Search — Iraqi Digital Repository

Search results: 25 out of 882

تحليل مؤشرات البيئة الاستثمارية ودورها في تحفيز الاستثمار الاجنبي المباشر والنمو الاقتصادي في دول مختارة مع اشارة خاصة للعراق == Analysis the indicators of investment environment and it’s Role in stimulate the direct foreign investment and economic growth in selected countries with Special mention to Iraq

Author name: سعدية هلال حسن التميمي

Supervisor name: كاظم احمد حمادة البطاط | كاظم سعد عبد الرضا الاعرجي

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics

Language: Arabic

Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Rp-Analysis-the-indicators-of-%E2%80%8Einvestment-environment-and-it%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%8ERole-in-stimulate-the-direct-foreign-%E2%80%8Einvestment-and-economic-growth-in-%E2%80%8Eselected-countries-with-Special-%E2%80%8Emention-to-Iraq.pdf

University location: Karbala

First pages:

فعاليت المثبتاث التلقائية في تحقيق استقرارية الموازنة العامة في العراق للمدة (1988 - 2013) == The Effectiveness of Automatic Stabilizers In Achieving Stability of the General Budget in Iraq for the period (1988 - 2013)

Author name: سرمد عبد الجبار هداب الخير الله

Supervisor name: مهدي سهر غيلان الجبوري | عامر عمران كاظم المعموري

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics

Language: Arabic

University location: Karbala

First pages:

قياس وتحليل اثر السياسة المالية على بعض مؤشرات التنمية المستدامة في العراق للمدة (1990 - 2013) == Measurement And Analysis The Impact Of Fiscal Bolicy On Some Of The Sustainable Development Indicators In Iraq For The Beriod (1990 - 2013)

Author name: فهد مغيمش حزيران الشمري

Supervisor name: محسن عبد الله حسن الراجحي | توفيق عباس المسعودي

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics

Language: Arabic

Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-Measurement-And-Analysis-The-Impact-Of-Fiscal-Bolicy-On-Some-Of-The-Sustainable-Development-Indicators-In-Iraq-For-The-Beriod-1990-%E2%80%93-2013-2.pdf

University location: Karbala

First pages:

تحليل مسار الاختلالات الهيكلية في الاقتصاد العراقي للمدة (2003 - 2012) == Analysis of the path of structural Economic imbalances in the Iraqi economy for the period (2003 - 2013)

Author name: شيماء رشيد محيسن العابدي

Supervisor name: عدنان حسين يونس الخياط | توفيق عباس عبد عون

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics

Language: Arabic

University location: Karbala

First pages:

اشكالية ادارة الموازنة العامة في الدول الريعية : الامارات العربية المتحدة والعراق انموذجا == Problematic public budget Administration in rentier states (United Arab Emirates & Iraq model)

Author name: واثق علي محي حسون الموسوي

Supervisor name: عدنان حسين يونس الخياط | مهدي سهر غيلان الجبوري

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics

Language: Arabic

Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-Problematic-public-budget-Administration-in-rentier-statesUnited-Arab-Emirates-Iraq-model.pdf

University location: Karbala

First pages:

الاقتصاد الاخضر مسار جديد في التنمية المستدامة في اقتصادات (الصين، البرازيل والعراق) == GRREN ECONOMY IN THE NEW PATH OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE ECONOMIES (CHINA,BRAZIL AND IRAQ)

Author name: ابراهيم كاطع علو الجوراني

Supervisor name: هاشم مرزوك علي الشمري | حميد عبيد عبد الزبيدي

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics

Language: Arabic

University location: Karbala

First pages:

تحليل العلاقة بين مؤشرات الحرية الاقتصادية والانتاجية الكلية لعوامل الانتاج : بلدان مختارة == Analysis of the Relationship Between Economic Freedom & Total Factor Productivity Indicators ( Selected Countries)

Author name: جعفر عبد الامير عزيز الحسيني

Supervisor name: حميد عبيد عبد | عامر عمران المعموري

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics

Language: Arabic

Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Rp-Analysis-of-the-Relationship-Between-Economic-Freedom-Total-Factor-Productivity-Indicators.pdf.pdf

University location: Karbala

First pages:

تاثير القطاع السياحي في النمو الاقتصادي لدول مختارة مع اشارة خاصة للعراق == Impact Of Tourism Sector On Economic Growth For Selected Countries With Special Reference To Iraq

Author name: سلطان جاسم سلطان كاظم النصراوي

Supervisor name: كاظم احمد حمادة البطاط | محمد علي حميد العامري

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics

Language: Arabic

University location: Karbala

First pages:

المعايير البيئية وانعكاسها على القدرة التنافسية للصادرات في اقتصادات مختارة == Environmental standards and their impact on the competitiveness of exports in selected economies

Author name: كمال كاظم جواد الشمري

Supervisor name: كاظم احمد حمادة البطاط | توفيق عباس المسعودي

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics

Language: Arabic

University location: Karbala

First pages:

فلسفة تسويق ما بعد الحداثة كاطار لتطوير اخلاقيات التسويق من خلال المقدرات وقاعدة البيانات التسويقية : دراسة تطبيقية في عينة من الشركات الدولية العاملة في الولايات المتحدة الامريكية == Philosophy of postmodern marketing as a framework for the development of marketing ethics through marketing capabilities, and database An Empirical Study in a Sample of International Companies Operating in the U.S.A.

Author name: ليلى محسن حسن الحكيم

Supervisor name: علاء فرحان طالب الدعمي | عبد الحسين حسن حبيب

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Business Administration

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Business Administration

Language: Arabic

Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-Philosophy-of-postmodern-marketing-as-a-framework-for-the-development-of-marketing-ethics-through-marketing-capabilities-and-database-1.pdf

University location: Karbala

First pages:

حقوق الانسان وانعكاساتها في الريادة الاستراتيجية والاداء العالي للمنظمات : دراسة استطلاعية لاراء عدد من مدراء شركات ومعامل السمنت العراقية == Human Rights and its Reflections in the Strategic Entrepreneurship and The High Performance for the Organizations (A Survey Study of the Views a number from Managers of Iraqi Cement Companies and Plants)

Author name: قاسم عبد علاج كشكول

Supervisor name: علاء فرحان طالب الدعمي

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Business Administration

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Business Administration

Language: Arabic

Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-Human-Rights-and-its-Reflections-in-the-Strategic-Entrepreneurship-and-The-High-Performance-for-the-Organizations.pdf

University location: Karbala

First pages:

سلوكيات العمل السلبية الناشئة عن التهكم التنظيمي وانعكاسها على مرونة ممارسات الموارد البشرية : دراسة استطلاعية تحليله في عينة من جامعات الفرات الاوسط == Counterproductive Work Behaviors Hervorgegangen as the Organizational Cynicism and reflections on the Human Resources practices Flexibility

Author name: علي عبد الحسن عباس الفتلاوي

Supervisor name: عواد كاظم الخالدي | علاء فرحان طالب الدعمي

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Business Administration

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Business Administration

Language: Arabic

Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-Counterproductive-Work-Behaviors-Hervorgegangen-as-the-Organizational-Cynicism-and-reflections-on-the-Human-Resources-practices-Flexibility_compressed-1.pdf

University location: Karbala

First pages:

انعكاس القدرات الديناميكية ومهارات التفكير الاستراتيجي على الاداء المنظمي المستدام ضمن اطار نظرية تعدد المستويات : دراسة استطلاعية لاراء القيادات الادارية في الشركة العامة للسمنت الجنوبية == Repercussion Of Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Thinking skills on Sustainable Organizational performance in multilevel theory An Exploratory Study of the views of administrative leadership in the South General Company for Cement Production

Author name: احمد كاظم بريس اليساري

Supervisor name: علاء فرحان طالب الدعمي

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Business Administration

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Business Administration

Language: Arabic

University location: Karbala

First pages:

دور البنوك المركزية في تحقيق الاستقرار النقدي في الولايات المتحدة ومنطقة اليورو == The role of central banks in monetary stability in USA & Euro area

Author name: فراس حسين علي الصفار

Supervisor name: هاشم مرزوك علي الشمري | حميد عبيد عبد الزبيدي

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics

Language: Arabic

University location: Karbala

First pages:

الريادية الادراكية كمبادرة استراتيجية لتحقيق الاداء المتفوق المستدام باطار مدخل الاستراتيجية السلوكية : دراسة تطبيقية في الشركات الدولية العاملة في اقليم كردستان - العراق == Cognitive Entrepreneurship as A Strategic Initiatives To Achieve Sustainable Superior Performance Entrance to the Framework for Behavioral Strategy

Author name: زينب مكي محمود البناء

Supervisor name: علاء فرحان طالب الدعمي | اكرم محسن الياسري

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Business Administration

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Business Administration

Language: Arabic

Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-Cognitive-Entrepreneurship-as-A-Strategic-Initiatives-To-Achieve-Sustainable-Superior-Performance-Entrance-to-the-Framework-for-Behavioral-Strategy.pdf

University location: Karbala

First pages:

التحيزات الادراكية في قرارات المستثمرين في سوق الاسهم باطار مدخل المالية السلوكية : دراسة تطبيقية في سوق العراق للاوراق المالية == Cognitive Biases of Investors' Decisions in a Stock Market in the Frame of Behavioral Finance Applied Study in Iraqi Stock Exchange

Author name: علي احمد فارس

Supervisor name: ميثم ربيع هادي الحسناوي

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Business Administration

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Business Administration

Language: Arabic

Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-Cognitive-Biases-of-Investors-Decisions-in-a-Stock-Market-in-the-Frame-of-Behavioral-Finance-%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B7.pdf

University location: Karbala

First pages:

العلاقة بين المرونة الاستراتيجية والمقدرات الجوهرية وتاثيرها في الاداء المصرفي : دراسة استطلاعية لاراء عينة من المدراء في عدد من المصارف التجارية الخاصة في العراق == The Relationship between Strategic Flexibility and Core Competences and its effect on the Banking Performance : An Exploratory Study of the opinions of a Sample of managers in a number of Private Commercial Banks in Iraq.

Author name: بشار عباس حسين الحميري

Supervisor name: اكرم محسن مهدي الياسري | عواد كاظم الخالدي

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Business Administration

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Business Administration

Language: Arabic

Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-The-Relationship-between-Strategic-Flexibility-and-Core-Competences-and-its-effect-on-the-Banking-Performance_compressed.pdf

University location: Karbala

First pages:

فلسفة الخلق بين الكتاب المقدس وكتب التراث الاسلامي : دراسة تحليلية == The Philosophy of Creation between the Scriptures and the Books of the Islamic Heritage

Author name: اسراء محسن داود المرعبي

Supervisor name: عمار محمد يونس الساعدي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Karbala

First pages:

Abstract: The humanity has spent an arduous journey in search for its creator and for the foresight and purpose of its existence. Nowadays and in the past, there is a question could not have been answered by the proposed hypotheses that is why did God created the world? However, searching in the accounts and the verses of the scriptures has revealed that the vision of God in the Old Testament is incarnated in the command, in the New Testament is in the affection and in the Qur'an is in the mercy. Thus, according to the principle of relativity, Almighty God's will in the genesis cannot be precisely realized. But it seems that God's love of his creatures was behind his intent of the creation. So, God knows what else.Anyway, the destination of man in this context is represented in his following the example of God's teachings and morals for the sake of reaching the eternal happiness, the perfection and the salvation. For this reason it has been reported in the narration of the prophet Muhammed (pbuh) that "Oh people, acquire the manners and the characters of God ". Nevertheless, a Qura'nic verse provided that God said "I did not create the jinn and the humans except to worship me"1, suggests to another expression. It refers not only to an earthly worship, but, to the furthest types of cult. Hence, the worldly idols, Adam and his progeny, could have got the highest ranks in getting closer to God, in preference and honor when they could have achieved superiority over the jinns and also could have followed the righteous path till the judgment day. In addition, having been battlingQur'an : The Spreaders\ 56.their inner demons, having been engaged in Jihad Al - Nafs the sruggle against their own desires and limitations and in promoting their values and spirits, those the human line could have chosen to acknowledge to their creator at their will. Consequently, they could constantly and thankfully praised Allah.Finally, we should give the proper answers to the following questions that every person is interested in them : - Where did we come from? Why were we created? And Where are we going?. Indeed, it could be said that we have been created as a result for the divine honor of Adam by science when Allah said " And He taught Adam the names, all of them; then He represented them to the angels and said tell Me the names of these, if you are sincere."2 Therefore, we are as human creatures must represent the Godly morals and behaviors and fill the earth with love and mercy because we are the successors of Allah in his land. So, we are in a glorious march of grace and power towards winning the ever lasting paradise of the blessed havens.

الموالي في العراق دراسة في احوالهم العامة حتى سنة (132 هـ) == The pro - Iraq study in their general conditions until the year (132 AH

Author name: سوسن عباس حسين الجابري

Supervisor name: انتصار لطيف حسن السبتي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Karbala

First pages:

Abstract: The Mawali (non - Arab Muslim allies) represented one influential factor in the Arabic - Islamic community. The significant intellectual achievements they left in diverse sciences and arts, especially the religious and the literary, made them a salient signpost.The term "Mawali" appeared before Islam due to the circumstances that prevailed as a result of the wars that swept the Arabian Peninsula. However, it prevailed after non - Arabs converted to Islam; those came to be known as "Mawali". The Arabic singular "Mawla" also referred to an Arab alley, a usage that diversified the meaning of alliance. There is a significant amount of research on the Mawali. Researchers investigated the social and economic aspects of their life as well as their political role, in addition to their intellectual achievements. The Gharrawi study put a detailed bibliography on the names of authors who tackled the intellectual influence of the Mawali during the Ummayad Era. The study included the Mawali all over the Arab Islamic State. In this study, the researcher investigates their intellectual influence in Iraq; shedding light on their contribution as a group which was said to be marginalized and whose simple humanitarian rights were denied, as such, they resorted to make up the inferiority by excelling intellectually. The researcher presents a positive picture of the Mawali's intellectual activities since the Early Islamic Era until the end of the Umayyad Era.The study consists of five chapters with an introduction, conclusion, and a list of bibliography. The meaning of the term "Mawali" is explained in chapter one, with the Mawali's social and economic life. Chapter two is entitled The Influence of the Mawali in the Religious Sciences, these sciences include the sciences of the Quran, interpretation, Quranic readings, prophetic tradition (Hadith), and Kalam (Islamic scholastic theology). In chapter three tackles the Mawali's contribution to the military, while chapter four examines their achievement in the social sciences like the Arabic language and the science of Qasas (Quranic stories). And chapter five focuses on the Mawali's most important administrative positions after the Umayyads policy change because of their need for the Mawali's services, administrative and leadership skills. This had led to the Ummayads assigning important and critical roles to them; roles which were assigned only to the loyal members of the Ummayad house.

الامامة القيادية في فكر الامام الحسين : دراسة تحليلية

Author name: احمد فاضل حسون المسعودي

Supervisor name: انتصار لطيف حسن السبتي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Karbala

First pages:

المفسرون واثرهم في اقصاء الامام علي (عليه السلام) عن فضائله كتاب مفاتيح الغيب للفخر الرازي (ت606هـ) : دراسة تحليلية == commentators and their impact on the exclusion of Imam Ali for his virtues book mafatih alghayb of Fakhar al - Raazi (606) Analytical study

Author name: احمد فاضل عبد زيد الشريفي

Supervisor name: ماجد عبد زيد احمد الخزرجي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Karbala

First pages:

Abstract: The policy of intellect exclusion practiced a gainst Imam Ali (A.S) dated back to the early Islamic history and then be cam a policy based on poletical and ideological tramme work . The influence of this policy was on the narrators , tellers , commentators and historians , so they used to exclude Imam Ali (A.s) from every virtue and historians , then this issue was developed in the Abbasid period until it became as a normal issue Books of Quran interpretation were most important works that their auther practiced eaclusion gainst Imam Ali (As) and affected by the preceding tellers and narators .Alfakher Alrazi was not only one of them to show his exclusion because the previous of them relied on others in the tolling without expressing their opinions , but he was expressing his opinion which represent his clear and purposed exclusion. He was discussing the narration that concerns the virtues of Imam Ali (A. S) , and tried to attribute it to others . He compared the rirtues of Imam Ali (A.S) and others , then to diminish the impotance of these rirtues the search turned to make an analytieal Study dealing with exclusion he had done agniest Emam Ali (A - S) through his interpretation .He had serral methods in that attiude including : comparisision , participation,exclusion and disregarding for virtue.Imam Ali (A.S) was the point around which the objective of Alrazi werer to reduce the virtues of ALI (A - S),and to raise Abu Baker to be the best and the most worthy of Imamate and caliphate. These rirtues were the reason for establishing a debate about the Imamate and working on the exclusion of Imam Ali (A - S) in order to make Abu Baker the first ,the most right and the best . The researcher addressed these methods and opinions that Alrazi had launched .This thesis represented a debate between Alrazi and the researcher. The thesis entihed the interpreters and their impact on "the exclusion of Imam Ali(A - S) from His virbues, Book of Alrazi , who died in 606(A - H) " in an analytical study. Thesis also included four chapters one of Hem devoted for Alrazi biography and three for his exclusion study against Imam ali

اثر مدرسة الامام الرضا عليه السلام في الفكر الاسلامي حتى سنة 260هـ/873م == Effect of Imam Al - Ridha School on Islamic Thought Until the Year (260 A.H - 873 A.D )

Author name: احمد عدنان عبود وتوت

Supervisor name: عامر عجاج حميد

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Karbala

First pages:

Abstract: The purpose of the thesis is to explain the effect that Imam al - Ridha (peace be upon him) had left on human thought.The thesis starts with an introduction that shed light on the meaning of effect or influence in the doctrine of Ahl - Bayt, presented by what Imams (peace be upon them), had been mentioned. The introduction includes also the personality and biogrphy of Imam al - Ridha (peace be upon him) including his Imam as being crown prince of the Abbasid Caliphate.The thesis includes four chapters : Chapter1 consists of two Topics, the first of them deals with Imam al - Ridha's interpretation of the Holy Qur'an, where the Imam relied on the divine science and the interpretation of Qur'an by Qur'an.The second topic focuses on the effect of the Imam on the Hadith and correction of its narrations.He also addressed the prophetic Hadith in language and terminology.Chapter 2 deals with the effect of Imam al - Ridha (peace be upon him) on jurisprudence and theology. The Chapter consisted of two topics, the first is his effect on the jurisprudence in terms of act of worship and transactions, through prayeing, fasting in all its kinds, alimony, jihad, moneylending and the will before death. Second topic dealt with the effect of the Imam theology which flourshed in the Abbasid era.That was through debates of Imam al - Ridha (peace be upon him) with senior clergy of Christians, Jews and sabean in themes of monotheism, hereafter, prophecy, justice and Imamate.Chapter 3 deals with the influence of Imam al - Ridha (peace be open him) on other sciences through three topics, the first his impact on medicine where the (Golden Thesis) was a model for this theme.Second topic deals with his influence on languages, where there was clear evidence in the Arabic language through prose, debates and poetry.He was also fluent in other languages such as Indian, Persian, Turkish and Roman The third topic focuses on economics according to Islamic law and it's doctrine.Chapter 4 deals with effect of Imam al - Ridha (peace be upon him) on his companions, it also includes three topics, the first focused on the Imam influence on those companions through interpretation of Holy Qur'an and Prophetic Hadith, the second dealt with the Imam influence on them through jurisprudence and theology, and the third topic focused on the effect of Imam Al - Ridha (peace be upon him) on his companions through other sciences such as medicine, Arabic language and economics.

الفكر الاقتصادي الاسلامي بين النظرية والتطبيق حتى 14هـ

Author name: احمد جايد بدر الحسناوي

Supervisor name: زمان عبيد وناس

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Karbala

First pages:

اثر المخاطرة القطرية في محفظة الاسهم المثلى : دراسة تطبيقية في سوق العراق للاوراق المالية للمدة 2005 - 2015 == The impact of country risk on the Optimal Stock portfolio (Applied Study in the Iraq Stock Exchange for the period 2005 - 2015

Author name: نور صباح حميد الدهان

Supervisor name: حاكم محسن محمد الربيعي | ميثاق هاتف الفتلاوي

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Banking & Finance Science

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Administration And Economics

Language: Arabic

Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Rp_The-impact-of-country-risk-on-the-Optimal-Stock-portfolio.pdf

University location: Karbala

First pages:

Abstract: As a result of the financial and economic shocks and repeated crises experienced by the global economy in the last decades of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twentieth century atheist and, Faced and facing most countries with a foreign debt of many problems in the debt service and the owner of a big find at the domestic level on the one hand and the outside on the other hand, pushing for more attention to variables and terms very important Consistent with these data, Among the most important of these variables are the country risk and which summarizes the country's commitments to creditors, and therefore the risk of longer - Faisal on the side of domestic and foreign investment is the main determinant in attracting or avoid those investments based on that variable or indicator (country risk).The advantage of the financial sector are generally higher risks and the large size and number of securities and financial aspects of the investment, which is characterized as an uncertainty in the side returns, so the problem of any investor - centric nature of the securities that it is possible to form through the investor portfolio among a large number of possible investment portfolios and so came the drafting of the study the problem as follows : 1. What are the stocks that make up the optimum investment portfolio in the Iraq Stock Exchange during the years 2005 - 2015?2. Does the return and risk of the investment portfolio is characterized by relative stability, optimal in every year for the period 2005 to 2015?3. Is there a correlation between the country and the impact of the risk of Iraq and between return and risk of2the investment portfolio during the optimum period of study?Depending on the study, the problem of the main hypotheses of the study were as follows : 1. similar stocks within the optimal portfolio for each year in the Iraq Stock Exchange.2. The return and risk in the investment portfolio optimum Iraq Stock Exchange of stability during the period (2005 - 2015)3. There is a correlation and significant effect between country risk for Iraq and between return and risk of the investment portfolio during the optimum period of study.This study aims to build an optimal portfolio in the Iraq Stock Exchange for each year of the study identified from 2005 until 2015, and analysis of data each portfolio separately and stocks involved in building the optimal portfolio in a manner simple arrangement. And thus measure the impact based on the evidence of country risk country risk (ICGR) in the optimal investment portfolio expressed as a yield and risk investment portfolio on an annual basis.In order to achieve the main goals of the study, the study was divided into four chapters, which included the first chapter of country risk investment portfolio and the ideal : a knowledge. As part of the second chapter came under some previous systematic study of cognitive efforts address. The third chapter singled side applied to the study, including measuring the impact of country risk in the investment portfolio optimal, came by three Investigation boss, the study concluded that a set of conclusions that emerged from the study and in the light of which were drafted a number of recommendations were formulating it all in the fourth quarter.

دور الاحتياطيات الدولية في تحقيق الاستقرار الاقتصادي للاقتصادات الريعية تجارب دول مختارة == The Role of International Reserves In Fulfillment the Economic Stability to Rentier Economies The Experiments of Selected Countries

Author name: سلام كاظم شاني الفتلاوي

Supervisor name: عدنان حسين يونس الخياط | صفاء عبد الجبار علي الموسوي

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics

Language: Arabic

Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-The-Role-of-International-Reserves.pdf

University location: Karbala

First pages:

Abstract: مع تزايد الازمات المالية (المحلية والعالمية) وتاثيراتها السلبية في اغلب الاقتصادات وخاصة الريعية، اصبح من الضروري الاحتفاظ بحجم مناسب من الاحتياطيات الدولية لمواجهة هذه الازمات، اذ ان الاحتفاظ بمستو كاف من الاحتياطيات لا يقلل من تاثير الازمات فحسب، بل يجعلها اقل احتمالا. وهذا يمكن النظر اليه بوصفه محور التعديل الوقائي مما يعكس الرغبة في التامين الذاتي ومواجهة التوقفات غير المتوقعة في المستقبل. يتم ادارة الاحتياطيات الدولية بالشكل الذي يضمن كفاية هذه الاصول، التي يجب ان تكون تحت تصرف السلطة النقدية وتسيطر عليها من اجل تحقيق مجموعة محددة من الاهداف، ووفقا لذلك ان كيان ادارة الاحتياطي عادة يكون مسؤولا عن ادارة المخاطر المرتبطة بها. وعادة ما يتم حيازة الاحتياطيات لدعم مجموعة محددة من الاهداف التي تسعى السلطة النقدية الى تحقيقها. ووفقا لذلك، سارعت اغلب البلدان للاحتفاظ بحجم كاف من الاحتياطيات الدولية وان اختلفت وجهات النظر في تحديد هذا الحجم وفقا لمؤشرات محددة الا ان كل منها يعتمد على طبيعة النظام الاقتصادي في البلد ومستوى التطور الاقتصادي الذي وصل اليه. وتتباين الاقتصادات من حيث مصادر تكوين الاحتياطيات الدولية، اعتمادا على تطور بنية الناتج المحلي ومدى مساهمة مكوناته في الصادرات، فضلا عن مدى مساهمة الحساب الراسمالي والمالي. اذ تتنوع مصادر الاحتياطيات الدولية في الاقتصادات ذات الهيكل الانتاجي المتعدد. بينما ياخذ القطاع النفطي النسبة الاكبر من مصادر تكوين الاحتياطي في الاقتصادات الاحادية الجانب. اما من حيث الحساب الراسمالي والمالي فهذا يعتمد على مدى مساهمة الاستثمارات الاجنبية المباشرة وتدفق رؤوس الاموال قصيرة الاجل. ينطلق البحث من فرضية مفادها، بامكان الاقتصادات الريعية وفي ظل الادارة السليمة والكفوءة للاحتياطيات الدولية من تحقيق الاستقرار الاقتصادي عبر الموازنة بين المنافع والتكاليف، ويتباين هذا الامر بحسب كفاءة هذه الادارة وطبيعة ودرجة التطور الاقتصادي والذي يضمن الاستخدام الامثل للاحتياطيات والاكثر فعالية. وقد جاءت اهمية البحث لبيان دور الاحتياطيات الدولية في اقتصادات دول العينة وخاصة العراق. ومن اجل التحقق من فرضية البحث تم تقسيم الاطروحة الى ثلاثة فصول. اذ تناول الفصل الاول التاصيل النظري للاحتياطيات الدولية ودورها في الاستقرار الاقتصادي للاقتصادات الريعية. وتناول الفصل الثاني تطور الاحتياطيات الدولية وانعكاساتها في الاستقرار الاقتصادي لدول العينة. اما الفصل الثالث فقد تضمن قياس دور الاحتياطيات الدولية في تحقيق الاستقرار الاقتصادي لدول العينة. اذ استخدم اختبار (VAR) في قياس هذا الدور. وتعد هذه الطريقة من الطرق الحديثة في القياس الاقتصادي التي تعتمد على استقرار السلاسل الزمنية. ثم اختبار التكامل المشترك اي فيما اذا كانت توجد علاقة طويلة الامد بين المتغيرات ام لا واختبار السببية ثم تقدير متجه الانحدار الذاتي (VAR) لمتغيرات البحث. ومن اهم الاستنتاجات التي تم التوصل اليها، هي ان الادارة الكفوءة للاحتياطيات الدولية تضمن الاستخدام الامثل وبالشكل الذي يحقق الموازنة بين المنافع الناجمة عنها والتكاليف المترتبة عليها مما ينعكس دورها في تحقيق الاستقرار الاقتصادي. كما ان استغلال الفائض منها (في حالة تجاوزها الحجم الكاف) في مجالات الاستثمار وخاصة الداخلي سينعكس تاثيرها كذلك بشكل ايجابي في الاستقرار الاقتصادي. | The Financial Crises (Domestic And International) are increased and its' negative effects in most economies especially in the developing countries, It is became necessary to retain in appropriate size from International Reserves in order to confront these crises. The retaining in an adequate size form reserves doesn't abate effect of the crises solely but it also makes it lessees likely. We can consider it as a preventive which is included the amendment. It is reflected the desire for self - insurance and which is faced the unexpected interruptions in the future. The International Reserves are managed in form which is contained the sufficiency of these assets. It has to be available to the monetary authority and it is controlled to vibrate for a specific set of goals. In this context the entity managing of the reserve is usually responsible to manage the riskiness which are connected to it. It usually contains the reserves in order to support a specific set of goals which are the monetary authority seeks to achieve it. According to that most of countries are retained in an adequate size from International Reserves. even there are different views in determining this size according to specific indicators But each one is depended on the nature of economic system in the country and the level of economic development, which is reached to. Economies are disparity in the sources which is formed International Reserves. It is depended on the development in domestic product structure and the extent of the contribution of its components in exports, as well as the contribution of the capital and financial account. So the International Reserves sources are varied in the multi - productive structure of economies. While the oil sector is occupied the largest percentage from the sources which are composition the reserve the single side of economies. In the terms of capital and financial account this is depended on the extent of contribution of direct foreign investment and the flow of short - term capital. The thesis is started with supposition, The International Reserves are comprised a very big part from accesses in rentier economic so the International precincts are fulfilled main purpose in fulucing on the instable Macroeconomic in order to achieve a economic stability by limiting its' size or the efficacy use. In order to achieve the supposition of the research, it is divided to three chapters. The first chapter is dealt with the conceptual framework of International Reserves and economic stability and economic rent - seeking. The second chapter is represented the development of the Role of international reserves and its' reflection in economic stability of the sample counties. The third chapter is included the measurement the role of International Reserves in the economic stability of the sample countries. It is used test (VAR) in measurement of this role and this way is considered as one the modern methods of economic measurement which is depended on the stability of the series of time. Then it is tested the common integration whether there is a relationship between the variables for a long time or not then it is Valuated Vector Autoregressive Regression (VAR) to the variables of this research. The most important results in this research are the efficient management for international reserves included the efficient use and it achieved the counterbalance between perks which are resulted from it and the cartages which are reflected its' role in achieving the economic stability. As the utilization of the surplus in development fields especially inner one reflected its' affect in economic stability.