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تحضير مسحوق النحاس النانوي بطريقة تفجير السلك بمساعدة الليزر لتطبيقات المضادات الحيوية == The Nano - Copper Synthesized via Laser Assisted Electric Wire Explosion Method and Application as Antimicrobial

Author name: سوسن طلال جمعة حيدر
Supervisor name: اسامة اسماعيل خضير | بهاء عبد الرسول مجيد
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • Historical Overview on Electric Explosion of Wires
  • Applications of Metal Copper Nano powders
  • Physical and chemical properties of copper
  • Literature Survey on Wires Explosion Technique
  • Advantages and Disadvantages of EEW Technique
  • Non-Equilibrium State of EEW Nanometals Production
  • Characteristics of EEW Technique
  • Structural properties of thin films
  • Atomic Force Microscopy Measurements (AFM)
  • Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
  • Fungi types (Candida albicans (C. albicans))
  • Difference Between Bacteria and Fungi
  • Characterization and Morphological Inspections
  • X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Inspection
  • Scanning Electron Microscope Inspection (FE-SEM) and Energy Dispersed X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX)
  • Atomic Force Microscope Inspection (AFM)
  • Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
  • FE-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM)
  • Energy Dispersed X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX)
  • Atomic Force Microscopy
  • Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

توصيف فيزيائي للمركب النانوي CdS - PVA المشوب بالالمنيوم لمتحسس الغاز == Physical Characterization of Al - doped CdS - PVA Nanocomposite for Gas Sensor

Author name: حـيـدر مـحـمـد طالـب
Supervisor name: علي احمد يوسف الشمري | عادل عمران حبيب الخياط
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • 1.5. Properties of Cadmium Sulfide (CdS)
  • 1.6. Applications of Cadmium Sulfide (CdS)
  • 1.7. Properties of Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) (PVA)
  • 1. 8. Properties of Aluminum (Al)
  • 2. 2. 2. X-Ray Diffraction Spectroscopy
  • 2. 3. Surface Morphology Properties
  • 2. 4. Surface Topography Properties
  • 2. 5. Optical Properties of Semiconductor crystals
  • 2. 8. Gas Sensing Mechanism
  • 2. 9. The properties of NO2 and H2S Gas
  • 2. 10. Gas Sensor Properties
  • 3. 5. 2. Solution Preparation of Al-doped CdS-PVA
  • 3. 6. Characterization Methods
  • 3. 6. 1. Thin Film Thickness Measurement
  • 4. 2. 2. Structural Properties of Al-doped CdS-PVA nanocomposites
  • 4. 2. 2. 1. Structure Parameters
  • 4. 3. Morphological Properties
  • 4. 3. 1. Surface Morphology of CdS-PVA nanocomposites
  • 4. 3. 2. Surface Morphology of Al-doped CdS-PVA nanocomposites
  • 4. 4. Topographical Properties
  • 4. 4. 1. Surface Topography of CdS-PVA nanocomposites
  • 4. 4. 2. Surface Topography of Al-doped CdS-PVA nanocomposites

الصناعة الحديثية عند الشيخ عبد الكريم المدرس (ت1426هـ) في تفسيره مواهب الرحمن في تفسير القران == The hadith industry according to Sheikh Abdul Karim Al - Mudarres (d. 1426 AH) in his interpretation of Mawahib Al - Rahman in interpreting the Qur’an

Author name: ود وليد حميد
Supervisor name: احمد جاسم محمد
General topic: Islamic Sciences
Specific topic: Islamic Education
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • التعريف بالشيخ عبد الكريم المدرس وكتابه
  • التعريف بالشيخ عبد الكريم المدرس
  • التعريف بكتابه(مواهب الرحمن في تفسير القران)
  • الصناعة الحديثية عند الشيخ عبد الكريم المدرس في تفسيره مواهب الرحمن في تفسير القران
  • صنيعه فيما يخص رواية الحديث وكيفية اداءه
  • صنيعه فيما يخص جمعه للروايات في الحديث الواحد
  • صنيعه فيما يخص مختلف الحديث
  • صنيعه فيما يخص الروايات التفسيرية
  • صنيعه فيما يخص الاسرائيليات
  • صنيعه فيما يخص موارده في التفسير

توقع اداء نظام كهروضوئي شمسي اعتمادا على قياسات عملية == Performance prediction of a solar PV system based on experimental measurements

Author name: محمد جواد ياسين
Supervisor name: احمد فرحان عطوان | نصير كريم قاسم
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • The Solar Radiation Spectrum
  • Extraterrestrial Solar Radiation
  • Terrestrial Solar Radiation
  • Irradiance and Peak Sun Hours
  • Cadmium Tellurium (CdTe)
  • Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIS, CIGS)
  • Themo Sensitive Solar Cells and other Organ Cells (DSC)
  • PV Solar Systems Types
  • Stand-Alone (Off-Grid) Systems
  • Grid-Connected (Grid-Tied, on-Grid) Systems
  • Day Length Program (dl)
  • Theoretical Global Solar Radiation Program (GT)
  • Performance of the PV Solar Module Program (PPV)
  • PV Solar Cell Characterizations Program (CPV
  • Performance prediction of PV solar module in Baghdad
  • Weather conditions and performance prediction of PV module across Iraq

التاثير التضادي للجزيئات النانوية المصنعة حيويا من المستخلص المائي Agaricus bisporus على بعض الفطريات الممرضة للنبات == The Antagonistic Effect of Biosynthesized Nanoparticles From Aqueous Extract of Agaricus bisporus on Some Pathogenic Plant Fungi

Author name: ارجوان مجيد محمد الزبيدي
Supervisor name: رسل محمد جاسم | مهند مهدي عبد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • Methods Of Synthesis Of Nanoparticles
  • Synthesis Nanoparticles Using Microorganisms
  • Synthesis Using Plant Extracts
  • Synthesis Nanoparticles Using Algae
  • Agaricus bisporus
  • Fungal spoilage of fruits and vegetables
  • Types of Culture Media
  • Sabouraud Dextrose Agar
  • Preparation of aqueous extract of A. bisporus
  • Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles
  • The yeast identification by VITEK
  • Aquoes extract of A. bisporus and AgNps against molds
  • Aquoes extract of A. bisporus and AgNps against yeast
  • Characterization by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
  • Characterization by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
  • Aquoes extract of A. bisporus and AgNps against Tomato Rotting
  • The effect of aqueous extract of A. bisporus against molds

تقييم الفعالية الحيوية لبعض معاجين الاسنان المحضرة من بعض انواع المستخلصات النباتية تجاه بعض انواع البكتيريا المرضية في الفم == Evaiuation of the biological effectiveness of some toothpastes prepared from some types of plant extracts towards some pathogenic bacteria in the mouth. infections

Author name: رغد حاتم محمد العزاوي
Supervisor name: اسماء عزت سليم
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • الفم كموطن مايكروبي
  • الكائنات الحيه الدقيقة لفم الانسان Microbiome The Human Oral
  • اللويحة السنية ودورها في امراض الفم
  • البكتريا المسببة لتسوس الاسنان
  • البكتريا العقدية
  • مجموعة البكتريا المخضرة
  • اجناس اخرى معزولة من التسوس Other genera isolated from Caries
  • النباتات الطبية واهميتها
  • تاريخ تاثير النباتات على البكتريا
  • نبات البردقوش L. Origanum majorana
  • تاريخ صناعة معجون الاسنان
  • جدول معاجين الاسنان المستعملة والشركة المصنعة والمنشا
  • النباتات المستعملة
  • تحضير المحاليل الخاصة بتجربة انحلال الدم والنشاط المضاد لانحلال الدم
  • محلول ترايتون (x100 ( Triton بتركيز%0.1
  • محلول بيروكسيد الهيدوجين 1 مولاري
  • محلول حامض الهيدروكلوريك HCL بتركيز 1مولاري
  • المحلول الملحي الفسلجي
  • محلول ثابت العكورة القياسي
  • جمع العينات السريرية
  • عزل وتشخيص البكتريا - التشخيص الزرعي
  • الكشف النوعي عن المجاميع الفعالة من المركبات الكيميائية في المستخلصات النباتية قيد الدراسة
  • تقدير كمية الفلافونيدات الكلية
  • التاثير الازاحي باستعمال اختبارDPPH
  • قابلة البكتيريا على انتاج الانزيمات المحللة
  • انتاج الانزيم المحلل للدم Hemolysin productionتحلل كريات الدم خارج الكائن الحي In vitro hemolytic
  • تقييم النشاط المضاد للدم (انحلال الدم الناجم عن عامل مؤكسد)

مهارات التفكير المتشعب لدى طلبة قسم الرياضيات في كليات التربية الاساسية وعلاقتها بانماط تعلمهم == The Divergent thinking skills of students of the Department of Mathematics in the Colleges of Basic Education and its relationship to their learning styles

Author name: هبه طارق خميس
Supervisor name: فائزة عبد القادر عبد الرزاق الجلبي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

فاعلية انموذج رحلة التدريس في التحصيل واكتساب بعض عادات العقل لدى تلامذة المرحلة الابتدائية في مادة الرياضيات == Effectiveness of Teaching Journey Model in the Achievement and Acquisition of some Habits of Mind among Primary School Students in Mathematics

Author name: نور محمود منصور الكبيسي
Supervisor name: فائزة عبد القادر عبد الرزاق الجلبي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تحليل محتوى كتب الرياضيات للمرحلة الابتدائية وفقا لمهارات التفكير المستقبلي == Content Analysis of Mathematics Books in Elementary Stage according to Future Thinking Skills

Author name: زهراء صادق شمال
Supervisor name: غسان رشيد الصيداوي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

مدى تطابق موضوعات الهندسة والقياس في كتب رياضيات المرحلة الثانوية مع معايير وثيقة منهاج الرياضيات == The extent to which the topics of geometry and measurement in mathematics secondary stage books match the criteria of the mathematics curriculum document

Author name: مريم احمد محي
Supervisor name: غالب خزعل محمد
General topic: Educational Sciences
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تحليل محتوى كتب رياضيات المرحلة الاعدادية وفقا لمهارات التفكير التنسيقي == Analysis the content of mathematics books for preparatory stage based on the systematic thinking skills

Author name: عدنان احمد خميس الطائي
Supervisor name: فائزة عبد القادر عبد الرزاق الجلبي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

اثر التعلم المستند الى الدماغ في القوة الرياضية لدى طالبات الصف الاول المتوسط وتحصيلهن في مادة الرياضيات == The effect of brain - based learning on Mathematical Power for intermediate first grade students and their achievement in mathematics

Author name: رواء مالك عبد كاظم السعدي
Supervisor name: هاشم محمد حمزة الجميلي
General topic: Mathematics
Specific topic: Mathematics
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

مهارات التفكير الاحصائي المتضمنة في كتب رياضيات مرحلة التعليم الاساسي == Statistical thinking skills included in mathematics books in Basic education stage

Author name: تمارة سعد صالح
Supervisor name: عباس ناجي عبد الامير
General topic: Mathematics
Specific topic: Mathematics
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دراسة التاثير التازري لدقائق الفضة النانوية مع المضادات الحيوية ضد عزلات ال Acinetobacter baumannii والمعزولة من مرضى وذي الاضابات الجلدية

Author name: لمياء غاوي فجر
Supervisor name: اسماء عزت سليم | نهاية نعمة حسين
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

اثر استخدام تقنية الملاحظات الملصقة في تحصيل المفردات والاملاء للطلبة العراقيين دارسي اللغة الانكليزية لغة اجنبية == THE EFFECT OF USING STICKY NOTES TECHNIQUE ON THE VOCABULARY AND SPELLING ACHIEVEMENT OF IRAQI EFL LEARNERS

Author name: الزهراء علي مظلوم
Supervisor name: ضحى عطا الله حسن القره غولي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Vocabulary and spelling learning is a constant challenge for Iraqi teachers as well as students because there has been minimal focus on them in the Iraqi classrooms recently. Due to this, this study aims to investigate empirically the effect of using sticky notes technique on the vocabulary and spelling achievement of Iraqi EFL learners.The population of the present study is fifth grade secondary school female students (the scientific branch) in Baghdad City during the academic year (2014 - 2015). Of this population a sample of two groups is selected, the experimental group which is taught vocabulary and spelling by using sticky notes technique (with 23 students) and the control group which is taught vocabulary and spelling using the prescribed method in the Teachers’ Guide (with 33 students). These groups are randomly chosen from Maryam Al - Athra’a Secondary School for Girls from the Directorate General of Education/ Al - Rusafa III. The instructional material is limited to Units 5, 6, and 7 from English for Iraq. Of the whole instructional material the focus is on vocabulary and spelling.To fulfil the aim of the study and verify the hypotheses which state (There is no statistically significant difference in the mean scores of vocabulary achievement of learners who are taught vocabulary through sticky notes technique and those who are taught vocabularyXthrough the prescribed technique, there is no statistically significant difference in the mean scores of spelling achievement of learners who are taught spelling through sticky notes technique and those who are taught spelling through the prescribed technique, and there is no statistically significant difference in the mean scores of total vocabulary and spelling achievement of learners who are taught vocabulary and spelling through sticky notes technique and those who are taught vocabulary and spelling through the prescribed technique), an experiment is conducted. The two groups have been taught the same subject matter and an achievement test is constructed by the researcher and exposed to a jury of experts to verify its validity. The test reliability is calculated using Cronbach alpha yielding a coefficient of 0.814.Item analysis is carried out to determine the effectiveness of items in terms of their discriminating power and difficulty level. Then, the test is administered to the sample of the study at the end of the experimental teaching period. The t - test formula for independent samples is used to identify the significance of difference between the scores of the two groups. The t - test indicates that there is a statistically significant difference between the two groups in favour of the experimental one.As a result, it can be concluded that using sticky notes technique to improve vocabulary and spelling achievement has a positive result onthe students’ achievement in the written test and it motivates them to learn vocabulary and spelling effectively.In the light of the results of the study, a number of recommendations are stated and suggestions for further studies are put forward.

اثر استخدام اسلوبي التوليف وفكر - زاوج - شارك في تطوير مهارات الاستيعاب القرائي لدى طلبة المدارس الثانوية العراقيين == The Effect of Using Jigsaw and Think - Pair - Share Techniques on the Development of the Reading Comprehension Skills of Iraqi Secondary School Students

Author name: كرمل وليد فيصل
Supervisor name: عباس جاسم الدجيلي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Reading is assumed to be the central tool for learning new information and gaining access to alternative explanations and interpretations. Further, it provides the primary means for independent learning, whether the goal is performing better on academic tasks, learning more about subject matter, or improving language abilities. The increased focus on the teaching of reading and other literacy skills to learners may relate to the recognition that reading is actually the most fundamental skill for FL learners and the most crucial of the four language skills for EFL learners, as it enables them to gain exposure to the target language and receive valuable linguistic input to build language proficiency.Thus, this study implements two modern techniques for teaching and developing reading comprehension. These two techniques, Jigsaw and Think - Pair - Share, have been proved their positive effectiveness in the teaching of other skills. According to that, they are chosen to examine their effectiveness in teaching reading comprehension.This study aims at finding out the effect of using jigsaw and think - pair - share techniques on the development of the reading comprehension skills of Iraqi secondary school students. To fulfilIXthe aims of study, a non - randomized control group pre - test and post - test design has been applied to a sample of 85 second grade female pupils from Al - Yarmouk Intermediate School for Girls. The study demands two experimental groups and a control one. It is hypothesized that : 1. There is no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the jigsaw group, think - pair - share group and the control group (who is taught according to the teacher’s guide instructions ) in the reading comprehension post - test.2. There is no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the jigsaw group and that of the think - pair - share group in the reading comprehension posttest.The subjects of the three groups have been statistically matched according to their age (in months), their final scores in the midyear exam, and the academic level of their fathers and mothers.The results obtained by the statistical treatment of the data have shown that : 1. There is a statistically significant difference between the first experimental group, taught by jigsaw technique, and the control group, taught by prescribed method of teaching in reading comprehension performance, in favour of the first experimental group.X2. There is a statistically significant difference between the second experimental group, taught by Think - Pair - Share technique, and the control group in the reading comprehension performance, in favour of the second experimental group.3. There is no statistically significant difference between the first experimental group and the second experimental one in teaching reading comprehension performance.The study also proposes some conclusions, some of which are : 1. Implementing new and modern techniques in teaching contributes to the development of students' skills, knowledge, and achievement. Cooperative learning is one of the innovative pedagogies that has been found to be positively effective in students’ development in reading comprehension.2. Engaging students in learning allows them to reach their fullest potential in all aspects of development.3. It is vital for students to have peer support not only to learn the material at a deeper level, but also to know their classmates and to built a sense of community with them.XIDepending on the results of the present study, some recommendations are presented : 1. Teachers should help students understand how complex the task they are facing, give them the tools to learn the subject effectively.2. Teachers should make the students work on the words instead of simply going over them in a fill in the blank exercises or according a matching quiz. This can help the pupils develop more systematic and effective ways of learning.3. Teachers should be encouraged to incorporate into RC in classroom.

تاثير الوسيط الصريح على اداء الاستيعاب القرائي للمتعلمين العراقيين دارسي اللغة الانكليزية لغة اجنبية == THE IMPACT OF EXPLICIT MEDIATION ON IRAQI EFL LEARNERS’ READING COMPREHENSION PERFORMANCE

Author name: رافد رؤوف جاسم
Supervisor name: ضحى عطا الله حسن القره غولي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يعتبرالوسيط الصريح من خلال الوسيط النظير هي استراتيجية تشير الى ان التعلم يحدث من خلال المشاركة مع الاخرين, وان تفاعل التلاميذ مع نظرائهم الاكثر معرفة او قدرة يؤثر في طريقة تفكيرهم وتفسيرهم للمواقف المختلفة. ان العمل من خلال المجموعات المناظرة داخل الصف لها دور فاعل في تطوير القدرات المعرفية والعقلية لديهم. ان الهدف من الوسيط المناظر هو جعل التعلم ذاتيا اي الانتقال التدريجي بالمسؤولية من المعلم الى الاقران. لذلك تهدف هذه الدراسة الحالية معرفة اثر استراتيجية الوسيط الصريح من خلال الاقران في اداء الاستيعاب القرائي لدى الطلاب العراقيين دارسي اللغة الانكليزية لغة اجنبية. وللتحقق من اثر الاستراتيجية تم وضع الفرضية الاتية : " لايوجد فرق ذو دلالة احصائية بين المجموعة التجريبية التي طبقت عليها استراتيجية الوسيط العلني المناظر, والمجموعة الضابطة التي لم تطبق عليها هذه الاستراتيجية في تحصيلهم في الاستيعاب القرائي."وللتحقق من هذه الفرضية استخدم الباحث منهجا تجريبيا يتضمن تصميم مجموعتين واختبار بعدي. ان ادوات الاختبار لهذه الدراسة صممت بالشكل التالي : ا) اختبار قبلي يتكون من قطعتين استيعابيتين, ب) اختبار بعدي يحتوي على قطعتين استيعابيتين, وقد استخدم هذا الاختبار للمقارنة بين اداء المجموعتين عند نهاية الدراسة. من الجدير بالذكر ان الاختبارات المذكورة اعلاه قد عرضت على مجموعة من الخبراء للتحقق من مصداقية المحتوى واقترحوا بعض التعديلات. وبعد اجراء الاختبار الاستطلاعي تبين ان ثبات ومصداقية الاختبارات قد تم التحقق منها من خلال تطبيق معادلة كيودر - ريتشارد سون 20 للاختبارات الموضوعية ومعادلة الفا كرونباخ بالنسبة للاختبارات المقالية. وقد وجد ان قيمة الثبات للاختبار القبلي بلغ 0,87 للموضوعية و0,83 للاختبارات المقالية وبلغ معامل الثبات للاختبار البعدي 0,91 للاسئلة الموضوعية و0,88 للمقالية. بالنسبة للاختبار القبلي فقد استخدم لمكافئة المجموعتين وقياس مستوى تحصيلهم المعرفي السابق في الاستيعاب القرائي ولمعرفة الطالب الاكثر مهارة لاختياره كقائد للمجموعة بعد الاختيار العشوائي للمجموعة الضابطة والتجريبية.تالفت عينة البحث من طلبة الصف الرابع العلمي والبالغ عددهم 70 طالبا اختيروا عشوائيا على مجموعتين (مجموعة ضابطة ومجموعة تجريبية) تضم كل منهما 35 طالبا. كوفئت المجموعتان احصائيا في عدد من المتغيرات مثل العمر والتحصيل الدراسي للوالدين, ودرجات تحصيل الطلاب في اللغة الانكليزية للفصل الاول ونصف السنة ودرجات تحصيلهم في الاختبار القبلي.درست المجموعة التجريبية الاستيعاب القرائي باسلوب الوسيط العلني المناظر, ودرست المجموعة الضابطة بالطرق التقليدية وهي بحسب ما جاء في (دليل المعلم 8) سلسلة فرص العراق. طبقت التجربة في اعدادية مصطفى جواد للبنين في مدينة بغداد ضاحية المنصور ولفترة شهرين وخلال العام الدراسي 2013/2014. وبعد اجراء الاختبار البعدي اضهرت نتائج الدراسة بوضوح ان تحصيل المجموعة التجريبية التي درست باسلوب الوسيط الصريح المناظر اعلى من تحصيل المجموعة الضابطة التي درست بالاسلوب التقليدي.واستنادا الى النتائج المحصلة في اعلاه توصل الباحث الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات كان من اهمها : 1 - ان استراتيجية الوسيط الصريح المناظر فاعلة في تدريس الاستيعاب القرائي للطلاب العراقيين للمرحلة الاعدادية لان التعلم الجماعي يوفر بيئة دراسية مناسبة لممارسة اللغة الاجنبية والتي فيها يحاول المتعلمون التواصل بهذه اللغة. وهذا يعني ان هذه الاستراتيجية تحقق هدفين : الاستيعاب والتواصل. وان الاستراتيجيات التي تحد من دور الطلاب وخصوصا عندما يتعلق الموضوع بالاستيعاب غير فعالة في تطوير الاستيعاب القرائي وهذوااضح من خلال نتائج الدراسة الحالية.2 - الوسيط المناظر والانتقال التدريجي في التعليم من المعلم الى الطلاب يعزز الاعتقاد القائل "ما يتعلمه الطلاب اليوم مجتمعين, سيتعلمونه غدا بمفردهم."3 - ان التعلم من خلال الاقران هو اداة فاعلة للتعامل مع الكم الهائل من المعلومات, ومن البديهي ان كل فرد يمتلك معلومة يتشارك بها مع الاخرين.وفي خاتمة هذه الدراسة, قدم الباحث مجموعة من التوصيات والاقتراحات لاجراء دراسات اخرى. | Explicit mediation via peer mediation is a strategy that enables learning to take place when students work together in small groups in which more able peers instruct and help less able peers. This idea of peer mediation coincides with Vygotsky's idea that learning is social rather than individual and thinking is mediated by social context. On the other hand, social interaction plays a fundamental role in the development of all cognitive abilities, including thinking, learning, and communicating. Therefore, the present study investigates the effect of explicit mediation via peer mediation on learners' performance in reading comprehension in the context of English as a foreign language. To achieve this aim, the following hypothesis is postulated : It is hypothesized that there is no statistically significant difference between the achievement mean scores of the students who are taught reading comprehension using explicit mediation and those who are taught reading comprehension using the prescribed method. To verify the hypothesis, the post - test nonequivalent group design has been employed. The sample of this study was 70 students chosen from 4th grade secondary school students. This sample was distributed as follows : 1) 35 students for the control group, and 2) 35 students for the experimental group. The two groups were statistically equalized in a number of variables such as age, parents' level of education, achievement scores in English in the first term and midyear, and achievement scores on the pretest. The experimental group was taught reading comprehension by the explicit mediation, and the control group was taught by the method recommended in the prescribed method. The experiment was conducted in Baghdad City at Mustafa Jawad Secondary School for Boys. It lasted for two months in the academic year 2013 - 2014. The instruments of the current study involved two tests : a pretest which is used to equalize the Control Group and Experimental Group as well as to choose the leaders of the groups, and a posttest for the purpose of comparing the performance of the two groups at the end of the study. The instruments have been previously exposed to a jury of experts in order to ascertain their face and content validity. The experts have validated the face and content validity and suggested some modifications. After conducting the pilot study, their reliability was calculated by applying Kuder - Richardson formula 20 for the objective items and Alpha Cronbach for subjective ones. It was found that the reliability of the pretest is 0.80 for objective items and 0.83 for the subjective items. The reliability of the posttest is 0.91 for the objective items and 0.88 for subjective ones. The discriminatory powers and difficulty level of the instruments' items were also computed. After conducting the posttest, the result of the study apparently indicates that the achievement of the experimental group who were exposed to the explicit mediation technique is higher than that of the control group who were exposed to the prescribed technique. In other words, the explicit mediation technique is more influential than the prescribed method to enhance performance in reading comprehension. In light of the obtained results from this study, a number of conclusions have been drawn, among which the most important ones are : 1. Explicit mediation is an effective technique for teaching reading comprehension for Iraqi secondary school students, because such a cooperative technique provides target language practice in which learners try to communicate in the foreign language. This means that explicit mediation achieves two goals : comprehension and communication. 2. Peer mediation reinforces the belief that "what learners can do together today, they can do alone tomorrow". 3. Peer learning is a tool to cope with the massive influx of information. Obviously, each individual has his own information that can be shared with others. In conclusion of this study, some recommendations and suggestions for further studies have been put forward

اثر تاليف قاموس الطالب في الاملاء ومخزون المفردات للطلبة العراقيين دارسي اللغة الانكليزية لغة اجنبية في المدارس المتوسطة == The Effect of Developing a Pupil’s Dictionary on Spelling and Vocabulary Repertoire of Iraqi EFL Intermediate School Learners

Author name: محمد ضياء الطائي
Supervisor name: ضحى عطا الله حسن القره غولي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Developing a pupil’s dictionary is one of the techniques suggested to deal with the vocabulary and spelling difficulties of Iraqi EFL learners especially the intermediate school ones in order to reduce the misspelling ratio and to enlarge their vocabulary repertoire.Hence, the present study aims to investigate the effect of developing a pupils’ dictionary on vocabulary repertoire and spelling of Iraqi EFL intermediate school pupils. To achieve this aim, the following null hypotheses have been posed : 1. There is no statistically significant difference between the spelling achievement mean scores of the pupils who are taught by using the technique of developing pupil’s dictionary and those who are taught by using the prescribed method (teacher - centred).2. There is no statistically significant difference between the vocabulary achievement mean scores of the pupils who are taught by using the technique of developing pupil’s dictionary and those who are taught by using the prescribed method.3. There is no statistically significant difference between the overall achievement mean scores of the pupils who are taught by using the technique of developing pupil’s dictionary and those who are taught by using the prescribed method.4. There is no statistically significant difference between the development mean scores of the experimental group pupils on the pre - test and the post - test.The population of the present study is the male pupils of the second - grade intermediate schools in Baghdad during the academic year 2013 - 2014. The sample of the study consists of 65 pupils. The experimental group consists of 33 pupils whereas the control group consists of 32 pupils. These two groups are randomly chosen from Al - Nidhamyia Secondary School for Boys in Baghdad. The subjects ofIXboth groups are equalized in the level of their parents’ education, their age, their achievement in English in the mid - year exam, their grades on the pre - test, as well as some extraneous factors.To fulfil the aim of the study, an experiment is conducted using a non - equivalent pre - test post - test control group design. The two groups are taught the same material, which contains three units from the textbook Iraq Opportunities 6 except for the technique of developing Pupil’s Dictionary, which is introduced to the experimental group only. The researcher himself taught the two groups.Two versions of an achievement test (pre - test and post - test) are constructed by the researcher and exposed to a jury of experts to verify their validity. Reliability is calculated by using Kuder - Richardson formulas 20 and 21 yielding, coefficients of 0.93 and 0.95 respectively. Item analysis is carried out to determine the effectiveness of the items in terms of their discriminatory power and difficulty level. Then the tests are administered to the sample of the study prior to the experimental period and after it.The data of the post - test are analyzed statistically, using t - test formulas for two independent samples and two dependent samples. The findings indicate that there is a significant difference between the two groups in favour of the experimental one in the vocabulary, spelling, and overall achievement. The t - test also indicates that there is a significant difference between the pre - and post - tests scores for the experimental group in favour of the post - test showing significant development.It is concluded that the use of Pupil’s Dictionary technique has positive effect on the pupils’ vocabulary repertoire and spelling. According to the results of the study, a number of recommendations are stated and suggestions for further studies are put forward.

دراسة مدى ادراك التعابير المعجمية واستعمالها لدى طلبة الكلية العراقيين دارسي اللغة الانكليزية لغة اجنبية == Investigating Iraqi EFL College Students’ Awareness and Use of Lexical Chunks

Author name: اسامة مهدي نقي العلاق
Supervisor name: شذى كاظم مفتن السعدي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: المجموعات المعجمية : هي وحدات متعددة الكلمات يمكن ان تعمل كوحدات تامة المعنى او كصيغة ثابته المعنى او شبه ثابته، اذ يتم تخزينها في الذاكرة واسترجاعها ككل من دون تحليلها. تستخدم هذه المجموعة من الكلمات المعده مسبقا" لبناء مجموعات لغوية وزيادة ذخيرة المفردات لدارسي اللغة. كما انها فعاله وتساعد المتعلمين على الطلاقة في الكلام وزيادة مخزونهم المعجمي. ترتبط المجموعات المعجمية بمجال العبارات، وقد جذبت العديد من اللغويين والباحثين لان الطلبة يواجهون بعض الصعوبات في فهم واستخدام تلك المجموعات المعجمية. وتهدف الدراسة الحالية الى التقصي عن ادراك المجموعات المعجمية واستعمالها لدى طلبة الكلية العراقيين دارسي اللغة الانكليزية لغة اجنبية. ومن اجل تحقيق هدف الدراسة، طرحت الفرضيات الصفرية الاتية : 1. لا يوجد فرق ذو دلالة احصائية بين الوسط الحسابي لدرجات طلبة الكلية العراقيين دارسي اللغة الانجليزية لغة اجنبية في الوعي بالمجموعات المعجمية وبين الوسط الفرضي.2. لا يوجد فرق ذو دلالة احصائية بين الوسط الحسابي لدرجات طلبة الكلية العراقيين دارسي اللغة الانجليزية لغة اجنبية في استخدام المجموعات المعجمية وبين الوسط الفرضي.3. لا يوجد فرق ذو دلالة احصائية بين الوسط الحسابي لدرجات طلبة الكلية العراقيين دارسي اللغة الانجليزية لغة اجنبية في وعيهم واستخدامهم للمجموعات المعجمية. تالفت عينة الدراسة من 50 طالبا" وطالبة في المرحلة الثالثة في قسم اللغة الانجليزية بجامعة بغداد/ كلية الاداب خلال السنة الدراسية (2016 - 2017).ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة واختبار فرضياتها، تبنى الباحث اجراءين لجمع البيانات : الاول تحليل محتوى ثلاثة كتب دراسية للطلبة (Person to Person, Essay and Letter Writing, and Wuthering Heights Novel) ,لغرض استخراج المجموعات المعجمية منها. الثاني تطبيق اختبار يتالف من نوعين(الادراكي والانتاجي). وعرضت الادوات على مجموعة من الاساتذة المختصين كلجنة تحكيمية للتاكد من صدقها، وتم حساب ثبات الاختبار من خلال تطبيقه على عينة استطلاعية. وقد استخدمت الاساليب الاحصائية المناسبة لتحليل البيانات التي تم جمعها.وقد نتج عن تحليل البيانات النتائج الرئيسة التالية : 1. وعي طلبة المرحلة الثالثة في الكلية دارسي اللغة الانجليزية لغة اجنبية في المجموعات المعجمية مقبول.2. لدى طلبة المرحلة الثالثة في الكلية دارسي اللغة الانجليزية لغة اجنبية مستوى غير مقبول في استخدام المجموعات المعجمية، فضلا انهم يواجهون صعوبة في انتاجها. 3. يوجد فرق ذو دلالة احصائية بين وعي واستخدام المجموعات المعجمية لدى طلبة الكلية العراقين دارسي اللغة الانكليزية لغة اجنبية والفرق لصالح الوعي.واخيرا، وبناء على النتائج التي تم التوصل اليها، اقترحت بعض التوصيات وقدمت بعض المقترحات حول اجراء المزيد من الدراسات. | Lexical chunks are multi - word units which can function as meaningful units with a fixed or semi - fixed form. They are stored in memory and retrieved as unanalyzed whole. These prefabricated sequence of word building blocks of language are effective to learners as they increase vocabulary repertoire and aid fluency in speech. Lexical chunks are related to the realm of phraseology, and have attracted the attention of many linguists and researchers, as the students face some difficulties in comprehending and using them. The current study intends to investigate Iraqi EFL college students’ awareness and use of lexical chunks. To achieve the aim of the study, the three null hypotheses below have been posed : 1 - There is no statistically significant difference between the mean score of Iraqi EFL college students’ awareness of lexical chunks and the theoretical mean.2 - There is no statistically significant difference between the mean score of Iraqi EFL college students’ use of lexical chunks and the theoretical mean.3 - There is no statistically significant difference between Iraqi EFL college students’ mean scores of awareness and use of lexical chunks. The sample of the study consists of fifty EFL third - year students, of the College of Arts/ University of Baghdad, during the academic year 2016 - 2017. In order to achieve the aim of the study and test its hypotheses, two procedures for data gathering are adopted. The first is content analysis for three students’ textbooks (Person to Person, Essay and Letter Writing, and Wuthering Heights Novel) for the purpose of eliciting lexical chunks. The second procedure is construction of a test of two types (recognition and production). The above mentioned instruments are exposed to jury of experts to ascertain their validity. Also test reliability is calculated after a pilot administration of the test, which yielded reliability coefficient of 0.87. Suitable statistical methods are used to analyze the collected data. The analysis of the data has led to following : 1. Third year EFL college students’ awareness of lexical chunks is average. 2. Third year EFL college students have unacceptable level of using lexical chunks and they face difficulty in producing them.3. There is statistically significant difference between Iraqi EFL college students’ awareness and use of lexical chunks in favor of awareness. Finally, on the basis of the obtained results, some recommendations and suggestions for further studies are put forward

فاعلية التعلم الموجه ذاتيا في تعليم مهارة الكلام لطلاب الكليات العراقية دارسي اللغه الانكليزية لغة اجنبية == The Effectiveness of Self - Directed Learning in Teaching the Speaking Skill to Iraqi EFL College Students

Author name: غادة كريم المحمداوي
Supervisor name: رضا غانم داخل
General topic: Educational Sciences
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: المستخلص ان التعلم الموجه ذاتيا هو عمليه التعلم التي من خلالها ياخذ المتعلمون على عاتقهم المسوؤليه الاساسية في تعلمهم, بدءا بتحديد اهدافهم, رسم طريقة تدريسية ذاتية لاتباعها في تعلمهم وايجاد المصادر والمراجع المناسبة والممكن الاعتماد عليها لاكتساب المعرفة. سواء كان التعلم الموجه ذاتيا منهجيا او غير منهجيا, فهو افضل واسهل طريقة لاكتساب معرفة تستمر مدى الحياة, يظن عندما تبذل جهودا لتعلم شيء ما فان الاحتفاظ به سيكون اسرع, فكلما نكثر القراءة عن موضوع معين كلما كانت عملية الاحتفاظ بالمقروء افضل, والكثرة هنا لا تشيرالى كمية المواد الدراسية بل تشير الى كثرة الاراء المختلفة عن الموضوع نفسه, فبالقراءة والبحث عن وجهات نظر مختلفة لموضوع معين سوف يتشكل راي ونظرة جديدة بالتدريج نتيجة القراءة, وعندما تشكل فكرة او راي جديد ستكون عملية الاحتفاظ بما هو مشكل نتيجة البحث والقراءة افضل واستعادته اسرع في مواقف مختلفة. فضلا عن ذلك, ان التعلم الموجه ذاتيا يعد من افضل الطرق التدريسية لتعليم الكبار فطالما هم يكبرون فسوف يشكلون مبادئهم ومعتقداتهم الخاصة بهم لذا فمن المحتمل رفضهم للتعلم الالزامي او اي موضوع لا يناسب اهتماماتهم. لذا فلحل هكذا مشكلة يلعب التعلم الموجه ذاتيا دورا دقيقا وشائكا باعطائهم فرصة اختيار مايريدون تعلمه لكن بضمن الحدود التي وضعت من المعلم ذاته. لقد استخدمت نماذج مختلفة من التعلم الموجه ذاتيا في عدد من الدراسات المختلفة, الا انه في الدراسة الحالية استخدم نموذج كرو ( التعلم المرحلي الموجه ذاتيا), الذي من خلاله قاد المعلم الطلاب خلال اربع مراحل من التعلم. تهدف الدراسة الحالية الى التحقق من فاعلية التعلم الموجه ذاتيا في تعليم مهارة الكلام لطلاب الكليات العراقية دارسي اللغة الانكليزية لغة اجنبية. فقد تم الافتراض انه لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين المجموعة التجريبية والتي درست باستخدام التعلم الموجه ذاتيا والمجوعة الضابطة التي درست باستخدام الطرق الحالية (التعلم الموجه بوساطة المعلم) على ادائهم الشفوي. لتحقيق هدف الدراسة الحالية اتبعت الباحثة عدد من الاجراءات وهي كالاتي : اولا اعتمدت على النوع الاتي من التصميم التجريبي : تصميم تجريبي لمجموعتين غير متكافئتين اختبار قبلي واختبار بعدي, اختيار عينة ممثلة وتوزيعها في مجموعتين مجموعه تجريبية ومجموعة ضابطة, بناء اختبار بعدي شفوي والتاكد من صدقه وثباته واماكنية تطبيقه, تدريس المجموعه التجريبة باستخدام نموذج كرو للتعلم الموجه ذاتيا, بينما تدريس المجموعة الضابطة مادة المحادثة باستخدام التعلم الموجه بوساطة المعلم, تهيئة الاختبار البعدي للمجموعتين في نهاية التجربة, واخيرا تجمع البيانات وتحسب وتحلل باستخدام الادوات الاحصائية المناسبة. شملت العينة الحالية 76 طالبا من قسم اللغة الانكليزية, كلية التربية الاساسية, الجامعة المستنصرية في السنة لدراسية 2016 - 2017. وزعت العينة على مجموعتين المجموعة التجريبية التي تحتوي على 39 طالبا ومجموعة ضابطة تحوي 37 طالبا. وقد كوفئت المجموعتان في بعض المتغيرات المؤثرة التي هي : (العمر، والجنس، ومستوى الوالدين في التعليم, الاستقلالية، والاختبار القبلي ودرجاتهم في مادة المحادثة في الكورس الاول.صمم اختبار بعدي وعرض على عدد من الخبراء المتخصصين في طرائق التدريس لغرض التاكد من صدقه الظاهري. في حين تم حساب ثبات الاختبار بوساطة استعمال معامل الارتباط بيرسن.بعد تحليل البيانات باستخدام الاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين اظهرت النتائج ان هناك فروقا ذات دلالة احصائية بين المجموعتين في درجاتهم ، ولصالح المجموعة التجريبية التي تم تدريسها بوساطة التعلم الموجه ذاتيا, وهذا يدل على ان تدريس المحادثة باستخدام نموذج كرو للتعلم الموجه ذاتيا هو اكثر فعالية من التدريس بالطريقة التقليدية. واستنادا الى نتائج الدراسة الحالية ، تم وضع الاستنتاجات المناسبة، والتوصيات, والمقترحات لدراسات اخرى. | Self - directed learning (SDL) is the process in which the learners take the primary accountability of their learning, starting with setting their goals, designing a personal method to follow in their learning, finding the suitable references and resources from which they can take their knowledge. Whether formal or informal self - directed learning can be the best way to gain a lifelong knowledge, it is believed that making efforts in learning something will help to retain it fast. Also it is seen that self - directed learning would be considered as the preferable way to teach adults as long as they are growing up they will start to shape their own principles and beliefs so they will probably reject any obligatory learning, or any subject which does not fit their interests, so as to solve such a problem, self - directed learning can play a tricky role by giving them the chance to choose what they want to learn. Different models of SDL are used in different studies, in the current study Grow's model (staged self - directed learning) is used, through which the teacher led the students through four stages of learning : the dependent learner, the interested learner, the involved learner, and the self - directed learner.The aim of the current study is to investigate the effectiveness of self - directed learning in teaching the speaking skill to Iraqi EFL college students. It is hypothesized that there are no statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental group which is taught by using Self - directed learning and that of the control group which is taught according to the current methods (Teacher - directed learning) in their oral performance. To accomplish the aim of the present study, the following procedures have been used : choosing a quasi pretest - posttest nonequivalent - groups experimental design; selecting a representative sample and dividing it into two groups : experimental and control, forming an oral post - test, and assuring its validity, reliability and practicality; teaching the experimental group by using Grow's model of SDL, while the control group was taught conversation by the teacher - directed method; applying the post - test on both groups after completing the experiment; and then collecting , computing and analyzing data by using suitable statistical tools. The sample of the present study includes 76 students from the Department of English Language, College of Basic Education, Al - Mustansiriyah University, during the academic year 2016/2017. The sample of the study has been distributed into 39 students as an experimental group and 37 students as a control group. Both groups have been equalized in some variables, namely age, gender, parents’ level of education, dependence and the pre - test. A post - test has been designed and exposed to a group of experts in the fields of ELT and linguistics in order to ascertain its face validity, while reliability has been ensured by using Person Correlation Formula. After analyzing the data by using the two independent samples t - test, the results found that, there are statistically significant differences between the two groups in their mean score in favor of the experimental group which has been taught by the SDL model. This indicates that teaching conversation by using the SDL is more effective than teaching by the currently used method. Based on the present study; suitable conclusions, recommendations, and several suggestions for further research have been found.

اثر استخدام تقنيات تدعيم المدخلات في الاستيعاب الاصغائي للطلبة العراقيين دارسي اللغة الانجليزية لغة اجنبية == The Effect of Using Input Enhancement Techniques on Iraqi EFL Learners' Listening Comprehension

Author name: هيام عبد الامير كاظم
Supervisor name: ضحى عطا الله حسن القره غولي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يعتبر الاستيعاب الاصغائي حجر الاساس في اكتساب اللغة الام وكذلك في تعلمها كلغة ثانية او اجنبية بالاضافة الى ذلك يلعب الاستيعاب الاصغائي دورا فعالا في المحادثات اليومية وخصوصا لمتعلمي اللغة الانجليزية كلغة ثانية او اجنبية حيث يحتاجوه بصورة ملحة في الوسط الاكاديمي. وفي العراق يمكننا ان نطلق على الاستيعاب الاصغائي تسمية المهارة المنسية نظرا للاهمال الذي يلقاه على المستوى الجامعي وقله ممارسته في المستويات الدراسية الاخرى ويعزى ذلك الى غياب الوسائل التقنيه والعمليه وقلة خبرة المعلمين.ومن هنا تهدف الدراسة الحاليه لاستقصاء اثر استخدام تقنيات تدعيم المدخلات في الاستيعاب الاصغائي للطلبة العراقيين دارسي اللغة الانجليزية لغة اجنبية ; من اجل تحقيق الهدف المذكور انفا فرض بانه لايوجد فرق ذو دلاله احصائية بين متوسط درجات متعلمي اللغة الانجليزية لغة اجنبية الذين درسوا الاستيعاب الاصغائي باستخدام تقنيات تدعيم المدخلات وبين دارسيه باستخدام الطريقة الاعتيادية. تتكون عينة البحث المختارة عشوائيا بالقرعة من 88 طالبوا طالبة من دارسي اللغة الانجليزية لغة اجنبية في المرحلة الثالثة من قسم اللغة الانجليزية في كلية التربية الاساسية / الجامعة المستنصرية/ الدراسة الصباحية للعام الدراسي 2015/2016 بواقع 44 طالبوا طالبة في كل مجموعة .كوفئت عناصر المجموعتين بعدة متغيرات. من اجل تطبيق التجربة تم اتباع مجموعة من الاجراءات اولها تبني منهج تجريبيي ذي اختبار قبلي - بعدي للمجموعتين. تم اعداد اختبار قبلي لضمان مكافئة ادق بين المجموعتين . بعدها اعدت الباحثة الاختبار البعدي لقياس الاختلافات بين المجموعتين في نهاية عمر التجربة. تضمن كلا الاختبارين ثلاثة اسئلة اثنان منهم صمما لقياس الاستيعاب الاصغائي على مستوى التمييز وثالثهم لقياس الاستيعاب الاصغائي على مستوى الانتاج. مجموع الدرجات لكل اختبار هو 26 درجة. تم التاكد من صدق الاختبارين عن طريق عرضهما على مجموعة من الخبراء في مجال طرائق تدريس اللغة الانجليزية وعلم اللغة. ثم اجرت الباحثة دراسة استطلاعية على عينة مماثلة لعينة التجربة تتكون من 100 طالب وطالبة لغرض استحصال بيانات لتحليلها احصائيا . تم التحقق من ثبات الاختبارين باستخدام طريقة الصيغ المتكافئة عن طريق ايجاد العلاقة بين درجاتهما باستخدام معامل ارتباط بيرسون حيث كانت قيمة الثبات 0.92 والتي تشير الى ان الاختبارين ثابتان ومقبولان. استغرقت التجربة ثمانية اسابيع .و اجراي الاختباران القبلي والبعدي بشكل متتابع في اول واخر اسبوعين من عمر التجربة. قامت الباحثة بتدريس المجموعتين بنفسها لمدة سته اسابيع. في نهاية التجربة تم اجراء الاختبار البعدي وتحليل بياناته احصائيا باستخدام الاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين ووجد ان هناك فرق ذو دلالة احصائية في مجمل الاداء للمجموعتين في الاختبار البعدي لصالح المجوعة التجريبية.. وفي ضوء نتائج الدراسة عرضت الباحثة عددا من التوصيات تخص اساتذة ومتعلمي ومصممي مناهج اللغة الانجليزية لغة اجنبية مع بعض المقترحات لاجراء بحوث اخرى مستقبلية | Listening Comprehension is considered the corner block in acquiring ones' first language and learning a second or a foreign language in addition its vital role in every day communication especially for ESL and EFL learners who need it so badly in their academic life. Iraqi EFL learners are facing a lot of difficulties and obstacles in this area. As a remedial action for this problem, the researcher has picked three input enhancement techniques to study their effect on Iraqi EFL learners' listening comprehension besides arranging suitable input for the learners' level. Hence, the current study aims at investigating the effect of using input enhancement techniques on Iraqi EFL learners' listening comprehension. Input enhancement means any external manipulation, change, addition or omission that the original input is exposed to for the sake of making them more comprehensible to the receivers and directing their attention toward specific linguistic issues. Three techniques are selected : pictorial technique, key words and reduced rate of speech To fulfil the study aim the following hypothesis is postulated : there is no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the Iraqi EFL learners who are taught listening by using input enhancement techniques and that of those who are taught by using the conventional method. The present study is limited to the third year Iraqi EFL college students / English Departments at the Colleges of Basic Education/ morning studies, for the academic year 2015/2016. The researcher has adopted a number of procedures to achieve the aim of the study. First pretest - posttest nonequivalent control group experimental design was utilized. An experimental group and a control groups with 44 students each are randomly assigned and equalized in a number of variables. The experimental group received the treatment while the control group is instructed by using the conventional method. The experiment has lasted for 8 weeks. Then the researcher has prepared a pretest to ensure better equalization. A posttest was designed by the researcher to measure the differences between the two groups after completing the experiment instruction period. The two tests include three questions; two of recognition items and one for production items. The total score of each test is 26 marks. The tests are validated by exposing them to a jury of experts of ELT and linguistics. Then a pilot study is conducted on 100 students to provide data for item analysis. The reliability of the two tests is ensured by correlating the scores from the two versions by using Pearson correlation formula. After applying the chosen formula yielding coefficient of 0.92 which indicates that the pretest and the posttest are reliable and acceptable. After using the t - test formula for two independent samples to manipulate the data of the posttest, it is found that there is a statistically significant difference in the overall performance of both groups on the posttest in favour of the experimental groupwhich indicates using input enhancement techniques is an effective way for teaching LC for Iraqi college learners.. In light of the result of the study, a number of useful recommendations for EFL instructors, learners and syllabus designers are viewed with several suggestions for further studies to be conducted.

اثر استخدام تقنيات الوسائط المتعددة على انجاز التلاميذ العراقيين دارسي اللغة الانكليزية لغة اجنبية في المفردات والتلفظ في المرحلة الابتدائية == The Effect of Using Multimedia Technologies on Iraqi EFL Pupils’ Achievement in Vocabulary and Pronunciation at the Primary Stage

Author name: حيدر عبد الحسن حمزة
Supervisor name: سعد صلال سرحان
General topic: Educational Sciences
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تقنيات الوسائط المتعددة هي نوع من الوسائل التعليمية التكنولوجية التي يمكن تطبيقها خلال عملية التدريس والتعلم. بل هي مزيج من الاصوات والرسومات والرسوم المتحركة والفيديو. في عالم الحواسيب،هي جزء من الوسائط الفائقة، التي تربط عناصر الوسائط المتعددة مع النص التشعبي لانشاء روابط بين المعلومات. لذلك، من المتوقع ان تتعامل هذه التقنيات مع المفردات وصعوبات النطق لدى التلاميذ العراقيين دارسي اللغة الانجليزية وخاصة التلاميذ في المدارس الابتدائية من اجل تقليل اخطاء النطق في اللغة الانجليزية وتعزيز المفردات الخاصة بهم. وتهدف الدراسة الحالية الى دراسة تاثير استخدام تقنيات الوسائط المتعددة على انجاز التلاميذ للغة الانجليزية في المفردات والنطق. لذلك نفترض انه لا توجد فروق ذو دلالة احصائية بين متوسط درجات التلاميذ الذين يدرسون المفردات والنطق باستخدام تقنيات الوسائط المتعددة، واولئك الذين يتم تدريس المفردات والنطق لهم باستخدام الاستراتيجيات الموصى بها في الكتاب المدرسي. ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة، تم تصميم التجربة. المجتمع هم التلاميذ الذكور من الصف الخامس في المدارس الابتدائية في بغداد، خلال العام الدراسي 2016 - 2017. تم اختيارمجموعتين عشوائيا. واحدة لتكون المجموعة التجريبية والاخرى تم اعتبارها المجموعة الضابطة؛ كل مجموعة تحتوي على 25 تلميذا. وقد تم تدريس المجموعتين بنفس المواضيع.استمرت التجربة شهرين. وقد تم تساوي المجموعتين في متغيرات العمر، وتحصيل الاباء، ودرجاتهم في الاختبار القبلي. في نهاية التجربة، يتم بناء الاختبار البعدي الذي تم تقسيمه الى جزئين, الجزء الاول اختبار تحريري ويتضمن اربعة اسئلة واما الاخر فقد تم اعتباره اختبار شفهي ويتضمن سؤالين. لمعرفة تقدم التلاميذ في تعلم المفردات والنطق. تم التحقق من صحة الاختبار من خلال عرضه على لجنة من الخبراء. بعد ذلك، اجريت دراسة استطلاعية على 90 تلميذا من اجل توفير بيانات لتحليل الفقرات التي بينت مدى فعالية فقرات الاختبار من حيث قوة التمييز ومستوى الصعوبة وتاثير البدائل. وتم حساب ثبات الفقرات للاختبار التحريري باستخدام طريقة الفا كرونباخ ، وكان معامل الارتباط 0.82. وتم استخدام طريقة كودار ريشاردسون 20 لحساب ثبات الفقرات للاختبار الشفهي وكان معامل الارتباط 0.73. وقد تبين ان الاختبار ثابت ومقبول. بعد التحليل الاحصائي للبيانات التي تم الحصول عليها، تم استخدام صيغة الاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين لاختبار فرق الدلالة بين متوسطي درجتي المجموعتين. وقد وجد ان هناك فروق ذات دلالة احصائية لصالح المجموعة التجريبية. لذلك، نستنتج ان تقنيات الوسائط المتعددة لها تاثير كبير في تدريس المفردات والنطق. بناء على هذه النتائج، قام الباحث بوضع عدد من التوصيات والمقترحات لابحاث مستقبلية اخرى | Multimedia is a kind of technological teaching aids that can be applied during the teaching and learning process. It is a combination of sounds, graphics, animation and video. In the world of computers, it is a part of hypermedia, which connects the elements of multimedia with hypertext for the purpose of creating links among pieces of information. Therefore, these technologies are expected to deal with vocabulary and pronunciation difficulties of Iraqi EFL pupils especially at the primary school ones in order to reduce the mistakes in pronunciation and to enhance their vocabulary repertoire. The present study aims at investigating the effect of using multimedia technologies on Iraqi EFL pupils' achievement in vocabulary and pronunciation. For this purpose, it is hypothesized that there is no statistically significant difference between the mean score of the pupils who are taught vocabulary and pronunciation using multimedia technologies, and that of those who are taught vocabulary and pronunciation using strategies that are recommended in the prescribed textbook. In order to achieve the aims of the study, an experiment has been designed. The population is male pupils of the fifth grade at the primary schools in Baghdad, during the academic year 2016 - 2017. Two sections have randomly been selected; one to be the experimental group and the other has been considered the control group; each group includes 25 pupils. The two groups have been taught the same topics. But only the experimental group received the treatment. The experiment lasted two months. The two groups have been equalized in the variables of age counted in months, parents' education, and their scores in the pretest. In order to find out pupils’ achievement in learning vocabulary and pronunciation, a post - test has been divided into two parts one as a written test (vocabulary test) that includes four questions and the other has been considered as an oral test ( pronunciation test )that includes two questions at the end of the experiment. The test validity is ascertained by exposing it to a jury of experts. Then, a pilot study of 90 pupils is conducted to provide data for item analysis which indicates the effectiveness of the test items in terms of their discriminatory power, difficulty level, and the effectiveness of alternatives. The reliability of the written test (vocabulary test) coefficient has been calculated by using the Alpha Cronbach method yielding the correlation coefficient of 0.82 and Kuder - Richardson formula 20 has been used to estimate the reliability of the oral test (pronunciation test). Yielding the correlation coefficient of 0.73, which indicates that the test is reliable and acceptable. For the sake of statistical analysis of the obtained data, the t - test formula for two independent samples has been used to test the significance of difference between the two mean scores of the two groups. It has been found that there is a statistically significance difference in favor of the experimental group. Therefore, it is concluded that multimedia technologies have a good effect in teaching vocabulary and pronunciation. Finally, a number of recommendations and suggestions for further researches are put forward.

The Effect of Using Three - Step Interview and Talking Chips Techniques on Iraqi EFL Learners' Speaking Ability

Author name: عمار كريم عطية
Supervisor name: شذى كاظم مفتن السعدي
General topic: Educational Sciences
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: In countries such as Iraq where English is taught as a foreign language, it is common to notice that in spite of the years of English language education, most students are unable to speak in a proper way. This fact has been documented by several studies on speaking ability in Iraq. Therefore, the researcher tackled this issue as an attempt to remedy it through using two new techniques which are Three - Step Interview and Talking Chips. The population of the present study is made up of fourth scientific preparatory male students in Baghdad Governorate, the third Directorate General of Education in Al - Rusafa. The sample of the study, which is chosen randomly, consists of three sections of the fourth preparatory male students at Al - Shaheed Qassim Al - Mubarqa’ Preparatory School. The total number of the sample was 128. Two of them are experimental and the third is control. Three - Step Interview is applied on the first section, while Talking Chips is applied on the second one. The third section is taught by using the prescribed method. The experimental design of this study is Non - Randomized Control Group Pre - test Post - test Design, which is one of the quasi experimental designs. The experiment lasted for two months during the academic year 2016 - 2017. It started on the eleventh of March and ended on the eleventh of May. The researcher himself taught all the three groups. Both of the pretest and the posttest were constructed by the researcher and exposed to a jury of experts to verify their validity. The first version of the pretest was applied on the pilot sample of 67 male students to estimate their discrimination power and difficulty level. M Reliability was calculated by using 'Inter - rater reliability'. The researcher applied the test on the pilot sample and then gave the test to another scorer (a regular teacher of English.) The correlation between the two scores was calculated by Pearson correlation. The result was 0.73. This indicates that the test has a high reliability. Pair - Samples t - Test was used to analyze the results of the comparison between the pretest and the posttest. It showed that there are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the three groups in favor of the posttest. ANOVA test is applied on the posttest scores. It showed that there are statistically significant differences among the three groups in favour of the TSI and TCs. And to compare the three groups according to each speaking area (grammar, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency and pronunciation), ANOVA test is applied again. If there is any significant difference, the Scheffe test is used to demonstrate the technique which has the greatest effect on it. As a result, the TSI technique is a more appropriate technique in teaching speaking than the TCs technique and the prescribed one since it develops each of the vocabulary, comprehension, fluency and the pronunciation of the students with high scores, while the TCs develops only the vocabulary and the comprehension, but with low scores. prescribed method development weak lower scores. In the light of the study findings, a number of recommendations are stated and suggestions for further studies are put forward

اثر استخدام فعاليات محددة ما قبل الاستماع على اداء المتعلمين العراقيين دارسي اللغة الانكليزية لغة اجنبية في الاستيعاب الاصغائي == The Impact of Using Specific Pre - Listening Activities on Iraqi EFL Learners’ Listening Comprehension

Author name: نورة عدنان توفيق القره لوسي
Supervisor name: سعد صلال سرحان
General topic: Educational Sciences
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Listening is considered to be the most important skill since it is the first skill that human being acquired but unfortunately it is regarded as an ignored skill in the process of teaching English in Iraqi schools and as a result Iraqi learners are not well prepared to understand the English spoken language when the speakers speak too fast, pronounce the word in different way, or when the speakers use different accents. Besides, Iraqi learners do not use their background knowledge to comprehend what was said and they don't have opportunities to practice since there are many schools who don't have laboratories and sound devises which help the learner to listen and practice. Therefore, teaching listening skill is the most difficult task since the learner faced difficulties with this skillThe present study aims to investigate empirically the impact of using specific pre - listening activities on Iraqi EFL learners ’ listening comprehension.To achieve the aims of the study, null hypothesis have been proposed : There is no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group who is taught listening comprehension by using specific pre - listening activities and that of the control group who is taught listening comprehension using the method recommended by the Teacher's Guide.The present study adopted the experimental design nonequivalence Pre Post - Tests with control groups. The random sample consists of 58 learners of 5th grade female learners in scientific branch of the secondary schools Maryam Al - Adhra for the academic year 2016 - 2017. The experiment started on the 26th of February and ended on 25th April, 2017 i.e., so it lasted eight weeks.The validity of the test and lessons plan for experimental and control groups have been obtained by exposing to a group of experts in the field of ELT and linguistics. Then, after piloting the test, the reliability of the test is achieved by using Alpha Cronbach formula. The two groups of learners are taught by the researcher herself. Only the experimental group is taught by using pre - listening activities, while the control group is taught according to the method recommended by the Teacher's Guide.The results reveal that there is a statistical significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group who is taught listening comprehension using specific pre - listening activities and that of the control group who is taught listening comprehension using the method recommended by the Teacher's Guide.The present study recommends the teacher of English to prepare the learners by using different activities which activate the learners to use their background knowledge in order to foster the reception of new language input as well as to give the learners enough opportunities to listen to the native speakers.The present study also suggests a similar study can be conducted the effectiveness of using post listening activities on listening comprehension.

تقييم استراتيجيات التهذيب المستخدمة للتفاعل بين اساتذة وطلبة الجامعة دارسي اللغة الانكليزية لغة اجنبية == Assessing Politeness Strategies Used For Interaction Between EFL University Instructors And Students

Author name: فاطمة جمال سعد الله
Supervisor name: رضا غانم داخل
General topic: Educational Sciences
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: In the last decades, politeness has become one of the interesting topics in pragmatics to search about. Learning second language means learning of second language pragmatics, because politeness can be understood in different ways by through different languages.The present study is conducted on EFL Iraqi university instructor and students to assess their awareness and application of politeness strategies in interaction. Therefore it aims at : 1. Assessing the use of politeness strategies by EFL Iraqi university instructors for interaction, 2. Comparing politeness strategies used by EFL Iraqi university instructors according to gender (males & females), 3. Comparing politeness strategies used by EFL Iraqi university instructors according to their years of experience, 4. Assessing the awareness Iraqi EFL university students concerning of politeness strategies for Interaction, 5. Assessing the use of politeness strategies by EFL Iraqi university learners for Interaction, and6. Comparing politeness strategies used by EFL Iraqi university students according to gender (males & females).Two non - random samples selected at the departments of English, morning studies, at two colleges namely; College of Basic Education in the Universities of Diyala and University of Al - Mustansiriayah, for the academic year 2016 - 2017. A sample of 14 EFL Iraqi teaching staff members and 156 students is selected for the study.Three instruments are constructed; a checklist which assesses the application of politeness strategies of EFL Iraqi university instructors, a questionnaire which assesses the awareness of EFL Iraqi university students concerning of politeness strategies used by their instructors for interaction, and a written test in English to assess the application of politeness strategies used by EFL Iraqi university students. The three instruments are duly validated by experts to be used for data collection. More than one method used to calculate the instruments reliability coefficient. Data collected are analysed by using suitable statistical methods. In sum, the results reveal the following : - 1. Iraqi EFL university instructors have sufficient application of politeness strategies used for interaction.2. Iraqi EFL university instructors have no differences in using politeness strategies for interaction according to their gender.3. Iraqi EFL university instructors whose years of experiences 20 - 30 use politeness strategies for interaction more than 10 - 20 and 1 - 10.4. Iraqi EFL university students have sufficient awareness concerning politeness strategies used by their instructors for interaction.5. Iraqi EFL university students have sufficient application of politeness strategies used for interaction.6. Iraqi EFL university students according to their gender are the same in using politeness strategies used for interaction.In the light of the results obtained as number of recommendations are put forward, and several suggestions are also proposed for further studies
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