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التباين المكاني لمستويات الخصوبة السكانية وعلاقتها بالصحة الانجابية في قضاءي الاعظمية والكاظمية لعامي (1997 - 2017 == Spatial variation of fertility levels Population and its relationship to reproductive health Justice of Adhamiya and Kadhimiya for two years(1997 - 2017)

اسم المؤلف: وسـن عبد الكـريـم جـبر محمد
اسم المشرف: وسن كريم عبد الرضا
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية البشرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تهدف الدراسة الى التعرف على مستويات الخصوبة في قضاءي الاعظمية والكاظمية وعلاقتها بالصحة الانجابية لعامي 1997 - 2017، ودراسة اهم العوامل الاجتماعية ، والاقتصادية ، والديموغرافية المؤثرة على الخصوبة وبالخصوص تاثير مؤشرات الصحة الانجابية على مستويات الخصوبة .وقد اعتمدت الدراسة على عينة عشوائية ،وزعت على النساء المتزوجات في منطقة الدراسة وكان بواقع (1600) اسرة ، واحتوت(23) سؤالا اشتملت على جوانب متعددة منها بيئة السكن والجوانب الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والصحية، وقد قسمت منطقة الدراسة على ست وحدات ادارية ، كمكا اعتمدت الدراسة على بيانات الجهاز المركزي للاحصاء ، والمستمدة من التعداد العام للسكان لعام 1997 والمسوح الديموغرافية والنشرات السكانية، ولتحقيق اهداف الدراسة استعملت تقنيات احصائية من اجل الوصول الى قياس كمي للمتغيرات.قسمت الدراسة على اربعة فصول : تضمن الفصل الاول المقدمة والاطار النظري دراسة (المشكلة ، الفرضية ،منهجية البحث ،وحجم العينة ،حدود الدراسة ،الدراسات السابقة). اما الفصل الثاني فتناول التعريف بالصحة الانجابية للمراة واهم مؤشراتها ، اما الفصل الثالث فتناول دراسة مستويات الخصوبة على وفق مقاييس الخصوبة المعتمدة ، والتي يمكن اعتمادها للتعرف على التباين المكاني لمستويات الخصوبة السكانية في منطقة الدراسة ، وكانت اهم النتائج التي توصلت اليها الدراسة ولعام 2017 هي ارتفاع معدل المواليد الخام اذ ارتفع بنسبة (10.38) بالالف بحسب الدراسة الميدانية مقارنة بالعام 1997, بينما سجل معدل الخصوبة العام ارتفاعا بنسبة (18.97) بالالف, اما معدل الخصوبة العمرية كان اعلى معدل له في الفئة العمرية (25 - 29) سنة في عام 1997 اذ سجلت نتائج الدراسة الميدانية اعلى معدل لنفس الفئة العمرية , اما فيما يخص معدل الخصوبة الكلية فقد جاءت نتائجه مقاربة لنتائج الدراسة الميدانية, بينما سجل معدل التكاثر الاجمالي انخفاضا بسيطا عن نتائج الدراسة الميدانية بفارق بسيط (0.58) مولود/ امراة, وان نسبة الاطفال الى النساء جاء منخفضا عما كان عليه عام 1997م بنسبة (140.48) بالالف.وتناول الفصل الرابع مؤشرات الصحة الانجابية في منطقة الدراسة فضلا عن الطريقة الاحصائية المستعملة في تحليل البيانات وقد ظهر ان من اكثر العوامل تاثيرا على مستويات الخصوبة هي استعمال وسائل تنظيم الاسرة (موانع الحمل المختلفة). | This study aims to identify the fertility levels in Adhamiya and Kadhimia districts and their relation to reproductive health for the period 1997 - 2017 and to study the most important social, economic and demographic factors affecting fertility in the study area, especially the impact of reproductive health components on fertility levels. The study was based on a random sample distributed to married women in the city of Baghdad by (1600) families and adopted (23) questions which included various aspects including housing environment and economic, social and health aspects. The study area was divided into six administrative units. To the questionnaires on the data of the Central Bureau of Statistics, derived from the 1997 Census of Population, Demographic Surveys and Population Publications. To achieve the objectives of the study, statistical techniques were used in order to achieve a quantitative measurement of the variables. The study was divided into four chapters : The first chapter includes the introduction and theoretical framework (problem, hypothesis, research methodology, sample size, study boundaries, previous studies).The second chapter deals with the definition of reproductive health for women and the most important indicators in Iraq. The third chapter deals with the study of the levels of fertility according to the adopted fertility measures, which can identify the spatial variation of fertility levels in the study area. In the crude birth rate, which increased by (10.38) per thousand than in 1997, while the general fertility rate increased by (18.97) per thousand, The fertility rate was the highest in the age group (25 - 29) in 1997. The results of the field study recorded the highest rate for the same age group. As for the total fertility rate, the results were similar to the results of the field study. (0.58) births per woman. The ratio of children to women was lower than in 1997 (140.48) per thousandThe fourth chapter deals with the components of reproductive health in the study area in addition to the statistical method used in analyzing the data. It has been shown that one of the most influential factors on fertility levels is the use of family planning methods (different contraceptives).

التحليل المكاني لصناعة الاعلاف لمحافظتي بغداد وكربلاء == The Spatial Analysis of Fodder Industry of Baghdad and Kerbala Governorates (A Comparative Study in the Industry Geography

اسم المؤلف: دعاء صباح بدن الكعبي
اسم المشرف: انتصار حسون رضا السلامي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية الصناعية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعد صناعة الاعلاف من الصناعات التحويلية المهمة التي تهدف لاستعمال مواد خام مرتفعة القيمة الغذائية( الحبوب - زيوت نباتية) وتحويلها وتشكيلها الى صورة اخرى اكثر ملائمة للثروة الحيوانية، اذ تعد نشاطا اقتصاديا مهما ذا دور هاما في الانتاج الحيواني فمهما كان الحيوان ذا صفة وراثية جيدة للانتاج وقادرا على مقاومة الامراض والاوبئة في التغذية ان لم تكن باسس علمية لا يستطيع الحيوان ان يعطي انتاجا جيدا، وصناعة الاعلاف صناعة فنية يجب ان تغطي الاحتياجات الغذائية الكاملة في صورة علائق متوازنة من مواد علفية اذ تعمل على تطوير قطاع الثروة الحيوانية ويسهم هذا القطاع ( حيوانات مجترة - دواجن - اسماك) مساهمة فعالة في خدمة البشرية عن طريق توفير المواد الغذائية الرئيسة (اللحوم والحليب) والحصول على منتجاتها الثانوية( كالصوف - الجلود - الوبر - الريش) اي المنتجات غير الصالحة للاكل ونتيجة للظروف البيئية في العراق وافتقاره للمزارع المتخصصة بتربية الثروة الحيوانية اي المخصصة كمراعي طبيعية بالانحسار، وحرمان العديد من الحيوانات المعتمدة على الرعي في الحصول على احتياجاتها الغذائية ونتيجة لذلك بدء التفكير بصناعة علائق لهذه الحيوانات من مواد علفية مركزة بدلا من استيرادها، فصناعة الاعلاف تعتمد على مواد اولية مستوردة ( ذرة - فول الصويا - اضافات علفية) لذلك يكون تطور هذه الصناعة في العراق مرتبطا بتوفير هذه المواد الاولية ولاسيما وان العراق يفتقر لزراعة فول الصويا وباستثناء المنطقة الشمالية ولصناعة الاضافات العلفية (البريمكسات) لذلك تحتاج هذه الصناعة الى تطوير مستمر وهادف للمواد الاولية للارتقاء بهذه الصناعة وجعلها تتنافس مع المنتجات المستوردة لذلك تناول البحث صناعة الاعلاف في محافظتي بغداد وكربلاء وتنميتها من خلال التركيز على التطور التاريخي لصناعة الاعلاف في محافظتي بغداد وكربلاء ومعرفة مفهومها ومراحل انتاجها والمقومات الاساسية لتوطنها وتوزيعها الجغرافي وكيفية نموها وتطويرها في القطاع العام والخاص للمحافظتين، وتسليط الضوء على معامل الاعلاف الخاصة في محافظتي بغداد وكربلاء من حيث بيان عدد المعامل وعدد العاملين وكمية الانتاج وقيمة الانتاج وقيمة مستلزمات الانتاج فضلا عن استعمال التحليل الاحصائي وفقا لبرنامج (SPSS) في عدد المعامل وعدد العاملين وتاثيرهم على كمية الانتاج وقيمة الانتاج وقيمة مستلزمات الانتاج وتوضيح الرؤية الجغرافية المستقبلية لصناعة الاعلاف في محافظة بغداد وكربلاء من ناحية عدد المعامل وعدد العاملين وكمية الانتاج لمعامل الاعلاف وقيمة الانتاج وقيمة مستلزمات الانتاج، وتنميتها في محافظتي بغداد وكربلاء من خلال دعم القطاع الصناعي والزراعي بشكل عام ودعم صناعة الاعلاف بشكل خاص من اجل مواكبة التطور الذي تشهده هذه الصناعة في دول اخرى من خلال توفير كافة مستلزمات الانتاج اي بتوفير جميع متطلباتها من مواد اولية وتحسين نوعيتها بدلا من استيرادها كالذرة بتجفيفها بشكل صحيح عن طريق استعمال افران خاصة وجعلها صالحة للاستهلاك، ومكائن ومعدات كتزويد المكائن التي تعد مصدرا للضوضاء باجهزة عازلة للصوت تعمل على التخفيف من الصوت ولاسيما ماكنة كبس العلف، فضلا عن تحسين مستوى اداء العاملين، وانشاء واعادة تاهيل المعامل التابعة للقطاع العام لصناعة الاعلاف من خلال تسهيل الدعم المادي من قروض مصرفية وغيرها من اجل النهوض بواقع هذه الصناعةلسد احتياجات السوق المحلية دعما للاقتصاد الصناعي والزراعي ( قطاع الثروة الحيوانية) | The fodder industry is considered as one of the important manufacturing industries aiming at using raw materials of high nutritional value (grains - vegetable oil), manufacturing and forming them into another shape more suitable for animal fortune, for this industry is regarded as a significant economic activity of an important role in animal production, because however the animal is of a good genetic characteristic for production and able to resist diseases and infections in nutrition, if they are not through scientific bases, the animal can not give a good production. The fodder industry is a technical industry that should cover the complete nutritional requirements in the shape of balanced provender of fodder materials, which works at developing the sector of animal fortune and this sector (ruminant animals - poultry - fish) contributes effectively in serving humanity by providing the main food items like (meat and milk) and having secondary and sub products like (wool - leathers - daman - feather), i.e. products invalid for eating anddue to the environmental circumstances in Iraq and its lack of farms specialized in raising animal fortune, i.e. specialized as natural pastures by contraction, and the deprivation of a lot of animals depending on grazing from having their food requirements. As a result, thinking of manufacturing provender for these animals of concentrated fodder materials instead of importing them, for the fodder industry relies on imported raw materials such as (corn - soy beans - fodder additives); therefore, the development of this industry in Iraq is connected and related to the provision of these raw materials especially when Iraq lacks the plantation of soy beans except the northern region and lacks the industry of fodder additives (premixes), thus this industry needs a continual and purposeful development for raw materials so as to promote this industry and make it compete imported products. Hence, the research addresses the fodder industry in Baghdad and Kerbala governorates and their growth and development through focusing on the historical development of fodder industry in Baghdad and Kerbala governorates and identifying its concept, its production stages, the basic constituents of its localization, its geographic distribution, the way of its growing and developing in the public sector related to both governorates, as well as shedding the light on the private fodder factories in Baghdad and Kerbala governorates in terms of manifesting the number of factories, the number of workers, the quantity of production, the value of production, the value of production requirements as well as the use of statistical analysis according to SPSS program in the number of factories, the number of workers and their effect on the quantity of production, the value of production, the value of production requirements, and clarifying the - cfuture geographic vision of fodder industry in Baghdad and Kerbala governorates in terms of the number of factories, the number of workers, the quantity of production in fodder factories, the value of production, and and developing them in the governorates of Baghdad and Kerbala through supporting the industrial and agricultural sectors in general and supporting the fodder industry in specific so as to cope with the development witnessed by this industry in other countries through providing all production requirements, i.e. providing all their needs of raw materials, improving their quality rather than importing them like corns by drying them well and correctly using special ovens and furnaces and making them proper for consumption, as well as machines and equipments such as supplying the machines that are considered as a source of noise with sound isolating devices that work at attenuating the sound, especially the fodder compressing machine, in addition to improving the level of employees' performance, establishing and rehabilitating the factories of public sector for fodder industry by facilitating the material support such as bank loans and else in order to raise the reality of this industry to meet the local market requirements in support of the industrial and agricultural economy (animal wealth sector

تحليل التباين المكاني لخدمات البنى التحتية لناحية الكرادة باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية G.I.S == The Spatial Analysis of Infrastructure Services at Al - Karrada District Using the Geographic Information Systems (GIS

اسم المؤلف: مروة عبد الرزاق بعيوي
اسم المشرف: اياد عاشور حمزة الطائي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Taking care of city services and shedding the light on them as the urban growth basis of the city is the responsibility of the geographer, through the study and analysis of the distribution pattern of those services and the manifestation of how they can be developed within the light of the city geographic variables, for the provision of these services efficiently contributes in forming a healthy and sound environment to the city through which the man practices his daily activities which in turn reflects on the development and progress of the city and the fulfillment of welfare to man.The present study searches in (The Spatial Analysis of Infrastructure Services at Al - Karrada District Using GIS), so that it identifies the study problem with the search in infrastructure services using one of the modern geographic research techniques represented by the technique of geographic information systems (GIS). The study hypotheses were laid according to the problem of low level of infrastructure services to the population of Al - Karrada district through establishing a base for geographic data which may contribute in overcoming the problems of the decline of those services in what achieves - cdeliveringthe best services to the population in addition to the researcher's endeavor to define the pattern of service distribution by taking the best decisions to provide the infrastructure services at the study area.Al - Karrada district was selected as a study area for being one of the important urban districts in Baghdad city which saw an increase in population and subsequently an increase in demand on infrastructure services which necessitates the need to shed the light on them and study them in terms of service, thus the researcher focused on the study of infrastructure services by knowing their impact on the population, depending on the field study of the study area and matching the infrastructure services available in it with the population need of these services and their compliance to the reliable standards.The study concluded that there was a deficiency and a shortage in delivering the services, their insufficiency to the population, their incompliance to the reliable standards and their misdistribution which entailed the study to put a collection of solutions to treat this deficiency in the infrastructure services and develop them.

اطلس جغرافي رقمي للانشطة الاقتصادية في محافظة بابل == Atlas Geographic Digital of Economic Activities in the province of Babylon

اسم المؤلف: سيف ظاهر جبر الشمري
اسم المشرف: محمد حماد العاني
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تحتل الاطالس الرقمية مكانة مميزة في عرض الخصائص الجغرافية بخرائط واشكال لما تملكه من عروض بصرية ومعلومات ذات فائدة علمية , ومواكبتها التطور التكنولوجي والعصري حيث جمعت بها بعض عناصر الملتميديا ووظائف نظم المعلومات الجغرافية كلها ضمن برنامج واحد في بيئة سهلة الاستخدام والتطبيق , وانتجت الدراسة اطلسا رقميا تطبيقيا على الهواتف المحمولة تظهر فيه خرائط رقمية للانشطة الاقتصادية لمحافظة بابل اضافة الى خرائط الخصائص الجغرافية وخرائط التحليلات لمنطقة الدراسة في عرض مميز وسهل الوصول من قبل الباحثين وصناع القرار ومرتبط بقواعد بيانات خاصة به بهدف تخزين وعرض واسترجاع تلك البيانات وصولا الى نظام معلوماتي يراعى الدقة والحداثة في البيانات , وبينت الدراسة امكانات محافظة بابل من الانشطة الاقتصادية الزراعية والصناعية والسياحية وطرق النقل والنشاط التجاري وعلاقة الخصائص الجغرافية بتحديدها وتطويرها , وبينت كذلك امكانية برامج نظم المعلومات الجغرافية في اعداد قاعدة بيانات للظواهر الجغرافية ونمذجتها بهيئة رقمية بتوفير اساليب الية ومجموعة نظم وبرامج لادارة ومعالجة البيانات ذات المرجعية المكانية وغير مكانية التي يعتمد عليها للوصول الى القرارات المثلى باستخدام العمليات المنطقية لكشف العلاقات المكانية بين الظاهرات الجغرافية وبكفاءة عالية لتصبح الوسيلة المعاصرة للرقي في اسلوب المعالجة والتحليل المكاني ولتقيم الظواهر الجغرافية والتنبؤ بها لعمل اطلس رقمي ذي مرونة عالية توظف فيه دراسة الخصائص الاقتصادية لمحافظة بابل .واستنتجت الدراسة ان للااطالس الرقمية عروض بصرية عالية ومرونة في الاستخدام ومجالراحبا لتطبيق التمثيلات الكارتوكرافية ووسائله المحددة , وجزء من عرض الخرائط للظواهر الجغرافية .واوصت الدراسة باعداد اطلس رقمي وانتاجه وطني مرتبط بقواعد معلومات وطنية يكون ذا مرجعية لصناع القرار . | The digital atlases have a special place in the presentation of geographic characteristics with maps and forms of visual presentations, interesting information, and the complexity of technological and modern development, where some elements of multimedia and geographic information system functions were combined into one program in an easy - to - use environment. The study produced an applied digital atlas Mobile phones showing digital maps of the economic activities of the province of Babylon, in addition to maps of geographical characteristics and analysis maps of the study area in a special offer and easy access by researchers and decision makers and linked to databases of his own The study showed the potential of Babil province from the economic activities of agriculture, industry, tourism, transport methods, commercial activity and the relationship of geographical characteristics by identifying and developing them. It also showed the possibility of GIS programs in preparing and modeling a database of geographical phenomena In a digital format by providing automated methods, a set of systems and programs for the management and processing of spatial and non - spatial reference data, which depend on them to reach optimal decisions using logical processes to detect the Qat spatial between geographical phenomena and high efficiency to become a contemporary means of paper in the style of spatial analysis and processing and to assess the geographical phenomena and prediction of a digital atlas with high flexibility employs a study of the economic characteristics of the province of Babylon.The study concluded that digital atlases are high - quality visual displays, flexible to use, and a wide range for the application of cartographic representations and specific meansThe study recommended the preparation and production of a national digital Atlas that is linked to national databases that have reference to decision makers

التباين المكاني للقوى العاملة التعليمية في محافظة صلاح الدين لسنة (2016) == Locative variation in the educational work force in province of Salah al - Din in 2016

اسم المؤلف: حيدر كاظم حسن الخزعلي
اسم المشرف: حسن علي نجم الجبوري
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يهدف البحث الى دراسة التباين المكاني للقوى العاملة في القطاع التعليمي الحكومي بكل مفاصله في محافظة صلاح الدين على مستوى الوحدات الادارية فضلا عن معرفة الخصائص الاجتماعية والثقافية والتعليمية لها والمتغيرات المؤثرة في التوزيع الجغرافي للقوى العاملة التعليمية وقد اعتمدت تقنيات واختبارات احصائية تحليلية (SPSS الحقيبة الاحصائية) لاظهار تاثير المتغيرات المستقلة على المتغير التابع لتمثيل الظاهرة تكونت الدراسة من اربعة فصول فضلا عن المقدمة والخاتمة ،وتوصلت الى وجود : التباين في توزيع القوى العاملة التعليمية على مستوى اقضية المحافظة اذ احتل قضاء تكريت المرتبة الاولى بنسبة (32.7 %) من مجموع القوى العاملة التعليمية، وجاء قضاء امرلي بالمرتبة الاخيرة بنسبة (2.8 %) بينما التوزيع النوعي للقوى العاملة التعليمية بلغت نسبته (51.3 %) للذكور مقابل (49.7 %) للاناث.وكشفت الدراسة ان التوزيع البيئي جاء متباينا، اذ بلغت نسبة القوى العاملة التعليمية في الحضر (58.3 %) مقابل (41.7 %) للريف من مجموع نسب المحافظة.وقد تبين ان اعلى نسبة للقوى العاملة التعليمية ظهرت في المرحلة الابتدائية بنسبة (52.5 %)، اما ادنى النسب فظهرت في مرحلة المعاهد بنسبة (1 %) من مجموع نسب المحافظة.وقد اظهرت الدراسة ان القوى العاملة التعليمية من التدريسيين التي شملت من المعلمين والمدرسين واساتذة جامعات قد بلغت نسبهم (71.7 %) مقابل (28.3 %) للملاكات الادارية. ويلاحظ ارتفاع نسبة من يحمل الشهادة البكالوريوس والمعاهد وما يعادلها بواقع (37 ،36.3%) على التوالي. اثبت التحليل الكمي وجود علاقة قوية وذات دلالة معنوية بدرجة عالية جدا بين عدد ملاك التعليم الابتدائي واهم المتغيرات المستقلة (عدد المدارس، متوسط دخل العائلة، متوسط بعد المسافة عن المدرسة) كما اكد التحليل الكمي العلاقة بين عدد الملاك الثانوي واهم المتغيرات المستقلة (عدد السكان الحضر، عدد المدارس، متوسط دخل العائلة)، واخيرا اثبت التحليل الكمي البياني ان عدد ملاك التعليم الجامعي يعزى الى المتغيرين المستقلين (عدد طلبة الجامعة، متوسط دخل عوائل الطلبة). | The research aims at studying the locative variation for educational section of the general section at all its gains in Salah Al - Din province on the level of administrative units. In addition to the knowledge of the sociable and cultural features and it’s educational and active exchanges that are active in Geography distributions for educational work forces. It adopts techniques and tests in statistics analysis (SPSS) to show the action on independent variables on the dependent variable for representing the case. The study includes four sections, in addition to the introduction and the ending and it reaches so important results. The variation of the educational workforce on the level of administrative units in the province, Tikrit district comes first 32.7 % group of educational staff forces. The latest district is Amerly in 2.8 % for females, while the quality distribution of educational workforce reaches 51.3 % for males as opposed to 49.7 % for females.The Study shows that environmental distribution comes variable. The educational workforce in Hatra is 58.3 % as opposed to 41.7 % in countryside of total percentages in the province. It appears that the highest educational workforce in primary stages is (52.5 %), while the lowest appears in institutions is (1 %) of the total in the province.The study presents that the staffs of education - the teachers, the educators and university professors - reaches (71.7 %) opposite to (28.3 %) for administrative units. It can notice that height of percentage is for those who has BSC and institutes and its equivalent in (36.3, 37 %) respectively. The quantitative analysis proves that there is a strong relation of a highly relative significance between the number of primary education staff and the important independent variables (number of schools, the average of family income, the average distance between home and school). The quantitative analysis also asserts that there is a relation between the number of secondary education staff and the important independent variables (the number of urban residents, number of schools, and the average of family income). Finally, the quantitative analysis proves that the number of academic education staff is governed by the two independent variables (number of academic students, the average of students' families' income).

موارد بدر الدين المتوفى (855هـ/1451م) ومنهجه في كتابه عقد الجمان (565ــ628هـ/ 1169ــ 1230م)

اسم المؤلف: فياض احمد زعيان
اسم المشرف: مثنى فليفل سلمان الفضلي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

جوزيف مكارثي ونشاطه السياسي ودوره الفكري في الـولايات المتحدة الامريكية 1908 - 1957 == Joseph McCarthy and His political Activity and Intellectual role in the United States of America (1908 - 1957)

اسم المؤلف: علاء عبد العالي كاظم الطائي
اسم المشرف: بيداء علاوي شمخي جبر الشويلي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعد جوزيف مكارثي من الشخصيات السياسية المهمة والمؤثرة في الولايات المتحدة الامريكية ، لما تركه من اثر كبير في مجمل الحياة السياسية الامريكية بما حمله من افكار وما طبقه من ممارسات عرفت في التاريخ الامريكي بالمكارثية والتي يمكن تعريفها بانها : حركة متطرفة لمناهضة الشيوعية في الولايات المتحدة الامريكية ، والمكارثية مصطلح مرادف لتوجيه اتهامات خطيرة ، لكن دون ادلة واضحة ضد موظفين رفيعي المستوى وكذلك اشخاص في الحياة العامة . كما استخدمت المكارثية مصطلحا اكثر شمولا لوصف الممارسات (السلوكيات) العامة بتوجيه مزاعم كاذبة وتحديدا بممارسة نشاط مؤيد (داعم) للشيوعية . اقترنت المكارثية بالخوف من الشيوعية التي طرحت افكارا ماركسية متطرفة تعتمد مواجهة العالم الراسمالي الليبرالي والدعوة الى تحطيمه وازاحته من الوجود كليا واحلال البديل الشيوعي منهجا جديدا في ادارة العالم الغربي الا ان المكارثية تلازمت بصورة اكبر بما اطلق عليه بالخوف الاحمر الثاني على اساس ان الخوف الاحمر الاول تبلور مع انتصار الشيوعيين في روسيا عام 1917 وهو مصطلح سياسي اطلق على خوف الامريكيين في نهاية عقد الاربعينيات الى منتصف عقد الخمسينيات من النفوذ الشيوعي المحتمل في بلادهم ولم يكونوا يخشون الاتحاد السوفيتي فحسب بل يخشون الشيوعيين الامريكيين واختراقهم المحتمل للادارة الامريكية في محاولة لاسقاط الجمهورية ونظامها الديمقراطي الاتحادي , وقد عمل مكارثي على نشر وتاكيد تلك المخاوف ، اذ منحته الاوضاع السياسية والاجتماعية في الولايات المتحدة الامريكية الفرصة ، باعطائه التسمية الناجعة لقادة الراي العام الامريكي بان الاتحاد السوفيتي العدو الدولي ، والشيوعية تهديد تخريبي من الداخل ، وكانت ظروف البلاد الداخلية مهياة بعد خروجها من الحرب مع المانيا واليابان قبل مدة قصيرة من الزمن ودخولها في حرب باردة خطيرة ابان عقد الاربعينيات والخمسينيات مع السوفييت ، وممزااد من حدة الخوف تقارير وسائل الاعلام التي كانت تتحدث عن التجسس والسياسيين والصحفيين الذين يلمحون الى عمليات قام بها عملاء اجانب في التجارة والحكومة والتعليم وصناعة الافلام واغلب مرافق الحياة العامة الامريكية . بدات المكارثية بصورة فعلية وعملية في 9 شباط 1950 بالخطبة التي القاها مكارثي بذكرى مولد الرئيس ابراهام لنكولن والتي رفع فيها ورقة قال : انها تحوي (205) اسما من موظفي وزارة الخارجية متهمون بالشيوعية ومتهما الرئيس ترومان بالتواطىء وعدم الموافقة على اعفائهم من مناصبهم ، قادت اتهاماته الى سنوات من التحريات في مجلسي النواب والشيوخ ، ووصل مكارثي الى قمة سلطته عام 1953 بفوز الحزب الجمهوري بالرئاسة والاغلبية في الكونغرس وتراسه لجنة العمليات الحكومية الخاصة بالتحقيقات في النفقات الوزارية ولجنتها الفرعية ، لكن صلاحياته لم تستمر لمدة زمنية طويلة ، اذ سرعان ما بدا تراجعه (نهايته) عندما وجه اتهاماته الى وزارة الدفاع في 25 شباط 1954 بايواء عناصر شيوعية ، ادت تلك الاتهامات الى التقليل من هيبة واحترام الوزارة امام الشعب الامريكي ، وعلى اثر تلك الاتهامات فقد شعبيته ، مما دعا مجلس الشيوخ الى تشكيل لجنة للتحقيق معه بشان مزاعمه ، ووجد مجلس الشيوخ ان زميلهم تصرف بطريقة مهينة وتستحق التوبيخ ، فصدر قرار الادانة في 2 كانون الاول 1954 بتجريده من صلاحياته وايقافه عن العمل في اللجان ؛ لان تصرفاته لا تليق بعضو في مجلس الشيوخ الامريكي . خلفت المكارثية عديدا من الضحايا الابرياء وسجن المئات وكان اغلبهم له صلات (ارتباطات) بالحزب الشيوعي الامريكي في مدة ما من حياتهم ولذلك تم استهدافهم، وادراج عدد كبير من الضحايا على القائمة السوداء بما في ذلك الممثلين والمؤلفين وناشطين في الحقوق المدنية وعلماء واغلب شرائح المجتمع الاخرى . وقبل الخوض في نشاط مكارثي السياسي ودوره الفكري في الولايات المتحدة الامريكية في المدة موضوع الدراسة ، وجب اثارة عدد من الاسئلة ذات علاقة بمكارثي ومنها : هل كان للوسط الاجتماعي او الانحدار الطبقي والعائلي والتعليم وممارسته المحاماة والقضاء والخدمة العسكرية اثر في تكوين شخصيته ؟ والى اي مدى كان تاثيرها ؟ وما اسباب فوزه بعضوية مجلس الشيوخ ؟ وكيف كان اداؤه في المجلس ؟ ودوره في الجانب التشريعي ؟ ولماذا اهتم ببعض الجوانب التشريعية من دون سواها ؟ ما هي الاسباب والنتائج ؟ ما اراؤه السياسية في مشروع قانون تقنين السكر وقانون الاسكان ؟ ولماذا كان الشيخ الاكثر اثارة في الجانب الرقابي وما هي اسباب تدخله في اغلب القضايا ومنها التي لم تكن من صلاحياته او لم يكن مسؤولا عنها ، ولم يكن عضوا في لجانها ؟ وكيف تمكن من جعل صوته اعلى من تقرير لجنة مالميدي (Malmedy Committee) ؟ وما اسباب تمسك مكارثي بالشيوعية واتخاذها هدفا لاتهاماته التي قام بتوجيهها الى عدد كبير من الموظفين وغيرهم ؟ وكيف تمكن من استغلال الاوضاع التي كانت تمر بها البلاد من اجل تحقيق مكاسب شخصيه له ولحزبه ؟ ولماذا بدا باستهداف وزارة الخارجية دون سواها ؟ ومن الجهات التي كانت تمده بالمعلومات ؟ وهل كان لمكتب التحقيقات الفيدرالي (FBI ) دور في اتهامات مكارثي ؟ وكيف تمكن بدهائه السياسي من جعل قرار لجنة تيدينغس (Tyding) دون فائدة على الرغم من انه بين ان اتهاماته لوزارة الخارجية لا اساس لها ؟ وما الاسباب التي ادت الى تعاظم نفوذه وقوته ؟ وكيف تمكن من اقناع قادة الحزب الجمهوري بترؤسه لجنة العمليات الحكومية ولجنتها الفرعية وما الغاية من ذلك ؟ والى ماذا كان يسعى مكارثي من خلال استهداف اذاعة (صوت امريكا) والفنانين والفنانات والمكتبات ووزارة الدفاع ؟ وكيف كانت نهاية مكارثي والمكارثية ؟ جاءت فصول الاطروحة للاجابة على الاسئلة المطروحة وغيرها ، متوخين اتباع اسلوب التسلسل الزمني في عرض موضوعات الاطروحة ، وتم اختيار عام 1908 بداية لموضوعها كونه العام الذي شهد ولادة مكارثي في حين كانت وفاته في 2 ايار 1957 نهاية الاطروحة . اشتملت خطة الاطروحة على مقدمة واربعة فصول وخاتمة وملاحق ، بحث الفصل الاول نشاة مكارثي وسيرته المهنية حتى عام 1945، اذ احاط مبحثه الاول بمعرفة الوسط الاجتماعي الذي عاشت فيه عائلته الفلاحية . وركز المبحث الثاني على مكان ولادته ونشاته ، وظروف تعلمه وكيفية تبلور شخصيته وحصوله على شهادة القانون ، واكد المبحث الثالث على ممارسته المحاماة والقضاء وسيرته المهنية وكيفية معالجته للقضايا التي يتم عرضها عليه ، في حين ضم المبحث الرابع سيرته العسكرية والاهداف المرجوة منها . اما الفصل الثاني فتطرق الى نشاطه السياسي 1946 - 1949 . وخصص المبحث الاول لدراسة حملته الانتخابية وفوزه بعضوية مجلس الشيوخ . اما المبحث الثاني فقد افرد لدراسة نشاطه في مجلس الشيوخ . في حين كرس المبحث الثالث لدوره في الجانب التشريعي والافكار التي تم طرحها من اجل تشريع قانون انهاء تقنين السكر ومشروع قانون الاسكان . اما المبحث الرابع فقد درس نشاطه في الجانب الرقابي ودوره في تحقيقات لجنة مالميدي . وكرس الفصل الثالث لدراسة تبلور المكارثية ومحاربة الشيوعية 1950 . فتناول مبحثه الاول اسباب معاداة الشيوعية وظهور المكارثية . وفي المبحث الثاني سلط الضوء على وزارة الخارجية الامريكية ووطاة المكارثية . اما المبحث الثالث فقد ناقش اسباب تحقيقات لجنة تايدنغ وتقريرها . في حين خصص الفصل الرابع لدراسة المكارثية في التطبيق 1951 - 1957. فجاء المبحث الاول لدراسة تعاظم نفوذ مكارثي . اما المبحث الثاني فركز على تحقيقات لجنة العمليات الحكومية ودور مكارثي فيها والتي طالت اتهاماته اذاعة صوت امريكا والمكتبات والفنانين والفنانات ووزارة الدفاع . اما المبحث الثالث فقد افرد لبيان اسباب نهاية مكارثي والمكارثية . في حين جاءت الخاتمة موضحة اهم النتائج التي تم التوصل اليها . بناء على ذلك ولحصول الباحث على مجموعة متنوعة ومختلفة من وثائق الكونغرس الامريكي ووزارة الخارجية الامريكية ، التي حاول الباحث من خلالها استقراء دور مكارثي بالدرجة الاولى ، ولاسيما المنشورة تحت العنوان الرئيس : - (United States Department of State / Foreign Relations of the United States , 1952 - 1954 ) الموجودة في المكتبة المركزية في جامعة بغداد (الجادرية) وفي مكتبة وزارة الخارجية العراقية (بناية الوزارة) ، اذ رفدت الاطروحة بمعلومات مهمة في الفصلين الثالث والرابع ، اذ اعطتنا فكرة واضحة وجلية عن نشاط مكارثي السياسي ودوره الفكري ، اذ حوت معلومات دقيقة وتفصيلية عنه ، سيما اراء المسؤولين الامريكيين ووجهات نظرهم في واشنطن ، الى جانب ما حوته هذه الوثائق من تصريحات وبيانات ورسائل المسؤولين الامريكيين ، وبذلك هيات الفرصة للاجابة على كثير من الاسئلة التي تتعلق بنشاطه السياسي ودوره الفكري ، وحاول الباحث جهد الامكان استعمالها بصورة علمية محايدة ، ومتفاوتة من فصل لاخر علما انها وردت مجموعات مختلفة . وكان للوثائق المنشورة في مكتبة الرئيس ترومان اهمية كبيرة لمعرفة مواقف واراء السياسيين بشان اتهامات مكارثي والمنشورة في الموقع الالكتروني : http : //www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/mccarthyism/index.php ولا يخفى ما للرسائل والاطاريح من اهمية كبرى في رفد الباحث بمعلومات موثقة ودقيقة للاوضاع الداخلية والخارجية للولايات المتحدة الامريكية للمدة موضوع الدراسة . تاتي في مقدمتها اطروحة الدكتوراه للباحث احمد عبد الواحد عبد النبي الحلفي التي حملت عنوان (الرئيس الامريكي هاري ترومان واثر مبدئه في العلاقات الدولية 1945 - 1953) فقد افادت الاطروحة في الفصلين الثالث والرابع كذلك اطروحة الدكتوراه للباحثة ايناس سعدي عبد الله , المعنونة (الحرب الباردة , دراسة تاريخية للعلاقات الامريكية - السوفيتية 1945 - 1963 كوبا نموذجا) ، واطروحة الباحثة رغد فيصل عبد الوهاب نقاوة , المعنونة (سياسة الولايات المتحدة الامريكية تجاه اوربا الغربية في عهد الرئيس الامريكي هاري اس. ترومان 1945 - 1952 (دراسة تاريخية سياسية) اذ افادة الباحث في الفصلين الثالث والرابع لدراستهما الاوضاع السياسية العالمية في المدة موضوع الدراسة . ومن المصادر الاخرى الكتب العربية والمعربة التي تنوعت عناوينها ومؤلفيها سيما تلك التي تحدثت عن شخصية مكارثي ، او التي تتناول السياسة الامريكية ، واهمها كتاب (السناتور جو مكارثي) لمؤلفه ريتشرد هـ . روفيرى . واعتمد الباحث في معلوماته على النسختين العربية والانكليزية لوجود فارق كبير بينهما وعدم ترجمة اغلب صفحات الكتاب بعد مقارنة النسختين . وكتاب (المكارثية والمثقفون) لمؤلفه اريك بنتلي الذي اعطى معلومات عن تحقيقات لجنة النشاطات غير الامريكية ، وغيرها من الكتب التي اغنت الاطروحة بالمعلومات المهمة ، لانها حَوَتَ معلومات قيمة حول نشاطه ، اما الكتب الاجنبية فقد رفدت الاطروحة بمعلومات مهمة وعدت ركيزة اساسية في مصادر الاطروحة ، اذ اعتمد الباحث عليها بشكل كبير ابتداء من المرحلة الاولى لحياة مكارثي حتى وفاته ، وياتي في مقدمتها كتاب (تاريخ العالم من عام 1914 الى 1950 - World History from 1914 to 1950) لمؤلفه ديفيد تومسن (David Thomson) وكتاب (جوزيف مكارثي اعادة فحص حياة ولادت شيخ امريكي الاكثر كراهية - , Joseph McCarthy : Reexamining the Life and Legacy Of Americas Most Hated Senator لمؤلفه ارثر هيرمان (Arthur Herman) وكتاب ديفيد اوشنسكي (David M. Oshinsky) (المؤامرة الهائلة جدا عالم جوزيف مكارثي - A conspiracy So Immense : the World of Joe McCarthy) الذي شَخص جوانب عديدة من حياة مكارثي . ولم تهمل الدراسة الافادة من البحوث والمقالات المنشورة في الكتب الاجنبية التي كانت سباقة في نقل سيرة مكارثي ، واهم الاحداث في حياته المهنية ، اذ زودت الباحث بمعلومات مهمة. كما اعتمد الباحث على الموسوعات العربية والاجنبية وشبكة المعلومات الدولية الانترنت في الاطلاع على الوثائق المنشورة والكتب والمقالات العربية والاجنبية على حد سواء ، التي تضمنت معلومات مهمة عن افكار مكارثي السياسية . واخيرا ارجو من الله العلي القدير ان اكون قد وفقت في هذه الاطروحة التي اتمنى ان تشكل اضافة للدراسات العربية القليلة التي تعنى بهذه الموضوعات ، واضع هذا الجهد المتواضع بين ايدي اساتذتي الفضلاء شاكرا جهودهم القيمة في تثبيت ملاحظاتهم التي ستعزز القيمة العلمية للاطروحة ، فلهم مني شكري وتقديري وجزاهم الله عني خير الجزاء ، وما توفيقي الا بالله رب العالمين | The American Senator Joseph McCarthy is an important and influential political figure in American political life from 1950 to 1957, because he left a great influence on the entire American political life by establishing what is known in American history as McCarthyism, which can be defined as : The United States and McCarthyism are synonymous with serious accusations, but without clear evidence against high - ranking officials and even people in public life. McCarthyism was also used as a more comprehensive term to describe public practices by making false allegations and specifically by supporting pro - communism. The chapters of the Dissertatiion came to answer the questions and others, and we wanted to follow the chronological method in presenting the topics of the thesis, and was chosen in 1947 as the beginning of the subject of the year was the election of McCarthy as a member of the US Congress, while his death on May 2, 1957 end of the thesis. The first part of his dissertation includes the introduction of four chapters, a conclusion, and an appendix to the first chapter of McCarthy's career and career until 1945. His first topic covered the social milieu in which his family had lived and which had returned from the peasant families. The second topic focused on the place of his birth and origin, the conditions of his learning and how to crystallize his personality and the third degree on the practice of law and the judiciary and his professional career and how to deal with the issues that are presented to him, while the fourth section included his military career and the desired goals. Chapter II deals with McCarthy's political activity 1946 - 1949. The first topic was devoted to the study of his campaign and his victory in the Senate. The second topic was devoted to studying his activities in the Senate. While the third topic devoted to its activity in the legislative aspect and ideas that were put forward for the legislation of the law to end the rationing of sugar and the draft housing law. The fourth topic examined his activities on the supervisory side and his role in the investigations of the Malmedy Committee. The third chapter devoted to the study of the crystallization of McCarthyism and the fight against communism in 1950. His first topic dealt with the causes of anti - communism and the emergence of McCarthyism. In the second part, he highlighted the US State Department and the impact of McCarthyism. The third topic discussed the reasons for the investigation and report of the Tidings Commission. Chapter IV was devoted to the study of McCarthyism in the application 1951 - 1957. The first topic was to study McCarthy's growing influence. The second topic focused on the investigations of the governmental operations committee and its role in which the charges ranged from Voice of America radio, libraries, artists, artists and the military. The third topic was devoted to explaining the reasons for the end of McCarthy. While the conclusion was the most important results reached. Accordingly, the researcher obtained a variety of documents from the US Congress and the US State Department, which motivated the researcher to study McCarthy and his intellectual and political role in the United States of America in order to find out the hidden facts about him. Finally, I ask Allah Almighty to be successful in this Dissertation , which I hope to be an addition to the few Arabic studies dealing with these subjects. I put this effort in the hands of my distinguished professors, thanking their valuable efforts in establishing their observations which will enhance the scientific value of the . Allah rewarded me with the best reward, and my compromise except Allah the Lord of the worlds

العلاقات السياسية التركية - الايرانية 1923 - 1945 == Turkish - Iranian Political Relation 1923 - 1945

اسم المؤلف: صادق فاضل زغير الزهيري
اسم المشرف: عفراء عطا عبد الكريم الريس
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Relation of turkey and Iran, which are Important and Strong Countries In the Middle - East , date back To Thousands years ago, The relations which characterised sometimes with tension sometimes with friendship have caused an inevitable interaction between the two countries throughout history. The choice of this topic was motivated by the importance of The role that these two countries play in the middle East Especially on the arab countries, including Iraq , and the great in Fluence of their policies in the reqion as a whole. The two Countries which Confronted with each Other Due To the Reasons such as Political/ Idealogical tension, geo - Strategical Rivalry, economic hegemony and religious Contraveysy In the Past, have started to get Closer to Each other since the owerthrown of the Kachar dynasty In Iran. In improving the relations of the Two States the Nationalist Charismatic leaders who have been the Main actors in Change and westernisation Policies, have Played Very important roles. Thus, The Contraversies Between The Two Countries Have Been Solved And The Relations have been Placed A solid legal Ground, ending the suspieion and Prejudice Characterised The relationships between the two states for Along Time. The Common Security Concerns Aspiration for Economic Social Development And Nationalist Modernist Aprroaches Have Forced Each Country To Cooperate with the Other One. Moreover, The Necesity for cmmon Combat Against Seperatiet Kurdish Movement which Thretaens both States is Anather factor which Affect the Two Countries' Relations. In The Process which Foreign (Outsider) Actors Have Also Involred, The Two States Recognised That If They Develop Peaceful Agreement And Cooperation Instead of Rivalry And Conflict, It Would Be more In Farour of Them, And They Shape Their Relations Accordingly. The Have Sustained This Policy as Long as Internal And External Factors Let to do So and They have Taken Place In Regional Cooperations, actin Together. The First Part of the Introductions Between the Two Countries from the Beginning of the Twentieth Century Until 1925, he Reviewed the Nature of the Relations Between the Countries And The Entry of the Ottoman forces Into Iranian Territory During the First world war, The Turkish Support of the Iranin Revolutionary Movements, The Diplomatic Contact Between the Two countries And the Courese of Their Political Relations, And Issue of Declaring the Republic In Iran. The Second Chapter Reviewed the Turkish - Iranian Treaty of 1926, The Problems of the Kurds on the Border And the Seduction of the 1930. The third Chapter Deals with Turkish - Iranian Agreements In 1932, And Reza Shah visit to Turkey in 1934. The Fourth Chapter Dealt with the Relations Between the Two Countries in the Period 1923 - 1945, The Turkish Policy In Iran's foreign Policy Relatians, Especially with Afghanistan And iraq, The Saadabad Charter, the Position of the Two Countries on world warII, and Turkey's Position On the Soviet - British Occupation of Iran.

الحياة العلمية في اقليم فارس في عهد المغول الايلخانيين من منتصف القرن السابع الى القرن التاسع الهجريين

اسم المؤلف: جعفر صادق عبد الامير المياح
اسم المشرف: سعاد هادي حسن الطائي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: N0 longer study the history of the Mongols not smooth for most researchers and scholars , Ntra to the lack of historical sources Arabic , most of the books a bout them are historians more or leave ,especially that lived through their stage historical, and that the researcher finds it difficult to translate their history and audit events that have affected significantly change the Islamic world map . the optional subject of the study was the desire to me to look for writing new historical and characterized as difficult , to move away from the familiar and prevent the recurrence of maketbearlier ,which helped me to optional subject is my study of history in the year preparations , as it made clear I have a lot of things Vague and faulty about their history , we were we hear very little about their history and which has been associated Boam Genghis Khan( d .625 AH/1227 AD ) , or his grandson Hulaqu( d .663 AH/1265 AD) and what they have done from the rubble here and there during their battles and campaigns martial expansion plans , and this is out the question in history in general , what is failure wars of destruction and devastation is unknown for all nations and peoples ,whether in Islamic history or modern , especially since the a Mongols did not embrace Islam officially only in the reign of Sultan Ghazan (694 - 703 h /1295 - 1304 um ) But who reads the history of the Mongols carefully will find they have followed a policy of to lerance with all the peoples subjected to them , especially after it united Genghis state and make them uniform law of their systems and those around them from the peoples of the pastoral to the peoples of the civilized was civilization combination of several civilization Arabic ones and Turkish , Persian ,with a diversity of religions ,which has become a matter of course ,impact positively change their lives and contributed greatly to their integration with Saub Adh . otodh this matter by attracting Genghiskhan and his children and grand children for most cultivated elements and efficient , regardless of their gender, or their identity , or language , or religion , but that mostly Kano Muslims whether Arabs or Persians ,or Turk ,and had their clear imprint in drawing the Mongol empire land marks . Hence the importance of the optional protocol to the subject of the Mongols scientific life ,intellectual and cultural before they convert to Islam after embracing H.Kadd underwent Mongol domination of people seizing control it is intended here to dominate is not a military or politics ,but the scientific, cultural, and this is what I,ve ever had in my study those that have faced the difficulty great for the large number of sources and the large number of scientists in different scientific and humanistic competence and intellectual in the province of fares and through the control of the Mongols , with the establishment of scientific institutions and teaching of various kinds, before he declared bsultan Ghazan Islam is the official religion of the Mongols ,and the increased interest in scientific life after embracing him ,but that AlaaKhant Mongols themselves were lovers of poetry and science and scientific and other ,Vostqtaboa around them the most important scholars and writers races and different religions promise ,but that a number of them were senior ministers and princes ,governors ,and they enjoy wide powers competed by AlaaKhan Mughal himself ,as they realize their importance and experience of a administrative, scientific, DAI and Muslims were great prestige . this Mongols succeeded ,especially after their conversion to Islam in the development of the foundations of a strong empire vast ,and it was the founding of the Mongol nation by Huluqu in Persia year (651 AH/1253 AD) a critical juncture in their history ,as it affected significantly its people from Muslims , Vochttaiwa them and integrated them ,and shares this it is to important know ledge on the principles of Islam and its teachings , Voatnq large number of them to Islam ,and not only after that was Eilkhaniah Mongols in Persia belonging to the Khan Azam ,became an independent state boasts features diverse civilization prestigious characterized by all other countries ,and when he became Islam is the official religion of the Mongols in Persia increased radiance of civilization and made Mongols civilized nations subservient to Islamic civilization it or not . It is worth mentioning that there are a number of academic studies on the territory of Persia during the Abbasid era ,which ,province c of Fars since the Arab - Muslim conquest until 218 AH/833 AD study in the conditions of geographic , economic and administrative super star reformer ,life scientific in the province of Fars years (454 - 656h / 1062 - 1258 AD) for Sabrin Baha Abodul Redha , and this study is a complimentary letter ,as well as message and Atarih promise addressed the scientific life and intellectual in a number of cities in the Muslim East during Al abasi .Oaguetdt ago study is divided treatise to boot ,and four chapters ,preceded introduction we touched them to the importance of the subject the dimensions and the analysis of the most important sources and reference and then followed by an epilogue that is the overall findings of the study ,and then followed by a list of supplements that included a number of maps of the region of Fars and location , followed by a list of sources and reference ,and a summary of the thesis in English .We pointed out in the preface , titled (province of Fars geographical boundaries and the most important cities ) to the label and the border of the region of Persia ,the most important Orhan ,and we dealt with a brief summary of the founding of the Eilkhaniah Mongols (651 - 756 h /1253 - 1355 m ) and the most important rulers ,which are summarized and explained their resumes and Alssayash . otdmn the first chapter is marked by (boom scientific life in the province of Fars ) Mbgesin factor s ,the first section was entitled (the impact of Islamic civilization and interesting Alaakhanat Mongol science and scientists ) we dealt with the impact of Islamic civilization on the Mongols Alaakhanian ,which shows through the acquisition of the most prominent d manifestations due to mixing with the population and their integration with them ,and Arzina attention Alaakhanat Kaveh Mongol science and clarify this matter by scientists with an interest and passion for a number of science . the second topic titled (the establishment of educational institutions and the holding of scientific councils in the province of Fars) we dealt with the most important scientific centers and teaching in the province of Fars , both founded during the Abbasid period (132 - 656h/749 - 1258m) lasted until the reign of the Mughal Alaakhanian as well as centers that was founded in their reign ,such as first : mosques , mosques ,and secondly : schools, Third : connectivity ,fourth : Gorges , and V.angles ,Sixth : Libraries and cabinets ,which included Amhoaal libraries ,Seventh ,Scientific councils ,most notably the boards of dictation and Alastmlae, boards debates ,councils Aloed and reminders ,and their impact on the development of scientific life in the province of Fars through the testimony of scientists and science students of ammunition and by Agaymh .ama Chapter II is marked by (trips and their impact on the prosperity of the scientific life in the region Faris ),which included two sections ,covered in the first section ,titled : ( significance of the scientific trips and cultural exchange between the cities of the Muslim world)which dealt with first : the importance of scientific trips ,and second months scientists province of Fars, who departed to the cities of the Muslim world ,Arzina through it on the importance of scientific trips to these scientists in support of scientific life in the province of Fars through cultural exchange with the cities of the e Muslim world .And I pointed out in Section II, entitled (after trekking scientific scholars of the Islamic world in the development of scientific life in the a region Knight)reminded us of the months of the Islamic world's scientists who had come to Fars province ,and benefited from the sciences through their meeting with scientific councils Ver .otdmn the third quarter marked (flourishing religious sciences and intellectual in the province of Fars and most famous scientists)which dealt with first : science readings, and secondly ,science interpretation, Third : modern science ,Fourth : science of jurisprudence, V.aware of the statutes ,Sixth : science assets ,which we pointed out to the attention of most of the province of scientists Fares to familiarize themselves with this science to their importance they sought to study and teach and Mrthalin in order to study the origins and Fruaha .mn which included the second topic, which came the title(the evolution of intellectual science in the province of Fars and Aerha to the prosperity of the scientific life in the cities ), the task of science and hobbled through the First : Knowledge of mysticism ,and secondly : theology ,and Thirdly : philosophy ,Fourth aware wise, Fifth ,logic , and Arzina which mentions the importance of the science and the most important scientists who were interested in The fourth quarter is marked by (the evolution of language and the humanities in the province of Fars and its impact on the world of science in the cities),consisted of three sections ,the first section ,titled (blossoming of Arabic Language Science in the province of Fars and most scientists ) I through to the task of science ,including first Language Sciences, F second : Knowledge of grammar , and Third : Scientific literature, Fourth : hair, V. prose, Sixth : rhetoric and oratory ,and we dealt with most important scientists who Nbgua this science and the most prominent compositions in which, while the second part ,titled (after flowering humanities the art in enriching scientific life and support in Fars province) included several major ones : first : the science of history ,and secondly : knowledge of geographical and Third : genealogy and men , lV aware of the line , V. aware of engravings and photography ,Sixth : Musicology and sing points, Arzina here the importance of the science and its impact on the development of scientific activity in the province of Fars and the most prominent of excelled where scientists ,and track of them in the lives of students Alalm .oachert in the third section Mosomb (the importance of the development of mental science in support of staff of scientific life in the province of Fars ) to the first : the science of medicine and secondly : zoology or veterinary , and thirdly Pharmacology , fourth : arithmetic ,V .algebra and interview ,Sixth : geometry Seventh : Chemistry , Eighth : physics , IX : astronomy ,stars ,Tenth : Food science , and explained here the attention of scientists studying these various sciences to their importance in the humanitarian and scientific aspect as well .

القبائـل العربيـة فـي صعيـد مصر واثرها في الحياة العامة (358 - 567هـ/969 - 1171م) == UPPER EGYPT'S ARAB TRIBES& THEIR IMPACT ON GENERAL LIFE (358 - 567 AH/ 969 - 1171 AD)

اسم المؤلف: احمد عواد عطشان طعان الزيدي
اسم المشرف: ناجي حسن هادي الموسوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study discusses (Upper Egypt's tribes and their impact on general life from 358 - 567 AH /969 - 1171 AD). The topic of the study has a considerable importance, as Arab tribes played an important role in the life of Upper Egypt life. They considerably contributed in social, political and economic fields of life during the Fatimid Era. The study is comprised of a preface, an introduction and three chapters. In the preface I talked about the historical geography of Upper Egypt, whereas in the introduction I discussed the conditions of Arab tribes during the Ikhshidid era. The study is of three chapters. Chapter one deals with (the social life of Arab tribes in Upper Egypt). Chapter two discusses (the political impact of Arab tribes in the Upper Egypt during the Fatimid era). As for chapter three, it studies (Economic activities of Arab tribes in Upper Egypt during the Fatimid era). The study demonstrated a division in the stances of the Arab tribes concerning the Fatimid entering to Egypt. We find that Quraysh supported the first attempts of the Fatimid to come to Egypt through receiving the Fatimid heralds, the Fatimid missionary activities and gaining supporters from Arab tribes in Upper Egypt. Other Arab tribes, on the other hand, opposed the entering of the Fatimid to Egypt, especially Kilab tribe, as one of this tribe led a revolution against the Fatimid in Upper Egypt to retain Egypt to the Abbasid Caliphate which was run in Baghdad. I also discussed the role played by Rabi'ah tribe and its leader Abu al - Makarim Hibatallah's role of capturing the Umayyad insurgent Abu Rakwa who led an insurgency against the Fatimid authority by the support of tribes such as Qarra, Kilab and Zanata. The study, also, demonstrated the role of the tribes of Hilal and Saleem in opposing the attempts of Al - Mu'izz ibn Badis, the ruler of Africa who attempted subordination out of the Fatimid Caliphate

مؤسسة الحسبة وتطورها في بلاد الشام : دراسة تاريخية من القرن الاول حتى نهاية القرن السادس الهجري == Organization of the calculation and developed her in countries of Al - Sham Historic study from horned first the century corroded Sixth Hijra

اسم المؤلف: علي هادي ناجي العجيلي
اسم المشرف: علي عطية شرقي الكعبي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2019
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: AL - Hesba of the calculation and developed her in countries of Al - Sham Historic study from horned first the century corroded Sixth Hijra. Address of the chapter was first he general look in organization of the calculation and inclusion of four topics the topic first : Organization of the calculation is understandable her, and her legitimacy and her importance. Inclusion of four claimants concentrated on organization of the calculation understandable and adequate convention aalqraan and the age.The topic second : Development the founded calculation in the era Islamic and inclusion of three claimant whymu'sst the grown - up calculation in era the prophecy and the succession then the oriental thought for the founded calculation in aal'islaam.'amaa the topic third and as to his address organization of the calculation in the era the emus, as for the topic fourth losing organization of the calculation in the era Al - Abbasi concentrated onAs for the chapter second his disassemblies of address is role calculated in organization the calculation inclusion of three topics first bases of choice concentrated on calculated and the second criteria followed for his choice and the topic is union members of the founded calculation last helpful identicals waalme'aawnwn.'imaa the topic third : Losing included workplace calculated and his registers. Clothes of clothes calculated and arranged his.Either the chapter third losing was his address the historic development for organization of the calculation end of the era corroded aal'aywby , and inclusion of six topics first organization of the calculation in the era aalTwlwny and the topic second organization of the calculation maabyn eras between aalTwlwnyyn waalaaxshydyn, and third organization of the calculation in countries of Al - Sham in the era aal'ixshydy and fourth organization of the calculation in countries of Al - Sham during the faatmy era and fifth : Calculated in the period between falling faaTmy and entering aalaaywbyn countries of Al - Sham and sixth organization of the calculation In countries of Al - Sham in the era aal'aywbyThe chapter comes fourth and last where applied concentrates astride while role hangs in calculated losing was complete choice of examples from position calculated in organization the calculation and inclusion of the chapter five topics first position hangs in calculated in the domain religious and the topic second position calculated while the third domain economic and the topic hangs in position calculated while the fourth domain social either the topic hangs in so indeed her position concentrated on calculated in the domain healthy either the topic fifth so position be interested in calculated while domain hangs in constructive and the analgesic.Then last and pursued and the sources and the returns The endTo this study showed several conclusions summarizes her baalaaty - 1Simple origin originated the calculation in beginning her matter shaanhaa at that Sean all position in the scientist Islamic, yet that she independent position in her does not harbor alternatives w'inmaa was mere matters in known and his kernels about repudiated .2 - Other than indeed the calculation occupied standing in the language, so she poisonous than the satisfaction, and means the good arrangement, and the satisfaction means : Ugly denial the work and the calculation from the account in meaning of accounting was formed the breath or accounting aalGyr, or accounting of Allah rose for the people. 3 - The calculation originally to Islamic sources returns her her basis aalqraan generous and modern honorable, losing increased the Quranic miracles and the prophetic interviews which orders known and ends about repudiated.

البناء الفني في ادب ابن حريق البلنسي == Artistic Building In Literature of Lbn Hareeq Al Andlusi

اسم المؤلف: امير ساطع عزت اوجي
اسم المشرف: نوري كاظم امنسف
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الادب
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The literature considers one of the most prominent heritages that the Arab nation prides it, so we must pay attention, studied and published. Literature is the most prominent manifestations of the culture of peoples. My admiration in Arab literature push

الشعر الجاهلي في ضوء الانساق الثقافية : اللامنتمي اختيارا == Pre - Islamic Poetry In The Light of The Cultural Structures - Marginal Choice

اسم المؤلف: نبا باسم رشيد
اسم المشرف: احمد عبد حسين الفرطوسي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الادب
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Kicks off this research destination, which calls its cultural patterns in poetry reading ignorant as to the nature of the treatment sought by cultural criticism requires more careful to refrain from the silent and expose what is going on in the Arab cultu

دراسة الصرف العربي في هدي علم اللغة التاريخي

اسم المؤلف: وسام مجيد حسن البناء
اسم المشرف: عبد الرحمن مطلك وادي الجبوري
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

الدلالة القطعية والاحتمالية في القران الكريم == Deterministic Semantics And Probabilistic Significance In The Holly Qur'An

اسم المؤلف: زهور كاظم صادق زعيميان
اسم المشرف: ولاء صادق محسن الاسدي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The importance of this research in the detection of objects in a sign of some verses from the Holly Qur'an and some of the possibilities that arise on the language of the Holly Qur'an in terms of novel or evidence of significance. This study was on the f

صـفات الله تعالى وادلتها عند محمـد مهـدي النراقي في كتابــه جامــع الافكار وناقــد الانظار == God (To Be He Exalted) Attributes And Its Proof Upon Mohammed Mahdi Al - Naraqi In His Book Jameh Al - Afkar And Naqid Al - Andhar

اسم المؤلف: هبة ابراهيم خالد خليل
اسم المشرف: هاجر دوير حاشوش
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: العقائد
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Divine attributes of key verbal issues, one of the issues that are very serious and critical, which requires a lot to avoid wading in which this study has dealt with the attributes of god (to be he exalted) and the main proof for Sheikh Mohammed Mehdi Al - Naraqi ideas in his book" JAMEH ALAFKAR and NAQID Al - ANHDARWhere discussed Sheikh Al - Naraqi's theory of god attributes and his analysis and verifying it's proof as a model of mental and philosophic school of thought. Divine attributes of mothers verbal issues, one of the issues that are dangerous, which requires a lot to avoid wading in which this study has addressed the attributes of God Almighty and the evidence for Sheikh Mohammed Mehdi Alnraca ideas in his book collector and critic of sight. Deals with this subject Sheikh Alnraca theory attributes of God in resources, analysis and evidence in relation to his ideas collector and critic attention as a model of school mental. The paper consists of three chapters preceded by an introduction and followed by conclusions that sum up the study. An introduction deals briefly with philosophy and the most important cosmic visions which dealt with ideological issues in the first topic the topic the second topic deals with a brief summary of Sheikh Al - Naraqi's life and works. The first chapter shows how to prove the described character and the divine attribute. The second chapter is concerned with the meaning of god attributes The third chapter sheets light on the attributes of god (to be he exalted) and the its proof as Al - Naraqi has discussed The study has come to the following findings : 1. Sheikh Al - Naraqi is one of these who follows transcendental wisdom school, which is based on the Koran and the proof and gratitude his philosophy is to complement the philosophy of Al - Mutalhean ( theologizes) 2. Sheikh Al - Naraqi has interpreted his own way about so many phenomena, and presented solutions to many of the problems that have been of controversy and dispute.
الملخص:
المصادر:

المنهـج الاثــري عنـد البحراني في تفسيره البرهان == Heritage Race For Al - Bahrani In Explanation Of Al - Burhan

اسم المؤلف: يسرى جلوب مدلول المسعودي
اسم المشرف: نضال حنش شبار الساعدي
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم القران
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: In this study, being highlight on the most vital topics in Islamic history, and holds the Quran from a position of respect for Muslims & sanctify it, the extent of the relationship between the Koran and the Muslim man, and derive it from the foundations and beliefs and are inspired by verses that fit him matters of religion and worldly, and how he was able Quran that jumps believers giant leaps in terms of thought and behavior and cultural building and content internal to humans, and thus has made them a nation and compromise a witness to the creation, and the monument of workers by allies of God at home, and arguments on the slaves, and this has a Quran interest of Muslims of various sects the methods, if erect his efforts of scientists from every doctrine collection of the finest scientists and specialists to study and go into the midst of concepts and meanings, has been demonstrated for the Shiites forehand honor to contribute to clarify its meaning and questioning verses revealed facts and demonstrate concepts, and competed proudly to enrich the Islamic library, including countless of interpretations that will remain the pride, appropriate time, and eternity. So it engrave the feather lots tenders, and traveling immortal and blessed tree to bear fruit, while every male Well praise & beautiful. This research going into the midst of the events witnessed atheist century AH, the stage represented news intellectual growth summit Shiite front, it was composed in this period, a large interpretive and modern groups, including what thousands of interpretation is proof explanation in science, to one of the great scholars of his time, the Scientist Al - Said Hashim bin Suleiman bin Ismail bin Abdul Jawad bin Ali bin Suleiman Al - Bahrani Al - Husseini Al - Topale Al - Ketkane (died on 1107 a. c. - 1685 a. h.), the doctrine anterior leader in Al - Bahrain at the time, has carried out the collection of the sayings of all that the impact on the household (peace on him), so counting explained complete the fictional interpretations of Imam Shei'a. So, the fundamental to appoint that the research methodology to be divided as follow : Introduction, preliminary, and three chapters, followed by the conclusion for the most important results, as follows : Then spoke in the forward of the about the Hadeeth, the status of the holy Quran and its role in the structure and clarify verses creams, and then instructed to study the archaeological approach in its definition and origin and all its accessories, followed by the chapter one has been divided Al - Hadeeth in to two topics, the study of four demands talked about the life of Al - Said Al - Bahrani and his environment are shown culture, migration and stages of his elders and his students and scientific stature and the most important writings. The second chapter is divided talk it into two sections included the first section four demands provided for the case of the political, social, cultural and scientific age that lived Al - said Al - Bahrani The second section of the second chapter talked about the dimensions of the curriculum archaeologist at the applicants and when latecomers and describe the overall impact of the curriculum archaeologist in the books interpretation.Chapter three, annexation of the two demands and three sections archeological side which dealt with the interpretation of the evidence, while the second section has included three demands dealt with in the first requirement affected vulnerable, and the second requirement which was a statement of what impact of Al - Said Al - Bahrani, after that the conclusion, and models for this vulnerability, the third requires include the scientific value of the approach archaeologist in the interpretation of Al - Said Al - Bahrani, and after the finale, which included the most important results are shown in which capacity Al - Said Al - Bahrani through addressed to multiple doors in his interpretation that saves us intellectually and linguistically heritage huge, demonstrated through intelligent interpreter of scientific & thoughts, in demonstrating the desired effect of the Quran text and the appropriate statement Quran verses precious as counting interpreted the model of interpretation, Al - Said Al - Bahrani and analysis in the spirit of high scientific objectivity and tendency outstanding, through trading books other and diligence in the nomadic and travel for the purpose of finding precious and taking them to be able to comprehensive knowledge of the collection and tabulation of the conversations
الملخص:
المصادر:

المصطلح الكلامي عند الامامية : دراسة وصفية == The Theological Term According To Imamia : A Descriptive Study

اسم المؤلف: يسرى علي مشفي الموسوي
اسم المشرف: سناء عليوي عبد السادة
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم القران
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The works of Imamia theologians on the theological concepts represent a huge product which indicates these scholars' care of the theological term and their preservation of the product of Ahlu Albait (peace be upon them) School. They left us a great heritage which cannot be overlooked; however, it would be a difficult task to consider it all. It would be more useful and practical to designate one aspect of that heritage and study it thoroughly. Thus, it was necessary to investigate the theological term as a basic prelude to the Islamic thought, which cannot be ignored as a condition to reach reliable scientific findings which are compatible with the great efforts of the scholars of Ahlu Albait School.The importance of the theological term urged the researcher to make scientific efforts to define and study the terms objectively. These efforts involved making a comprehensive inventory of Imamia theological terms, classifying these terms into fields which were studied in detail.Each term was defined linguistically and idiomatically taking into consideration the chronological treatment of the term as it revealed its authenticity and temporal value. Besides, the term was traced from its coinage throughout its development which gave us a chance to look closely at theology through its terms and be informed of the different views about that term. The development of the term and its meaning, in terms of the additions and changes it underwent in different ages, was also investigated for the sake of a clear understanding of the theological terms which serve as the key path to theology.The study faced many difficulties such as the multiplicity of concepts a scholar assigned for a term and the long time span the study covered, i.e., from the coinage time of the term throughout the development which extends to centuries, which required collecting resources and understanding them in terms of the time of their writing. The study falls into three chapters preceded by a preface and an introduction and followed by an appendix of terms and a conclusion as well as a bibliography.The first chapter is entitled "Terms of Judgments and Substances". It consists of two sections : the first section deals with terms of substance judgments while the second section deals with terms of substance descriptions.The second chapter is entitled "Terms of Accident Types ". It consists of two sections : the first section deals with terms of accident types while the second section deals with terms of accident cases. The third chapter is entitled ''Terms of Sciences and Beliefs". It consists of two sections : the first section deals with terms of science while the second section deals with terms of beliefs
الملخص:
المصادر:

التوراة في احاديث الائمة المعصومين (عليهم السلام) : دراسة موضوعية == The Torah In The Says Of The Infallible Imams (Peace Be Upon Them)

اسم المؤلف: نورا حسين علي
اسم المشرف: سلامة حسين كاظم | ندى عبد الله خليل
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم القران
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: It was necessary to have the Prophet (Allah bless him and his family) and his grand - imams who entrusted them the task of carrying the teachings of the Islamic message and dissemination should be aware that the heavenly books that was revealed by the holly Quran.Hadith and sayings of the infallible Imams have shown (peace be upon them) possessing the previous heavenly books copy was handed down from the sky before it reached by the hand of distortion.One of those books (Torah), which confluence mentioned in the says of the infallible Imams, citing its provisions and stating times, and by the protesters of faith acknowledged him at other times.It was as wealth mentioned the word Torah (the holly book of Judaism) in the says of the infallible Imams (peace be upon them) phenomenon deserves to stand then, and fathom. This is what prompted me to attempt monitoring conversations in which the mention of the word of the Torah and try studying according to a method of recent curricula.It settled the matter after having consulted specialists to address my dissertation (the Torah in the says of the infallible Imams (peace be upon them) as my objective study.
الملخص:
المصادر:

ظاهرة الرق في ضوء علم الاديان المقارن == The Phenomenon Of Slavery In View Of Comparative Theology

اسم المؤلف: نصير كريم كاظم الساعدي
اسم المشرف: سلامة حسين كاظم الموسوي
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: اديان
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study included preliminary Study and five chapters and a conclusion.The section in which the primer has thrown light on the title, and included the first two axes : determine which dealt with the phenomenon of slavery relationship with the knowledge of the meeting, and second, to determine the concept of slavery.And Chapter I dealt with the historical roots of slavery under slavery in the title of civilizations, and included a study of civilizations that have embraced the religions under study.And Chapter II have been faithful to the study of slavery in the Jewish religion, and contains the first three sections for historical slavery in Jewish philosophy and the second on the texts of slavery, and third sources and the conditions of the slave.The third chapter was about slavery in Christianity and included three sections followed the same methodology in the Jewish quarter.The fourth quarter was about slavery in Islam, and complied with the previous chapters the same methodology.The fifth chapter : for comparison among the three religions, to stop the shared vision between religions and the position of this phenomenonAt the conclusion of each end of the trip, and after such a long journey in which the steps converged in ancient civilizations, and major religions, show us some of the issues : 1. It turns out that the phenomenon of slavery characterized by large importance, most of the evidence presented Humanities if not all to study this phenomenon.2. The social phenomenon of slavery, deal with the debt problem needs to be solved, embarking its provisions, conditions and systems, and to develop them to their emancipation laws.3. through the study of civilizations in which originated the three religions, shows that the phenomenon of slavery is rooted in history, is an integral part of the structure of those communities, and that the slave was an active role in the prosperity of those civilizations or collapse.4. The Mesopotamia first civilizations of the world legislation to thin, and on the shoulders of the slave erected edifices pyramids in Egypt, and Greek philosophers Velsvo slavery through divided humans into free and slave, the Roman fondness wars is what made them more world civilizations acquisition of slaves, and nose Bedouin Arab from craftmanship and his overbearing, paid for the acquisition of a slave.5. faced religions slave problem : - The Jewish people, the first victims of slavery, and then pushed the doctrine of God's chosen people, ethnic and excellence, and their texts, to accept slavery others. - The large number of texts and legislation of the phenomenon of slavery, the most important features of the Jewish religion, there is no religion in it matched. - Racism accompanied the legislation to distinguish between the Hebrew slaves from foreign, and reflected on his treatment. - Born Christian of Jewish womb, and did not stray too far reported in ) he was a Jew, did not?the area of legislation, and declared Jesus ( come to abolish the law, Vetohd their position with the Jewish position of the slave phenomenon, Fajla New Testament of the legislation of the thin, having Kvahm Old Testament subsistence so. - Paul was to enter Christianity, and the emergence of the church, the greatest impact on Christianity to accept slavery, which because of them turned to the Christian religion believes in slavery, yet that was the religion of ethics and equality. - Rejection of the population of the Arabian Peninsula, and neighboring nations to invite the Prophet Muhammad (), dye the history of Islam defensive wars, which produced the problem of prisoners and exiles, this problem which needed of the Prophet legislation her, Vvady some of them and the others, and eavesdrop captivity, and fought caliphs ( Radwan God be upon them), and no Muslim rule after them, the Islamic conquest battles, and produced the prisoners and captives of the fate of slavery, and differed Mvkroa Islam in the cause of passport enslaved captive between reliance on the biography of the Prophet (), and between the treatment of the enemies of Islam similarly. - Islam followed in the liberation of the slave style staging, for fear of the collapse of the state system in the case and sent them away at once. - Did not appear in the Qur'an any express provision allows slavery, and all what is listed as texts begin their sentences for them and regulate their conditions, and to let the gentle in their treatment, and encourage Atgahm.God Almighty and ask to make us among those who said : Cliques : 18, and Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, prayer and peace be upon the best creation of Abu al - Qasim Muhammad, The God of the good and virtuous
الملخص:
المصادر:

دراســة موازنــة بين تفسيري (مواهب الرحمن) للســـيد عبـــد الاعــلى الســبـزواري والشيخ عبد الكريم المدرس (بيارة) == The Study Of Balance Between The Interpretation Of "Mawahib Al - Rahman" For ( Abdullah Al - Bazwari) And Al - Shaikh Abdulkareem Al - Mudaris

اسم المؤلف: نجلاء مولود عبد الله
اسم المشرف: نضال حنش شبار الساعدي
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم القران
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study of Quran texts have been hugely concerned over by the Muslims since they are the speech of Allah and His light on earth along with His Right Path. The Muslims have paid huge concern on reading and preserving these Texts that being varied based on the different levels and intellectual abilities in addition to the mental trends. All these things contribute into uncovering the meaning of al - Quran either by the Quran indications itself or by the Texts of Quran recited by Mohammed " Messenger of Alah " and infallible Imam ( peace upon him). this resulted onto appearing such studies and many researches ; besides , taking many different texts and interpretation trends according to its intellectual schools that transparently indicated their abilities for getting deeply into Quran Texts and uncovering the precious things that are not ceased , but continued generation after generation. This research comes as to join other studies dealing with the interpretations of some interpreters. But, actually this study is distinguished from other studies since it shows two schools at one time which is " the study of interpretation of MAWAHIB AL - RAHMA" written by Abd Alah Al - BIzwari and Al - Shaikh AbdulKareem Al - Mudaris". The research includes and introduction, and two chapters in addition to the conclusion : The chapter one : consists of three parts , the first and second parts assigned for summary translation for the life of both along with their methods in their Book where I have showed the balance between these two interpreters depending on many references. The chapter two : composes of three parts , the first part deals with the balance between these two interpreters into functionalizing the interpretation and the second part the balance between the two interpreters and functionalizing the interpretation by opinion and the third part in which I have explained the balance between the interpreters in respect to the researches of Quran Sciences.
الملخص:
المصادر:

ايرادات الدولة بين المنظور الاسلامي والقانون الوضعي : الضرائب المالية انموذجا

اسم المؤلف: منال عبد الحسين سلطان القصير
اسم المشرف: مياس ضياء باقر القزويني
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم القران
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
الملخص:
المصادر:

دور الدين في السياسة الاقتصادية اليهودية المعاصرة - السياسة الزراعية في فلسطين انموذجا == The Religious Impact In The Contemporary Jewish Economic Politics Agriculture In Palestine As A Sample

اسم المؤلف: احمد طعمة ماضي الجابري
اسم المشرف: عقيد خالد حمودي العزاوي
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم القران
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: After the clarification of the main points in the beginning of Judaism and its establishment and the phases of the intellectual development and the reasons that had an active role in the change of the intellectual direction in addition to the sources upon which the Jewish conception has been built and its impact in their policies especially the economic policy where that was very apparent through the size of the economic impacts that were imposed on the Palestine economy through devastating the most important basics of economic development by destroying the agricultural economy in Palestine. We would like to mention the most important results that we have reached in this very research : 1. Employing the religious side and arousing the religious motivation in the Jewish to come back to Palestine. 2. The disqualification of the Jewish to establish a country because they do not have its basic factors for they all come from different areas and there is no harmony among the components of the Jewish society hence all their attempts came to failure.3. It is only religion that sustains the Jewish because they take of it as a frame to all their attempts whether on the social, economic or political sphere. 4. The teachings of Talmud are the clearest picture for the Jewish state of mind, yet it is revelation to the bottom of their hearts.5. All false pretenses of Jewish in the association to prophets are false claims. 6. The Torah that Allah sent down to Moses has been lost and the Torah that they have has been falsified by Ezra.7. The religious deviation of the Jewish has been a vital factor in the establishment and continuity of the Zionism where the religious conceptions were used and integrated with plans and political goals of which the occupation of Palestine.8. The devastation of Jewish for the Palestinian agricultural sector by seizing the natural resources such as confiscating the land and seizing the water resources.9. the act of Jewish for the demographic change of the Palestinian land through the Judaization of Jerusalem as a beginning to the Judaization of all the Palestinian land. 10. The Jewish have weakened the Palestinian economy by enclaving the productive and operating capacities by a set of economic policies such as seizing the water resources and transfer part of the water resources to the neighboring countries. We recommend all the learners including the economic ones to concentrate in all sectors in particular the agricultural sector for its importance in the development of societies and the building of self - sufficiency so that we can stand out in front of all the challenges that the global Zionism has been planning for toppling the Islamic Sacristies.
الملخص:
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النقد التفسيري عند الطاهر ابن عاشور (ت 1393هـ) في تفسيره التحرير والتنوير == Monetary Interpretative When Taher Ben Achour (D. 1393 AH) In His Interpretation Al - Tahreer And Al - Tanweer

اسم المؤلف: مرتضى عبد الامير محمد السهلاني
اسم المشرف: سناء عليوي عبد السادة
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم القران
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This research is marked aims to (progress interpretative when Taher Ben Achour (d. 1393 AH) in the interpretation of liberation and enlightenment) to study the remarkable phenomenon in most blogs explanatory, a phenomenon dubbed in Koranic studies modern term (interpretative criticism), through a statement linguistic meaning and idiomatic vocabulary that make up this term, then the statement of the criteria based on which the cash and exclude or accept opinions previous explanatory, and then study some of the models applied by topics. An explanation (liberation and enlightenment) Sheikh Mohamed Tahar Ben Achour Applied Ecology for this search; being one of the interpretations characterized by abundant cash opinions, objective and subtraction to the opinions of other commentators. And necessitated the nature of the research that consists of an introductory chapter, three chapters spearheaded an introduction, followed by the finale, where the introductory chapter included definition vocabulary title search, distributed on two topics, which included the first definition of cash interpretative additional compound and the statement of its obligations and its roots, while the second ensures definition Batahir Ben Achour and interpreted. The first chapter, including the most important criteria that often underlie the commentators in their criticism of the views of other commentators divided into four sections, singled out the first of a statement Quranic standard report, while the second included novelist standard, while the third Fajts statement linguistic standard, the standard Makassed Vtdmenh fourth section. The second chapter is subject to study applied to models in the field of the Koran Sciences distributed on four of those science singled out a statement each independently Study, which is (etiology down) and (flag burner and copied) and (science readings Quranic) and (Mecca and civil science). The third chapter, has included three sections first study singled out some of the models applied in the field of language, while the second was in doctrinal matters, while the last section included with respect to word problems. It followed the above conclusion codified in the search results and some of the recommendations, followed by a list of sources and references helper in search
الملخص:
المصادر:

الماركسية والراسمالية في المنهج المقارن للسيد الشهيد محمد باقر الصدر (قدس) : دراسة فكرية == The Comparative Method When Mr. Martyr Mohammed Baqir Al - Sadr In The Criticism Of Marxism & Capitalism

اسم المؤلف: محمود عبد الحسين عبد علي الثعالبي
اسم المشرف: ثائر ابراهيم خضير الشمري
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الفكر الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على الحبيب المصطفى محمد الامين وعلى اهل بيته الطيبين الطاهرين الهداة المهديين وعلى صحبه المنتجبين الغر المحجلين الذين ساروا على هديه وكانوا له كظله وعلى من تبعهم وسار على نهجهم الى يوم الدين...السيد رئيس لجنة المناقش | With the beginning of the twentieth century, the invasion of the Islamic world torrent of cultures and currents of intellectual Western - based foundations of civilization and concepts about the universe, life and society, and it was on top of these cultures and intellectual currents (capitalism) and (Marxist) and who has both a great political system and controls a wide area of the world , even Aqtzma the world into two parts (Camp Western capitalist) and (the eastern socialist bloc), and has among the intellectual and political struggle at the expense of the Islamic nation and its existence intellectual and political special This was the Western attack suffered by the Muslim world from the two camps mentioned of such magnitude and ferocity, almost that the registration of a landslide victory to their advantage and rob the intellectual and cultural identity of the Muslim community.However, this did not materialize and the father of Islam, but the strong and resonant his say in the realm of this bitter conflict, unbeaten his sons fervent and his horsemen brave thinkers of Islam, Sunni and Shia for Haadh criticism of these two systems and refute, and the most prominent of these intellectuals (Mahmoud Talqani in his book Islam and property ) published in 1944, and (Saied Qutb in his book Islam and Capitalism) published in 1951, and (Mohammad Hossein Tabatabai) in his book (the foundations of philosophy and doctrine realistic) published in 1953, and (Mohammed al - Ghazali in his book Islam and curricula socialism) published in 1954, and ( Said in his book Communism and Islam) published in 1961, and (Abdul Hamid Siddiqui) in a metaphor (the interpretation of history), published in 1969, and (Mohammed Baqir al - Sadr) in the group literature confined between (1958 - 1979), but these intellectuals money will not live up to criticize Mr MartyrMohammed Baqir al - Sadr.Moreover, these money were not so depth and amplitude, while the RPR criticism Martyr Sadr depth and capacity and inclusiveness, so that you do comprising the one book, but spread to a series of books made up of several episodes singled each episode a particular aspect of cash and both currents to form a so cash compared to them versus Islam. And not only this, but moved Martyr Sadr Islamic thought from the defensive to the offensive in this conflict, and being sentenced distributed among the huge buildings of Islamic Sciences to the theoretical phase crystallized in a position to answer the problematic era, and we can not overlook or ignore his these Islamic thinkers , but we see that his martyr Sadr from his criticism of Comparative (capitalism) and (Marxist) has a privacy methodology and intellectual excelled all his other Islamic thinkers, have pointed to this Privacy number of researchers, as the Martyr al - Sadr does not pays tribute to the intellectual construction but After criticism and scrutiny of ideas and theories anxious to provide (Islam) viable solution and the only one, and despite the advantage of its idea (holy), but he still suffers marginalization, although there are several studies on the thought of the martyr Sadr, but specializes in the cash method study amounts to the level of global thinking (holy) as I know is still not available, God only as presented by Dr. (Nazih Hassan) in her book (Mr. Mohammed Baqir al - Sadr study in the curriculum) and that it tried to discover the public monuments to the method of the Martyr al - Sadr, so you can count our attempt this first of its kind in the Islamic academic studies in Iraq, it is not surprising that fractured shortage and marred by bugs.The nature of the research topic has required that the thesis is divided into four chapters and an introduction unprecedented as well as pave the conclusion at the end, we reviewed the most important results.We have also served in the boot by entering into chapters thesis statement in three important aspects, I. Statement meanings (comparative approach) and (critique) language and idiomatically, and in the second - we define it brief life my intellectual Martyr al - Sadr, and we in the third - to provide a brief definition (b capitalism ) and (Marxism), and as the (capitalist) were not based on a philosophical explanation of the universe and life as between this martyr at the beginning of writing (philosophy), so ensure chapters (I and II) a statement on the philosophical foundations of Marxism and criticism of the Martyr al - Sadr in return for Islam, and to ensure (Chapter III) a statement of the martyr Sadr economic critique of Marxist and capitalist doctrine versus Islam, and the (Chapter IV) a statement criticizing (sanctified) the social system for both of them versus Islam.After this round of labor and after the completion of God we have this modest treatise, in the light of what we have in the folds Find despite myopia and lack of knowledge, we review the key findings of the researcher of the results and perceptions derived from them are as follows : First, the advantage of the comparative method in cash at the Martyr al - Sadr, if embarked on a cash project in the same philosophical foundations (of Marxism), beginning the theory of knowledge basis in philosophy - and finite sense philosophical to the world compared to the concept of the Islamic philosophical world view and his theory of knowledge, this criticism and completed the demolition of construction Economic and goal (distribution of wealth) in both isms (Marxist) and (capitalist) demonstrating the fairness of the Islamic economic doctrine in the distribution of wealth, and finally seal the monetary project on the social systems of both installed invalidity of each of (the socialist system) and (Communist supposed) and ( democratic capitalist system), demonstrating that the Islamic social system is best suited for the happiness of mankind. Second, it proved through comparative approach in cash on epistemology failure when Marxism, (visualization and ratification,) and it is not for the experience and dialectics ability to knowledge and information corresponding to the reality revealed, proving that is consistent with the proof is what you go to him (the theory of yanking Islamic) in perception, mental doctrine is the basis for access to knowledge ultimate sanctioning and has the ability to prove metaphysical issues and attainable uncertainty in philosophical knowledge and matching the idea of objective reality through what he called (self - denomination) in knowledge.Third : Mortgage (sanctified) through a comparative approach in cash on the invalidity of the philosophical concept of the world at Marxism, and its belief in materialism of the world and its interpretation of the phenomena and incidents on the basis of the internal contradiction that (article) is the origin of the world and the actor real to him, and that the movement of history according to (historical materialism) dialectic and the inevitability and ruled by economic factor, installed Islamic vision existence of a deeper behind the objective reality reason that the incidents and phenomena - cause - linked necessary relationship (the attic), and that (God) is the first reason for the existence of the world and the actor real to him, and that the movement of history and evolution are in accordance with the word of God (Constants Divine), which ruled that the will of the human and selected a large role in making history.Fourth : characterize the monetary approach originality and comprehensiveness, if the uniqueness of (holy) from Muslim philosophers in his critique of the philosophy of Marxism and approach, and this is not preceded by the one not of providers in their criticism of Greek philosophy, nor of my interlocutor in their criticism of the philosophy of Marxism.Fifth : characterized his approach on my own in the discovery of the Islamic economic doctrine and especially (the distribution of pre - production) and the creations of the Martyr al - Sadr, so it was a critique of a distribution of wealth in both isms Marxist and capitalist four sections (the distribution of pre - production, production, distribution of post - production, warranty social.Sixth, began comparative approach in the criticism of the distribution of wealth in both isms Marxist and capitalist distributes pre - production - natural sources of wealth - proving sanctified) the doctrine of economic Marxist failure of two phases (socialism, communism assumed) in the distribution of this wealth through nationalized and make collective ownership, as well as the failure of the capitalist economy goes to him in the distribution to the private property on the basis of the existing economic freedom.Seventh : quickly loves Marxist faith that the result of the Imam of production pick criticism Martyr Sadr form of distribution relationships, and the one who showed well as the invalidity of the capitalist economic doctrine in targeted wealth development for its own sake, and reached through the price system watershed trading on the production process, and demonstrating (holy) We are in separate distribution relationships of the form of production, and the development of production and increase it be for the purpose of achieving the welfare of the community and satisfy the needs of its members.Eighth : proven Arrows criticism made by the (Holy) to the distribution of post - production - produced wealth - in both isms Marxist and capitalist, poor distribution of the doctrine of economic Marxist to this wealth by giving - Image Item (depending on the work) stage of socialism and (according to his needs) in stage of communism, and the injustice of this - Image Item in economic doctrine capitalist equating other elements of production (taxation, and profit, and the proceeds, and interest), and justified interest as the result of the risk, and demonstrating (holy) that justice in Islamic Economic go to him to grant factor produced wealth whole, and the bonus paid (for land and other production tools), to dispel them and consumed for its contribution in the production process.Ninth : proved his critique (sanctified) the failure goes to Marxist economy as (social security) is really the machine for sustained it and its continuation, but at a certain stage of history, and when they reach the production large - scale production phase is really the social security for individuals and a necessary condition as a result of the evolution of the machine and increase its production and the state is the only ones that function as security and funded by including of taxi factor, proving that justice in going to him the Islamic economy as (social security), both (the right of the group in the sources of wealth) a human right based on brotherhood and compassion for humanity, and it is the duty of the state and the individual together and trying them all According to the investigative capabilities and ability, and the field that he exercised the (need for) their role in the distribution of wealth.Tenth : the comparative method characterized by force and argument applied foundations of cash and stages on the proposed solution to the problem, through to treat (holy) gaps which occurred opponent was not able to solve them.Eleventh : the Martyr al - Sadr in his approach cash Comparative a model real Islamic thinker, as Masanobu Fukuoka, the views of senior Muslim scholars (Sunnis and Shiites) and of different persuasions, made his approach in theorizing the Islamic economy strong penetration, and his criticism of the discount can not be his response and response to that storm However, one of Islam.Twelfth : Martyr Sadr seal approach comparative in the criticism of Marxism and capitalism on the social systems, proving the invalidity of the socialist regimes, the Communist supposed that they the result of the economic factor, and the failure of the system (democratic and capitalist) based on individual freedom and limited the limits freedoms of others, proving that the Islamic social system is not Magistrate human Delight.Thirteenth : characterized by systematic creativity and intellectual originality, as the creations of the martyr Sadr's Department of freedom another split four - division her allowance, which is personal freedom and that relate to the behavior of the individual and collective freedom, which include the respect of the individual within the group, either intellectual originality, it stands out in its drafting (the Islamic social order) in which the individual has not separated from society as in the system (democratic capitalist), and did not permanently in the community, as in the two systems (socialist and communist), but rather to make the existence of a necessary community of the individual was not the individual is separated from the spiritual part, and his relationship with his God
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