First pages:

فصل وتنقية الكلايكوماكروببتايد من شرش حليب الابقار والماعز وتوصيفه كمضاد اكسدة == Separation and Purification of Glycomacropeptide From Whey Protein of Cow and Goat Milk and its Characterization as Antioxidant

Author name: بشائر عبد المطلب محمد حسن

Supervisor name: علي خضير جابر الركابي | حيدر ابراهيم علي

General topic: Agricultural sciences

Specific topic: Food

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: This study was conducted in order to purify glycomacropeptide from both whey goat and cow. Thereafter, The molecular properties of purified glycomacropeptide and its effects as antioxidant were studied. Furthermore, the ability of pasteurized milk, unpasteurized milk, and whey protein for each used milk were studied to measure their effects as antioxidants. The results were as follow : 1 - Glycomacropeptide protein was separated using TCA method and boiling temperature method with alcohol. The TCA method showed sufficient results by giving more production with high activity for isolated protein compared to temperature method with alcohol, thus TCA method was used in this study. Sephadex G - 25 was used to purify both whey goat and cow. After that, electrophoresis technique was assigned by using polyacrylamide gel in order to be sure about the purity of isolated protein (one band).2 - The percentage of carbohydrate, protein, sialic acid of glycomacropeptide from both whey goat and cow were 27.5%, 32 %, 19.9%, 25%, 12% and 17 %, respectively.3 - The molecular weight of glycomacropeptide protein was 27 kDa and 29 kDa for both cow milk and goat milk, respectively.4 - The ability of pasteurized milk, unpasteurized milk, and whey protein for each used milk were studied to measure their effects as antioxidants. The results were as follow : A : The antioxidant activity of glycomacropeptide protein from goat milk was more effective to prevent linoleic acid oxidation compared to cow milk, while whey protein had less antioxidant activity compared to glycomacropeptide.B : Glycomacropeptide protein exhibited high values of H2O2 scavenging activity. The scavenging activity was 92.145 % and 95.678 % at concentration 5 mg/ml compared to ascorbic acid and rutin, which were 76.955 % and 66.920%, respectively.C : The reducing power was 139.21 % and 96.13 % compared to others samples, while the reducing power was less than tocopherol and BHT, which were 195.8 % and 226.48 %, respectively.D : Glycomacropeptide protein exhibited higher ferric - reducing activity at 5 mg/ml, while ferric - reducing activities of goat and cow milk were 89.696 % and 98.269 % for EDTA and citric acid, respectively.E : The stability of Glycomacropeptide protein and whey protein was determined as antioxidants through controlling three variables (temperature, pH and synergistic factor). Glycomacropeptide protein of goat milk showed higher stability compared to the whey at 75 mg/ml in all used variablesF : Glycomacropeptide protein from goat and cow milk was added to stored fish oil at 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 g/ g at 45 C for 50 days. The results revealed that the hydrogen peroxide and TBA were decreased using 0.08 g/g .

السليكون في خفض تاثير ملوحة مياه الري وسمية بعض العناصر الثقيلة في نمو نبات الذرة الصفراء Zea mays L. == Role of Silicon in Decreasing Salinity of Irrigation Water and Toxicity of Some Heavy Metals in Growth of Corn Crop (Zea mays L.)

Author name: بسام مزهر كاظم محمد علي السعيدي

Supervisor name: محمد مالك ياسين

General topic: Agricultural sciences

Specific topic: Soil and Water

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: Two agricultural experiments were conducted to study the role of silicon in reducing the effect of salinity of irrigation water and toxicity of some heavy metals (Cd,Mn, and Pb) and growth of maize plant ( Zea mays L. ). The first experiment was consists five levels of silicon ( 0 , 75 , 150 , 225 and 300 mg Si Kg - 1 soil ) as the form of potassium silicate ( K2SiO3 ) which was added with irrigation water prepared previously in four saline levels with electrical conductivity ( 2 , 4 , 6 and 8 dSm - 1 ) to field capacity level. These four levels of saline water were added to two different soils , Abu - Al khasib soil (silty clay loam) and Al - Zubeir soil ( loamy sand) soil .The experiment was conducted in plastic pots by using factorial experiment with three factors 2 × 5 × 4 (soils × silicon levels × irrigation water salinity levels ) with three replicates to be 120 units for all experiment . After two months of planting, the shoot and root of plant were collected and dry weight of each them was recorded. Silicon , nitrogen , phosphorus , potassium , calcium , magnesium and sodium concentration were measured, at the same the time uptake of these elements and potassium to sodium ratio were measured . leaf area , electrolyte leakage , and electrical conductivity ( EC ) of soil were measured after planting.In general and in most of them, the results pointed out that there was an increasing in all studied parameters with the increasing of silicon levels with statistical differences especially in the level 300 mg Si Kg - 1 soil where the percentage of this treatment was superior in contrast with control where was more than 209% of dry weight of shoot and nearly 200% of dry weight of root.The results indicated that Abul - Kaseeb soil was surpassed with most studied parameters significantly. There was a significant effects of salinity water in decreasing all plant parameters, while the bi and tri interactions treatments didn't reach significant effect for shoots and roots accept cadmium and magnesium concentration .Four levels of silicon ( 0 , 75 , 150 and 300 mg Si Kg - 1 soil ) with three heavy metals ( Cd , Mn and Pb ). Cadmium ( 0 , 5 , 10 , 15 mg Cd Kg - 1 soil ) , manganese ( 0 , 200 , 400 , 800 mg Mn Kg - 1 soil ) lead ( 0 , 200 , 400 , 600 mg Pb Kg - 1 soil ), in second agricultural experiment were used in pot experiment for Abu - Al khasib soil with complete randomized design of factorial experiment with two factors ( 4 × 4 ) ( silicon level × element level ) with three replicates to confirm 48 units for each element . After 60 days of planting , the plants wereharvested and collected for both shoot and root , dry weight of each of them were recorded . ( Si , Cd , Mn and Pb ) contention in shoot and root were measured. The results appeared that there was superior of dry weight, Si contention of root and shoot due to Si addition in contrast with the control in all studied treatments of heavy metals specially level 300 mg Si Kg - 1 soil . As well , addition heavy metals in its most lead to decreasing weight of shoot and root with statistical differences whereas this addition of heavy metals leads to increasing of plant concentration from them with significant levels. As regards twofold interaction effect , of addition Si with heavy metals on growth parameters was no statistical differences of most of treatments except interaction effect of ( Cd contention ) in Cd treatment , dry weight of Mn experiment , Si contention , Pb concentration in Pb experiment for both of shoot and root were significant differences .

استجابة اصناف من محصول الباقلاء Vicia faba .L لمستويات من سماد NPK والعناصر الصغرى == Response of brod bean Cultivars ( Vicia faba L.) to NPK fertilizer levels and trace elements A ThesisA

Author name: بسام مفتن اوحيد

Supervisor name: وليد عبد الرضا جبيل السباهي | كفاح عبد الرضا جاسم

General topic: Agricultural sciences

Specific topic: Plant - Field Crops

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: Field experiment was hold during the winter growing season (2015 - 2016) in Al - Qurna district located 80 km north of Basra city in clay - loam soil. The aim of this scenario was to study the effect of four levels of compound fertilizer with some of trace elements in the growth characteristics and yield quality for three cultivars of broad bean (Vicia faba L.). Split - plot was arranged in Randomized complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) with three replicates. The main plots had the first factor that was fertilizer (10 - 10 - 30) NPK levels (zero, 100, 200 and 300 kg NPK ha - 1), which its symbolized by (F0, F1, F2 & F3) respectively. Sub plots had the second factor (the cultivars), which they were Aquadeljy (Turkish), Wakwadolus (Holland) and Los De Aotono (Spanish), which its symbolized by (V1, V2 & V3) respectively. The results showed the V1 cultivar significantly superior in number of days from planting to the first flower appearance by (61.25 days), but the highest level of 100 seed weight (119.80 g) was recorded by V2 cultivar. On the other hand, V3 cultivar recorded the highest level of seed yield, biological yield, protein yield and protein percentage in which they was (3717, 7623, 1171.4 kg ha - 1 and 30.50%) respectively. The other characteristics (plant height, plant tillers, number of pods in plant, seeds number per pod, yield per plant and harvest index) was not significant among the cultivars. On the other hand, treatment F0 of fertilizer showed the significant affect in the days from planting to the appearance of the first flower (58.67 days), but the treatment F3 appeared the highest level of plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, yield per plant, seeds yield, protein yield and protein percentage, which they was (82.2 cm, 10.10 pods plant - 1, 40.03 seed pod - 1, 47.2 g plant - 1, 4673 kg ha - 1, 1451.6 kg ha - 1 and 30.70 %) respectively. While the 100 seeds weight was recorded at the treatment F1, the other characteristics such as biological yield and harvest index did not affected by the fertilizer treatments . The combination among the treatments wassignificant just in number of pods in plant and protein percentage, whereas the combination of V3F3 gave the highest number of pods per plant (11.80 pod plant - 1) and protein percentage (32.7%) .

Author name: ازهار مكي نزال

Supervisor name: ازهار علي عبد الله الصابونجي | جبار خطار عبد الحسن

General topic: Agricultural sciences

Specific topic: Zoology - Fish And Marine Wealth

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Fish And Marine Wealth

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of aquatic plant Typha domingensis pers. and epipytic algae in improving the quality of water in South east Al - Hammar marsh. Four Stations were Selected , the first two stations are (AL - Mndhuri and AL - Daoudi) due to their location near and lack of vegetation, while the third and fourth stations Al - Zerki and AL - Burgah were selected Depending on the presence of high density of aquatic plants which dominated by T. domingensis , These are Al - Zerki and AL - Burgah. Water, aquatic plant and sediments samples were collected monthly from the selected stations from December 2014 until November 2015. Physical, Chemical and biological variables were measured, Air temperature was between (12.5 - 46.7)C◦ in Dec. and Aug. respectively, water temperature ranged between (11.2 - 42. 4) C◦ in Dec. and Aug. respectively, Salinity concentration ranged between (2.57) ‰ in Feb. and(6.59) ‰ in Sep. , Transparency at ranged between (42) cm in Jun and(74)cm in Dec. , Current velocity ranged between (0.26) m/sce in Feb. and( 0.59) m/sce in Aug. , pH was range between (5.7) in Jul. to(8.4) in Nov. , Dissolved oxygen ranged between (5.64) mg/l in May and(10.72) mg/l in Dec. , while the Biological Oxygen Demand was ranged between (0.72) mg/l in Nov. and(3.71) mg/l in Aug. , nitrate ranged between (2.61) μg/l in Apr. and(12.81) μg/l in Aug. ,while the reactive phosphate ranged from (0.27) μg/l in Sep. and( 0.93) μg/l in Aug. ,Total phosphorus ranged between (0.76) μg atom P/l in Jun and Oct. and(1.68) μg atom P/l in Aug. ,Chlorophyll a in water was ranged value between (4.11) μg/l in Feb. and(19.6 ) μg/l in Sep. ,Coliform of the study area at the ranged between (129) cell/100 ml in Nov. and(1800) cell/100 ml in Aug..Percentage of total nitrogen and total phosphate were determined in T.domingenesis, which collected from Al - Zerki and Al - Burgah stations, results showed that the Total nitrogen content of the aquatic plant which ranged between (1.02)% in Feb. and (2.89 (% in Sep. ,While the content of the aquatic plant of total phosphorus was ranged between(0.2)% in Feb. and (0.83)% in Sep. .As well as determined the Lead and Cadmium elements , as a dissolved part in water and exchangeable part in the sediments, as well as content in T.domingenesis. The concentrations of lead as dissolved part in water rangedBbetween( ( 0.86 μg/l in Jul. and ( 3.1 ) μg/l in Apr. , and in the exchangeable part of the sediment between ( 0.78 ) μg/g in Aug. and ( 2.41 ) μg/g in Apr. , while the content in T. domingenesis ranged between ( 0.38 ) μg/g dry weight in Jan. and ( 0.71 ) μg/g dry weight in Aug. ,Whereas cadmium as dissolved part in water ranged between ( 1.0 ) μg/l in Nov. and ( 2.8 ) μg/l in Apr. ,while in the exchangeable part of the sediment ranged between (0.6) μg/g in Apr. and (2.0) μg/g in Mar. ,and ranged in the T. domingenesis between (0. 3) μg/g dry weight in Jan. and(0.6) μg/g dry weight in Aug. ,The value of organic carbon in sediments ranged between (0.162)% in Nov. and(0.458)% in Jul. .Carlson Trophic State (CTSI) Index were used, based on three variables, namely chlorophyll - a - , total phosphorus and transparency to assess the nutritional status according to the primary productivity, Al - Mndhuri and Al - Daoudi stations were evaluated to be mesotrophic category values ranged between (41.42 - 46.68) for Al - Mndhuri station and between (45.63 - 40.44) for Al - Daoudi station during the months of August and October respectively. while Al - Zerki station were ranged between (42.55) during August which classified as mesotrophic, and 38.69 in February which classified as oligotrophic, AL - Burgah station were evaluated as oligotrophic and values ranged from 39.45 during January and 25.6 during October. The rate of trophic state index were 43.14 , 42.68 , 40.24 and 32.24 for four stations, respectively. Study areas marsh were classified as mesotrophic (39.57).Organic pollution index were measured depending on three variables, namely nitrates, phosphorus and biological oxygen demand to determine the levels of organic pollution for study stations, and to assess the general level of the study area, The values ranged (43.91 - 82.68) at Al - Mndhuri station during the months of May and August, while ranged between (37.65 - 75.76) during the months of November and August for the Al Daoudi station, and values for Al - Zerki station were ranged between (27.88 - 52.51) during the months of October and August respectively, while at AL - Burgah station were (24.60 - 39.22) during September and February.Al - Mndhuri and Al - Daoudi stations were classified in general to be Deteriorated, While stations Al - Zerki and AL - Burgah were classified as Medium, with an annual rate (52.81, 50.29, 38.57, 32.17) for the four stations, respectively. The lower values at Al - Zerki and AL - Burgah stations wasCassociated with decline in values of different factor that used for measuring OPI due to the presence of aquatic plant with high density which acting as filters for water contributed to the improvement of the environmental situation of the study area.Two Laboratory experiments for Free surfaces system static and recycling was done, both of which had lasted for eleven days to compare the efficiency between Epiphytic algae, and T.domingenesis in removing nutrients, which included nitrates and phosphates as well as the reduction of biological oxygen demand. The percentages of removal were calculated for each two days, also the total percentages of removal were calculated at the end of the experiment.Results showed that Epiphytic algae have higher efficiency in removing of nitrates, phosphorus and in reduction biological oxygen demand. than T.domingenesis and at both systems static and recycling. The total percentages of removing nitrate , phosphate and reduction in biological oxygen demand by epiphytic algae were (60.0, 52.91,60.0)% respectively, at the static system, and (68.84, 57.61 , 68.91 )%, respectively, using recycling system, while the total percentages reduction using the aquatic plant for nitrate ,phosphate and biological - oxygen demand were (39.9, 21.42, 63.64)%, respectively, using static system, and ( 48.12, 31.42, 72.87)% respectively, using recycling system. The results showed that the reduction of nutrient by using recycling system is higher than a static system .