العلم العراقي
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ازالة الكبريت بالامتزاز من النفثا الثقيلة العراقية بواسطة 13X زيولايت Adsorption Desulfurization of Iraqi Heavy Naphtha Using 13X Zeolite

المستخلص: اجري هذا العمل لدراسة تاثير الامتزاز الانتقائي في ازالة مركبات الكبريت من النفثا الثقيلة العراقية التي تم توريدها من مصفاة الدورة. انجزت عملية الامتزاز بواسطة 13 منخل جزيئي داخل العمود ذو الحشوة الثابتة. X 6?? - من ??5 LHSV وقد نفذ الامتزاز الانتقائي في | This work was conducted to study the effect of selective adsorption on removal of sulfur compounds from Iraqi heavy naphtha which was supplied from Al - Dura refinery. The adsorption was carried out by molecular sieve 13X in a fixed - bed column.The selective adsorption was run out at different operating conditions such as LHSV from 1.5 - 6.0 h P - 1 P , molecular sieve bed weight from 15 - 30 g , sulfur inlet concentration of feedstock from 600 - 1650 ppm, and adsorption temperature at 25 PoPC and 40 PoPC.The breakthrough time, breakpoint and saturation state ( bed replace point ) were determined for different operating conditions in addition to the ratio of accumulated effluent weight per bed weight. Also , regeneration possibility of 13X spent catalyst was studied by using oxidative technique at different temperatures and air flow rates.The results show that increasing in LHSV and inlet concentration makes the breakthrough curves more steeper , also the breakthrough time and breakpoint decreases. Increasing the bed weight will increase both the breakthrough time and breakpoint.The best operating conditions for removing sulfur compounds were LHSV 3.0 h - 1 , bed weight of molecular sieve about 20 g and 25oC temperature , where the sulfur content in a heavy naphtha was reduced from nearly 600 ppm to less than 1 ppm (by weight).Regeneration step was thermally took place by hot air flow in a range of 16.66 - 25 liter / min and temperature range from 200 - 350 oC , the best desorption conditions for (85.8%) weight percent removal were at 16.66 liter / min air flow and 350 oC.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الهندسة - قسم الهندسة الكيمياوية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الهندسة الكيمياوية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: الهندسة الكيمياوية
اسم المشرف: حسين قاسم حسين
اسم المؤلف: موفق محمد يحيى

دراسة الحركية ونمذجة تفاعل استرة حامض الاوليك باستخدام NaY زيولايت المحضر Kinetic Study And Modeling of Olic Acid Esterification Over Prepared Nay Zeolite

المستخلص: تم تحضير زيولايت من نوع استرة حامض الاوليك. اجريت فحوصات الاشعة السينية ونسبة الصوديوم ونسبة السيليكا الى الالومينا والمساحة السطحية والحجم المسامي للعامل المساعد المحضر.اظهرت الفحوصات التوافق بين العامل المساعد المحضر مع التركيب العام للزيولايت القياسي. | The NaY zeolite catalyst was prepared from locally available Iraqi kaolin in order to use it in the esterification reaction of oleic acid. X - ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy, sodium content, silica to alumina ratio, surface area and pore volume were determined for the prepared NaY zeolite. The results of x - ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy show that the prepared NaY zeolite has approximately the same crystal structure as the standard. The sodium content was 12.26 wt. %, and the silica to alumina mole ratiowas 2.6, surface area 330 m2/g and pore volume 0.35 cm3/g. Because of the oleic acid is one of the free fatty acids that can found in vegetable oils and animal fats. Oleic acid used as a suggested feedstock to study and simulate production of biodiesel via esterification reaction.Esterification reaction was analyzed at different operational conditions including the ethanol/oleic acid molar ratio of 3/1 and 6/1, different temperature from 40 to 70 °C, reaction time up to 180 minutes and catalyst (2, 5 and 10 wt. % NaY zeolite). The maximum conversion of oleic acid (about 0.83) was observed at 6/1 ethanol/oleic molar ratio, 70 °C reaction temperature, 10 wt. % NaY zeolite as a catalyst, and 60 minutes contact time. The study of the kinetics of the esterification reaction of oleic acid, indicated that the value of the activation energies of esterification ware 42692 and 17218 J/mol for forward and backward reaction respectively, and frequency factors were 7.2*104 (mol - 1/minute) for forward reaction and 4.5 (mol - 1.25/minute) for backward reaction. The values of reactants and products orders were 1, 1, 1.2 and 1 for oleic, ethanol, ester and water respectively.The statistical analysis of the esterification reaction and experimental data indicates that the average relative error was 1.53, within 0.95 confidence level.ReactOp cascade package simulator used for simulation the behavior of batch and plug flow reactors in different operating modes (adiabatic and isothermal) carried out at selected operating conditions Contents Contents.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الهندسة - قسم الهندسة الكيمياوية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الهندسة الكيمياوية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: الهندسة الكيمياوية
اسم المشرف: عمار صالح عباس
اسم المؤلف: رويدة نزيه عباس

عمليات التنافذ الامامي - العكسي لمعالجة المياه الملوثة بالزيوت Forward - Reverse Osmosis Processes For Oily Wastewater Treatment

المستخلص: في هذه الدراسة, تم بحث مدى ملائمة عمليات التنافذ (الامامي - العكسي) لمعالجة المياه الملوثة بالزيوت. حيث طبقت عملية التنافذ الامامي لاسترجاع الماء النقي من المياه الملوثة بالزيوت. تم استخدام زيت محرك الديزل والكازولين نوع (15W - 40) لتحضير محلول اللقيم, بي | In this study, the feasibility of Forward - Reverse membrane osmosis system was investigated for treating the oily wastewater. Forward osmosis (FO) process was applied to recover pure water from oily wastewater. Gasoline and diesel engine oil (15W - 40) was used to prepare the feed solution (FS). While sodium chloride (NaCl) and magnesium chloride (MgCl2) salts were used as draw solutions, and the membrane that was used in FO process was cellulose triacetate (CTA) membrane. While reverse osmosis process was used to recovery water from the diluted draw solution using polyamide (thin film composite (TFC)) membrane. In the first stage was applying the FO process for treating the oily wastewater with two parts. The first part included the FO process using the batch system whereas the second part included the FO process using the flowing system for different draw solutions. Theoperating parameters studied were : draw solution type, draw solution concentrations (0.25 - 0.75 M), oil concentration in FS (100 - 1000 ppm), the temperatures of FS and DS (30 - 45 °C), pH of FS (4 - 10) and for the forward osmosis flowing process the flow rate of both DS and FS (20 - 60 l/h), while the pressure was maintained at 0.5 bar. The run - time of the FO process was for five hours. It was found that water flux through membrane decreases with increasing time, while oil concentration in the FS increases with increasing time. Also, it was found that the water flux produced from the osmosis cell and oil concentration in FS increase by increasing the concentration of draw solutions, the flow rate of FS and the temperature for a limit (40oC), then, the water flux and oil concentration decrease with increasing the temperature because of happening the internal concentration polarization phenomenon. By increasing the oil concentration in FS and the flow rate of the DS, the water flux and oil concentration in FS were decreased. While it had a fluctuated behavior with increasing the pH of oily wastewater. It was found also that MgCl2 gives water flux higher than NaCl. It was observed that the best operating conditions in this study were : concentration of salt (0.75 M) for MgCl2, oil concentration (100 ppm), pH of FS (7.3), temperature of feed and draw solution (40oC), flow rate of FS (60 l/h), and flow rate of DS (20 l/h). The values of resistance to solute diffusion within the membrane porous support layer were 55.93 h/m and 26.21 h/m for NaCl and MgCl2 respectively. The second stage was applied reverse osmosis process for separating the fresh water from a diluted (NaCl) solution using different parameters such as draw solution concentration (0.08 - 0.16 M), feed flow rate (20 - 40 l/h) within two hours of work of the reverse osmosis system.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الهندسة - قسم الهندسة الكيمياوية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الهندسة الكيمياوية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: الهندسة الكيمياوية
اسم المشرف: حسن فرهود مكي
اسم المؤلف: نور حمود زغير

معالجة واعادة استخدام المياه الناتجة من حقول نفط الاحدب العراقية Treatment And Reuse of Produced Water From Al - Ahdab Iraqi Oilfields

المستخلص: الهدف الاساسي من هذا البحث هو تطوير طريقة عملية لمعالجة المياه المنتجة من حقول النفط العراقية. في هذه الدراسة تم توظيف نظام متحد من ثلاث عمليات معالجة هي التخثير والامتزاز والتبادل الايوني لازالة وتقليل بعض الملوثات الرئيسية مثل العكورة والمحتوى الزيتي وم | The overall goal of this research was to develop a practical method of treating co - produced waters from oil - field sources. In this study, combined coagulation - adsorption - ion exchange treatment was employed for the removal of some main contaminants like turbidity, oil content, and total dissolved solids from produced water. These combination steps are not studied before. The wastewater used in this work was taken freshly form Al - Ahdab oilfields. The coagulants used in this study were aluminum sulfate (alum) as a primary coagulant and calcium hydroxide (lime) as a coagulant aid. The performance of these coagulants was investigated through jar test by comparing turbidity removal at different coagulant / coagulants aid ratio, coagulant dose, water pH, and sedimentation time. The best conditions for turbidity removal can be obtained at coagulant dosage of 80 mg/L at pH 6 and 120 min for sedimentation time. There was an improvement in the turbidity removal when 25% lime was used in conjunction with 75% alum. At these conditions, the turbidity reading was reduced from 92 to 2.1 NTU. In addition, an attempt was made to examine the relationship between turbidity (NTU) and total suspended solids (mg/L) on the same samples of produced water. This study presents an investigation on the technical feasibility of using organoclay for adsorption of oil content from produced water. The organoclay was prepared by combination of Iraqi bentonite with quaternary amine (tetraethylammonium chloride). Batch mode experiments were conducted to study the effects of amine/ bentonite ratio, organoclay quantity, pH, and contact time. The analysis results showed that the organoclay adsorbent was very effective in removing oil content from produced water and the best results obtained for the removal of oil content are 16 g/L of prepared organoclay having 35 g amine/ 100 g bentonite, pH 3, and 120 min for contact time. These results reduce the concentration of oil content from 532.1 to 2.7 mg/L. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms and kinetics were investigated. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted well to Temkin isotherm as highest coefficient of correlation (R2=0.996) and lowest value of standard deviation (Sd=2.385). The adsorption kinetic data were fitted very well the pseudo - second order kinetics model (R2=0.997 and Sd=1.644). The continuous experiments were carried out in a fixed - bed column. The results revealed that adsorption capacity increases with increasing bed depth and with decreasing flow rate. In this work, a continuous ion exchange study in fixed - bed columns was performed to reduce TDS concentration from produced water. The experiments were subjected to lab - scale ion exchangers, consisting of two types of commercial resins connected in series. The two types of resins used in this work were : strongly acidic cation exchanger of type Dowex 650C and strongly basic anion exchanger of type Dowex I. 550A. Comparison of Thomas, Yoon - Nelson, and Adams - Bohart models with experimental kinetics results was done, and model parameters were evaluated by linear regression analysis for TDS reduction in different bed depths and flow rates. The obtained experimental data were in good agreement with Thomas and Yoon - Nelson models (R2 reaches to 0.996). Reverse flow regeneration was carried out in a fixed - bed column for exhausted resin by washing with diluted acid and base solutions. The regenerated resin was reused in the same column. Approximately, 65% of the original sorption capacity was restored.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الهندسة - قسم الهندسة الكيمياوية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: الهندسة الكيمياوية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: الهندسة الكيمياوية
اسم المشرف: Basma A. Abdul Majeed
اسم المؤلف: حسين باسم عليوي

فعالية عامل مساعد محضر ومحفز بمعادن مختلفة لعملية ازالة الكبريت بالهدرجة لزيت الغاز العراقي Activity of A Prepared Catalyst Promoted By Different Metals For The Hydrodesulfurization of Iraqi Gas Oil

المستخلص: The present work deals with the improvement of Iraqi gas oil containing 1.402 wt. % sulfur by hydrotreating process using different prepared hydrodesulfurization catalysts (Ni - Mo/? - Al2O3, Co - Mo/? - Al2O3, Co - Ni - Mo/? - Al2O3, Ti - Ni - Mo/? - Al2O3 and Re - Ni - Mo/? - Al2O3). All catalysts were prepared under vacuum impregnation to ensure efficient precipitation of metals within the carrier ? - Al2O3. Physical adsorption by nitrogen was investigated, and used for determination of the surface area and pore size distribution of prepared catalysts.The results showed that modified catalysts Ti - Ni - Mo/? - Al2O3 and Re - Ni - Mo/? - Al2O3 have a high surface area 225.1 and 235.23 m2/g respectively, as compered with conventional prepared catalysts Ni - Mo/? - Al2O3 and Co - Mo/? - Al2O3 which their have surface area 178.5 and 191.4 m2/g respectively, and exhibits behavior of type four according to Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) classification, and type H1 according to de Boer classification for hysteresis loop, so, it was concluded that the pores of these catalysts are cylindrical. The performances of all the synthesized catalysts for removal of sulfur and aromatic saturation gas oil were tested at different LHSV (1 to 4 h - 1), temperatures ( 275 to 350 °C), constant pressure 40 bar, and H2/HC ratio 500 ml/ml. The results showed that the sulfur and aromatic content were decresed at all operating conditions for all prepared catalysts. It was found that the sulfur removal from gas oil increases with temperature and decreasing with the space velocity, and the temperature has higher effect on the process of sulfur removal than the space velocity. It was found also that Ni - Mo/? - Al2O3 catalyst is slightly better in sulfur removal (61.5 wt. % ) with than Co - Mo/? - Al2O3 (59.2 wt. %) at the same operation conditions (350 °C and LHSV 1 h - 1), and hydrodesulfurization over Ni - Mo/Al2O3 was improved remarkly by adding Ti and Re promoters. Maximam sulfur removal was 76.81 wt. % using Re - Ni - Mo/? - Al2O3 at temperature 350?C, LHSV 1 h - 1, while minumum aromatic content value is 15.44 wt. % for Ni - Mo/ ? - Al2O3. Calculations showed that the hydrodesulfurization rate expressions fitted with second order reaction kinetics model.The rate constant varied from 0.005 to 0.144 liter/kg.h and the values of activation energy varied from 50.0 to 93.59 kJ/mole for all prepared catalysts. Thiele modulus, for all prepared catalysts was calculated.The lower values of the Thiele modulus (> 0.4) gives strong evidence of negligible pore diffusion limitation.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الهندسة - قسم الهندسة الكيمياوية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: الهندسة الكيمياوية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: الهندسة الكيمياوية
اسم المشرف: Abdul Halim A.K. Mohammed Hussein K. Hussein
اسم المؤلف: طارق محمد نايف

ازالة المحتوى الكبريتي من وقود الديزل بواسطة الاكسدة والاستخلاص بالمذيب Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel By Oxidation And Solvent Extraction

المستخلص: يهدف البحث الى ازالة المحتوى الكبريتي من مقطع الديزل المهدرج للتخلص من المركبات الكبريتية الثايوفينية التي تتعذر ازالتها بواسطة عملية الهدرجة المعتمدة في المصافي النفطية. ودراسة افضل الظروف للحصول على اعلى نسبة ازالة.رست الظروف التشغيلية التالية : سرعة ال | Removal of sulfur species from fuels is an increasingly critical environmental issue. Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) removes sulfur compounds, such as mercaptans and sulfides from hydrocarbons; however, some sulfur - containing compounds (such as diebenzothiophene) are very difficult to remove and need deep desulfurization processes.This work was applied to the desulfurized diesel fuel produced from the conventional HDS process for ultra - desulfurization. The used fuel types in this investigation were either real diesel fuel or simulated diesel fuel, where sulfur - containing compound ( dibenzothiophene DBT) converted to its corresponding sulfone by oxidation using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant and acetic acid as homogenous catalyst, and solvent extraction by using acetonitrile (ACN) or N - methyl - 2 - pyrrolidone (NMP) as extractants.Simulated diesel fuel according to British Petroleum 200B doped with dibenzothiophene (DBT) was prepared, the effect of stirring speed (150, 250, 350 and 450) rpm, temperature (30, 40, 45 and 50) ?C, oxidant/simulated diesel fuel ratio (0.5, 0.75,1 and 1.5) (v/v), catalyst/oxidant ratio (0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75) (v/v), solvent type, and solvent/simulated diesel fuel ratio (0.5, 0.6, 0.75 and 1) (v/v) were examined in order to obtain the maximum sulfur removal. The results of this work exhibit that the highest removal of sulfur 98.5% for N - methyl - 2 - pyrrolidone and 95.8% for acetonitrile were obtained under the conditions of operating in table below : Stirring Speed (rpm) 350 Temperature (?C) 50 Oxidant (hydrogen peroxide)/simulated diesel fuel ratio 1 Catalyst (acetic acid)/oxidant ratio 0.5 Solvent (ACN or NMP)/simulated diesel fuel ratio 1 Experiments with the above best conditions were carried out on Real diesel fuel obtained from Al - Dora refinery with 1000 ppm sulfur containing compounds. It was found that sulfur removal from real diesel fuel was 62.5% for acetonitrile and 75% for N - methyl - 2 - pyrrolidone.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الهندسة - قسم الهندسة الكيمياوية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الهندسة الكيمياوية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: الهندسة الكيمياوية
اسم المشرف: ودود طاهر محمد رغد فريد
اسم المؤلف: شيم بهجت عبد الكريم

استخلاص الزيوت العطرية من قشور الحمضيات باستعمال التقطير البخاري بمساعدة المايكرويف Extraction of Essential Oils From Citrus By - Products Using Microwave Steam Distillation

المستخلص: يهدف هذا البحث الى استخلاص الزيت العطري من ثلاثة انواع من قشور الحمضيات (البرتقال, الليمون, اللالنكي) بطريقتين : التقطير البخاري والتقطير البخاري بمساعدة المايكرويف.ودراسة تاثير عوامل الاستخلاص : (وزن القشور, وقت الاستخلاص,طاقة المايكرويف ونوع قشور الحمضي | The main objectives of this research is to extract essential oil from : orange( citrus sinensis), lemon( citrus limon) and mandarin( citrus reticulata) peels by two methods : steam distillation (SD) and microwave assisted steam distillation (MASD), study the effect of extraction conditions : weight of the sample( 398.56g, 281.8g, 116.76g), extraction time, microwave power( 135W, 265W, 445W) and citrus peel type( orange, lemon, mandarin) on oil yield and compare the results of the two methods, the resulting essential oil was analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC).Essential oils are highly concentrated substances used for their flavor and therapeutic or odoriferous properties, in a wide selection of products such as foods, medicines and cosmetics. Extraction of essential oil is one of the most time and effort consuming process. Microwave - assisted extraction is a green technique for the extraction of natural products. (MASD) was better than (SD) in terms of rapidity, energy saving and yield. (MASD) gave higher yield than (SD) with shorter extraction time, yield of orange oil extracted by (MASD) was (1.150%) in (35min.) compared to (1.095%) in (45min.) by (SD) process, same results obtained for lemon and mandarin. It was found that the optimal microwave power was (135W) and the yield was : (1.150%, 1.115%, 0.940%) for orange, lemon and mandarin respectively, (MASD) increased extraction temperature in short time and to a higher level compared to (SD).It was found that the optimal weight was (398.56g) and the yield in (SD) was : (1.095%) and MASD (1.091%) for orange oil, same results obtained for lemon and mandarin.The best citrus peel type which gave the highest yield was orange followed by lemon then mandarin in both processes.Limonene is the most abundant component in citrus essential oil, (GC) analysis showed that the amount of limonene increased in low microwave power with long extraction time for mandarin oil it was (84.3891% at 135W in 60min.), while for (SD) it was (83.0271% in 75min.) and decreased with increasing microwave power for orange oil it was (80.9661% at 265W in 35min.) while for (SD) it was (83.2189% in 45min.), (SD) was more convenient to give high amount of limonene because of the graduate temperature rise, while in microwave extraction exposure to low microwave power for long time would give complete recovery and better quality of essential oil.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الهندسة - قسم الهندسة الكيمياوية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الهندسة الكيمياوية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: الهندسة الكيمياوية
اسم المشرف: ابتهال كريم شاكر
اسم المؤلف: سارة جبير صالح

تثبيط تاكل الحديد الكاربوني الواطئ في حامض الكبريتيك باستعمال كحول البولي فينيل ومستخلص نبات PIPER LONGUM Corrosion Inhibition of Low Carbon Steel In Sulfuric Acid By PVA And Piper Longum Extracts

المستخلص: The inhibitive power of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) and the synergistic effects added on the inhibition power of PVA by two types of Piper Longum (PL) Ethanol Extracts (PLEXT) were investigated toward the corrosion of carbon steel in (0.2N) H2SO4 solution in the temperature range (30 - 60?C) and PVA concentration range (150 - 2000 PPM).The corrosion rate measurements were carried out using the following two standard corrosion measurements techniques.1. Weight loss technique was applied on carbon steel plates to evaluate inhibition efficiency in presence and absence of these inhibitors.2. Electrochemical Techniques were used to validate and support inhibition efficiencies found in weight loss techniques.A detailed study of the experimental methods and results is reported for each test conducted.The weight loss results showed that PVA could serve as a corrosion inhibitor but its inhibition power was found to be low for the corrosion of carbon steel in the acidic media.It was shown that the inhibition efficiency for (PVA) decreased with increasing temperature at a given PVA concentration. On the other hand it was shown that at given temperature the inhibition efficiency of (PVA) was increased with increasing of PVA concentration until a PVA concentration of 2000 ppm PVA was reached then only a slight decrease in inhibition efficiency was observed when increasing PVA concentration further.The Maximum inhibition efficiency reached was about 71 % at 30?C & 2000 ppm (PVA) concentration, calculated by the weight loss techniques.In order to improve the inhibition efficiency of PVA, by adding 6 ml/l of ethanol extracts of piper longum (PL) to a liter of the acid solution in presence of concentrations of PVA 150,500,1000.1500, and 2000 ppm at temperatures (30,40,50, and 60?C) was investigated.Weight loss results showed a jump in inhibition efficiency (% IE) value of the modified inhibitor mixture compared with the presence of PVA alone at all (PVA) concentrations for temperature range considered in this investigation.This study demonstrated the extra inhibition power added by the (PL) fruit extracts to the organic polymer (PVA) used. Maximum inhibition efficiencies recorded were approximately 95% for Piper Longum Extract Number two (PLEXT2) at 30?C and 2000 ppm PVA.The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters regarding the adsorption process of inhibitors used was calculated.It was found that the changes corrosion rates correlates well with the Arrhenius equation in absence and presence of inhibitors.The Results showed that the adsorption of the polymer and the plant extract follows Langmuir adsorption isotherms and the adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on the metal surface is mainly physical, nevertheless the adsorption is believed to be slightly deviated from the Langmuir model at 30?C.Electrochemical analysis of the corrosion process of carbon steel in an electrochemical corrosion cell was investigated using 3 - Electrode corrosion cell coupled with a potentiostat interfaced with a computer which assisted polarization data interception and interpretation.Polarization technique was used to obtain polarization data which was recorded for carbon steel in 0.2N H2SO4 solutions in presence and absence of the inhibitors investigated. Electrochemical runs were done in the (PVA) concentrations of 150, 1000, and 2000 PPM and a temperatures of 30, 40, 50, and 60?C.Tafel slopes, Corrosion currents, and corrosion rates were calculated from polarization curves by Tafel extrapolation method. Results showed corrosion rate trends similar to findings by the weight loss method. It was indicated also that the corrosion of carbon steel in 0.2N H2SO4 is highly activity controlled.Results revealed that the inhibition action is occurring at both anodic and cathodic sites on the metal surface so that both corrosion reactions were affected, so that the composite inhibitor could be considered as mixed - type inhibitor.Electrochemical results confirmed that (PLEXT2) was more efficient as inhibition improvement additive to (PVA) than (PLEXT1) at all experimental conditions range encountered in this study.The highest inhibition efficiency recorded using Tafel polarization method was 83% obtained at 30?C and 2000 ppm of PVA with 6 ml/l PLEXT2.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الهندسة - قسم الهندسة الكيمياوية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: الهندسة الكيمياوية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: الهندسة الكيمياوية
اسم المشرف: ماجد ابراهيم عبد الوهاب ابرائيل سركيس يارو
اسم المؤلف: اياد بهاء الدين احمد

تحضير الكاربون المنشط من نوى التمر باستخدام كاربونات البوتاسيوم كعامل منشط في ازالة صبغة المثيلين الزرقاء Preparation of Activated Carbon From Date Stones By K2Co3 Activation For Methylene Blue Dye Adsorption

المستخلص: Present study deals with the preparation of activated carbon (AC) from date stones by K2CO3 activation via microwave heating and the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution by using such carbon as adsorbent. The influence of radiation time (4 - 12min), radiation power (540 - 700W) and impregnation ratio (0.5 - 2.5g/g) on the yield and MB uptake of such carbons were studied. Central composite design was used to determine the optimum preparation conditions and two quadratic models were developed to correlate the preparation variables for both responses.The optimum preparation conditions were reported as 8 min radiation time, 660 W radiation power and 1.5 g/g impregnation ratio resulting in 19.99% yield and 460.123 mg/g MB uptake. From the analysis of variance (ANOVA), it was found that the radiation time had the greatest effect on the yield while impregnation ratio had the greatest effect on MB uptake.The characteristics of AC were examined by pore structure analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The BET surface area and total pore volume were indentified to be 1144.25 m²/g and 0.656 m³/g, respectively. Batch adsorption study was adopted to determine the experimental adsorption isotherm data of different initial concentration of MB (50 - 450 mg/l). The equilibrium data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips isotherm models. The results showed that the experimental data were well fitted with sips isotherm with maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 484.7 mg/g. Pseudo - First order, Pseudo - Second order, and intraparticle diffusion models were used to analyze experimental kinetics data with high correlation coefficient for Pseudo - second - order model.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الهندسة - قسم الهندسة الكيمياوية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: الهندسة الكيمياوية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: الهندسة الكيمياوية
اسم المشرف: مثنى جبار احمد
اسم المؤلف: اسماء فاضل عباس

ازالة الكادميوم من المياه الملوثة بالترسيب الكهروكيمياوي باستخدام حزمة من الانابيب الفولاذية متحدة المركز Removal of Cadmium From Wastewater By Electro - Deposition On Stainless Steel Concentric Tubes Bundle

المستخلص: تم دراسة انتقال الكتلة الخاص بايونات الكادميوم الثنائية الى سطح اسطوانة دوراة مصنوعة من مادة الفولاذ المقاوم للتاكل (كقطب كاثود) بواسطة قياس التيار المحدد لتفاعل اختزال ايونات الكادميوم الكاثودي في محلول كبريتات الصوديوم بتركيز مولار باستخدام خلية ثلاثية | 1 - Mass transfer of Cd+2 ions to a smooth stainless steel rotating cylinder electrode was studied by measuring the limiting current for the cathodic reduction of Cd+2 in 0.5 M sodium sulphate supporting electrolyte by three electrodes cell with stainless steel rotating cylinder electrode working in hydrodynamic voltammetry mode. The studied parameters were electrolyte pH (4, 5, 6 and 7), initial Cd+2 concentrations (50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm) and rotation rates (100, 150, 200 and 250 rpm). Cadmium ions' reduction potential for mass transfer control conditions was found to be - 0.13 V. Diffusion coefficient was determined and correlated with the bulk concentration of Cd+2 in sodium sulphate solution. The increase in pH was found to enhance the mass transfer coefficient and this effect diminishes nearly at pH=7, and the experimental data were well fitted by an empirical dimensionless correlation among the Sherwood number, Reynolds number and Schmidt number. The obtained correlation was : Sh=0.047 ?Re?^0.769 ?Sc?^0.356 For (8015.519 < Re < 20587.07) Reduction potential obtained via the voltammograms constructed by the rotating cylinder cell was applied for the two pilot scale units in order to keep the process under mass transfer control conditions. Parameters studied in these units are : initial cadmium concentration, pH, and electrolyte flow rate. The first pilot scale unit was an electrochemical reactor with smooth stainless steel concentric tubes, and the second one was an electrochemical reactor with stainless steel mesh concentric cylinders.2 - For the stainless steel smooth concentric tubes cathode, mass transfer coefficient was calculated and correlated with initial concentration.Effect of pH on mass transfer coefficient was studied and correlated, and it was found that the effect of pH was found to be completely negligible at pH=7.On the other hand, effect of flow rate on mass transfer coefficient was studied and correlated. Performance of the reactor was analyzed by introducing figures of merit for fractional conversion, specific energy consumption, space time yield and normalizes space velocity. The experimental data were correlated in a dimensionless expression as flows : Sh=0.804?Re?^0.632 ?Sc?^(1/3) For 254 < Re < 1018.3 - For the stainless steel mesh concentric cylinders was adjusted to work under mass transfer control conditions by applying the reduction potential obtained in hydrodynamic voltammetry experiments.Effect of initial cadmium concentration, pH and solution flow rate was studied and analyzed. Mass transfer coefficient was correlated with these studied parameters.Similar to smooth cathode, the mesh cathode showed a negligible response to pH at pH=7.Noticeable enhancement in mass transfer coefficient was investigated by the action of flow rate, and the mass transfer coefficient was correlated with the solution flow rate.The mesh cathode showed a higher conversion than that adopted by the smooth cathode, and showed lower cumulative current efficiency than that of smooth cathode.Mesh cathode showed specific energy consumption, space time yield and normalized space velocity higher than that for the smooth cathode.Experimental data for the mesh reactor were correlated in a dimensionless relation as follows : Sh=1.898?Re?^0.514 ?Sc?^(1/3) For 235 < Re < 943 Cadmium ions reduction reaction was found to follow a first order reaction with respect to Cd+2 concentration, and reaction rate constant was predicted under different operating conditions.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الهندسة - قسم الهندسة الكيمياوية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: الهندسة الكيمياوية
الموضوع العام: الهندسة الكيمياوية
اسم المشرف: عباس حميد سليمون بسمة عباس عبد المجيد
اسم المؤلف: انس بديوي سلمان

تحسين اداء بروتوكول لشبكات الاستشعار اللاسلكية اللاارادية Performance Enhancement of Routiing Protocol For Autonomic Wireless Sensor Networks

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: هندسة الحاسبات
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: هندسة الحاسبات
اسم المشرف: فراس علي صابر
اسم المؤلف: سرى فوزي اسماعيل

ادارة المرور في شبكات التحسس الاسلكية بالاعتماد على خوارزميات المراقبة الذكي Traffic Management In Wireless Sensor Network Based on Intelligent Monitoring Algorithms

المستخلص: طبيعة الحدث في شبكات الاستشعار اللاسلكية يؤدي الى حركة المرور المفاجئ في الشبكة ؛ ترسل العقد في مجال الرصد حزم البيانات الخاصة بها فقط في حاله حدوث احداث معينة. ان هذا الكم الهائل من حزم البيانات يمكن ان يؤدي بسهولة الى الاختناق, بسبب تجاوز سعة المخزن الم | The event - driven nature of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) leads to sudden network traffic; the nodes in the monitoring field send data packets to the sink only upon the observation of specific events. This huge amount of data packets can easily lead to
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: هندسة الحاسبات
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: هندسة الحاسبات
اسم المشرف: ناديه عدنان شلتاغ
اسم المؤلف: زينب غازي فيصل

التنقل المتكيف لخوارزمية موازنة الحمل للتطور طويل الامد Adaptive Handovers Ffor Lte Load Balancing Algorithm

المستخلص: لقد تطو رت الاتصالات المتنقلة بشكل كبير في السنوات الاخيرة, وتسارعت بسبب زيادة استخدام الهواتف الذكية وتطبيقاتها. ولكن الزيادة الهائلة في الاستخدام والطلب على خدمات ذات ( جودة اعلى فرض الكثير من التحديات على الشبكات اللاسلكية. لذلك, مشروع شراكة الجيل 1 1 | In recent years, mobile communication has evolved drastically, which is further accelerated by the increase in usage of smart phones and their applications. But the huge increasing in usage and demand on higher quality services poses a lot of challenges t
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: هندسة الحاسبات
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: هندسة الحاسبات
اسم المشرف: فراس علي صابر
اسم المؤلف: نمارق سامي جاسم

تحديد مواقع العقد في شبكات الاستشعار اللاسلكية لاستكشاف النفط Wireless Sensor Network Nodes Localization For Oil Exploration

المستخلص: يستخدم في التنقيب عن النفط والغاز انواع مختلفة من عقد الاستشعار (اجهزة الاستقبال). بالتالي, الموقع الدقيق لعقد الاستشعار له تاثير كبير في استكشاف الحقول النفطية. في النظام السلكي لتحدي د مواق ع العقد، والذي يضم اثنين من المشكلات (GPS) يستخدم نظام تحديد | In oil and gas exploration various sensor node (receivers) types are used. Consequently, the accurate position of the sensor node has a great impact inthe field of oil exploration. In wired system, Global Positioning System (GPS) is used for node locali
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: هندسة الحاسبات
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: هندسة الحاسبات
اسم المشرف: حامد محمد علي عبد الحسين
اسم المؤلف: ماجد عيدان دبخ

تصميم ومحاكاة نظام سيطرة والنظم ضبابي متعدد الاختيار لتطبيق شبكة متحسس البيت الزجاجي Design And Simulation of Multi Choice Fuzzy Control System For Greenhouse Sensor Network Application

المستخلص: This thesis proposes a multi - choice fuzzy control system with three modes of operation to control the temperature and humidity of the Greenhouse (GH) with system monitoring ability. The system design consists of two parts, the first part : designing a f
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: هندسة السيطرة والنظم
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: هندسة السيطرة والنظم
اسم المشرف: قيس سعيد اسماعيل
اسم المؤلف: قيس جبر صبر الجواري

محاكاة التعريف غير المحدد والسيطرة لروبوت سكارا باستخدام الشبكات العصبية المعدلة Simulation of Non - Parametric Identification And Control of Scara Robot Using Modified Neural Networks

المستخلص: The control of Multi - Input - Multi - Output (MIMO) plant is difficult problem when the plant is nonlinear and there are dynamic interactions between the plant variables. A good example of such a plant is an articulated robot with two or more joints.Con
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: هندسة الحاسبات
السنة: 2011
الموضوع العام: هندسة الحاسبات
اسم المشرف: قيس سعيد الصباغ نادية عدنان شلتاغ
اسم المؤلف: دنيا عبد الكريم عبد القادر

تطبيق متوازي لخوارزمية باستخدام RSA المعالجات المتعددة النواة ووحدة معالجة الرسومات A Multithreading Implementation of RSA Algorithm on Multicores And GPUS

المستخلص: تعرف خوارزميات المفتاح العام بانها ابطا من نظيرتها المفتاح الخاص في مجال خوارزميات التشفير وذلك بسبب ان الحسابات الرياضية عنصر اساسي فيها. تعد خوارزمية من خوارزميات المفتاح العام الاكثر شيوعا واستخداما. بناءا على ذلك، يعد تحسين سرعة (RSA) موضوع بحث غاية ف | Public key algorithms are known to be slower than private key alternatives in the area of cryptographic algorithms due to their basis in modular arithmetic. The most public key algorithm widely used is the RSA. Therefore, how to enhance the speed of RSA a
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: هندسة السيطرة والنظم
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: هندسة السيطرة والنظم
اسم المشرف: محمد عصام يونس
اسم المؤلف: هبة محمد فاضل

نموذج مقترح للتعامل مع فشل العقدة في شبكة الاستشعار اللاسلكية Proposed Model To Handle Node Failure In Wireless Sensor Network

المستخلص: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) contains many low cost and low power sensor nodes (SNs), these nodes may fail to communicate with each other according to some reasons such as battery lifetime, uncontrolled events or any surrounding environment actions which will lead to partition the network and reduce the Quality of Service (QoS) as well as the reliability and efficiency of the whole network. The motivation of this work was detecting these malfunctions using three approaches considered with two proposed network models : random distributed SNs and real model.Firstly, localization approach in WSN are discussed and verified using four classic localization methods to detect any failed SN, which are : Distance Vector (DV - Hop), Angle of Arrival (AoA), Time of Arrival (ToA) and Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI). These methods are analyzed and implemented for three different areas, each with three different numbers of SNs. All of them are implemented using MATLAB programming language. Secondly a known fault detection method called Distributed Fault Detection (DFD) discussed and implemented using MATLAB also, and a new method developed from this method named (MDFD) to overcome the disadvantages of DFD method. Finally the feature of the connectivity of the SNs themselves within the network is exploited by using two Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol standards : Sleep Medium Access Control (SMAC) and Tune Medium Access Control (TMAC) protocols, then proposed a modified MAC protocol (MMAC) to enhance the most affecting factors of these two MAC standards such as energy consumption and latency. The performance analysis of these three MAC protocols is verified and simulated using a real model for Iraq, Baghdad, Al - Kadhumyah City, by Castalia 3.2 simulator also designed and implemented these three protocols using an iOS application by the XCode program for general application sensors especially for explosives detection sensors, Fido® X3 sensor proposed forthis application. Simulation results showed that the localization methods proved their ability to localize the failed SNs, but with impractical errors (about 23%) in results than the other approaches, and additional load effect on the network due to execute the localization programs separately before each node failure detection. The DFD approach applied with homogeneous WSNs only that contain only one type of sensors, its errors (starting from 25% for three SNs) was due to its algorithm limitations in using only half of the neighbor SNs, reduced in MDFD method algorithm in which all neighbor SNs considered to detect the failed SN reaching full detection accuracy but with latency tradeoff. The MAC approach is better than localization approach because there is no need to additional hardware for node failure detection; it is also better than DFD approach because it was applicable with both homogeneous and nonhomogeneous WSNs. The three MAC protocols succeeded to detect the failed SNs, but SMAC and TMAC had their tradeoff in energy consumption and latency, when SMAC had less energy consumption (69.62% than TMAC), while TMAC had less latency (27.58% than SMAC). MMAC is combining the advantages of both SMAC and TMAC that had a less energy consumption than that in SMAC by 54.16% and smaller latency than that in TMAC by 76.19% within a range of division index m : between 1 to 5.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الهندسة - قسم الهندسة الكهربائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: هندسة الكهرباء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: هندسة الكهرباء والالكترون والاتصالات
اسم المشرف: ضياء جاسم كاظم
اسم المؤلف: مصطفى خالد مزعل

مقترح بروتوكول توجيه الانترنيت الاشياء بالاعتماد على شبكات الاستشعار اللاسلكية Proposed Routing Protocol For Internet of Things Based On Wireless Sensor Networks

المستخلص: The routing protocol designed for Internet of Things (IoT) systems has to be adapted with different applications requirements in order to enhance the performance of IoT applications. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis is proposing a routing protocol for wireless sensor network employed to serve IoT systems. A new IoT architecture was proposed with explaining the main functions of each layer forming the proposed architecture. The proposed routing protocol acted according to the tasks specified in this architecture. In addition, an IoT application was proposed to be applicable in some utility organizations. The link quality, node depth and energy were used as metrics to make routing decisions. In this work, different cases were proposed to exhibit the usage of these metrics and show the differences of using each of them, then examine different techniques which deal with link quality and the difference between using node - to - node link quality and end - to - end link quality. Improvements were added to the proposed routing protocol to achieve the perfect integration with suitable Media Access Control (MAC) protocol with taking into consideration the behavior of IoT application. Regarding this orientation, two approaches were suggested; the first includes the proposed routing protocol, application with high data rate and MAC protocol without sleeping capabilities; while the second approach included the proposed routing protocol, application with dynamic data rate and MAC protocol with sleeping capabilities. Comparison with other protocols was essential to show the improvements achieved by this work, thus protocols designed to serve the same purpose such as AODV, REL and LABILE were chosen to compare the proposed routing protocol with. To add integrative and holistic, some of important features such as actuating and mobility were added and tested. These features were greatly required by some of IoT applications and improving the routing protocol to support them made it more suitable for IoT systems. The proposed routing protocol was simulated using Castalia - 3.2 and all proposed approaches were examined to show the enhancement achieved by each approach. The results showed better performance when using end - to - end link quality. The results also showed the effect of MAC protocol if decreasing energy consumption was required. Sleeping MAC was the best choice when used with the proposed routing protocol while reducing the data rate. The proposed routing showed better performance than other protocols did regarding Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and latency. It preserved network reliability since it did not generate routing or data packets needlessly. Routing protocol with added features (actuating and mobility) showed good performance. But that performance was affected by increasing the speed of mobile nodes.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الهندسة - قسم الهندسة الكهربائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: هندسة الكهرباء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: هندسة الكهرباء والالكترون والاتصالات
اسم المشرف: ضياء جاسم كاظم
اسم المؤلف: عمر عبد الستار حماد

تصميم وبناء هوائي عريضة الشريط باستخدام المواد المسماة مابعد المادة Design And Implementation of Ultra - Wideband Metamaterial Antenna

المستخلص: This study focused on designing and analyzing patch antennabased metamaterial with the aid of partial ground plane. High Frequency Structure Simulation (HFSS) software was used to build and analyze a proposed unit cell of 4×4 mm² and resonant frequency of around 12 GHz. The unit cell was constructed from a patterned patch and ground plane that are connected with via through an FR - 4 substrate. The unit cell performances were studied in terms of S - parameters, effective refractive index, and dispersion properties. And it was found that the metamaterial properties appeared in the frequency band from 11 GHz to 14 GHz, where the unit cell exhibited less than 1 refractive index. A theoretical investigation based on TLM was developed to extract the values of thebasic lumped, RLC, elements network. It was found that the proposed unit cell behave like an unbalanced case of a passive constant k band elimination filter in the mentioned earlier frequency band. A parametric study based on numerical simulation was invoked to arrive to the optimal design through monitoring the effects of adding the MTM structures on the antenna performance. Therefore, this parametric study was optimized to achieve maximum bandwidth with relatively best gain.Finally, the optimal design was fabricated, measured and compared with the numerical results, obtained from Computer Simulation Technology (CST) and HFSS, in term of radiation pattern, S11 spectrum and gain. The experimental results confirmed that the gain of the antenna was 5.8 dBi at 10 GHZ with excellent matching over a wide range of frequencies. Furthermore, acceptable agreement was achieved between measured and simulated results in terms of S11 spectrum and radiation patterns at 10 GHz.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: هندسة الالكترونيك والاتصالات
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: هندسة الكهرباء والالكترون والاتصالات
اسم المشرف: طه احمد عليوي سليمان مرتضى عباس
اسم المؤلف: مروه مكي حمد

النظام المتوازي للتعرف على الوجه بالاعتماد على وحدة المعالجة المركزية متعددة النوى ووحدة معالجة الرسومات Parallelizing Face Identification System Based On Multi - Cores CPU And GPU

المستخلص: تمييز وجه الانسان هو احد انماط التعرف وهو واحد من اهم المقاييس الحيوية في الوقت الحاضر. ان الدقة في تحديد النتائج هي ليست المشكلة الرئيسية الوحيدة للتعرف على الاشخاص وانما يعتبر عامل السرعة في اظهار النتائج عاملا ضروريا في كثير من التطبيقات التي لها قيو | Face recognition is a pattern recognition technique and one of the most important biometrics. The accuracy is not a major problem that specifies the performance of automatic face recognition system alone, the time factor is also considered a major factor in real time environments. Motivated by such challenge, this thesis proposes a Real Time Face Identification System (RTFIS). In doing so, this thesis reviews the state - of - the - art of the face recognition systems and the current parallel processing technologies and available tools. Moreover, this thesis provides the architectural design, detailed design, and implementation of the RTFIS. In order to judge the speed up obtained in adopting recent technologies and parallel processing design patterns, this thesis proposes four variants implementations (models) of the RTFIS, the four variants are performed by using Fisherface algorithm for face recognition and Haar - cascade algorithm for face detection, In addition, these implementations are based on industrial standard tools involve Open Computer Vision (OpenCV) version 2.4.8, Microsoft.Net framework 4, C# programming language, EmguCV version windows universal CUDA 2.9.0.1922,and heterogeneous processing units. The first variant is performed using single core CPU (CPU Mono) to run both detection and recognition phases, second variant is performed by employing multi - core CPU (CPU Parallel) to run both detection and recognition phases, third variant is implemented by employing a combination of single core CPU and GPU (Hybrid Mono) to run detection on GPU and recognition on CPU and the fourth variant is implemented by employing the combination of multi - core CPU and GPU (Hybrid Parallel) to run detection on GPU and recognition on CPU. The experiment consists of applying 400 pictures for 40 persons' faces (10 images per a person), defining, training, and recognizing these pictures on these four variants, the experiment is taken place on the same environment. Finally, this thesis determines the speed up obtained for the three advanced implementations (i.e., Hybrid Parallel model, CPU Parallel model, and Hybrid Mono model) against the convention implementation (i.e., CPU Mono model).The practical results demonstrate that the Hybrid Parallel model gain highest speed up around 82X, CPU Parallel model also have a high speed up around 71X, and finally, the Hybrid Mono model gives a slight speed up about 1.04X.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: هندسة السيطرة والنظم
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: هندسة السيطرة والنظم
اسم المشرف: محمد عصام يونس
اسم المؤلف: زهراء قاسم جابر العبيدي

تصميم هوائي ضوئي يعمل ضمن نطاق تحت الحمراء الترددي باستخدام تقنية البلازمونك Optical Antenna Design In Ir Range Using Plasmonic Technology

المستخلص: Optical antennas, resonant structures, which efficiently collect free - space light and focus it into a nanoscale volume using plasmonic, are indispensable in the burgeoning field of nanophotonics. In this work, resonance behaviors of the fundamental resonance mode of diabolo gold metal bar optical antennas were investigated. The relationship between the near - field enhancement, absorption, and scattering spectra of localized plasmonic elements was explored. It was found that as the waist of the diabolo gold metal bar optical antenna was reduced, optical energy absorption cross section and near field enhancement at resonance increased significantly. Also reduction of the diabolo waist width caused redshift of the resonant wavelengths in the spectra of absorption cross - section, scattering cross - section, and the near electric field. Oppositely, it was found that as the length of the diabolo gold metal bar optical antenna was reduced, optical energy absorption cross section and near field enhancement at resonance decreases significantly. Also reduction of the diabolo length caused blue - shift of the resonant wavelengths in the spectra of absorption cross - section, scattering cross - section, and the near electric field.Grating surface diabolo antenna design was proposed. It was found that grating superstructure perturbed the optical properties of SPPs (Surface Plasmon polarions) and enabled the control of resonance wavelength of the antenna. The grating reduced the power that flow out from the antenna and enhanced the localized electromagnetic fields intensity. The grating also increased surface plasmon currents because of the formation of bound surface states. As a result, the absorption spectra and near field intensity were enhanced but at the same time, the scattering spectra and the far field pattern were reduced.Titanium - Gold grating surface diabolo antenna was proposed. It was found that titanium metal strengthen the grating perturbation of the optical properties of SPPs and allowed wide range of wavelength shifting (3.5 ?m). Because Gold and Titanium have difference electrical resonance characteristics, less plasmon damping occurred, resulting in lower scattering efficiency and narrower plasmon line widths.Finally, system modelling and simulations is done by using electrical department super computer (24 parallel MP and 64 GB RAM) and COMSOL multiphysics 4.4 software.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الهندسة - قسم الهندسة الكهربائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: هندسة الكهرباء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: هندسة الكهرباء والالكترون والاتصالات
اسم المشرف: محمد ناظم عباس
اسم المؤلف: هادي كريم شمخي

تبؤ الاحمال الكهربائية للشبكة العراقية للمدة القصيرة باعتماد نظام المنطق الضبابي Short - Term Electrical Load Forecasting For Iraqi Power System Based On Fuzzy Logic System

المستخلص: Load forecasting is used by participants in electric energy generation, transmission, distribution, and marketing for a variety of decision - making processes, such as economic dispatch, unit commitment, hydro - thermal coordination, transaction evaluation, and expansion planning. However, the need for accurate forecasts has intensified in the last decade due to the energy industry deregulation. Taking this into account as well as the rapid fluctuations in demand and abrupt changes in weather condition, access to reliable models for accurate forecast of load demand is essential. Due to the need for accurate load forecasts, numerous statistical and artificial intelligence methods have been proposed for the short - term load forecasting problem.In this study, the Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) method, which is one of the statistical methods, and an Interval Type - 2 Takagi - Sugeno - Kang Fuzzy Logic System (IT - 2 TSK FLS), which is one of the artificial methods and an extension of the conventional fuzzy logic system, were applied. Developed models were trained using the genetic algorithm. With the purpose of an objective assessment, the available dataset was split into training samples (80%, ????????????) and test samples (20%, ??????????). The training data used in this study covered the period from January 1, 2012 to February 1, 2012 for winter season and the period from July 1, 2012 to August 1, 2012 for summer season. The actual load forecasting period started from January 22, till 28, 2012 for winter model and from July 22 till 28, 2012 for summer model.This work suggested two models; the first model was for hourly (24 hour) load forecasting for one day ahead and the second model was for one week ahead in hourly forecasting (from one until 168 hour). For each model, winter and summer seasons were presented. The Main average percentage error (MAPE) term is an index that provides information about the bias of the model and how close forecasts or predictions are to the eventual outcomes. Experiments conducted with real datasets for the Iraqi power system showed that IT2 TSK FLS models precisely approximated future load demands with an acceptable accuracy.The real data for Iraqi power system were taken from Iraqi Operation and Control Office which belongs to the Ministry of Electricity.A computer program, written in MATLAB programming languages, was developed to represent the proposed method.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الهندسة - قسم الهندسة الكهربائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: هندسة الكهرباء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: هندسة الكهرباء والالكترون والاتصالات
اسم المشرف: Firas Mohammed Tuaimah
اسم المؤلف: هدى منهي عبد العباس

تحسين تخطيط المسار للروبوتات المتنقلة والمستقلة بالحركة باستخدام خوارزميات الامثلية القائمة على مبدا التجمعات Improvement of Path Planning For Autonomous Mobile Robots Using Population - Based Optimization Algorithms

المستخلص: Autonomous mobile robots are used in various applications such as dangerous regions. These applications demand robust and adaptable methods for path planning.Path planning optimization problem is a fundamental problem for robot navigation; its purpose is to find a collision - free path from the initial position to a target position. Many real - world optimization problems have become increasingly large, complex and dynamic, which require the development of methods and solutions whose efficiency ismeasured by their ability to find acceptable results within a reasonable amount of time.The Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) and Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) algorithms are used for solving hard optimization problems, including path planning. BFO algorithm is a simple and powerful searching technique. On the other hand, Artificial Potential Field (APF) as a real time obstacle avoidance method is quite simple in theory, but it is easy to bring local minimum problem and failing to find a path in the narrow channel. Therefore, a method for hybridizing APF with BFO is introduced to make use of both methods' advantages. This thesis presents efficient and reliable four optimization algorithms to solve the path planning problem. The first two algorithms are developed based on ABC algorithm as global path planning; they specifically are modified version of ABC algorithm called Directed ABC (DABC) algorithm and a new fitness function added to ABC algorithm named Minimum Angles (MAABC) algorithm was developed. The other two algorithms were proposed based on BFO and APF algorithms as local path planning; they were namely improved versions of BFO algorithm with adaptive step size (ASBFO) algorithm and a proposed version of BFO algorithm with an adaptive tumble (ATBFO) algorithm.The developed algorithms were simulated using MATLAB R2011b package. The simulation results showed that these algorithms could find the shortest paths for even crowded environments. Moreover, these algorithmswere compared with other researchers’ work to evaluate their performance. Additionally, a comparison was made between the executing time of the proposed local path planning algorithms (ASBFO and ATBFO algorithms) and the real tracked military robot (e.g., Talon) to verify the capability of the proposed methods. Both algorithms achieved fast run time, approximately three times faster than Talon for complex environment, which made them practically efficient.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الهندسة - قسم الهندسة الكهربائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: هندسة الكهرباء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: هندسة الكهرباء والالكترون والاتصالات
اسم المشرف: نزار هادي عباس
اسم المؤلف: فرح مهدي علي

تصميم وتنفيذ منظومة مقاييس متوزعة ذكية Design And Implementation of A Smart Distributed Metering System

المستخلص: This work is concerned with designing and implementing a smart energy metering system that consists of two smart energy meters and a billing center. The designed smart energy meter is a single phase meter in which the amount of consumed energy is calculated using PIC18F45K22 (which is a Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC)) and utilizing ACS758 (which is a Hall - effect based liner current sensor Integrated Circuit (IC)).The amount of consumed energy is sent to the billing center (which is implemented by using a laptop) for issuing the bills. The billing center receives the consumption data and sends the switching commands by utilizing an external communication technology. After comparing various communication technologies, ZigBee is chosen for this work.Two smart energy meters are implemented to test various communication conditions, such as multi - hopping. The design of the two smart energy meters differ only in the ZigBee addresses in the network.The program for the PIC's in the smart meters is written with MikroC PRO V6.0.1, while the program for the laptop in the billing center is written with Visual BASIC 6.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: هندسة الالكترونيك والاتصالات
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: هندسة الكهرباء والالكترون والاتصالات
اسم المشرف: عدي عبد اللطيف عبد الرضا
اسم المؤلف: مهند غازي خميس
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