البحث — المستودع الرقمي العراقي

نتائج البحث: 25 من أصل 948

تقيم كفاءة مزيج مثبط التاكل لمحاكاة مياه التبريد باستخدام القطب الاسطواني الدوار == Evaluation of Corrosion Inhibitors Blend Efficiency For Simulated Cooling Waters Using Rotating Cylinder Electrode

اسم المؤلف: عبير عبد الخالق القصب

اسم المشرف: قاسم جبار سليمان

الموضوع العام: الهندسة الكيمياوية

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الهندسة الكيمياوية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية الهندسة - قسم الهندسة الكيمياوية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: تم بحث كفائة مثبط التاكل لمزيج من نتريت الصوديوم / سداسي فوسفات الصوديوم على تاكل الفولاذ الكربوني في محاكاة انظمة مياه التبريد من خلال فقدان الوزن وتقنية الاستقطاب الكهروكيميائية. شملت الدراسة تاثير درجة الحرارة30، 45، 60 ?م، سرعة الدوران 200، 600، 1000 | The corrosion inhibition action of a blend of sodium nitrite/sodium hexametaphosphate (SN+SHMP) on corrosion of carbon steel in simulated cooling water systems (CWS) has been investigated by weight loss and electrochemical polarization technique. The effects of temperature 30, 45, and 60 oC, rotational velocity 200, 600, and 1000 rpm, and salts concentrations (0.005 N, 0.01 N, 0.03 N, 0.05 N) NaCl + 0.0736 N Na2SO4 on corrosion of carbon steel were studied in the absence and presence of mixed inhibiting blend (SN+SHMP). Also, the effects of inhibitors blend concentrations of 600 ppm, and 800 ppm (SN+SHMP), at temperatures of 30, and 60 oC, and rotational velocity of 200 and 1000 rpm, on corrosion rate of carbon steel were studied using Second - order Rotatable Design (Box - Wilson Design) to identify the significant effects and interaction in performing weight loss studies and corrosion potential approach. Electrochemical polarization measurements were used to study the behavior of carbon steel in different salt concentrations of (CWS) with pH of 7.5 in absence and presence of the inhibiting blend. The results showed that increasing the temperature, rotational velocity, and NaCl salts concentration leads to an increase in the corrosion rate for both uninhibited and inhibited solutions. The regression model (Box - Wilson Design) that has been developed using experimental data was used to verify that the interaction term of temperature with inhibitors blend and the square term of inhibitors blend are significant for corrosion rate in 0.05 N NaCl solution while the main variables are not pronounced. Also, it is found that the corrosion rate decreases with increases in inhibitor blend concentration up to 800 ppm in 0.05 N NaCl solution. Inhibitor blend concentration of 600 ppm is highly effective giving a high efficiency in 0.005, 0.01 and 0.03 N NaCl solutions of 98.5%, 97.7%, and 96% respectively. Electrochemical polarization studies show that increasing the inhibitors blend concentration (SN+SHMP) shifts the corrosion potential to more noble value (more positive), indicating the anodic nature of the inhibiting blend used.

تاكل الفولاذ الكاربوني تحت ظروف الخلط في وسط ثنائي الطور لمحلول ملحي مع زيت الغاز وثنائي اوكسيد الكاربون والسيطرة علية بالحماية الكاثودية == Corrosion of Carbon Steel In Stirred Two Phase Media of Brine - Gas Oil And Brine - CO2 And Prevention By Cathodic Protection

اسم المؤلف: ساهر محمد عزيز

الموضوع العام: الهندسة الكيمياوية

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الهندسة الكيمياوية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة النهرين

اللغة: الانكليزية

النص الكامل من المصدر: https://nahrainuniv.edu.iq/sites/default/files/Combined_321.pdf

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Corrosion tests of carbon steel (CS) in single and two phase media of two immiscible liquids (CaCO3 solution - gasoil mixture) and liquid - gas (CaCO3 solution - CO2 gas) under different operating conditions of temperature, agitation velocity, phase fractions, gas flow rate, and immersion time were carried out using weight loss method and electrochemical polarization technique. Flat blade disc turbine mixer was used to simulate the two phase flow conditions.The ranges of operating parameters in two immiscible phase tests were agitation velocities of (0 - 1200 rpm), temperature of (25 - 45 oC), (1 - 10 vol %) gas oil. The effect of presence of acids such as HCl and H2SO4 on corrosion rate was also investigated under different conditions.Corrosion rate (iL) measurements in CO2 saturated solution were also attained in different operating conditions of temperatures(25 - 45 oC), agitation velocity (0 - 800 rpm), salts concentrations (2.5 × 10 - 3 to 9.9 × 10 - 3M), CO2 flow rate (0.142 to1.132 m3/h ), and immersion time by determining the limiting current density.The pH values, oxygen solubility, and electrical conductivity of tested solutions were measured under all to interpret the obtained result.The results revealed that increasing agitation velocity and temperature leads to an increase of the corrosion rate in single phase brine solution. The corrosion rate in brine - gasoil mixture is irregularly varied with concentration of gasoil and agitation velocity. The limiting current density in single phase CaCO3 increases with the increase in agitation velocity, concentration of brine, and temperature. The corrosion rate in two phase brine - CO2 mixture decreases with the increase of agitation velocity flow rate of CO2, temperature, and immersion time. The corrosion potential of Carbon steel under various conditions were determined and discussed.Cathodic protection was used to protect carbon steel in brine - CO2 mixture by using zinc as sacrificial anode under different operating conditions of flow rate of CO2, agitation velocity, and temperature. Good corrosion protection efficiency was attained.

تثبيط التكلسات في انظمة التناضح العكسي باستخدام مواد كيمياوية == Scale Inhibition In Reverse Osmosis Systems Using Chemical Materials

اسم المؤلف: زهراء احمد عبد الامير

اسم المشرف: نجوى صابر مجيد

الموضوع العام: الهندسة الكيمياوية

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الهندسة الكيمياوية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الهندسة - قسم الهندسة الكيمياوية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: تم في ھذا البحث دراسة تثبيط تكون تكلسات كاربونات الكالسيوم على سطح غشاء نظام تناضح عكسي باستخدام نوعين من مثبطات تكون التكلسات وھما كلوريد الزنك ومادة بوليمرية بتراكيز منخفضة ودراسة تاثير تغيير معدل جريان المحلول الداخل, حامضية المحلول الداخل, تركيز ال | The present study deals with the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) inhibition on the membrane surface of the reverse osmosis (RO) desalination system by using two types of scale inhibitors which are Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2) and Polyamino Polyether Methylene Phosphonate (PAPEMP) in low concentrations and study the effect of changing the feed solution flowrate, PH of the feed solution, concentration of the inhibition material and the type of the inhibitor used on the inhibition process. In this study a range of 10 - 25 l/h of feed solution flowrate was used, the concentration of CaCl2 was 610 mg/l, the concentration of NaHCO3 was 511 mg/l, the concentration of MgSO4 was 49 mg/l, the feed pH was in the range of 6 - 10, the operating pressure kept constant at 3 bars and the temperature washeld constant at room temperature (about 40 °C) through all experiments. The concentration of the feed solution was constant, but the concentration of the inhibitors was changed using 2, 4 and 8 mg/l of Zinc Chloride then using 8 and 15 mg/l of Polyamino Polyether Methylene Phosphonate The results showed that : Permeate rate increases as the feed flowrate increases while it decreases with time.Total dissolved solids decreases as the feed flowrate increases while it increases with time.Recovery rate decreases as the feed flowrate increases and it also decreases with time.Permeate rate, recovery rate and the total dissolved solids decreases as the inlet solution pH increases.Permeate rate and recovery rate increases while the total dissolved solids decreases when Zinc chloride or Polyamino Polyether Methylene Phosphonate was used.Permeate rate and recovery rate increases when Polyamino Polyether Methylene Phosphonate inhibitor was used more than the increment of them when Zinc chloride inhibitor was used.Total dissolved solids decreases when Zinc chloride inhibitor was used more than the diminution of them when Polyamino Polyether Methylene Phosphonate inhibitor was used.

معالجة الماء من حقول النفط باستخدام محاليل ايونية في منظومة التعويم بالهواء المذاب == Treatment of Oilfield Produced Water Using Ionic Liquids In A Dissolved Air Flotation System

اسم المؤلف: اوس عباس فاضل

اسم المشرف: سوسن عبد مسلم محمد | سعدي كاظم عبد الحسين

الموضوع العام: الهندسة الكيمياوية

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الهندسة الكيمياوية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الهندسة - قسم الهندسة الكيمياوية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: في العراق معدل تراكيز الزيوت والشحوم (OG) في الماء المنتج يجب الا يتجاوز 09 ملغم\لتر. ولذلك فانه يتطلب معالجة المياه المنتجة بغية تلبية الحد التنظيمي للتصريف مسبقا.تم جلب نماذج الماء المنتج الخام من شركة نفط الوسط ) Md.O.C ( من الحقول النفطية من شرق بغد | In Iraq the average Oil and Grease (OG) in water concentration in discharge produced water must not exceed 10ppm. Therefore treatment of produced water is required in order to meet the pre - disposal regulatory limit.Raw produced water samples were procured from the Middle oil company (Md.O.C) (from East of Baghdad fields).Jar tests experiments were used to give a first, rough estimation for coagulants dosage of Ferric chloride and aluminum sulfate and pH values that will be used in the batch Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) experiments. Then, the effects of the three ionic liquids (ILs) types; 1 - hexyl - 3 - methylimidazolium tetra fluoroborate (ILE), 1 - hexyl - 3 - metylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (ILF) and 1 - octyl - 3 - methylimidazolium tetra fluoroborate (ILG) on the performance of the batch DAF unit were evaluated.It was concluded that, the beast operating conditions of the batch DAF unit were at a saturation pressure of 5 bar, recycle ratio of 50% and ambient temperature of 30 - 35 ?C. Ferric chloride with a dosage of 10 ppm was chosen as the suitable coagulant due to its low sensitivity to pH change, and its high removal efficiency for oil and turbidity in about ten minutes. ILs were used at concentration of 50 ?l per one liter of treated produced water. It was used in two positions of the DAF system; the saturation vessel and the treatment tank. The OG removal efficiency using ILG as an efficient surfactant in saturation vessel was higher than that in the treatment tank and higher than other ILs (ILG>ILF>ILE). The highest demulsification rates were obtained through saturation pressure range (2 - 5) bar. It reached about 90% removal efficiency at a pressure of 5 bar, and it was obtained 85% at saturation pressure of 3 bar which reduces the operation costs. The treated water concentration at 3bar was 9.5 ppm which meets the Iraqi pre - disposal regulatory limit.The results of testing the three ILs (ILE, ILF and ILG) in the saturation vessel and the treatment tank were used to produce contour line for the OG removal efficiency. This was conducted in order to detect the performance of the three ILs The results of optical microscope which was used to study coalescence of oil droplets in water phase, lead to consider the ILG as an effective demulsifier for Iraqi oil field produced water It was noted that the use of ILs in saturation vessel allowed micro bubble generation at operating pressures lower than 3 bar with high - energy savings.

اداء الحماية الكاثودية لخطوط الانابيب == Performance of Cathodic Protection For Pipe Lines

اسم المؤلف: انس ثائر علي

اسم المشرف: نصير عبود عيسى الحبوبي

الموضوع العام: الهندسة الكيمياوية

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الهندسة الكيمياوية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية الهندسة - قسم الهندسة الكيمياوية

اللغة: الانكليزية

النص الكامل من المصدر: https://nahrainuniv.edu.iq/sites/default/files/ANAS%20THESIS%20.pdf

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: ان تاكل الهياكل المعدنية المدفونة في التربة والتي على اتصال مع التربة لفترة طويلة تعتبر مشكلة هندسية واقتصادية كبيرة.في جميع انحاء العالم هنالك الكثير من انابيب النفط والغاز والماء وكابلات الاتصالات وكذلك صهاريج التخزين والمباني والاسسات والعديد من الهيا | The corrosion of metallic structures buried in soils or in contact with soils has long been a serious engineering and economic problem. All over the world millions of kilometers of gas, water, oil pipelines, communication cables, power cables as well as storage tanks, buildings foundations, and many other structures are buried in the soil, suffering from soil corrosion problems which affect mainly the external surfaces of these structures. In many countries pipelines are by far the most important means of hydrocarbon transportation. This applies to the transport of crude, finished products and natural gas.It is an international problem with more structures and materials buried in the soil. The truly international scope of interest of this subject can be seen by the amount of literature and researches in this field. Attempts have been made to overcome this problem by the use of various types of techniques. The most common and applicable technique is cathodic protection.In this research a carbon steel pipe of length 100 cm buried in a wooden box submerged by soil and impressed current cathodic protection system (ICCP).was applied using power supply and electrical closed circuit, several important factors affecting the pipe protection from corrosion has been studied, like Anode position (distance and depth), soil resistivity (wet and dry), condition the pipe (coated and un - coated), distribution of potential and currents along the pipe(cathode) and the amount of current required to achieve cathodic protection.A correlation was achieved to simulate the ranges of parameters and factors affecting Impressed Current Cathodic Protection. Regression of this model to data and results yielded parameter values vary depending on the effect of the same factor.

ازالة الكبريت بالامتزاز من النفثا الثقيلة العراقية بواسطة 13X زيولايت == Adsorption Desulfurization of Iraqi Heavy Naphtha Using 13X Zeolite

اسم المؤلف: موفق محمد يحيى

اسم المشرف: حسين قاسم حسين

الموضوع العام: الهندسة الكيمياوية

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الهندسة الكيمياوية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الهندسة - قسم الهندسة الكيمياوية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: اجري هذا العمل لدراسة تاثير الامتزاز الانتقائي في ازالة مركبات الكبريت من النفثا الثقيلة العراقية التي تم توريدها من مصفاة الدورة. انجزت عملية الامتزاز بواسطة 13 منخل جزيئي داخل العمود ذو الحشوة الثابتة. X 6?? - من ??5 LHSV وقد نفذ الامتزاز الانتقائي في | This work was conducted to study the effect of selective adsorption on removal of sulfur compounds from Iraqi heavy naphtha which was supplied from Al - Dura refinery. The adsorption was carried out by molecular sieve 13X in a fixed - bed column.The selective adsorption was run out at different operating conditions such as LHSV from 1.5 - 6.0 h P - 1 P , molecular sieve bed weight from 15 - 30 g , sulfur inlet concentration of feedstock from 600 - 1650 ppm, and adsorption temperature at 25 PoPC and 40 PoPC.The breakthrough time, breakpoint and saturation state ( bed replace point ) were determined for different operating conditions in addition to the ratio of accumulated effluent weight per bed weight. Also , regeneration possibility of 13X spent catalyst was studied by using oxidative technique at different temperatures and air flow rates.The results show that increasing in LHSV and inlet concentration makes the breakthrough curves more steeper , also the breakthrough time and breakpoint decreases. Increasing the bed weight will increase both the breakthrough time and breakpoint.The best operating conditions for removing sulfur compounds were LHSV 3.0 h - 1 , bed weight of molecular sieve about 20 g and 25oC temperature , where the sulfur content in a heavy naphtha was reduced from nearly 600 ppm to less than 1 ppm (by weight).Regeneration step was thermally took place by hot air flow in a range of 16.66 - 25 liter / min and temperature range from 200 - 350 oC , the best desorption conditions for (85.8%) weight percent removal were at 16.66 liter / min air flow and 350 oC.

دراسة الحركية ونمذجة تفاعل استرة حامض الاوليك باستخدام NaY زيولايت المحضر == Kinetic Study And Modeling of Olic Acid Esterification Over Prepared Nay Zeolite

اسم المؤلف: رويدة نزيه عباس

اسم المشرف: عمار صالح عباس

الموضوع العام: الهندسة الكيمياوية

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الهندسة الكيمياوية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الهندسة - قسم الهندسة الكيمياوية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: تم تحضير زيولايت من نوع استرة حامض الاوليك. اجريت فحوصات الاشعة السينية ونسبة الصوديوم ونسبة السيليكا الى الالومينا والمساحة السطحية والحجم المسامي للعامل المساعد المحضر.اظهرت الفحوصات التوافق بين العامل المساعد المحضر مع التركيب العام للزيولايت القياسي. | The NaY zeolite catalyst was prepared from locally available Iraqi kaolin in order to use it in the esterification reaction of oleic acid. X - ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy, sodium content, silica to alumina ratio, surface area and pore volume were determined for the prepared NaY zeolite. The results of x - ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy show that the prepared NaY zeolite has approximately the same crystal structure as the standard. The sodium content was 12.26 wt. %, and the silica to alumina mole ratiowas 2.6, surface area 330 m2/g and pore volume 0.35 cm3/g. Because of the oleic acid is one of the free fatty acids that can found in vegetable oils and animal fats. Oleic acid used as a suggested feedstock to study and simulate production of biodiesel via esterification reaction.Esterification reaction was analyzed at different operational conditions including the ethanol/oleic acid molar ratio of 3/1 and 6/1, different temperature from 40 to 70 °C, reaction time up to 180 minutes and catalyst (2, 5 and 10 wt. % NaY zeolite). The maximum conversion of oleic acid (about 0.83) was observed at 6/1 ethanol/oleic molar ratio, 70 °C reaction temperature, 10 wt. % NaY zeolite as a catalyst, and 60 minutes contact time. The study of the kinetics of the esterification reaction of oleic acid, indicated that the value of the activation energies of esterification ware 42692 and 17218 J/mol for forward and backward reaction respectively, and frequency factors were 7.2*104 (mol - 1/minute) for forward reaction and 4.5 (mol - 1.25/minute) for backward reaction. The values of reactants and products orders were 1, 1, 1.2 and 1 for oleic, ethanol, ester and water respectively.The statistical analysis of the esterification reaction and experimental data indicates that the average relative error was 1.53, within 0.95 confidence level.ReactOp cascade package simulator used for simulation the behavior of batch and plug flow reactors in different operating modes (adiabatic and isothermal) carried out at selected operating conditions Contents Contents.

عمليات التنافذ الامامي - العكسي لمعالجة المياه الملوثة بالزيوت == Forward - Reverse Osmosis Processes For Oily Wastewater Treatment

اسم المؤلف: نور حمود زغير

اسم المشرف: حسن فرهود مكي

الموضوع العام: الهندسة الكيمياوية

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الهندسة الكيمياوية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الهندسة - قسم الهندسة الكيمياوية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: في هذه الدراسة, تم بحث مدى ملائمة عمليات التنافذ (الامامي - العكسي) لمعالجة المياه الملوثة بالزيوت. حيث طبقت عملية التنافذ الامامي لاسترجاع الماء النقي من المياه الملوثة بالزيوت. تم استخدام زيت محرك الديزل والكازولين نوع (15W - 40) لتحضير محلول اللقيم, بي | In this study, the feasibility of Forward - Reverse membrane osmosis system was investigated for treating the oily wastewater. Forward osmosis (FO) process was applied to recover pure water from oily wastewater. Gasoline and diesel engine oil (15W - 40) was used to prepare the feed solution (FS). While sodium chloride (NaCl) and magnesium chloride (MgCl2) salts were used as draw solutions, and the membrane that was used in FO process was cellulose triacetate (CTA) membrane. While reverse osmosis process was used to recovery water from the diluted draw solution using polyamide (thin film composite (TFC)) membrane. In the first stage was applying the FO process for treating the oily wastewater with two parts. The first part included the FO process using the batch system whereas the second part included the FO process using the flowing system for different draw solutions. Theoperating parameters studied were : draw solution type, draw solution concentrations (0.25 - 0.75 M), oil concentration in FS (100 - 1000 ppm), the temperatures of FS and DS (30 - 45 °C), pH of FS (4 - 10) and for the forward osmosis flowing process the flow rate of both DS and FS (20 - 60 l/h), while the pressure was maintained at 0.5 bar. The run - time of the FO process was for five hours. It was found that water flux through membrane decreases with increasing time, while oil concentration in the FS increases with increasing time. Also, it was found that the water flux produced from the osmosis cell and oil concentration in FS increase by increasing the concentration of draw solutions, the flow rate of FS and the temperature for a limit (40oC), then, the water flux and oil concentration decrease with increasing the temperature because of happening the internal concentration polarization phenomenon. By increasing the oil concentration in FS and the flow rate of the DS, the water flux and oil concentration in FS were decreased. While it had a fluctuated behavior with increasing the pH of oily wastewater. It was found also that MgCl2 gives water flux higher than NaCl. It was observed that the best operating conditions in this study were : concentration of salt (0.75 M) for MgCl2, oil concentration (100 ppm), pH of FS (7.3), temperature of feed and draw solution (40oC), flow rate of FS (60 l/h), and flow rate of DS (20 l/h). The values of resistance to solute diffusion within the membrane porous support layer were 55.93 h/m and 26.21 h/m for NaCl and MgCl2 respectively. The second stage was applied reverse osmosis process for separating the fresh water from a diluted (NaCl) solution using different parameters such as draw solution concentration (0.08 - 0.16 M), feed flow rate (20 - 40 l/h) within two hours of work of the reverse osmosis system.

تاثير المحتوى المائي، درجة الحرارة وكلوريد الصوديوم على تاكل CO2 للصلب الكربوني (A106 B) في النفط العراقي == Effect of Water Content , Temperature And NaCl on CO2 Corrosion of C - Steel (A 106 B) in Iraqi Crude Oil

اسم المؤلف: انعام يوسف عبد الرحمن

اسم المشرف: سعد احمد جعفر

الموضوع العام: الهندسة الكيمياوية

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الهندسة الكيمياوية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية الهندسة - قسم الهندسة الكيمياوية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: ان التاكل الداخلي في انابيب الصلب الكربوني الذي يحدث بوجود غاز ثاني اوكسيد الكربون يعتبر مشكلة جوهرية في صناعات النفط والغاز وهو يقترن دائما مع وجود الماء. ان احتمالية حدوث التاكل تزداد بصورة عامة مع تزايد نسبة الماء ومع زيادة مستوى الماء المنتج تزداد مع | Internal corrosion of carbon steel pipelines occurring in the presence of CO2 is a substantial problem in the oil and gas industries. It is always associated with the presence of free water. The likelihood of corrosion generally increases with the volume fraction of the water phase. As the produced water level increases, the corrosion rates of carbon steel increase very rapidly and causes damage of petroleum and gas pipelines. The present research work focuses on the investigating of the corrosion rate of carbon steel as flow line in crude oil production with CO2 content employing three Iraqi crude oil (Kirkuk crude oil, Halfaya crude oil, Rumalia crude oil) with different brine concentrations [1%NaCl, 2%NaCl, 3%NaCl]. Determining the corrosivity of Iraqi crude oil was studied for the first time. Experiments were performed in an autoclave test apparatus, crude oil - produced water mixtures, water cuts were (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 100%), and total volume of mixtures inside the autoclave was always kept at 100ml and temperature (20, 40, 60°C). For all experiments, CO2 partial pressure was maintained at (4 bar) and rotational speed (500 rpm).The corrosion rates were determined by the weight loss technique. The results revealed that the corrosion rates of carbon steel increased by increasing water cut and temperature, but decreases with increasing salt concentration for all types of crude oil. Results also indicated that different crude oil has significantly different effects on corrosion of carbon steel, with identical brine compositions. Therefore, Rumaila crude oil exhibits the highest corrosion rates and Kirkuk crude oil exhibits the lowest corrosion rates while Halfaya crude oil exhibits a moderate corrosion rates e.g. at 1% NaCl, 20% water cut, temperature 60°C, pressure 4bar, the corrosion rate of carbon steel in Rumaila crude oil is 0.9163mm/yr whereas it is 0.564 mm/yr and 0.705 mm/yr in Kirkuk crude oil and Halfaya crude oil respectively. The Corrosion Rate Break produced water level was determined from the experiments. These tests are employed to evaluate the requirements for corrosion inhibitor treatment. At 100% water cut (brine/CO2) the corrosion rates of carbon steel was the highest. The presence of crude oil decreases the corrosion rates e.g. at 1% NaCl,100% water cut(brine/CO2) the corrosion rate is 7.1197 mm/yr, whereas at 40% water cut/ Rumaila crude oil the corrosion rate is 1.4097 mm/yr.

دراسة استخدام الكاربون المنشط الحبيبي لازالة الفينول والباراكلوروفينول والبنزين من المياه المطروحة من مصفى بيجي == Study of Using Granular Activated Carbon for Removing Phenol , Parachlorophenol , And Benzene From Wastewater of Baiji Refinery

اسم المؤلف: ابتسام احمد جدوع القيسي

اسم المشرف: مزهر مهدي ابراهيم الدوري

الموضوع العام: الهندسة الكيمياوية

السنة: 2010

الموضوع الدقيق: الهندسة الكيمياوية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية الهندسة - قسم الهندسة الكيمياوية

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: ان هدف الدراسة الحالية هو ازالة البنزين والفينول والباراكلوروفينول من مياه الصرف الصناعية في مصفى بيجي بعملية الامتزاز بواسطة الكاربون المنشط الحبيبي وامكانية تمثيل العملية بنموذج رياضي.وقد صمم وصنع جهاز مختبري لغرض انجاز الدراسة اخذين بالاعتبار امكاني | The aim of the present study is to remove phenol, parachlorophenol and Benzene from waste water of Baiji refinery by using granular activated carbon. Moreover using the present models to represents the experimental data.A Laboratory scale apparatus is designed and constructed taking into account the most important parameters effecting adsorption. In performing the present study Actual wastewater of Baiji refinery is taken to perform the experimental work.The results indicated that phenol, parachlorophenol and Benzene can be removed completely using granular activated carbon. Also the results indicated that breakthrough and exhaustion time are inversely proportional with the concentration of pollutants and liquid hourly space velocity, while they are directly proportional with the thickness of granular activated carbon. Its found that the Adsorption capacity is directly proportional with the concentration of pollutants and liquid hourly space velocity. The results of this work indicated also the thickness of adsorption zone, which is calculated depending on the result of this study, is directly proportional with liquid hourly space velocity.Application of the most famous available models that are used to represent adsorption phenomena on our experimental data show that only Freundlich model gives excellent agreement.In order to find mathematical model for breakthrough and exhaustion time as a function the most important parameters, an advanced computer program is used.We found two mathematical model for breakthrough and exhaustion time as a function of granular activated carbon thickness, liquid hourly space velocity and the concentration of pollutants. These two models give acceptable agreement with the experimental results.The adsorption capacity for the three pollutants are calculated and found to be directly proportional with liquid hourly space velocity and pollutants concentration.

استخدام بعض المخثرات الطبيعية لازالة المواد العالقة من المياه == Using of Some Natural Coagulants To Remove Collide Particles From Water

اسم المؤلف: زينة علي حميد

اسم المشرف: رافع جمال يعقوب

الموضوع العام: الهندسة الكيمياوية

السنة: 2010

الموضوع الدقيق: الهندسة الكيمياوية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية الهندسة - قسم الهندسة الكيمياوية

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين

الصفحات الاولى:

انتقال الحرارة في الغليان الحوضي باستخدام موائع النانو == Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Using Nanofluids

اسم المؤلف: خيرية مطر عيسى الخزاعي

اسم المشرف: جمال مانع علي الربيعي

الموضوع العام: الهندسة الكيمياوية

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الهندسة الكيمياوية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة التكنولوجية - قسم الهندسة الكيمياوية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

ازالة الكبريت من زيت الوقود باستخدام الاكسدة المعززة بالموجات الفوق الصوتية == Ultrasound - Assisted Oxidative Desulfurization of Fuel Oil

اسم المؤلف: جعفر مازن جعفر

اسم المشرف: نيران خليل ابراهيم | ولاء عبد الهادي نوري

الموضوع العام: الهندسة الكيمياوية

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الهندسة الكيمياوية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة التكنولوجية - قسم الهندسة الكيمياوية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Due to the dramatic environmental impact of sulfur emissions associated with the exhaust of engines, sulfur content specification for diesel fuels became more and more stringent worldwide. Last environmental regulations for ultralow sulfur diesel require very deep desulfurization processing, which cannot be met by the conventional hydrodesulfurization process (HDS).The present work focuses on benefiting from integrating an ultrasoundassisted oxidative desulfurization process (UAODS) with the conventional HDS process to produce ultra - low sulfur fuels. The proposed method involves a batch ultrasound - assisted oxidative desulfurization process to desulfurize a previously hydrotreated diesel containing 480 ppm sulfur. The oxidizing system used was H2O2/CH3COOH with FeSO4 being used as a catalyst. An ultrasonic probe system was used to enhance the conversion of sulfur - bearing compounds that exist in diesel to sulfones and sulfoxides to affect their removal by a certain separation method, such as extraction or adsorption.The major influential parameters related to UAODS process have been investigated, namely : ratio of oxidant/fuel, ratio of the promoter/oxidant, dose of catalyst, reaction temperature, intensity of ultrasonic waves. A set of comparative studies were also carried out including type of extraction solvent, effect of initial sulfur content, and type of sulfur separation method. Total evaluation for the treated diesel was performed, including GC - MS analysis which has been used to monitor the change of organic sulfur compounds andhydrocarbons in diesel during the desulfurization process.The oxidation treatment, in combination with ultrasonic irradiation, revealed a synergistic effect for diesel desulfurization. The experimental results showed that the removal efficiency for sulfur compounds could amount to 98%, and sulfur level can be reduced to 12 ppm at mild operating conditions (70 and 1 bar). This indicates that this process is so efficient and promising for the production of ultra - low sulfur diesel fuels.The kinetics of the reaction has been also studied. It was observed that the UAODS of diesel fuels fitted pseudo - first - order kinetics under the studied experimental conditions. During this process, values of the apparent rate constant and activation energy were 0.373 min - 1 and 24 kJ/mol, respectively.

ازالة المحتوى الكبريتي من وقود الديزل بواسطة الاكسدة والاستخلاص بالمذيب == Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel By Oxidation And Solvent Extraction

اسم المؤلف: شيم بهجت عبد الكريم

اسم المشرف: ودود طاهر محمد | رغد فريد

الموضوع العام: الهندسة الكيمياوية

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الهندسة الكيمياوية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الهندسة - قسم الهندسة الكيمياوية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: يهدف البحث الى ازالة المحتوى الكبريتي من مقطع الديزل المهدرج للتخلص من المركبات الكبريتية الثايوفينية التي تتعذر ازالتها بواسطة عملية الهدرجة المعتمدة في المصافي النفطية. ودراسة افضل الظروف للحصول على اعلى نسبة ازالة.رست الظروف التشغيلية التالية : سرعة ال | Removal of sulfur species from fuels is an increasingly critical environmental issue. Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) removes sulfur compounds, such as mercaptans and sulfides from hydrocarbons; however, some sulfur - containing compounds (such as diebenzothiophene) are very difficult to remove and need deep desulfurization processes.This work was applied to the desulfurized diesel fuel produced from the conventional HDS process for ultra - desulfurization. The used fuel types in this investigation were either real diesel fuel or simulated diesel fuel, where sulfur - containing compound ( dibenzothiophene DBT) converted to its corresponding sulfone by oxidation using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant and acetic acid as homogenous catalyst, and solvent extraction by using acetonitrile (ACN) or N - methyl - 2 - pyrrolidone (NMP) as extractants.Simulated diesel fuel according to British Petroleum 200B doped with dibenzothiophene (DBT) was prepared, the effect of stirring speed (150, 250, 350 and 450) rpm, temperature (30, 40, 45 and 50) ?C, oxidant/simulated diesel fuel ratio (0.5, 0.75,1 and 1.5) (v/v), catalyst/oxidant ratio (0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75) (v/v), solvent type, and solvent/simulated diesel fuel ratio (0.5, 0.6, 0.75 and 1) (v/v) were examined in order to obtain the maximum sulfur removal. The results of this work exhibit that the highest removal of sulfur 98.5% for N - methyl - 2 - pyrrolidone and 95.8% for acetonitrile were obtained under the conditions of operating in table below : Stirring Speed (rpm) 350 Temperature (?C) 50 Oxidant (hydrogen peroxide)/simulated diesel fuel ratio 1 Catalyst (acetic acid)/oxidant ratio 0.5 Solvent (ACN or NMP)/simulated diesel fuel ratio 1 Experiments with the above best conditions were carried out on Real diesel fuel obtained from Al - Dora refinery with 1000 ppm sulfur containing compounds. It was found that sulfur removal from real diesel fuel was 62.5% for acetonitrile and 75% for N - methyl - 2 - pyrrolidone.

استخلاص الزيوت العطرية من قشور الحمضيات باستعمال التقطير البخاري بمساعدة المايكرويف == Extraction of Essential Oils From Citrus By - Products Using Microwave Steam Distillation

اسم المؤلف: سارة جبير صالح

اسم المشرف: ابتهال كريم شاكر

الموضوع العام: الهندسة الكيمياوية

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الهندسة الكيمياوية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الهندسة - قسم الهندسة الكيمياوية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: يهدف هذا البحث الى استخلاص الزيت العطري من ثلاثة انواع من قشور الحمضيات (البرتقال, الليمون, اللالنكي) بطريقتين : التقطير البخاري والتقطير البخاري بمساعدة المايكرويف.ودراسة تاثير عوامل الاستخلاص : (وزن القشور, وقت الاستخلاص,طاقة المايكرويف ونوع قشور الحمضي | The main objectives of this research is to extract essential oil from : orange( citrus sinensis), lemon( citrus limon) and mandarin( citrus reticulata) peels by two methods : steam distillation (SD) and microwave assisted steam distillation (MASD), study the effect of extraction conditions : weight of the sample( 398.56g, 281.8g, 116.76g), extraction time, microwave power( 135W, 265W, 445W) and citrus peel type( orange, lemon, mandarin) on oil yield and compare the results of the two methods, the resulting essential oil was analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC).Essential oils are highly concentrated substances used for their flavor and therapeutic or odoriferous properties, in a wide selection of products such as foods, medicines and cosmetics. Extraction of essential oil is one of the most time and effort consuming process. Microwave - assisted extraction is a green technique for the extraction of natural products. (MASD) was better than (SD) in terms of rapidity, energy saving and yield. (MASD) gave higher yield than (SD) with shorter extraction time, yield of orange oil extracted by (MASD) was (1.150%) in (35min.) compared to (1.095%) in (45min.) by (SD) process, same results obtained for lemon and mandarin. It was found that the optimal microwave power was (135W) and the yield was : (1.150%, 1.115%, 0.940%) for orange, lemon and mandarin respectively, (MASD) increased extraction temperature in short time and to a higher level compared to (SD).It was found that the optimal weight was (398.56g) and the yield in (SD) was : (1.095%) and MASD (1.091%) for orange oil, same results obtained for lemon and mandarin.The best citrus peel type which gave the highest yield was orange followed by lemon then mandarin in both processes.Limonene is the most abundant component in citrus essential oil, (GC) analysis showed that the amount of limonene increased in low microwave power with long extraction time for mandarin oil it was (84.3891% at 135W in 60min.), while for (SD) it was (83.0271% in 75min.) and decreased with increasing microwave power for orange oil it was (80.9661% at 265W in 35min.) while for (SD) it was (83.2189% in 45min.), (SD) was more convenient to give high amount of limonene because of the graduate temperature rise, while in microwave extraction exposure to low microwave power for long time would give complete recovery and better quality of essential oil.

تاثير الحماية من التاكل بواسطة الليزر على سبائك الالمنيوم == The Effect of Laser Surface Melting Corrosion Protection On Al Alloys

اسم المؤلف: هبة خميس اسماعيل

اسم المشرف: شذى احمد سامح

الموضوع العام: الهندسة الكيمياوية

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الهندسة الكيمياوية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: الجامعة التكنولوجية - قسم الهندسة الكيمياوية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: يهدف هذا البحث الى دراسة تاثير المعاملة بالليزر على تاكل سبائك الالومنيوم (7075, 6061, 5083) المغمورة في محلول ملحي (كلوريد الصوديوم) بمختلف التراكيز. وقد تم اعداد عينات من سبائك الالومنيوم ذات ابعاد (2 ملم) سمك وقطر (25 ملم)، وكانت تجارب الاستقطاب في مح | The objectives of the present project are to generate uniform melted layers, free of large second phases to assess the corrosion resistance of the laser treated surface in comparison with the untreated alloy. So disc samples of (7075, 6061 and 5083) aluminum alloys of 2 mm thickness and 25 mm diameter, have been prepared. Polarization tests were carried out in (M lab potentiostat / galvanostat) (Germany) at 298K temperature and (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5) % wt of NaCl solution. The experiments were carried out before and after laser surface melting by (Nd : YAG, MED - 810) pulse laser, system (Q - Switched Nd : YAG 1064/532nm). Before laser surface melting the results showed that the value of the corrosion current density obviously increases with increasing the concentration of NaCl from 1.5% to 3.5%. As well as higher Cl - ions concentration more negative pitting potential (Epit) of aluminum alloys and decrease in the electrochemical stability of aluminum. The corrosion rate for the specimen 7075 is larger than that of 6061 and 5083 aluminum alloys under the same conditions. So it means that the specimens 6061 and 5083 have high resistance to corrosion in NaCl solution After laser surface melting the results showed that the surface of aluminum alloys became more homogenous and pure after treatment.It was found that the corrosion current density decreases after Laser Surface melting at about three orders than that of untreated samples, therefore, the value of the corrosion rate of laser - treated alloy is smaller than that of the untreated. As well as the pitting corrosion potential after Laser Surface melting obviously shifted to more positive direction for all aluminum alloys in different concentrations of the NaCl solution.