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التحري الجزيئي والوبائي لطفيلي المتحولة Entamoeba Spp. في الاطفال المصابين بالاسهال في محافظة ذي قار == Molecular and Epidemiological investigation of the Parasite Entamoeba Spp. In children with diarrhea in Thi Qar Province

اسم المؤلف: منار كريم كاظم السعيدي
اسم المشرف: فاضل عباس منشد العبادي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: شملت الدراسة الحالية فحص 3909 عينة غائط للاطفال دون سن 12 سنة الذين يعانون من الاسهال ويشكون من الام بطنية والمراجعين لمستشفى بنت الهدى التعليمي ومستشفى الشهيد محمد الموسوي والمراكز الصحية والعيادات الخارجية في محافظة ذي قار خلال المدة من شهر تشرين الاول 2015 لغاية شهر ايلول 2016 تضمنت الدراسة ثلاثة محاور رئيسة . المحور الاول هو تشخيص جنس المتحولة مجهريا باستعمال المسحة المباشرة الرطبة وطريقة التركيز وذلك للكشف عن الاطوار المتغذية والمتكيسه للطفيلي واظهرت اصابة كلية بجنس المتحولة Entamoeba spp. بنسبة 26.86% واختيرت 80 عينة من العينات الموجبة مجهريا لتاكيد التشخيص باستعمال الفحص الجزيئي PCR بواسطة الجين 18S rRNAفسجلت الدراسة اصابة كلية بطفيلي المتحولة بنسبة 35% ، اظهرت نتائج الفحص باستعمال طريقة Nested PCR لتمييز الانواع (Species Specific) اصابة بطفيلي المتحولة الحالة للنسج Entamoeba histolytica بنسبة 39.29% وبطفيلي المتحولة المتغايرة Entamoeba dispar بنسبة 39.29% . فحصت العينات الموجبة (28) للPCR باستعمال Real - Time PCR وبوجود المجسان Probes المجس Histolytica - 96 T الخاص بالمتحولة الحالة للنسج والمجس Dispar - 96 T الخاص بالمتحولة المتغايرة وذلك لتاكيد التشخيص وتمايز الانواع فثبت وجود المتحولة الحالة للنسج باعلى نسبة 53.57% والمتحولة المتغايرة بنسبة 39.29% والانواع الاخرى لجنس المتحولة بنسبة 7.14% وبفارق معنوي بين الطريقتين الجزيئيتين مع وجود تاثير معنوي لنوع الطفيلي في احداث الاصابة . اظهرت الدراسة اصابة مفرد لطفيلي E. histolytica بنسبة 45.50% ولطفيلي E.dispar بنسبة 27.20% فيما سجلت اصابة مختلطة بنسبة 27.30% كما وسجلت وجود كريات الدم الحمر في 80% من العينات الموجبة لوجود E. histolytica وبنسبة 54.55% من العينات الموجبة لوجود E.dispar . تضمن المحور الثاني دراسة انتشار الاصابة بجنس المتحولة من خلال دراسة علاقة الاصابة مع بعض العوامل الوبائية ، منها فصول السنة التي اظهرت وجود فروق معنوية P≤0.05 فكان فصل الصيف اعلى الفصول من حيث نسبة الاصابة 37.06% وادناها في فصل الشتاء بلغت 14.14% ، كذلك لم تبين النتائج وجود فروق معنوية للاصابة فيما يخص الفئات العمرية فكانت النسب اعلاها بين الاطفال دون (3) سنوات فبلغت 30.50% ادناها بين الاطفال في الفئة الاعلى من (10) سنوات بلغت 17.13% ، لم تسجل الدراسة اية فروق معنوية في نسبة الاصابة بالطفيلي بحسب الجنس فسجلت نسبة 26.87% و26.85% للاناث والذكور على التوالي، في حين اظهرت الدراسة وجود فروق معنوية ملحوظة فيما يخص المستوى المعاشي فكانت نسبة الاصابة لدى الاطفال الذين ينتمون للعائلات ذات الدخل المحدود هي الاعلى 37.98% واقلها للذين ينتمون للعائلات ذات الدخل فوق الجيد وبلغت 10.11% كما سجلت النتائج وجود فروق معنوية في نسب الاصابة حسب المستوى التعليمي للابوين فكانت نسبة الاصابة عالية لدى الاطفال الذين المستوى العلمي لذويهم دون الابتدائية مقارنة بذوي الاطفال من حملة الشهادات الجامعية وبلغت النسب 36.85% و8.55% على التوالي فيما يخص عدد افراد العائلة كانت نسبة الاصابة عالية وبفارق معنوي لدى الاطفال الذين ينتمون لعائلات تتكون اكثر من (10) افراد واقلها للذين ينتمون لعائلات التي يبلغ عددها (5 - 3) افراد بنسب بلغت 36.95% و8.54% على التوالي . تضمن المحور الثالث دراسة بعض المعايير الدمية ومعرفة التغير في نسبة هذه المعايير لدى الاطفال المصابين بالطفيلي عند مقارنتها بالمعايير الدمية للاطفال الاصحاء وتم ذلك باستعمال جهاز Coulter Counter . جمعت 150 عينة دم من الاطفال المصابين بطفيلي المتحولة و50 عينة دم من الاطفال الذين يمثلون مجموعة السيطرة الاصحاء وتبين وجود فروق معنوية واضحة في نسبة خضاب الدم 10.16%وحجم كريات الدم الحمر المضغوط 34.7% حيث لوحظ انخفاضهما في مجموعة المصابين مقارنة بالقيم في مجموعة السيطرة التي بلغت 12.34 و39.10 على التوالي. سجلت نتائج العد الكلي لخلايا الدم البيض وجود ارتفاع معنوي في الاطفال المصابين مقارنة بمجموعة الاطفال الاصحاء وبلغت 11.3، 8.37 على التوالي وفيما يخص العد التفريقي لها فقد بينت النتائج وجود ازدياد بفارق معنوي في عدد الخلايا العدلة 6.92 و4.03 والخلايا الحمضة 0.61 و0.17 والخلايا الوحيدة 1.19 و0.93 على التوالي ولوحظ كذلك وجود انخفاضا معنويا في عد الخلايا اللمفاوية في الاطفال المصابين مقارنة بقيمتها لدى اطفال مجموعة السيطرة التي بلغت 2.19 و2.76 على التوالي | The current study included examination of 3909 stool samples from under 12 years old children who visited Bint Al - Huda hospital, Martyr Mohammad Al - Mosawi hospital, medical centres and outpatient clinics in Thiqar governorate during the period from October 2015 until September 2016. All those individuals were suffering from diarrhea and abdominal pain. This study included the microscopic identification of Entamoeba Spp. using direct wet amount and concentration techniques in order to diagnose both Trophozoite and cyst stages of the parasite. The result revealed that 1050 (26.86%) of the collected samples were infected with Entamoeba Spp. Out of these infected samples, 80 were randomly selected for further confirmation by conventional PCR and 18S rRNA. Using this method, 28 (35%) was recorded to have Entamoeba Spp. Positive samples from conventional PCR were further examined by Nested PCR for species specific identification. The result of this method showed the presence of two species, E. histolytica (39.29%) and E. dispar (39.29%).Positive samples for molecular examination (28) were then examined by Real time PCR in order to verify and confirm the molecular results. Two probes were used, Histolytica - 96 Tfor E. histolytica and Dispar - 96 T for E. dispar. A significant difference was observed between two methods. E. histolytica was found to be higher percentage followed by E. dispar and then Entamoeba Spp., 53.57%, 39.29% and 7.14% respectively. The Real time PCR reported mono - infection with E. histolytica in 45.5% and with E. dispar in 27.2%, whereas reported mixed infections by both parasites in 27.3%. Red blood cells (RBCs) were detected in 80% E. histolytica positive samples and in 54.55% E. dispar positive ones.The environmental factors and their correlation with Entamoeba Spp. prevalence were also included in this study. The infection prevalence based on the seasonal variation showed significant differences P≤ 0.05. Summer recorded the highest infection prevalence whereas the lowest was in the winter, 37.06% and 14.14% respectively. Regarding the infection in age groups, the highest percentage (30.5%) was recorded in under 3 years old group and the lowest (17.13%) was found in above 10 years old one. However, no significant difference P≤ 0.05 was observed between these age groups. Furthermore, no significant differences were recorded betweenpatient’s sex. Entamoeba Spp. infection (37.98%) appeared to be higher in children who belong to families with low standard of living compared to those who are from families that earning a higher income (10.11%). A Similar pattern was found in Entamoeba Spp. prevalence based on the number of the patient’s family members. Higher prevalence and significant difference were reported (39.95%) in patients who belong high family member (above 10), compared to those from 3 - 5family member (8.54%).One hundred and fifty blood samples from infected children with Entamoeba Spp. and fifty samples from healthy children as a control were collected during the present study in order to observe the change in blood picture and parameters between two groups. Significant differences were reported in blood hemoglobin (10.16%) and volume of packed RBCs (34.7%) in the infected group compared to 12.34% and 39.10% in the control group. Total leukocyte count was found to be significantly higher in the infected group (11.3) compared to the individuals in the control group (3.37). Differential leukocyte count also showed significant differences in Neutrophils (6.92%, 4.03), eosinophils (0.61, 0.17), monocytes (1.19,0.93) and lymphocytes (2.19, 2.76) in infected and control groups respectively.

تاثير الاصابة التجريبية بطفيلي المقوسة الكوندية Toxoplasma gondii وبعض الادوية على خصوبة الجرذان المختبرية Rattus norvegicus == Effect of experimental Toxoplasma gondii infection and some drugs on fertility rats Rattus norvegicus

اسم المؤلف: زهراء سعدون هادي الغزي
اسم المشرف: فاضل عباس منشد العبادي | علي اسماعيل عبيد السنافي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2016
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study included 3 stages. In the first stage, Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from aborted women placenta who visited Bent Al - Huda hospital and Al - Shatra hospital after confirmation of the prescence of parasite by impression smear method. Then parasite uspension injected 0.3 ml which contain 100 cyst intraperitoneally (174 rat) to 87 male and 87 female rats, inaddition to control group 30 rat (15 male and 15 female). After 10 days of injection, diagnosed the acute infection by Real - Time Poplymerase Chain Reaction(Real - Time PCR) and showed 97.70% (170 infected rat and 4 noninfected rat) , in male 96.55% (84 infected rat and 3 noninfected) ,in female 98.85% (86 infected rat and 1 noninfected) . After 2months of infection 84 animals (42 males and 42 females)were sacrificed, dissected (brain, testis and ovary ) were isolated to confirm the occurance of chronic infection with the using Real - Time PCR. The incidence of infection was 100% in brain males and ovary females and recorded 71.43% in testis and 90.48% in brain females. So diagnosed infection by impression smear method, identified the amount of DNA of the parasite T. gondii by using Real - Time PCR. The use of the remaining number of animals within the following experiments.The second stage included effect of experimental Toxoplasmosis infection and some drugs on fertility 168 rat (84 male and 84 female). Animals were subdivided into 6 groups for each group included 14 rat : (First group) non infected treated by DMSO, (Second roup) non infected treated by Sulfadiazine, (Third group) non infected treated by Pyrimethamine, (Fourth group) infected treated by DMSO, (Fifth group) infected treated by Sulfadiazine and (Sixth group) infected treated by Pyrimethamine.The current study results revealed prominent effect of T. gondii infection on the hormonal level in both males and females. T. gondii infection induced significant decline in Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Testosterone levels in nfected male compared with non infected males treated by DMSO. Sulf. and Pyr. treatment significantly elevated the level of these hormones (P <0.01) in infected males compared with fourth group similar to levels its in first group. Toxoplasmosis in female rats significantly decrease FSH, LH, Estrogen and Progesterone levels in compared with first group, while treating of infected females with Sulf. and Pyr. didn,t improve the declined levels of these hormones in infected and noninfected females comparedwith fourth and first group, respectively.The study showed that Toxoplasmosis in male rats induced significant decline in the sperm count in the epididymal cauda, sperm viability and relative weights of male sexual organs with an increase in sperm malformation ratio in infected male compared with first group. Treatment with Sulf. and Pyr. in infected male significanthy elevated the sperm count and viability (P<0.05), compared with fourth group. Sulf. didn,t induced further significant changes, but Pyr. induced further significant increase in sperm malformation ratio in infected (P< 0.01) and non infected (P<0.05) rats. The study also revealed that Toxoplasmosis significantly decrease the relative weight of ovary and uterus compared with first group, while treatment with Sulf. and Pyr. increased the declined relative weight of the ovary and uterus in the infected females.Testicular histological section of Toxoplasmosis infected male rats treatment with DMSO showed vacular degeneration of spermatogonia and spermatocytes. The seminiferous tubules revealed sever degeneration, shrinkal, necrosis, hemorrhage. Seminiferous tubules lumen contained little amount of sperm with appearance of gaint cell, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and exfoliated cellular debris. Metamorphosis and disintegration of the tissue between the seminiferous tubules was also observed compared to the first group that showed complex histologically intact while testes sections of infected rats treatment Pyr. and Sulf. showed improvement by removing histocompatibility damage caused by the parasite infection.The epididymal sections of T. gondii infected rats treatment with DMSO showed infiltration of mononuclear and multinucleated gaint cell. Sections also showed hyperplasia of duct lining and contained tissue cyst of T. gondii. All these changes were improved in infected males treated by Sulf. and Pyr. Ovary sections of the infected females treatment with DMSO compared with first group revealed decreased primary and secondary follicle increased follicle atresia. Histological sections of ovary females showed in the fifth and sixth group to increase the number of primary and secondary follicles and decreased number of follicle atresia compared overian sections for the fourth group. Uterine sections of the infected females treatment with DMSO showed hypertrophy, increase endometrial thickness and myometerium, increase polymorphonuclear cell infiltration, fewer glands and congestion of blood vessels compared with first group. Histological sections for ovary females of the fifth and sixth group showed changes but less severe than is present in the fourth group.In third stage from studying Toxoplasmosis on fertility parameters of male and female rats, 84 rat(42 male and 42 female) which showed the results of the current study, when paired fertilized healthy females by males is infected and infected of T.gondii treatment with Sulf. , Pyr. and DMSO, and inversion, there is the effect of the parasite and used drugs the percentage of getting pregnant and pregnancy size and rate of embryos weight and placental weight and increase the proportion of fetal resorption and the proportion of early loss of embryos in fertilized healthy females by males five groups compared to the first group.Based on that conclude from the study that the infection of parasite T. gondii had negative effects on the fertility of male and female, and that all of thePyr. and Sulf. were not honest is the other of the impact on reproductive functions.

دراسة جزيئية ومناعية لالتهاب الكبد الفيروسي نمط جـ لمرضى الثلاسيميا في محافظة النجف الاشرف - العراق == Molecular and immunological study for Hepatitis C virus in Thalassemia patients in AL - Najaf AL - Ashraf / Iraq

اسم المؤلف: ناديه حبيب سرحان الشيباني
اسم المشرف: موسى نعمة مزهر | جميل جري يوسف
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study was conducted to detect the infection percentage of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in the samples of thalassemic patients in AL - Najaf Governorate.About 130 suspected cases attending AL - Zahra'a hospital for children and delivery in Al - Najaf city during period from 1st of November (2014) to 28thof April (2015).Only 69 samples were carried out in this study .The practical side for this study followes three main paths : 1 - The Molecular identification of the presence of Ribonuclic acid of Hepatitis C virus in Thalassemic patients by using RT - PCR.2 - Using the Enzyme Linkedimmunosorbant assay (ELISA - III)technique to determinate immunological markers anti - HCV IgG and interleukine - 28B (IL - 28B).3 - Using theCYANHemato devicefor the purpose of counting blood cells which is called Coulter - Method to give a Complete blood count(CBC).The overall results obtained in this study were as follows : - Out of 69 samples,25(36%) samples of thalassemic patients were infected with Hepatitis C virus, 16 male and 9 female ,their age range from (4 - 43) years ,while 44(64%) samplesof thalassemic patients were withoutHepatitis C virus infection , 22 male and 22 female, their age range from (3 - 35) years . - The result showed that 25samples seropositive to anti - HCV IgG in all age groups where the age group (10 - 20) years old has thehighest percentage among other age groups. - The result of the examination of HCV - RNA Eleven of (25) HCV seropositive patients were positive to RT - PCR technique. - The result of this study showed that level of Interleukin - 28Bin thalassemic patients with HCV was high (mean or significant) (12733.33) pg/ml as compared with thalassemic patients without HCV (270.0463) pg/ml and control(12.1267)pg/ml. - The result also has revealed that the hematological parameters of white blood cells (WBCs),monocytespercentage (MON) and lymphocytes percentage (LYM) significantly have increased (P<0.05) in Hepatitis C patients compared to those of control group. - Granulocytes(GRA) showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in percentage in Hepatitis C patients compared to those of control groups.

دراســـــة بعض المعايـــــير الجزيئيـــــة والمناعيـــــة لبكتيريا Staphylococcus aureus المقاومة للمثيسيلين والمعزولة محليا من الاصابات الجلدية المكتسبة مجتمعيا

اسم المؤلف: هدى سعد عزاوي
اسم المشرف: سلمان عزيز | سميرة كاظم
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحياة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • المكورات العنقودية الذهبية
  • الخراج ونضح الجروح
  • الاصابات الجلدية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعد البكتيريا العنقودية الذهبية المقاومة للمثيسيلين المكتسبة مجتمعيا من الكائنات المجهرية المرضية التي تسبب طيفا واسعا من الاصابات في مختلف بقاع العالم في اماكن مختلفة من جسم الانسان اذ اقترنت امراضيتها مع اصابات الجلد والانسجة الرخوة . تهدف هذه الدراسة الى التعرف على مدى انتشار هذه البكتيريا في حالات اصابة انسجة الجلد المختلفة ,واجراء تقييم جزيئي لهذه البكتيريا المعزولة من حالات مرضية مختلفة , وتقييم مستوى بعض الحركيات الخلوية في مصول المرضى . وقد اشتملت على 169 عينة اخذت من المرضى المصابين بالتهابات الجلد المختلفة كـ الدمامل والخراج الجلدي والجروح والقدم المصابة بالقرحة لدى مرضى السكري وعدوى الحروق والحصف (القوباء) واخذت من المرضى الذين يراجعون العيادات الخارجية , والمراكز الصحية , وكذلك العيادات الخاصة, لمدة امتدت اكثر من خمسة اشهر , وللفترة من تشرين الاول 2014 م وحتى اذار2015 م. تضمنت الدراسة الحالية اخذ مسحات من الجلد المصاب بالالتهابات المرضية المختلفة وعينات دم ,من بين 169 عينة ,76 عزلة فقط اثبتت عائديتها الى جنس المكورات العنقودية الذهبية وبنسبة 45% من العزلات الماخوذة من حالات مختلفة لاصابة الجلد , وكان معدل العزل العام للعنقوديات الذهبية من القدم المصابة بالقرح لدى مرضى السكري 5 عزلات بنسبة 33% نسبة العزلات المقاومة للمثيسيلين 20% (عزلة واحدة ),اما المصابين بخراج الجلد والدمامل والقوباء الجلدي فكان معدل عزلها كالاتي (69)18 %,(55)21% , (31)9%,نسبة العزلات المقاومة للمثيسيلين (55.6)10% , (61.9)13%, (11.11)1% على التوالي . ان معدل عزل هذه البكتيريا من عدوى الجروح والحروق فكانت كالاتي (32)11%, (44)12% نسبة العزلات المقاومة للمثيسيلين منها (72.7)8%% (16.6)2, على التوالي . ان العزلات البكتيرية من المكورات العنقودية الذهبية المكتسبة مجتمعيا مقاومة لجميع مضادات البيتالاكتام وغير مقاومة للمضادات الحيوية التي لا تنتمي الى هذه المجموعة. اجري الكشف الوراثي باستعمال تقنية سلسلة تفاعلات البلمرة polymerase chain reaction اذ شخصت العزلات الخمسة والثلاثين باستعمال 3 جينات وهم mec Agene وهو الجين الخاص بالمقاومة للمثيسيلين , وكان عدد العزلات الحاملة لهذا الجين 22 عزلة من اصل 35 عزلة وبنسبة 62% . واخضعت العزلات المقاومة للمثيسيلين الى عملية تعريف للقطعة الكروموسومية النوع الرابعSCCmec IV اذ يعد هذا النوع سمة تفريقية للعزلات البكتيرية من المكورات العنقودية الذهبية المقاومة للمثيسيلين والمكتسبة في المجتمع ، اذ وجدت بنسبة 100 % . كذلك تم التحري عن امكانية تواجد مورثة الذيفان الخارجي Panton Valatine leukocidine ( pvl ) باستعمال تقنية تفاعلات البلمرة PCR اذ شخص في 19 عزلة بكتيرية بنسبة 54% ، اقترن وجود السم بالاخص مع حالات الاصابة بالدمامل والخراج والجروح . اجريت الفحوصات المناعية عند المصابين بالتهاب انسجة الجلد , وذلك من خلال تقييم مستوى بعض الحركيات الخلوية مثل IL - 8 وLTB - 4 باستعمال طريقة الممتز المناعي المرتبط بالانزيم Enzyme linked Immune Sorbant assay وقد لوحظ زيادة معنوية في تراكيزها في مصول المرضى مقارنة بعامل السيطرة . | Community acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is one of the pathogenic micro - organism that cause a wide spectrum of infections in different sites of the human body where their pathogenicity is related to skin and soft tissue infection. This study is aimed to explore the role of this bacteria in different cases of skin infections.The genetic structure of these isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus was also one of this study targets to evaluate immunological response by measurement of concentration of some cytokines as indicator of immune response. One hundred sixty nine patients with different cases of skin infection were enrolled in this study by taking one skin swab from each patient with different skin infection as Furuncle, boil, wound infection, impetigo and burns infection. All these cases were taken from out - patient clinics and private clinic along 5 months period from October 2014 to march 2015 in AL - Najaf Province , From the 169 swab samples only 76 swabs were shown to be positive Staphylococcus aureus with percent 45%.The percent of isolates of S. aureus from different cases of skin infection (5) isolates from diabetic foot with 20% of them are Methicillin resistant (one isolate) and skin abscess, boil, and impetigo were 18(69%),21(55%),9(31%)from which methicillin resistant were 10(55.6%), 13(61%) and 1(11.11%) respectively Percent of isolates from wound &burns infection were 11(32%) and 12(44%) and methicillin resistant isolates were 8 (72.7%) and 2(16.6%) respectively . The process of diagnosis of methicillin - resistant isolates was performed by using sensitivity test for cifoxitin following (CLSI,2014) instruction . Only 35 isolate showed resistant to methicillin when Cefoxitin disk was used then antibiotic sensitive test for other antibiotic disks done., Isolates of CA - MRSA showed resistant to all β - Lactam antibiotics and also to other drugs that are not belonged to this type of antibiotics. Genetic study was evaluated by using PCR technique to diagnosis the following genes in 35 isolates : mecA gene : which is considered responsible for methicillin resistant ,it was found that only 22 from 35 isolates (62%)carrying the gene. SCCmec IV gene which restricted only to Community acquired isolates of Staphylococci were explored in the isolates which considered a diagnostic character for Community acquired Staphylococci and this gene was found in 100% of isolates . Exotoxin panton - valatine toxin also diagnosed in 19 isolates with percent 54% in isolates of S. aureus using PCR technique. This exotoxin was produced in cases of Furuncle, skin abscess, and wound infection . Immunological test was introduced in this study to evaluate the innate immune response by measuring the concentration of Cytokines IL - 8&LTB4 which showed significant elevation in their concentration in comparison with healthy persons.

دراسة لاعتلال الاعصاب المحيطية عند مرضى الداء السكري من النوع الثاني == Study of peripheral neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus type II

اسم المؤلف: اسراء ماجد نعمة عبيد العيكاشي
اسم المشرف: سحر محمود جواد الجمالي | عمار جبار حمد الشمري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most chronic diseases that is widely spread all over the world and affects all age groups. The disease has a vast potential to affect almost every body organ, especially the peripheral nerves, which causes high mortality rates from disease complications. These complications cause damage in the organs of the body including the nerves located in the limbs that generate an intense heat resulting from the destruction of nerve fibers in addition to the acute pain resulting from the effect of diabetes in those nerves. This study was designed to determine the sensitivity of those nerves by displaying the results of nerve conduction study for patients and compared it with their clinical examination to determine the severity of numbness and assess the level of pain in the upper and lower limbs.The study was conducted at the Diabetes and Endocrinology Center in Al - Sader Medical City in Al - Najaf governorate and it included following up the case of (78) patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy by nerve conduction study. The study was began from 5/9/2014 until 7/4/2015. It included diabetic men and women, and they were divided into three age groups (35 - 68), and the study excluded the patients with peripheral neuropathy but have foot ulceration because the nerve connect system (SUDOSCAN REPORT ) was used in the current study, cannot perform nerve conduction study for patients with foot ulceration also smoking and the patients who taking treatment for diabetic peripheral neuropathy .During this study the clinical examination for patients was conducted and compared it with the nerve conduction study of them , also recording the information were related with the history of patients ,as while asmeasuring the concentrations of urea and creatinine in serum, in addition the study was recognized the effect of diabetes mellitus on the kidneys by estimating the ratio of albumin to creatinine in the urine, or named (ACR). the study compared the glycosylated hemoglobin levels and body mass index with the nerve conduction study results for all patients.The present study has shown a statistical significant difference (P <0.05) between the clinical tests of the patients who were tested by tuning fork as while as nerves test needle test and between nerve conduction study for both sexes also at all age groups included in the study. The results of the study did not show any a statistical significant (P>0.05). difference when compared the results of nerve conduction study among the different age groups for males. For females however, there was a statistical significant difference (P<0.05) amongst the different age groups.The results of the current study did not show a statistical significant difference (P>0.05) as regards the duration of injury for males, while it revealed a statistical significant difference among females (P <0.05), the results of the current study also observed the presence of a statistical significant increase (P<0.05) in the ratio of albumin to creatinine in patients with diabetic peripheral nervous for males and females.When compared the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels over the past three months, there are no a statistical significant differences (P>0.05) for males and females ,while the study revealed no a statistical significant increase (P> 0.05) in the concentrations of urea in males when compared to their nerve conduction study results, as well as theconcentrations of creatinine which did not show a statistical significant difference( P> 0.05) at them.The study was also revealed the presence of a statistical significant difference (P<0.05) in the concentrations of urea in females with diabetic peripheral neuropathic and did not show a statistical significant difference (P> 0.05) in the concentration of creatinine at them. The results of the current study did not show a statistical significant difference (P>0.05) between the body mass index among males and it showed a statistical significant difference among females (P <0.05)with peripheral diabetic neuropathy.The study reached that diabetes, with long periods of infection, has a crucial role in showing and the advancement of the disease for most of the patients, particularly those who lack the suitable amount of control over the percentage of the Glucose in the blood. The study also deducted that the disease is accompanied with kidney failure for most of the studied patients. It was also revealed that the nominees of some of the patients which appeared during their examination via tuning fork as while as nerves test needle was not the cause of their infection with diabetes, therefore, the study recommended the adoption of the results of the diabetic peripheral neuropathy to diagnose and asses the infection with peripheral nervous surround diabetes.

دراسة بعض العوامل البيئية المؤثرة في بعض انواع القشريات في نهر الكوفة == Study Som of Enviromental factors offecting Some Crustacea species in the Kufa river

اسم المؤلف: ايمان حساني شباط السلامي
اسم المشرف: جاسم حميد رحمة الخزاعي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحياة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة للتعرف على انواع القشريات وانتشارها في نهر الكوفة , وتاثير بعض العوامل البيئية على تواجدها , اذ جمعت عينات الدراسة شهريا للمدة من اب 2014 لغاية تموز 2015 من ثلاث محطات , الاولى : تقع شمال جسر الامام علي (عليه السلام) والثانية قرب مبزل ميسان والمحطة الثالثة قرب جسر الكوفة القديم ( قريبة من دار ضيافة المحافظة ) , اذ قيست العوامل البيئية الفيزياوية والكيمياوية مثل درجة الحرارة والاس الهيدروجيني والاوكسجين المذاب والمتطلب الحيوي للاوكسجين والتوصيلية الكهربائية والكدرة , والعسرة الكلية وايون الكالسيوم . تراوحت الحدود الدنيا والعليا لحرارة الهواء 14.3) - 42.6 ) مo وحرارة الماء (13 - 30.4) مo والاس الهيدروجيني 6.8) - 9.6 ) والاوكسجين الذائب 2.9) - 9.1 ) ملغم / لتر والمتطلب الحيوي للاوكسجين 0.7) - 4.7 ) ملغم / لتر والتوصيلية الكهربائية 1162) - 2055 ) مايكروسيمنز/ سم والملوحة 0.7) - 1.31 ) جزء بالالف والكدرة 1.4) - 17.5) نفثالين وحدة كدرة والعسرة الكلية 210) - 930 ) ملغم / لتر وايون الكالسيوم 119 ) - 380 ) ملغم / لتر . تم خلال الدراسة الحالية تسجيل جديد لنوعين من القشريات الكبيرة لاول مرة في نهر الكوفة وهما الروبيان النهري Macrobrachium nipponense والسرطان النهري Potamon magnum اللذان يعودان الى رتبة عشارية الاقدام Decapoda , اذ سجل اعلى كثافة للروبيان النهري 63.58 ) ) فرد / م 3 في المحطة الاولى في شهر تشرين الاول واختفى في محطات الدراسة جميعها في شهر كانون الثاني وشباط , بينما سجل اعلى كثافة للسرطان النهري 32.89) ) فرد / م 3 في المحطة الاولى في شهر نيسان . وتم تشخيص 32 وحدة تصنيفية تعود الى رتبتين من القشريات الصغيرة , وهي رتبة Cladocera ورتبة Copepoda اذ وجد ان رتبة Cladocera هي الاكثر وفرة وغزارة في محطات الدراسة اذ تضم خمسة وعشرون نوعا , بينمراتبة Copepoda تضم سبعة انواع.تم تشخيص ثمانية اجناس من رتبة متفرعة اللوامس Cladocera وهي Bosmina , Daphnia , Ceriodaphnia , Simocephalus , Alona , Chydorus , Macrothrix وMonia , في جميع محطات الدراسة , ومن الاجناس التي سجلت اعلى كثافة هي جنس Bosmina وDaphnia بينما سجل الجنسين Macrothrix وMonia اقل كثافة اذ اختفت في معظم اشهر الدراسة وفي جميع محطات الدراسة. وتم تشخيص اربعة اجناس من رتبة مجذافية الاقدام Copepoda وهي Cyclops , Diaptomus , Microcyclops , Macrocyclops , ومن الاجناس التي سجلت اعلى كثافة هو جنس Cyclops ومن الاجناس التي سجلت اقل كثافة هو جنس Diaptomus . وتم تسجيل جديد لاحدى عشر نوع من القشريات الصغيرة Microcrustacea لاول مرة في نهر الكوفة تعود لرتبتين هما Cladocera وCopepoda وهذه الانواع هي umholtzil Daphnia , Daphnia galeata , Daphnia magna , Daphnia retrocurva , Simocephalus sexpinosus , Alona affinis , Chydorus gibbus , Monia micrura , Cyclops strenuous , Macrocyclops albidus , Microcyclops sp . , اظهرت نتائج التحليل الاحصائي وجود علاقة ارتباط بين كثافة القشريات والعوامل الفيزياوية والكيمياوية المقاسة شهريا ولمدة عام , كذلك لوحظ وجود فروق معنوية بين اشهر ومحطات الدراسة بالنسبة لكثافة القشريات والعوامل الفيزياوية والكيمياوية عند مستوى P ≤ 0.05 . | This study was conducted to identify the types of Crustaceans and distribution in Al - Kufa River and the effect of some environmental factors on their presence , Study samples were collected monthly for the period from August 2014 to July 2015 of three stations, the first station is located north bridge Imam Ali , the second near the Missan trocar and the third station near old Kufa bridge . The Environmental factors, were measured ( physical and chemical) such as temperature , pH , dissolved oxygen, , electrical conductivity, salinity , turbidity ,total hardness (T . H) and calcium ion. Lower and upper limits for air temperature ranged from (14.3 - 42.6) Co and water temperature (13 - 30.4) C0 , pH (6.8 - 9.6) , dissolved oxygen (2.9 - 9.1) mg / L , the biological oxygen demand (BOD5) (0.7 - 4.7) mg / L), electrical conductivity (1162 - 2055) µs/ cm and salinity (0.7 - 1.31) ppt , turbidity (1.4 - 17.5) NTU, total hardness (210 - 930) mg / L and calcium ion ( 119 - 380) mg / L. During the current study, a new record of two species of Macrocrustaceans for the first time in AL - Kufa River Macrobrachium nipponense and river crab Potamon magnum which they return to the Order Decapoda, The highest density was recorded for the M. nipponense (63.58) individual / m 3 in the first station in October month and disappeared in the study, all stations at January and February, months , while the highest density of river crab P. magnum record (32.89) individual / m 3 in the first station in April month. in this study diagnosed 32 taxonomic unit return to Microcrustacea : Cladocera and Copepoda orders , also cladocera reverded where found that the most abundant and the abundance of plants in the study are Cladocera rank as comprising twenty - five type, while Copepoda rank of seven . Diagnosed eight genus belong to the Cladocera such as Bosmina, Daphnia, Ceriodaphnia, Simocephalus, Alona, Chydorus, Macrothrix, Monia, in all study stations, The genera Bosmina and Daphnia recorded high density while Macrothrix and Monia recorded low density which disappeared in the most study month in all study stations. Also four genera of the Copepoda were diagnose such as Cyclops, Diaptomus, Microcyclops and Macrocyclops, and genus Cyclops record high density while the genus Diaptomus recorded low density. eleven species of Microcrustacea were recorded for the first time in AL - Kufa River belonging to the Cladocera and Copepoda orders and these species are Daphnia umholtzil, Daphnia galeata, Daphnia magna, Daphnia retrocurva, Simocephalus sexpinosus, Alona affinis, Chydorus gibbus, Monia micrura , Cyclops strenuous, Macrocyclops albidus, and Microcyclops sp. Statistical analysis showed a correlation relationship between the density of Crustaceans and the physical and chemical factors measured per month for one year, also noted that there were significant differences between months and study stations for the intensity of Crustaceans and the physical and chemical factors at P ≤ 0.05

دراسة تاثـير المستخلصات المائيـة لنباتي الليمـون الحامـض والسعـد في ذكور الجرذان البيض السليمة والمصابة تجريبيا بداء السكري == Studying the Effect of Aqueous Extract of Citrus limon and Cyperus rotandus in alloxan induced in Diabetic Male Albino Rats

اسم المؤلف: زهراء كريـم عبد الله حسن الميالي
اسم المشرف: زينب شنيور مهـدي الطرفـي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحياة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: داء السكري هو اضطراب ايضي مزمن يتصف بارتفاع سكر الدم مع اضطراب في ايض الكاربوهيدرات والدهون والبروتين نتيجة لخلل في افراز الانسولين من قبل البنكرياس ، او تاثيره الحيوي اوكليهما، يشكل هذا الداء تهديد خطير ومتزايد على حياة الكثير من الناس ويعد المشكلة الرئيسية التي تودي بحياة الملايين، وما للنباتات الطبية اثر مهم في صحة الانسان كونها مصدرا مهما للعديد من الادوية والمستحضرات الطبية , وتكمن الفائدة الطبية لهذه النباتات في قابليتها على انتاج العديد من المركبات الكيميائية ذات الخصائص الصيدلانية التي تدخل كمادة اولية او عوامل مساعدة في صناعة الادوية ولكثرة استخدام الاعشاب (النباتات الطبية) في الوقت الراهن بوصفها الطب البديل جاءت هذه الدراسة . اجريت هذه الدراسة الحالية في كلية التربية للبنات / جامعة الكوفة للمدة من 2014/10/1 م ولغاية 2015/5/30 م وتضمنت الدراسة تحضير المستخلص المائي الحارلكلا النباتين (بذور الليمون الحامض Citrus limon ودرنات السعد (Cyperus rotundusوقد تضمنت الدراسة متابعة (42) حيوان من ذكور الجرذان البيض ، وتم تقسيمها الى سبعة مجاميع تضمنت كل مجموعة ستة ذكور ، اذ جرعت المجموعة الاولى فمويا بمحلول الملحي الفسيولوجي حسب وزن الجسم واعتبرت كمجموعة سيطرة (سالبة) ، اما المجموعة الثانية فقد حقنت تحت الجلد بالالوكسان (1 مل) واعتبرت كمجموعة سيطرة مصابة (موجبة)، اما المجموعة الثالثة فقد جرعت فمويا بالمستخلص المائي الحار لبذور الليمون الحامض بتركيز (500ملغم/كغم) بتركيز (750ملغم/كغم) وحسب وزن الجسم ، والمجموعة الرابعة جرعت فمويا بالمستخلص المائي الحار لدرنات السعد حسب وزن الجسم ، والمجوعة الخامسة فحقنت بالالوكسان تحت الجلد ومن ثم جرعت فمويا المستخلص المائي الحار لبذور الليمون الحامض بتركيز (500ملغم/كغم) وحسب وزن الجسم، والمجموعة السادسة التي حقنت بالالوكسان تحت الجلد ومن ثم تم تجريعها فمويا المستخلص المائي الحار لدرنات السعد بتركيز (750ملغم/كغم) حسب وزن الجسم ، واخيرا المجموعة السابعة التي حقنت بالالوكسان تحت الجلد ومن ثم جرعت فمويا بعقار الاميرال (Glimepiride) بتركيز (0.1) ، علما ان التجريع قد استمر لمدة ثلاثين يوما كاملا وبواقع مرة واحدة يوميا .وقد اظهرت نتائج الدراسة ما يلي :  حصول انخفاض معنوي (P< 0.05) في وزن الجسم واوزان الاعضاء (البنكرياس والكبد والكلية) لدى مجموعة السيطرة الموجبة(المحقونة بالالوكسان) عند مقارنتها بالمجاميع : السيطرة السالبة والمجموعتين المعاملتين بالمستخلص المائي الحار لبذور الليمون الحامض ودرنات السعد على التوالي والمجموعة المعاملة بالالوكسان وعقار الاميرال وكذلك المجموعتين المعاملتين بالالوكسان ومستخلص النباتين المذكورين على التوالي، وعلى النقيض من ذلك فقد اظهر وزن الجسم وكذلك اوزان الاعضاء ارتفاعا معنويا (P< 0.05) لدى المجموعتين المصابتين تجريبيا بداء السكري والمعاملتين بمستخلص النباتين كلا على حدا عندما تقارن بمجموعة السيطرة الموجبة.  وجود انخفاض معنوي (P< 0.05) في التعداد الكلي لخلايا الدم البيض وكريات الدم الحمر وتركيز الهيموغلوبين والصفيحات الدموية عند الحيوانات المصابة تجريبيا بداء السكري عند مقارنتها مع المجاميع : السيطرة السالبة والمجموعتين المعاملتين بالمستخلص المائي الحار لبذور الليمون الحامض ودرنات السعد على التوالي والمجموعة المعاملة بالالوكسان وعقار الاميرال وكذلك المجموعتين المعاملتين بالالوكسان ومستخلص النباتين المذكورين على التوالي ، على العكس من ذلك حصول ارتفاع معنوي (P< 0.05) في مجموعة الحيوانات السليمة لدى المجموعتين المصابتين تجريبيا بداء السكري والمعاملتين بمستخلص النباتين كلا على حدا عندما تقارن بمجموعة السيطرة الموجبة . حصول ارتفاع معنوي (P< 0.05) في مستويات الكلوكوز ، الكولسترول الكلي الكليسيريدات الثلاثية ، والبروتينات الدهنية واطئة الكثافة والواطئة الكثافة جدا وحصول انخفاض معنوي (P< 0.05) في مستوى البروتينات الدهنية عالية الكثافة لدى مجموعة السيطرة الموجبة عند مقارنتها مع المجاميع : السيطرة السالبة والمجموعتين المعاملتين بالمستخلص المائي الحار لبذور الليمون الحامض ودرنات السعد على التوالي والمجموعة المعاملة بالالوكسان وعقار الاميرال وكذلك المجموعتين المعاملتين بالالوكسان ومستخلص النباتين المذكورين على التوالي ، وكذلك حصول انخفاض معنوي (P< 0.05) في المعايير المذكورة اعلاه وارتفاع في البروتينات الدهنية عالية الكثافة في مجموعة الحيوانات السليمة ولدى المجموعتين المصابتين تجريبيا بداء السكري والمعاملتين بمستخلص النباتين كلا على حدا عندما تقارن بمجموعة السيطرة الموجبة . وحصول ارتفاع معنوي (P< 0.05) في فعالية الانزيمات الكبدية ALT, AST وALp والبلروبين لدى مجموعة السيطرة الموجبة عند مقارنتها مع المجاميع : السيطرة السالبة والمجموعتين المعاملتين بالمستخلص المائي الحار لبذور الليمون الحامض ودرنات السعد على التوالي والمجموعة المعاملة بالالوكسان وعقار الاميرال وكذلك المجموعتين المعاملتين بالالوكسان ومستخلص النباتين المذكورين على التوالي ، وحصول انخفاض معنوي (P< 0.05) في فعالية الانزيمات اعلاه في مجموعة الحيوانات السليمة ولدى المجموعتين المصابتين تجريبيا بداء السكري والمعاملتين بمستخلص النباتين كلا على حدا عندما تقارن بمجموعة السيطرة الموجبة . حصول انخفاض معنوي (P< 0.05)في مستوى البروتين الكلي والالبومين والكلوبيولين لدى مجموعة السيطرة الموجبة عند مقارنتها مع المجاميع : السيطرة السالبة والمجموعتين المعاملتين بالمستخلص المائي الحار لبذور الليمون الحامض ودرنات السعد على التوالي والمجموعة المعاملة بالالوكسان وعقار الاميرال وكذلك المجموعتين المعاملتين بالالوكسان ومستخلص النباتين المذكورين على التوالي ، وحصول ارتفاع معنوي(P< 0.05) في في مجموعة الحيوانات السليمة ولدى المجموعتين المصابتين تجريبيا بداء السكري والمعاملتين بمستخلص النباتين كلا على حدا عندما تقارن بمجموعة السيطرة الموجبة . اشارت نتائج الدراسة النسجية للكبد حصول تغير نسجي للكبد في حالة ارتفاع السكر بالدم تمثل بحصول توسع بسيط بالجيبانيات ،واحتقان دموي مع حدوث تنخر للخلايا الكبدية ونزف فيها ، وظهور مناطق التهابية عدة واستسقاء مائي وبعد معاملة المجموعة المصابة بالمستخلص المائي لكلا النباتين لوحظ رجوع الشكل الطبيعي للخلايا الكبدية . اشارت نتائج الدارسة النسجية للكلية حصول تغير نسيجي فيها في حالة ارتفاع الكلوكوز بالدم والمتمثل بخروج الانوية من الكبيبة الكلوية وتجمعها في اماكن متفرقة خارج الكبيبة وكذلك وجود نزف وتحطم في جدران الكبيبة والاوعية الدموية الموجودة ضمنها وتحطم واضح للقشرة الكلوية وعند معالجة الحيوانات المصابة بالمستخلص المائي لكلا النباتين لوحظ رجوع الشكل الطبيعي للكلية . اشارت نتائج الدارسة النسجية للبنكرياس حصول تغير في التركيب النسيجي للبنكرياس في حالة الاصابة بالسكري نتيجة الحقن بمادة الالوكسان تتمثل بوجود النزف الحاد في جميع مناطقها وحصول توسع وتحطم في الخلايا وعدم انتظام اشكالها وانحلال الانوية وخروجها من اماكنها الصحيحة ولكن عند معالجة الحيوانات المصابة بالمستخلص المائي لكلا النباتين لوحظ رجوع الشكل الطبيعي للبنكرياس.وقد سجلت النتائج جميعا بشكل عام تاثيرا افضل للمستخلص النباتي لبذور الليمون الحامض قياسا بدرنات السعد والدرنات افضل من العقار في تخفيض سكر الدم اضافة الى تحسين الاضطرابات الايضية المتسببة عن داء السكري المستحدث بعقار الالوكسان . | Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to a defect in Insulin secretion from the pancreas, insulin action or both, with disturbances in (carbohydrates, lipid and protein) metabolic due to a defect in Insulin secretion, Insulin action or both. This disease is a serious and growing threat to the lives of many people , it isthe main problem which cause death to millions,The medical plants have important impact on human health as an important source of many medicines and medical products. The medical advantage of these plants lies in their ability to produce many of the characteristics that the pharmaceutical intervention have as a primary material or contributing factors in the pharmaceutical industry chemical compounds. The frequent use of herbs (medical plants) at the present time as alternative medicine, as came in this study.This study was conducted at the Faculty of Education /University of Kufa during the period from2/10/ 2014 to 30/5/ 2015. The study included the preparation of aqueous extractsofCitrus lemonseeds and Cyperus rotundus tuber. Also the study includedthe use ofaqueous extractsofCitrus lemon at concentration (500) mg/kg andCyperus rotundus at concentration (750) mg/kgineach dosageaccording to the body weight of the albino rats (Ratus ratus). The study includes (42) white malerats divided into seven groups with six rat in each group and they were injected according to their weight in the following way : the first group was orally dosed with physiological saline and it was considered as a control(negative), the second group was injected with alloxan (1ml.) and were considered as infected control group (positive). The third group were also dosed orally with decocted extract of citrus lemon seeds in (500mg/kg). The fourth group was dosed orally with decocted extract of Cyperus rotundus (750mg/kg) concentration. The fifth group was first hypodermically injected with alloxan and then orally dosed with decocted extract of citrus lemon seeds in (500mg/kg) concentration. The sixth group was first hypodermically injected with alloxan and then orally dosed with decocted extract of Cyperus rotundus (750mg/kg) concentration. The seventh group was first hypodermically injected with alloxan and then orally dosed with Glimepiride with (0.1) concentration. The dosing continued for 30 days.  A significant decrease (P< 0.05) was shown in total body weight and organ weight such as pancreas, liver and kidney in uninfected control(Negative) when compared with other groups : in the two groups that were treated with hot aqueous extract of Citrus lemon seeds ad Cyperusrotundus tuber respectively, also,the group was treated with Amyral and the group that injected with alloxan and that treated with hot aqueous extract of Citrus lemon seeds and Cyperusrotundus tuber, we alsofound a significant increase (P< 0.05) in the above criteria in the two groups that were injected by alloxan and treated by two extracts when compared with the positive control group.  A significant decrease (P< 0.05) was shown in the total WBC and RBC count , and the hemoglobin concentration platelets in uninfected control group when compared with other groups : in the two groups that were treated with hot aqueous extract of Citrus lemon seeds and Cyperusrotundus tuber, respectively, also the group was treat with Amyral and the group that were injected with alloxan and that which was treated with hot aqueous extracts of Citrus lemon seeds and Cyperusrotundus tuber, also a significant increase (P< 0.05) was shown in the above criteriain diabeticanimalsgroup compared with healthy control group, we also found a significant increase (P< 0.05) was shown in the two groups that were injected by alloxan and treated by two extracts when compared with positive control group.  A significant increase (P< 0.05) was clear in the levels of glucose , total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein , very low density lipoprotein and a significant decrease (P< 0.05) in high density lipoprotein in uninfected control group when compared with other groups : in the two groups that treated with hot aqueous extract of Citrus lemon seeds and Cyperusrotundus tuber, respectively.Also the group was treated with Amyral and the group that injected with alloxan and that treated with hot aqueous extract of Citrus lemon seeds ad Cyperusrotundus tuber, a significant decrease (P< 0.05) was clear in the above criteria and significant increasein high density lipoprotein in diabeticanimalsshown in the two groups that were injected by alloxan and treated by two extracts when compared with the positive control group.  A significant increase (P< 0.05) the effectiveness of hepatic enzymes(ALT , AST ,ALP, Bilirubin) in uninfected control group when compared with other groups : in the two groups that were treated with hot aqueous extract of Citrus lemon seeds and Cyperusrotundus tuber, respectively, also the group was treated with Amyral and the group that injected with alloxan and that treated with hot aqueous extract of Citrus lemon seeds and Cyperusrotundus tuber, also a significant decrease (P< 0.05) in the effectiveness of hepatic enzymes in diabeticanimals, a significant decrease (P< 0.05). The effectiveness of the above enzymes in the two groups that were injected by alloxan and treated by two extract when compared with the positive control group.  The presented histological study of the liver refers to the histological changes in the liver in the state of hyperglycemia that is represented by the expansion of sinusoid, blood accumulation, necrosis and bleeding in hepatocyte, presence of many inflammation areas, watery dropsically but when treating diabetic animals by aqueous extract of (Citrus lemon andCyperusrotundus), it wasnoted thatthey returned back to the normal shape of hepatocyte. The histological study of the kidneyrefers to the occurring of the histological changes in the kidney in the state of hyperglycemia that were represented by getting out the nucleus from glomerulous and aggregation in many area out theglomeruli, also, the bleeding or the destruction of glomerulous wall with blood vessels, the present distraction in kidney cortex but when treating diabetic animals with aqueous extract of (Citrus lemon and Cyperusrotundus), it was noted that it returned back to the normal shape of kidney. The histological study of the pancreasrefers to the occurring of the histological changes in infected diabetic animals by (alloxan) which represented an acute bleeding in all regions, destruction and expansion in kidney cells, abnormal shape, nucleus degenerative and leaving the true area but when treating diabetic animals with aqueous extract of (Citrus lemon and Cyperusrotundus), it was noted that it returned back to the normal shape ofpancreas.In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the Citrus limonseeds and Cyperus rotundus tuberextracts gave good results, even better than the reference drug Amyral for loweringbloodsugar, in addition to improvingmetabolic disorderscaused byalloxan induced-diabetes

دراسة لتكوين الغشاء الحيوي لبكتريا Escherichia coli وProteus mirabilis المعزلة من اصابات المسالك البولية في محافظة النجف الاشرف == Study of Biofilm formation of Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis isolated from urinary tract infection in AL - Najaf Al - Ashraf governorate

اسم المؤلف: رسل عيدان محسن
اسم المشرف: سهام جاسم محسن
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The aim of this study is to inferring the ability of biofilm production and virulence factors which has helped to form it into two types of bacteria P.mirabilis and E.coli. Two hundred and fifty samples have been collected from patients who are suffering Urinary tract infection (UTI) in Teaching Hospital at Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf during the period ( 1/10/2014 - 1/1/ 2015). The samples have has identified by diagnostic methods : culturing , microscopic , biochemical and using VITEK - 2 compact system more sensitively and specifically method.The results have been showed that the isolation ratio was 30 (37.5%) of E.coli, while P.mirabilis was 14(17.5%) also, a five isolates (6.5%) wereEnterobacter cloacae ssp cloacae and only two isolates (2.5%) were Raoultella ornithinolytica from the total number of specimens. The virulence factors and antibiotic sensitivity test of two bacteria : P.mirabilis and E.coli were determined and the more virulence and multidrug resistance were selected.The hemagglutination properties of P.mirabilis which isolated from clinical samples were determined , the reaction with red blood cells of human group O+ was explored. The ratio of Hemagglutination was reached 42.86%, 50%, 7.14% to MSHA, MRHA and NOHA respectively. However, E.coli has been a different results that was reached 30 % , 26.67% and 43.33% from type MSHA, MRHA and NOHA as well. On the other hand, the thin - film production (pellicle) has been formed by 13 isolates of bacteria P.mirabilis and 21 isolates of bacteria E.coli, when it was growth on the nutrient broth in a temperature 37˚C for 24 - 18 hours. Moreover, it has been shown that there is high affinity for adhesion with the epithelium cell in the urinary tract. In addition, the E.coli has proved the higher efficiency than P.mirabilis in adhesion. It was detected ability of bacteria to biofilm production in three methods. The bacteria E.coli have showed their ability on biofilm production where by the rate was (43.3, 52 and60)% on the different growth ways which was the Congo Red, the tube and the plate respectively.The gel electrophoresis has been done on all isolates which was to analyzed on adhesive factors genetically whereby the bacteria P.mirabilis, E.coli have shown ability to gene expression (fimH and afaB) with a rate of (42.86 and 28.57)% and (30 and 20)%, respectively.Also, it has been clarified that the antibiotics ( Ciprofloxacin, Amikacin and Ceftazidime) have an effect on the most virulent bacteria to prevent the formation of biofilm when it is taken a half of minimum inhibitory concentrations. It was found that the minimum inhibitory concentrations were the most efficient in the prevent a biofilm formation in both types of bacteria.It appears to be found that the minimum inhibitory concentrations of these antibiotics were the most efficient in the prevent the formation of biofilm in both types of bacteria. Ciprofloxacin has the high efficiency to prevent the biofilm formation in E.coli while this concentration has no effective on biofilm production from others. It has been found that there is a clear positive relationship between the presence of adhesion gene (fimH , afaB) and the ability to adhesion on the epithelial .The conjugation process was conducted successfully to transfer the adhesion genes between (E.coli and P.mirabilis) which have been considered a donor strains to transfer the genes to the standard strain E.coli HB101 which have been considered a receipt strains whereby have shown ability to adhesion and biofilm formation.

دراسة علاقة مجاميع الدم ABO مع البين ابيضاضي 18 المرتبط بالبروتين الفا والبين ابيضاضي 18 مستقبل البيتا في النساء العراقيات العربيات المصابات بالسكري من النوع الثاني == Studying the Association of ABO Blood Groups with IL - 18BPa & IL - 18R beta in the Iraqi Arab Females with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

اسم المؤلف: زينب فاضل عبد الغفور
اسم المشرف: اسماء محمد صالح المهيدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الوراثة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: داء السكري كمرض التهابي يرتبط مع العديد من العوامل الالتهابية لذلك تهدف الدراسة الحالية لحساب تركيز العامل البين ابيضاضي 18 المرتبط بالبروتين الفا والعامل البين ابيضاضي 18 مستقبل البيتا مع عوامل الخطورة التقليدية والتي تشمل المقاييس الفيزيائية مثل متوسط محيط الخصر ومؤشر كتله الجسم وعوامل البيو كيميائية مثل الانسولين , مقاومة الانسولين , مستوى السكر في الدم في حاله الصيام ,مستوى الهيموغلوبين السكري وملف الدهون وفي الوقت نفسه دراسة ارتباطهم مع نظام الدم ABO في النساء العراقيات العربيات المصابات بالسكري من النوع الثاني ومن اجل معرفة تاثير ذلك مع عوامل اخرى التي تعتبر كمؤشر او مطور لمرض السكري من النوع الثاني . وشملت الدراسة الحالية 340 مريضا من النساء العراقيات العربيات المشخصات حديثا بالسكري من النوع الثاني 200 من النساء الاصحاء اختبرت للتكرار الاليلي والمظهري ,ومن هؤلاء 60 مريضة اختبرت للدراسة المناعية والكيميائية مقارنة مع 28 من النساء الاصحاء .الاختبارات المناعية بواسطة استخدام تقنية الانزيم المرتبط المناعي, اما المقاييس الكيميائية باستخدام الاساليب الانزيمية واللونية, وتم تقسيم المرضى والسيطرة حسب مجاميع الدم الى اربعة مجاميع ثانوية (A , B ,AB ,O) وفقا لنوع فصائل الدم التي كشف عنها بواسطة الاختبارات المصلية القياسية .اظهرت البيانات الحالية : 1 - زيادة معنوية في المصل العامل البين ابيضاضي 18 المرتبط بالبروتين الفا في المرضى الحاليين ,في حين لم تظهر اختلافات معنوية في مستوى مصل العامل البين ابيضاضي 18 مستقبل البيتا .2 - زيادة معنوية في متوسط العامل البين ابيضاضي 18 المرتبط بالبروتين الفا مع زيادة العمر في كل من المرضى ومجموعه السيطرة, في حين العامل البين ابيضاضي 18 مستقبل البيتزااد في المجموعة الاقل من 40 سنة وانخفض مع زيادة العمر في كل من المرضى ومجموعه السيطرة .بالاظافة الى زيادة كل عوامل الخطورةالاخرى.3 - تركيز كلا العاملين العامل البين ابيضاضي 18 المرتبط بالبروتين الفا والعامل البين ابيضاضي 18 مستقبل البيتا يزداد بشكل غير معنوي تدريجيا في كل المرضى مع زيادة مدة المرض ونفس النتيجة لمقاومة الانسولين.4 - اظهرت نسبة الهيموغلوبين السكري اقل من 7.3 % زيادة كبيرة في متوسط العامل البين ابيضاضي 18 المرتبط بالبروتين الفا , العامل البين ابيضاضي 18 مستقبل البيتا وتنخفض تدريجيا مع زيادة نسبة الهيموغلوبين السكري .5 - الافراد الذين كانوا يحملون فصيلة الدم B اظهروا اعلى معدل لمتوسط العامل البين ابيضاضي 18 المرتبط بالبروتين الفا , الانسولين ومقاومة الانسولين .6 - المرضى الذين كانوا يحملون فصيلة الدم B والاصحاء الذين يحملون فصيلة الدم A اظهروا اعلى معدل لمتوسط العامل البين ابيضاضي 18 مستقبل البيتا .7 - يعتبر العامل البين ابيضاضي 18 المرتبط بالبروتين الفا والعامل البين ابيضاضي 18 مستقبل البيتا كعوامل خطورة مستقلة في النساء العراقيات العربيات المصابات بالسكري من النوع الثاني والتي تدعمها غياب العلاقة المعنوية بين العامل البين ابيضاضي 18 المرتبط بالبروتين الفا والعامل البين ابيضاضي 18 مستقبل البيتا وجميع عوامل الخطورة التقليدية الاخرى .8 - هنالك علاقة ايجابية بين مستويات العامل البين ابيضاضي 18 المرتبط بالبروتين الفا وخطورة السكري من النوع الثاني والذي قد يعتبر كمؤشر لحدوث المرض , في حين ان مستويات العامل البين ابيضاضي 18 مستقبل البيتا قد يكون مؤشر لتطور المرض .مزيد من الدراسات اللازمة لفهم العلاقة بين مجاميع الدم , عوامل الالتهابية ومخاطر السكري من النوع الثاني . | DM is considered as inflammatory disease associated with many inflammatory factors. As such the present study aims to investigate the concentration of IL - 18 binding protein alpha (IL - 18BPa) and IL - 18R beta with classical risk factors which include Anthropometric risk factors like Age, Central Obesity (CO) and body mass index (BMI), biochemical factors like Insulin , Insulin Resistance (IR), Fasting Blood Glucose ( FBG), Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid profile. Besides, the study aims to studying their association with ABO blood system in the Iraqi Arab female patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 in order to figure out their effect with other factors as predictor or developer for diabetes mellitus type 2. The present study included 340 Iraqi Arab female patients newly diagnosed with DMT2 and 200 healthy individuals tested for phenotype and allele frequency. From those, 60 patients were tested for the immunological and chemical where compared to 28 healthy individuals. Immunological tests by using ELISA kits. While Chemical parameters using enzymatic and colorimetric methods. The study groups (patients and control) were divided into four sub groups (A, B, AB and O) according to the class of blood groups which were tested by using standard serological procedures. The present data showed : 1 - A significant increase in the serum level of IL - 18BPa in the patients of the present study, while there was no significant difference in the serum level of IL - 18R beta. 2 - A significant increased in mean of IL - 18BPa with increased age in both patients and control groups. While IL - 18R beta showed increase at group less than 40 year and decreased with increasing age in both patients and control group. Besides increased all other risk factors. 3 - The levels of both IL - 18BPa and IL - 18R beta were gradually non significantly increased the level in each patients group with an increased duration of disease and the same for IR. 4 - Patients with HbA1c less than 7.3% showed a significant increase in mean of IL - 18BPa and IL - 18R beta and decreased gradually with the increase of HbA1c. 5 - Patients and control subjects who carried blood group B had the highest mean of IL - 18BPa, Insulin and Insulin resistance. 6 - Patient subjects who carried blood group B and control subjects who carried blood group A showed the highest mean of IL - 18R beta. 7 - IL - 18BPa and IL - 18R beta act as independent risk factors in Iraqi Arab females with DMT2 which supported by the absence of significant correlation among IL - 18BPa, IL - 18R Beta and all others classical risk factors. 8 - A positive relation between levels of IL - 18BPa and risk of DMT2. This may be an indication of inflammation for newly diagnostic diabetic patients, while Serum levels of IL - 18R beta might be a predictor marker of disease progression. Further studies are needed to understanding the relationship between blood groups, inflammatory markers and risk of DMT2 in healthy population.

استخلاص وتنقية وتشخيص ببتيد كلايكوسيدي من الحبار Loligo sp. ودراسة تاصيرة على خط الخلايا السرطانية Hela Cell Line والطبيعية REF == Extraction , Purification, Characterization Glycosidic Peptide From Loligo sp. and Study Effect On Cancer Cell Line (Hela) and Normal (REF)

اسم المؤلف: هيفاء عدنان منصور الموسوي
اسم المشرف: بلسم انيس مارينا | ضمياء قاسم سكر
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study was designated to investigate the capcity of pure Loligo sp extract on two cell lines : - the cancer cell line Human cervix uteri epitheloid carcinoma (Hela) and Rat Embryo Fibroblast cell line (REF) as normal cell line.The study included extraction of tissue (whole body) of Loligo sp by using 30% ammonium sulfate. and chemical group detected in the extract by using qualitative chemical test and the result showed that the crud and pure extract contained alkloides, proteins, carbohdrates, saponines, flavonoids, aldehyde &keton group and phenol group .and the extacte does not contain glycosides.The crude extraction was purified by column chromatography using sephadex G - 25. and the purity of extract detected by using polyacryl amide gel electrophoresis under non denaturated condition. The result showed that the extracted riched with amino acid and some carbohydrate by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with compared standerd amino acid and suger.Infrared Spectroscopy of purified extract shows that it contain (N - H - C - OH) to emphasize on found amino acid in the extract.The cytotoxicity effect on cell lines study by four concentraction ( 125, 250 ,500 and 1000)ϻg/ml were prepared and tested on cell line with five replicates for each concentraction, the optical density of cell growth read by the Elisa reader 550 nm and use by tetra zolium bromide (MTT). The result for in vitro study showed that all concentraction had high inhibition on tumor cell line and a highly significant inhibition in (Hela) line was recoreded 42.79% at exposure time 48hr in the concentraction 1000 ϻg/ml the effect was dose dependent. The inhibitory effect of extract on Hela cell line higher than in the REF. while it was less effect of extract on Rat Embryo Fibroblast cell line after exposure time 48hr.

دراسة مسحية للبكتريا المرتبطة بالتهاب الزائدة الدودية وتحديد الحالة النسجية للمصابين في محافظة البصرة == Survey of bacteria associated with appendicitis and determination of Histological patient state in the province of Basrah

اسم المؤلف: هدى عبد الرحيم مذكور
اسم المشرف: محمد عبد الامام احمد | نوري حنون جاسم
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The current study has been done to determined pathogenic bacteria that associated with appendicitis .This study includes ninety samples of removal appendix taken form patients who cleared diagnosed as appendicitis infection by specialised doctors in general Basrah hospital and Al - Sadir teaching hospital for the period between September - 2013 and June - 2014.Distribution of appendicitis appear in all age groups, 10 - 20 year and 20 - 30 year were the most infected, as well as the infection appear in both gender, but rate of infection in male was relatively higher than female 68(59%), 47(41%) respectively. The ratio of the city's population has overcome the rural population 96(83.5%),19 (16.5%) respectively. The percentage of samples that gave positive culture was 80( 88.9%), while 10 (11.1%) of these samples negative culture. The study reveals 15 different bacterial isolation, the most common bacteria was Escherichia coli 80(44.9%) while other species was appears in less percentage Shigella dysenteria 14(7.9%), Salmonella enterica typhi 10( 6.5 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 8( 5.6 %) , Klebseilla Pneumonia 6(4.3%) , Klebseilla oxytoca 3(1.7%), Morganella morganai 7 ( 9.3 %) Neisseria spp. 6 ( 9.5%) , Enterobacter cloaca 4 ( 2.2 %) ,Serreatia spp. 3 )7.1 %(, Citrobacter ferundii 2 (7.7%) Proteus vulgaris 7) 6.5 %( Staphylococcus spp. 14(1.3%), Streptococcus spp. 72(5.1 %) and Bacillus subtilis 8)5.6 %(. Laboratory diagnosis for blood samples included estimated of total WBCs and found that (31%) of patients have natural WBCs values while the other patients have high values.Antibiotic sensitivity test to E.coli isolates towards 20 antibiotics because she is the most common bacteria showed that all isolates were resisted for most antibiotics which used in test especially for β - lactam group, and the isolates of E.coli were multi resistance for antibiotics.Identified minimum inhibitory concentrations MIC for some antibiotics The results showed that E.coli bacterial isolates's 30 isolation have shown resistance to anti AMO as MIC values ranged from 128 - 1024 Mcgm / ml while the MIC for Anti AMP values between 4 - 128 Mcgm / ml, As for antibiotics and Cefixim , Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, and it was her MIC values ranging between (1 - 128) Mcgm / ml Plasmid profile of E.coli isolates investigated to study the correlation between plasmid profile and antibiotic resisitant marker and results from agarose gel electrophoresis revealed that all E.coli isolates contain one plasmid band.This study includes the detection of some genes that encode to beta - lactamase enzymes in E.coli which were responsible about multi antibiotic resistanc and these genes loaded on plasmid DNA for ten isolaes and found that 5(50%) from isolates have blaTEM gene and 5 )40%( have blaCTX gene and 1(10%) have blaSHV gene. This study also considered note the general appearance of appendix samples , some of them are enlarged and surrounded by vesicles, some with fibrous walls and ulcerated with mixed colors, then examined the histological changes it, the study showed changes in histological structure of the excess was extensively congestion of blood vessels, veins in serosa and subserosal layers and increased the amount of diffuse lymphoid tissue in the layers of the appendix walls.

معاملة بذور الذرة الصفراء Zea mays L. بحامض السالسياليك واثرها في تحمل الشد المائي المستحث بمادة الكلايكول متعدد الاثلين == The treatment of Corn seeds (Zea mays L.) with salicylic acid and its effects on drought tolerance induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG)

اسم المؤلف: وسن فوزي عبد الحسین
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحياة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study was conducted in Plant physiology laboratory, department of biology, college of education for pure sciences, University of Basrah from 1/6/2015 till 10/7/2016 in order to evaluate the effect ofpretreatment (soaking) seeds of corn (Zea mays L.) cv. Baghdad 3with salicylic acid (SA) on germination, early seedlings growth and to minimize the effect of water stress induced with poly ethylene glycol (PEG). The study included the following experiments : 1 - Effect of SA and PEG on germination using a hydroponic culture and Hoagland solution in which corn seeds were soaked in three concentrations (0.1,0.3,0.5) mMof SA in addition to control treatment with distilled water for six hours. Water stress were induced with PEG at concentrations of 0 (distilled water),1%,2%,3%,6%,9% and 12%. This experiment indicated that the optimum soaking concentration with SA was 0.5 mM and that there was no germination at 12% PEG.2 - Effect of interaction between corn seeds pretreatment with DW, 0.5mM of SA for six hoursand PEG at all previous concentrations except 12%, on early corn seedlings growth using hydroponic culture and Hoagland nutrient solution, for three weeks.3 - Effect of interaction betweencorn seeds pretreatment with DW, 0.5 mM of SA for six hoursand water stress induced with PEG at 3% and 6% on vegetative growth using pots filled with a mixture of sand and peat moss for three months.The parameters were evaluated after each of the previous experiments, also , Biochemical test . Plant height, leaves number, root length and number, dry and fresh weight for shoot and roots, while the followingparameters were evaluated in corn leaves after pots experiment : 1 - Biochemical tests included : proline and glycine betain concentrations, total carbohydrates, total chlorophyll, sodium and potassium ions concentrations.2 - Leaves anatomical study to compare the effect of PEG inducedwater stress and the role of its interaction with pretreatment with SA on thegrowth and development of internal structure of corn leaves.The following results were estimated : 1 - Germination percentage : increasing water stress in the nutrient media reduced the % germination significantly when compared with control treatment. Seeds pretreatment with SA enhanced the germination percent and the highest percent was at interaction between PEG at 1%, 2% and SA at 0.5 mM.2 - Growth parameters for seedling at hydroponic culture indicated that plant height, fresh and dry weight for shoot and roots have increased significantly when seeds were pretreated with 0.5 Mm SA All theprevious parameters were reduced significantly under PEG induced waterstress especially at 9%. Interaction between SAand PEG caused apositive significant increases in all studied parameters especially atconcentrations less than 6% and 9% PEG.3 - Growth parameters for corn plants grown at pots have showed a significant increase when pretreated with SA compared with that treated with DW. PEG caused a significant decrease in the growth parameters IIIespecially at 6%. Interaction between DW and 6% PEG recorded the lowest growth in all studied parameters. 4 - Biochemical tests : There was a significant increase in total carbohydrates and total chlorophyll content in leaves of corn plants pretreated with SA in compare with that pretreatdwith DW while the content of proline and glycine betaine were higher significantly in leaves pretreated with DW.In case of PEG induced water stress, the highest total carbohydrates content was at 6%, highest chlorophyll content at 3% while proline and glycine betaine highest content were at 6% PEG. 5 - Sodium and Potassium Concentration : The highest potassium concentration was at plant treated with SA while the highest sodium concentration was at plant treated with DW. Increasing PEG concentrations caused a significant increase in potassium concentration and a significant decrease in sodium concentration. Interaction results revealed that the highest potassium and the lowest sodium concentrations were at interaction between SA and PEG at 6%. 6 - Anatomical study results revealed that increasing water stress effected the leaves tissues structures and this were cleared at vascular bundles tissues (xylem and phloem tissues) and bundle sheath. Upper and lower epidermis, polliform cells were also affected by increasing water stress.The anatomy of leaves also showed that there was a positive enhancement in the structure of leaves tissues in the plants grown from pretreated seeds with SA.

دور مستارجات حشرتي الصرصر الامريكي Periplaneta mericana والبعوض Culex pipiens على فرط التحسس من النوع الاول وعلاقتها مع بعض الائل مستضدات معقد التوافق النسيجي من الصنف الثاني

اسم المؤلف: هدى كاظم كريم الموسوي
اسم المشرف: فوزية علي عبد الله | ضياء خليف كريم
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحياة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study aimed to verify the distribution of Periplaneta americana and Culex pipiens allergy and its association with some HLA class II alleles in asthmatic and allergic patients. 96 healthy (control ) and 96 suspected allergic individuals from the same geographical region ,paired by sex and age were included in this study. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay test (ELISA) was used to estimate the total and specific IgE antibodies in the sera of studied individuals. The detection of the HLA - DQB1*0602, HLADQB1* 0604 and HLA - DRB1*12 was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).The results of total IgE based ELISA which was conducted on 96 suspected allergic and24 healthy (control ) individuals revealed that there was extremely significant statistical association (P<0.0001) for total IgE concentration with being allergic or non allergic status of individuals. The overall frequency of higher total IgE antibody concentration ( IgE>200IU/ml) was observed in 72.9% of allergic patients and lower serum total IgE levels (IgE<200IU/ml) were associated with 87.5% of healthy individuals. According to the specific IgE based ELISA results the effect of allergic patients age on the IgE seropositivity against cockroach allergens was not considered to be significant(p>0.05),but the effect of sex was statistically significant)P<0.05(.There was no significant effect( p>0.05)for patients age and sex on the distribution of IgE antibodies against mosquito allergens. Out of 96 allergic patients, 59 (61.5%)and 62(64.6%)showed positive IgE antibody response against cockroach and mosquito allergens respectively. Concerning the PCR results the overall frequency of HLA - DQB1*0602 and HLA - DQB1*0604 alleles was %35.6 and %15.3 of cockroach allergic patients respectively and the HLA - DRB1*12 allele was not observed in these patients..Out of 62 mosquito allergic patients, 8(%12.9)showed HLA - DQB1 * 0602 positive results while HLA - DQB1*0604 allele was observed in 4(%6.5)patients and the HLA - DRB1*12 allele was not observed in these patients.The difference in the genotypig results was extremely highly significant(χ2 : 0.030;17.486; degrees of freedom(DF) : 3;p - value=0.00056136) between cockroach and mosquito allergic patients .The association between the presence HLA - DQB1 *0602 , HLA - DQB1 * 0604 and HLA - DRB1*12 and total IgE based ELISA results in allergic patients and healthy individuals revealed that the percentage of HLA - DQB1 * 0602, HLA - DQB1 * 0604 and HLA - DRB1*12 alleles presence in patients having total IgE lower total IgE )IgE<200 IU/ml) was higher than that of high )IgE>200 IU/ml) total IgE patients where HLA - DQB1*0602 appeared in high percentage(69.2%) followed by percentage (15.4 %( of HLA - DQB1* 0604 presence. . The relationship of HLA - DQB1and HLADRB1 alleles with the results of total IgE based ELISA was statistically significant in the least(χ2 : 60.756 and the degree of freedom (DF) : 5;p= P<0.00001) and greatest(χ2 : 11.806 ; the degree of freedom (DF) : 5 ; p = 0.037544) than 200 IU / ml, values .Depending on the association between the presence of HLADQB1* 0602 ,HLA - DQB1*0604 and HLA - DRB1*12 and positive or negative specific results of cockroach or mosquito allergens specific IgE based ELISA results in allergic patients revealed that the percentage of HLA - DQB*0602,HLA - DQB1*0604 and HLA - DRB1*12 alleles presence in cockroach allergic patients having positive results were higher than those ratios that have been observed in patients with negative ELISA results where HLA - DQB1*0602 appeared in high percentage)35.6%( followed by percentage( 15.3% )of HLA - DQB1*0604 . The relationship of HLADQB1and HLA - DRB1 alleles with the results of specific IgE based ELISA was statistically significant (χ2 : 10.412; DF : 3; p - value =0.01536989).Incontrast the percentage of HLA - DQB1*0602,HLADQB1*0604 and HLA - DRB1*12 alleles presence in mosquito allergic patients was found to be higher in negative ELISA results patients also the relationship of these HLA - DQB1 alleles with mosquito allergen specific IgE based ELISA results was not considared statistically significant (χ2 : 3.115 ;DF : 3 and p= 0.37423205).However HLA - DQB1 * 0602 allele was found in the highest percentage (20.6%), followed by allele HLA - DQB1 * 0604 (8.8%).Concerning the presence of HLA - DQB1*0602 ,HLA - DQB1*0604 andHLA - DRB1*12 in cockroach or mosquito allergic patients and healthy individuals,the HLA - DRB1*12 and HLA - DQB1*0602 allels were not found in healthy individuals.The genotyping results difference between cockroach allergic patients and healthy individuals was considered statistically extremely significant (χ2 : 74.485 ;DF : 5 and p =0) as well as the difference in the results of the genotyping of mosquitoes allergic patients and healthy people was statistically with very high significant (χ2 : 23.342 ; DF : 5 and p = 0.00029035).

استخدام الاسماك الذهبية Carassius auratus كدلائل حيوية لتلوث هور الحمار في البصرة

اسم المؤلف: هدى حسن خربيط الخيون
اسم المشرف: اياد حنتوش داود الخفاجي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

الحساسية الغذائية للروبيان : دراسة وبائية ومناعية وجزيئية في محافظة البصرة جنوب العراق == Food allergy of shrimp : Epidemiological,Immunological and Molecular Study inBasra Province, Southern of Iraq

اسم المؤلف: نور جاسم علي جودة
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحياة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: A total of 210 human venous blood samples were collected from Basrah province ( 190 randomly collected from people living in different regions of Basrah province , 10 blood samples from people who did not have a history of shrimp consumption or dealing with it used as negative control group, anther 10 samples of people who are sensitive to shrimp used as a positive control group). The samples were serologically tested by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to estimate the distribution of total and specificIgE in the sera of studied individuals . Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the HLA - DQB1*02 , *0302 , *0305 allels. The immunological study included the preparation of two types of Metapenaeus affinis allergens which are the raw allergens and the boiled allergens used in Indirect ELISA test to determin shrimp food allergies by serodiagnosis , while Direct ELISA test was used to estimate the distribution of total IgE by quantitative serological methods in the sera of studied samples. the concentration of protein in antigens extracts was estimated, the protein concentration in the boiled shrimp extract was less than its concentration in the raw extract.The results of direct ELISA test demonstrated a decrease in the level of total IgE antibodies in most of the studied samples , the level of IgE <100 recorded a significant high rate 98.4% which is more than the level of IgE > 100 which recorded apercentage of 1.6% and there was a significant difference between them. The Indirect ELISA test results revealed that the total percentage of IgE distribution of the raw and boiled shrimp antigens were 57.8% and 74.2% respectively and there was a significant difference between males and females .However , the difference was not significant between the age groups P>0.05.The molecular study was conducted to detect the presence of some alleles HLADQB1* 02, *0302, *0305 gene in the blood samples by using PCR . The current study showed that the association of the presence of these alleles and the level of total immunoglobulin is highly significant.Also the current study showed that a high significant difference was found between the positive samples to the studied alleles and the seropositive and seronegative results of raw and boild shrimp allergen specific IgE based on Indirect ELISA (P≤0.01).The results of PCR showed a high frequency ratio of HLADQB1 * 0302 97.2% in allergic patients of shrimp boild allergen and 56.9% in allergic patients of shrimp raw allergen .Also the current study showed a very high frequency ratio of HLADQB1 *0305 98.2% in the individuals who showed positive results for the raw allergen and recorded 65.2%. in the individuals who showed positive results for the boild allergen ,while HLADQB1*02 showed in one sample of studied samples which recorded positive results to raw and boild allergens of shrimp .The current study demonstrated also that the alleles frequency in some of studied samples which are seronegative by Indirect ELISA test , HLADQB1*0302 was 30.9% in raw antigens, while in the negative boild sample was not observed . HLADQB1*0305 was 1.23% in serongative of raw allergen and 16.32% in boild allergen. However, HLADQB1*02 was notobserved in seronagative to raw and boild shrimp allergen.

دراسة انتشار الديدان الحلقية وبعض الاحياء القاعية المتواجدة معها في منطقة القرنة / شمال محافظة البصرة

اسم المؤلف: نور الهدى وليد عبد الرضا
اسم المشرف: صبيح هليل المياح | مرتضى يوسف
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - اللافقريات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: درست اللافقريات القاعية المائية الكبيرة لنهر الفرات وشط العرب واختيرت ثلاث محطات للدراسة تقع المحطة الاولى تقع على نهر الفرات بينما تقع المحطة الثانية بعد نقطة التقاء نهري دجلة والفرات بحوالي 2 كيلو متر في حين تقع المحطة الثالثة بعد التقاء شط العرب ونهر الغميج. جمعت العينات شهريا ابتداء من تموز2013 - ولغاية حزيران2014 - بواقع ثلاث مكررات من كل محطة. تم خلال الدراسة الحالية قياس بعض العوامل للبيئة المائية (درجة حرارة الماء والملوحة والاس الهيدروجيني والاوكسجين المذاب) اذ تراوحت درجة الحرارة بين 32 ̊م و18.4 ̊م وتراوحت الملوحة بين 3.8 - 1.9 جزء بالالف والاس الهيدروجيني بين 8.13 - 6.96 والاوكسجين المذاب بين 16 - 7.6 ملغرام/لتر. درست ايضا بعض العوامل الخاصة بالقاع (نسجة القاع والاس الهيدروجني والملوحة والكالسيوم والفسفور والنتروجين والبوتاسيوم والمادة العضوية) وجد ان نسجة القاع كانت غرينية طينية مزيجية في المحطة الاولى بينما كانت غرينية في المحطة الثانية وغرينية مزيجية في المحطة الثالثة, وتباينت عوامل القاع الاخرى بين محطات الدراسة الثلاثة اذ تراوحت معدلات قيم الاس الهيدروجيني بين 7.55 و7.24 والملوحة بين 5.3 3.2 جزء بالالف والنتروجين 150 - 42 جزء بالمليون (ppm) والفسفور 53.3 - 29.8 جزء بالمليون والبوتاسيوم بين 346 - 226 جزء بالمليون والكالسيوم 986.6 - 480 جزء بالمليون والمادة العضوية 48 - 10 % . سجلت خلال الدراسة ثلاث مجاميع من اللافقريات القاعية ظهرت في محطات الدراسة جميعها وهي النواعم بطنية القدم Gastropoda والديدان الحلقيةAnnelida والحشراتInsecta , اذ سجلت 25 و16 و20 من المراتب التصنيفية في المحطات الثلاثة على التوالي, وسجلت 4 انواع من النواعم ومرتبة واحدة من الحشرات في كل من المحطات الثلاثة اما الديدان الحلقية فسجل منها 20 و11 و15 نوعا في المحطات الثلاثة على التوالي. وسجلت خلال الدراسة الانواع Potamothrix hammoniensis ( Michaelsen,1901) وPotamothrix bavaricus (Öschmann,1913) وPsammoryctides moravicus (Hrabe, 1934) من مجموعة ديدان النايدد الانبوبية وNais stolci (Hrabe,1981) وParainais frici Hrabe, 1941 من مجموعة النايدد لاول مره في جنوب العراق عموما بينما يسجل النوعين Nais raviensis Stephenson,1941 وHomochaeta lactea (Cernosvitov,1937) من مجموعة النايدد لاول مره في العراق. جمعت خلال فترة الدراسة 4497 عينة من اللافقريات القاعية (1692 و1169 و1636من محطات الدراسة الثلاثة على التوالي) مثلت الديدان قليلة الاهلاب نسبا كلية عالية في المحطات جميعها 90.6) % و85.2 % و87% على التوالي) اما ادنى النسب فكانت لعديدة الاهلاب وبلغت 0.15 % و0.2 % سجلت في المحطتين الاولى والثالثة على التوالي. ضمن مجموعة بطنية القدم اخذ النوع Melanoides tuberculata اعلى النسب (55.2 % و43.7 % و30.4 % سجلت في محطات الدراسة الثلاثة على التوالي) اما النسبة الاقل فبلغت 9.7 % وسجلت للقوقع Physa acuta في المحطة الثانية. فيما يتعلق بمجموعة الديدان الانبوبية وجد النوع Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri بنسب كلية بلغت 96.9 % في المحطة الاولى و98.6 % في كل من المحطتين الثانية والثالثة اما النسبة الاقل فبلغت 0.1 % وسجلت للنوع Tubifex tubifex في المحطة الاولى و0.2 % و0.5 % وسجلت للنوع P. moravicus في المحطتين الثانية والثالثة على التوالي. اما اعلى النسب بالنسبة للانواع العائده لمجموعة النايدد فبلغت 34 % و78.3 % وسجلت للنوع N. stolci في المحطة الاولى والثالثة على التوالي واما في المحطة الثانية فوجدت الدودة Pristinella sima بنسبة 30 % , اما النسبة الاقل من بين جميع المحطات فسجلت لكل من النوعين Pristina aequiseta وDero nivea وبلغت 0.8 % . درست الكثافة الشهرية للانواع المسجلة خلال الدراسة وبلغت اعلى القيم 5082 و2058 و5430 فرد/م2 في محطات الدراسة الثلاثة على التوالي وجميعها سجلت للنوع L. hoffmeisteri , اما ادنى القيم فبلغت 11فرد/م2 وسجلت في جميع المحطات لعدد من الانواع. درست ايضا النسبة المئوية لتكرار لظهور الانواع ووجد ان النوع L. hoffmesteria هو النوع الوحيد الذي ظهر خلال جميع الاشهر وفي جميع محطات الدراسة, كما ظهر باعلى نسبة تكرار (%100) في جميع اشهر الدراسة في المحطتين الثانية والثالثة ولثمانية اشهر في المحطة الاولى اما نسبة التكرار الاقل فبلغت 33 % وسجلت لجميع المحطات ولعدد من الانواع. قورنت المحطات احصائيا من حيث عوامل الحرارة والملوحة وpH والاوكسجين المذاب وكذلك كثافات النواعم وقليلة الاهلاب وعدد الانواع, ولم تسجل فروق معنوية سوى الاوكسجين المذاب الذي اختلف معنويا بين المحطتين الاولى والثانية من جهة والثالثة من جهة اخرى. اما فيما يتعلق بتحليل الارتباط فقد وجد ان معدل الحرارة ارتبط ايجابا مع كل من معدل الاس الهيدروجيني (r = 0.679) ومعدل الملوحة (r = 0.350 ). من جهة اخرى ارتبط معدل الملوحة ايجابا مع معدل كثافة النواعم (r = 0.331) وارتبطت الحرارة سلبا مع كل من عدد الانواع الكلية المسجلة (r = - 0.361) وكثافة قليلة الاهلاب الكلية. وارتبط عدد الانواع الكلية بشكل موجب مع كثافة قليلة الاهلاب الكلية (0.395 r=). | Aquatic macro - benthic invertebrate of the Euphrates and the Shatt al - Arab Rivers were investigated for the period from July 2013 until June 2014. Three stations were selected to execute the study the former is located in the Euphrates River, while the second is situated about two kilometers apart from the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates. The third station, however, is located after the confluence of the Shatt al - Arab River with Ghamaj canal. Three replicate samples were collected from each station. some environmental factors were measured ( i.e. water temperature , salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen ) water temperature ranged between 18.4ºC to 32º C during January and May respectively, salinity ranged from (1.9 - 3.8) ppt. during October and May respectively, pH between 6.96 - 8.13 during December, March and April respectively, dissolved oxygen between (7.6 - 16) mg/L during July and September respectively Some other factors concerning the bottom and substrate were also studied namely, bottom texture, pH, salinity, calcium, phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium and organic matter. The study found that the bottom texture was silty clay in station1 while silty in the second and silty mixture in the third station. Other bottom components varied between the three stations. However, pH ranged between 7.24 and 7.55, salinity between (3.2 - 5.3) ppt. Nitrogen from 42 - 150 ppm, PO4 (29.8 - 53.3) ppm, potassium (226 - 346) ppm and Ca+2 from 480 - 986.6 ppm., and organic matter from (10 - 21)%. Three categories of benthic invertebrates were encountered in the studied stations i.e. Gastropoda, Annelida and Insecta, as 25, 16 and 20 taxonomical orders of each respectively. four molluscan species and one order of insects in each of the three stations, while annelida a total of 20 , 11 and 15 species were found in the three stations respectively . the following species were collected during the study Potamothrix hammoniensis (Michaelsen, 1901), Potamothrix bavaricus (Öschmann, 1913) and Psammoryctides moravicus (Hrabe, 1934) of a group of worms Naadd tube and Nais stolci (Hrabe, 1981) and Parainais frici Hrabe, 1941 from Naadd group for the first once in southern Iraq, while generally registers types Nais raviensis Stephenson, 1941 and Homochaeta lactea (Cernosvitov, 1937) of Naadd group for the first time in Iraq. a total of 4497 specimens of benthic invertebrates were collected during the study period (i.e. 1692, 1169 and 1636 from three stations respectively) oligochaetes formed a high proportions in all stations (90.6, 85.2 and 87 %, respectively) and the lowest percentage was for polychaetes amounted to 0.15% and 0.2 % recorded in the first and third stations respectively . out of gastropods Melanoides tuberculata formed the highest proportions ( 55.2 % and 43.7 % and 30.4 % recorded in the three study stations respectively ), but the lowest ratio was 9.7% recorded for the snail Physa acuta in station 2. With respect to tube worm’s group Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri was dominant proportions accounted for 96.9 % in station 1 and 98.6 % in other stations. However, the lowest proportion (0.1 %) was recorded for Tubifex tubifex in station1 and 0.2 % and 0.5% recorded for the species P. moravicus in the stations 2 and 3 respectively. The highest species proportions belong to the group Naididae amounted to 34% and 78.3 % recorded for the species N. stolci in stations 1 and 3 respectively, while in the station2 the worm Pristinella sima was found by 30%. The lowest proportion among all stations was recorded for Pristina aequiseta and Dero nivea amounted to 0.8%. Monthly density of the species recorded during the study was calculated and reached the highest values of 5082, 2058 and 5430 individual / m 2 in the three investigated stations respectively , all recorded for the species L. hoffmeisteri, the lowest value, however, was 11 individual / m 2 were recorded in all the stations for a number of species. Percentage frequency for the species was also studied and found that the species L. hoffmesteria is the only one that occurred during all months in all study stations, as shown by the highest percentage of recurrence (100%) in all months in the stations 2 and 3 , and just eight months in stations1. the lowest frequency (33%) recorded for all stations for a number of species. Stations statistically compared concerning temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen, as well as densities of molluscs, oligochaetes and the number of species. Significant differences were not found except with dissolved oxygen, which differed significantly between the first and second stations on the one hand and the third on the other hand. Regarding correlation it has been found that mean temperature was positively associated with both pH (r = 0.679) and the mean of salinity (r = 0.350). On the other hand, mean salinity was positively associated with molluscs density (r = 0.331) and temperature was negatively associated(r = - 0.361) with both the number of total species recorded and density of oligochaetes . The total number of species was positively associated with oligochaetes density (r=0.395).

انتاج بروتين cry1I من بكتريا Bacillus thuringiensis بواسطة التنسل الجيني == Production of cry1I Protein from Bacillus thuringiensis by Gene Cloning

اسم المؤلف: نسمة طالب وناس علي
اسم المشرف: محمد الحجاج
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Bacillus thuringiensis (commonly known Bt) is a ubiquitous, gram - positive and spore - forming bacterium. The organism produces intracellular crystal proteins, which are toxic to insects, during the stationary phase of its growth cycle. Because of its insecticidal activity, B. thuringiensis has been used as a biopesticide. However, it is still necessary to search for more toxins to control insect orders, which have the ability to develop resistance against such pesticides, and also to provide alternatives for chemical insecticides. The purpose of this study is to isolate B. thuringiensis strains that are collected from Basrah, and to identify the cry genes content of these isolations.In this study, 344 Bacillus species were isolated from 22 soil samples collected from different area from Basrah, fifty six of them (16,2%) were identified as B. thuringiensis strains based on colony morphology , microscopic observation of spore position in the cell and genetic analysis . Most isolations were examined by multiplex PCR using for cry 1, cry 2, and cry 9 universal primers in order to identify the type of cry gene content of these isolations. 82% of the isolations amplified cry1 gene, 76% amplified cry9 and 21% amplified cry2 genes.In this study cloned cry1I gene is using specific primer to amplify full length of gene. The cry 1I gene (2169 bp) amplified product was inserted in to the Pst1 and BamH1 sites of pdrive cloning vector joining technique to produce the recombinant vector. The cloning vector then transformed in to E.coli HB101 and the transformant cells colonies were selected by ampicillin sensitive phenotype, the efficiency of transformation was also determined to be 7,8 ×105cfu/μg. After that the cry1I protein is purified from LB broth media supported with ampicillinand used this protein against Tuta absoluta larva within concentrations (100 μg/ml, 150μg/ml, 200μg/ml) .The effectiveness of the toxin is to kill the larvae were in the concentration of (200μg/ml) in the 24 hours after treatment, while least toxicity in the concentration (100μg/ml) need three days to kill all larva.

حياتية القوقع الدخيل Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck, 1822 في شط العرب - محافظة البصرة == Biological of the Invasive Snail Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822

اسم المؤلف: نادية جعفر كاظم البغدادي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحياة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study was concerned with some biological aspects of the invasive snail Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822) and for this purpose, monthly samples from Shatt Al - Arab banks in the area of Al - Salhia were collected during the period from October 2014 to September 2015. The study included the monthly variations in the density of snail , its egg masses and the population sizes. In the laboratory, the study included many aspects, these are the relationships between female weight with some measurements of its egg masses, embryonic development duration, hatching percentages under different temperatures, food consumption, salt acclimatization, growth under combined effect of salinity and temperature, effect of food type on growth of newly hatched snails and examine samples of snail to detect the infection with parasites if present. The density of the snail was ranged from four to 13 ind. /m2 recorded during January - February 2015 and October 2014 respectively, while the mean density of egg masses was from two to nine egg mass / m2 recorded during April 2015 and October 2014. The statistical analysis showed that the temperature had positive correlated with density of each of snails and its egg masses. On the otherhand, there are positive correlation between the density of each snail and its egg masses. The snails, which had been collected during the study period, were 19 - 68 mm in length, these measurements were classifying into five size classes. The size class 35 - 45 mm was dominanted for nine months, compared with the size class 55 - 65 mm that had less occurrence.The diameter of eggs varied from 2.5 - 4 mm. The 25°C is the most suitable temperature to get a high percentage of hatching and a short period of embryonic development. There was no significant correlation between the weight of the female and the number of its egg masses.The feeding experiment showed that the amount of food consumed lettuce mild during the study period 30 days by one individual ranged from 3 - 29g. The results of the acclimatization was referred to the ability of all size classes' snails to tolerate the low salinity 2.5 psu with 100% survival percentage, while the snails of size classes at least 10 mm and 10 - 25mm were able to tolerate the salinity of 11psu with 10% and 50% respectivly survival.There are variable effects of the combination of temperature and salinity on growth of newly hatched snails for 9 weeks experiment, these effects were reflected on the weight, length and width, and the highest of these measurements were recorded for snails of 2.5 psu - 27°C combination, while the lowest one was recorded in 7.5 psu - 10°C. The lowest survival percentage was 5% recorded for the individuals of 7.5 psu - 27 and 32°C, compared with 90% of distil water - 17°C. On the other hand, the optimum growth was in 2.5 psu all temperatures, while the optimum growth was in all salinities, and temperature of 27°C.The experimental study of five types of food fresh celery, fresh lettuce, fish food, mixed food and animal protein)on growth of newly hatched snails for 9 weeks. Showed that the mean weight, length and width of snails were depending on the food type. The mixed food gave significant increase in growth 382.1 mg weight, 10.10mm length and7.58mm width compared with the other types of food.The highest survival percentage 95% was recorded for the snails fed on celery, lettuce and fish food. The present study on the snail P. canaliculata does not record any infection by the larvae of parasites

تركيز بعض ملوثات الهواء في بعض المناطق الصناعية والحضرية من محافظة البصرة العراق == Concentration of some air pollutant in some industrial and urban areas from the province of Basrah - Iraq

اسم المؤلف: معتز حكمت عثمان
اسم المشرف: نايف محسن عزيز
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The current study was conducted, from October 2013 to September 2014, aimed to identify the temporal and spatial variations of air pollutants in stationary sites included Basrah oil refinery and southern gas company in addition to sources included intersections traffic in Basrah province (Alkzizah, Tigari and Jazaier streets).The results showed that in Basrah oil refinery the CO and SO2 concentration were less than the national and World Health Organization standards, while NOX were higher than the national and global standards reached 1ppm.The second site, which is southern gas company was as follows : CO gas was less than the national and global standards as well as NOX, while SO 2 was higher than the national and global standards reached 0.63 ppm.For intersections traffic sites (intersections)the results was as follows : CO was less than the national and global standards, while NOX was higher than the national and global standards reached 2.75ppm as well as SO2 at all intersections reached 0.65 ppm.Ambient air quality was recorded through the seasons of the year using the accurate measurement devices in various study sites of the province of Basrah. The results were indicated that the concentration of all the gases rate was higher in the winter than those recorded in summer due to the difference in climatic conditions, especially wind speed and direction, air temperature and moisture.The results showed a temporal and spatial variations in concentrations of studied air pollutants in ambient air interchanges traffic roads within the province of Basrah centerdue to difference in the rush hours , the activities of the various rights in traveling or shopping as well as the routine jobs procedure of the official working hours.The study showed variation in the concentrations of total suspended particles and black carbon among studied traffic intersection recorded highest concentration of black carbon at Quzaizah amounted to 27 μg/ m3 As the TSP recorded less concentrations 392 μg/ m3. But at the intersection of Tijari Street has concentrations of black carbon amounted to 11.3 μg/ m3 ,As for particles recorded 412 μg/ m3, either at the intersection of Jazair Street was recorded black carbon of 16.2 μg/ m3, As for particles amounted to 420 μg/ m3.All intersections have exceeded the global limitations of particles amounted of 150 μg/ m3 and local of 350 μg/ m3It can be concluded from the current study that the province of Basrah are polluted by air pollutant NOX gas in Basrah oil refinery and SO2 in the site Southern gas company NOX and SO2 at all intersections traffic sites located within the current study.

دراسة المسببات الميكروبية الشائعة للاسهال لدى الاطفال دون خمس سنوات من العمر وتوصيف عاثية الامعاء

اسم المؤلف: مروة محمود يعقوب
اسم المشرف: كوثر هواز مهدي | حيدر عبد الحسين مكلف
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The purpose of present study was to detection of Rotavirus A and Escherichia Coli from diarrhea cases in children, and characterization of E.coli phag, in addition to study some of factors that influence on Diarrhea.Stool samples were collected between 15/11/2014 and 1/4/2015 from children 0 to 59 months of age who were hospitalized in Basra hospital for women and children, Basra/Iraq. A total of 300 children with acute gastroenteritis were enrolled, including 199 males and 101 females.In this study among children with Diarrhea was 93/300 (31%) Rotavirus positive cases by Immunochromatographic (IC) test as monoinfection (1.66%), coinfection (26.34%), and mixing infections (3%). Out of 50 IC positives fecal samples were tested using electronic microscope, 50(100%) were found positive. A total of 80 stools were examined for Rotavirus using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The overall agreement was 68/80(85%).Furthermore, regardless of the types of infection, monoinfection or coinfection or mixing, Bacteria was isolated, including; 277/300 (92.33%) children had infections with Escherichia coli, 39/300 (13%) cases with Salmonella spp., While, Shigella spp. was reported in 12/300 (4.01%) samples. The identification of bacterial pathogens was later confirmed by Api 20 Enterobacteraceae system. Also parasitic causes were found in 6/300 (2%) samples.Overall, this study recorded 182 /300 (60.66%) of monoinfection cases including; 5 /300 (1.66%) with Rotavirus, 163 /300 (54.33%) with Escherichia coli, 6 /300 (2%) with Salmonella spp., 2 /300 (0.67%) with Shigella spp., 3 /300 (1%) with Entamoeba histolytica, 3 /300 (1%) with Giardia lamblia. Coinfection with another microorganism was observed in 109/300 (36.34%) cases, coinfection with Rotavirus and Escherichia coli were the most common and occurred in 75/300 (25%) cases.Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on Muller Hinton agar against five different antibiotics to 30 isolates of E. coli. The antibiotic resistance/susceptibility profile of E. coli isolates revealed that most of the isolates were resistant to three tested antibiotics (Trimethoprim, Ampicillin and Doxycyclin). The phage ɸEC - MH1 was isolation successfully from sewage. The phage titer was determined by serial dilution (10 - 1 to 10 - 9) of the sample by counting the number of plaque forming units (p.f.u.) for each dilution.Results revealed that dilution factor 10 - 2 was the best countable number of plaques. The statistical analysis was significantly decrease P≤ 0.05 in phage titer at the temperature 50C° and 65C° during different times comparing with phage titer at the temperature 37C°. Effects of chloroform on phage titer during different times were completely inactivated comparing with saline environments. Furthermore, regarding some clinical information; the present study showed that 66.33% of the males were more susceptible to the infection with highly significant (P<0.001) than females (33.67%). Mean age (mean ± standard deviation) of all positive cases was 11.02±12.3 months, and the age periods between (0 - 5) and (6 - 11) were significantly prone to the infection.Also, all cases were complained with diarrhea (100%), fever (82.34%), Vomiting (43%) then dehydration (2.67%). In addition, all positive cases become increased in December (32%) and city center (81%). This study showed positive cases increase (69%) of children with artificial feeding

قابلية بعض الطحالب الخضر - المزرقة المعزولة من بعض المسطحات المائية في محافظة البصرة / جنوب العراق على انتاج السموم == Capability of some blue - green algae isolated from some water bodies in AL - Basrah Governorate / Southern Iraq to the production of toxins

اسم المؤلف: مروة عبد الكريم عبيد
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الاحياء المائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية تشخيص وعزل وتنقية واكثار ثمانية انواع تابعة لثمانية اجناس من الطحالب الخضر - المزرقة من بعض المسطحات المائية لمحافظة البصرة جنوب العراق والتي تمثلت بكل من شط العرب ونهر العشار ونهر الخندق وهي كل من الانواع Merismopedia glauca وMicrocystis flos - aqueوNostoc commune وOscillatoria pseudogeminata واربعة منها عدت كتسجيل اول في العراق وتمثلت بكل من الانواع Lyngbya rubida وPseudanabaena limnetica وPhormidium laysanense وStigonema informe وقد شخصت قابليتها على انتاج كل من السم العصبي Anatoxin - a والسموم الكبدية Microcystins كما ونوعا لاول مرة محليا وعالميا. تم قياس منحنى النمو للانواع المعزولة والمنقاة بعد تنميتها في الوسط الزرعي السائل Chu - 10 كما قيس كل من ثابت النمو(k)Growth constant والذي بلغ 0.195 و0.197 و0.246 و0.25 و0.278 و0.29 و0.528 وزمن تكاثر الجيل (G)Generation time بلغ 1.543 و1.527 و1.223 و1.204 و1.082 و1.037 و0.570 يوم لانواع الطحالب M. glauca وM. flos - aque وP. limnetica وPh. laysanense وO. pseudogeminata وL. rubida وN. commune على التوالي. نقي السم العصبي Anatoxin - a والسموم الكبدية Microcystins من انواع الطحالب الخضر - المزرقة المعزولة والمنقاة خلال الدراسة الحالية وشخص كما ونوعا بواسطة تقنية الامتزاز المناعـــــي المرتبــــــــط بالانزيــــــم Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) وقـــد حددت تراكيز السم العصبي المنقــى من الانواع M. flos - aque وN. commune وL. rubida وS. informe وPh. Laysanense وO. pseudogeminata وM. glauca وP. limnetica والتي بلغت 0.357 و0.511 و0.598 و0.635 و0.705 و1.119 و1.156 و1.179مايكروغرام/ لتــــر علــــى الترتيب , اما فيما يخص قابليــة الانـــواع على انتاج السموم الكبدية فقد بلغت 0.973 و6.128 و1.309 و1.753 و6.209 و3.855 و1.733 و3.701 مايكروغرام/لتر على الترتيب . اوضح اختبار طيف الاشعة فوق البنفسجية امتلاك السم العصبي Anatoxin - a المنقى قمة امتصاص واحدة عند الطول الموجي 226 نانومتر, وكذلك اظهرت السموم الكبدية المنقاة قمة امتصاص واحدة عند الطول الموجي 240 نانومتر , كما بين اختبار طيف الاشعة تحت الحمراء احتواء كلا النوعين من السموم على معظم المجاميع الفعالة المكونة للسموم القياسية لها. حددت الجرعة نصف القاتلة (LD50) Lethal dose concentration للكتل الحية للانواع الثمانية تجاه يرقات الحيوان اللافقري القشري Artemia salina وقد اظهرت النتائج ان للطحالب المعزولة والمنقاة سميـــة عالية بدرجات متفاوتة تجاه يرقات الحيوان القشري وان الانواع المنتجة للسم العصبي Anatoxin - a وبتراكيز عالية كانت الاكثر سمية لليرقات مقارنة بالانواع الاخرى المنقاة خلال الدراسة ، اذ بلغت نصف الجرع القاتلة لها 29.183 و30.66 و30.716 و33.466 و34.566 و35.866 و36.933 و37.8 مليغرام/مليلتر لكل من الطحالب P.limnetica وM. glauca وO. pseudogeminata وS.informe وPh. Laysanense وN. commune وL.rubida وM.flos - aque على الترتيب . كما حددت الجرعة نصف القاتلة (LD50) للسم العصبـــيAnatoxin - a المنقى من الطحلب الاخضر المزرق P.limnetica تجاه يرقات الحيوان اللافقري القشري A. salina والتي بلغت 0.498 مايكروغرام/لتر ، وحددت ايضا الجرعة نصف القاتلة للسموم الكبدية Microcystins المنقاة من الطحلب الاخضر المزرق Ph. Laysanense والتي بلغت 2.59 مايكروغرام/لتر . درست التاثيرات النسجية للسم العصبي Anatoxin - a المنقى من الطحلب الاخضر المزرق السام P. limnetica لاول مرة محليا وعالميا على دماغ الفئران المختبرية البيضاء نوع Mus musculus L تحت تراكيز واطئة من السم العصبي هي 0.5 و1 مايكروغرام/لتر لفترة تعرض امتدت لخمسة عشر يوما وقد لوحظ ازدياد التاثيرات بازدياد التركيز, وقد اظهرت نتائج الفحص المجهري عند التركيز 0.5 مايكروغرام/لتر بداية حدوث كل من حالة التفجي Vacuolation والتنخر Necrosis في منطقة المادة البيضاء White matter بالاضافة الى تغلظ انوية الخلايا المساعدة Karyopyknosis وبداية احتقان الاوعية الدموية Congestion واضمحلال النسيج الطلائي المبطن لها , كما اظهر الفحص حدوث انكماش Shrinkage للخلايا العصبية المكونة لمنطقة المادة الرمادية Gray matter فضلا عن حدوث انحسارا في سمكها مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة وقد ازدادت التاثيرات بازدياد التركيز الى 1مايكروغرام/لتر فقد لوحظ اضافة الى التاثيرات السابقة اضمحلال كبير في سمك المادة الرمادية وقلة نسبة الخلايا العصبية فيها مع ازدياد حالات الانكماش ، اضافة الى اضمحلال الخلايا المساعدة واختفاء الخلايا الاندوثيلية المبطنة للاوعية الدموية وانتفاخ بعضها وحدوث التوسع Dilation والاحتقان بشكل اكبر , كما لوحـــظ انه وبارتفاع التركــــيز ازدياد حالة التفجـــي وظهور المادة البيضاء بشكل اسفنجي Spongiform shape وازداد التنخر وظهور حالات فرط التصبغ Hyperpigmentation لسايتوبلازم الخلايا بازدياد التركيز مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة. كما سجلت بعض التاثيرات السلوكية للسم العصبي Anatoxin - a على الفئران المختبرية اثناء فترات الحقن بالسم العصبي تمثلت بفقدان الوزن اذ وجد انخفاضا معنويا p≤0.05 في معدل اوزان الفئران المعاملة بالسم بعد خمسة عشر يوما لكلا التركيزين مقارنة مع فئران مجموعة السيطرة بالاضافة لحدوث فقدان البصر(العمى) وتساقط الشعر بشكل واضح بعد (7 - (10ايام من الحقن . | The current study included the identification, isolation, purification and cultivation of eight species belonging to eight genus of blue - green algae from some of the water bodies of Basrah Governorate/ Southern Iraq,These included Shatt al - Arab river, Al - Ashar and Al - kandak River. The algal species included Merismopedia glauca, Microcystis flos - aque, Nostoc commune , Oscillatoria pseudogeminata, Four of them were first recorded in Iraq : Lyngbya rubida, Pseudanabaena limnetica, Phormidium laysanense and Stigonema informe. Their ability to produce both anatoxin - a and microcystins was quantified and qualified determined for the first time locally and globally.The growth curve of isolated and purified species was measured after their development in the Chu - 10 liquid medium as measured the growth constant(k) which reached to 0.195, 0.197, 0.246, 0.25, 0.278, 0.29 and 0.528, and the generation time(G) which reach to 1.543, 1.527 and 1.223, 1.204, 1.082, 1.037 and 0.570 hour for the algal species M. glauca, M. flos - aque , P. limnetica, Ph. laysanense, O. pseudogeminata, L. rubida and N. commune , respectively. Neurotoxin (Anatoxin - a) and hepatotoxin (Microcystin) was purified from the blue - green algal species isolated and purified during the current study and quantified and qualitatively by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The concentration of purified neurotoxin has been identified as algae M. flos - aque, N. commune , L. rubida, S. informe, L. laysanense, O. pseudogeminata, M. glauca and P.limnetica, which were 0.357, 0.511, 0.598, 0.635, 0.705, 1.119, 1.156 and 1.179 μg/L respectively, While concerning the ability of the species to produce hepatotoxin (Microcystins) it has reached 0.973, 6.128, 1.309, 1.753, 6.209, 3.855, 1.733 and 3.701 µ/L respectively.The Ultraviolet spectrum test showed that the neurotoxin ( Anatoxin - a) had a single absorbance peak at a wavelength of 226 nm , and also the purified hepatotoxin (MCs) showed single absorbance peak at wavelength 240 nm. The infrared spectrum test showed that both types of toxins were present on most of the active constituents or active groups of their standard toxins.The half lethal dose concentration (LD50) of the biomass of the eight species of blue - green algae was determined towards the animal crustacean invertebrates larvae Artemia salina. The results showed that the algal species had high toxicity towards the crustacean animal larvae and that the algae that produce the anatoxin - a at higher concentrations compared to other algae in this study was the most toxic to the larvae as the LD50 reached 29.183, 30.66, 30.716, 33.466, 34.566, 35.866, 36.933 and 37.8 mg / mL for the algae P. limnetica, O. pseudogeminata, M. glauca and S .informe, L. Laysanense, N. commune , L.rubida and M. flos - aque respectively. The half lethal dose concentration (LD50) of neurotoxin(Anatoxin - a) purified from blue - green alga P. malimnica against the larvae of Artemia salina, which reached 0.498 μg/L, while the half - lethal dose concentration reach to 2.59 μg/L for purified hepatotoxin (Microcystin) from the blue - green alga Ph. Laysanense The histopathological effects of neurotoxin anatoxin - a purified from P. limnetica for the first time locally and globally on the brain of white mice type Mus muscules L. were studied under low concentrations of neurotoxin (Anatoxin - a) 0.5 and 1 μg / L for a 15 - day exposure period and increased effects were observed with increased concentration. The results of the microscopic examination at concentration 5µg/L showed begin of occurrence vacuolation ,necrosis in white matter in addition of karyopiknosis of glial cells nuclei, and the beginning of congestion of blood vessel and the decay of the epithelial tissue lining the blood vessel. As demonstrated by the examination the begin of occurrence shrinkage of neuron constituent of the gray matter area as well as less thickness of the gray matter compared with control group . The effects were increased with an increase in concentration to 1 μg/L. In addition to the previous effects, there was a significant deterioration in the thickness of the gray matter and the low percentage of neurons with increasing shrinkage in addition to decay of glial cells in white matter and disappearance or swelling of endothelial cells lining the blood vessel and the expansion dilation , greater congestion , vacuolation and appearance of white matter in spongiform shape, addition to increased necrosis, and hyperpigmentation compared to the control group.Some of the behavioral effects of anatoxin - a were recorded on laboratory mice during periods of injection of neurotoxin represented by weight loss. A significant decrease under probability level p ≤ 0.05 was observed in the weight of mice treated with both concentrations of toxin after 15 days compared with mice in control group , In addition to the loss of sight (blindness) and hair loss thick after 7 - 10 days of injection

حساسية وخصوصية تقنية تفاعل السلسلة المتبلمرة Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR وبعض الطرق المصلية في الكشف عن الاصابت بطفيلي Toxoplasma gondii في النساء المجهضات وازواجهن == Sensitivity and specificity of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Technique and some Serological methods in the detection of the infection with parasite Toxoplasma gondii in women with recurrent miscarriage and their husban

اسم المؤلف: فيحاء نوري عبد الحسن
اسم المشرف: صبيح هليل المياح | شيماء جبار ريسان
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحياة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Atotal of 300 blood samples were collected from abortifacients women and their husbands who consalted Al Sadr Teaching Hospital in Maysan province and private laboratories in Basra during the period from July 2015 to October 2015, In the same time 50 samples of uninfected males and femals were collected and used as a control groupAtotal of 300 blood samples were collected from abortifacients women and their husbands who consalted Al Sadr Teaching Hospital in Maysan province and private laboratories in Basra during the period from July 2015 to October 2015, In the same time 50 samples of uninfected males and femals were collected and used as a control group . The examination by Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA) demonstrated that 160 (53.3%) of these samples were positive for toxoplasmosis , at rate of 53.3% , IgG antibody recorded an increase in percentage comparing with IgM and IgG + IgM together , IgG antibody recorded increase in the 138 samples at rate % In PCR technique two genes B1 and Tghsp70 were used to diagnose the same samples for the first time in Iraq and showed highest sensitivity (90.7%) . However age group 31 - 35 years recorded a high percentage of infection (90.5%) . The sensitivity of LAT test for detection of the toxoplasmosis was 80% , ELFA test recorded sensitivity 53.3% and PCR 90.7% with specificity were 60%, 53,3% and 70.7% respectively . Also the concentration of heat shock protein HSP70 in abortifacients of women and their husbands has been estimated , according to concentrations of 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320(ng/ml).II SummaryWhen examined used by ( LAT) test the results showed that males differ fromfemales with a significant difference P≤0.05 , the rate of males were 70% in theconcentration 160ng/ml , But it was observed that women with recurrent abortion, had higher rate 30.8% with high significant difference at the level of probabilityP≤0.01 in the concentration 80ng/ml , compared with males . The results of theage groups showed had highest levels of heat shock protein HSP70 were in theage group (>40) years at rate 66.7% in a concentration 320ng/ml and with highsignificant difference P≤0.01 compared with other age groups, While the agegroup (20 - 25) years had higher rate 11.4% in concentration 20ng/ml comparedwith other age groups , also the age group (26 - 30) years had higher rate 23.3%and 56.7% in concentrations of 80ng/ml and 160ng/ml respectively comparedwith other age groups.The results of estimated heat shock protein for the samples examined by ELFAtest showed that husbands were different from their wives and had higherrate75% with high significant difference P≤0.01 in concentration 160ng/ml .While the ratio of females were 37.5% in the concentration 320ng/ml higher thanthe males with a significant difference P≤0.05 , Also the result showed highsignificant difference P≤0.01 in concentration 160ng/ml and 320ng/ml betweenthe age groups , the age group (35 - 31) years had higher rate 66.7% inconcentration 160ng/ml and the age group (>40) years in concentration320ng/ml had higher rate 66.7%.As well the results of estimated heat shock protein HSP70 of the samplestested by PCR assay in the current study showed a significant difference P≤0.05between males and females , while the ratio of males at rate 59.4% higher thanthe ratio of women in a concentration 160ng/ml , but the rate of women understudy in concentrations 40ng/ml and 80ng/ml were at rate 11.8% and 27.2% ,respectively higher than the males with high significant difference P≤0.0 , onthe other hand no significant difference showed in this study between males andfemales in concentrations 20ng/ml and 320ng/ml , but the results showed thatage group (>40) years had higher rate 66.7% in the concentration 160ng/mlcompared with other age groups . While the age groups (20 - 25) years had higherrate 22.9% in concentration 80ng/ml compared with other age groups . So theage group (36 - 40) years had higher rate 14.3% in concentration 20ng/mlcompared with other age groups .Ministry of Higher Education University of Basrah Sensitivity and specificity of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Technique and some

التشخيص المظهري والتغاير الوراثي لذباب القرعيات Dacus frontalis Becker ,1922 في محافظتي البصرة وميسان == Morphological identification and genetic variation of cucurbit fly Dacus frontalis Becker ,1922 in Basrah and Missan provinces

اسم المؤلف: فاطمة قاسم حمدان
اسم المشرف: فائزة عبد الوهاب احمد
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحياة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study is identified (morphologic and molecular )for the population of cucurbit fly which is a destructive pest of cucumber ,honey melon and cantaloupe in Basrah and Missan .Sample were collected from different region from Basrah province including Qurna , Safwan , Zubair , Khor Al - Zubair . Al - Misharah , Kumate , Kalat Salih, Ali Al - Garbi in Missan province for the period October ,2014 till September 2015.Result of the identification study showed there is only one species infect cucurbits which is Dacus frontalis Becker ,1922,family Tephritidae ,Order Diptera in all studied regions. This species was classified according to femur color of the middle leg ,its color is orange at the apical half with dark black spot at the basal part of the antenna with the presence of basal diagonal line underneath the scutum behind the thorax. female were characterized by the presence of ovipositor at the end of the abdomen and male characterized by present s one line of hair at the third of the abdomen ring .For the sensitivity of the insect fly cucurbits towards our fruits of cucurbits (cucumber and water melon represented by the number of eggs laid down by the female as it appeared no significant difference in the number of eggs laid down by the female in the provinces of Basra, Maysan and was the highest rate of lay eggs on the fruits of cucumbers choice of six eggs and a difference of moral on water option, which amounted to one egg.Molecular study show the kit equipped Bioneer company and named Genomic DNA Extraction kit was highly efficient in DNA Extraction it was later used in the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA - Polymerase Chain Reaction which is one of the methods used in molecular identification .Used four primers for different sequence s. and electrophoresis results shows multiplied bands of different molecular weight for four different primers for both females and males .The number and molecular weight of bands was calculated manually comparative with DNA marker or ladder then used the number of bands in the following equation to find the genetic similarity and genetic distance between the different districts each primer for males and females .To find genetic similarity used the equation : Sfy=2Nfy/Nf+ Ny and to findgenetic distance used the equation : GD fy=1 - SfyAt the level of first primer for females it was less value of genetic distance is zero and this is evidence that one species and highest value of genetic distance is 0.9 on the second level of the primer for females it was less value of genetic distance is 0.2 and highest value of genetic distance is one at the third primer for females it was less value of genetic distance is 0.3 and highest value of genetic distance is one but the fourth primer for females it was less value of genetic distance is 0.3 and highest value of genetic distance is one .For males at the level of first primer of males it was less value of genetic distance is zero and highest value is 0.8 but the second primer of males it was the less value for genetic distance is 0.8 and on the level of genetic distance is zero on the level of third primer for males it was value of genetic distance is zero and highest value is 0.8 and fourth of males it was the less value of genetic distance is zero and highest value of genetic distance is 0.8

دراسة الطفيليات الداخلية والخارجية في وعلى انواع مختلفة من الحشرات

اسم المؤلف: علا عبد الشهيد ناصر
اسم المشرف: كاظم صالح حسن الهدلك | مسلم عبد الرحمن الطعمة
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحياة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Present study was carried out to isolate and identify the worms nematodes found in the soil, and could be used as a means of biological control against insects, it has also been to isolate and identify Mites present on or within different types of economic and other insects, which were represented by the American cockroaches Periplaneta americana ( Dictyoptera; Blattiidae). And houseflies Musca domestica (Diptera : Muscidae), Persian and ants belonging to the family; Formcidae) Hymenoptera), flour beetles Tribolium castaneum (Tenebrionidae; Coleoptera), and the termites Microcerotermes diversus( Isoptera; Kalotermitidae))The study samples (soil and insects)were collected from different regions and ecosystem of the province of Basra, during the period of the month of December 2014 to the month of September 2015. By setting traps, appropriate and specifically designed for this purpose, that supplied with special food to attract nematodes in the soil and catch insects found in those ecosystem, . and also to determine the best ways to isolate samples preserved and propagate them..Also, the study dealt with experiments for the propagation of the mites (which collect from insect samples) in the laboratory,by growth them on different growth media, for the purpose of immunological and genetic study, and the ability to be used in bio resistance and also to determine the sensitivity of the laboratory mice, that attacked by the mites through conducting hitological study of the skin of these animals..Results recorded two types of endo parasitic nematodes these areFamily : Steinernematidae1 - Steinernema feltiae2 - S. carpocapsaeAnd five species of mites, these areFamily : Histiomatidae2 - Histiostoma sp1 Family : Acaridae 1 - Cosmoglyphus barbisetusgrifolapholiotae 2 - Mycetosancassania Family : Macrochelidae Vitzthum, 1930 Macrocheles muscaedomesticae Family : Pyemotidaepymephorus tarsalis
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