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تقييم فعالية مستخلصات مستنبت القمح Triticum aestivum في بعض الانواع البكتيرية المسببة لاخماج مختلفة == Evaluation The Activity of Germinated Wheat Extractions Triticum Aestivum On Some Bacterial Species That Cause Different Infections

Author name: اسماء عيسى محمود
Supervisor name: رشيد حميد حسن
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: The study had included isolation and diagnosis of three hundred samples for both sexes their ages were between (1 - 60) years of the inpatients and outpatients in Tikrit Teaching Hospital and General Samarraa Hospital during the period from 1/9 / 2011 to 1/3/2012. The infections were distributed among the burns infections, the wounds, urinary tract infections (UTI) and female genital tract infections (High vagina). This study clarified that (192) sample from the total samples showed bacterial growth in percentage 64%. The results of this study indicated to the proportion 58% with (UTI) by (87) bacterial isolation were produced from (150) isolation. The percentage of burns infections were 81.81% from (55) sample which distributed among the first, second and third class burns. The burns of second and third class gave bacterial growth in a proportion 100% while the first class burns gave 64.28%. Concerning the wounds infections, bacterial growth was 62.9% from (62) sample. The infections proportion of (H.V) was 63.63% from (33) sample. The results of the current study showed that the infections in females were higher that in males with respect to (UTI), while there was not considered difference between the males and females about the burns and wounds infections. Differently, the (H.V) infections were just for the females in the ages between (18 - 45). It was clear according to the results of diagnosis that Escherichia coli had the highest proportion of isolations 25.52% from the total isolates followed by Staphylococcus aureus 18.23% Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15.63%, both Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus miribilis 10.42% Staphylococcus epidermidis 4.69% Citrobacter freundii 4.17%, Staphylococcus saprophyticus 3.64% both Serratia marcescens and Enterococcus faecalis 2.6%, Streptococcus pyogenes 1.56% and Staphylococcus intermedius had the least percentage 0.5% by one from (192) isolate. The sensitivity of these isolates was tested by (10) antibiotic which included quinolones, aminoglycosides, beta - lactams and tetracyclines antibiotics. Among these antibiotics imipenem and ciprofloxacin were more effective, while the other antibiotics were different either active or not active at all.The wheat germinating was used in this study with the ages (36 - 48) hour and its activity was tested by using some bacterial kinds. After completing several quantitative and qualitative tests on this germinating, the carbohydrates proportion was between 67 - 70%, the protein proportion by folin method was between 10 - 8%, the lipids proportion was 1.5%.Some mineral elements in germinated wheat were estimated which include Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Potassium, Copper, Manganese, Zinc, Selenium, and Sodium element, active materials were also estimated in the wheat germinating extracts which had inhibitory effect on the microbiology. It was clear by the tests that the germinating contains a lot of Phenolic compounds, Terpeniods, glycosides and steroids. These materials were extracted by using some extracts included the cold water extracts and hot water extracts, alcoholic extracts (ethanol and methanol) and phenolic extract. All the extracts prepared in concentrations (25, 50, 100, 200) mg/ ml. This study showed that the phenolic extract had high effect on the bacterial kinds in comparison with the methanolic and ethanolic extracts at (200) mg/ ml concentration while the cold water extract had less effect on these bacterial isolates in comparison with the above extracts, finally the hot water extract had no inhibitory effect against any isolated bacterial type with all the concentrations. The inhibitory action of these extracts was compared with some antibiotics as a control sample. These antibiotics represents different groups of antibiotics and which contained Imipenem, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Ceftazidime in addition to Augmentin.In this study the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the fenolic, alcoholic and watery extracts was determined and the concentration was different according to the extract type, the bacterial type and the isolation site.

التحري عن مؤشرات وراثية وفسلجية لتحمل الجفاف لصنفين من الحنطة Triticum aestivum L. == Investigation of Genetic And Physiological Markers For Drought Tolerance of Two Cultivars of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L)

Author name: اشواق ابراهيم بشير العبيدي
Supervisor name: شاكر مهدي صالح | عقيل حسين العاصي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تم في هذه الدراسة البحث عن امكانية ايجاد مؤشرات وراثية ترتبط بمؤشرات فسلجية وذلك من خلال الدراسة على مستويين : ا - المستوى الفسلجي : زراعة صنفين من الحنطة الناعمةL Triticum aestivum في حقول كلية الزراعة/ جامعة تكريت لموسم النمو 2010 - 2011، وذلك بزراعة بذو | This study was conducted to investigate a genetic marker linked to physiological marker through a design an outdoor experiment which includes two parts : - 1 - Physiological part : Included planting two cultivars of soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the fields of the college of Agriculture, university of Tikrit, during growth season (2010 - 2011). The stage of work had been done by cultivated the seeds of two cultivars of wheat (Sham - 6, Abu - Ghraib) in pots, when they reached the stage of (4 - 5) leaves it had been exposed to two dryness periods 7 and 10 days. It spread with growth regulator Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) (150 ppm) to know which type is more resistance for dryness through estimation of proline concentration as a physiological marker and to indicate the effect of IAA to reduce the dryness effect in some features of growth physiological function and yield component according to complete Randomize Design (CRD). Some markers of drought tolerance have been estimated including : proline content, chlorophyll concentration and the degree of membrane stability then plants were left for harvesting period. The results of the outdoor experiment were : 1 - Exposure the plants to dehydration periods during their growth caused reducing of the most studied characters (leaf area, plant height, tillers number, concentration of chlorophyll A and B and the total chlorophyll), while there was an increase in the content of the proline and the injury index of plasma membrane. 2 - Some characteristic did not showed effect by drought periods (dry weight of plant, number of days of flowering, spikes number, spike length, number of grains/ spike and weight of 1000 grains).3 - Sham - 6 cultivar was superior than Abu Ghraib - 3 in three characteristic (number of days of flowering, leaf area, weight of 1000 grains), while Abu Ghraib - 3 cultivar was superior in the grains number /spike than sham - 6 cultivar.4 - The concentration of IAA (150 ppm) had a different effect. It had a positive effect in the decrease drought for some characteristic (proline content, injury index of plasma membrane, leaf area, plant height, dry weight, spike number and grains yield).2 - Genetic part : DNA has been isolated from fresh leaves of two types of wheat, arrange yields of DNA were in the range of (40 - 150) micro gram per 1.5 gram of plant leaves, and the purity ranged between (1.2 - 1.7). The reaction PCR was done by using 11 primer of the Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA (RAPD) in addition to two pair of specific primer to detect the genes which are responsible for coding of two enzymes which involved in anabolism and catabolism of proline. The results obtained are as follows : - 1 - Five primer of RAPD did not appear any binding site (OPA - 18, OPL - 20, OPA - 11, OPQ - 17 and OPH - 14).2 - Six primer of RAPD have appeared main and monomorphic bands (OPO - 16, OPH - 07, OPN - 16, OPM - 20, OPJ - 13 and OPQ - 06), in addition to the absent of the other bands from some treatments. 3 - The two pair of specific primer have given three monomorphic bands with different molecules weight.4 - The primer (OPH - 07) has appeared a unique band with molecular weight (1670) pb for Sham - 6 cultivar during second drought period (10 days without hormone). These results obtained from this study were identical with physiological part in the ability of both types to drought tolerance

دراسة تاثير مستخلصات نباتي القرنفل والخروع على نمو بعض الفطريات المنتجة لانزيم البروتييز والمسببة لالتهاب الاذن الخارجية == Study Effect of Syzigium Aromaticum And Ricinus Communis Extracts On Growth of Some Fungi That Produce Protease And Cause Otitis Externa

Author name: بتول عمران ذيب
Supervisor name: خليل ابراهيم بندر النعيمي | ذكرى احمد حمادة
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Fungi
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: ضمنت الدراسة عزل وتشخيص الفطريات من الاذن الخارجية في مستشفى تكريت التعليمي - وحدة الاذن والانف والحنجرة والعيادات الخاصة في مدينة تكريت, خلال الاشهر تموز, اب وايلول 2008. جمعت 100 مسحة اذنية من المرضى المشخصة اصابتهم بالتهاب الاذن الخارجية الفطري من قبل | The study was included isolation and identification of fungi from the external ear in Tikrit teaching hospital, the unit of Ear, Nose, and throat (E.N.T.) and Privete clinics in the city of Tikrit during the months July, august, and September2008. 100 ear swabs were collected from the patiants whose diagnosed by Otologists with Otomycosis, and 50 ear swaps were collected from healthy persons in the same city and period time, These samples were examined by dierect microscopic examination treated with KOH 10% with hot flame to ensure the fungal infections, and Culturing on Sabouraud, s Dextrose Agar was done for isolation and identification of types of fungi which responseple for infection, The result of direct microscopic examination and culture showed that 76(76%) were positive for fungi, 64 were positive by direct microscopic examination and culture, and 12 posative in culture only. The most common fungi isolated from patient were Aspergillus Spp.36). (%22 followed by Candida Spp. (%67. 10), Trichophyton Spp(%6.5) , and Penicillium spp. (%3.94%), Aspergills niger appeared as the predominant fungi (%84. 36) followed by Aspergillus flavus (%36. 22), Candida albicans (42. 18%), Aspergills terrous (7.89%) , Candida kruzi, Penicillium spp (3.94%), Trichophyton mentagrophyte, Trichophyton verrucosum (63. 2%) and Trichophyton scheonlieni (%1.31), and no fungi were isolate from the healthy person. Higher percentage of fungi infection were recorded in female 46(60.52%) than male 30(39.47%). and the higher percentage for fungal infection was recorded in the age group (31 - 40) with percentage (23.68%). fungal ear infection was recorded with highest percentage in right ear 47 (61.84%), and for the left ear 29 (38.15%). and high rate of infection was recorded in august (73.69%), Higher percentage of infection was recorded in patient house wives (52.36%), the itching was the most commen symptom , The most habits used to clean the ear by dearty body (51.31%), Ahigher percentage (76.4%) recorded in non educated persons. The results of active ingredients test for Syzigium aromaticum and Ricinus communis revealed that clove dry flower buds contain Flavonoides, Glycosides, Tannins, Volatile oils, Terpenes, Resins, and Phenols, while castor leaves contain Flavonoids, Tannins, Volatile oils, Terpenes, Resins, Saponins and Phenols, pH of clove bud 4.3 and pH of castor leaves 5.8. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts were Prepeared, which belongs to Syzigium aromaticum and Ricinus communis under the study, commercial oil for clove and seed castor were used in the study, the effects of inhibition of Aqueous and Alcoholic extracts and commercial oil had been studied on the growth and protease production on the three fungi which were showed the high ratio appeared among the isolation sample under the study with 5 concentration 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 (mg /ml), and the affected rate of these extracts and oils under the study on fungi were varied. The relation between Aqueous extract of clove bud and fungi growing was increasing relation, While Alcoholic Extract and commercial oil showed preference in the inhibition of the isolated fungi grown while its effect on Candida albicans was increase with increase the concentration, The effect of aqueous and Alcoholic Extract of castor leaves on Moulds showed reverse effect. on the other hand the commercial oil effect was slight effect, and both extracts did not showed effect on the Candida albicans as well as the Commercial oil.When adding Clove Extracts and Commercial oil and in all concentrations dose not gave any production of the Protease enzyme in the solid media, whereas the extracts of castor leaves and commercial oil were showed effects on the production of Protease enzyme, and Aspergills niger was more effected and these extracts did not showed an effect on the Candida albicans.Aqueous and Alcoholic extract and commercial oil to the Clove revealed higher influence rate than the effect of the Castor leaves extract , and in a different rate

تشخيص المسببات البكتيرية والفايروسية لخمج الاغشية السحائية في مدينة الموصل == Detection of Bacterial And Viral Causes of Meningitis In Mosul

Author name: قاسم مصطفى خالد
Supervisor name: علي صالح حسين الجبوري | اميرة محمود محمد الراوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة اجراء عدد من الاختبارات العيانية والكيميائية على عينات سائل النخاع الشوكي (CSF) cerebrospinal fluid البالغة 152 عينة والتي جمعت من الاطفال الراقدين في مستشفى الخنساء التعليمي ومستشفى ابن الاثير التعليمي في مدينة الموصل لحديثي الولادة لغاية 1 | This study includes performing of macroscopical and chemical and Microbial tests on 152 samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from hospitalized children in Al - khansaa and Ibn - Al - Atheer teaching hospitals in Mosul city with ages ranged from newbornn to 12 years old. Suspected to be infected with meningitis during the interval from August 2009 till April 2010.The results showed that 46.1% of samples were normal with respect to colour and appearance as well as variations in the levels of the three variables including glucose, protein and total cell count with differential cells in the studied samples.The study also included isolation and identification of gram positive and negative bacteria, morphological, cultural and biochemical tests and API were done depending on identification of the isolated bacteria.Many types of isolated gram positive bacteria belonged to the two genera staphylococcus and streptococcus; the results revealed that S.aureus was the more predominant within gram positive causes. Well as many types of gram negative bacteria were isolated represented with Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Acinetobacter spp. E.coli and Neisseria meningitidis with different percentages with dominance of K.pneumonia and H.influenzae.The study also included screening of some viral causes of meningitis from (35) CSF samples which gave negative culture results by using qualitative Enzyme immunoassays technique using Minividas apparatus.The results showed positive results with 14.2% for two types of virus including Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Cytomegalo virus (CMV).The study indicated that males were more compared with Females with 55.9% and 44.1% to males and females respectively and highest infection rate occurred in 1 day - 2 years old.Statistical analysis showed the presence of significant correlation between sex, age and the three varieties glucose, protein and total cell count the results showed there is no significant differences between the studied factors.The study also includes sensitivity for some antibiotics, the results showed that gram positive bacteria were the more sensitive to Vancomycin and Cefatriaxone as well as Clindamycin while gram negative bacteria showed sensitivity and resistance percentages of bacteria in general were varied to other antibiotics under study.

دراسة تاثير الملوثات المنبعثة من المركبات على الاشخاص في شوارع مدينة تكريت == Study The Effect of Pollutants Emitted From Vehicales Upon Blood of Workers In Tikrit City Streets

Author name: رغد مقداد محمود الحمداني
Supervisor name: جهاد ذياب محل الجنابي | صالح محمد رحيم العبيدي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: استهدفت الدراسة الحالية التي جرت في شوارع مدينة تكريت قياس تراكيز بعض الغازات المهمة التي تطرحها المركبات الى البيئة وهي احادي اوكسيد الكاربون, ثنائي اوكسيد الكاربون, ثنائي اوكسيد الكبريت (CO, CO2, SO2) وكذلك دراسة نوعية مياه الامطار المتساقطة على منطقة ا | The current study which takes place in the main streets of the city of Tikrit, aims at measuring the concentrations of some essential gases which are emitted by the vehicles of the environment. These gases include Monoxide Carbon, Dioxide Carbon and Sulfur Dioxide (CO, CO2, SO2). This study also aims at investigating the quality of rainwaters which are falling on the area of the study, and conducting some biological tests for them. Moreover, this study aims to identify the effect of vehicles productions upon blood physiology and the construction of some persons who are dealing with them. The samples have been collected during September 2010 till May 2011, and then classified in terms of age and duration of exposure. Alsuqoor Village represents the control group. A sample has been collected from healthy, non - smoker males. The concentrations of some polluted gases emitted from exhausted vehicles are identified. They are significantly high in comparison with the control group and during the whole chapters of the study. The highest level of pollution value is recorded by the gases (CO, CO2, SO2) and at (p< 0.05) level in Albasha Street during the Autumn, whereas the lowest value is recorded in Alzuhoor Street, during the Winter ( ). In addition, some of rainwater characteristics have been measured such as, (Ph, electrical m and the amount of plankton in water). The obtained results show that there is a significant decrease in PH concentration and a significant increase in EC concentration. Moreover, results indicate that the highest concentration of the clot material is in Alarbaeen Street ( ) whereas, the lowest concentration is in Alzuhoor Street ( ). The level of some rare elements has been measured in the blood serum of those who are exposed to (lead, cadmium) and in different periods of times. A significant increase is recorded in the levels of those elements, in comparison with the control group (ps 0.05). As for effect of blood components of those who are exposed to pollutants, the concentrations of both (Hb, Pcv) have been decreased with an increase in the concentrations of (the number of red and white cells and ESR) in comparison with the control group at level (P<0.05). It is also noticed that there is a significant increase in the number of the neutral and acidic white blood cells with a significant decrease in the number of the moral white blood cells at the lymph cell, in comparison with the control group. Results also show that there is a significant increase (P<0.05) in the level of each (Cholesterol, Triglycerides, and Lipoproteins with low density LDL) with decreased concentrations of (High Density Lipoproteins HDL) whereas, there are no significant difference in the concentrations of (Low density Lipoproteins Very high density VLDL). Concerning the concentrations of (Urea, Uric acid, Kreatenin) there is a significant increase (P<0.05) in comparison with the control group and for all the groups of the study. The pollutants have an effect upon the average number of enzyme in the blood serum. There is a significant increase in the average of the enzymes that carry amino (ALT, AST) an enzyme phosphate in comparison with the control group. The study has also shown a significant increase in the Monoaldehyde level MDA and decrease in the glutathione level, under the effect of various pollutants. It is noticed that the blood components as well as the biochemical variable are greatly affected as the period of exposure extended and these biochemical variables become very great. Therefore, most of the differences are existed in the third group whose ages range between (40 and 49) with 9 years of work, followed by the second group whose ages range between (30 and 39) with 7 years of work. Then comes the first group whose ages range between (20 and 29) with 5 years of work, in comparison with the control group

دراسة وبائية لبعض مسببات الاسهال من الاوالي الطفيلية في المرضى المراجعين لمستشفى صلاح الدين العام في تكريت مع دراسة تجريبية لتاثير المستخلص الكحولي لنبات Lantana camara عليها في الفئران المختبرية == Epidemiological Study For Some Diarrhea Causes From Parasitism Protozoa For The Patients That Attended General Salahalddin Hospital In Tikrit With Experimental Study For The Effect of Alcoholic Extract From Lantana Camara Plant On It In Experimental Mice

Author name: رواء محمود هاشم
Supervisor name: توفيق ابراهيم محمد الالوسي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة للمدة من 2010 /11/1 الى 2011/11/1.وتضمنت فحص 1002 عينة من غائط مصابين بالاسهال تراوحت اعمارهم ما بعد الولادة الى اثنتي عشرة سنة من العمر راجعوا مستشفى صلاح الدين العام في تكريت. اشتملت الدراسة على جزءين تمثل الجزء الاول بدراسة وبائية، ت | This study made on the period between (1/11/2010) to (1/11/2011) that included testing (1002) diarrhea patients excrement samples, their ages were between after birth to twelve years that had attended General Salahalddin Hospital.The study included two parts. First epidemiology study, collecting samples and making the laboratory tests that accomplish with 2 methods, the direct method and deposition method to detect the percentage of infected by some parasitism protozoa that cause the diarrhea according to a lot of standards that included, age, sex, class, nature of suckle, number of family members, the source of water, mother education, sequence of the child in his family and the season of infection, the laboratory test assured that from the total (582) , (58.08 %) are infected with parasitism diarrhea compare with other diarrhea cases that was (420) , (41.91%) and reached to the following : - The infection with E.histolytica diarrhea was (492), (%84.5) and infected with G.lamblia diarrhea was (90) , (15.46%). Number of infected males with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism as follows(8.24%)(46.39%) and infected females with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism as follows (7.21%) (46.39%).The highest infection with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism was the ages between (4 - 6)years and the percentage was as follows (4.81%, 29.89%). The highest infection with amebic tissue and G.lamblia parasitism that came from country were (9.10%, 60.82%) also noticed that the raise of infection with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism among children that their mothers had low education less than intermediate (illiteracy and intermediate) as follows (29.8%, 36.5%) for the children were infected with G.lamblia parasitism. And for children that infected with E.histolytica parasitism among children that their mothers had low education less than intermediate (illiteracy and intermediate) as follows (4.29%, 36.5%). The percentage for infants for the first 2 years had been infected with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism for the first 2 years that they depend on industrial suckle as follows (7.73 %), (41.2%). The percentage for infants above 2 years had been infected with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism for the first 2 years that they depend on industrial suckle as follows (9.10%) , (48.96%) also noticed the raise of infection with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism among the children that was the river is the water source, the percentage were as follows (8.59 %), (51.54%). And the infection with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism among the children that was the pipes system is water source the percentage were as follows (6.87%), (23.98%). the infection were very high with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism among the children that lives within crowded families, the percentage was (12.54%), (55.67%). and the infection with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism according to the seasons was dissimilar, and the highest recorded infection with E.histolytica parasitism in winter as follows (35%) and the lowest infection was (11.3%) in summer. Meanwhile the highest infection with G.lamblia parasitism (8.41%) in summer and (1.20%) in autumn.The second part studied the effect of alcoholic extraction from lantana camara plant on growth of E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism on mice. The effect was obvious for the alcoholic extraction for the mentioned plant for all extraction on the E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism in general, but the most effectiveness extraction to destroy the E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism was 1000 mlm/kgm from the alcoholic extraction for the plant lantana camara

التاثير الوقائي لعصير الليمون والمستخلص المائي للمعدنوس في منع التحصي التجريبي المستحدث باستعمال الاثيلين كلايكول وتقليل السمية الكلوية المستحدثة بالمضادين الحيويين جينتامايسين وفلوكساسين في الجرذان == The Protective Effect of Lemone Juice And Parsley Aqueous Extract In Prevent Experimental Urolithisis Induced By Ethylene Glycol And Decrease Renaltoxity Induced By Gentamicine And Floxacin Antibiotics In Rats

Author name: صبا خير الدين ابراهيم الطائي
Supervisor name: زيد محمد مبارك المهداوي | فدوى خالد توفيق
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى معرفة بعض التاثيرات الفسلجية والكيموحيوية والتاثيرات النسيجية للمستخلص المائي لنبات المعدنوس Petroselinum Sativum وعصير الليمون Citrus Linnaeu في كبح تكون حصى الكلى Renal calculi المستحدث بمادة الاثيلين كلايكول Ethylene glycol وال | The study aimed to searching the Physiological, Biochemical and Histological effects of the aqueous extract parsely of petroselinum sativum and lemon juice of citrus linnaeu in inhibition renal calculi formation which induced by Ethylene glycol and decreasing the nephrotoxity casead by the use of Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin antibiotics. The study included number of Physiological and Biochemical parameters : total white blood cells count (WBCS), Hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), Total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High density lipoprotein (HDL - C), Low density lipoprotein (LDL - C), Phospholipids, Atherogenic indices levels, Total protein, Albumin, Globulin, Blood Urea, Serum Creatinine, Glutathione (GSH), Maloddialdehyd (MDA), Aspartate amino transferase (AST) and Alanine amino transferase (ALT) concentration, beside the measurement of calcium ions, potassium ions, and magnisum ions concentrations in male and female rat serum which had been induced Oxidatiotion stress by use (0.05) hydrogen peroxide daily for (30)days.Also anather group of rats mouthy feeded with(100 mg/kg of body whight)Ciprofloxacin and the last group of rats feeded with (80 mg/kg of body wight)Gentamicin by muscular injection daily for (14)days. the active dose of petroselinum sativum (parsley) aqueous extract and Citrus linnaeu(lemon juice)had been demonstrated as (250 mg/kg of body whight)and(1.5ml/kg of body whight) successively.the rats distributed randomly (male and female)to (13) groups included (five rats for every group) : control group, Ethylene glycol (Eg)group, (Eg)+parsely aqueous extract group, (Eg)+lemon juice group, Hydrgen peroxide(H202)group, (H202)+ parsely aqueous extract group, (H202)+ lemon juice group, Ciprofloxacin+ parsely aqueous extract group, Ciprofloxacin+ lemon juice group, Gentamicin+ parsely aqueous extract group, Gentamicin+ lemon juice group.The results showed1 - the Treatment rats with Ethylene glycol caused high significant increase (P? 0.01)in concentrations of, TC, TG, Phospholipids, 2nd and 3rd of atherogenic indices, blood urea, ALP, serum creatinine, VLDL - C, AST, WBCs and MDA, while significant (P? 0.01) decrease had been happen in the concentration of albumin, globulin, total protein, HDL - C, GSH, ALT, Hb, Ca, Ma.2 - the Treatment rats with Ethylen glycol and lemon juice and parsley produced high significant increase(P? 0.01) in concentrations of albumin, globulin, total protein, HDL - C, GSH, ALT, Hb, Ca, Ma. while significant (P? 0.01) in concentrations of, TC, TG, Phospholipids, 2nd and 3rd of atherogenic indices, blood urea, ALP, serum creatinine, LDL - C, AST, Hb, K and MDA compared whith the E G onlay.3 - Induced oxidative stress by H202 caused high significant (P? 0.01) in the concentrations of TC, Phospholipids, 2nd and 3rd of atherogenic indiced blood urea, ALP, serum creatinine, k+, AST, LDL - C, MDA and Hb while significant (P? 0.01) decrease had been happened in the concentrations of albumin, globulin, total protein, HDL - C, GSH, ALT and 1st atherogenic indices.4 - the Treatment rats with (H202)whith lemon juice and parsely for rats produced high significant (P? 0.01) increase in concentrations of albumin, globulin, K+ total protein, HDL - C, GSH, AST. while Increase significant (P? 0.01) in concentrations ofTC, Phospholipids, 3rd of atherogenic indices, blood urea, ALP, serum creatinine, LDL - C, AST, Hb, K and MDA compared whith the(H202) Only.5 - The results of Treatment the animals with Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin produced high significant (P? 0.01) in the concentrations of TC, TG, Phospholipids, Ist atherogenic indices blood urea, glubulin while the Treatment with Ciprofloxacin caused significant increase (P? 0.01) in concentrations of serum creatinine, VLDL - C, AST, WBCs, MDA, ALT, K+ and Hb.on the another significant decrease had been oecured in the concentrations of ALP, albumin, globulin while decrease of concentrations occurred when the animal had been treated with Gentamicin : total protein, HDL - C, GSH, Hb, Mg+and Ca++.6 - The Treatment by Gentamicin+ Ciprofloxacin+ lemon juice+ parsley to the rats when compares whith rats treated only antibiotics caused high significant (P? 0.01)increase in concentrations of albumin, , globulin, total protein, HDL - C, GSH, K+, Hb and ALP. while high significant decrease happened in the concentrations of total protein, MDA, Ist and3rd atherogenic indices, blood urea, TG, serum creatinine, ALT, MDA, and VLDL - C.7 - The Treatment with Ethylene glycol caused many histological changes like preipration of calcium oxalate in kidney tubules, necrosis, recrudesce of glomerales and caused degredation to the central vein, bleeding in kidney while the two types of antibiotics Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin caused the same effects as ahave.8 - The action of lemon juice and parsely showed aprotection role against calcium oxalate precipitation and prevented the renal calculi formation or it aggregation in the kidney of the rats treated with Ethylene glycol.the action of that extract and juice were the decrease of oxidative stress damage induced by(H202)in the kidney tissue.

دراسة نسجية فسلجية لتاثيرات خلات اليورانيل والمستخلص المائي لنبات ورد لسان الثور في فعالية الغدة الدرقية في ذكور الارانب البيض == Histological And Physiological Study On The Effects of Uranyl Acetate And Aqueous Extract of Borogo Officinalis On The Activity of Thyroid Gland In Albino Rabbits

Author name: علا صالح علي الجميلي
Supervisor name: كوكب سليم نجم القيسي | منيف صعب احمد ساجت الجنابي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة، للتعرف على تاثير خلات اليورانيل والمستخلص المائي لورد لسان الثور Borago officinalis (Borage) معا وكلا على انفراد في ما ياتي : - 1 التركيب النسجي للغدة الدرقية. - 2 مستوى هرمون T3و T4وTSH. - 3 معايير الدم (التعداد الكلي لخلايا الدم ال | The aim of this study was to determined the effects of uranyl acetate and aqueous extract of Borago officinalis(Borage) alone or when they are given toghther the following : 1 - The histological structures of the thyroid gland.2 - Serum concentration T4, T3, TSH Hormones.3 - The blood parameters (WBC, PCV, Hb, Platelet and ESR). A total 30 mature males(Albino Rabbit) were used in this study, and their weights were recorded before and after the experiment. Animals were divided into five groups and administrated by using oro - gastric tube and included these following groups : 1 - (G1) which was given drinking water and considered as control group. 2 - (G2) group treated with uranyl acetate which was given orally only (50mg/kg body weight) for one month.3 - Group G3 which was treated with uranyl acetate with the same concentration used in (G2), then just after one hour they were post - administrated of with aqueous extract of Borage (adose of 5 ml concentration 10%).4 - (G4) group of animals treated with aqueous extract of Borage and adose of 5 ml concentration 10%.5 - (G5)which was pre - treated with uranyl acetate with concentration similar to the dose in (G2) for after one month, then post - administrated of with aqueous extract of Borage at a dose 5 ml concentration of 10%.At the end of the experiments (one month) blood sample was drawn by heart puncture and then ansethized by using ether, animal were killed and thyroid gland prepare for histological study. The following results were recorded : 1 - A significant decrement (p<0.05) in the mean of animals weight (G2, G3, G5) while there are no significant differences in the (G4)as compared with G1.2 - A significant increment (p<0.05) in the mean of (Hb, PCV) of group G2 where as group G3 showed no significant difference.While group G4 and G5 showed decreased as compared with G1.3 - A significant increment (p<0.05) in the mean of WBC in (G2, G3 and G5) while G4 showed no significant difference as compared G1.4 - A significant increment (p<0, 05) in the (G2, G4 and G5) while G3 there are no significant difference as compared G1.5 - A significant increment (p<0.05) in the mean of platelet in (G2, G3and G4) while there are no significant differences as compared with G1.6 - A significant increment (p<0.05)T4 hormone level, in the (G2, G4) while G5 showed a significant decreased where as G3 showed no significant difference as compared with G1.7 - A significant decrement (p<0.05) in the T3 hormone level in the (G2, G4 and G5) while there are no significant differences in the G3 in comparison with G1.8 - A significant decrement (p<0.05)in TSH hormone level in the G2 while no significant changes in the (G3, G4) and a significant increment in the G5 in comparison with G1. Histological results of thyroid gland 1 - A degenerative changes were observed in the epithelial tissues of thyroid gland in the (G2) due to direct effect of uranyl acetate and loss of cell style aggregation in addition to infiltration with inflammatory cells, with loss of depletion of colloid from thyroid follicles.2 - G3 showed normal thyroid cells and thyroid follicles filled with colloid fluid as compared with control group.3 - The result of histology examination of thyroid of group have shown presence of some follicles that contain colloid while ether lack theis colloid.4 - Characterized thyroid follicles cells (G5) lining simple cuboidal tissue but it contains more than one row of cells, suggesting a hyperplasia, but these effects are less negative compared with (G2).From this study we can concluded that uranyl acetate have negative effect on thyroid cells and the chemical substance of aqueous extract of Borago offcinalis inhibit the negative impact of uranyl acetate on thyroid cells in awide aspects of this study, and the aqueous extract of Borago offcinalis have high effect in regulation of thyroid function

دراسة بعض المؤشرات الوراثية الخلوية لتاثير مادة الكلوروفورم على الفار الابيض Mus musculus L == A Study On Some Cytogenetic Indices For The Effect of Chloroform On The White Mouse Mus Musculus L

Author name: عمر رحيم خلف
Supervisor name: عادل فوزي شهاب
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: zoology - Genetics
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: يستخدم الكلوروفورم على نطاق واسع في العديد من الصناعات مثل صناعة الورق والمطاط ومطافئ الحريق ومستحضرات التجميل ومواد التخدير. كما يستخدم كمذيب عضوي للعديد من المواد في المختبرات التعليمية والصناعية. وينتج الكلوروفورم من العمليات الايضية التي تقوم بها بعض | Chloroform is widely used in many industries, such as paper, elastic, fire extinguisher, cosmetics and anesthetic materials industries. It also used as an organic dissolvent for many materials in industrial and education laboratories. Chloroform is produced by The metabolism process of living organisms such as macroalgae and some fungus of highly organic matter soil. It can also be produced by process of water cholornation. Because of chloroform is widely used, and few studies achieved on cytogenetic level. Therefore The present study was conducted to identify The effects of chloroform on cytogenetic characteritis in laboratory mice.This study includes : 1 - A Study on Some Cytogenetic Indices For The Effect of Chloroform on The White Mouse.2 - Sperm abnormalities of male mice.The results of The present study showed that The chloroform has the ability to motivate chromosomal aberrations which were represented by (ring chromosom, chromatid break, and centromore break) in somatic cells in both males and females mice and in germ cells in males, The results revealed significant differences in The chromatid break and ring chromosome of both male and females mice, which injected with two concentrations (0, 025 & 0, 05 mg/kg) when compared with control group. It was found That there were asignificant differences in centromore break of females, injected with two concentrations of chloroform in comparison with control group, while non significant were differences observed in The males.Also the present study showed there were significant differences in The chromosomal aberration in The germ cells of males mice, injected with two concentrations (0, 025 & 0, 05 mg/kg) when compared with controlled group.The concentration (0, 05 mg/kg) was more influent in comparison, with The concentration (0, 025mg/kg). It was found that 30 days of injection is more influent in comparison with 15 day of injection, and males are more influenced than females.The present study recorded a significant differences in creating micronuclei in both male and female mice, injected by chloroform with a concentrations (0, 025 & 0, 05 mg/kg)in compared with control group.The result also revealed that The chloroform cause a significant decrease in The mitotic index of The somatic cells in both males and females, morever significant decrease in The mitotic germ cells of The injected males mice was found.An increase in The Blast index factor in The somatic cell in both male and female mice, injected by chloroform when compared with control group was similar result was recoded rgarding The Blast Index factor of The males germ cells. Regarding The sperm abnormality, the result showed significant differences in The sperm abnormality of males injected by chloroform with two concentrations (0, 025 & 0, 05 mg/kg) in comparison with The control group. The concentration (0, 05 mg/kg) was more influent than The concentration (0, 025mg/kg). Besides and the period 30 days of injection was more influent than the period 15 days.

دراسة عدد من المعايير الدموية والكيموحيوية وبعض الهرمونات لدى النساء العقيمات في محافظة صلاح الدين == Astudy of A Number of Hematological, Biochemical Parameters And Some Hormones In An Infertile Women In Salahaddin Governorate

Author name: لينا قيس ياسين عبد الرزاق
Supervisor name: زيد محمد مبارك المهداوي | بشرى محمد مجيد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى تحديد عدد من العوامل المسببة للعقم لدى عدد من النساء في محافظة صلاح الدين. بدات الدراسة من ايلول (2008) ولغاية اب (2009), وحددت نسبة العقم الاولي (%55) والعقم الثانوي (%45) لعينة الدراسة التي شملت 400 عينة عشوائية للنساء المصابات | This study goaled to determine the causes of the infertility in a number of women in Salah - El - Din governorate. The study began in September (2008) until August (2009), the primary infertility was (55%) and the secondary infertility was (45%). The study sample, which included random sample of 400 infertile women aged (15 - 45) years. Whom reviews in Educational Tikrit Hospital and many external women clinics in Tikrit city. The studied samples are compared with 50 healthy women as a controlling group. The age groups of infected women are specified as highest average within (21 - 25) years then from (26 - 30) years then from (31 - 35) years respectively. The study included a cellular classification by using sex chromatin as an indicater of fertile degree (sex chromatin as a guide to classify women by examing Neutrophil polynucleated cells). So wamen were distributed to : Supper female (have 2 sex chromatin), Normal female (have 1sex chromatin) , and Abnormal female (with out sex chromatin).The results showded 4% and 44.75% and 51.25% respectively. Respect to sex chromatin the results revealed high significant levels (P <0.01) and (P <0.05) of prolactin and (LH) in cons. for Abnormal and Normal infertile women. While the same results and levels happened in FSH and Proges. Conc. In Abnormal and Normal infertile women in comparison with the controlling group.this study showed no significant at level (P >0.05) for Estrogen E2 besides there is no significant in comparing infertile women of Supper female with the control group. Concerning biochemical factors and their relation with sex chromatin, it is shown that there is a difference at (P<0.01) (P<0.05) for normal and a bnormal group in comparison with the controlling group, at level LDL, VLDL and total protein between high and low but there is no difference at level HDL, Tri and Chol The study of reproductive hormones (FSH) and (LH) (PRL) and (E2) had been measured at 13 - 14 days of the menstrual cycle of infertile women. And progesterone hormone conc. had been measured at 21 days of the menstrual cycle. The results showded high significant conc. of PRL, LH and Proge. at level (P<0.01) in comparison with control group while their was not significant changes when the infertile women with the control group for FSH and estrogen conc. Respect to the biochemical factors have shown through fat parameter cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein - cholesterol very low density lipoprotein - cholesterol and total protein have shown high levels (P<0.01) for infertile women in comparison with control group. While high density lipoprotein - cholesterol and glucose conc. Albumin, conc. and globulin show no significant changes in comparison with the control group. Besides this study has revealed a high levels (P<0.01) at PCV % for normal female in comparison with infertile female but through Hb there is no significant differences. It is also shown that the average of women with poor ovarian is 69.25 % while the block of fallopian tubes line was 18.75% for the endometrosis 4% and unknown infertile female causes were 8%. Then results also show the average of 36% of infertile female who are infected with hyperprolactinemea, results show that they are about 23% who suffer from Polycystic ovary syndrome PCOS. Also the Body Mass Index (BMI) showed high significant level (P<0.01) infertile women compared with the control and the same results happened with the age.

دراسة التاثير المثبط لبعض المستخلصات النباتية على بعض الفطريات المرضية == Study of The Inhibitory Effect of Some Medicinal Plants Extracts On Some Pathogenic Fungi

Author name: شفاء طيار جعفر العساف
Supervisor name: صالح عيسى محمد الجبوري | عبد الكريم سليمان حسن النعيمي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: اظهرت دراسة التاثير المثبط للمستخلصات المائية والكحولية لاربعة نباتات طبية هي النعناع بنوعيه (Horsemint, Spearmint) والسعد (Nutgrass) والحبة السوداء(Black Cumin) على بعض الفطريات الممرضة المعزولة من حالات مرضية مختلفة، من بين (63) عينة مرضية اخذت للدراسة | Study of inhibitory effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of four medicinal plants, spearmint, horsemint, nutgrass and black seed (black cumin), against some pathogenic fungi isolated from different clinical cases, showed that (12) cases from (63) cases were positive and Candida albicans was more frequent (41.67%) followed by Aspergillus fumigates and A. niger (16.67%) for each one.The study at inhibitory effect of aqueous extracts against the isolated fungi, showed that aqueous extract of black seed (30 mg/ml.) was more effective, and inhibited growth of the fungus A. fumigatus (87.5%) followed by the aqueous extract of black seed (25 mg/ml.), nutgrass and Spearmint (30 mg/ml.) for both, which inhibit the fungal growth (81.25%).Aqueous extract of Horsemint (30 mg/ml.) was the best one, which inhibited the growth of A. niger completely (100%); Aqueous extract of black seed (30 mg/ml.) was more effective against the fungus candida albicans, and the inhibition zone diameter was (13 mm.).The study of inhibitory effect of alcoholic extracts against the isolated fungi, showed that alcoholic extracts of black seed (10 mg/ml.), Spearmint (15 mg/ml.) and Horsemint (30 mg/ml.) were The best against A. fumigatus and inhibited its growth completely (100%).Alcoholic extracts of black seed (15 mg/ml.), Spearmint (20 mg/ml.) were more effective against A. niger, and inhibited its growth completely (100 %); Finally, alcoholic extract of black seed (30 mg/ml.) was the best one against C. albicans, with inhibition zone diammeter (19 mm.).Testing of inhibitory effect of some chemical antifungal agents against the isolated fungi showed ketoconazole at concentrations (3.5, 3.0, 2.5) mg/ml. inhibited the growth of A. fumigatus (100, 93.0, 90.0) % respectively. Also ketoconazole at concentrations (3.5, 3.0, 2.5) mg/ml. inhibited the growth of A. niger (100, 95.0, (93.0)% respectively. Nystatin; at concentration 100 I.U/Disc (0.06 mg/Disc) inhibited growth of C. albicans with inhibition zone diammeter (15 mm.).

دراسة عدد من المعايير الكيموحيوية والاجهاد التاكسدي لدى المرضى المصابين ببعض امراض القلب == The Study of Some of Biochemical Criteria And Oxidative Stress In Patients With Certain Heart Diseases

Author name: منى احمـد لفتة النيسانـي
Supervisor name: زيد محمد مبارك المهداوي | موسى جاسم محمد الحميش
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: صممت الدراسة الحالية لمعرفة تاثير الاجهاد التاكسدي لدى المرضى المصابين ببعض امراض القلب عن طريق اجراء بعض الاختبارات والقياسات كالنسبة المئوية لحجم كريات الدم المرصوصة (PCV) وتركيز خضاب الدم (Hb)، وبعض الانزيمات مثل : تركيز انزيم ناقل امين الاسبارتيت (AST | The current study was designed to determine the effect of oxidative stress in patients with the certain heart diseases through some tests and measurements as the Packed Cells Volume Percentage (PCV) and hemoglobin concentration (Hb), and some enzymes as : the Concentration of Enzyme Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Creatine Phospho Kinase (CPK), Total Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), and Lactate Dehydrogenase For Heart Muscle, and some of antioxidants and oxidation factors as : Glutathione (GSH), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) respectively, and lipid profile that include : the Concentration of Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides (TG), High Density Lipoprotein of Cholesterol (HDL - C), Low Density Lipoprotein of Cholesterol (LDL - C), and Very Low Density Lipoprotein of Cholesterol (VLDL - C), and some other biochemical criteria as : the Concentration of Glucose, Total Protein, Albumin, Globulin, Urea, and Creatinine. It was chosen (95) blood sample back to the (80 patients and 15 healthy people), the samples were divided into four groups : The first group : included patients with Myocardial Infarction and they was (40) patients (males and females), age ranged between (35 - 89) years old.The second group : included patients with Angina Pectoris and they was (20) patients (males and females), age ranged between (32 - 85) years old.The third group : included patients with Heart Failure and they was (20) patients (males and females), age ranged between (39 - 89) years old.The control group : included (15) people (males and females), age ranged between (30 - 57) years old. The current study showed the following results : A. A significant decrease in the level (p <0.05) in : 1 - The Packed Cells Volume Percentage (PCV) and the concentration of Hemoglobin (Hb) in the heart failure group within the group of (males+females) and females gender.2 - Concentration of Glutathione (GSH) in the three pathological groups within the groups of males and females and (males+females) and age groups (60 years old and above).3 - Concentration of (HDL - C) in the three pathological groups for males and (males+females).4 - Concentration of Total protein in the myocardial infarction group for males and in the heart failure group for females and these two groups within the group of (males+females) and smokers.5 - Concentration of Albumin in the myocardial infarction and heart failure groups for males and (males+females).6 - Concentration of Globulin in the heart failure group for females and (males+females).B. A Significant increase in the level (p <0.05) in : 1 - Concentration of Enzyme Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) in the angina pectoris group for males and the heart failure group for females and these two groups within the group of (males+females), males gender, diabetes and smokers.2 - Concentration of Enzyme Creatine Phospho Kinase (CPK) in patients with myocardial infarction for males and female and (males+females), males gender, age group (80 - 89 years old), people with high blood pressure, diabetes and smokers.3 - Concentration of Enzyme Total Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) and Lactate Dehydrogenase For Heart Muscle in the myocardial infarction group for males and females and (males+females), males gender, age group (50 - 59 years old), diabetes and smokers.4 - Concentration of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the heart failure group for males and females and (males+females) and females gender.5 - Concentration of Total Cholesterol in a group of angina pectoris for males and females and (males+females).6 - Concentration of Triglycerides (TG) in the myocardial infarction group for females and (males+females), males gender, diabetes and smokers.7 - Concentration of (VLDL - C) in the myocardial infarction group for males and females and (males+females), males gender, diabetes and smokers.8 - Concentration of (LDL - C) in the angina pectoris and heart failure groups for males and females and (males+females).9 - Concentration of Glucose in the heart failure group for males and myocardial infarction group for females and these two groups within the group of (males+females), males gender, age groups (50 - 79 years old), diabetes and smokers.10 - Concentration of Urea in the myocardial infarction and heart failure groups for males and females and (males+females) and age groups (from 60 - 79 years old).11 - Concentration of Creatinine in a myocardial infarction group for males and females and (males+females) and age group (70 - 79 years old).

دراسة تاثير النفط الخام وهايدروكسيد الامونيوم على بعض صفات الترب ونمو نبات الشعير الابيض == Study The Effect of Crude Oil And Ammonium Hydroxide On Some Characteristics of Soils And Plant Growth of Barley White

Author name: براء محمد ابراهيم
Supervisor name: جهاد ذياب محل الجنابي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: شمل البحث دراسة انتشار المخلفات النفطية وهايدروكسيد الامونيوم في مقاطع لاربعة ترب مختلفة النسجة وهي التربة (المزيجية الرملية، المزيجية الغرينية، المزيجية الطينية 1، والمزيجية الطينية 2)؛ اجريت التجربة باستخدام صندوق مصنوع من الخشب الغير منفذ للماء؛ اذ قسم | Research involved studying the spread of oil residues and hydroxide ammonium in excerpts of four soils of different Texture, the soil (sand, gypsum, Loam, and clay); experiment was carried out using a box made of wood and non - port of the water; it was divided into four sections with barriers, wooden supported tin galvanized to ensure that Waste oil spread between the different types of soils, left central Hole made of tin and galvanized perforated and lined with container made of filter paper. Container filled with waste oil and allowed to seep into sections of the four soils through the holes, where waste oil was allowed to spread for 45 days, after which a series of analyzes were conducted to look for oil residue in the soil sections of the experiment. Then added ammonium hydroxide liquid substance in the central Jura and left for 45 days also were conducted after a series of analyzes to determine the changes and the effects on the soil material and components; was also white barley cultivation, After two months of growth, a set of analyzes were conducted Hordeun vulgare Barley and whose scientific name to find out the impact of oil on the chemical characteristics and uptake of heavy metals.Results were recorded the highest prevalence rate of the waste by 218.5 ppm in the Loam soil in depth 15 cm, while the lowest in the clay soil at the depth of 45 cm 44.8 ppm, while in the sandy soil did not happen the spread in the depths of 15 cm and 30 cm; also recorded the highest connectivity Power in the Loam soil 5.37 Micro Smenz / cm and recorded clay soil less connectivity, electric 1.81 Micro Smenz / cm; and when measuring the pH was recorded sandy soil 8.3, while they recorded the soil gypsum 7.5 As for the relative humidity in the soil recorded soil Loam the highest percentage is 93.55% in while the lowest percentage recorded in the soil moisture gypsum 57.90%. Were measured concentration of heavy metals such as cobalt, where the highest concentration in sandy soils 15.40 ppm while the lowest concentration him in the clay soil 7.10 ppm; and cadmium, where the highest concentration in soil gypsum 58.10 ppm in return was the lowest concentration of cadmium 14.60 part million in the clay soil; and when measured the highest concentration of lead found in the soil has Loam reaching 122.80 ppm was the lowest concentration of lead in soil clay 71.90 ppm.Reached the highest value of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in plants grown in clay soils (3.21, 2.96) Eq ml / g, respectively, while the highest concentration of phosphorus, chlorine, magnesium, sodium, calcium, and potassium in the soil clay (5.6, 15.9, 2.9, 16.4, 20.1, 46) ppm, respectively;As for the heavy elements (chromium, cobalt, cadmium, lead, and iron) have the highest concentrations in plants grown in soil gypsum, as was (0.98, 0.24, 0.70, 0.31, 14) ppm.While the lowest value for chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in plants grown in sandy soil (1.62, 1.24) Eq ml / g, while the lowest concentration of elements (phosphorus, chlorine, magnesium, sodium, calcium and potassium) in plants grown in sandy soil reaching (4.2, 4.1, 1.2, 5.9, 1.2, 12.2) ppm, the lowest concentrations of heavy elements were recorded in the sandy soil as well as the (0.03, 0.12, 0.20, 0.20, 8.3) ppm.

دور الفئران المنزلية Mus musculus والجرذان النرويجية Rattus norvegicus في وبائية بعض الامراض الطفيلية من اوالي الدم والانسجة في مدينة تكريت وضواحيها == The Role of Mus Musculus And Rattus Norvegicus In The Epidemiology of Some Blood And Tissues Parasite Diseases of Protozoa In Tikrit City And It'S Districts

Author name: شيلان قادر صادق الصالحي
Supervisor name: توفيق ابراهيم محمد الالوسي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة في مناطق وبعض اقضية محافظة صلاح الدين للفترة من كانون الاول 2006 الى الفترة تشرين الثاني 2007، وتم فحص 200 نموذجا من الفئران المنزلية Mus musculus و50 نموذجا من الجرذان النرويجية Rattus norvegicus جمعت من ثماني مناطق وهي حي شيشين وحي الجمعية | The study was carried out in various regions of Selah El - Deen from the period 12 - 2006 to 11 - 2007. In this research a total of two hundred Mus musculs and fifty Rattus norvegicus from eight regions of Selah El - Deen area, namely, Sheshen area, Al - Jamiea area, Al - Sikak area, Al - Kadisea, Al - Alban Factory, Al - Dor, Samara and Al - Alam were investigated. The examination results of the brain, liver, spleen and blood smears of each rodent were showed 4 species of parasitic protozoa : 1. Toxoplasma gondii : This species found in Mus musculs only with the percentage of infection (2.0%).2. Leishmania spp. : This species found in Rattus norvegicus only with the percentage of infection (2.0%).3. Eperythrozoon coccoides : This species found in the blood of Mus musculs only with the percentage of infection (1.5%).4. Encephalitozoon cuniculi : This species found in Mus musculs with the percentage of infection (3.0%), and in Rattus norvegicus with the percentage of infection (4.0%).The percentage of infection in Mus musculs was (6.5%) but the percentage of infection in Rattus norvegicus was (6.0%).Encephalitozoon cuniculi appeared in a high percentage of infection in both Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus.The experimental results of heart and lungs tissues for all rodents studied was negative. The statistic results showed no significant difference in percentage of infection among species of protozoa in Rattus norvegicus, but there were significant difference in percentage of infection among species of protozoa in Mus musculus.There were no significant difference in percentage of infection between collection area of Rattus norvegicus, but there were significant difference in percentage between collection regions of Mus musculus.The seasons of year had no significant difference on the percentage of infection with Rattus norvegicus, but there were significant difference in percentage between the seasons of year in Mus musculus.Rodents sex showed no significant difference in percentage of infection in Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus

دراسة تاثير مستخلصات القرفة (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) والسماق (Rhus coriaria) في التثبيط المايكروبي وبعض المعايير الحيوية في ذكور الجرذان == Study The Effects of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Zeylanicum) And Sumac (Rhus Coriaria) Extracts On Microbial Inhibition And Some Biological Parameters In Rats Male

Author name: فراس عدنان حسين الزيدي
Supervisor name: كركز محمد ثلج الجبوري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: صممت الدراسة في مختبرات قسم علوم الحياة / كلية التربية وقسم علوم الاغذية / كلية الزراعة في جامعة تكريت, اذ تضمنت الدراسة التعرف على المواد الفعالة في المستخلصات المائية والكحولية في كل من قلف القرفة وبذور السماق واختبار فعاليتها التثبيطية عند تركيز 10, 25 | This study was conducted in Biology department laboratory / Education college and Food science department in Agriculture college in Tikrit University. the study was conducted to investigated to the aquaies and alcoholic activities extracts from each Cinnamon bark and sumac seeds and assay of inhibition activity concentration at 10, 25, 50 and 100 mg/wells against gram positive and negative bacteria and phagocytosis Immunity level after injection by E.coli type, further more to study the effect it in some physiological parameters in male rats after oral administration for 8 days by 50 and 100 mg/kg from rats body weight from each aquais and alcoholic extracts. The results was illustrated the aquaies and alcoholic extracts from each Cinnamon bark and sumac seeds were contains the active groups from compound such as Tannins, Resins, Phenols, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Glycosides, Coumarins. while the effects was found the aquaies extracts a high significantly effects (p < 0.05) from alcoholic by inhibition ability when assay. The Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) from each ones which mass 50 and 125 mg/ml from culture media to inhibition concentration by E.coli and S.pyogen cinnamon bark aquaies extract. it was 75 and 100 mg/ml from culture media to inhibition concentration by E.coli and S.pyogen from alcohol extracting its inhibiting efficiency throw the measure of the diameter of the inhibiting area that has shown that the gratest effect was E.coli bacteria which its diameter of inhibiting area 17 mm and when the concentration is 100 mg/wells from the alcoholic and aquaies extracting and the less effect is S.pyogen and S.aeruginosa in case of the extraction from cinnamon bark it was 17 mm the diameter of inhibiting area of E.coli bacteria. when the concentration 100 mg/wells from aquaies extracting from sumac. whether with alcohol extraction, the bacterial type were similar in their sensitivity in diameter of inhibiting from 18 to 20 mm but the oral administration of the extract on the level of phagocytosis process through the injection of rats in affixed number from E.coli bacteria. The result was illustrated the type of concentration from each cinnamon bark and sumac seeds such as aquaies and alcoholic was caused an increase in the phagocytosis process through the significantly decrease in the number of bacteria with increase of the concentration from the groups that oral administration from extraction that there number wear (zero) on the concentration 100 mg/kg from rats body weight when the time is 120 minute which was equal with effincy of the ciprofloxacin antibiotic on the concentration 5 mg/kg from rats body weight. The result also showed the effect of oral administration from the extraction of cinnamon bark and sumac seeds such as aquaies and alcoholic, that significantly caused the decreased in the concentration of the hemoglobin and Total count red blood cells and the packed cell volume on the concentration 100 mg/kg from the weight but the measures have not significantly changed the parameters MCV, MCH, MCHC with increase of concentration from extraction compared with the group of controlling. The white blood cells also decreased in the significantly aquaeis and alcoholic extracting from the cinnamon bark it was 6.8 × 103/mm3 on the oral administration of the rats from the concentration 100 mg/kg from the body weight of the aquaeis extracting, and 6.8 × 103/mm3 on the oral administration of the rats from the concentration 100 mg/kg from the body weight of the alcoholic extracting, That numbers have not affected during the oral administration from the extractions of sumac only on the concentration 100 mg/kg from the body weight of the alcohol extracting which was 5.6 × 103/mm3 the increase was in the ratio of the number of the neutrophils in the whole extraction alcoholic and aquaies for the both of plants. While the effect of oral administration from the extraction in the lipids profiles was clear in the decrease significantly in the concentration of the glucose and albumin and Urea and uric acid and creatinine and triglyceride and, cholesterol, and the low density lipoproteins (LDL) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), significant increasing in globulin and high density lipoproteins (HDL) in aquaies and alcoholic extraction of sumac seeds while the value of Total protein and HDL is not significantly differtited in aquaies and alcoholic extraction moreover oral administration of the both of plants. The enzyme activity value was included significantly decreased of the Alkaline phosphtase activity value with the increased orally administration from aquaies and alcoholic extracts from both of plants, while increased significantly Aspartames amenotransferase (AST) activity value in all cinnamon extracts while was significantly decreased when administrate from sumac seeds extract, But don’t significantly differ Alanine amenotransferase (ALT) activity value in all concentration from aquaies and alcoholic extracts from both of plants.

انتشار القراد الصلب Ixodidae : Acari وعلاقته مع بعض الاوالي السبورية في بعض المناطق المحيطة بمدينة تكريت == Bovine'S Hard Ticks (Acari : Ixodidae) And Their Relation With Some Haemosporian Parasites In Tikrit Rural Boundaries

Author name: الاء عماد توفيق التكريتي
Supervisor name: توفيق ابراهيم محمد الالوسي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت الدراسة الحالية مسحا للقــراد الصلب المتطفل على الابقار في بعض المناطق المحيطة بمركز مدينة تكريت وللفترة من 1/10/2010 ولغاية 30/7/2011، وقد جمعت العينات من مناطق العلم والبو عجيل وعوينات والمحزم. اختير لاتمام هذه الدراسة مضيف واحد هو الابقار لما له | Ectoparasitic Ioxdae (hard ticks) of cattle were surveyed from five rural stations near by Tikrit city/Iraq since 1st. October 2010Till 30 th. Jully 2011. The sampling stations as fellows : Alam , Albo - Ajeel, Ewanat and al - Mahzam.It he neer chosen only oneHost which is caw.The tick speciemens were collected from one to foure - year cattle host with both sexes. It was found that theHost was infested with two ixodid species ; Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and Boophilus annulatus. H. anatolicum anatolicum was the dominant one in all the survey stations.It has been recorded in this study which carry for the first timprovince of Salah EL - Din on tick and disease which is transmittd. The species of Hyalomma anatolicum represent a high percent of infection in the province. As well as the present study showed the presence of relation between temperature and infection by ticks. This study showed that the ticks were aparasitic on ears, nipples and percenal regoin.In comparison between (67.16 %) to (47.82%) for Alam and Al - Mahzam respectively. The presence study included also Exploring the parasitic disease transmitted by tick, That shown infection of cows by three type of parasite which are Theileria, Babesia and Anaplasma from both sex. where Theileria recorderd the high percent (54.65 %) fllowed by Anaplasma ( 23.97 %) and last percent Babesia (13.77 %). while mixed infection the ratios were (50.68 %, 34.24 %, 15.06 %) respectively.

دراسة مظهرية وتشريحية مقارنة لانواع في اجناس معينة من العائلة المركبة Compositae (Asteraceae) في العراق == A Comparative Morphological And Anatomical Study of Species In Certain Genera From The Family Compositae (Asteraceae) In Iraq

Author name: عمـر خليل جاسـم محمد العباسي
Supervisor name: خليل ابراهيم عباس الشمري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت الدراسة الحالية, دراسة مظهرية وتشريحية مقارنة لـ(10) انواع تعود لـ(9) اجناس من العائلة المركبة Asteraceae (Compositae) في العراق, كما وتبعت الاجناس قيد الدراسة الى عشيرتين Tribes : العشيرة الاولى : (Cardueae), وقد ضمت الانواع : (Arctium tomentosum, Ca | The current study dealt with the morphological and anatomical aspect that compared the (10) Species that followed (9) genera, These Species followed the family Compositae (Asteraceae) in Iraq. It also divided the genera under study to two tribes. The first tribe : (Cardueae), It included the Species : (Arctium tomentosum, Carlina vulgaris, Chardinia orientales, Cnicus benedictus and Notobasis syriaca). The second tribe : (Lactuceae), It included the Species : (Geropogon glabrum, Geropogon hybridus, Hedypnois cretica, Koelpinia linearis and Urospermum pecroides). The morphological study involved the roots according to the characteristics, the form and dimensions (the length and the diameter), the study of the stem by the character, the color and the indumentums, also the dimension (the high and diameter) it resulted good characteristics, enabled us to use it in isolation of the types. It is also discussed the leaf on the based of the quantifier and qualifier that involved the form of the leaf and the form of the peak and the base, the character of the blade margin and the epidermis. The study also high lighted the dimension of the blade (the length and the width), The morphological characteristics of the leaves have given a great Taxonomical value rather than the root and the stem. It also mentioned in this study the Inflorescences in general : the form and the diameter of the receptacle, the dimension of the inflorescence (length and width), and the characteristics of the phyllaries, the study of Achenes, the length of the beak, the character of the filaments that connected by the peak of the beak. The proper morphological characters of the Inflorescences made the contrastive among the characteristics of the Inflorescence in unique type. This great advantage is useful in the classification of the species. The anatomical study contains the study of the dermal tissue system that belong to the types under study, specially the stem, the leaf. It make clear the differences among the characters of the epidermis cells for the stem and the leaf (the upper and lower epidermises), It tackled the study of the Stomata at the leaf and the stem, and measure of the frequency at these members. It also discussed the fundamental and vascular tissue system of the root, the stem and the leaf through the study of their characteristics of the transversal sector. It is also studied the vascular bundles according to the thickness of the regions belonged to the xylem and phloem; the number of the xylem arms in each bundle and the number of the vascular elements in one xylem arm. The study involves the system of the veins into the leaf blade or that called (Venation), and the thickness of the veins and its course, the behavior of the vein's ends and the method of its contact with the leaf margin. In addition, the study dealt with the method of the joining veins the secondary by the primary and the third veins by the secondary. Thus, the study make clear the considerable advantages that distinguish the types each other. It is observed the characteristics of the leaf's venation is a constant character that depends upon to classify the species. At end of the study, It is used the results of the morphological and anatomical characteristics in comparison of the two tribes; Cardueae and Lactuceae that the studied species followed.

دراسة بعض مظاهر امراضية الخمج بالمتحولة النسيجية بين الاشخاص في مدينة سامراء == A Stud Y of Some Aspects of Entamoeba Histolytica Pathogenicity Among Peoples In Samarra

Author name: صلاح عبد حسن السامرائي
Supervisor name: ابراهيم شعبان داوود | حسين ساهر اسود
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: شملت هذه الدراسة فحص (540) عينة براز من المصابين بالاسهال والمراجعين لمستشفى سامراء العام وذلك خلال الفترة الممتدة بين 1/10/2007الى 1/6/2008 فحصت العينات بطريقة المسحة المباشرة المزدوجة للكشف عن الاطوار الخضرية والمتكيسة لطفيلي اميبا الزحار. واظهرت النتائ | The current study dealt with examination of (540) stool samples for patients with diarrhea who visited the General Hospital of Samarra during 1/10/2007 - 1/6/2008. The samples were examined by double wet direct smear method to identify the trophozoite and cyst stages of Entamoeba histolytica. The results showed that (112) were infected with amoebic dysentery. The total rate was (20.74 %). (262) are males with a rate of infection (19.84 %), whereas, the number of females was (278) with an infection rate (21.58 %). The study showed an increase rate of infection among the rural population, it was (25.71 %), whereas the urban population rate was (16.6 %). The study covered all ages beginning from less than a year to 75 years old. A highest rate of infection was recorded by (10 - 19) years old, it was (29.4%). The study also, found out that a highest rate of infection was during school months, particularly during November (27.5 %). Examinations of complete blood picture which included Hemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cells volume (PCV), white blood cells count (WBCc), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were done on all patients infected with amoebic dysentery. The results were compared with those of healthy ones (Control Group). The results showed significant differences between the two groups. According to the significant one (P < 0.05), it recorded a decrease (16.9%) in the (PCV) and (25.1%) in the (Hb) and an increase (241.8%) in the (ESR) and (51.5%) in the (WBCc) for those ones infected with amoebic dysentery if compared with the control group. Clinical biochemistry examinations were performed, on blood sugar (Bs), electrolytes such as Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Calcium (Ca++), Magnesium (Mg++), liver functions tests : total serum bilirubine(TSB), tranceaminase enzyme(GOT, GPT), alkaline phosphetase (AlP), total protein (TP) and albumin (Alb). The results showed that there are significant differences between persons infected with amoebic dysentery and the healthy ones according to the significant level (P < 0.05) in these examinations. The study showed a decrease(21.6%) in the (Bs) mean concentration, (16.8%) in the(K+) mean concentration, (5.8%) in the(Ca++) mean concentration, (4.5%)in the (Mg++) mean concentration, (10.5 %) in the (Na+) mean concentration , (17.2%) in the (TP) mean concentration and(12.2%) in the (Alb) mean concentration and increase (83.7%) in the (Alp) mean concentration, (52.1%) in the(TSB) mean concentration, (81.1%)in the (GPT) mean concentration, (59.9%)in the (GOT) mean concentration and(22.8%) in the (globulin) mean concentration in the persons infected with amoebic dysentery compared with the mean concentrations in healthy ones control group.

دراسة تاثير المستخلص المائي لنبات اللهانة على مستويات هرمونات الدرقية, الاجهاد التاكسدي وعدد من المعايير البيولوجية في الارانب == Study The Effect of Cabbage Aqueous Extract On The Thyroid Hormones Levels, Oxidative Stress And Some Biological Parameters In Rabbits

Author name: سرى سمير محمد الدوري
Supervisor name: زيد محمد مبارك المهداوي | صاحب جمعة عبد الرحمن
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى معرفة بعض تاثيرات المستخلص المائي لنبات اللهانة ((Brassica oleracea على مستويات هرمونات الغدة الدرقية الثايرونين ثلاثي اليود Triiodothyronine (T3) والثايروكسين (Thyroxine (T4والهرمون المحفز للدرقية Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH | The aim of the present study was to investigate some effects of the aqueous extract of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L) on the Thyroid hormones concentrations Triiodothyronine T3, Thyroxine T4 and Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Body weight rate, and some physiological and biochemical parameters such as the total count of leukocytes (WBCs), packed cell volume (PCV) and concentrations of Hemoglobin (Hb), Glucose, Total Cholesterol(TC), Triglycerides (TG), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL - C), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL - C), Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL - C), Phospholipids, Atherogenic indices levels, Uric acid, Total protein, Albumin, Globulin, Serum Creatinine Blood urea, glutathione(GSH), Malondialdehyde(MDA), Peroxynitrite radical(ONOO - ) Ceruloplasmin(Cp), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in sera of male rabbits exposed to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (0.5%) with drinking water along the period of experiment (30) days, with comparison the effect of the cabbage extract with the effect of carbimazole (anti - thyroid drug) to induce Hypothyroidism.For the purpose of this study, preliminary experiments were carried out to find the most effective dose of the cabbage extract and this dose was (300 mg/kg body weight).Rabbits (8 - 10 months age) and (950 - 1560 gm weight) were determined randomly divided into five groups, each group includes five replicates These groups are : The control group, cabbage aqueous extract group, cabbage aqueous extract and H2O2 group, carbimazole drug group and H2O2 GroupThe results showed the following : 1 - Treatment the animals with cabbage aqueous extract caused significant decrease (P<0.05) in Hb, PCV and concentrations of T3 hormone, T4 hormone, TC, LDL - C, phospholipids, second atherogenic index, blood urea, serum creatinine, albumin, MDA, (ONOO - ) radical and Cp, While it caused significant increase in weights, TSH hormone, TG, VLDL - C, glucose, globulin and GSH compared with the control group. While no significant variations were observed in total (WBCs) and concentrations of AST, ALT, HDL - C, atherogenic index (first and third), uric acid and total protein compared with the control group. 2 - Treatment of rabbits with carbimazole drug showed significant decrease in levels of body weight, Hb, PCV, and concentrations of T3 hormone, HDL - C, blood urea, albumin, glucose, GSH and Cp. This treatment showed as well a significant increase in T4 hormone, TSH hormone, ALT, TG, uric acid, VLDL - C, serum creatinine and atherogenic indices levels, Whereas showed no significant variations in total (WBCs), AST, TC, LDL - C, phospholipids, total protein, globulin, MDA and (ONOO - ) radical compared with the control group. 3 - Compared with the control group the oxidative stress induced by H2O2 caused significant decrease in concentrations of Hb, T3 hormone, HDL - C, albumin, GSH and Cp, While this stress showed a significant increase in total (WBCs), T4 hormone, ALT, TG, VLDL - C, phospho - lipids, atherogenic indices levels, serum creatinine, glucose, MDA and (ONOO - ) radical. However no significant variations were observed in weights, TSH hormone, PCV, AST, TC, LDL - C, uric acid, blood urea, total protein and globulin compared with the control group.4 - The Treatment of rabbits under oxidative stress with cabbage extract showed significant decrease in Hb, PCV, T3 hormone, TC, LDL - C, phospholipids, atherogenic indices levels, blood urea, serum creatinine, albumin, GSH, MDA, (ONOO - ) radical and Cp comparison with the control group. While a significant increase was observed in weights and concentrations of T4 hormone, TG, HDL - C, VLDL - C, uric acid, glucose and globulin, While no significant variations showed in total (WBCs), TSH hormone, ALT, AST and total protein comparison with the control group.The study results revealed that the effect of cabbage aqueous extract was better than carbimazole effect as antithyroid and as antioxidant role by reduction the harmful effects of the free radicals through some improvement was observed in many physiological and biochemical activities in the body and may be used in protection and treatment many of pathological cases specially Hyperthyroidism, cancer and cardiovascular diseases.

التاثير الوقائي لعصير التفاح الاخضر والمستخلص المائي للزنجبيل في التقليل من التاثيرات الفسلجية والكيموحيوية للاشعة فوق البنفسجية والاشعة السينية في الجرذان == The Protective Effect of Green Apple Juice And Ginger Aqueous Extract In Lowering of The Physiological And Biochemical Effect From Ultraviolet Ray And X - Ray In Rats

Author name: عبير امين مصطفى الامين
Supervisor name: زيد محمد مبارك المهداوي | منى حسين جانكير
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: صممت الدراسة الحالية لمعرفة التاثير الوقائي لعصير التفاح الاخضر (Malus domestica) والمستخلص المائي للزنجبيل (Zingiber officinale) من التاثيرات الضارة نتيجة التعرض للاشعة فوق البنفسجية والاشعة السينية في ذكور واناث الجرذان البيض لمدة ثلاثة ايام من خلال قيا | This study is designed to evaluate the protective effect of Green Apple (Malus domestica) juice and the aqueous extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale) against the side effect of Ultraviolet ray (UV) and X - ray in male and female albino rats for three days by examined some physiological and biochemical effects and histotoxicity in liver and kidney tissues. The rats with age (5 - 7) months and weight (250 - 350) g were divided into 16 groups (5 rats for each group) : group (1) control group received drinking tab water and ideal diet, group (2) Ultraviolet ray group only for half hour, group (3) Ultraviolet ray group only for one hour, group(4) UV group for half hour + green apple juice (2 ml/kg), group (5) UV group for half hour + green apple juice (4 ml/kg), group (6) UV group for one hour + green apple juice (2 ml/kg), group (7) UV group for one hour + green apple juice (4 ml/kg), group (8) UV group for half hour +ginger abstract (1000mg/kg), group (9) UV group for half hour +ginger abstract (2000mg/kg), group (10) UV group for one hour +ginger abstract (1000mg/kg), group (11) UV group for one hour +ginger abstract (2000mg/kg), group (12) X - ray group only, group (13) X - ray group+ green apple juice (2 ml/kg), group (14) X - ray group+ green apple juice (4 ml/kg), group (15) X - ray group+ ginger abstract (1000mg/kg), group (16) X - ray group+ ginger abstract (2000mg/kg).The study result showed that : 1. The radiation exposed rats by Ultraviolet ray for half hour and one hour and exposed group to X - ray only caused significant elevation in total count of leukocytes (WBCs), Platelets count, and in the level of blood sugar (glucose), Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride (TG), Low density lipoprotein - cholesterol (LDL - C), Very low density lipoprotein - cholesterol (VLDL - C), Phospholipids, Atherogenic indices levels, Urea, Creatinine, Malondialdehyde, Peroxy nitrate radical, and a significant decrease in Packed cell volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (Hb), count of Erythrocytes (RBCs), High density lipoprotein - cholesterol (HDL - C), total protein, Albumin, Globulin, Uric acid, Glutathione compared with control group.2. when the groups treated by green apple juice (2, 4 ml/kg) and the aqueous extract of ginger (1000, 2000 mg/kg) after that exposing rats to the radiation by Ultraviolet ray for half hour and the exposing groups to Ultraviolet ray for one hour only and the exposing groups to X - ray only showed significant reduction in total count of leukocytes (WBCs), Platelets count, and in the level of blood sugar (glucose), total Cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), Low density lipoprotein - cholesterol (LDL - C), Very low density lipoprotein - cholesterol (VLDL - C), Phospholipids, Atherogenic indices levels, Urea, Creatinine, Malondialdehyde, Peroxy nitrate radical, and a significant increase in Packed cell volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (Hb), count of erythrocytes (RBCs), High density lipoprotein - cholesterol (HDL - C), total protein, Albumin, Globulin, Uric acid, Glutathione compared with groups exposed to Ultraviolet ray only for half hour.3. The Exposing radiation of the rats groups by Ultraviolet ray and X - ray that lead to makes changes in tissues and many abnormalities in animals liver and kidney of these groups, in liver this included necrosis and degeneration in the hepatocytes and fibrosis and observed Atrophy hepatocytes and that lead to loss its normal shape and observed infiltration of Lymphocyte and many ceases of Central vein damage and degeneration of epithelial cells and that caused hemolysis and hemorrhage cases and appear of RBCs in tissue sections. While in Kidney the tissue abnormalities included necrosis and degeneration the epithelial cells of tubules and damage cases of glomerulus, tubeules and blood vesscles and degeneration of epithelial cells and that lead to hemorrhage cases in most area and combined with Infiltration of Lymphocyte.4. when the animals groups treated by green apple juice (2, 4 ml/kg) and the aqueous extract of ginger (1000, 2000 mg/kg) after that exposing rats to the radiation by Ultraviolet ray and X - ray, this abnormalities happened but more less, and observed the normals shaped in some area of tissues sections. The result showed the important and the ability of Green Apple juice (Malus domestica) and the aqueous extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in protect against the side effect of Ultraviolet ray and X - ray in male and female albino rats

دراسة عدد من المتغيرات الفسلجية والكيموحيوية المؤثرة في حصى الكلى لدى المرضى في مدينة تكريت وضواحيها == A Study of Number of Physiological And Biochemical Effectual of Renal CALCULI In Patients From Tikrit City And It'S Suburbs

Author name: حلا حميد مجيد جاسم
Supervisor name: وهبي عبد القادر سلمان | نهاد نجرس هلال
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: جرت هذه الدراسة في مستشفى تكريت التعليمي في محافظة صلاح الدين للفترة من تموز (2007) ولغاية كانون الثاني (2008) والتي تهدف لدراسة عدد من المتغيرات الفسلجية والكيموحيوية المؤثرة في حصى الكلى لدى المرضى في مدينة تكريت وضواحيها وتم قياس تركيز هرمون الباراثارم | This Study had been carried in Training Tikirt hospital Salah El - din governorate during the period of July (2007) up to December (2008). This Study aimed to study number of Physiological and Biochemical effectual of renal calcul in Patients from Tikrit City and it's Suburbs and the concentrations of Parathrmone (PTH) and Calcitonin (CT) had been determind and Number of electrolites Calcium (Ca++), Magnesium (Mg++), Phosphorus (P+++) and Uric Acid concentrations and another blood parametrs had been determind too count of White Blood Cell (WBCs) and averge of Erythrocytes Sedimentation Rate (ESR). Sixty patients and Thirty healthy male and female were selected.The total number of patients were (25, 35) femal and male while the total number of healthy were (13, 17). The avarege of their ages were (20 - 80) year.The Medical Staff in Training Tikirt hospital diagnozed the patients and healthyby depending on the Clinical, Lab and Ultra Sonard reports.The results showed that : 1 - There was no significantly increased among patients and healthy at the levels of Hormone (PTH) and (Ca++), While the patients were significantly increased (P<0.05), (P<0.01) comparing with the healthy at the levels of (P+++), (UA), (WBCs) and (ESR). There was significantly decreased (P<0.05), (P<0.01) at the levels of hormone (CT) and (Mg++) in patients comparatively with healthy.2 - The female patients were significantly increased (P<0.05), (P<0.01) at the levels of hormone (PTH), (P+++), (UA), (WBCs) and (ESR) comparing with healthy females while the patients male were significantly increased (P<0.05), (P<0.01) at the levels of hormone (CT), (UA), (WBCs) and (ESR). Healthy males were significantly increased (P<0.01) (Mg++) comparing with patients males and also the healthy females were significantly increased (P<0.05), (P<0.01) at the levels of hormone (CT) and (Mg++) comparing with patient females.3 - The patients were increased in their aged group (20 - 39) year comparing with healthy significantly (P<0.05), (P<0.01) at the levels of (P+++), (UA), (WBCs) and (ESR), while the healthy who were increased in this group significantly (P<0.01) at the level of (Mg++) comparing with patients. According to the group of (40 - 59) year we noticed asignificantly increased (P<0.05) patients comparing with healthy at the levels of (P+++), (UA) and (ESR). The healthy were significantly increased in this group (P<0.05) at the level of (Mg++) comparing with patients. In the group (60 - more) year the patients were significantly increased (P<0.05) comparing with healthy at the levels of hormone (PTH), (P+++), (UA), (WBCs) and (ESR). While the healthy were increased in this group significantly (P<0.05), (P<0.01) at the levels of hormone (CT) and (Mg++) comparing with patients.4 - The patients were significantly increased (P<0.05) in mass group(20 - 25) Kg/m2 comparing with healthy at the levels of (P+++), (UA), (WBCs) and (ESR). While the healthy were increased In this group significantly (P<0.05) at the levels of hormone (CT) and (Mg++) comparing with the patients. In the mass group (31 - more) Kg/m2 significantly increased (P<0.05), (P<0.01) at the levels of hormone (PTH), (P+++), (UA), (WBCs) and (ESR) comparing with healthy. The healthy achieved significantly increased (P<0.05), (P<0.01) at the levels of hormone (CT) and (Mg++).5 - According to the place of living we noticed asignificantly increased (P<0.05), (P<0.01) for patients who were living in cities at the levels of (P+++), (UA), (WBCs) and (ESR) comparing with healthy and they increased at the level of (Mg++). While the patients who were living in district were significantly increased (P<0.05) at the levels of (P+++), (UA), (WBCs) and (ESR) comparing with healthy. The patients who were living in village were significantly increased (P<0.05) at the levels of (P+++), (UA), (WBCs) and (ESR) comparing with healthy while the healthy achieved significantly increased (P<0.05) at the levels of hormone (CT) and (Mg++) comparing with patients.

دراسة التاثير المثبط لبعض انواع بكتريا حامض اللاكتيك ضد بعض انواع الفطريات الممرضة والمنتجة للسموم == Study The Inhibition Effect of Some Species of Lactic Acid Bacteria Against Some Pathogenic And Toxins Producing Fungi Types

Author name: لؤي برهان مصطفى محمد
Supervisor name: كركز محمد ثلج الجبوري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة في مختبرات قسم علوم الحياة في كلية التربية بهدف عزل وتشخيص بعض انواع بكتريا حامض اللاكتيك ومحاولة اختبار قابلية خلاياها او النواتج الايضية منها وكذلك دراسة تاثير المستويات المختلفة من درجة الحرارة والاس الهيدروجيني في القابليـة التثبيطية لب | This work aimed to investigate the effects of some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) species (cells or their metabolic products) at different temperatures and pH levels on some soil pathogenic or toxin produced fungi species. Six LAB isolates and the identification was depended on the morphological and cultural characterized and biochemical testes, the isolates were determined as Lactobacillus delubricii subsp. delubricii, Lactobacillus delubricii subsp. bulgaricus, Lactobcillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Leuconostoc mesentroides and Streptococcus thermophilus, and four fungal species Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Aspergillus fumigatus and Rhizopus stolinfer were identified. In this study the highest inhibition effect against the above mentioned fungi was shown by L. acidophilus as a significant (P< 0.05) efficacy where the diameter of inhibition zone in case of M. canis, T. mentagrophytes, A. fumigtus and R. stolonifer was 26, 32, 30 and 28 mm respectively. Less inhibition activity was exhibited by Leu. mesentroides and Str. thermophilus while the lowest inhibition was shown by L. delubricii. Results showed also that the temperature optimal for the growth of bacterial species (except L. casei and Str. thermophilus) tested and their inhibition activity was 30 °C. However, temperature of 35 °C was the optimal for the highest inhibitory effect of both L. casei and Str. thermophilus. At 25 °C of studied bacterial species showed decreased inhibitory effect against the tested fungi. Concerning the pH, the present study showed that the highest inhibitory of all tested bacteria species (except L. acidophilus) was at pH 6.5, L. acidophilus showed such activity at pH 5.5. This study revealed that the inhibitory effect of metabolites produced mixture of the tested bacterial species was directly proportional with its concentrate. Where this mixture was used at media concentration of 10, 20 and 40 mg/ml cultural. However, metabolic products from L. acidophilus, Leu. mesentroides and Str. thermophilus was the most effective in inhibition activity compared with the rest of the bacteria species used particularly at 40 mg/ml cultural media

دراسة بكتريولوجية لبيئة بعض كهوف شمال العراق والتحري عن الدور الجرثومي فيها == A Bacteriological Study On Some North Iraqi Caves Environment And Detection On The Bacterial Role In It

Author name: امنة غانم عمر العاني
Supervisor name: جهاد ذياب محل الجنابي | اميرة محمود محمد الراوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة اجراء عدد من الفحوصات البيئية والبكتريولوجية على عينات الصخور ومياه النضح البالغ عددها 100 عينة والماخوذة من بعض كهوف المنطقة الشمالية في العراق التي شملت بهيري, شرانش, خنس, بجيل وانشكي للفترة ما بين تشرين الثاني - 2010 لغاية نيسان - 2011.ت | This study was included some of ecological and bacteriological tests on rocks and dripping water samples which were included 100 samples taken from some of north region caves in Iraq including Beherii, Sharanish, Khanas, Bejeel and Inishky from the period between November - 2010 to April - 2011.The results of ecological tests which represented with cave environment temperature were ranged from (13 - 24)?C and dripping water temperature were ranged from (11 - 20)?C while the results of pH values for the same sample shows simple variation between (7 - 8) for dripping water and (6 - 9) for the rocks samples. The results of geological screening and mineralization by using X - Ray Fluorescence and X - Ray - Diffraction showed that Beherii cave was mainly composed of manganese with 102 ppm comparing with other caves. While the concentration of iron and sulfur oxides were very low for all caves. The rocks of Beherii and Khanas caves were mainly composed of Dolomite (CaMg (CO3)2), Sharanish cave was composed of Calcite (CaCO3) and Dolomite with the closed ratio, while the rocks of Bejeel and Inishky were composed mainly of Calcite. The isolated bacteria in this study were identified according to cultural and morphological characteristics and biochemical tests, while the bacillus species were identified by using Microgen Bacillus Id System. Twenty two bacterial isolates were identified from total samples. There were nine (9)identified isolates from Beherii cave with 40.9% including Arthrobacter spp., Lysobacter spp., Caulobacter spp., Bacillus freudenreichii and Bacillus subtilis in with 4.5% for each isolate, while there was 18.1% of Methanogenic bacteria with its four genuses including Methanobacterium spp., Methanobrevibacter spp. Methanospirillium spp. and Methanosata spp. In Sharanish cave there was one isolate of sulfur oxidizing bacteria with 4.5 % from the total isolates. Three isolates were identified from Khanas cave included Pseudomonas spp., Xanthobacter spp., Clostridium spp. with 4.5% for each isolate. In addition, it was obtained from a cave Bejeel on six isolates included Bacillus lichiniformis, Bacillus lentus and 2 isolates of Bacillus cereus group, Streptomyces spp. and Gallionella spp. with 4.5% for each isolate and Merismopedia spp., Myxococcus Xanthus, Clostridium spp. were Isolated from Inishky cave with 4.5%for each isolate. The relation between some of bacterial species were studied by detection of the lytic ability of Lysobacter spp. and Myxococcus xanthus for Arthrobacter spp.The microbial role in caves were studied by detection of the ability of some isolated bacteria in Calcium Carbonate (calcite) formation and estimatation of calcite production, Xanthobacter spp. was the highest productive bacteria which gives0.2073 gram during 14 days comparing with other bacterial species.In addition, the effect of temperature and pH on calcite formation by Bacillus freudenreichii were studied, the results showed variation on calcite shape in 20?C and 30?C while the highest value of calcite production in pH.8 was 0.1336 gram comparing with pH.9 with 0.0190 calcite gram. The study also detected the ability of some isolated bacteria to oxidize of iron, manganese and sulfur, where Streptomyces spp. Gallionella spp. and one isolate of bacillus cereus group have shown the ability of oxidize iron on leptothrix medium while Bacillus freudenreichii, Bacillus lichinformis, Bacillus lentus, one isolate of Bacillus cereus group and Streptomyces spp. have shown the ability to the oxidize of manganese on Krumbein and Altmann Agar Medium. In addition, sulfur oxidizing bacteria has shown ability to oxidize sulfur on M.S. Agar and produce sulfuric acid as a product of the oxidation process.

دراسة تاثير مياه مجاري سامراء على نوعية المياه في نهر دجلة == A Study On The Effect of Samarra Sewage Water On The Quality of Water In Tigris River

Author name: افراح طعمة خلف مطر البدري
Supervisor name: حميد سلمان خميس المهداوي | ياسين حسين عويد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت هذه الدراسة اختيار خمس محطات اربعة منها على نهر دجلة المار بمدينة سامراء بعد جسر سامراء والمحطة الخامسة والتي تمثل رقم 2 على مياه مجاري سامراء قبل ان تصب في مياه نهر دجلة.وقد تم اخذ العينات للمدة من شهر تشرين الاول 2010 حتى نهاية شهر ايلول 2011 وقد | The study included chosen five stations for water sampleing, four of them at Tigris river while the fifth station was chosen at samara sewage before meeting with Tigris river.Samples were collected monthly started from October 2010 until the end of September 2011. The study included the study of some physical, chemical and biological characteristics for river water and sewage and noticed the effects of sewage water on quality of these water in Tigris River, these characteristics clued in air , water temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solid, Total Suspseneded solid, dissolved oxygen(Do), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total hardness, calcium and magnesium hardness, chloride, alkalinity, nutrients concerteration, ( phosphate, nitrate) in addition the total number of bacteria and coliform bacteria.Water Temperature ranged through out the study ranged between (5° - 35°), while air temperature ranged between(5° - 38°) , Electrical Conductivity in the river ranged between (280 - 1480) mc/cm, where in sewage the electrical conductivity ranged between(1200 - 2180) mc/cm, while pH value tened to be slightly alkaline, it show very close value where ranged between(5.3 - 8.8). It was noticed that the pH value tened to be slightly acidic from January to August 2011. The results also show that the water were in good airation where the value of dissolved oxygen ranged between (3 - 10) mg/L in station one and stations five while the value of dissolved oxygen in stations two and three range between (2 - 6.5) mg/L.The result also showed that the concentration of total suspended solids ranged between(20 - 798) mg/L. where it has high value in April in all stations, this propably due to increase of discharge of the river which accompanied by suspended solid, while the dissolved solids in all station range between (250 - 1470) mg/L.The highest value recorded were, 1470 mg/ L on May 2011in station two.The value of total hardness for Tigris river ranged between hard to very hard(125 - 360) mgCaCO3/L in station one, four and five, whereas its value in stations two and three ranged between (200 - 925) mg/L. Calcium ion which is the cause of calcium hardness was higher than magnesium cencenrteration which is responsible of magnesium hardness, where calcium hardness ranged between (75 - 587.5) mg/ l and magnesium hardness ranged between (5 - 500) mg/l. chloride concentration ranged between (8 - 127.5) mg/l in all station, chloride cencetration in stations one, two, and five were in the allowable wnorld limit(8.5 - 68) mg/l. Alkalinity results showed that it related to carbonate and bicarbonate, and its ranged between (110 - 900) mg/l.While phosphate value ranged between(0.0106 - 1.999) µg atom - PO4/L, the lowest values were recorded in Tigris river, While the high value recorded in sewage station two, while nitrate value were fluctuated in all stations but the high value recorded in the second station is ranged between (0.0103 - 1.140) µg atom NO3/l. Result of microbiological study shown that there is high number of bacteria the average of total count of bacteria were(39.7×105، 17.31×105، 267× 105، 3.17 ×105، 0.0531×105) cell/ ml for all stations respectively, so it has been suggested that the water in Tigris river considered as polluted to very polluted while the resulty of Coliform bacteria were very high and the average number for all stations respectively as follows (209 × 105, 9809×105 , 25× 105, 1×105, 0.004×105 ( cell /ml According to these result the water is not suitable for direct drinking.Statistical analysis for most factors studied show significant differences between station one and station two and between station one and station three as well in stations four and five and there is no significant differences between station two and station three.

تاثير كبريتات الخارصين في احداث افات نسجية مرضية وتغيرات وزنية في بعض اعضاء الفئران البيض Mus musculuc الحوامل وتشوهات خلقية ظاهرية لاجنتها == Effect of Zinc Sulfate In Histopathological Lesions Production And Weight Changes In Pregnant White Mice Mus Musculus And Morphological Congenital Malformations of It'S Embryos

Author name: محمود نوفل مصطفى حمد الصالح
Supervisor name: عزيز خالد حميد | سهام توفيق امين
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology - Histology
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: درس قابلية الجرعات العالية من كبريتات الخارصين في احداث تغيرات مرضية نسجية في اناث الفار الابيض السويسري الحوامل وتشوهات خلقية في اجنتها، حيث جرعت الحوامل بمحلول كبريتات الخارصين المائية داخل المرئ، حيث قسمت الاناث الى خمس مجاميع الاولى : جرعت بماء مقطر
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