اسم المؤلف:
فاهم طعمة احمد سبتي
اسم المشرف:
سعيد عبد الرضا خميس التميمي
المستخلص:
There is a huge critical movement around the works of Fuad Al Tikirli that can be traced back to the mid - fifties of the past century. This is because of the unique characteristics of Al Takarli's works that are marked by intellectual attitudes of development, renewing, and modernism towards writing fiction. Al Tikirli has an exclusive touch that can be noticed by his stories, novels, plays, and articles. This exclusivity is marked by the various literary genres with the accuracy and incredibility of the style at the same time. Al Tikirli has his special style that distinguishes him from other Iraqi writers of his age. Accordingly, critics had followed his writings from his first short story. Nihad Tikirli is regarded as the first critic who reviewed his successful story "Al Uioun Al Khudhr" (The Green Eyes). Before that, many critics tried to analyze his experience according to their intellectual and academic attitudes towards stories and novels like Dr. Ali Jawad Tahir, Dr. Abdulilaah Ahmed, Dr. Umar Talib, Dr. Muhsin Al Mousawi, Dr. Shuja' Al Ani, and the critics : Fadhil Thamir, Yaseen Naseer, and Basim Abdulhameed Hamoudi.The Tikirlian Experience was a subject of many critical studies. All of which tried to find an approach to describe its nature with different procedural devices. This gave his works a critical richness especially in the intellectual fundamentals and the various vision procedural devices. What encouraged the variety of critical approaches of the narrative experience of Al Tikirl is his humanitarian attitude, artistic beauty, and the definite ideological message. His experience is open yet comprehensive with various attitudes, which is a subject of many interpretations. The most important reason behind conducting this study is the variety of critical topics about Tikirli's fictional experience as one of the leading figures of fiction and novel in Iraq as well as the genuine, deep, and continuously developed experience. Al Tikirli was able to take a prestigious status among the Iraqi and Arab novelists.The strong interest in narrative literature participated in choosing this study. It is well known that Fuad Al Tikirli wrote in various literary genres like story, novel, drama, essay, translation, and diaries, but this study will be devoted to narrative literature. Other genres, especially drama, will be left for two reasons. First, those plays did not reach the desired level. They were sole dialogs in which he aimed at trying to write in other genre near to his type. Secondly, the rarity of critical studies that dealt with his plays. The researcher found about two or three essays on his plays, which means that it is regarded as a secondary to his first interest, i.e., stories and novels.Some of the few essays that were concerned with dramatic criticism are "Fuad Al Tikirli : the Dramatist" by Dr. Dhia Khudhayir which was published in the journal Aqlam 3 (1989). The second essay was entitled "The Structure of Dialogue Scenes in the Plays of Fuad Al Tikirli" by the critic Abid Ali Hassan that was published in his book Drama and Application and republished in the journal Emdha 5,6 (2014). The third essay was written by the researcher Mudhafar Salim Shakir and entitled "The Foreign Shadows in the Plays of Fuad Al Tikirli" which was published in Emdha (ibid). The methodology of the study will be based on the textual analytical approach that utilizes the narrative techniques and their aesthetic achievements and the two main narrative streams : traditional novel and Formal Structural Narrative that dealt with the relations between narrative units in a literary work.The study chapters were based on the elements and components of narration as well as the modern techniques of Fuad Al Tikirli's works. The study consisted of four chapters as well as an introduction, a conclusion, a bibliography, and an abstract in English. The introduction contained two aspects. The first one was concerned with Al Tikirli's biography, his narrative innovation and its sources, and his characteristics according to critics and researchers. The second aspect was an introduction to the most important modern narrative elements and techniques contained in the study. The first chapter studied the components of narrative discourse in the works of Fuad Al Tikirli. It is the longest chapter of the study and contained many sections like style, dialogue, and the narrative setting represented by time, place and characters. All those elements participated in the development of his narrative works through the role played by each element in forming and organizing the structure. Style is regarded as the front of the writers work. Dialogue reveals the extent of the writer's attention to people interaction, as well as the monologue that reveals the inner worlds. Narrative setting (time and place) has a great effect on preparing the circumstances to embrace the characters and affect their role in the novel. Characters represent the main factor in narration. Main and secondary characters are the reason behind the existence of the novel.The second chapter contained the components of narrative discourse that is almost similar to the first chapter except with the analysis and scripts.The third chapter entitled "Criticizing Psychological Structure". It was divided into preliminaries and two sections. The preliminaries dealt with an introduction to psychological approach theory and its way of analyzing literary text according to a comprehensive social vision. It showed the relation between fiction and society and the effect of each one on the other in a controversial relation. The first section discussed the issues of sexuality, woman, and adultery in the works of Fuad Al Tikirli. It also discussed the attitude of critics towards this vital and important issue as an advanced topic in this type of literature. The second section was devoted to study the character of the cultivated in his novels and the critics' explanation of the cultivated psychological and financial problems. The fourth chapter contained the criticism of formal structure. Critics have structurally analyzed the scripts Al Tikirli in a punctual and subjective way in building organized relation between narration techniques. This chapter was divided into preliminaries and three sections. The preliminaries were devoted to investigate the formal structural method and its most important techniques. The first section studied the movement forward and backward in narration time. The second section dealt with narrative novel or writer's perspective towards certain topic. The third section contained the subject of textuality of multiple texts to form a new meaningful text. The researcher would like to express his deepest thank to Assistant Professor Saeed Abdulridha Kamees Al Tamimi Ph. D., the study supervisor, for his valuable observations and his dedication towards the perfection of this study. The researcher also extents his gratitude to the professors of the Department of Arabic Language, especially, Dr. Mohammad Abdulrasoul Salman - the dead of the Department of Arabic Language, as well as Professor Fadhil Aboud Al Tamimi, Professor Ayah Abdulwadoud Al Hamdani, Professor Salah Mahdi Al Zubeidi, and Assistant Professor Ali Mutib Jasim. The researcher also thanks the public libraries for their provision of sources and references namely : the higher study library - College of Arts - University of Baghdad, the central library - University of Baghdad, the central library - Mustansiria University, The National Library - The House of Books and Documents, and the central library in Diyala Province.Finally the researcher expresses his deepest gratitude to the debate committee for their efforts in studying and identifying the pitfalls of the study.
