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الاباحة والمنع في تعبير نهج البلاغة : دراسة دلالية في الالفاظ والتراكيب == Allowance and Prohibition in Terms of Nahjul-Balagha: A Semantic Study of Vocabularies and Structures

Author name: تيـسـيـر قاسم عـطية
Supervisor name: فاخـر هاشم الياسـري
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

المنقوشات الشعرية في المراقد المقدسة : دراسة في ضوء البلاغة المرئية == Poetry Engravings in Holy Shrines: A Study in the Light of Visual Rhetoric

Author name: اسامة حسين شاهين
Supervisor name: سوادي فرج مكلف
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

الضرورة الشعرية بين الانزياح والرخصة == The poetic necessity between displacement and license

Author name: احمد عبد الكاظم علي هوني الجبوري
Supervisor name: سامي علي جبار المنصوري
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

منهج الشيخ محمد بن الحسن الشيباني الامامي (ت : 642هـ) في كتابه : (نهج البيان عن كشف معاني القران == SHIEKH MOHAMMAD BIN AL - HASSAN AL CHIBANI'S APPROACH IN HIS BOOK "AL BAYAN APPROACH FOR EXPOSING QURANIC MEANINGS

Author name: مرتضى صباح صيوان الحسون
Supervisor name: حامد ناصر عبود الظالمي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: فان التدبر بمعاني القران الكريم، والتمعن في جميل مقاصد تعبيره، والوقوف على معرفة مناهج تفسيره من اجل غايات الدارسين، وسنام مطامح الباحثين، وكانت دراسة الحرف القراني حلما يراود الباحث منذ صباه، وشرفا تليدا طالما تمناه، وقد تهيات له فرصة المحاولة لنيل ذلك الشرف، باسناد مهمة البحث في منهج احد مفسري القران الكريم، الا وهو الشيخ الجليل : (محمد بن الحسن الشيباني الامامي)، صاحب (نهج البيان عن كشف معاني القران)، الذي عاش في النصف الثاني من القرن السادس الهجري وردحا من النصف الاول من القرن الذي يليه، وكان قد اهدى تفسيره هذا الى خزانة المستنصر العباسي، وكان كتابه واحدا من الكتب القلائل التي نجت من التلف والحرق الذي نال المستنصرية وخزانتها - انذاك - ابان غزو المغول لبغداد سنة 656ه. الذي كشف للباحث عن وجود هذا التفسير المبارك، وحثه على دراسته، وارهق عزمه على التنقير والتنقيب والبحث في طياته ، ووفر له نسخة منه هو استاذنا المفضال الاستاذ الدكتور حامد ناصر الظالمي، الذي يعود اليه الفضل كل الفضل في اختيار موضوع هذه الدراسة، فوجد الباحث ان هذا السفر الكريم حقيق بان يجهد الطالب فيه نفسه، ويسهر لاجله ليله ، ليكشف ملامح نهجه، وكوامن درره، ويعرف ويعرف بالمنهج الذي اتبعه المصنف في عرضه لاي القران الكريم وتفسيرها، ثم ان هذا الموضوع فيه من الثواب الجزيل والذكر الجميل ما فيه، ولولم يكن للباحث مبتغى في دراسته سوى ثواب النظر الى حروف القران الكريم لكان ذلك غاية المنى، كيف وقد جاء موضوع البحث متلائما مع هدف الباحث ومبتغاه في ان يسجل لاسمه ذكرا في سجل من حاول وسعى لخدمة القران الكريم وعلومه؟! سار الباحث متوكلا على الله تعالى في انجاز مهمته، ومحاولا تقديم رسالته الموسومة بـ(( منهج الشيخ الشيباني الامامي في كتابه نهج البيان عن كشف معاني القران)) كجزء من متطلبات نيل شهادة الماجستير الى مجلس كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية في جامعة البصرة، وساعيا الى ان تكون هذه المحاولة خطوة جادة لان ياخذ هذا البحث بحبوحة في رفوف المكتبة العربية، ويزعم الباحث ان هذه الدراسة هي الاولى من نوعها التي تطرقت الى البحث في منهج الشيباني في تفسيره - مار الذكر - فلم يسبقه احد في البحث عن حياة المصنف ومنهجه ، ولا ينكر الباحث ان هناك دراسات عديدة تناولت موضوعات مشابهة في استعراض مناهج المفسرين وعلماء معاني القران الكريم، لكنه لم يجد - على حد اطلاعه احدا تعرض الى منهج الامامي سوى الشيخ محمد هادي معرفة، في (التفسير والمفسرون في ثوبه القشيب) ، الذي تطرق الى استعراض سريع للمنهج لا يتجاوز صفحة واحدة زعم فيه انه تابع للتفسير بالماثور، غير ان للباحث رؤية اخرى مفادها ان موضوعه في معاني القران الكريم .( )وقد واجهت الطالب صعوبات وعوائق اثناء بحثه وتفتيشه، كان ابرزها ندرة المصادر ولا سيما تلك التي تتكلم عن حياة المصنف وعصره، فضلا عن كون الموضوع بكرا لم يتطرق احد قبلي وانعدام النصوص التاريخية التي تنص على ولادة المصنف ونشاته ووفاته، ويضاف الى ذلك ان النسخة المطبوعة والوحيدة لم تحقق بشكل جيد ولذلك حاولت الحصول على النسخة المخطوطة حتى تهيا لي ذلك بالعثور على نسخة مودعة في خزانة مجلس الشورى الايرانية ، فكانت ملاذا امنا للبحث في اغلب الاحيان التي يجد الباحث فيها هفوات تحقيقية لا يمكن للنص ان يتسق في ظلها.ومها يكن من امر فقد نهج الباحث في دراسته هذه المنهج الوصفي، وتارة تحول الى المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وجعل رسالته في مقدمة وتمهيد سلط الضوء فيه على حياة المفسر وعصره، وبيان ملامح شخصيته، وثلاثة فصول مرتبة على النحو الاتي : الفصل الاول : تضمن نظرة عامة في الكتاب وتطرق الى الموراد والمصادر التي اعتمد عليها المصنف في تفسيره، فبدا بذكر الموارد المعتمدة عند الشيباني(قدس سره) وسلط الضوء على موضوع التفسير ونمطه وتوصل الى انه في معاني القران لا تفسيرا بالماثور كما تصوره بعضهم، ثم شرع بسرد المصادر التي اعتمد عليها وكانت نوعين : (الاعلام الذين اخذ عنهم فبدا الباحث بذكر المعصومين عليهم السلام، ثم باقي الاعلام مرتبا ذكرهم على اساس سنوات وفياتهم، ملمحا في الهوامش الى تراجم بعض منهم ممن ذكر بكنيته او لقبه واعرض عن تراجم من اشتهر منهم وعرف القاصي والداني خبرهم وسيرتهم مراعاة للاختصار وتجنبا للاطالة والاكثار، والنوع الثاني (الكتب التي اخذ عنها ) ، وهي قليلة لم تتجاوز عد اصابع يد واحدة، وذيل الباحث هذا الفصل بمبحث ذكر فيه بعض الوقفات مع المحقق الاستاذ حسين دركاهي ، وعمله في تحقيق هذا التفسير، واشار الى بعض من موارد الخلل وزلات القلم في التحقيق ، وما انتاب هذه النسخة المطبوعة اليتيمة من تصحيف وتحريف واخطاء املائية من شانها ان تغيب الوجه الناصع لهذا الموروث التفسيري القيم.الفصل الثاني : تناول فيه الباحث منهج المصنف في عرضه للمباحث اللغوية، وجعله في مباحث اربعة على وفق للمستويات اللغوية الاربعة ، المبحث الاول : تضمن المستوى الصوتي ، ذكر فيه اهم اشارات المصنف الى المسائل الصوتية كالابدال ، وتحقيق الهمزة وتخفيفها وضبط بنية الكلمة وغير ذلك من المباحث الصوتية، والثاني : المستوى الصرفي تطرق فيه الى ابنية المصادر، والاشتقاق والتغيير الصرفي للصيغ الصرفية وختمه بذكر ما يتعلق بتصريف الافعال، والثالث : المستوى التركيبي (النحوي والبلاغي)، فشرع بذكر اهم مسائل النحو الواردة في التفسير على الرغم من قلتها - نتيجة لاختيار المصنف الاقلال من ذكرها - وعرج بعد ذلك على ذكر المسائل البلاغية والاشارات البيانية التي تضمنها التفسير، وختم هذا الفصل بمبحث رابع ، شمل ذلك بعضا من المباحث اللغوية كالاضداد والمشترك اللفظي والفروق اللغوية والمعرب والدخيل.اما الفصل الثالث : فخصصه الباحث لتناول منهج الامامي في علوم القران وكان مقسما الى اربعة مباحث، الاول : في ذكر الناسخ والمنسوخ وبيان معناه عند المصنف وذكر تطبيقاته وامثلته، واما الثاني : فجعله في ذكر القراءات القرانية الواردة في نهج البيان، وبيان دلالاتها المختلفة وتخريج تلك القراءات وعزوها الى القراء الذين قراوا بها ، واما الثالث : فتطرق فيه الى اسباب النزول ومنهجه في استعراض ذلك ، وجعل المبحث الرابع والاخير في ذكر مسائل متفرقة من علوم القران وهي : منهجه في ذكر المكي والمدني والمحكم والمتشابه وموقفه من تحريف القران الكريم واثبات راي المصنف في صيانة القران الكريم من التحريف وسلامته منه.وهذه بضاعتي مزجاة لا ازعم لها الكمال، ولا السلامة من العثرات والعيوب، ولكنني ازعم انها تمثل جهدا ساهرت في سبيل تحصيله الليالي ، وقد حاولت ان اجعل حروفها مضبوطة بالشكل - قدر الامكان - ليسهل على قارئها فهم معانيها، ويروق له رسم مبانيها، وهذا اقصى ما لدي وان كان فيها زلل او خلل فاني لارجو الا يبخل علي الافاضل بالعفو عنه - والعفو عند كرام الناس مقبول - وبالارشاد والتوجيه لسد مكامن الخلل، واصلاح مواطن الزلل ، ومن الله التوفيق والسداد | The present study is concerned with the exposition of Sheikh Mohammad bin Al Hassan Al Shibani in his book "Al Bayan Approach for Exposing Quran meaning. This is considered as one of the rare sources that has survived, among several other sources, the devouring burning made by the Mongol invasion after the collapse of Baghdad in 656 A H. Al Shibani is seen as one of the Imamia scientists lived during the last Abbasid era. His book is a valuable one that comprises meanings included in Quran such as aspects of science and Ahl Al Beit's sayings beside other valuable sayings of others. The researcher has attempted to approach this book from the descriptive lattice, and sometimes following the analytical descriptive view. This work is, thus, composed of an introduction, preliminaries and three chapters. The introduction and the preliminaries are about the political, social, economical and cultural atmospheres during which this figure was living. The first chapter is concerned with the sources that Al Shibani had followed and also a comprehensive outlook for the number of times that his work has been passed and investigated by other scientists. The second chapter is about the linguistic sections this book includes. This chapter is divided into four sections which are phonetic, morphological, syntactic and rhetorical devices. The third chapter is specialized for his approach in explaining and discussing the problems in Quran. This is divided into four sections, namely : abrogater and abrogated, Quranic readings, reasons of verse descending and the last section is devoted to some Quranic problems.The last component of the work is the conclusion that summarizes the basic findings when the researcher inferred that Al Shibani had given the book as a gift to Al Abbasside caliph, Al Mustansar, not to the Fatimid. Also, the topic of discussion in the book of Quran meanings is not an explanation of the aphorism as others believe. Further, this book has embraced several linguistic, Quranic and literary sciences, besides other things. Moreover, the book can be considered as an important source for the explainers. The researcher has closed the work with a concluding remark that this figure has a unique vision in explaining Quran depending on Quran itself and also depending on Ahl Al Beits' sayings and following their views in explaining Quran. The researcher also concludes that this figure sees Quranic abolishing is something factual and this could be done through Al Sunnah Al Nabawiya and Ahl Al Beits' sayings. The researcher also depends on this book though it is not big, it can be seen comprehensive for a lot of religious problems that the researcher had passed in a condensed way.

جعفر الحسيني ومنهجه في دراسة البلاغة العربية == JAFAAR AL - HUSSAINI HIS APPROACH IN STUDYING QURAN RHETORIC

Author name: صباح شهاب راهي
Supervisor name: مرتضى عباس فالح السلمي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: فان السيد جعفر باقر الحسيني من الشخصيات العلمية التي عنت بدراسة البلاغة في القران بشكل خاص وفي النصوص الادبية الاخرى بشكل عام، وعلى الرغم من ان المحاولات السابقة في هذا المجال كانت حثيثة الاقتراب من اعتاب بلاغة القران واعجازه، الا ان المجال واسع المدى في استيعاب جميع المحاولات والدراسات، اذ ان القران الكريم في بلاغته، افق لا يدرك مداه، وبحر لا ينقطع مداده، وجميع من درس البلاغة في النصوص الادبية، وجد فيها المتعة والاثارة والجمال والابداع، ولكن البلاغة في القران - فضلا عما ذكر - فيها عامل الاعجاز والسلامة من الخلط والشطط، فالنص القراني - ومما لاشك فيه - من ارفع النصوص الادبية شانا، واجلها شرفا، واكثرها تاثيرا في النفوس؛ لما فيه من السبك والحبك والدقة في التعبير، والبراعة في التصوير. وقد تنوعت الدراسات في القران واعجازه وبلاغته وتلونت في شتى المجالات، ضمن منهجيات متعددة ومتباينة وبما ان بحثنا هذا يتعرض الى دراسة منهج السيد جعفر الحسيني في دراسته بلاغة القران مستنيرا بالنصوص الادبية الاخرى، كان لابد من الاشارة الى بعض الدراسات التي تناولت منهجية بعض العلماء والكتاب في القران، نحو رسالة (الدكتور محمود البستاني ومنهجه في تحليل النص القراني) للباحث هادي خلف رسن، و(الاعجاز البلاغي عند السيوطي في كتابيه الاتقان ومعترك الاقران) للباحثة نادية عبد الرضا علي الموسوي، و( جهود الفراء البلاغية في كتابه معاني القران ) للباحث قيس خلف ابراهيم البياتي، و( الدرس البلاغي في كتاب فتح الباري للعسقلاني ) للباحثة رنا زهير خيري. وكان لاختيار الموضوع يد من الاستاذ الدكتور الفاضل حامد الظالمي - مشكورا - مع الاستاذ المشرف، الاستاذ الدكتور مرتضى عباس فالح حيث اقترح ان يكون موضوع البحث على منهجية جعفر الحسيني في دراسته البلاغة العربية ضمن كتبه الثلاثة : اساليب المعاني في القران، اساليب البيان في القران، اساليب البديع في القران، التي تمت طباعتها في مؤسسة بوستان كتاب في قم - ايران، ضمن عنوان وسم بـ ( جعفر الحسيني ومنهجه في دراسة البلاغة العربية )، وقد بارك كل منهما العنوان، ثم افاض علي استاذي المشرف بخطة البحث ومصادره وبكتب الحسيني الثلاثة انفة الذكر وكل ما يتعلق بالاحاطة الشامله لمقتضيات البحث. وقد اختصت الدراسة بهذه الكتب الثلاثة لانها جسدت علوم البلاغة المعروفة، وتناولتها في ضوء اساليب القران، الامر الذي دعا السيد الحسيني الى اغداق هذه الاساليب بالشواهد القرانية الكثيرة، التي عززت بالشواهد البلاغية الاخرى المتمثلة باحاديث الرسول (صلى الله عليه واله) ، وكلام امير المؤمنين علي بن ابي طالب (عليه السلام) ، واشعار العرب. وقد اعتمدت هذه الدراسة في اغلب نواحيها على امات المصادر البلاغية الاولى التي نتجت عن فيوضات علماء البلاغة الاوائل مثل مفتاح العلوم للسكاكي(626ه)، والمصباح لابن الناظم(686ه)، والتلخيص والايضاح للقزويني(739ه)، والطراز للعلوي(749ه)، وشروح التلخيص. اما من الدارسين المحدثين والمعاصرين، فقد اعتمد البحث مؤلفات بعض المهتمين بالبلاغة العربية وفي مقدمتهم د. احمد مطلوب في مؤلفاته القيمة مثل : اساليب بلاغية، البلاغة والتطبيق، معجم المصطلحات البلاغية وغيرها. وكتاب بغية الايضاح على تلخيص المفتاح للاستاذ عبد المتعال الصعيدي ومؤلفات كل من د. عبد الفتاح لاشين ود. بسيوني عبد الفتاح فيود، ود. عبد العزيز عتيق في علوم البلاغة العربية الثلاثة. وعلى الرغم من بعض الصعوبات التي واجهت البحث، التي منها عدم الحصول الى بعض المصادر التي اعتمدها السيد الحسيني في كتبه الثلاثة، ومنها التاخر في الوصول الى عنوان السيد الحسيني، اذ انه كان مستقرا في ايران طوال فترة كتابة البحث، فلم استطع التواصل معه الا متاخرا، وما كان ذلك الا عن طريق الهاتف النقال وما فيه من برامج للتواصل الاجتماعي. فلم يتسن لي اللقاء به والحديث معه. الا ان الله سبحانه وتعالى لا يخذل من يتوكل عليه وينيب اليه. فقد من علي بسداده وتوفيقه؛ ليبرز هذا العمل ويبصر النور بعد عناء ومشقة. فله الحمد والشكر على عظيم نعمه والائه. فكانت الخطة المنهجية الموضوعة لترتيب سياقات البحث، التي اقترحها علي الاستاذ المشرف - مشكورا - ان يلي هذه المقدمة تمهيد وثلاثة فصول وخاتمة باهم النتائج التي توصل لها البحث. اما التمهيد فقد تناول حياة السيد جعفر الحسيني ونشاته ودراسته البلاغة العربية، ثم اهم مؤلفاته من الكتب والبحوث المطبوعة في موقع كلية الاصول في قم، وتوضيح اجمالي تناول اهم ما في هذه البحوث وماله صلة بالبلاغة العربية. اما الفصول، فقد جاء الفصل الاول موسوما بـ(منهجه في علم المعاني)، وقد قسم الى خمسة مباحث يسبقها تقديم عن تطور علم المعاني عبر تاريخ البلاغة العربية على يد اربابها الاوائل، وما ذكره الحسيني في هذا المورد، ثم تناولت في المبحث الاول مسائل الخبر والانشاء، وفي الثاني مسائل اسلوب القصر، وفي الثالث مسائل الفصل والوصل، وفي الرابع مسائل احوال الجملة، وفي الخامس مسائل المساواة والايجاز والاطناب. اما الفصل الثاني فقد ضم خمسة مباحث ايضا، وقد وسم بـ (منهجه في علم البيان)، وقد تضمن المبحث الاول مسائل الفصاحة والبلاغة، وقبل بداية المبحث الثاني تناولت تطور علم البيان على يد البلاغيين الاوائل بشكل موجز ثم مسائل التشبيه، وفي المبحث الثالث تناولت مسائل الحقيقة والمجاز، وفي الرابع فيما يخص الاستعارة والخامس ما يخص الكناية وعلم الاساليب والدراسات البلاغية. اما الفصل الثالث فقد وسم بـ (منهجه في علم البديع) وتناولت في بدايته تطور علم البديع تاريخيا عند علماء البلاغة الاوائل، ثم قسم على مبحثين، تناول المبحث الاول المحسنات المعنوية والثاني المحسنات اللفظية. وبالحديث عن المنهجية المتبعة في هذه الدراسة فقد اعتمدت عدة مناهج، اهمها المنهج الوصفي، والوصفي التحليلي، فالبحث بصورة عامة يصف منهجية السيد جعفر الحسيني كما جاءت في كتبه الثلاثة، مع التحليل والتوضيح والاستشهاد، ثم المنهج التاريخي الذي يتناول التطور التاريخي لعلوم البلاغة على ايدي البلاغيين عبر التاريخ. ثم المنهج المقارن الذي من خلاله نقارن بين الاراء والافكار من حيث المصطلحات والتقسيم والاستشهاد بين منهجية السيد الحسيني ومنهجية غيره من البلاغيين قدماء ومحدثين. ومن الجدير بالذكر ان البحث قد نهج في ترتيبه للموضوعات، ترتيب السيد جعفر الحسيني في تقسيمه لها مع تغيير تسمية الابواب الى فصول والفصول الى مباحث وهكذا . وفي نهاية المطاف لا ندعي الكمال لهذا الجهد، ولكن ندعي انه محاولة لبيان المنهجية المتبعة لبعض من علماء البلاغة في تناول البلاغة العربية وابرازها للقارئ والمتلقي بشكل ميسر | Quran has rhetorical orientations that are difficult to be comprehended, and it also has deep levels of meaning that are renewed in their interpretations. Those who study literary texts from the rhetorical viewpoints find them interesting and aesthetic, but the matter is different when one comes to investigate the same trend in Quran in that, though having the same features of interest as in literature, there is the inimitability of the Quran in which there is the highest elevated style and these in turn affect those who approach Quran from this lattice. Jafaar Al - Hussaini made a good attempt in his rhetorical approach in Quran. He provided a lot of examples from Quran that support the rhetoric and artistic styles when inspecting the three branches of science : meaning, explanation and Al - badea. He, further, employed other examples from Al - Hadith and Arabic poetry on behalf of those Quranic instances following the approach of Al - Sakaki (626 A H) in his book (The Key of Sciences) and Al - Quzweeni (739 A H) in explaining and summarizing it. This study focuses on explaining Al - Hussain's approach in inspecting Quran rhetoric according to three branches mentioned above. Al - Hussaini added to Al - Maani style the prospect of sentence patterns with two titles including in these several divisions and supporting them with a lot of Quranic instances, besides other non - Quranic instances. Concerning Al - Bayan styles, he implies sections in eloquence rhetoric, simile and metaphor. At the level of Al - Badee style, Al - Sakaki divided this field of knowledge into meaningful and verbal enhances, whereas, Al - Hussaini did not mention these without classification or divisions, even without stating the naming of "enhances", instead, he called these as "arts". He added a lot of arts besides what was stated by Al - Sakaki. H eput these in two separate sections in accordance with what Al - Sakaki and other followers had done. The styles stated by Al - Hussaini are sixty nine. Forty nine are meaningful and twenty ones are verbal. Then the study focuses on the abundance of the divisions of titles and subtitles as produced by Al - Hussaini. Also it pays attention to the exactness of examples provided and the density of Quranic instances concerning every topic. These instances, in some of these topic, are thirty

الانا والاخر في شعر الابيوردي == THE EGO AND THE OTHER IN AL - ABEORDY'S POE

Author name: الاء جهاد فاضل المالكي
Supervisor name: علي عبـد رمضان
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: يعد موضوع ثنائية الانا والاخر موضوعا نقديا معاصرا مهما تناولته الدراسات الحديثة المعاصرة. لما يحمله من جمالية واهمية؛ لذا عمد البحث الى ان يدرس هذا الثنائي ـــ الانا والاخر في شعر الابيوردي ـــ اذ لا يمكن ان ندرس الانا بمعزل عن الاخر والعكس صحيح ؛ لان الاخر يؤدي دورا حاسما ومؤثرا في معرفة هوية الانا كذلك هو دور الانا في معرفة هوية الاخر، فوجود احدهما دون الاخر لا يمكن ان نلحظه داخل النص الادبي، فهما مكملان لبعضهما بعضا.وكان لاستاذي المشرف الفضل في اقتراح الموضوع وعرضه على اللجنة العلمية الموقرة في القسم، وبعد ان نال الموافقة بصلاحيته للدراسة شرعت في جمع مادته وتتبع كل ما يتعلق به بدءا من اقتناء ديوان الشاعر الابيوردي وانتهاء بما امكنني بلوغه من المصادر والمراجع التي تتعلق بهذا الموضوع وترفد فصوله ومباحثه. وعليه فقد اقتضت خطة البحث ان يدرس هذا الموضوع في ثلاثة فصول سبقت بتمهيد والحقت بخاتمة تبرز اهم ما توصلت اليه الدراسة من نتائج ومن ثم المصادر والمراجع. اختص التمهيد بتقديم نبذة في المفهوم اللغوي والاصطلاحي والنفسي والفلسفي لكل من الانا والاخر. اما الفصل الاول : فقد تناول تمثيلات الانا / الذات . وكان ذلك في ثلاثة مباحث، المبحث الاول : الانا الفردية / الذاتية ومظاهر اعلائها، وتناول المبحث الثاني : تجليات الانا الجمعية، في حين درس المبحث الثالث : الذات / الانا الشاكية. اما الفصل الثاني : فقد خصص لدراسة الاخر في شعر الابيوردي، وكان ذلك في ثلاثة مباحث. تناول المبحث الاول : الاخر السياسي، وتناول المبحث الثاني : الاخر الانثوي، وتناول المبحث الثالث : الاخر الاجتماعي. اما الفصل الثالث فجاء دراسة فنية في مبحثين : شمل المبحث الاول منهما اللغة الشعرية ، وتناول المبحث الثاني : الصورة الشعرية . اما مصادر الدراسة ومراجعها فمتعددة كان في مقدمتها ديوان الشاعر الابيوردي بتحقيق الدكتور عمر الاسعد، والعديد من المصادر والمراجع التي تخص الذات / الانا والاخر، فضلاعن الدراسات النقدية والادبية والنفسية التي افدت منها كثيرا. اما المنهج الذي سار عليه البحث فقد اعتمدت فيه على الاسلوب التحليلي الوصفي كمنهج للدراسة. وقد كان دافعي للقيام بهذه الدراسة اعجابي بهذا الموضوع وبما يحمله من جمالية واهمية، ومما دفعني لتطبيق هذا الموضوع ــ الانا والاخرــ على شعر الابيوردي العباسي، لما يمتلكه من حس مرهف وصدق تجربة الذي حمل بين طيات شعره انا متعالية متفاخرة، وبالمقابل حمل كثيرا من الاسى والمعاناة الذاتية بسبب الاضطراب الذي ساد في عصره . ويعود الفضل في ذلك الى استاذي ومشرفي الاستاذ المساعد الدكتور علي عبد رمضان فهو الذي اقترح هذا الموضوع القيم كما اسلفت فمن واجبي الاعتراف بفضله الكبير، فاتوجه بجزيل الشكر والامتنان اليه اذ لم يبخل علي بتوجيهاته ونصائحه القيمة التي كانت لي عونا في اتمام هذا البحث. وفي الختام ارجو من الله ان يجعل اعمالنا خالصة لوجهه الكريم وان يشمل قصورنا بالعفو والغفران ... | The topic of "The Other " and " Self" is considered a critical and contemporary subject handled by modern studies. Since this topic is of high importance, the current work focuses on analyzing Al Abeordy's poetry from this perspective. The other is always compared , from the analytical point of view, with the self for the former plays a considerable role in understanding the latter. The "other" notion is seen as a reflection of the "self" and also regarded as a point of conceptualizing "the self". Thus, both of them can be seen together in a literary work. They complete each other. The work consists of three chapters besides an introduction and a conclusion. The preliminary is concerned with introducing the poet's life and explanation about the linguistic, philosophical and psychological views of the two concepts : "the other" and "self". Chapter one is specified to the representations of these two concepts, comprising three sections, the first one is about the single self (I), the second studies the plural self (we), and the third one is skeptical self. Chapter two investigates the notion of "the other" in Al Abeordy's poems including also three sections. The first is the political other, the second is about feminist other, and the third is the social other. Chapter three is concerned with the study of the other and the associated discourse in his poetry. It consists of two sections, the first one is about poetic language and the second is poetic images

السياق واثره الدلالي في دراسات الاصوليين

Author name: انجيرس طعمة يوسف
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Context' is an issue which the Jurisprudents studied andto which they referred in their rules and categorizations.The Jurisprudents' studies are no less important than thestudies done by linguists, exegetists and rhetoricians,different though their purposes are. Jurisprudents holdcontext as indication of meaning of legislative rulings. Soboth external and internal contexts are topics for study byJurisprudents and religious scholars in the analysis of thelegislative rulings of the Holy Quran and Prophet'stradition (Sunnah). External context or 'co - text' indicatesall the circumstances surrounding the text and whichwould influence the meaning of the text, issues tackledby the Jurisprudents and practiced by doctrinists..The internal context comprises the meanings of thesame text or other texts related to it, whether proving ordisproving it, according to certain methods of collection.My study is based on the researches done so far bythe Jurisprudents and is classified into external andinternal contexts. The first is fallen under three types : circumstantial context, context of situation, and actualcontext. These three kinds of context were addressed bythe Jurisprudents who, however, did not categorize themthis way. But it is appropriate to show them to prove thatthe Jurisprudents were the first to pay attention to theexternal context. The same has been done with regard tothe internal context, which is also classified into threetypes : the objective context, the counter - objectiveharmonious context (in assertion and denial), and thecounter - objective disharmonious context. The crucial١٩٣difference between the second and the third kind is that,while the second means the multi texts that deal with thesame topic, with one clarifying the others, the thirdmeans the multi texts that deal with the same topic,differing in assertion or denial, or in some other sense.The Jurisprudents worked out principles to harmonizethese meanings in a scientific way.I have prepared for the study of the context and itsrelation with some semantic and contextualconsiderations. Also, context and its functions arehighlighted to the Jurisprudents and the difference oftheir treatment to that of the linguists and exegetists.

الشعر العربي في العراق في القرنين الثامن عشر والتاسع عشر : دراسة في ضوء النقد الثقافي == Arabic poetry in Iraq in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth centuries : a study in the Light of cultural criticism

Author name: سجاد شعبان حسن
Supervisor name: حسين عبود حميد الهلالي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Cultural criticism is based on criticizing the cultural patterns that involve the literary and cultural discourses; these are implicit patterns hiding behind the explicit ones. The patterns in the concept of cultural criticism are not only linguistic or literary, but they are cultural content patterns implicitly involved in the discourse that are elicited by explicit patterns. Exploring these patterns requires cultural reading based on accurate and wide knowledge of the studied cultural discourse. A heavy reliance on the interpretation and exploration effort and discourse analysis is needed to discover these culturally implied patterns. Cultural criticism provides the addressee with studies that discover the reality of the literary texts whether they are poetry or prose. It looks at them through a neutral, scientific and honest telescope that aims at studying the marginalized patterns that literary criticism neglected. While literary criticism is concerned with elite texts, cultural criticism is concerned with people's literature that was off - shadowed during the previous eras, it relates the texts to its contexts and circumstances, it also makes use of the human and philosophical sciences. We depended on this approach to study Iraqi poetry. After investigation we discovered the paucity of literary studies that tackled Iraqi literature from the perspective of cultural criticism between the eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries. For this reason the topic entitled (Arabic Poetry in Iraq during the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries : a Study in the Light of Cultural Criticism).The study has been divided into four chapters preceded by an introduction and a prelude and followed by conclusion that involved the most important results and a list of references. The prelude has been formulated according to two ways, the first of which tackled the image of the Iraqi poetry during this period, while the second has dealt with the concept of cultural criticism and cultural patterns. The first chapter is about (The manifestations of the ego), while the second chapter is about (The manifestations of the other). Chapter three deals with (Political Patterns/ the poet and the authority). Chapter four tackles the social patterns, it is entitled as (The Text and the dominance of cultural patterns).

الشعر في العصر الفاطمي : دراسة في مرجعياته الثقافية

Author name: احمد حمد سليمان النصر الله
Supervisor name: نضال ابراهيم ياسين
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The Fatimi state was a separate entity from the Abbasies in 296 AH on the African side of the Islamic state in Kairouan and then they took Egypt as the seat of their caliphate and Cairo as their capital and expanded the area of the Fatimid caliphate to the east, including the Levant, Yemen and Hijaz. The era of the Fatimi state was one of the most fertile periods in the history of Islamic civilization. It was at the peak of its maturity and intensity in all aspects of human knowledge, mental sciences, social prosperity, creativity and translation through creative communication with other civilizations in the countries reached by Islam. Conquests or creative intellectual cross - fertilization with other peoples and civilizations such as Persian, Indian, Greek and Roman. What was decreed by the poetry and culture of the care of the Fatimi caliphs and the care of their contributions in advancing the advancement of civilization and cultural development forward by establishing many mosques, public libraries, science workshops and councils of wisdom and encouraging scientists and poets and giving gifts to them contributed to the establishment of a broad scientific and cultural movement, The Fatimies had a high level of knowledge, love of science, and the bringing together of scholars, some of whom supervised direct supervision of seminars in mosques and councils of wisdom, some of them lecturing on the apostates and learners. Egypt has been the seat of ancient civilizations and inhabited by races and races, all of which had the most prominent effect in advancing the development of forward and enrich the minds and provide them with new factors and provide cards that contribute to the sharpening of minds and broaden the horizons of knowledge have affected those factors cast a shadow on the literary life in Egypt, Our study, which led to the emergence of a growing poetry movement that bears the characteristics of differentiation and personality independent of others because of what the new life in Egypt and Cairo gave them from the capitals of poetic creativity and engraved in their hearts for the commercial in the many rites of prayer and its many occasions such as festivals and religious events and As well as the addition of the Fatimids of the holidays and events of their own and their doctrine, which contributed to the activation of creativity to the maximum extent. The previous factors are the result of the researcher's desire to research and change in the literature of that era of Arabic literature and in those countries living under the rule of the Fatimid was behind the choice of the title of this research for the culture and cultural heritage of the role of fundamental and effective in the creative output of that fertile period of time, (Fatimid poetry study in its cultural references) culmination of many previous cultural studies and to compliment them may contribute to the Arab library to provide more scientific knowledge and reveal what is hidden the eyes of those interested in the Arab literature in that country.The study was divided into four chapters preceded by introduction and followed by a conclusion, and we adopted the abundance of poetic output in the order of classes.The first chapter included religious culture and the faithfulness of several topics such as the culture of Quranic employment, stories, Quranic stories, the Prophet's Hadith, other religions, The second chapter included the historical culture, which includes several topics such as historical events, historical figures, spatial and relative culture. The third chapter included the social culture that included knowledge culture. The fourth chapter was the Deanship of Literary Culture, in which poetic culture, poetic culture and critical culture

دلالة التعدية واللزوم في التعبير القراني

Author name: سعيد ابراهيم صيهود القطراني
Supervisor name: فاخر هاشم سعد الياسري
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: the meaning. The most important form of intransitive structures is describing the sense on resurrection.The third chapter deals with suggestion denotations between transitive and intransitive in community structures and its different meaning.Thus I hope that I am succeeding in presenting a tiny effort to serve the Holy Mighty Quran. If I succeed that is from glory Allah help that he is given to whom he wishes, and if I am not, it is very reliving that I do my all best.Finally I thank Allah for everything and peace upon our prophet Mohammed bin Abd - Allah.Since, it is a wide subject to deal with, this dissertation falls into three main chapters, it is preceded by preface and followed by the main conclusion of the study in the preface the researcher deals with the suggestive denotation from linguistic view points as it is a partial part in the study. And it’s the base of the study subject. The first chapter is divided into three section ,the second chapter is divided into two sections, but the third chapter without any sections.The first chapter consists of three sections the first one study the transitive structure and the different denotations in the Quran expression. Concerning the second section, the researcher yields the denotation from structure perspective (emitting, forwarding and delaying). The research concentrate on the transitivity in Quran. The intransitive of subject and object reflects the coherence in Quran text and the strength of the expressions that coordinated with other elements of the structure. For example there is only subject and there is object. Whereas the third section deals with indirect transitive in the Quran expressions and its denotation inside the Quran text. Quran uses the letters very precisely as it puts a letter in a correct place, there are transitive verb by themselves ones or by a transitive letter sometimes. And there are verb become transitive by a letter within a context and another text. So each verb has it denotations, whereas the second verb reflects intransitive meaning of the Quran meaning. Therefore it is put in two sections : the first one is specified for presenting the denotation meaning of the intransitive structures across Quran expressions, whilst the second one deals with structural meaning of intransitive verbs, as the structures a reflection onThis study is about (The Suggestive Denotation To The transitive And Intransitive In The Quran Expression) ,and there is no secret that the search in holly Quran is very difficult because its deal with texts created by glory Allah, that's every word in strong structure , however every letter in it put in the appropriate place then no other letter can put instead of other one, And that's the secret of its power.Maybe from the reconciliation and good luck to search in the book of glory Allah, and this need to try hard and more followed, then my master Dr. Fakher Al - Yassiry refer to study (The Suggestive Denotation To The Transitive And Intransitive In The Quran Expression), thus there was double feeling in my soul between fear and worry to study the book of glory Allah, because there is difficult come from studied the suggestive denotation in the Quran expression, and that don't interest in the external things ,but search in suggest denotation in simples and marks - more of this - that subject don’t control to stable ,constant rules and no one standard in Quran expression, that maybe transitive come in intransitive form, and the intransitive come in transitive form.The importance of subject is come from it's study what suggest of denotation from simples and marks, so, the subject is study the structure and its picture inside the Quran text ,then its study the building structures and his appropriate with the other structures, then study denotation of all this in clearing the suggestive denotation.

جهود الدكتور محمد احمد الدالي في اللغة والنحو وتحقيق التراث اللغوي == Efforts Of Dr.Mohammed Ahmed Al - Dali In Language, Grammar, And Achieving The Linguistic Heritage

Author name: ضياء جخير كاظم اللامي
Supervisor name: سامي علي جبار المنصوري
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The study tackles the life of one of the outstanding figures in modern period and his Efforts of Dr.Mohammed Ahmed Al - Dali in language, grammar, and achieving the linguistic heritage, since he was well known for his verification. He was a great verifier without doubts. Also, he was a linguistic critic of Arabic language. Therefore, he had a lot of achievements in verification reached to fifteen books. Also has a lot of research papers and articles reached to forty - five various magazines in Arabic homeland. The study falls into introduction, three chapters and a conclusion. The introduction surveys Mohammed Ahmed Al - Dali's life and his works. Chapter one "Al - Dali's linguistic efforts" consists of three sections. The first section tackles morphological phenomena, linguistic aspects studied by Al - Dali. The section shows his opinion of syntax of the language. The third section reveals his linguistics criticism and his opinion of vernacular and dictionaries. Chapter two "His study of syntax" is divided into three sections. The first section is devoted to studying his scientific character. The second section discusses Al - Dali's syntactic representation. The third section is about syntactic criticism. Chapter three analyze verification and its criticism. The study ends with a conclusion, which reveals the findings of the study, reveals his scientific character distinguished his effort, in Arabic language and culture. Dr. Al - Dali is known for his interest in linguistics, syntax, and verification due to his position as a professor at Damascus University and a member in Syrian Arabic academy. His contributions were (varied between linguistics, syntax, text verification and criticism. His studies and research were published in academic scientific magazines. He also had a prominent presence in scientific conferences and seminars.

التفكير الدلالي عند ابن هشام الانصاري

Author name: مخلد جبار سلطان
Supervisor name: حسين عودة هاشم
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The Semantic subject can be consider as one of the most important subjects in linguistics. With it, grammar earns value. Ibn Husham is one of the famous linguistics. According to Ibn Husham, semantic was a clear and wide subject and it is one of those subjects that I liked a lot during my preliminary studying period. I consulted the specialist and discussed it with my supervisor who encouraged me so I decided and trusted in God to go ahead with this subject. The research comes with three chapters proceeded by a preface and followed by a conclusion. In preface, I meant with the semantic thinking and I simply pointed to the life of Ibn Husham Al - Ansary and then mentioned something about the Arab heritage. Then I discussed the semantic studies of Ibn Husham that can't be inserted in the chapters that followed the preface. The first chapter was of three studies proceeded by foreword that dealt with his criticism spirit, his style and how widely he was in criticism. I specialized the first study to the explainers' criticism, the second to the grammarians' and the third to the jurists'. The second chapter was about semantic interpretation of Ibn Husham and it was - like the first chapter - of three studies. The first study was meant with the inclusion, the second with the deletion and the third with reverse morphology. The third chapter was about the semantic guidance. In the preface of this chapter, I mentioned something about the meaning of the expression in language and terminology and also mentioned something about the its benefit. In the first study - of the third chapter - I specialized it to the guidance of what has a relation to the expression. The second study to the guidance of what doesn't have a relation to expression in which I discussed the resumption and links. After I have finished the the three chapters, I concluded the research with the conclusion that I have got through my inspection and looking for. Then - after the conclusion - I have written down the sources and the references that I used to complete the research. At the end, I have to say that this research is a humanitarian effort done by the researcher with scientific and material potentials that he has got. If what has come through this research deserves praise so thank for God for that and if not, the researcher did his best. I said what I have already said, if my work was right so it is from God and if its not that is because of me and the devil.

منهج التستري في شرح الالفاظ في كتابه بهج الصباغة في شرح نهج البلاغة == Al - Tustery’S Approach Of Utterances’ Explanation In His Book (Bahj Al - Sebagheh At The Explanation Of Nahj Al - Balagheh

Author name: بتول طالب كاظم الحسين
Supervisor name: مرتضى عباس فالح السلمي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study deals with the approach of Tustery concerning the explanation of utterances in his book (Bahj Al - Sebaghedat the Explanation of Nahj Al - Balagheh).The current study aims at showing and revealing the approach used by the commentator at his explanation and processing of utterances.The study consists of an introduction stating the general frame of the subject matter in details.Then, the first chapter that consists of two sections, the first section includes the author’s life, his name, descent, birth, scientific development, brought up, scholars, immigration, scientific and religious activities, death, and his printed and hand - written works.The second section deals with the book (Bahj Al - Sebagheh at the Explanation of Nahj Al - Balagheh) in terms of the reason of using such title, reason of authorship, divisions and arrangements, way of explanation, as well as citation of texts from Nahj Al - Balagheh. The second chapter consists of two sections, the first section is dedicated to deal with the Tustery’s Approach concerning the display of utterances, methods of utterances ‘explanation, reasoning meanings and arrangements of utterances, as well as references relied upon. The second section deals with the evidences of Tustery Quranic evidences, Prose evidences, and Poetic evidences, respectively.Finally, Chapter 3 consists of two sections. The first of which is entitled “denotational connections” being dedicated for four issues; verbal common joints, oppositeness, synonymy, and the Arabized. The second section is entitled “denotational change of utterances”. It deals with the change and development of utterances’ denotations in terms of three cases; denotation generalization, denotational specification, and denotational transfer. Having passing through all that account, the conclusion comes last. It displays the most important results of the study. The current study ends with the list of references befitting the researcher during the course of study.Researcher

الاخر في الخطابة العربية الاسلامية حتى سنة 132هـ == Simulation Of The “Other” In Arabic - Islamic Oratory Until 132 A.H

Author name: اثير حميد محمد
Supervisor name: نضال ابراهيم ياسين
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: In modern academic writing we need to open doors on our legacy henceforth we decided to write on the other in Arabic - Islamic oratory until 132 A.H. since it has sufficient data to be studied. Working with the cultural criticism means overcoming the aesthetic vision that dominated for a long time and dealing with the text as structure related to cultural structuralism affected by the cultural authority. The “other” is a topic which is part of the cultural criticism that reveals the intertextuality in the texts which in tern reveals the consciousness of the sender and receiver. Although there are many studies that deal with Arabic oratory, but the approach we adopt is totally different. We consulted so many history books and Islamic books in order to arrive at the exact meaning of the text and the connotations of the context of situation. Accordingly, the study falls into introduction, three chapters and conclusion. The introduction displays the necessary terminology which the dissertation is based on like : the other, simulation and oratory. We depended on some references and the opinion of some authorities and the way these terms are employed by modern writers. Besides, the Quraanic usage is also adopted. Chapter One deals with the other in the oratory of the prophet (pbuh) and his companions. It consists of four sections. The first tackles the Muslim Other , whereas the second tackles the woman. The thirs deals with the believer for which we chose Abu Bakr Al - Sadeeq where the fourth section is devoted to the other who is consistent with the prophet(pbuh). The second part is devoted to the public other. We recognized that the prophet(pbuh) dealt with the other equally. People have no favorism except in loyalty. He uses very easy expressions and structures. Chapter Two covers the opponent in the oratory of Imam Ali(pbuh). Section one deals with his followers ho refrained from Jihad. Section two deals with the opponent other in the oratory of Imam Hassan (pbuh) and Imam Hussein(pbuh). Section three displays the topic in the thought of Khawarij. Whereas section four deals with the opponent in the oratory of Al - Hajjaj. What is remarkable in this period is oratory has a Hajjaji style due to conflicts and clashes. Chapter Three durveys the levels of the other. It falls into three sections. The first one shows the oratory from superior to inferior. It includes advice and guidance, threat and political, religious and administrative guidance from the Caliph to the public. Section two deals with the match. The first part tackles the political match. Part two tackles the social match. Whereas the third part covers the religious match which is characterized by an easy going style since the addressee is a match. The second section is devoted to oratory from inferior to superior. It is divided into three parts. Part one deals with sympathy and appeal. Part two deals with challenge. Part three deals with counseling and preaching which is characterized by being calm.

الدلالة الصوتية في دراسة البيان القراني عند المحدثين == The Acoustic Significance Of The Qur'anic Elucidation Books Of : Modernist Study

Author name: دعاء جواد كاظم
Supervisor name: صيوان خضير خلف المياحي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The aim of this study entitled " The acoustic significance of the Qur'anic elucidation books of : modernist study" to show one side of the elucidation study of the Qur'anic study which is the acoustic side and its significance. The study consists of three chapters proceeded by an introduction that showed the reason behind choosing this research and the outline of the study then a preface explained the definition of the Qur'anic elucidation, its roots, and its main scientist. Chapter one explained in details of the acoustic consonance utterance. It contains three sections entitled; consonance suffusion, consonance deletion, and consonance of acoustic simulation. Chapter two studies the structural acoustic consonance and it also consists of three sections; structural repetition, parallelism, and alliteration. the third chapter deals with the significance of ultra structural acoustic consonance and its three section tackled; the syllable, intonation, and the Qur'anic bar.finally the conclusion showed the main results of this research and ended with the references.

قصيدة النثر العراقية : دراسة في الانساق الثقافية == Iraqi Prose Poem Study Of Cultural Norms

Author name: هيثم كاظم صالح
Supervisor name: سوادي فرج مكلف
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The current study addresses the cultural norms in the Iraqi prose poem, as it represents a trial to detect the control and prevalence of such norms in the discourse of the poem. The study also reveals the directions of norms domination in the message of the prose poems, as well as the detection of the revival of old cultural norms in new verses. The current study takes the Iraqi prose poem as field of researching as the latter represents a phenomenon that apply the same conditions of cultural criticism and norm requirements. The prose poem indeed is a puzzling and encrypted production having the potential of cultural mystification around it. The study is made of three chapters, introduction, and a conclusion, followed by a list of references and bibliography, with an abstract and a table of contents. The first chapter is entitled "The Prose Poem and Cultural Norms" which starts with introduction of two sections; the first of which is entitled "Norms (emergence, concept, and interference)", while the second section is entitled "Norms between Breach and Revival". The last section carries two directions; the first of which is "Prose Poem and Breach of Norms", and the second is "Prose Poem and Revival of Norms". This section represents theorization about the norms, their emergence, interference with culture, then their domination, and prevalence in the prose poem examined to detect its breach of cultural norms, with applied texts of that breach, then the way of norms revival thereto, the way of getting norms back into original forms, and the untold in their discourse. The second chapter is entitled "Poem of Centre and Cultural Norms" which is made of an introduction and three sections. The first of which is "Prose Poem and Domination Norm" while the second section is "Prose Poem and the Norm of Abuse" formed of two directions; the first direction is "Abuse of Others/ The Black", and the second direction is "Abuse of Others/ The Woman". Then comes the third section, which is "Prose Poem and the Norm of estrangement". The last chapter includes applied texts concerning the issue of cultural norm and its revival in the discourse of prose poem. This chapter revealed some inherited and normal ideas like (Masculinity / Class) and Death haunted the Iraqi individual. Therefore, the poetic verses come to sustain such ideas and reinforce them with the idea of old norms revival with new aesthetics.The chapter also make clear the modality of the return of center and margin in the poem texts claiming the margins equity, in time other centers are created in conflict with new margins. The third chapter is entitled "Margin Poem and Cultural Norms" also formed of an introduction and two sections; the first of which is "Kurdish Prose Poem, which in turn consists of two directions (The first is Prose Poem and Ego Norm, and the second is Prose Poem and Revenge Norm), while the second section is entitled "Femininity Prose Poem". The second section carries three directions. These directions are "Prose Poem and Subordination Norm", "Prose Poem and Centrism Norm", and "Prose Poem and Violence Norm". This chapter is also an applied one as well, as the researcher employs poetic verses implying the cultural norm, with the potentiality of cultural interpretation, encrypted texts, showing Revolutionary characteristics, implying the norm or appeasement. Thus, the chapter shows the creation of cultural norms and their inheritance in various people classes, whether centered in culture or Marginalized. As shown above, the study revealed the control of cultural norms over our discourses, their effect our vision of life, and communication with others. Later, the poem is seen to have created a new center parallelized to the center of old texts. Therefore, the Iraqi accomplishment of prose poem may have potential reactionary roots and dictatorship, as well as having the possibility of revolutionary origins and progressiveness. Hence appears the effect of cultural norm, which gets deeply rooted as more as it is thought to be retroactive or impairment. That's what is revealed through the course of this study, and tried to be shown in this thesis.

دلالة البنية الصرفية في السور القرانية القصار == The Semantics Of The Morphological Structure In The Short Qur 'Anic Suras

Author name: جلال الدين يوسف فيصل العيداني
Supervisor name: فاخر هاشم سعد الياسري
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: hanks to 1hc 11/mighty God vvhu enabled me to deaf whit the.sp1rzt f the Quranic atmosphere , which is the language that is ·1 honuo ·ed by God i11 being the language of the Holy Quran. Though the Oi ··anic text is a literary text and every text has its own featuresand a ns. still ir is very peculiar in its sounds. The Qur·anic longua e is a supers me model in its use of different forms and sounds.S , God allo1red me to have a share in this blessed route by means of conducting a semantic - morphological Qur,anic study entitle : The Semantics of the Morphological structure in the short Qur.an c Suras. There are many factors that interact in displayingthe motpho!ogica! semantics of the Qur,anic text , such as : the texical j contextud. functional and social ones ; in addition to the cause b~hind the issuing of the Sura or verse , its atmosphere , its locatio , its type and its sounds. Concerning my reliance on theshort Q 1r, anic 1·erses , this is because of their intensified sen1antic.features, H'hich are considered as acharacteristic of almost all short texts. s for the scale of measurement upon which this study is based. ·t is adigitalone. So that , the Sura whose verses are nomore th n twenty is considered as being short, and that wich ranges between lH'enty and eighty is an average one , and the Sura whose verses a e more than eighty is along one. Th study is organized in to three chapters. The first chapter( Jn the Circunference of the Infinitive' Al - Masdar , and the Derived' l - !vfushtaq) treats tow subjects. The first subject is : the i11finitive • al - ,\fasdar , and its t;pes , al - masdar al - mimi , masdar l - marra , masdar al - hay 'a , and ismul - Masdar. Thesecond sz bject is : the derived• al - mushtoq' which includes : the subject - moun. forms of exaggeration , the object - noun , adjective the comparetive - noun , time and place - noun , and the instrumen - 1101111. This chapter is a semantic - morphologicalstudy oft e short Suras , which shows the possibility of replacing fhrms by heir morphological alternatives. he second chapter (In the Circumference of Duality and plural ty) contains tow subject also. The first subject deals with the morpf ological semantics of duality in short Suras ; the second one hand! s rhe morphological semantics of plurality , 1vhich includesall typ s of plural such as : the regular maswline plural. the regular femini e plural. and all types of irregular plurals , especially noun of the lured and noun of the plural gender.he third chapter (In the Circumference of Verbs) comprises fours bject. The first is : the time semantics of verbs (past, present. and. ulure) in short Suras. The second one is : the semantics of additi n and other mise in verbs. The thierd is : its relation withthe s bject and object. As for the fourth subject. it is about emph sizing those verbs occurring in short Suras. A1oreover , I have arried out astatistical study of each of the above mentioned topics.he study ends with some conclusions that are stated in detail, and t nks to the Almighty good.

ظاهرة الثقل في العربية ووسائل التخلص منها : دراسة صوتية == The Phenomenon Of Stress In Arabic Language : Means Of Getting Rid Of It ( Phonetic Study )

Author name: عدي صالح جبار
Supervisor name: صيوان خضير خلف المياحي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This dissertation deals with the phenomenon of stress in Arabic language. It is one of the phonetic phenomena whose Rules are subject to the oral performance. The dissertation Studies the most important aspects that the phenomenon of Stress takes in the language and the reasons behind them And the means that the language used to get rid of stressed Speech. The dissertation is divided into four chapters preceded by An introduction and prelude and followed by the results. In The prelude light has been shed on this phenomenon as it Was used by the ancient people and the reasons behind the Lexicographers grammarians scientists of Quranic recitations And rhetoricians interest in it. Chapter one deals with stress in sounds and their individual Features. It is divided into two sections; section one tackles The stress of the sounds at their production. Section two Deals with the individual stress features. Chapter two talks about stress resulted from the adjacency of Sounds to each other. The chapter falls into two sections : Section one talks about stress that is resulted from simila Adjacent sounds. Whereas section two describes stress that Is resulted from different adjacer sounds. Chabter three studies syllable stress. It comes in two Sections; secton one studies the disparity of common syllables As they are stressed or unstressed section two studies stress Which is resulted from the sequence of some syllables. In chapter four we deal with stress resulting from the length of Structure as there are many sound elements

دلالة المصطلح النحوي عند الكوفيين في ضوء الدراسات المعاصرة == The Conceptual Meaning In Al - Kufi'S Syntactical Expression In The Light Of The Modern Studies A Practical Study

Author name: هادي خلف رسن القرناوي
Supervisor name: هناء عبد الرضا رحيم الربيعي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Praise to God, the creator of the universe and his messenger, Muhammed the last of prophets and missionary, and on his sacred, kind household and fellowmen and those who followed him graciously and kindly till the Judgement Day and thereafter.... The expression occupies or takes over a prominent outstanding position or status in man's intellectual life, it is key or code that man can reach science, as mentioned by theancients. Through the expression the recipient understands and realizes the gateway of this science from its symbols that within the expressions, the vague, mysterious, equivocal points or issues become obvious in any science, all oblique and unclear issues are dissolved. The syntactical expression, as any liguisticexpression, formulates part of total, complementary structure, subject as other expressions subject to special or particularusage for specialized class or group inside the science that contains it that it becomes to have features drived from the environment that lives in, grows up and thrives. It is an accurate subject that needs a thorough reasearching, this makes different writings deal with the expression in different or various frames. Our subject attemptsto deal with thesemantic side of the expressions.The idea of study entitled "The meaning of the Syntactical Expression at Al - kufiee's in the Light of the Modern Studies" concentrates on a general study to the meaning of the syntactical expression, and the choice of the application of Al - Kufiee's syntactical expression was intentional and deliberate because the subject of syntacti - cal meaning needs a reconsedration in the subject so as the bases that are subsumed under the syntactical expressions be delimitied. As it is usual, Al - Kufiee's syntactical expression like a healthy suitable environment for such a study since it is subsumed under a limited schooling system included methodoligical, intellectual orientations or directions which characterizes this study. Despite this soecification or limitation there has been a give and take state with Al - Basra's syntactical expression owing to its priority and pecedence because there are notion and opinions stating that the rise or origin was at the same time and from scholars who were contemperaries to the establishment of Al - Basra's syntax. This was a reason for electing and choosing such a study because many of the meaning's features apply to it according to the methodo - logy of studying the expression. The study necessitates a descriptive, theoretical, and applicational methodology in expression, the reseracher tries to make use of what has been tackled in the former studies of Al - Kufiee's syntactical expression and applies at the same time what the study has arrived at in the field of researching that in a numerous titles have been mentioned derived from the actual applicational study of the expression. The relied on methodolgy started from what really exists and not from what is assumed to exist. This necessitates modifying or changing the methodology for more than once and in lieu of the subject in question. The sources and refrences connected with my study, either those concerned with the syntactical expressions in general or with Al - Kufiee's expression in particular had their effect in paving the way towards reasoning and argumentation and aiding me to delimit the scope of my study and its objective domain or field. The sources or refere - nces I depended on most in allocating the applicational positions of Al - Kufi's syntactic expression are the following references : (The Meanings of the Qura'n) by Ali - Bin Hamza Al - Kisaae (189H), (The meanings of the Qura'n) by Yahyia Bin Ziyad Al - Ferra (207H), (The Concise Syntax) by Ibin Sa'adaan Al - Kufi (231H), (Logic Reformation), by Jacob Ibn Isaac bin Al - Sukeit (244H) , (Thalab's councils) by Ahmed bin Yahyia Thalab (291H), (The Explication of Pauses and beginning), (The Explanation of the long Seven poems), (masculine and feminine) by Muhammad bin Al - Qassim Al - Anbari (328H) in addition to other traditional sources which contributed to stand on Al - Kufi's syntacti - cal expression and to make a comparison between him and Al - Basra's Syntactical expressio. As for the refrences that I greatly benefitted from in my study, these inclu - ded studies that concerned with the Syntactical expression in general and with Al - Kufi's in particular or with both schools like : (Kufa School and its methodology in studying language and its methodology in studying language and syntax) by doctor Mehdi Al - Makhzoumi, (The syntactical schools) by doctor Khadega Al - Hadithi, (Abu Zakarya Al - Faraa and his creed in Language and syntax) by doctor Ahmed Mekki Al - Ansari, (The Syntactical expression, its rise, development till late third century A.H) by doctor Awadth Hamed Al - Kouzi), (The syntactical expression and the origin of meaning) by doctor Riyadh Othman, (The Encyclopedia of the Syntactical) by doctor Yokhana Mirza Al - khamis,and many other studiesd that eased the difficulty of the Study and helped in directing some Kufi's syntactical expressions to the suitable place, all these difficulties were overcome with the aid of God and hid grace. The title of the thesis obliged me to have a look at some academic theses and disseratations entitled (The Syntactic Expression). All these studies tried to remedy and treat the stablizied syntactical expression at a particular syntactical personality or numerous ones. The land marks of one thorough syntactical expression cannot be clarified in the light of one personality because the world might be electric in opting its expressions in accordance with its intellectual directions which differ or vary according to individuals. This may not endow a fixed picture or vie for the subject if we followed the same means or method of researching.

ايات الاصحاب في القران الكريم - دراسة دلالية == The Verses Of "As - Haab / Companions" In The Holy Quraan : A Semantic Study

Author name: صفاء حميد ضيوف
Supervisor name: مرتضى عباس فالح السلمي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present thesis aims at studying the verses that explicitly use the term "As - haab/ companions" and its derivatives within the specified context and the context of other verses related to it so as to show its semantic value , know its deep details, show the contents of its expressive ways , show the hiddens and psychological impulses in every type of companionship which reveal the true nature of their deeds , actions and behaviours. It also aims at portraying their present and future circumstances. This study depends on describing the linguistic phenomenon in the Quranic usage and analyzing it through pursuing the Quranic verses related to the subject. The nature of the subject has necessitated that the study of its verses be divided into three chapters starting with an introduction and preface and rounded up with the main conclusions followed by a list of the sources and references cited in the study and used by the researcher.The preface deals with the concept of "as - haab" by studying both the linguistic and idiomatic meanings and its expression in the Quranic usage. The first chapter is devoted to studying the companions of the earthly place. The researcher is interested in studying the place to which the term "as - haab" was attributed in accordance with the partnership of the general meaning to which theses places refer. This part was studied in two sections : The first is about the companions of the place enjoying heavenly care.The second is about companions of the place enjoying heavenly punishment. Chapter Two is about the afterlife companions and falls into two sections : The first involves companions of symbolic place.The second is about companions of the other life.Chapter Three is dedicated to studying the other meanings of companionship mentioned by the Holy Quraan; the words attributed or added to "as - haab" or one of its derivatives. The attempt has been to give a complete picture of the verses of "as - haab" in the Quraan to show the semantic features of the various companions and to what they lead in the context they come in and the meaning they came up with in the light of studying meanings of the linguistic styles of the verses. The chapter is in two sections : The first is studying man to man companionshipThe second is about studying other attributed companionships

مناهـج المسـتشرقين في دراسـة اصـوات اللغـة العربيـة في ضـوء الكتب المترجمـة == Orientalists'' Approaches In Studying Arabic Sounds

Author name: سهير كاظم حسن العصفور
Supervisor name: حامد ناصر عبود الظالمي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Science of sounds is regarded as one of those sciences that the study of which is significantly developed after is witnessed a long period of stagnation. This science has become to represent the developed manifestation of Modern Linguistics more than any other branch thereof. This development is reflected through it various methodologies of research, different devices and advanced equipment's that assisted in the field of linguistic sounds. Orientalist's endeavors have been directed to study Arabic language at all phonetic, morphological, grammatical and denotative levels. Using Arabic language by orientalists as a means to understand the Hebrew of Torah in the 16th century and the beginning of 17th century helped to elevate Arabic language to move ahead. In the 17th and 18th centuries, European Linguists were concerned with the language international structure hierarchically and this in fact influenced their orientations to study Arabic and some other Semitic languages such as Hebrew. They focused on the study of those two languages which belong to the ancient centuries. There was a drastic development in the field of linguistic studies in Europe in the 17th century, specifically in the field of Indo - European languages when Franz Bob made a comparison among the morphological systems of verbs in Sanskrit, Persian, Germanic and Greek languages. Accordingly ,this has made its own influence in the context of Semitic Languages Study by Orientalists especially after the discovery of many Assyrian.Aramaic and old Southern Arabic transcripts.This discovery widened the historical depth of comparison. Researchers concerned with the study of standard language by itself and they considered accents branching from the standard language as erroneous types but in the 19th century, after scientists discovered that rural accents contain the forms of structure in the standard language. Orientalists spent massive efforts to record the various accents of Arabic language. The initiative of studying Arabic sounds appeared in 19th century by some of the Western and Orientalists.Research has been widely developed in the respect alongside with the development of life and various types of science. Orientalists ,researches of Arabic sounds were brought up varied in compliance with the variation of both ,their studies on one hand and methodologies of research adopted by them in these studies on the other. Science of sounds is a branch of linguistic, and it is divided into two branches.First, Phonetics which deals with the linguistic sounds in isolation of the context. Second, Phonology which deals with sounds when forming speech sequence, phonetic rules governing such context and various linguistic phenomena such substitution , Diphthong , Al Emalah (pending) , Kl Tafkheem (Amplification ), Glotallization and other phonological issues. In the light of translated books , the research sought to introduce the methodologies adopted by Orientalists in studying the sounds of Arabic language. They involved Modern Linguistic Approaches in their study : - Historical approach - Comparative Historical Approach - Descriptive Approach - The Approach of linguistic Geography which is regarded as one of the applied linguistic approaches. The researcher noticed that Orientalists disagree over the number of the places of articulation.Brokelman arranged them into five places of articulations while Kanito did so into nine ones, flish in six ones.Billa , into eleven ones and he joined the features with the articulations. Moskati did so into seven places of articulation. Furthermore, Orientalists disagree over the arrangement of some places of sounds articulation that some of the arrange such places of articulation initially while others delay them compared to that arrangement adopted by Arabs such as(? ), and (?).Some Orientalists state that these articulations of( Arabic Kaf), that is , they are velar but others regard them as being pharyngeal articulated from(?) , and (?). Moreover, Orientalists disagree over the description of some places of articulation such as the articulation of (Arabic lam sound) that some of them regarded it as being lingual.Others regarded it as a palatal sound , others regarded it side - dental. Orientalists conducted deep researchers to study the sounds of Arabic Language and they read the books of early grammarians and the books of readings. They promoted wide range research concerning phonetic phenomena. Despite their being significantly accurate in describing the phonetic phenomenon, yet they wouldn't pay enough attention to some phenomena that they didn't explain thereof clearly enough nor they analyze such phenomenon sufficiently such as Emalat (bending) of (Ha'a), Al waqf and glottalization phenomenon. They mentioned only specific sides of such phenomena. Some Orientalists such as Kanito and Brajbishrasar cited Quran verses during their research to substitute some of language sounds or make them diphthong. Kantino was not precise in translating some of verses or the numbers thereof. Irrespective of the reason that motivate Orientalists to study Arabic language so their studies were highly helpful and even though the phonetic research was emerged out of the works of the works of Arabic linguists long ago yet, its development is accomplished at present by Orientalists.

الادب الاندلسي بين محاولات القمع وهاجس الابداع من عهد الامارة الى نهاية عهد الموحدين (138هـ - 635هـ) == Andalusian Literature Between Suppresaive Attempts And Creativity Premonition From Era Of Emarate Till The End Of Monothesists Era (138 A.H - 635 A.H)

Author name: نوران جمعة ابراهيم الحجاج
Supervisor name: علي مطشر نعيمة الشريفي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The creativity is deed the utmost aim for which the literary inspirits to trough it, facing its consequences and problems to adjunct the group of eminent of his pairs ; poets and authors thus we found that he attempts hardly to eternize his name and to document his creative work with all literary brogue and ability enhancing him to complete his way of brightness in the field of art. Thus, we accredited in this research on finding creativity aspects of this Andalusian and what he exposed to the intrigue and conspiracy of the Prince's high structure scarifying on their interests and objectives,plan of study we applied is consisted of three chapters were preceded by introduction, preface and finally a conclusion. preface arguedthe linguistic and terminology concepts for the terms of repression and obsession of creative and the most important constituents exciting literary to be creative and to realize his aim and then detect the obstacles and problems prevent achieving this purpose which occupied the mind of creative AndalusianLiterary. First chapter argues the forms of repression the Andalusian Literary exposed to in the high structure from the slanderers enemies who dedicated their efforts to monitor literates and making traps to repressive them by poetry removing them from high structure. And also express the attitude of some rulers and princes in Andalusia towards poets and literary and their creativity.Second chapter was to show the attitude of registering authority from the Andalusian Creativity individually such as exposure to the poets themselves or massively representing by repression some literary sorts which the Andalusians their unique insight and talents.Third chapter including the Andalusian Art achievement which is the outcome of their mind and creativity to promote the Andalusian Art proving the Andalusian identity forwarding a message including that Andalusians are eligible to reach the summit and be like their pairs if they get opportunity exciting them to render poems and assisting them to present their activity.At conclusion which is deemed the summary of research, we show most important results we concluded.

التماسك النصي في السور السبع الطوال == Cohesion In The Seven Long Chapters Of Quran

Author name: خليل عبد المعطي عثمان
Supervisor name: صيوان خضير خلف المياحي | سالم يعقوب يوسف
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: In Iinguistics , a new branch has recentIy emerged , i.e. ' Text Linguistics ' which gives fuII consideration to texts and the way in which these texts hang together as cohesive texts , performing various purposes in different ways. As such , the topic of text Iinguistics in generaI and grammaticaI cohesino in particuIar has become an area of interest of many Iinguists. One of the many reasons for seIecting this topic is to obtain more KnowIedge in this area , i.e. ' grammaticaI cohesion ' aIong with its different schooIs of thought , hoping to appIy it to Quranic texts in an attempt to anaIyze it textuaIIy. The significance of this study Iies in : 1)studying Quranic texts by adopting a text Iinguistics - based approach focusing on cohesion in generaI and grammaticaI cohesion in particuIar. 2) utiIizing both modern Iinguistic terminoIogy and traditionaI terminoIogy.3) focusing on ' cohesion ' as an approach to studying and anaIyzing the seven Iong chapters of Quran as sampIe of the study. The study fuIIs in to five chapters ( two chapters deaI with the defining matters and the theoreticaI part of the study and three chapters deaI with the practicaI part of the study )preceded by an introduction and foIIowed by concIusions and Iist of references. In the introduction , issues such as the reasons behind seIecting the topic , its significance and methodoIogy adopted are introduced. Chapter one, for its part , deaIs with the text and its grammar , and the difference between the sentence grammar and text grammar. Chapter two titIed ' Text Iinguistics and Cohesion ' focuses on the different opinions proposed by various schoIars ( be they oId or modern ) , cohesion and its types as weII as the schoIars ' views on cohesion and its importance in discourse anaIysis. WhiIe chapters three deaIs with grammaticaI cohesion ,such as reference , eIIipsis, substitution and conjunction and chapter four focuses on IexicaI cohesion , such as reiteration , coIIocation and its types , chapter five , for its part , deaIs with the infIuence of context.text recipient and occasion on text cohesion. Chapter six , for its part, speIIs out the main concIusions that the researcher has drawn : 1)AIthough it is not easy to define what " text" exactIy mean, any text shouId be cohesive.2) Cohesion is the main eIement in anaIyzing any text and thus distinguishing a text from just a group of Iinguistic eIements.3) Some schoIars , such as HaIIiday and Hasan did not mention 'reIative pronouns ' as cohesive devices , but the researcher and some other schoIars have identify them as cohesive devices.4) There is no harm to use modern Iinguistic ideas to study Quarnic texts as Iong as there is no contradiction them and our reIigion

افعال الحركة للطبيعة في التعبير القراني == Verbs Of Movement For Natural In Qurans Expression

Author name: عبد الحي عبد النبي زيبك العبادي
Supervisor name: فاخر هاشم سعد الياسري
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Praise be to Allah, Bari creatures wholes, and Mustafa Muhammad, may Allah bless him and his family, and Adam between water and mud, and prayers and peace be upon him and his family a granite blessed, and his companions Almentajabin.After : throughout the ages was a field ground for study and a field plenty of Tnkir in its goals, thanks to its cognitive and aesthetic depth, starting with his own language, which disable all?Koran the book of God immortal, and search of the noblest blessings that can fade researcher and adds to the old his years ago because the word of Allah a statement, and his style flowing senses static move in every place and time, and imagination semantic in the words of the Koran, including an astounding bright minds, with great likeness and beautifully woven and depth of sense, and which of the miracles and the statement allows multiple study which can be added to other Quranic Studies.Among the most prominent reasons that stood behind the choice of subject, because of the reaction of two characteristic distinguish it from is from the words, the two time event, in addition to the importance of the verb in the language, making it the centerpiece of significance, his work in the compositions Whatever his rank, moreover how it connotations sensory and moral , field of study was in the vicinity of the actions of the movement, which radiate out the implications of the central acts and grow in the context of the features of aesthetic and suggestive.Came this study feed into a tributary of the Quranic joists dealing with words, has been classified researcher study into three chapters, the first chapter singled study (the actions of the movement related to living with nature), has been ranked on five sections, according to the living creatures that have been associated with the movement acts, animals and birds, and fish, insects, reptiles, and certainly human does not enter into these categories, as well as the plant.The second chapter under the title (the actions of the movement of nature are silent), has been ranked on five Investigation Also, four of which are classified according to the elements it includes the perceived universe of heaven earth, sun, and the moon, and the fifth section was under other acts title included elements shooting stars and mountains , natural phenomena associated with the elements of Silent nature like a deluge and wind.The third chapter titled (artistic expression of some acts of nature movement in the Koran), this chapter enrolled, according to totals dictated by movement acts related to nature, live and silent and in both, and these acts studied dependent manner artistic taste in the actions of the movement and characteristics expressive in Quranic context links analysis and came five sections, too, and the study followed the conclusion of the most important findings of the researcher, and then followed by a proven sources and references

المحسنات المعنوية في ادعية الصحيفة السجادية == Embellishments In The Prayers Of Alsahifah Alsajjadiyah

Author name: اسعد جساب مغامس محيي
Supervisor name: مرتضى عباس فالح السلمي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Undoubtedly, the texts of Alsahifah Alsajjadiyah belong to the creative texts whose features are very distinguished. They need to be discovered and stand at, researchers have raced to gain the honor of researching their structures and discovering the secrets of their rhetoric. This study (Figures of Speech in the Prayers of Alsahifah Alsajjadiyah) was a trial to gain this great honor. The study is interested in the semantics of the figures of speech in Alsahifah Alsajjadiyah by Imam Ali Bin AlHussein (Peace be upon him). This depended on the activity of the semantics of the figures of speech in the structures of its texts. Good employment of the figures of speech and the Imam's knowledge of the value of the creativity in literary texts enhanced the vitality of the figures of speech. I believe that he tried to uncover the latent expressive power of these arts that help contribute in enhancing the texts, showing their references, and highlighting their artistic features. The study consists of three chapters preceded by an introduction and a prelude and followed by the conclusion, which summed up the topic and the results, and the list of references. The prelude includes a theoretical preface about the concepts, emergence, and function. It deals with the importance of Alsahifah Alsajjadiyah and its rhetoric, a summary about the emergence of rhetoric, its development stages and its function. Chapter one deals with the (Arts of Harmony) in four sections : (antithesis, analogy, congeries), it is followed by an appendix that tackles (arts of fusion). Chapter two is about (arts of delusion). It contains three sections : (pun, feigning ignorance by the learned, resemblance). It is followed by the art of (abstraction, praising in blame like style, good justification). Chapter three deals with the arts of elaboration and summarization. It includes three sections (epanodos, plurality and division). I added an appendix that deals with the art of (Combining and differentiating, Combining with differentiation and division). I looked at each section from two perspectives : the theoretical perspective and the practical one. Then I draw the conclusion which is the gist of the topic and the results of the study.The most important thing that the study reached at is that the arts of embellishments gain an extra importance for studying them in such creative texts, because their being well employed in the texts gave them a vitality that greatly impacted the text, which met the requirements of coherence and continuity and harmony. The study has also hinted that the use of these embellishments in the text of Alsahifah Alsajjadiyah cannot be considered as rhetorical embellishments only that complete the references, but the Imam had employed them to structure his texts as an expressive and vital tool which has a great impact on the two levels of rhetoric and semantics
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