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دراسة بكتريولوجية لبيئة بعض كهوف شمال العراق والتحري عن الدور الجرثومي فيها == A Bacteriological Study On Some North Iraqi Caves Environment And Detection On The Bacterial Role In It

Author name: امنة غانم عمر العاني

Supervisor name: جهاد ذياب محل الجنابي | اميرة محمود محمد الراوي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Master

University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Salahaddin

First pages:

Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة اجراء عدد من الفحوصات البيئية والبكتريولوجية على عينات الصخور ومياه النضح البالغ عددها 100 عينة والماخوذة من بعض كهوف المنطقة الشمالية في العراق التي شملت بهيري, شرانش, خنس, بجيل وانشكي للفترة ما بين تشرين الثاني - 2010 لغاية نيسان - 2011.ت | This study was included some of ecological and bacteriological tests on rocks and dripping water samples which were included 100 samples taken from some of north region caves in Iraq including Beherii, Sharanish, Khanas, Bejeel and Inishky from the period between November - 2010 to April - 2011.The results of ecological tests which represented with cave environment temperature were ranged from (13 - 24)?C and dripping water temperature were ranged from (11 - 20)?C while the results of pH values for the same sample shows simple variation between (7 - 8) for dripping water and (6 - 9) for the rocks samples. The results of geological screening and mineralization by using X - Ray Fluorescence and X - Ray - Diffraction showed that Beherii cave was mainly composed of manganese with 102 ppm comparing with other caves. While the concentration of iron and sulfur oxides were very low for all caves. The rocks of Beherii and Khanas caves were mainly composed of Dolomite (CaMg (CO3)2), Sharanish cave was composed of Calcite (CaCO3) and Dolomite with the closed ratio, while the rocks of Bejeel and Inishky were composed mainly of Calcite. The isolated bacteria in this study were identified according to cultural and morphological characteristics and biochemical tests, while the bacillus species were identified by using Microgen Bacillus Id System. Twenty two bacterial isolates were identified from total samples. There were nine (9)identified isolates from Beherii cave with 40.9% including Arthrobacter spp., Lysobacter spp., Caulobacter spp., Bacillus freudenreichii and Bacillus subtilis in with 4.5% for each isolate, while there was 18.1% of Methanogenic bacteria with its four genuses including Methanobacterium spp., Methanobrevibacter spp. Methanospirillium spp. and Methanosata spp. In Sharanish cave there was one isolate of sulfur oxidizing bacteria with 4.5 % from the total isolates. Three isolates were identified from Khanas cave included Pseudomonas spp., Xanthobacter spp., Clostridium spp. with 4.5% for each isolate. In addition, it was obtained from a cave Bejeel on six isolates included Bacillus lichiniformis, Bacillus lentus and 2 isolates of Bacillus cereus group, Streptomyces spp. and Gallionella spp. with 4.5% for each isolate and Merismopedia spp., Myxococcus Xanthus, Clostridium spp. were Isolated from Inishky cave with 4.5%for each isolate. The relation between some of bacterial species were studied by detection of the lytic ability of Lysobacter spp. and Myxococcus xanthus for Arthrobacter spp.The microbial role in caves were studied by detection of the ability of some isolated bacteria in Calcium Carbonate (calcite) formation and estimatation of calcite production, Xanthobacter spp. was the highest productive bacteria which gives0.2073 gram during 14 days comparing with other bacterial species.In addition, the effect of temperature and pH on calcite formation by Bacillus freudenreichii were studied, the results showed variation on calcite shape in 20?C and 30?C while the highest value of calcite production in pH.8 was 0.1336 gram comparing with pH.9 with 0.0190 calcite gram. The study also detected the ability of some isolated bacteria to oxidize of iron, manganese and sulfur, where Streptomyces spp. Gallionella spp. and one isolate of bacillus cereus group have shown the ability of oxidize iron on leptothrix medium while Bacillus freudenreichii, Bacillus lichinformis, Bacillus lentus, one isolate of Bacillus cereus group and Streptomyces spp. have shown the ability to the oxidize of manganese on Krumbein and Altmann Agar Medium. In addition, sulfur oxidizing bacteria has shown ability to oxidize sulfur on M.S. Agar and produce sulfuric acid as a product of the oxidation process.

دراسة انتاج صبغة البرودجيوسين من بكتريا Serratia marcescens المعزولة من مصادر سريرية وبيئية وتاثيرها في بعض الميكروبات المرضية == Study of the Prodigiosin productivity from Serratia marcescens isolated from environmental and clinical sources and the effect on some pathogenic microbes

Author name: فرزدق ناظم حربي البديري

Supervisor name: مكرم ضياء جعفر شكارة | صالح عبد الرضا الصالح البكري

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Biotechnologies

Degree: Master

University: University of Technology

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: The cotemporary world witnesses currently a rapid change due to the challenges imposed by the information technology in all scientific aspects.Hence, the scientific knowledge has become a prerequisite for each individual in this world. This led to a new view on education, in that it is no longer to be a process of providing information but it is a technique for a better learning.However, the main goal of education has shifted to focus on how to make the student to think appropriately and how to utilize the skills of the scientific thinking in order to motivate their thinking and understanding of knowledge as well as discovering the facts and relationships concerning the scientific phenomena aiming to form the generalities. The problem of the current research is mainly concerned with specifying the classical methods adopted in the Iraqi schools which do not match the contemporary scientific development. This research aims at utilizing the strategy of the strategy of forming generalizations according to Helda Taba Inductive Model as a teaching technique in order to identify its effect on : 1 - achievement in Biology.2 - the skills of the scientific thinking of the Fifth - Year female pupils.For sake of achieving the above two aims, two null hypotheses have been formed as follows : 1 - There are no statistically significant differences at level of significance of 0.05 between the mean scres of the female pupils (the experimental gronp), who have been taught according to the strategy of forming generalizations the strategy of forming generalizations, and the mean scores of those female pupils who have been twght classically in the achievnent test. 2 - there are no statistically siguificant differences at level of significance between the experiemental group, who have been taught according to the strategy of forming generalizations, and the mean scores of those female pupils who have been taught classically in the test of the scienhific thinting skills. In order to verify the above two hypotheses, the researcher has conducted an experiment which lasted for one whole academic semester.This experiment inluded : - The lesson plans. - The scientific thinking skills test (30 items). - An achievement test (60 items).The discrimination and difficulty power as well as the alternative action of the two test have been computed.Moreover, validity and reliability of the two tests have been secured. The reliability of the scientific thinking test has been found out to be (0.75) and the reliability of the achievcment test has been found out to be (0.92). This was done by using koder Richardson formula - 20. The researcher has prepared an experimental design, comprising two groups, the first one of which is called the experimental group which is to be taught according to the strategy of forming generalizations.While the second group is called the control one which is to be taught classically. The sample of the study covers (46) female pupils at the fifth - year secondany school (scienbific branch).The whole sample have been randomly distributed into two groups, the experimental one is of (24)pupils and the control one is of (22)pupils. The equalization between the testees in the variables of age, intelligence, exinformation, previous achivement in Biology and the scientific thinking skills has been conducted. The experiment group was conducted at the second academic semester (7weeks).The researcher himself had taught the two groups.The results obtained has been statistically analyzed by using two - indepenbent samples t - test.The results gained showed a better performance of the experimental group more than that of the control one in the scientific thinking and the achievement tests. In the light of the above results, the researcher reconmends the use of the strategy of forming generalizations in accordance to Helda Taba Inductive Model.Also, the researcher recommends to conduct other studies and research on other subjccts other than Biology on different school stages to find out the impact of the strategy of forming generalizations on thinking skills.

دراسة تاثير مياه مجاري سامراء على نوعية المياه في نهر دجلة == A Study On The Effect of Samarra Sewage Water On The Quality of Water In Tigris River

Author name: افراح طعمة خلف مطر البدري

Supervisor name: حميد سلمان خميس المهداوي | ياسين حسين عويد

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution

Degree: Master

University: Tikrit University - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Salahaddin

First pages:

Abstract: تضمنت هذه الدراسة اختيار خمس محطات اربعة منها على نهر دجلة المار بمدينة سامراء بعد جسر سامراء والمحطة الخامسة والتي تمثل رقم 2 على مياه مجاري سامراء قبل ان تصب في مياه نهر دجلة.وقد تم اخذ العينات للمدة من شهر تشرين الاول 2010 حتى نهاية شهر ايلول 2011 وقد | The study included chosen five stations for water sampleing, four of them at Tigris river while the fifth station was chosen at samara sewage before meeting with Tigris river.Samples were collected monthly started from October 2010 until the end of September 2011. The study included the study of some physical, chemical and biological characteristics for river water and sewage and noticed the effects of sewage water on quality of these water in Tigris River, these characteristics clued in air , water temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solid, Total Suspseneded solid, dissolved oxygen(Do), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total hardness, calcium and magnesium hardness, chloride, alkalinity, nutrients concerteration, ( phosphate, nitrate) in addition the total number of bacteria and coliform bacteria.Water Temperature ranged through out the study ranged between (5° - 35°), while air temperature ranged between(5° - 38°) , Electrical Conductivity in the river ranged between (280 - 1480) mc/cm, where in sewage the electrical conductivity ranged between(1200 - 2180) mc/cm, while pH value tened to be slightly alkaline, it show very close value where ranged between(5.3 - 8.8). It was noticed that the pH value tened to be slightly acidic from January to August 2011. The results also show that the water were in good airation where the value of dissolved oxygen ranged between (3 - 10) mg/L in station one and stations five while the value of dissolved oxygen in stations two and three range between (2 - 6.5) mg/L.The result also showed that the concentration of total suspended solids ranged between(20 - 798) mg/L. where it has high value in April in all stations, this propably due to increase of discharge of the river which accompanied by suspended solid, while the dissolved solids in all station range between (250 - 1470) mg/L.The highest value recorded were, 1470 mg/ L on May 2011in station two.The value of total hardness for Tigris river ranged between hard to very hard(125 - 360) mgCaCO3/L in station one, four and five, whereas its value in stations two and three ranged between (200 - 925) mg/L. Calcium ion which is the cause of calcium hardness was higher than magnesium cencenrteration which is responsible of magnesium hardness, where calcium hardness ranged between (75 - 587.5) mg/ l and magnesium hardness ranged between (5 - 500) mg/l. chloride concentration ranged between (8 - 127.5) mg/l in all station, chloride cencetration in stations one, two, and five were in the allowable wnorld limit(8.5 - 68) mg/l. Alkalinity results showed that it related to carbonate and bicarbonate, and its ranged between (110 - 900) mg/l.While phosphate value ranged between(0.0106 - 1.999) µg atom - PO4/L, the lowest values were recorded in Tigris river, While the high value recorded in sewage station two, while nitrate value were fluctuated in all stations but the high value recorded in the second station is ranged between (0.0103 - 1.140) µg atom NO3/l. Result of microbiological study shown that there is high number of bacteria the average of total count of bacteria were(39.7×105، 17.31×105، 267× 105، 3.17 ×105، 0.0531×105) cell/ ml for all stations respectively, so it has been suggested that the water in Tigris river considered as polluted to very polluted while the resulty of Coliform bacteria were very high and the average number for all stations respectively as follows (209 × 105, 9809×105 , 25× 105, 1×105, 0.004×105 ( cell /ml According to these result the water is not suitable for direct drinking.Statistical analysis for most factors studied show significant differences between station one and station two and between station one and station three as well in stations four and five and there is no significant differences between station two and station three.

عوامل الخطورة لطفرات الجينين CBS وMTHFR لقبل الارتعاج لدى النساء الحوامل في النجف == Risk Factors of CBS And MTHFR Gene Mutation For Preeclampsia In Pregnant Women In Al - Najaf

Author name: زهراء سامي رزاق النجار

Supervisor name: ظافرة جعفر عبد علي الفتلاوي | ماجد كاظم حسين

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology

Degree: Master

University: University of Kufa - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Najaf

First pages:

Abstract: تعد الاصابة بقبل الارتعاجPre - eclampsia من الاعتلالات الخطيرة التي قد تظهر في الثلث الثالث من مدة الحمل اذ تتصف هذه الاصابة بارتفاع ضغط الدم وظهور بروتين الالبومين في الادرار. وقد ظلت اسباب نشوء هذه الحالة غير واضحة المعالم, اذ اعزيت بعض من اسبابها الى ا | Preeclampsia is considered as one of the serious complication in the third trimester of pregnancy. It is associated with hypertension and proteinuria. The causes of preeclamptic are still not well understood. Evidences suggested the involvement of metabolic related mutations in the disease. In the current study, the genetic mutations of CBS and MTHFR genes are studied as markers for the diagnosis of preeclampsia. Sixty preeclamptic pregnant women and forty healthy pregnant women as control group diagnosed by the physicians at Azzahra Teaching hospital for obstetrics &pediatrics in Najaf province from December 2012 to August 2013 The poly merase chain reactions technique was used to evaluate the incidence and frequency of C?S &MTHFR mutations. A questionnaire was conducted to obtain the information of the patients and the control group. Genetic mutation were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)and agaros gel electrophoresis. The information indicated that the age of pregnant women, gestation age, previous history of the patients, family history and parity are involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. The results of the present study of preeclampsia showed a significant increase (P ? 0.01) in patients (25 - 34) years old when compared with the other group. where the results found a significant increase (P <0.01) of Preeclampsia occurred during (33 - 39) weeks of pregnancy. And in the patients with previous history for preeclampsia there was significant increase (P<0.001) compared with healthy pregnants. Pregnants with preeclampsia in the family history showed significant increase (P< 0.01) as for women pregnant for the first time showed and significant (P<0.01) and constituted 8% pregnanst with preeclampsia who had diabetes mellitus. The extraction and quantification of cell free fetal DNA (cff DNA) revealed a significant (P<0.0001)increase in preeclamptic patients when compared with those of healthy pregnant women. It is confirmed by the use of an internal negative control through the monitoring of SRY gene (Y chromosome gene) amplification that the gene belong to the infant and 40 pregnant woman were followed up till the labor. Thus, 9 of them had delivered males, while 30 had delivered females. The wild type SRY gene band was obtained clearly from those of male delivery, but not from those of female delivery. Mutations of C?S gene were analyzed by theuse a primer intended to amplify a fragment of171 bp.The rate of mutation was found to be 51.7% and 5% in preeclamptic patients and healthy pregnant women respectively and Odd Ratio=20.31, P value=10 - 7. The C677T mutation of MTHFR gene was verified by the use of a primer designed to amplify a fragment of 198bp. The prevalence of mutation was indicated to be 68.3% and 17.5% in the preeclamptic patients and healthy pregnant women respectively and Odd Ratio =10.17, Pvalue =6.2*10 - 7. Results demonstrated the wide involvement of C?S and MTHFR gene mutation in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, but they are no crucial for the development of the disease. In addition there are so many factors thatmay be involved in such development.

تاثير كبريتات الخارصين في احداث افات نسجية مرضية وتغيرات وزنية في بعض اعضاء الفئران البيض Mus musculuc الحوامل وتشوهات خلقية ظاهرية لاجنتها == Effect of Zinc Sulfate In Histopathological Lesions Production And Weight Changes In Pregnant White Mice Mus Musculus And Morphological Congenital Malformations of It'S Embryos

Author name: محمود نوفل مصطفى حمد الصالح

Supervisor name: عزيز خالد حميد | سهام توفيق امين

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology - Histology

Degree: Master

University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Salahaddin

First pages:

دراسة بعض الجوانب المناعية لاصابات اللشمانيا في عينة المرضى العراقيين == Study of Some Immunological Aspects of Leishmaniasis In Sample of Iraqi Patient

Author name: مرتضى قيس علي العامري

Supervisor name: انوار ادريس سليمان العساف

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology - Immunology

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: This study was carried on 145 patients infected with leishmaniasis including; 75 with CL, 70 with VL, attending Al - Karama Teaching Hospital, Central Public Health Laboratory and Central Pediatric Teaching Hospital, during the period October 2013 to February 2014 were enrolled in this study, in addition to 30 healthy control collected from the National Center for blood donation for the same age groups for a group of patients. No clinical autoimmune manifestations such as arthralgia or cutaneous vasculitis were reported in any patients. Based on direct skin smear examination and serum samples analysis, the patients were distributed into two clinical groups : 30 patients suffering from cutaneous leishmaniasis and 30 patients suffering from visceral leishmaniasis patients.The presented study aimed to confirmation of diagnosis cutaneous leishmaniasis depending on direct skin smear and visceral leishmaniasis based on indirect immunofluorescent assay test IFAT, then investigate the association of IgG autoantibodies against some antigens, especially : nuclear antigens, like : ds - DNA, nucleosome, histones, SmD1, PCNA, ribosomal P0, SS - A/Ro60kD, SS - A/Ro52kD, SS - B/La, CENP - B, Scl70, U1 - snRNP, AMA M2, Jo1, PM - Scl, Mi - 2, Ku and against cardiolipin, in order to correlate the types of diseases presentation (cutaneous or visceral) with the presence of these autoantibodies in a sample of Iraqi patients.The study was reached to the following results : 1. The direct microscopically examination of skin smear in CL patients, showed positive results in 30 cases (40.0%) compared to 45 cases (60.0%) negative results, and was a significant difference at the level of (P?0.05).2. The anti - leishmanial antibodies by Indirect immunofluorescent assay test in VL patients, showed positive results in 30 cases (42.9%) compared to 45 cases (57.1%) negative results, and was a highly significant difference at the level of (P? 0.01).3. The age groups most affected in CL were 16 to 40 years, with high significant differences at the level of (P? 0.01) were observed when compared with the other age groups. As for patients with VL, who aged between 3 months to 9 years, they showed variable significant differences between age groups in female while there were no significant differences in male at the level of (P?0.01). The majority of patients were aged 3 to 4 years and they represent 9 (30.0%). The study result showed 16 CL patients (53.3%) have only one lesion, while 11 patients (36.7%) have 2 to 9 lesions and only 3 cases (10%) have ? 10 lesions in different sites of their bodies. There were elevated high significant differences at the level of (P?0.01) when compared between the groups. And 21 cases (70%) have infected for ? two months, and the remaining 9 cases get their infection for > 2 months duration. There were increased high significant differences observed at the level of (P?0.01) when compared between the groups. Dry lesions recorded superiority in 20 (66.7%) of the CL cases, and other 10 (33.3%) have been diagnosed as a wet lesions. There were elevated high significant differences observed at the level of (P?0.01) when compared between the two types of the lesion. And The upper limbs were the dominant site of lesions in the CL cases, 15 (39.4%) of the cases had their lesions in one or both hands, followed by the lower limbs in 11 (29.0%) cases and the less frequent site of infection was the face in only 4 (10.5%) cases and 8 (21.0%) cases common lesions. The results showed obvious high significant differences at (P? 0.01) between the groups.4. For the tests of the autoantibodies, the anti - ds - DNA antibody was positive only in one patients (3.3%) with CL of the total (30) patients, while tests of the rest 29 (96.7%) were negative, while in VL of the total (30) patients, 9 patients (30.3%) were positive and 21 (70.0%) were negative. The anti - ds - DNA in leishmaniasis patients were highly significant at the level of (P?0.01) when compared between the study groups. As for the anti - nucleosomes antibodies, it was positive in 5 patients (16.7%) and negative in 25 (83.3%) among patients in CL, while in VL patients, 16 patients (% 53.3) registered positive and 14 (46.7%) their result werenegative, the anti - nucleosomes antibodies in leishmaniasis patients were highly significant at the level of (P?0.01) when compared between the groups study. No score was recorded for anti - SmD1antibodies in CL patients, no one was positive 0 (0.0%) and all the 30 patients (100.0%) gave negative result for this antibody, while in patients with VL, the result showed 4 patients (13.3%) gave positive and 26 patients (86.7%) were negative, the anti - SmD1antibodies in leishmaniasis patients was significantly different at the level of (P?0.05) when compared between the groups. While the anti - SSA/Ro60kD and anti - SSA/Ro52kD, in VL patients, 9 patients (30.0%) scored positive results and 21 of the patients (70.0%) were tested negative for anti - SS - A/Ro60kD, but 7 patients (23.3%) were positive and 23 of the patients (76.7%) were tested negative for anti - SS - A/Ro52kD. While in patients with CL, no one scored positive (0.00%) and 30 of the patients (100.0%) were negative for anti - SS - A/Ro60kD, whereas one patient (3.3%) gave a positive result and 29 of the patients (96.7%) were negative for anti - SS - A/Ro52kD. About anti - SS - B/La we found that 19 of the patients (63.3%) were scored positive result for this antibody in addition to 11 patients (36.7%) who were negative in VL patients and 4 of the patients (13.3%) have those antibodies and 26 of the patients (86.7%) haven’t these antibodies in CL patients respectively. The anti - SS - A/Ro60kD, anti - SS - A/Ro52kD and anti - SS - B/La in leishmaniasis patients were highly significantly different at the level of (P?0.01), when compared between studied groups.5. VL cases showed a significantly different distribution of anti - nuclear antibodies (ANA) in compare with CL cases, especially; in Anti - Ku antibodies 24 (80%), anti - Mi - 2 antibodies 21 (70%) and anti - SS - B/La antibodies 19 (63.3%) respectively.6. The results of anti - nuclear antibodies level in patients with leishmaniasis like; anti - ds DNA, anti - nucleosome, anti - SmD1, anti - PCNA, anti - SS - A/RO 60, anti - SS - A/RO 52, anti - CNP - B were in high significantly different at the level of (P?0.01) and level (P?0.05) when compared between the groups, while the other autoantibodies like; anti - histone, anti - ribosomal P0, anti - Sc170, anti - U1 - snRNP, anti - AMA M2, anti - J0 - 1 and anti - PM - Sc1 showed no significant differences (P?0.01) between the investigated groups.7. The mean value of anti - cardiolipin IgG antibodies was increased substantially with highly significantly differences (P?0.01) in VL patients as compared with control group (8.123 vs. 1.959), also as compared with CL patients (8.123 vs. 2.402).

دراسة تاثير جنس الجنين وبعض المتغيرات الفسلجية في تراكيز بعض الهرمونات والمتغيرات الاخرى في دم الحوامل لمدينة تكريت وضواحيها == Study The Effect of Fetus Gender And Some Physiological Variables On The Concentrations of Certain Hormones And Other Variables On Pregnant Blood In Tikrit City And Its Suburbs

Author name: مروه عصام سليمان

Supervisor name: وهبي عبد القادر سلمان

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology - Physiology

Degree: Master

University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Salahaddin

First pages:

Abstract: جرت هذه الدراسة في مختبرات مستشفى تكريت التعليمي ومراكز الرعاية الصحية ومختبر علوم الحياة في كلية التربية للبنات جامعة تكريت وضواحيها للفترة من تشرين الاول2011 ولغاية اذار 2012 لمعرفة تاثير مراحل الحمل وعوامل جنس الجنين وكتلة الجسم الحي وعمر الام والسكن ل | This study was conducted in the laboratories of Tikrit Teaching Hospital, health - care centers, and the laboratory of Biology in college girls education in Tikrit city and its suburbs from the period of October 2011 until March 2012. The study was performed to see the impact of the pregnancy stages; sex factors of the fetus; body mass index; the mother's age; and residence for pregnant women, in the concentration of : certain blood components (Hb, PCV, WBC); blood sugar; cholesterol; estrogen, progesterone and testosterone hormones; and (TSH, T3, and T4 hormones. The study included (90) women at different stages of pregnancy, and the number of pregnant women at every stage was (30), ranged their ages from (15 - 40) years. A sample of (10) ml blood was taken from the surveyed women. The serum was separated by the common methods of separation, and conducted thereon desired examinations, The outcomes were as follows : - 1. Superiority of the first and second stages of pregnancy significantly (P<0.05) in the concentration of (Hb, PCV), compared with the third stage. 2. Increasing the total count of white blood cells and the concentration of blood sugar and cholesterol significantly with the progress of pregnancy stages. 3. Increasing progesterone hormone concentration significantly with the progress of pregnancy stages, while the concentration of estrogen hormone decreased in the middle stage of pregnancy, and increased significantly in the first and third stages, whereas there were no significant differences in the concentrations of testosterone hormone during the different stages of pregnancy. 4. The concentration of TSH and T3 hormones were decreased significantly with the progress of pregnancy stages, while the concentration of T4 hormone was increased in the first and last stages of pregnancy.5. Superiority of male pregnancy significantly compared with the female pregnancy in the concentrations of Hb and PCV ratios during the first and second stages of pregnancy, while the opposite happened in the third stage.6. Superiority of male pregnancy significantly compared with the female pregnancy in the total count of white blood cells during the first and third stages of pregnancy.7. Superiority of male pregnancy significantly compared with the female pregnancy in the concentrations of blood sugar, while the female pregnancy surpassed significantly in the concentrations of cholesterol compared with the male pregnancy during all the pregnancy stages. 8. Superiority of female pregnancy significantly compared with the male pregnancy in the concentration of estrogen hormone in first stage, while the opposite happened in the third stage, while the male pregnancy surpassed significantly compared with the female pregnancy in the concentrations of testosterone hormone during second and third stages, as well as superiority of female pregnancy significantly compared with the male pregnancy in the concentration of progesterone hormone during the first and third stages of pregnancy, while the opposite happened in the second stage.9. Superiority of female pregnancy significantly compared with the male pregnancy in the concentrations of TSH hormone during the first stage of pregnancy, while the opposite happened in the third stage. while Superiority of male pregnancy significantly compared with the female pregnancy in the concentrations of T4 hormones during the first and second stage of pregnancy but the concentration of T3 superiority all pregnancy stages.10. A significant decrease in the values of Hb and PCV with increasing the body mass index during the second stage of pregnancy while the opposite happened in third stage of pregnancy.11. Increasing the total count of white blood cells significantly with increasing the body mass index in the first stage of pregnancy, while the opposite happened in the last stage of pregnancy. Increasing the concentration of blood sugar with increasing body mass index in first and second stages of pregnancy but concentration cholesterol decreasing significantly with increasing the body mass index.12. Decrease the concentrations of estrogen hormone significantly during first and second stages of pregnancy with increasing the body mass index for pregnant women, while a significant increase appeared in the concentration of progesterone hormone with increasing the body mass index during the second stage of pregnancy, and the opposite happened during the first and third stages. Testosterone hormone increased significantly with increasing the body mass index for pregnant women during first and second stages of pregnancy 13. A significant increase appeared in the concentrations of TSH hormone at pregnant women with decreasing the body mass index. while a significant increase for the concentration of T3 in first stage and T4 hormone increase at pregnant women during all stages of pregnancy with increasing the values of body mass index.14. No significant differences in values of Hb and PCV during the first and second stages of pregnancy for all ages, but the small ages surpassed significantly compared with the old ages during the third stage of pregnancy. while The total count of white blood cells decreased significantly with the progress of pregnant women's age during all pregnancy stages.15. The small age groups for pregnant women increased significantly in the concentration of blood sugar during the first stage of pregnancy, while they decreased significantly during the second stage of pregnancy.while Age did not affect significantly in the concentrations of cholesterol during the first stage of pregnancy, while the old age groups decreased significantly compared with the first and second age groups) 32 - 24), (23 - 15) during the second and third stages of pregnancy.16. The concentration of Estrogen hormone increased significantly with the age progress during the first and third stages of pregnancy compared with the second stage, while the concentrations of progesterone hormone decreased significantly at old ages during the first and third stages of pregnancy.The concentration of testosterone hormone was not affected significantly during the last stage of pregnancy for all ages, but it decreased significantly during the second stage of pregnancy compared with the first stage of pregnancy for all ages.17. A significant increase showed in for the concentration of TSH in first and the last stages while decreased significantly the concentration T3 and T4 hormones with the age - progress at all stages of age.18. No noteworthy impact for residence of pregnant women in all stages of age, cause its impact is very little on all the qualities covered in the present study.

تاثير بعضز الظروف البيئية على النظام الدفاعي المضاد للتاكسد خارج الخلوي لدى المدخنين والعاملين في مجال اللحام والاشعاع == Effect of Some Environmental Conditions On The Extra - Cellular Defense System Among Smokers And Workers In The Field of Radiation And Welding

Author name: معد رشيد مطلك الزبيدي

Supervisor name: مازن رزوقي محمد

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology - Physiology

Degree: Master

University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Diyala

First pages:

Abstract: تعد ظاهرة الاجهاد التاكسدي من اهم الميكانيكيات المحتملة لاحداث الضرر في النظام الحيوي عند التعرض لانواع مختلفة من المؤثرات والعوامل البيئية، ولذا تكون الانظمة المضادة للتاكسد هي اول من يتاثر بالزيادة الحاصلة في تكوين الجذور الفعالة المؤكسدة. لذلك تهدف هذ | The phenomenon of excessive oxidation considered the most important mechanism that cause potential damage to vital system when exposed to different forms of environmental factors, so anti - oxidants systems are the first to be affected by the increase formation of oxidizing radicals. For this reason, This study aims to determine the extent of the effect of some environmental conditions on the Extra - cellular antioxidant system, determine the most affected part in this system, study the correlation of this damage with other variable and to identify the natural values of different antioxidant system components. The study was carried out in the district of Baquba city, capital of Diyala province during the period from 10 October 2013 to 1 May 2014, the study group included (160) individual divided into four group (40) persons working in the field of welding, (40) persons workers in the radiation and (40) persons smokers and compared with (40) healthy people (the control group), all individual included in this study were male with age rang (25 - 45 years).Requested blood samples were taken for laboratory testes including complete blood count, and measurement of the following biochemical parameters, total serum protein, serum albumin, serum zinc, serum copper, serum iron, serum glutathione and malondialdehyde. The results of the laboratory test elicited that, the most common abnormalities in this study were the presence of low level of glutathione zinc, and copper in individual in all three study group in compare with controlled group and the differences were statistically significant(p value<0.05, <0.001, <0.01 respectively), also low level of iron in radiation group in compare with controlled groups and the differences were statistically significant(p value<0.01), and low level of proteins and albumin in smoking group in compare with controlled group and the differences were statistically significant(p value<0.01).also results of the current study revealed increased in the level malondialdehyde (MDA) in all three study groups in compare with controlled group and the differences were statically significant (p value<0.01). and increased levels of protein and albumin in the radiation and welder group in compare with controlled groups and the differences were statistically significant(p value<0.05) and increased in the level of iron in welder and smokers compare with control group and the differences were statistically significant (p value<0.001). The results of other laboratory test which include the complete blood count show High levels of white blood cells in all study groups compare with control group and the differences were statically significant (p value<0.001), and High levels of neutrophil and lymphocyte in welder and radiation group compare with control group and the differences were statically significant (p value<0.001). Results of the current study also showed increased levels of hematocrit, and red blood cells count and platelets count in a smokers group compare with control group and the differences were statically significant (p value<0.01).also there is increased in red blood cells count in radiation group in compare with controlled group (p value<0.05) , and decreased in platelets count in radiation group in compared with controlled group (p value<0.05).

تاثير المعاملة ببعض مبيدات الافات والمواد الكيمياوية في نمو الفطرين Alternaria tenuissima وFusarium oxysporum المرافقة لبذور وجذور الحنطة Triticum aestiumn == Effect of Some Pesticides And Chemicals In The Growth of Fungi Alternaria Tenuissima And Fusarium Oxysporum Associated With The Seeds And Roots of Wheat (Triticum Aestiumn)

Author name: مهند جاسم حمود

Supervisor name: عبد الامير سمير سعدون

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology - Fungi

Degree: Master

University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Qadisiyah

First pages:

Abstract: اذ تم في هذه الدراسة عزل عدة انواع من الفطريات المرافقة لجذور وبذور الحنطة تموز 2 مصدق 1وتم تشخيص تسعة انواع من الفطريات المرافقة للبذور وبنسب تردد مختلفة وهذه الانواع هي Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum , Alternaria tenuissima, Rhizopus stotanifer | As it was in this study to isolate several types of fungi associated with the roots and seeds of wheat July 2 certified 1 was diagnosed nine types of fungi associated with seeds and different frequency rates and these types areAspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum, Alternaria tenuissima, Rhizopus stotanifer P. digitatum, Fusarium oxysporum, A.flavus, Fusarium solani, A. alternata. Was diagnosed nine types of fungi isolated from the roots of wheat and the surrounding soil and different frequency rates and these types. A. alternata, A. niger, R. stolanifer, Mucor sp., Trichoderma hazianum, P. notatum, F. oxysporum, F. solani, Alternaria tenuissima. Testing was diagnosed two fungal species tested using a technique monomer chain reaction PCR. These species are fungal Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria tenuissima. This study tested the effect of pesticides is a fungal pesticide jungles Granstar and insecticide Wide. The transactions chemical which urea and NaCl in the growth of some fungi isolated from the seeds and roots of wheat as it has been test the effect of different treatments and their interaction in the germination of seeds of wheat on the filter paper and compare nets comparison innate Elsa (Carbendazim) and underwent tests the effects of different treatments and their interaction in radial growth and dry weight of the two types of fungi isolated in the germination of their spores and bacterial length of the tube, as well as test the effect of transactions and their interaction in the germination of seeds in the soil sterile and non - sterile. The results showed that the use of urea and sodium chloride concentration of 15 mg / mL in the treatment of seeds of wheat led to increased germination of these seeds and the impact of a negative in some types of pathogenic fungi associated with them as well as the use of pesticides other than fungal pesticide jungles Granstar and insecticide Wide negative effect also in the vitality Activity and fungi.germination The results showed the existence of significant effects on rates of seeds treated with pesticides and salts on the filter paper analogy transactions comparison since given concentration 15 mg / 10 mL of pesticides and 15 mg / ml of salt are high in the germination of the seed treatment, which exceeded ratios germination of seeds of wheat treatment urea fertilizer treatment fungicide Elsa. As rate ratios germination of wheat seed treatment with urea 96.66%, while the rate ratios germination of seeds of wheat pesticide Elsa 93.33%, followed by treatment of pesticide Wide as rate ratios germination 83.33% and 80.00% for wheat seed when the focus 15 mg / ml of sodium chloride salt treatment, and after treatment Karan Star as the rate of germination rates of seeds of wheat 73.33%. The results showed the existence of significant effects in increasing the proportion of seed germination treatment with pesticides and salts in the soil sterile and non - sterile as it gave the Focus 15 mg / 10 mL of pesticides and 15 mg / ml of salts highest rates of germination of these seeds came these results are compatible with the results of seed germination in the filter paper. The results show that as well as the individual transactions were more influential than the transactions overlap in radial growth and dry weight of fungi testers and their spores germination rates and lengths of germ tubes, as growth rates of radiographic Fungi F. oxysporum and A. tenuissima in the treatment of a mixture Wide and Granstar 11.44, 8.55 mm, respectively, while the rates of diameters of the colonies for the treatment of urea pesticide Wide 33.66 and 26.66 mm, while the pesticide mixture Wide treatment with sodium chloride amounted to 37.00 and 15.00 mm, in while rates were diameters of colonies for the treatment of a mixture Granstar with sodium chloride, 52.66 and 25.00 mm, and the growth rates were radiography for the treatment of pesticide Granstar with urea 25.00 and 11.66 mm, and the growth rates for the treatment of sodium chloride with urea 31.24 and 37.33 mm, compared with the fungicide Elsa, which amounted to the radial growth rates of 8.55 - 11.44 mm Fungi testers respectively.

تقويم صفة تحمل بعض اصناف البطاطا المكثرة نسيجيا للجفاف على المستوى الجزيئي == Evaluation of Some Potato Varieties Grown In Vitro To Drought Tolerance At The Molecular Level

Author name: هوازن حليم صالح

Supervisor name: علي عبد الامير مهدي الصالحي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Biotechnologies

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: درست استجابة اربعة اصناف من البطاطا Solanum tuberosum L. وهي (Lusa, Ambo, Arizona, Riviera)، استجابتها للزراعة النسيجية، وتقييم صفة تحمل الجفاف، كما اجريت التحاليل الجزيئية لتحديد البصمة الوراثية لها.اوضحت نتائج تجربة اختبار استجابة الزراعة النسيجية، ان ا | Four varieties of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L. Lusa, Ambo, Arizona and Riviera) were studied for their response to tissue culture and evaluation of the treatment of drought tolerance and molecular analysis. Results showed that the varieties differ in their response to growth, where as Arizona was the best variety in shoot tip culture and the survival percent (100%) and gave the highest average of branch length and number of leaves which were 9.810 cm, 8.100 leaf/ plant, while Riviera showed lower rate of survival and growth (40%). Riviera was excluded from the experiments. Cytokines and auxins were used in the following concentrations Kinetin (kin) with 2, 4 mg/L and Benzel adenine (BA) with interacted with Indoleacetic acid (IAA) at 1 or 2 mg/l or Napthalene acetic acid (NAA) at 0.5 or 1.0 mg/L in multiplication experiment. Arizona variety exhibited the highest length shoot, number of nods, number of leaves, root length, dry weight of roots, fresh and dry weights of shoots when using kinetin 2mg/L; interacted with NAA at 0.5 mg/L. while it showed a significant increase in the average of branches number, stem height, fresh and dry weights of shoot as well as the number of roots after treatment with using BA at 1 mg/L in combination with 0.5 mg/L (IAA). Drought tolerance of the studied varieties was studied by using Poly Ethlene Glycol (PEG) at the concentrations 20, 40, 60, 70, or 80 g/l. It showed that proline content was at its highest in Ambo variety reached 22.811 ? /g at the concentration 80 gm/L PEG. Arizona gave the highest mean in number of branches, number of nods, number of leaves, number of roots, under water stress conditions when the medium was supplemental with 20 mg/L PEG. Molecular analysis the studied varieties was conducted by using 6 primers. Results showed that the inheritance approximation between them, 0.314, 0.297, 0.273 for Lusa, Ambo and Arizona respectively. These results indicate that Rivera variety is genetically different from the others.

دراسة جزيئية للـ Bacteriocine المنتج من قبل بكتريا lactobacillus salivarius == Molecular Study of Bacteriocine Produce By Lactobacillus Salivarius

Author name: ايمان حمزة محمد

Supervisor name: احلام نعيم كاظم الياسين

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Master

University: University of Kufa - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Najaf

First pages:

Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الحالية التحري عن قابلية عزلات بكتريا Lactobacillus salivarius على انتاج البكتريوسين ودوره في تثبيط فعالية بعض العزلات البكتيرية السالبة لصبغة غرام. جمعت 155 عينة من مصادر سريرية مختلفة شملت 20عينة مسحات مهبلية، 8 عينة مسحات اللعاب، 6عينة حل | The aime of study detecting the a bility of Lactobacillus salivarius to produce bacteriocin and determine it’s role in inhibition the activity of some Gram negative bacteria. Atotal of 155 sample from different clinical source has been collected during the period from October - 2012 to March - 2013, these include 20 samples from vaginal smear, 8 samples from saliva and 6 samples from human milk.The results of primary isolation, Laboratory diagnosis and biochemical test showed that 34 isolates has bee identified as L.salivarius.Ahigh precent of isolation has been carried out from human milk which was 40%. The ability of all isolates to produce gelatinase and biofilm has been detected and the results revealed the ability of some isolates to produce gelatinase and biofilm. Ahigh percent of gelatinase production has been detected in L.salivarius isolated from milk sample (50%), while alow percent of gelatinase production was 0% in L.salivarius isolated from saliva. The results of optical density of biofilm produced by L.salivarius isolates from milk which was 100% higher than it in isolates from vaginal and saliva which was 85% and 75% respectively. All isolates shows antibacterial effect against some Gram negative bacteria, the diameter of inhibition as between (2 - 8), the results showed the ability of 4 selective isolates of L.salivarius to produce bacteriocin in which the Rf valve of precipitate bacteriocin was (0.42 - 0.6) compard with leaky bacteriocin hich was (0.57 - 0.8), also leaky bacteriocin as more activity against G - ve bacteria than precipitate bacteriocin. The result of plasmid profile in L.salivarius revealed the presence of megaplasmid in all isolate except one which had one megaplasmid and one small plasmid. Bacterial conjugation between L.salivarius that produce bacteriocin and had megaplasmid which used as adonor cell with E. coli Jm 109 as a recipient cell showed transferring of megaplasmid from donor to recipient cell and the transconjugant cells showed high anti - bacterial effect due to bacteriocin production against G - ve bacteria. The result of amplification of Sal P gene encoding salivracin P by PCR confirmed that all isolate had no Sal P gene in there genetic materials which revealed that these isolates had another type of bacteriocin rather than Salivracin P.

الكشف الجزيئي عن بكتريا Oxalobacter formigenes باستخدام جينات 16SrRNA، oxc في البراز من اشخاص اصحاء == Molecular Identification of Oxalobacter Formigenes Bacteria Based On 16S rRNA, Oxc Genes In Stool Samples Healthy Subjects

Author name: طارق طلال خلف

Supervisor name: زهرة محمود الخفاجي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Biotechnologies

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: بكتريا Oxalobacter formigenes من مكونات المكنون البشري الميكروبي، تتغذى على الاوكزالات السامة وبذا تخلص الجسم منها. البكتريا سالبة لصبغة كرام، ولا تكون الابواغ ولاهوائية المعيشة، ويمكن عزلها من الغائط البشري، ولدراسة البكتريا من النواحي الجزيئية، تم جمع ع | Oxalobacter formigenes is one of the human microbiome, uses the toxic oxalate for their growth (Oxalotroph), and helps the body to get rid of excess oxalate. The bacterium is Gram negative, non - spore former, obligate anaerobe, and can be isolated from human stool.To carry out molecular studies on this bacterium, 50 samples of human stool were collected from subjects with wide range of ages (3 - 63 years) and different genders, subjects were healthy and have no medications and especially antibiotics for at least for 3 months. Genomic DNA was extracted with special kit, to amplify certain housekeeping genes, these are 16S rRNA (3' end) segment having the anti - Shine - Dalgarno sequence (ASD), and the oxc gene responsible for production of oxalyl - CoA decarboxylase (middle region responsible for active site at where the Thiamin pyrophosphate binds, the enzyme co - factor). It was possible to amplify the 16S rRNA gene in 46 sample out of 50 (92%), and 7 samples out of 50 (14%) for oxc gene. Analysis and alignments of 16S rRNA sequences put the Iraqi samples in the O. formigenes i.e., the same species depending on Distance Score of alignments, it has been found that ASD of bacteria is conserved and represented by the sequence " 5' CGCGGUGAACGUUCCCGGG3' " in the studied samples and in strains found in the International Databases. Segment of oxc (~ 600 bp) translated into proteins (190 - 194 amino acids) were aligned with oxc protein of O. formigenes (M77128) reference strain, it has been found that this segment similar to the TPP binding site and characterized by its high hydrophobicity

المراتب التصنيفية للنباتات البرية من ذوات الفلقتين في منطقة صدور - ديالى == Wild Dicots Plant Taxa of Sudoor - Diyala Province

Author name: نسرين صبار هاشم حسين المهداوي

Supervisor name: علي حسين عيسى الموسوي | وسام مالك داود

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Plant

Degree: Master

University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Diyala

First pages:

Abstract: This study examined the current survey of the vascular plants of dicotyledon wild during the study period (2013 - 2012) In the area of Sudoor - Diyala, the study was based on the 774 samples of plants with their duplicates as collected by The Researcher. All of these collections have been cacched in the Iraqi herbariums. To be specific there are 186 species which relate to 133 genus and 43 families. All these, have been scientifically classified with thier local and common Iraqi or arabic names.Besides, their duration and economic importance (medical, toxic, nutritional or forage, artificial, harmful, aromatic, ornamental, fuel plants or other uses). Moreover, their geographical distribution in the districts of Iraq and thier geographical existence in neighboring countries to Iraq (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Turkey, Iran, Syria and Jordan) , and the study results statistics have shown that the vast majority of the collected species are Herbal Plants totalling 164 species out of 179 species in all.This, in fact, can be ascribed to the impossibility of txonomizing 7 plants species for the incapacity to obtain their flowers or fruits. As for the shrub species it amounts to 13 species where as the number of woody species of trees is 2 only. As for the economic plants and their significance, let s mention the fact that the number of plants used as forage amounts to 86 species, the medical plants are 83 species, the toxic plants fall into 43 species, the ornamental plants are 23 species, the industrial plants are 14 species, the weed plants are 11 species, the aromatic plants are of 6 species, and the plants used as fuel are of 4 species. It also appears that the majority of the plant in the area of study is widespread in the various districts of Iraq, i.e. the number of such plants amounts to 110 species, however, there are plants of medium spread in the districts of Iraq, i.e. the number of such plants amountsto 54 species.There still are some plants whose geographic distribution has no been identified in the districts of Iraq and their number is 15 species, and as for their geographic extension into the neighboring Countries, these plants amount to 116 species in Saudi Arabia, 84 species in Turkey, 81 species in Iran, 79 species in Kuwait, 69 species in Syria and 26 species in Jordan. Furthermore, the species of plants collected perviously and have not been found during the period of study amount to 32 species and these relate to 13 families.The shrinkage of the vegetation cover in the area of Sudoor is attributed mainly to the drought conditions and the wind soil erosion which the area has undergone in the previous years. Besides, there are some other reasons including the overgrazing, the expansion of agriculture and the unstudied projects of construction, which have resulted in the disappearance of natural plants in the area.

دراسة المشعرة المهبلية Trichomonas vaginalis والجراثيم المرافقة لها في نساء مدينة تكريت == Study of Trichomonas Vaginalis And Bacteria Associated With It In Tikrit City'S Women

Author name: ميلاد عدنان مزهر

Supervisor name: حسين ساهر اسود العبيدي | عبد الله حسين عبد الله الجبوري

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology

Degree: Master

University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Salahaddin

First pages:

Abstract: تناولت الدراسة الحالية عزل طفيلي المشعرة المهبلية T. vaginalis والتعرف على انواع البكتريا المرافقة له من النساء اللواتي يعانين من التهاب المهبل Vaginatis المراجعات لمستشفى تكريت التعليمي قسم النسائية والتوليد للمدة مابين اب 2007 ولغاية نهاية شباط 2008،بلغ | The present study included the isolation of T. vaginalis and conducted to determine bacteria associated with this parasite in women attending gynecology and delivary department in Tikrit teaching hospital suffering from vaginitis from august 2007 till the end of February 2008. One hundred ninety three samples were collected, their ages ranged between (14 - 57) years.The rate of infection with this parasite was 9.3%. it was not associated with bacterial in a proportion 33.3%, where as 66.7% was associated with bacterial infection.Bacterial vaginitis represented 80.4%, S. aureus was the most commonly isolated associated with T. vaginalis. It was with a proportion 41.8% and was the most common bacteria represented 21.3% among other bacterial species causing vagintis. The sensitivity of diagnostic tests were variable since the direct examination was the highly sensituse test (100%) in comparison with staining using giemsa and gram stains, their sensitivity were 19.6% and 0.0% respectively. The most common clinical symptoms related to trichomoniasis infections were discharges with burning and itching which represented 44.8% and white discharge was 64.7% which represent discharge according to color.. According to epidemiology of this parasite, the highest percentage of infection was 14.6% in urban women with secondary educational level and with high socioeconomic level while represent 22.7% and 15.8% respectively and the highest rate of infection (12.9%) as recorded in ages group (24 - 33) years. In married women the proportion of infection was 9.4% while in women whom were not child bearing it was 15.9%. Also a highest infection rate 16.6% was recorded in women who using antifertility tablets. The present study also determined the relationship between the pH of vagina and types of infection since high infection rate was with parasite 91.7% and 97.4% of bacterial vaginatis at pH ? 4.5. The present study showed a highly significant elevation in E2 hormone valvo in pregnant and nonpregnant women infected with trichomoniasis while this hormone was decreased in sterile women infected with trichomoniasis and in pregnant and nonprengnant and sterile women infected with bacteria vaginatis.

تاثير نقص البروتين في بعض التغيرات النسجية والسريرية والوظيفية في ذكور الفئران البيض == The Effect of Protein Deficiency In Some Clinical, Histological And Physiological Changes In Male White Mice

Author name: نسم عماد دايم الفؤادي

Supervisor name: فاضل فرهود مكي الجبوري | هاشم محمد عبد الكريم العلاق

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Life Science

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - College Of Science For Girls - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: The present study is designed to know the effect of protein deficiency on mice males through study the clinical histological changes of some organs including (liver, kidney, stomach and testes).In addition of study the blood and biochemical parameters, where they were sheltering animals in the animal house of the branch of physiology / College of Veterinary Medicine / University of AL - Qadisiya and the number was 90, all of the mice are males and age (28 - 30) days kept for two weeks before starting the experiment for the purpose of acclimatization was given during this period, diet control, then the experiment began between 01/05/2014 until 19/2 / 2014, and at weights ranging from start racing experience between 17 - 18 g, all in a period of growth.These animals were divided into three groups, each group contains 30 mice, first group (control) was give 18% total protein contains animal protein 7%, while the second group was given 13% total protein contain 3.5% animal protein, and the third group was given 10 % total protein without any animal protein for different period as follow (15, 30, 45)day.Experiment takes study of changes in body weight of animals and some selected organs also study histological changes for studied organs, also physiological blood parameters such as PCV, Hb, GCS and TSP.Results showed significant decrease (p<0.05) in weight body rate of animals, also in the rate of selected organs means compared with control group. The second treatment for 45 days most significant in decreased of body weight and organs weight if it compared with first treatment in all periodsHistological procedures showed that clinical and histological changes are graduated by the severe of protein deficiency and period of time. The histology investigation for liver showed that congestion of blood vessels accompanied with dilation of central vein and portal vein, and necrosis of the hepatic cells and destroyed the general total structure of liver. The section of kidney showed that necrosis and destroyed in renal tubules and epithelial cells in the lumen of tubules and bleeding in renal tubules and clear shrinkage in glomerulus. There are histological changes in stomach by necrosis and desquamation for gastric cells in both period (30, 45) days, while there are no histological clinical changes in both doses in period (15 days) for exposure. Histological sections of testes showed induction inhibition of spermatogenesis and desquamation of germ cells and congestion in the interstitial tissue and dilation of lumen of seminiferous tubules in both periods (30, 45) days, while there is no any changes in both first and second treatment in period of (15)days.In contrast, the hematological parameters showed that the concentration of Hb, PCV significant decrease (p<0.05) in blood of treatment animals which correlated with protein deficiency compared with control group, and the second treatment for (45) days showed the most significant in the parameters compared with the first treatment and for all periods.Biochemical tests obtain significant decrease (p<0.05) in blood glucose level in both treatment first and second in first period. Also the results showed that no significant increase in first treatment in both periods (30, 45) days compared with control group, while there is significant increase in the level of blood glucose in the second treatment in both periods (30, 45) days compared with the control group. Also did not score a significant decrease (P <0.05) in the total serum protein in thefirst treatment in the first period (15) days, compared with the control group, and found a significant decrease (P <0.05) in the first treatment in the two periods (30, 45) days compared with the control group, while found a significant decrease (P <0.05) in the total serum protein in the second treatment period (15, 30, 45) days compared with the control group.It can be conclusion that the exposure for protein deficiency due to clear clinical histological changes for studied organs and some changes in some hematological and biochemical parameters in white mice which treated with protein deficiency which it causes these symptoms

تاثير المستخلص المائي الخام لنبات الزنجبيل Roscoe officinale Zingiber على بعض الجوانب الدموية والتناسلية في الفئران الحوامل == Effect of Crude Aqueous Extract of Zingiber Officinale Roscoe On Some Hematological And Reproductive Aspects In Pregnant Mice

Author name: رغد خالد موفق مسلم

Supervisor name: محمد عبد الهادي غالي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Science For Girls

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة للتعرف على مدى تاثير المستخلص المائي الخام للزنجبيل Zingiber officinale Roscoe (الطازج، اوالجاف) على الفئران الحوامل المجرعة عن طريق الفم وبالتراكيز (284، 568، 1136، 1420 ملغم/ كغم) اثناء مراحل الحمل المختلفة (المبكرة والوسطية والمتاخرة | This study was designed to investigate the effect of the crude aqueous extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) (fresh or dry) on pregnant mice orally administered at doses (284, 568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg) during different durations of pregnancy (early, intermediate, and final) for a period of 7 days for each duration. The study showed that there was no significant difference in the average weights of the animals at (P < 0.05) after treatment with (dry or fresh) extract at doses (284, 568, 1136 or 1420 mg/kg) comparing with the control group.The parameters of blood in the early duration of pregnancy showed a significant decrease in the average of hemoglobin (Hb) at (P < 0.05) after treatment with (fresh or dry) extract at the doses (568, 1136, 1420 mg/ kg), while the average of packed cell volume (PCV), demonstrated a significant decrease after treatment with fresh extract at doses (284, 568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg), and at (568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg) after treatment with dry extract at (P < 0.05) : The average of red blood cells (R.B.C.) after treatment with (fresh or dry) ginger extract, at (P < 0.05) showed a significant decrease at doses (284, 568, 1136, 1420 mg / kg), while the average mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and the average mean corpuscular volume (MCV) at (P < 0.05) revealed a significant increase and at doses (568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg) after treatment with dry extract, at doses (1136, 1420 mg/kg) for the average of (MCH), at doses (568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg) for the average (MCV) after treatment with fresh extract, while the average Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) did not show any significant difference at (P < 0.05) after treatment with (fresh or dry) extract comparing with the control group.The parameters of blood in the intermediate duration of pregnancy showed a significant decrease at (P < 0.05) in the average of (Hb), (PCV) and (R.B.C.) at doses (284, 568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg) after treatment with fresh extract, while dry extract demonstrated a significant decrease in average of (Hb) and (PCV) at doses (568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg), and a significant decrease in the average of (R.B.C.) but at doses (284, 568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg), while the average of (MCH) and (MCV) showed a significant increase at (P < 0.05) and at doses (568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg) after treatment with (fresh or dry) extract, while the average of (MCHC) did not showed any significant difference at (P < 0.05) after treatment with (fresh or dry) extract comparing with the control group.The parameters of blood in the final duration of pregnancy revealed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the average of (Hb), (PCV) and (R.B.C.) at doses (284, 568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg) after treatment with (fresh or dry) extract, while (MCH) showed a significant increase at (P < 0.05) and at doses (568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg) after treatment with (fresh or dry) extract, (MCHC) did not demonstrated any significant difference at the level (P < 0.05) after treatment with (fresh or dry) extract at all doses, while (MCV) showed a significant increase at (P < 0.05) and at doses (284, 568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg) after treatment with fresh extract, and at doses (568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg) after treatment with dry extract comparing with the control group. The results showed a significant decrease at (P < 0.05) in the average of diameters of ovarian and corpus luteum after treatment with (fresh or dry) extracts in the early and final durations of pregnancy at doses (568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg), and in the intermediate duration after treatment with (fresh or dry) extract but at doses (284, 568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg) comparing with group control.As for the concentration of the hormone estrogen (? - estradiol) didn’t demonstrated a significant difference at (P < 0.05) during different durations of pregnancy after treatment with (fresh or dry) extract at all doses, whereas progesterone showed a significant decreased at doses (284, 568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg) in all durations after treatment with (fresh or dry) extract comparing with the control group. Using doses at (284, 568, 1136, 1420 mg/kg) with (fresh or dry) extracts revealed a significant increase at (P < 0.05) in the average number of infected follicles in the all durations of pregnancy comparing with the control group. The results showed that there are no significant difference in the lengths of the embryos during intermediate and final durations at (P < 0.05) after treatment with (fresh or dry) extract at all doses comparing with the control group.There are also histopathological changes in the ovary, uterus and placenta included degeneration in ovarian follicles, necrosis, congestion, hemorrhage, edema, vasodilatation and rupture in blood vessels at different using doses.These findings indicated that the treatment with (dry and fresh) extract at doses (568, 1136 or 1420) mg/ kg harmful on pregnancy in different durations (early, intermediate, and final) , also the using of fresh ginger more harmful than dry ginger.

التحري عن جينات المقاومة لمضادات البيتالاكتام واسعة الطيف في بكتريا Acinetobacter baumannii المعزولة من مصادر سريرية == Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta - Lactam Resistance Genes In Acinetobacter Baumannii Isolated From Clinical Sources

Author name: صفا ماجد محمد الباجلاني

Supervisor name: عباس عبود فرحان الدليمي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Master

University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Diyala

First pages:

Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة عزل وتشخيص 16عزلة من بكتريا Acinetobacter baumannii من اصل 196 عينة جمعت من مصادر سريرية مختلفة في مستشفى بعقوبة العام ومستشفى البتول التعليمي وكانت اعلى نسبة عزل لهذه البكتريا من مسحات الجروح %10.8، ومسحات الحروق بنسبة 8.3%، والادرار 6.9%، | The study included isolation and diagnosis of 16 isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii out of 196 samples collected from different clinical sources in Baquba General Hospital and Al - Batool Teaching Hospital. The highest rate for the isolation of these bacteria from wounds 10.8%, burns 8.3%, urine 6.9%, and blood 5%. The diagnosis of isolates was confirmed by ViTEK2 device in addition to phenotypic, microscopic characteristics and biochemical tests.The results of the investigation of virulence factors for Acinetobacter baumannii isolates showed that all isolates have the ability to adhesion surfaces of epithelial cells of humans (100%), while the ability of 13 isolates to produce biofilm was 81.2%, seven isolates had possessed efflux pumps with high efficiency (43.7%). The investigation of the sensitivity of the isolates for ten antibiotics, the results showed all isolates were resistant to antibiotic cephalexin was 100%, against antibiotics meropenem and imipenem was 50%, the other antibiotics resistance ratios ranged between 81.2% - 56.2%. The results of multi - drugs - resistance tests showed ten isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii possessed of multiple antibiotic resistance, the isolates were divided into two groups, resistance group and other sensitive depending on the resistance to antibiotics, as the first group included ten isolates resistance from 6 - 9 antibiotics, the second group included six isolates resisted from 1 - 4 antibiotics, and the first group is dominant in the study. The concentration (100 µg/ml) of cephalexin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone to test the ability of isolates were resistant to cephalosporin antibiotics, all isolates showed resistance to this concentration for antibiotic Cephalexin, the resistance Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone to this concentration was 75% for both antibiotics. The combination disk method used to investigate isolates producing for extended spectrum ? - lactamase enzyms and metallo ? - lactamase enzyms the results indicated that the percentage of isolates under study producing extended spectrum ? - lactamase enzymes and metallo ? - lactamase were 62.5% and 56.2% respectively from the total 16 isolation. It was determined the minimum inhibitory concentration MIC for cefotaxime and ceftazidime by method of multiplying serial concentrations, The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration for cefotaxime values ranging between 32 - 1024 µg/ml, as for the MIC ceftazidime his values ranging between 16 - 1024 µg/ml. Conducted process extract bacterial DNA for isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii, then held polymerize chain reaction PCR for isolates resistant to antibiotics ? - lactam and MIC values more than 64 µg/ml through the use of specialized primers that target specific sequence of genes blaCTX - m and blaSHV, relay outputs of the multiplication agarose gel concentration of 1%, the results showed that 5 isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii out of 10 isolates possessed gene blaCTX - m and by 50%, as for blaSHV gene the results showed that three of the isolates under study only has this gene and by 30%.

التاثيرات النسجية والدمية وبعض النواحي الوظيفية لعقار البيروكسيكام في ذكور الفئران البيض Mus musculus == Histological And Hematological Effects And Some Physiological Aspects of Piroxicam In Male Albino Mice Mus Musculus

Author name: بشرى عمر احمد معروف

Supervisor name: انتظار محمد مناتي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology - Histology

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: The current study aimed to detect the effect of Piroxicam in making behavioral, hematological and physiological changes in the kidneys of adult male albino mice Mus musculus, The present study also included measuring the diameters of glomeruli, proximal and distal convoluted tubules as well as the histopathological study.A total number of (128) adult male albino mice were utilized in this study, they were randomly distributed into four main groups, the first three groups were orally treated with concentration (50, 100, 150) mg/kg respectively, the forth group considered as control group were orally treated with (0.1) ml of distilled water for eight weeks, the samples were collected every two weeks for the histological study, blood samples were withdrawn for the hematological and physiological studies.The current study showed that there were behavioral changes observed on the experimental animals, represented by reluctance to food intake, lethargy, tremor, introversion, fast breathing, change in eye’s color and blackened feces, and the intensity of these symptoms increases with the increment of concentration and administration period.The statistical study results revealed that there was significant decrease at (P<0.05) in the mean numbers of red blood corpuscles, hemoglobin concentration and the percentage of packed cells volume in orally treated groups with (50, 100, 150) mg/kg for (6, 8) weeks of administration in comparison with control group, as for the white blood cells the statistical results for this study showed significant increase (P<0.05) in their mean number in treated groups with concentration (100, 150) mg/kg for (6, 8) weeks of administration compared to the control, whereas the groups treated with concentration of (50) mg/kg showed no significant changes along the administration period.Also all the concentrations showed significant differences (P<0.05) in the mean concentration of urea, creatinine and potassium ion in the blood serum of orally treated mice at the last weeks of administration in comparison with the control group.The statistical results of the present study also revealed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) in the mean diameters of renal glomeruli of the treated groups with concentration (50, 100, 150) mg/kg for eight weeks while there were non - significant differences in other periods, also there was non - significant decrease in the mean diameters of proximal convoluted tubules in the treated groups with concentration of (50, 100, 150) mg/kg in all periods except the period four weeks it showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the mean diameters of proximal convoluted tubules of the groups treated with the concentration (100, 150) mg/kg in comparison with control group. The statistical results also clarified that there were significant differences (P<0.05) in the mean diameters of distal convoluted tubules of the treated groups with concentration (100, 150) mg/kg for six and eight weeks of administration, while the group treated with concentration (50) mg/kg had no significant differences over the whole administration period.The study also recorded the presence of histopathological symptoms in the kidneys of treated mice with the dose (50)mg/kg represented by hemorrhage, vascular congestion, calcium casts formation inside the lumens of renal tubules, while the groups treated with (100)mg/kg of the drug showed a fibrin deposition inside renal tubular lumens, infiltration of inflammatory cells, cytoplasmic vacuolation in the epithelial cells of the renal tubules, and sloughing epithelium of renal tubules, while in the medullary region, there were epithelial cells atrophy in the renal tubules. The histological examination of mice kidneys treated with (150) mg/kg showed the appearance of hyalinization, shrinkage and complete loss of glomeruli, Pyknosis of nucleus and fibrosis around the blood vessels as well as the presence of oedema which occupied a large area of the kidney tissue

تقييم نوعية المياة الصناعية ووحدات المعالجة لمعمل النسيج القطني في الكاظمية == Evaluation of The Industrial Wstewater And Treatment In Al - Kadhimia Cotton Weaving Industry

Author name: اسيل حسين محمد السعداوي

Supervisor name: سهير ازهر الكاظمي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: This study includes two axis, the first one determined the physical and chemical characteristics for several concentrations of industrial wastewater of cotton textile factory, that located in Al - Kadhmiya, which are disposable to the main assembly in the treatment unit (first unit) of the factory ; Also the final water quality was evaluated after the treatment in the fourth unite and compared with normal environmental averages (or compared with acceptable limits for discharged.The second axis of this study assessed the efficiency of the physical and chemical treatments in the third unit, and also the biological treatments in the fourth unit through detecting the removal percentage for each stage of the treatment to evaluated the treatment unit efficiency of this factory. Samples were collected from four treatment units for six month, single sample was collected per two weeks.The (local, field) tests were assessed for the collected samples including (Temperature, PH, DO and EC, while the laboratory tests included TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, oil and grease, So4 - 2 and heavy metals such as Pb, Zn and Cr).The results showed that the temperature values were with (normal range) acceptable limits (22.3C?) in the first unit and (19.8C?) in the fourth unit; PH values also were within normal limits in the almost treatment units (neutral), however, the electrical conductivity average was 3123?c/cm in the first unit, and 1101 ?c/cm in the fourth unit ; Moreover, the average values of COD were 580 mg/L in the first unit and 163 mg/L in the fourth unit. The removal percentage was 41% in the primary sedimentation in thesecond unit while it was 36% in the third unit for biological treatment.The BOD values were 487 and 302 mg /L in the first and fourth unit respectively ; the removal rates were 27% and 29% for primary sedimentation stage and biological treatment respectively and these rates are acceptable for normal limits.In general, the final treatment concentration was 302 mg/L in the fourth unit which is normal environmental rang, and also BOD concentration was not exceeded the environmental limits in the final stage of the treatment while the total percentage dissolved salts were 37% and 22% for the third unit which are normal in comparison to the Iraqi limits after the treatment for the fourth unit (703mg/L). Furthermore, the results of suspended solids found that the removal percentage was 76% for the second unit and 43%for the third unit while the total concentration of the last treatment was 61mg/L which is with normal limits, also the concentration of lipids of oils and grease was 0.8 mg/L for the fourth unit, while the removal percentage was efficient for the primary sedimentation and biological treatment. The heavy metals concentraitions were now with water and the main assembly tank and this was within normal environmental limits.

تحديد القابلية التمنعية لمستضد الفوعة لبكتريا (Vi) Chitosan المحملة على حبيبات Salmonella typhi وذيفان الكزاز في الجرذان == Determination of Immunogenicity For Virulence Antigen of Salmonella Typhi Antigen Conjugated To Chitosan And Tetanus Toxoid In Rats

Author name: رغدة سعد محمد العمري

Supervisor name: زياد متعب الخزاعي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Master

University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

Full text from the source: https://qu.edu.iq/repository/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%B1%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A9.pdf

University location: Qadisiyah

First pages:

Abstract: This study was carried out during the period from October 2013 to September 2014. Salmonella typhi Samples were obtained from the Central Health Laboratory for the purpose of purification capsular polysaccharide antigen (Vi Ag). Capsular polysaccharide antigen was loaded on chitosan nanoparticle and tetanus toxoid. Recorded results showed that the antibody titers in (T1) Vi Ag + chitosan groups(620.8±364.8) were increased significantly than other groups, it included (T2) Vi Ag group (448±117.73), (T3) Vi + Tetanus toxoid group (537.6±142.53) and (T4) Vi Ag+ Ch. +TT group (121.6±38.4) at (P? 0.05).The documented results of total and differential WBCs counts were showed a significant increment in group (T1) (21020 ± 891.85 cell/1ml) compared with the control group (C) (5500 ± 230.94 cell/1ml) and other groups, it included (T3) group (10740 ± 980.61 cell/1ml), (T4) group (10650 ± 1217.78 cell/1ml) and (T2) group (9980 ± 572.18 cell/1ml) at (p? 0.05). on the other hand, the results of differential count showed elevation in percentage of neutrophils in group (T2) (40 ± 1.89%) compared with the control group (C) (33.3333 ± 0.66%) and other group, it included a (T3) group (33.6 ± 0.67%), (T4) group (34 ± 1.37%) and (T1) group (19.4 ± 0.66%) at (p? 0.05). Results also showed an increase in lymphocytes in the group (T1) (79.2 ± 2.7%) compared with the control group (58.3333 ± 1.76%) and other group, it included (T4) group (62 ± 2.06%), (T3) group (61.2 ± 2.72%) and (T2) group (55.8 ± 1.11%) at (p? 0.05).Also The study included determination the level of gene expression of two clusters of differentiation, CD25 and CD29 gene expression by RT - qPCR. The results of relative gene expression in CD25 gene showed in T4 (5.1936±2.17) were increased significantly than other groups, it included T1 (2.5604±0.64), T2 (3.7032±0.54) and T3 (4.4739±1) at (P? 0.05). The results of relative gene expression in CD29 gene which showed T3 (162.3256±89.52), increased significantly than other groups, it included T1 (33.8276±16.6), T2 (59.6817±26.65), and T4 (37.9605±3.09) at (P? 0.05).This findings were supported by the increment activity determined in lymph nodes of spleen & thymus which increased in size and numbers with active germinal centers. The overall results indicated that the use of chitosan nano particles and tetanus toxoid can enhance and improve the immune response against a given vaccines.

دراسة معالجة مياه الفضلات لمصافي بيجي وامكانية استخدامها كمياه لري بعض الخضر == Study of Wastewater Treatment For Baiji Refinery And The Possibility of Using It As Water Some Verdures

Author name: مريم عدنان ابراهيم

Supervisor name: خليل ابراهيم بندر النعيمي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution

Degree: Master

University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Salahaddin

First pages:

Abstract: اجريت الدراسة في قسم علوم الحياة - كلية التربية - جامعة تكريت من شهر تشرين الثاني 2010 الى شهر تموز 2011 ? وكان هدف الدراسة هو معرفة بعض الصفات الفيزياوية والكيمياوية للمياه المطروحة من شركة مصافي الشمال/بيجي وامكانية استخدامها لري بعض المحاصيل الزراعية ب | This study was conducted at the Department of Biology in the College of Education - University of Tikrit. The study aims at estimating some physical and chemical characteristics of water raised from the North Refineries Company / Baiji and can be used to irrigate some crops after treatment with a number of physical methods. It also aimed at estimating some heavy elements and their impact on the growth of plants that have been studied (tomato, eggplant, sweet pepper, hot pepper). The region from which samples have been brought of the area was Albu Juwaree village that is located in the city of Baiji and adjacent to the company. Besides, it occurs near wide agricultural areas. After estimating some physical and chemical characteristics of water, soil, and the proportion of oil waste, qualities of plants were studied as well as the assessment of (carbohydrates, proteins) and some of the heavy elements and their effects on the growth of those plants.The results showed that the water of industrial waste led to a reduction in the proportion and natural growth of plants. The most affected seeds were the seeds of sweet pepper, where the total percentage of germination was(0%) when infected %)100) and the least affected seeds were the seeds of tomato, where the total percentage of germination seeds was (80%) when water is contaminated (100%). The treatment by filtering has achieved the best germination of seeds of tomato and sweet pepper, where the ratio was (100%). It turned out that contaminated water has prevented the natural growth of those plants in respect to the number and the size of leaves, the length of roots and the weight of fresh and dry leaves. The methods of physical treatment showed that lightening (25%, 50%, 75%) made to the contaminated water led to the removal of the significant effects, especially when lightening was (75%).The results indicate that there is no significant differences in the lengths of the roots of tomatoes and eggplants, except for the root of hot and sweet pepper.While the heavy elements, which was part of the study in this research, beginning with cadmium was at its highest value at the treatment by filtering and less value in (100%). Through the study it was found that the percentage of lead in all studied plants were (0.00) ppm. The Results showed that the contaminated water led to the reduction of the proportion of carbohydrates with the increase of pollution(%100), where the least proportion of carbohydrates was at the treatment by filtering. The results also showed a decrease in protein concentration with the least proportion at lightening and less value in. (25%)The results showed that the water content of contaminated industrial heavy metals studied (cadmium - lead - copper - zinc - nickel) has decreased at all treatment when treated by filtering, as well as for the remaining elements, except lead, which was (0.00) in all plants and all lightening ratios.The results of this study show that treatment of contaminated water with industrial oil waste by physical methods led to minimizing the negative impacts of such water in reducing the percentage of germination and the reduction below the natural growth compared with non - treatment water and showed that the best way of treatment for the best growth of plants were lightening with (75%) and treatment by filtering. The best response to the treatment was tomato and the most resistant to pollution were (tomato and eggplant) and the most affected by contamination and least resistant was sweet pepper.

دراسة لتشخيص بكتريا الملوية البوابية Helicobacter pylori المعزولة من الخزع النسيجية والغائط == Study For Diagnosis Helicopacter Pylori Isolated From Biopsy And Stool

Author name: ابرار علي حسين

Supervisor name: هيام عبد الرضا كريم العواد | ياسمين خضير الغانمي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology - Bacteria

Degree: Master

University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Karbala

First pages:

Abstract: تناولت الدراسة الحالية عزل وتشخيص بكتريا (Helicobacter pylori) من الخزع النسيجية وعينات البرازالماخوذة من المرضى المراجعين مستشفى الحسين التعليمي حيث جمعت 122 عينة من الخزع النسيجية من وحدة الناظور من 61 مريض بواقع عينتين للمريض الواحد, كما تم جمع 228 عين | The present study addressed isolate and diagnose the bacteria (Helicobacter pylori) from biopsy and stool, samples taken from AL - Hussein Teaching Hospital where collected 122 samples of biopsy from the endoscopy. From 61 patients by two samples per patient, also were collected 228 samples of stool from the laboratory of the Department of parasites by two samples of 114 patients for the period from January 2014 to January 2015. Where shown on biopsy results which were subject to examination by the rapid urease test (RUT) the presence of 60 (98.4%) cases, while there were 23 (37.7%) case of those bacteria being positive related to biopsy was not significant differences between the two tests performed. When the distribution of test results (RUT) and culture according to age group, it appear that the highest percentage of infection was in 50 - 41 age group that which showed the highest percentage on examination (RUT) of the number of infected at 16 (26.23%) cases, either in the culture technique number of infected at 9 (14.75%) cases. But when the results of each of the examination (RUT) and culture were distribution according to the sex of the patient's infection was the higher in the females than males reaching males 28 (45.90%) cases in females of 32 (52.46%) cases for examination (RUT). No significant differences appear between the sexes in terms of infected. While the males in 8 (13.11%) and in the case of females was 15 (24.59%) case for the culture technique it did not show significant differences between the sexes in terms of the patients. While taking stool samples to check the stool antigens, it was found that there are 76 (66.7%) cases diagnosed while the technology for the polymerase chain reaction gene cagA to 49 (43%) cases have significant differences between the tests performed. When distribution the results of each of the stool antigens and polymerase chain reaction technique by age group category the highest infected was in 46 - 55 the age group with the number of 23 (20.18%) people case for screening stool antigens. The test results of the technology polymerase chain reaction showed that highest rate of infection was in the 35 - 26 age group where the number of patients was at 15 (13.16%) case.The results of the stool antigens examination also showed that the infection rate among males was higher than females, 39 males (34.21%) and in the case of females has reached the number of 37 cases (32.46%) casesThat did not show significant differences between the sexes patient. The technical results of the polymerase chain reaction by sex has been the injury was higher in females than males reaching 22 in males (19.30%) cases, while in females was 27 (23.68%) cases did not show significant differences between the sexes in terms of the infected. The results of the study conclude that (RUT) and stool antigen test is the fastest in the detection of infection from the bacteria H. pylori and then comes beyond culture technique for biopsy sample and then polymerase chain reaction for stool samples

التحري عن طفرة JAK2V617F والمستويات المصلية لانزيمي الفوسفتيز القلوي واللاكتيت ديهايدروجنيز في مرضى ابيضاض الدم النخاعي المزمن == Detection of Jak2V617F Mutation And Serum Levels of Alkaline Phosphatase And Lactate Dehydrogenase In Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Author name: استبرق اكرم بيرام الحسيني

Supervisor name: عصام فاضل علوان الجمیلي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Biotechnologies

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Institute Of Genetic Engineering And Biotechnology - Department Of Biotechnology

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: يعد مرض ابيضاض الدم النخاعي المزمن (CML) من الاورام النخاعية التكاثرية، وينشا نتيجة تكون جين Bcr - Abl (الذي يسمى كروموسوم فيلادلفيا) داخل الخلايا الجذعية المكونة للدم. يؤدي هذا الشذوذ الجيني الى تفعيل متواصل لانزيم التايروسين كاينيز وبالتالي نمو وتكاثر غ | Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm arises from Bcr - Abl gene translocation (called Ph chromosome) in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). This genetic abnormality results in constitutive activation of tyrosine kinase and subsequent uncontrol growth and multiplication of granulocytes. The cornerstone in treatment of CML are tyrosine kinase inhibitors, of which imatinib is the most effectively used. JAK2V617F mutation is an acquired single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) occurs in JAK2 gene and is associated with many hematological malignancy other than CML. It was thought that the two genetic abnormalities (Bcr - Abl and JAK2V617F) occur mutually; however, growing body of evidences suggested the reverse. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of JAK2V617F mutation associated with serum levels of alkaline phophatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in Ph+ CML Iraqi patients treated with imatinib. A total of 43 Ph+ CML patients (25 males and 18 females, age range 16 - 80 years) who attend Iraqi National Center of Hematology for Research and Treatment/Baghdad were enrolled in this study. Each patient has been received at least six month therapy with imatinib. A consent form involving age, gender, height, weight, smoking status, residency and first family relative history of leukemia was obtained from each patient. Besides, blood samples were collected, from which the granulocytes were separated and then DNA was extracted using a ready kit. Two assays were used for detection of JAK2V617F mutation; real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using specific primers and probe, and allele specific PCR (AS - PCR) using specific primers. Total white blood corpuscles (WBC) as well as serum levels of ALP and LDH were measured. qPCR assay revealed 5 patients out of 43 (11.62%) were heterozygous for the muatant allele of JAK2V617F mutation (genotype GT). The concentration of this allele ranged from 0.01% to 0.12%. None of blood sample gave positive result for AS - PCR assay. From the all risk factors, only gender had significant association with the incidence of JAK2V617F mutation. Average total WBC count, and serum levels of ALP and LDH were higher in JAK2V617F - positive patients (9042±1512.55, 146.05±8.028 IU/L and 204±10.85 IU/L respectively) than that of JAK2V617F - negative patients (6039±1772.239, 64.45±40.15 IU/L and 178.33±13.693 IU/L respectively) with significant differences. These results indicate that JAK2V617F mutation can occur simultaneously with Ph chromosome in CML patients, and qPCR is a highly sensitive method for the detection of this mutation. Furthermore, serum activity of ALP can be used as an indicator for the presence of JAK2V617F mutation in CML patients.

عزل وتشخيص بكتريا Streptomyces المنتجة للمضادات الميكروبية من ترب بعض اقضية محافظة صلاح الدين == Isolation And Identification of Antimicrobial Producing “Streptomyces” From Soils of Some Districts In Salahaddin Province

Author name: هيام عزيز عباس البدري

Supervisor name: عبد الكريم فتاح عمر

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology - Bacteria

Degree: Master

University: Tikrit University - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Salahaddin

First pages:

Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة عزل وتشخيص انواع تابعة للجنس Streptomyces، اذ جمعت 50 عينة من ترب اقضية تابعة لمحافظة صلاح الدين. شخصت?11 نوع من بكتريا Streptomyces باستخدام الاختبارات الشكلية والمزرعية والكيموحيوية حيث ظهر كل من الانواع (Streptomyces antibioticus, Strep | The Study involved ; isolation and characterization of species related to Streptomyces. Fifty samples of soil has been taken from different districts of Salah aldden province. The isolates were identified by the morphological, biochemical tests and classified to nine species, The following species were found : (Streptomyces antibioticus, Streptomyces coelicolor , Streptomyces distalicus and Streptomyces fluvissimus ) in Tikrit district, ( Streptomyces cyaneus ) in Ballad and beiji districs, ( Streptomyces exofolicus) in Ballad and Aldor districts (Streptomyces lavendulea ) in Samarra and Aldor districts , (Streptomyces purpureus ) in Samarra and Beiji districts and (Streptomyces violaceus ) in Samarra and Tikrit districts. The sensitivity of these bacterial isolates were tested toward the following : (Azithromycin, Cefotaxime, Cephatexin, Doxycycline, Erythromycin , Gentamicin, Neomycin, Penicillin, Tobramycin and Vancomycin).All species showed high resistance to cefotaxime. But all species were sensitive to neomycin and doxycycline. The isolated species of Streptomyces were tested for their ability of antibiotic production. It was found that (Klebsiella) was sensitive to all the species except species Streptomyces coelicolor. Streptomyces coelicolor showed an effect against Proteus. While Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to the following species (Streptomyces antibioticus, Streptomyces cyaneus and Streptomyces purpureus). The Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to study the surface of spores. The species of (Streptomyces antibioticus) was found to has warty surface while spores of ( Streptomyces coelicolor) has smooth surface.

دراسة بعض المتغيرات الفسلجية وتركيز البروستاكلاندينات عند مرضى الربو

Author name: سيماء عبد الرحمن شعبان

Supervisor name: زيد محمد مبارك المهداوي | صالح محمد رحيم العبيدي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology

Degree: Master

University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Salahaddin

First pages: