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الاحلام الواهمة والكوابيس في مسرحيات مختارة من ادورد البي == The Illusive Dreams And Nightmares In Selected Plays Of Edward Albee

اسم المؤلف: مي احمد مجيد
اسم المشرف: ريا عثمان النقشبندي
الموضوع العام: اللغات الاجنبية
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: الانكليزية - الادب
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

استخدام مستخلص قلف اشجار صنوبر زاويتا Pinus brutia Ten وبلوط الاكل L. Quercus aegilops لاصقا في انتاج الالواح الحبيبية المضغوطة == Utilization of Pinus brutia Ten. and Quercus aegilops L. Bark Extract as Adhesives for Particleboards Production

اسم المؤلف: منيب طاهر سلمان يحيى المفتي
اسم المشرف: وليد عبودي بني جرجيس قصير | اياد جاجان خورشيد محمد الداؤدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الموصل
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تؤدي اللواصق دورا مهما في تصنيع المنتجات الخشبية ولاسيما معامل الالواح الحبيبية المضغوطة، وتكون هذه اللواصق عادة بين لواصق فينولية وامينية ، حيث تستخدم غالبا لواصق اليوريافورمالديهايد والميلامين فورمالديهايد . ان استعمال اللواصق التانينية في انتاج الواح خارجية الاستخدام مقاومة للظروف الجوية نال قبولا متزايدا من النواحي الصناعية والتقنية خلال العقود الخمسة الماضية بعد ارتفاع اسعار اللواصق التركيبية المستخرجة من المشتقات البترولية . ان اغلب تراكيب التانين المستخدمة صناعيا لحد الان تعتمد على التانينات المتعددة الفلافونويد من نوع الريسورسينول كتانين الواتل (مستخلص الميموزا التجاري) والكوبراكو .وحققت هذه المركبات نجاحا متقدما عند احلالها محل اللواصق التركيبية في البلدان التي تنتج التانينات لانخفاض تكاليفهواافضليتها بيئيا.وفي هذه الدراسة التي اجريت في العراق استخدمت مستخلصات التانين من قلف بعض الاشجار الرئيسة النامية في شمال العراق وهي صنوبر زاويتا (Ten. Pinus brutia) وبلوط الاكل ( L. Quercus aegilops ) لواصق في انتاج الالواح الحبيبية المضغوطة .وقد تضمنت الدراسة مرحلتين : المرحلة الاولى تتعلق بخطوات الاستخلاص المختبري والصناعي . ففي القسم الاول تم استخلاص التانينات مختبريا بثلاث درجات من النقاوة باستخدام ثلاث طرق تتابعية للاستخلاص. وقد اظهر الفحص المختبري لقلف نوعي الاشجار العراقية المذكورين انفا اظهر وجود كميات مناسبة من المستخلصات التانينية وبانتاج كاف حيث كانت نسبة المحتوى من التانين هي (15.3 ، 12.65٪ ) للصنوبر والبلوط على التوالي. فضلا عن فاعليتها في الانتاج التجاري والتطبيقي من اللواصق التانينية الملائمة للمنتجات الخشبية. ان طبيعة هذه التانينات والمركبات التي تحتويها تم تحديدها باستخدام تقنية كروماتوغرافيا الطبقة الرقيقة لتشخيص مختلف المركبات وفصلها عن بعضها ، حيث تضمنت تانينات صنوبر بروتيا المركبات التانينية{( - )gallocatechin, ( - )catechin, ( - )epicatechin, (+)afzelechin} ومن تانينات بلوط الاكل المركبات التانينية{( - )catechin, ( - )epicatechin, (+)afzelechin, ( - )epiafzelechin, gallic acid, phloroglucinol, ( - )gallocatechin, ellagic acid} . ويتبين من هذه المركبات ان تانينات الصنوبر متكونة بصورة رئيسة من التانينات المتكثفة وبعض التانينات المتحللة في حين كانت تانينات البلوط متكونة بصورة رئيسة من التانينات المتحللة وبعض التانينات المتكثفة على شكل خليط معقد منهما. اما القسم الثاني من المرحلة الاولى فقد تضمن انتاج مستخلص التانين الصناعي من كلا النوعين من القلف باستخدام طريقة الاستخلاص المائي وباستعمال الهاضم البخاري ، ثم اضيف 0.25٪ من كل من sodium sulphite وsodium bisulphit لزيادة ثباتية المستخلص لحين الاستخدام ، وجرى بعدها تركيز المستخلص في جهاز التركيز البخاري للحصول على مستخلص بتركيز 50٪ من المواد الصلبة ، بعدها اصبح المستخلص جاهزا لتصنيع الالواح في المرحلة اللاحقة . وفي المرحلة الثانية من الدراسة صنعت الالواح بالمواصفات المختبرية ، وقد سبق تصنيع الالواح اجراء عملية كبرتة ومثيلة المستخلص المركز باستخدام 10٪ من مادة بارافورمالديهايد بوصفها مادة مصلبة واجريت الاختبارات على زمن تكون الهلام Gel - time وزمن التشغيل Pot - life وعند مختلف قيم الـ pH ، وظهر ان افضل زمن لتكون الهلام هو 7 دقائق عند pH( 5.5) ، حددت في ضوئها مدة الكبس الحار . ونظرا لاحتواء المستخلصات على نسبة من المواد غير التانينية التي تؤثر سلبا في مواصفات اللاصق ، فقد جرت تقوية مستخلص التانين باللاصق التركيبي يوريافورمالديهايد وبعدة نسب من الخلط لضمان مشاركته لعملية بلمرة التانين وتقويض دور المواد غير التانينية . صنع 180 لوحا حبيبيا بالمقياس المختبري (35×30×1.8 سم ) بمستويين من مصادر التانين ( صنوبر بروتيوا بلوط الاكل ) وخمسة مستويات من نسب الخلط تانين : يوريافورمالديهايد ( 100 : 0 ، 75 : 25 ، 50 : 50 ، 25 : 75 ، 0 : 100 ) وبمستويين من درجات حرارة المكبس (170 ، 190 م ) وثلاثة مستويات من فترات الكبس ( 8 ، 10 ، 15 دقيقة ) . صنعت الالواح تحت ضغط ( 1250 باوند / انج2 ) وبمحتوى من اللاصق 10٪ (بالاعتماد على وزن الحبيبات المجففة بالفرن و50٪ من المواد الصلبة للمستخلص ) للوصول الى كثافة اللوح (0.6 غم /سم3) بسمك (18ملم). ان الصفات الميكانيكية والفيزيائية فحصت طبقا للطرائق القياسية لـ2559 ASTM (1961) . اظهرت النتائج بان الصفات الميكانيكية للالواح (معاملي الكسر والمرونة وقوة التماسك) المصنعة بلاصق تانين الصنوبر كانت افضل من المصنعة بلاصق تانين البلوط. كما اظهرت النتائج امكانية تقوية اللواصق التانينية باليوريافورمالديهايد عند نسبة تانين الصنوبر25 - 50٪ ونسبة تانين البلوط 25٪. وكان لدرجة حرارة المكبس (190 م) الاثر في تحسين صفات الالواح الميكانيكية ولاسيما عند مدة الكبس (10 دقائق)، اذ بلغ اعلى معامل كسر (160.45 و149.75 كغم/سم2) واعلى معامل مرونة (11339.7 و10883.7 كغم/سم2) واعلى قيمة لقوة التماسك (7.33 و6.06 كغم/سم2) للالواح المصنعة بتانين الصنوبر وتانين البلوط على التوالي، وان الالواح المذكورة اجتازت قيم الواح المقارنة ولاقت المواصفات الامريكية 2559 ASTM (1961). كما اظهرت فحوصات الصفات الفيزيائية (النسبة المئوية لامتصاص الماء والانتفاخ بالسمك والتمدد الطولي) سلوك التانينات، والفورمالديهايد ومحتوى المستخلصات من الشمع بالنسبة للصنوبر والاسترات بالنسبة للبلوط بوصفها مواد طاردة للماء. وتساوى النوعان تقريبا في تحسين الصفات الفيزيائية للالواح المصنعة. اذ اظهرت النتائج امكانية تقوية اللواصق التانينية باليوريافورمالديهايد عند نسبة تانين الصنوبر 25 - 75 ٪ ونسبة تانين البلوط 25 - 50 ٪ وكان لدرجتي حرارة المكبس الاثر في خفض المحتوى الرطوبي وزيادة مقاومة الالواح لامتصاص الماء فضلا عن ثباتية ابعادهوالاسيما عند مدة الكبس الاطول 15 دقيقة. اذ بلغت اقل نسبة امتصاص (59.971 و60.566 ٪) في الالواح المصنعة بتانين الصنوبر وتانين البلوط على التوالي عند نسبة التانين 25٪ ودرجة حرارة 170 م ومدة كبس 15 دقيقة ، وبلغت اقل نسبة للانتفاخ بالسمك (18.204 ٪) في الالواح المصنعة بتانين الصنوبر بنسبة 50٪ ودرجة حرارة 190 م ومدة كبس 8 دقائق وبلغت (18.904 ٪) في الالواح المصنعة بتانين البلوط بنسبة 25٪ ودرجة حرارة 170 م ومدة كبس 15 دقيقة ، وبلغت اقل نسبة للتمدد الطولي (0.05 ٪) في الالواح المصنعة بتانين البلوط بنسبة 50٪ ودرجة حرارة 190 م ومدة كبس 15 دقيقة و(0.14 ٪) في الالواح المصنعة بتانين الصنوبر بنسبة 25٪ ودرجة حرارة 170 م ومدة كبس نفسها .وبصورة عامة يمكن اجمال نتائج هذا العمل ، بامكانية استخدام المستخلصات المائية لقلف اشجار صنوبر زاويتوابلوط الاكل بعد سلسلة من خطوات التحوير الكيميائي لها كلاصق في صناعة الالواح الحبيبية المضغوطة الملائمة للاستخدامات الخارجية لمتانتهوامقاومتها للرطوبة. | Adhesives play an important role in the manufacture of wood - based products specially in particleboard mills. The resins manufactured are usually the range of amino and phenolic resins. For particleboards, only urea - formaldehyde and melamine urea - formaldehyde resins are being utilized.The use of tannin adhesives for manufacture of exterior grade weatherproof panel products has been gaining increasing industrial and technical acceptance during the last 50 years. All the formulations used industrially up to now have been based on the use of resorcinolic - type polyflavonoid tannins such as wattle (mimosa extract of commerce) and quebracho. These products have been progressively displacing synthetic adhesives in countries where these tannins are produced due to their lower cost and excellent performance. In this study tannin extracts from the bark of two main species grown in the northern part of Iraq ( Pinus brutia and Quercus aegilops ) were used as adhesives for particleboards production . The study involved two parts, the first part delt with the processes of extraction in laboratory scale and commercially. In laboratory, tannins were extracted with three degrees of purity by using three different sequences. In summary the two Iraqi trees examined appeared to have barks that are suitable for the production of tannin extracts in sufficient yield, with a high tannin content ( 15.3 ; 12.65 %) in Pinus brutia and Quercus aegilops respectively , and more than adequate reactivity to commercial and technically viable tannin - adhesives for wood products.The nature and the compounds included in these tannins were confirmed by TLC technique the identified compounds isolated from Pinus brutia bark tannins were {( - ) catechin, ( - ) epicatechin, ( - ) gallocatechin, (+)afzelechin } and from Quercus aegilops bark tannins were {gallic acid , phloroglucinol , ellagic acid, ( - ) gallocatechin, ( - ) catechin, ( - ) epicatechin, ( - ) epiafzelechin, (+) afzelechin}. It appeared that, Pinus tannins were mainly consist of condensed type with some hydrolysable type compounds while in Quercus tannin compounds were mainly of hydrolysable type and some of condensed type as a complex mixture. In the second stage of this part, tannins extracted in al large scale with aqueous extraction by the digester, 0.25% of sodium sulphite and sodium bisulphite were added to the extracts in order to increase their stability untile use . Then the whole extract of each bark species concentrated to 50% solid content, the extracts were ready to be used for manufacturing of panels in the later section of this study.In the second part panels were manufactured at laboratory scale. Prior to panels manufacturing the concentrated extracts were methylated by 10% of Para formaldehyde as a hardener at extracts pH of 5.5. The gel time and pot life were determined experimentally for the two extracts.Because of the existence of non - tannins compounds, the T - F extracts were mixed with urea - formaldehyde (UF) in different percentages for fortifying the T - F polymer. 180 panels of laboratory scale particleboards were manufactured at two levels of tannin sources (Pinus brutia and Quercus aegilops) , five levels of mixing percentages of tannin : UF namely ( 100 : 0 ; 75 : 25 ; 50 : 50 ; 25 : 75 and 0 : 100 ), two levels of press temperature (170 ; 190 °C ) ,three levels of press time ( 8 ; 10 ; 15 ) , each treatment was replicated three times. The panels were manufactured under pressure of 1250 psi , 10 % resin content ( based on oven dry weight of the chips and 50% solid content of extracts ) were used to get a target density of 0.6 gm/cm3 at panel thickness 18 mm . The physical and mechanical properties of produced panels were tested according to ASTM standard 2559 (1961). The results showed that Pinus brutia tannins get better mechanical properties (MOR, MOE and IB) of panels than Quercus aegilops and, it appeared that there is a possibility of fortifying tannin adhesives and getting better properties by using urea - formaldehyde with 25 - 50 % Pinus brutia tannins and 25 % with Quercus aegilops tannins. Press temperature (190° C) also improved the mechanical properties of panels, at 10 minutes pressing time. The highest values of MOR were (160. 45, 159.75 kg \ cm2), of MOE were (11339.7, 10883.7 kg \ cm2) and of IB were (7.33, 6.06 kg \ cm2), for Pinus brutia tannins and Quercus aegilops tannins respectively obtained at 190° C and 10 minutes pressing time. The panels were close in their mechanical properties to the values mentioned in ASTM 2559. With regard to the physical properties of panels (water absorption, thickness swelling and linear expansion percentage) revealed tannins behaviour, formaldehyde and wax content for pine and esters for oak as hydrophobic materials. Both types were equal in improving the physical properties of the panels. It is noticed that fortifying tannin adhesives by urea formaldehyde at 25 - 75 % of Pinus brutia tannins and 25 - 50 % of Quercus aegilops tannins a better results can be obtained. Press temperature reduced moisture content and increased panel resistance to water absorption at 15 minutes pressing. The lowest water absorption % were (59.971 and 60.566%) in panels produced from Pinus brutia tannins and Quercus aegilops tannins respectively both at 25 % tannin, 170° C and 15 minutes pressing. The lowest thickness swelling was 18.204 % in panels with Pinus brutia tannins at 50 %, 190° C and 8 minutes pressing time. As for Quercus aegilops tannins, the lowest thickness swelling was (18.904 %) in panels at 25 %, 170° C and 15 minutes pressing time. The lowest linear expansion was (0.05 %) in panels with Pinus brutia tannins at 50 %, 190° C and 15 minutes pressing time, and 0.14 % for panels made from Quercus aegilops tannins at 25 %, 170 ° C and 15 minutes pressing time. The results of this work can be summarized that there is a possibility of using aqueous extract from the bark of Pinus brutia trees and Quercus aegilops trees after chemical modification as a binder in particleboard production. The results also showed that there is an ability to substitute 25 - 50 % of synthetic adhesives by Pinus brutia tannins and by 25 % of Quercus aegilops tannins, at 190 °C press temperature and press time 10min. A good hydrophobicity appeared in the panels, because of the existence of tannins, formaldehyde, and wax content

تصميم وتنفيذ نظام مراقبة وتوثيق العمل الخاطئ للاجهزة == Fault and Accounting Components Monitor System Design and Implementation

اسم المؤلف: ريم باقر جعفر الصفار
اسم المشرف: لمياء حافظ خالد | سوسن كمال ثامر
الموضوع العام: علوم الحاسبات
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحاسبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: مع النمو المتزايد والتطور في استخدام الشبكات والانترنت في الكليات, الشركات وغيرها, اصبح من الضروري ايجاد طريقة ما لتحسين اداء وكفاءة استخدام هذه الشبكات. بسبب النمو المتزايد في عدد المستخدمين والاجهزة الطرفية المستخدمة في هذه الاماكن مثل الطابعات, السكنرات, والكاميرات, هناك مشاكل متنوعة يجب حلها, مثلا توقف جهاز طرفي بعيد عن العمل لسبب معين.لحل هذه المشاكل وضمان الاداء الجيد, والصيانة المستمرة للاجهزة الطرفية في الشبكة, من الممكن استخدام نظام مراقبة لهذا الغرض.هذا العمل يهتم بتنفيذ نظام مراقبة للاجهزة الطرفية يسمى نظام مراقبة حالة الاجهزة (Device Status Monitoring System) (DSMS). هذا النظام يصنف ضمن انظمة مراقبة الخطا وتسجيل التقارير (fault and account monitoring).الهدف من هذا البحث هو مراقبة جهاز طرفي بعيد او اكثر والذي يكون مربوطا باجهزة الحاسوب على الشبكة المحلية (LAN).النظام المقترح (DSMS) ممكن ان يراقب حالة الطابعة , السكانر, والكاميرا. بالاضافة الى ذلك, يقوم بخزن معلومات عن الطابعة في قواعد بيانات خاصة, والتي من الممكن ان يستخدمها المراقب في وقت لاحق.من اجل تنفيذ (DSMS), تم استخدام لغتي برمجة وهما JAVA وVC++. لغة JAVA تستعمل من اجل دعم فعاليات الشبكة, بينما VBC++ تتعامل مع API الخاصة بنظام التشغيل. Java Native Interface (JNI) استخدمت للربط بين هاتين اللغتين. | With the recent growth and development of the network and internet usage in colleges, companies and other network places, it is important to find some way to improve the reliability and efficiency of using these networks. Because of the large - scale growth in the number of users and peripheral devices used in these places such as (printers, scanners, and cameras), there are a variety of problems which have to be solved, such as remote peripheral device is stopped for a specific reason.To solve these problems and guarantee the good performance and continuous maintenance of peripheral devices in the network, a monitoring system can be used for this purpose.This work concerned with the implementation of a monitoring system on peripheral devices called Device Status Monitoring System (DSMS). It is a network monitoring type that could be classified as fault and accounting monitoring system.The aim of this research is to monitor one or more remote peripheral devices which are connected to the network PC(s) in a LAN. The proposed (DSMS) can monitor the status of printer, scanner, and camera. In addition, it saves the printer information on special files which can be used later by the Administrator.To implement DSMS, two programming language were used JAVA and VC++. Java language is used to support network activities, while VC++ deals with operating system API. Java Native Interface (JNI) is used to combine these two languages

تقنية لتحسين اداء نظام التشفير (McEliece) == A Mechanism to Enhance McEliece Cryptosystem Performance

اسم المؤلف: نور رضا عبد الرزاق القزاز
اسم المشرف: ستار بدر سدخان المالكي | جمال محمد كاظم
الموضوع العام: علوم الحاسبات
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحاسبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعتبر موضوع الترميز وفك ترميز البيانات المرسلة عبر قنوات الاتصال من المواضيع التي لاقت اهتماما كبيرا. من المعروف ان هناك العديد من الانواع لترميز تصحيح الخطا : من هذه الانواع ترميز الـ hamming وترميز الـ hamming extended. ترميز الـ hamming له قابيلة اكتشاف وتصحيح خطا واحد في حين ترميز الـ hamming extended له قابيلة اكتشاف خطاين بالاضافة الى اكتشاف وتصحيح خطا واحد. هذا العمل يهتم بتنفيذ نظام التشفير(McEliece) عندما يستخدم ترميز الـ hamming وترميز الـhamming extended, تقييم الامنية لهذا النظام وتحسين اداء هذا النظام. نظام التشفير(McEliece) وهو نظام تشفير المفتاح المعلن الذي يعتمد على نظرية الترميز الجبري. تصميم وتنفيذ النظام يتالف من اربعة مراحل. المرحلة الاولى هي مرحلة توليد المفتاح لنظام التشفير(McEliece) باستخدام ترميز الـ hammingوترميز الـ hamming extended. هناك ثلاثة مفاتيح سرية تشترك في توليد هذا المفتاح (المصفوفة المولدة, المصفوفة التي لها معكوس ومصفوفة الابدال). المرحلة الثانية هي مرحلة التشفير, في هذه المرحلة الرسالة الاصلية تحول الى رسالة مشفرة. الرسالة الاصلية تشفر باستخدام المفتاح المعلن الذي تم توليده في المرحلة الاولى وبعد ذلك يتم اضافة خطا الى هذه الرسالة. المرحلة الثالثة هي مرحلة فك الشفرة. المفاتيح السرية سوف تستخدم في هذه المرحلة لفك تشفير الرسالة المشفرة والحصول على الرسالة الاصلية. وكذلك في هذه المرحلة فان الرسالة المشفرة سوف تصحح من الخطا الذي اضيف لها. المرحلة الاخيرة تتعلق بتقييم الامنية لنظام التشفير(McEliece). عملية التقييم تعتمد على استخدام نوع من انواع الهجوم المسمى (brute force), وامنية هذا النظام يمكن ان تقاس من خلال مقاومته لهذا النوع من الهجوم. بعد استعمال هذا الهجوم بعض نقاط الضعف قد ظهرت ولوحظت. للتغلب على هذه النقاط ولجعل هذا النظام اكثر امنا قد اقترحت ونفذت تقنية مطورة لهذا الغرض. كذلك في هذه المرحلة انواع اخرى من متغيرات هذا النظام قد تم تقييمها وهي حجم المفتاح, توسع الرسالة ونسبة المعلمومات. امنية, تنفيذ واستخدام هذا النظام يتاثربهذه المتغيرات.كل البرامج المطلوبة لانجاز هذا المشروع او العمل قد نفذت باستعمال اللغة البرمجية (visual basic) الاصدار السادس التي تعمل في بيئة نظام التشغيل (Windows XP). | Encoding and decoding of transmitted data through the communication system is considered as an important subject that paid great attention. It is well known that there are many types of error correction codes; some of these types are hamming and extended hamming codes. Hamming code can detect and correct single error while extended hamming code can detect two and correct one only.This work is concerned with the implementation of McEliece cryptosystem by using hamming code and extended hamming code, evaluate the security of this cryptosystem and enhance the performance of it. McEliece cryptosystem is a public key cryptosystem based on algebraic coding theory. The system design and implementation consists of four phases. The first phase is the key generation phase of McEliece cryptosystem using hamming code and extended hamming code. There are three secret keys participate in creating public key (generator matrix, non - singular matrix, and permutation matrix). The second phase is the encryption phase, in this phase the original message is converted to encrypted message. The original message is encrypted by using the public key generated in the first phase, and then adding the error to it. The third phase is the decryption phase. The secret keys are used in this phase to decrypt the encrypted message and to obtain the original one. Also, in decryption process the message is decoded from the errors added to it. The last phase is concerned with evaluating the security of this cryptosystem (McEliece cryptosystem). The evaluation was based on using brute force attack, and the security of this cryptosystem can be measured by its resistance to this type of attack. After applying this attack some weak points have been noticed. To overcome these weak points and to make this cryptosystem more secure, a modification was proposed an implemented. In this phase other cryptosystem parameters have been evaluated, they are : public key size, message expansion and information rate. The security, implementation and the use of this cryptosystem are issues significantly affected by these parameters. All required programs, in this research project have been implemented by using Visual Basic (version 6) programming language working in Window XP operating system platform

تحليل المعالم النسيجية الاحصائية للصور الرمادية == Statistical Textural Features Analysis for Gray Images

اسم المؤلف: سارة عباس عاصم النقشبندي
اسم المشرف: ليث عبد العزيز العاني
الموضوع العام: علوم الحاسبات
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحاسبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعتبر عملية استخراج المعالم المميزة characteristic features)) احدى الطرق المعتمدة لغرض تميز الانماط في الصور, كما تعتبر عملية استخراج المعالم المميزة بشكل عددي احدى الطرق المعتمدة لغرض تميز الانماط في الصور الرقمية, كما تعتبر عملية استخراج المعالم المميزة باعتماد مصفوفة التواجد ((Co - occurrence matrix احدى اهم الطرق المستخدمة لغرض تميز الانماط في الصور النسيجية. يهدف البحث الى دراسة المعالم المميزة للصور النسيجية ولهذا الغرض تم اختيار ثمان من المعالم او المتغيرات وهي : (Maximum probability, entropy, homogeneity, cluster shade, cluster prominence, contrast, angular second moment and inverse difference moment)في هذا البحث تم استخدام طريقتين لحساب هذه المتغيرات باعتماد مصفوفة التواجد, ففي الطريقة الاولى تم حساب المتغيرات اعتمادا على معدل مصفوفة التواجد والمحسوبة للزوايا ( o0 , o45 , o90 , وo135) اما الطريقة الثانية فقد تم حساب المتغيرات اعتمادا على مصفوفة التواجد ولكل زاوية من الزوايا ( o0 , o45 , o90 , وo135) حيث يتم استخراج اربع قيم لكل من المتغيرات المختارة ومن ثم يتم حساب المعدل لكل من هذه المتغيراتولتنفيذ الطرق المقترحة في هذا البحث تم اختيار ثلاثة اشكال من الصور النسيجية والتي تم توظيفها كصور اختباريه لحساب المتغيرات المختارة.تم تكميم الصور لمستويات مختلفة ( 8 ,16, 32)ومن ثم تم تجزئة الصور الى مربعات بابعاد مختلفة(64×64 و32×32) ثم تم تطبيق الطرق المقترحة على كل صورة من الصور المختارة ولكل حالة من الحالات المشار اليها. اظهرت النتائج ان معظم قيم المتغيرات المحسوب متطابقة في كلا الطريقتين ولكل حالة من حالات التكميم والتجزئة عدا قيم ال entropy حيث اظهرت القيم تغيرا محسوسا في كلا الطريقتين ولكل حالة من حالات التكميم والتجزئة. يمكن توظيف هذه النتيجة لغرض زيادة الدقة في تصنيف الصور النسيجية عندما تكون المناطق المختلفة ذات الطبيعة النسيجية متقاربة من بعضها من حيث الشكل. | The process of the characteristic feature extraction is one of the adopted techniques for the purpose of pattern recognition in the images. The process of the characteristic feature extraction numerically is one of the adopted techniques for the purpose of pattern recognition in the digital images, and the process of the characteristic feature extraction depending on the Co - occurrence matrices is one of the most important techniques for the purpose of pattern recognition in the textured images. This work aim to study the characteristic features for the textured images, eight characteristic features are selected to investigate the aim of this work. These selected features are : Maximum probability, entropy, homogeneity, cluster shade, cluster prominence, contrast, angular second moment, and the inverse difference moment.In this research, the characteristic features depending on the Co - occurrence matrix are extracted in two ways. In the first one, the characteristic features are extracted depending on average Co - occurrence matrices which be extracted for four angles (0o, 45o, 90o, and 135o). While in the second method, the characteristic features are extracted depending on the Co - occurrence matrix for each angle of the following angles (0o, 45o, 90o, and 135o). In this method, four values for each of the selected characteristic features are extracted. Then the average values for each of the characteristic features are extracted depending on the extracted four values.To study the effect of block size on the calculation of the statistical characteristic features, the statistical features are calculated for the whole image and for each block in the image after dividing the image into blocks with block size (32x32) and for each block in the image after dividing the image into blocks with block size (64x64). In addition, to study the effect of quantization level on the calculation of the statistical characteristic features three values (8, 16 and 32) of quantization level are adopted in this research.All the calculations are applied on the three textured images with 256 gray levels selected from Brodatz album. The results show the calculation for most the selected features not change except the feature of the entropy where the difference in the extracted value of the entropy in the two ways is perceptible. This property can be utilized to increase the discrimination power in the classification process.

تطوير نظام استرجاع صورة معتمد على المحتويات

اسم المؤلف: مهدي كزار دعيمي
اسم المشرف: لؤي ادور جورج | ليث عبد العزيز العاني
الموضوع العام: علوم الحاسبات
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحاسبات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: In this thesis, a Content - Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) system is presented that supports querying with respect to color and texture low - level features. The fundamental idea is to generate automatically image descriptors by analyzing the image content. The focus will be on computing global similarity between images. Query is made upon images of homogeneous color/texture that do not require segmentation. The selected images domain is fashion and interior design.The underlying techniques are based on the adoption of Gray Level Cooccurrence Matrix (GLCM) and correlogram (correlation histogram) as statistical approaches to texture analysis. In addition, cumulative histogram and moments are utilized in color analysis. These techniques are applied in separated and combined manners.Each image is represented by features vector(s) in the features space.These vectors are indexed using an iterative clustering algorithm called Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (HAC) which provides easy - to - index data structures as well as faster query execution facilities. The degree of similarity between images is defined by the distance in the features space. Given a query image, the system first extracts its features vector, and then compares this vector with those of the images pointed along the index structure using wide or narrow search algorithms. In this way, the matched images could be ranked and put into group according to the distance of their features vectors to the query one. This ranked group is considered as the query result.During the evaluation process a comparison study is made between different applied retrieval schemes. Cumulative histogram proved to be the best according to the selected domain, both as a separated retrieval scheme or when it is combined with GLCM or correlogram, respectively. The conducted experimental evaluation showed that the clustering based indexing algorithm offers high retrieval accuracy with a considerable reduction in the number of required similarity comparisons. Search efficiency is improved due to the fact that the query image is not compared exhaustively with all the images listed inthe database.

تقنيات التحقق باستخدام الاشارة الكلامية وبصمات الاصابع

اسم المؤلف: مصطفى ضياء توفيق الحسني
اسم المشرف: عبد الكريم عبد الرحمن كاظم | فينوس وزير سماوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحاسبات
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحاسبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

تقييم تلوث الهواء في محطة كهرباء الدورة == Assessment of Air Pollution in Al - Durah Power - Plant

اسم المؤلف: محمد شبيب عبد رميض الخالدي
اسم المشرف: عدنان حسن عفج خبير | صباح يوسف سمعان
الموضوع العام: علوم الجو
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الجو
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: لغرض تقييم تلوث الهواء في محطة كهرباء الدورة وبيان التاثيرات البيئية على العاملين داخل المحطة وعلى المناطق السكنية القريبة والمحيطة بها ، تم اختيار (11) موقعا داخل وخارج المحطة لتحديد تراكيز الدقائق العالقة وتراكيز الرصاص في الهواء اضافة الى قياس عناصر المناخ من ( درجة الحرارة والرطوبة النسبية وسرعة واتجاه الرياح ). وكذلك تم اختيار عينة عشوائية من العاملين في المحطة لتحديد تراكيز الرصاص في دمهم. بالاضافة الى حساب تراكيز الرصاص في بعض انواع من النباتات مثل اوراق نبات النبق ونبات الدفلة داخل بعض مواقع المحطة. بلغ عدد العينات التي تم جمعها (156) عينة شملت : (124) : لعينات الهواء داخل وخارج المحطة. (20 ) : لعينات دم العاملين داخل المحطة.(12) : لعينات اوراق نباتات داخل المحطة. تمت عملية النمذجة للهواء من داخل وخارج المحطة للفترات الصباحية والمسائية ولفصلي الشتاء والصيف. بينت نتائج الدراسة ارتفاع تراكيز الدقائق العالقة في هواء المحطة لاسيما في مواقع الوحدات الانتاجية والمواقع القريبة من الوحدات البخارية حيث كانت بنسبة (51%) لموقع الوحدة الثالثة و(11%) لموقع الوحدة الرابعة خلال فترة القياس الاولى (شتاء) و(32%) لموقع الوحدة الثالثة و(20%) لموقع الوحدة الرابعة خلال فترة القياس الثانية (صيفا) ، وانها تفوق المحددات المسموح بها وطنيا وعالميا . اما تراكيز الرصاص فقد بلغت اعلى قيم لها في موقع مضخات الوقود ومواقع الوحدات البخارية وبنسبة (15%) لموقع مضخات الوقود و(7%) لموقع الوحدة الثالثة و(17%) لموقع الوحدة الرابعة خلال فترة القياس الاولى (شتاء) وبلغ (5%) و(26%) و(21%) لنفس المواقع على التوالي خلال فترة الثانية (صيفا). وبينت الدراسة ان تركيز الرصاص يعتمد على نوع الوقود المستخدم في المحارق ونسبة الشوائب فيه وعلى عملية الاحتراق وكفاءة الوحدات الانتاجية اضافة الى مكان واتجاه وضع الجهاز. وان تركيزه في دم العاملين الذين تتجاوز اعمارهم عن (40) سنة هي اعلى من تراكيز الرصاص للاعمار التي تقل عن (40) سنة وان التحاليل الطبية (Hb وP.C.V وW.P.C) للبعض منهم لوحظ فيها انخفاضا طفيفا مقارنة مع المحددات القياسية. واخيرا لوحظ ايضا ان تراكيز الرصاص في الدم لعاملي ومشغلي المراجل البخارية والوحدات الغازية هي اعلى من تراكيز الرصاص لبقية المواقع كما انها اعلى من المدى الطبيعي لتركيز الرصاص في الدم . ان التاثير الصحي للملوثات المنبعثة على العاملين والمواطنين الساكنين بقرب او جوار المحطة كان واضحا جدا ، من خلال الاستبيان ، الذي تم اجراءه ، حيث لوحظ ان اكثر الامراض التي يعاني منها سكان المناطق القريبة من المحطة هي الامراض القلبية وامراض الحساسية وامراض الجهاز التنفسي والربو . اما حالة الوفيات فمعضمها كان ناتجا عن الامراض السرطانية والامراض القلبية . وقد تكون المطلقات الصلبة ( الدقائق العالقة والرصاص ) ، اضافة الى المطلقات الغازية ( CO , SO2 , No2, …. ) سببا لهذه الامراض والوفيات ، علما انه تم في هذه الدراسة حساب كميات الانبعاث للملوثات الغازية ( HC, CO , SO2 , NO2 ) خلال السنوات (2005 - 2001) ، ولوحظ ان كميات غاز SO2 المنبعثة من محطة كهرباء الدورة كانت هي الاعلى بين هذه الغازات. | In order to assess the air pollution in Al - Durah Power - Plant, and also to indicate the environmental impact on the workers on it, and on the residential area near and around it, eleven sites inside and outside the Power - Plant have been chosen for ambient air sampling, and 20 blood samples from the workers of this Power - Plant were collected. Biological samples of some perennial plants such as Ziziphus Spina christi and Nerium oleander were also colleted. Suspended Particulates (S. P) and Lead (Pb) were determined in ambient air samples, while only Pb were measured in blood and plants samples. Meteorological measurements of temperature, humidity, and wind speed and wind direction have been done.The sum of all samples, that have been collected, attained 156, and these samples comprise as follows :  124 ambient air samples that were collected annually inside and outside the Power - Plant during the matutinal and evening interval. 20 blood samples from the workers in different departments and units of Power - Plant. 12 samples of perennial plants.The results of this study clarified that the concentration of TSP in ambient air inside the Power - Plant were rather high, especially in the site of the electricity production units and in the vicinity of the steamy units, the percentage of concentrations were (51%) of unit three site and (11% ) of unit four site during winter season, (32%) of unit three and (20%) of unit four during summer season.These concentrations were higher than the local and national standards limits. Whereas the concentrations of Pb reached a higher values in fuel pump site and in steamy unit site, and were (15%) of fuel pump site, (7%) of unit three site and (17%) of unit four site during winter season; (5%), (26%) and (21%) in the same location respectively during summer season It was found, that the concentrations of Pb in ambient air depend on kind of fuel used and the impurities within it, combustion process, efficiency of the production units, and also the place and directional setting of the instrumental air samplers. The Pb concentrations in blood samples indicate that the workers with more than 40 years old have had higher concentrations than those with less than 40 years old, and the medical analyses of blood film (W.B.C., P.C.V., and Hb) of some workers in Power - Plant, showed a slight fall in values in comparison with the standards limits.The health impact of pollutants emitted by Power - Plant on the workers of this plant and also on the residential area in the vicinity of the Power - Plant, was very conspicuous through the questionnaire, that have been done during this study, which concludes that, most people living near or around the Power - Plant have suffered from different illness and diseases such as asthma attacks, cardiac problems and upper and lower respiratory problems each year. Most of death cases were caused or might be resultant of cancer and cardiac diseases, and the emission of TSP, Pb beside the gaseous emission may be the reasons for such illness, diseases and deaths

حساب طول الخشونة السطحية لمنطقة بغداد باستخدام المعايير القياسية

اسم المؤلف: عقيل غازي مطر
اسم المشرف: منعم حكيم خلف الجبوري
الموضوع العام: علوم الجو
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الجو
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: في هذا البحث تم اجراء دراسة حقلية لقياس طول او ارتفاع الخشونة السطحيةZo في مدينة بغداد بالطرق القياسية وذلك من خلال نصب اجهزة لقياس سرعة واتجاه الرياح في ارتفاعين مختلفين هما 15 m و20 m على التوالي في منطقة باب المعظم باعتبارها مركزا لمدينة بغداد ، وكذلك تم تسجيل درجات الحرارة لحساب الاستقرارية الجوية بحيث يتم اختيار الرصدات التي يكون فيها الجو متعادلا. تم تسجيل المعلومات انفة الذكر لمدة ثلاث الى اربع ساعات يوميا وعلى مدى ستة عشر يوما امتدت من تاريخ 4 /4 / 2006 ولغاية 20 / 4 / 2006 ، وكان اختيار هذه الفترة الزمنية من العام لكون سرعة الرياح تشهد نشاطا ملحوظا خلال هذه الفترة في القطر بشكل عام . ومن ثم تمت دراسة علاقة سرعة الرياح باستقرارية الجو ، كما وقام الباحث بحساب معدل ارتفاع عناصر الخشونة (ZH ) في منطقة البحث وحساب طول الازاحة الصفرية (Zd ) لمنطقة البحث .اضافة الى ذلك فقد تم حساب قيمة طول الخشونة السطحية بثلاث طرق قياسية هي : 1 - طريقة صيغة بوتيما (Bottema). 2 - طريقة صيغة ليتاو (Lettau) .3 - طريقة لوغارثم الرياح. والمقارنة بينها لايجاد انسب الطرق واكثرها دقة .ومن خلال النتائج التي تم استخلاصها امكن التوصل الى ان طريقة لوغارثم الرياح لايجاد طول الخشونة وطريقة صيغة (Bottema) والتي تراوحت قيمتهما بين 1.24m و1.12m تعتبران من الطرق الاكثر تقاربا ودقة في نتائجها, التي من خلالها يمكن تصنيف مدينة بغداد على انها منطقة حضرية ذات خشونة متوسطة بالاعتماد على النتائج التي تمخض عنها البحث . | In the present work a field study carred out to measure the surface roughness length (Zo) in Baghdad city . standard methods have been used . Apparatus of wind speed and direction was set up on 15 m and 20 m height respectively in Bab AL - Muadam can be consider as the center of Baghdad . Temperature degrees were recorded continuously to estimate the air stability to choose the observations that were recorded in neutral conditions . The previous in formation were recorded for 3 to 4 hoarse daily for sixteen day from 4/4/2006 to 20/4/2006 because of the activity of wind speed in this period in Iraq .Also the relation between wind speed and the stability was studied in this research , and was calculated the average height of roughness element (ZH)and the Displacement length (Zd) for research region .The value of surface roughness length was calculated by three standard method to find the optimum and accurate method .From the research result was found that the wind logarithm method to calculate the roughness length and the (Bottema) formula method were considered more close and more accuracy method , and from this tow method Baghdad city can classified as urban areas with medium roughness.

خصائص الطبقـة المتاخمــة لسـطح مدينــة بغـــداد وتحديـد طـول الخلط == Characteristic of the Boundary layer above the Surface of Baghdad City and Measuring the Mixing Length

اسم المؤلف: حسين علي حاتم الشمري
اسم المشرف: بدور ياسين حمود العامري
الموضوع العام: علوم الجو
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الجو
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان الهدف من هذا البحث هو دراسة خصائص الطبقة المتاخمة لسطح مدينة بغداد وكذلك ايجاد طول الخلط خلال الليل والنهار باستخدام قياسات الراديوسوند لسرعة الرياح ودرجات الحرارة لارتفاعات تزيد على 4000 متر.لقد بينت النتائج ان مخططات سرع الرياح تزداد مع الارتفاع ضمن طبقة تتراوح ما بين m400 الى m 600 في النهار والليل على التوالي وبعدها تثبت قيم السرعة مع الارتفاع ثم يتبعهزايادة كبيرة في السرعة عند ارتفاعات عالية تصل الى m 3000 او اكثر مما يعكس ان قيم du /dz او ما تسمى برياح القص تكون اكبر بالقرب من سطح الارض ثم تتناقص لتصبح صفر ثم تاخذ بالزيادة مرة اخرى مع الارتفاع .اما قيمها ما بين الليل والنهار ، فتكون في الليل اكبر من النهار حيث تتراوح ما بين (m/sec 1 - 2.5 لكل100m) على التوالي في الطبقة السطحية .ان قيمة du /dz قد تصل الى m/sec 5 لكل m 100 عند حدوث ظاهرة التيار النفاث الواطئ (LLJ) حيث يؤدي الى قيم قصوى للسرعة تساوي m/sec 20 وقد تحدث على ارتفاعات ضمن الطبقة السطحية .اما مخططات التغيرات العمودية لدرجة الحرارة تبين انخفاض لدرجات الحرارة مع الارتفاع نهارا في حين ان معدل الانخفاض يكون اكبر في الطبقة السطحية التي لا يتجاوز معدل ارتفاعها m 250 ثم تتناقص القيم مع الارتفاع لتقترب من المعدل الاديباتيكي الجاف .ويصل معدل انخفاض درجة الحرارة خلال فصل الصيف ما بين 2c˚ الى 2.5c˚ لكل m100 اما خلال اشهر الشتاء فيكون المعدل 1c˚ الى 1.5c˚ لكل m100 .اما خلال الليل فيحدث ما يسمى بالانقلاب الحراري ضمن الطبقة السطحية . ثم يصبح lapse في الطبقات التي تليها حيث تنخفض بمعدل يقترب من المعدل الاديباتيكي .ان شدة الانقلاب الحراري ( θ Δ ) تزداد خلال اشهر الصيف والخريف ليصل9c˚ - 8.5c˚) ( كفرق ما بين درجة حرارة السطح ودرجة حرارة اعلى الطبقة السطحية . وكذلك تم ايجاد طول الخلط في الليل (h) وطول الخلط في النهار (Zi) عمليا عن طريق مخططات درجات الحرارة ونظريا بتطبيق معادلات رياضية باستخدام برنامج الماثلاب . حيث الطريقة العملية كانت بطريقتين الاولى هي تحديد ارتفاع طول الخلط ليلا من خلال ملاحظة وتحديد موقع الانقلاب الحراري السطحي والثاني تحديد ارتفاع طول الخلط نهارا (Zi) من خلال تحديد موقع الانقلاب الحراري العلوي وقد تم دراسة (Zi) عمليا ايضا من خلال دمج مخططات درجات الحرارة في الليل والنهار في شكل واحد حيث يلاحظ حدوث تطابق مابين المخططات يختلف ارتفاعها بين الصيف والشتاء حيث كانت تمثل هذه التطابقات ارتفاعات طول الخلط (Zi) في النهار.اما الطريقـة النظريـة فكانـت باسـتخدام معادلات Zi وh لـ(1972 Zilitinkevich) من خلال برنامج الماثلاب حيث كان هنالك توافق ما بين الطريقتين العملية والنظرية حيث اتضح بان عمق الخلط الليلي (h) يزداد خلال الخريف عكس ما يحدث لطول الخلط في النهار يزداد خلال اشهر فصل الصيف بالمقارنة مع اشهر فصل الشتاء .اما قياسات طول الخشونة Z0 للمنطقة فقد تم حسابها عن طريق رسم منحنيات السرعة حسب المعادلة اللوغاريتمية حيث نقطة تقاطع امتداد المنحني مع المحور الصادي تمثل lnzo في حين السرعة الاحتكاكية يتم حسابها من ميل المنحني | The aim of this research to study the characteristics of the boundary layer above the surface of Baghdad city and to estimate the mixing height by using radiosond data of wind speed and temperature for the upper atmosphere at 00.00 GMT and 12.00 GMT for heights more than 4000m and for four years . Wind speed profiles showed that the wind speed increased within the surface layer up to heights of 400m - 600m during day and night respectively .Then kept constant with height followed by sharp increase up to heights of 3000m or more. Accordingly (du/dz ) or (dt/dz) values showed an increase With in the surface layer ,then decreased gradually reaching Zero followed by an increasing again through the upper layer. ( du/dz) values for night in the rang of (1 - 2.5m/sec ) per 100 while for the day in the range of (0.5 - 1m/sec ) per 100m . Occurring of low level jet stream at nights gave maximum value for the wind speed , reaching 20m/sec or more within the surface layer. Diurnal vertical temperature profile showed decrease of temperature with height (laps rate ) . The rate of decreasing near the surface is greater than the adiabatic laps rate and gradually decrease with height reaching the dry adiabatic laps rate ( - 0.98 c˚ per 100m) . The decreasing of temperature (dt/dz) during summer months were (2 c˚ - 2.5 c˚ ) per 100m while decrease of (1 c˚ - 1.5 c˚) per 100m were observed during winter months . For nights the laps rate change to be Inversion within the surface layer only whereas the temperature decreased with height reaching the dry adiabatic laps rate for the above layers . Inversion strength  of value (8.5 c˚ - 9 c˚) as difference between the temperature at the top of the surface layer and the temperature of ground surface was observed during September and value of 2.5 c˚ during March Estimating the mixing height at night (h) and during the day Zi were carried out experimentally through the temperature profile and theoretically using Zilitinkevich 1972 formula .Through the Mat lab programs showed a good agreement between observed and the estimated value. Accordingly the mixing depth (h) increased during winter months reaching value of (364 m) on January, whereas Zi reaching its maxing value during Summer time with height of (2297 m) on July .The roughness length Zo was calculated from the vertical profile of mean wind in which the vertical axis have logarithmic scale. the mean wind data increased almost logarithmically above height of 90m . However by plotting the straight line at lower level below 90m and extrapolating to the vertical axis where ū=zero, the roughness length Zo was estimated. The values of Zo were in the range of (3 - 18cm) for the area under study .

اختيار مناطق مناسبة لبناء محطات لتوليد الطاقة الكهربائية بواسطة طاقة الرياح في العراق

اسم المؤلف: ايناس عبد علي حبيب الله الخياط
اسم المشرف: عوني ادوار عبد الاحد
الموضوع العام: علوم الجو
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الجو
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تم دراسة تغيرات سرعة الرياح والطاقة الناتجة عنها في المحطات الانوائية المتوفرة في العراق، وقد تم استخدام البيانات لسرعة الرياح لسنة 2000 من الهيئة العامة للانواء الجوية والرصد الزلزالي الجادرية/بغداد، وقد تم اختيار توزيع المحطات حسب مناطق العراق الشمالية، الوسطى، الغربية والجنوبية. بينت النتائج ان سرعة الرياح منخفضة في فصل الشتاء عدا المنطقة الغربية والجنوبية. اما في فصل الصيف فقد بينت زيادة في جميع المناطق وخصوصا في المنطقة الغربية والجنوبية.ولمعرفة العلاقة بين كل من طاقة الرياح والحركة الدردورية السالبة (Anticyclone) والموجبة (Cyclone)، فقد اظهرت النتائج ازدياد قيمة طاقة الرياح مع الحركة السالبة، وزيادة طفيفة مع الحركة الموجبة وخصوصا في فصل الصيف وللمنطقتين الغربية والجنوبية. وبالطريقة نفسها تم دراسة قيم طاقة الرياح مع كل من التفرق والتجمع، وبينت النتائج ان قيم التفرق والتجمع تنخفض في فصل الشتاء للمنطقة الشمالية والوسطى بينما ترتفع في فصل الصيف في المنطقة الغربية والجنوبية. وان قيم طاقة الرياح تزداد مع قيم التجمع اكثر منها في قيم التفرق، وتظهر زيادة ملحوظة لقيم طاقة الرياح في الجزء السالب (التجمع) وثبوت هذه الزيادة بين الصفر و10 - 7 sec‾¹×5.5.تم استخراج معادلات اسية بين طاقة الرياح وسرعة الرياح لشهري كانون الثاني وتموز والتي يمكن من خلالها حساب قيم طاقة الرياح من معرفة قيم سرعة الرياح. | The wind speed changes have been studied and subsequently the energy produced from it in the available meteorological stations in Iraq and the data have been used for the year 2000 from the Iraqi Meteorological Organization Al - Jadriah /Baghdad and the stations have been selected and distributed to the Iraqi north, middle, west and south regions. The results had showed that the wind speed is low in winter season except for the west and south regions. While the summer season showed an increasing in all the regions and specially in the west and south regions.And to know the relationship between wind energy and The Anticyclonic Vorticity on one hand and The Cyclonic Vorticity on the other hand, the results had show an increasing in wind energy values with The Anticyclonic Vorticity, and a slight increase with The Cyclonic Vorticity especially in the summer season for the west and south regions. And by the same way a study for the wind energy value with both of Divergence and Convergence had made and the results have showed that the divergence and convergence value decrease in winter season for the north and middle regions while increasing in summer season in the west and south regions. And the wind energy values increase with the convergence values more than with the divergence values, and it show an apparent increasing for the wind energy values in the negative part (convergence) and this increasing is constant between zero and 5.5×10 - 7 sec - 1 Exponential kind equations have been found between wind energy and wind speed for January and July months by which we calculate the wind energy values by knowing the values of wind speed

الانتاج الزراعي في قضاء الحويجة == Agricultural Production In Hawija District

اسم المؤلف: خالد صطم عطية خلف الجبوري
اسم المشرف: مخلف شلال مرعي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية الزراعية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الموصل
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Al - Hawija district lies which undulating terrain. It is run administratively by Kirkuk city. It's total area is about (2430.51) km2, (29%) of Kirkuk to be exact. The planted area is about (737979.84) Donam. That is about (76.0%) of the village's area. It contains (72) territories.The geological formations age return to several ages ago. Especially the Myosin age and the Pleistocene age. These formations are less affected by flexure movements. River sediments covers most of the region's surface. It consists of alluvium, sand, stone, calcareous stone, gypsum and salt. Open spaces belong to the Faris formation and Injana.The region's surface is mostly plain surrounded by Kirkuk's hill height from the east. From the west, it is surrounded by Himreen hill series which is a concaves which fill by covered by sediments like Lower Zab valley, which extends across the northern east of the region to the south west where it meets the village of Tigris river in addition to some seasonal recurrent valleys which rely on rain in winter, the valley of Fadha, Hawija drainages project like Zighetoon valley and Sahil valley.The plaint nature of the region, alongside the gradual stretching of the region play a vital role successfully irrigation projects in the area.The climate is a n important factor in the agricultural production. The region is known for the clarity of summer and winter seasons. In summer, the climate gets warm and rain ceases unlike winter where the climate is just the opposite of summer's climate, rainy and degrees sometimes lower than zero centigrade.The soil in the area are varied according to the factors that help forming it. There is a red soil, brown calcic soil, mid - thicken red soil, calcic soil and furrow soil. These soils vary in thickness and depth.Running across the study area are two rivers, Dijla river and Al - Zab river. The study area also contains irrigation projects which include Al - Hawija irrigation project that supplies (131000) Donam. with water, and Kirkuk irrigation project that supplies a large are of (63936) Donam. The study area also contains many superficially and artecian wells that irrigates (21960) Donam.Natural vegetation inhabits the region as well as some man - made forests that was planted by the government to get the benefit out of its trees. But there is a noticeable decline in the density of the natural and man - made forests due to poor utilization of the agricultural resources.There is a clear variation in the number of the workers in villages or across regions that require bringing workers from neighboring territories. Also, machines are not equally distributed among territories. Al - Hawija territory has (5372) trailers, (249) harvesters, (465) water suppliers and (4314) water pumping machines.For money funds, territories that take governmental loans are only (25%) in number. While most of the farmers fund the planting process from their own money.Land properties are distributed : By distribution contracts (65%). The rest are scattered as (30%) registered lands, (4.7%) by real estate, and around (73%) that property is about (50) Donam. or more.Irrigation processes are many and different. Lands that are irrigated by making flow of water are about (219346) Donam., and by (courtesy) (222934) Donam, lands that rely on rain are about (385020) Donam.Fertilizers used are of two kinds, biological fertilizers which comes from animals' faeces , and chemical fertilizers especially dab and urine, which is provided by agricultural offices and local markets. The amount of fertilizers' usage varies.Crops and animal resources are exposed to different and many diseases like, for instance, wheat charring, in addition to fungous diseases that infect vegetables. As for diseases that infect animals, it include diseases like anthrax, induced abortion, plague, chicken typhoid, bloody diarrhea and Egyptian bronchitis. These diseases infect cows, sheep, goats, buffalos and chicken.Different transportation methods exist in Al - Hawija territory but it is not enough for the territory's needs. Moreover, the badness of the roads due to aging and scarcity of maintenance affected marketing, as well as the deficiency of marketing centers in the territory. The marketing centers that exist are non - working and because of that, farmers are forced to market their crops to the nearest cities.In order to uncover the features of agricultural production on the cadastral units (territories), the study has depended on average relation, standard deviation and correlation coefficient by determining the relationships between variables or factors on territories level, or within a single territory, and on the similarity in the correlation degree between variables.The basic components method (elemental analysis) has been used to measure the characteristics of agricultural investments in the province through factor division matrix. Results show that there are three kinds of agricultural factors (components) that had lost more than (78%) from the total variation of the variables used in the study. These factors (components) are : 1 - First factor (component) : we could call it (intensive agricultural system). It explained (24.78%) of the phenomena under study. This system included (7) territories. There territories represented (33.33%) of the total territories.2 - Second factor (component) : This system explained (13.98%) of the phenomena under study. This system could be named (mixed agricultural system). In this system, it is possible to plant crops heavily and breed different types of animals. (4) territories that represented (19%) of total territories has been included.3 - Third factor (component) : explained (9.66%) of the studied phenomena. It included (3) territories representing (14.3%) of total territories.

MAURITANIE A Study in Political Geography

اسم المؤلف: Muharib Kh. Kunj AL - Mamory
اسم المشرف: عبد الامير عباس عبد الحيالي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية السياسية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The main source of political geography filed is the state. The political geographer presents the subsitituted bases of information and the required data to take decisions on the interior and exterior levels and take part in making these decisions active. Mauritanie is one of the morocco states which their local regional and national strength affects by the interior and exterior geographical reality and the economicl,natural and human elements that affect in its interior and exterior environment that reflect the prominent geographical facts which have positive and negative signs affect in away or another in their political weightiness in Marocco region and Mediterranean states,these make the scholar looks attentively at the geographical elements of the state , to achieve facts throughout the studying of political geography. The geographical elements are once of the important abilities that limite the international aims and needs for the state,so the geostrategy asserts and produces the great effect of geography informing astrategy and limiting the aims,so that the strength of the state is one of the main interests in feostratagy studies because it is considered as the final result of the geographical , aconomical ,natural and human elements with their political system and the national relations and the military strength According to the problem that assumptions and studies start off,they have been divided into Five units as Following. The First unit diseuses the natural geographical elements of Mauritanie and their effects on building its strength which have al ternative traces that reflect the strength and weightiness of Maurianie. The second unit discuses the human elements and their effects on building its strength. The Third unit discuses the economical geographical elements and their effects on the strength of MBy studying the main economical sectors to show the geographical extents and their effects on the strength and weightiness of Mauritanie. The Four unit discuses the effect of Mauritanie in the national and international security and the problems that affect on them. The Fifth unit deals with the analysis to measure Mauritanie power by using the statistic and quantitical methods,studying theAnd political future,In addition to its relationships with Arabic states and its position according to Arabic cases and its role from the impressional police with the zionast followed by its effect on the future of Arabic relationships. Throughout this representation we can say that studying of geographical of Mauritanie that don’t aim to limit the regional and geographical phenomena,but illustrate the political results on their interior and exterior le

احوال الموصل الاقتصادية 1834 - 1918م : دراسة تاريخية == Economic Conditions of Mosul 1834 - 1918 A Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: غسان وليد مصطفى الجوادي
اسم المشرف: ابراهيم خليل احمد العلاف
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Studying the economic history of Iraqi cities during the Ottoman Era (1516 - 1918) has no longer got the attention of scholars except recently in spite of its importance in knowing the circumstances of the individual and society as well as its impact upon both social and political aspects. Due to the importance of economic aspect and the scarcity of information concerning the period of the study, this dissertation has come to highlight the economic aspects of Mosul City under the title Economic Conditions of Mosul 1834 - 1918 A Historical Study.The dissertation contains four chapters. The first has come to talk about the importance of city location from economic aspect and its effect in commercial movement taken place in Mosul since Ottoman control and the most important events of Mosul. The chapter has not neglected the remark of aspects of administration, construction and how they have been affected by starvation, drought and wars. The chapter also tackles the transformations happened in the city. The second chapter deals with the commercial and professional activities, the most important trade routes, means of communications, the role played by the state in activating trade as well as Mosul itself having a great ability in promoting trade by markets, inns and big shops.The chapter also mentions the internal and external commerce and professional aspects of Mosul and the reasons behind the backwardness of the city in this field. The third chapter deals with the topic of agriculture starting from the study of feudal system and role of the state in issuing laws and the role played by Medhat Pasha, walley of Baghdad (1869 - 1872) in applying these laws in Iraqi provinces especially Tabu Law and the results of applying such laws mentioning the position farmers and agricultural activity in Mosul. The fourth chapter highlights the financial aspect by mentioning city resources especially taxes and methods used in gaining these taxes as well as the role of the state in financial reform and currency used by the banks. The dissertation concludes that Mosul having such an important geographical location has helped in achieving economic activities but on the contrary, the city has not exploited this feature due to the absence of security in its places and the trade caravans being exposed to attacks of tribes on the main commercial routes. This is one of the main reasons why the city has not been a trade center by traders from other provinces like Aleppo. Also, families have remained controlling the economic aspect during the period of the study. In industrial field, initiatives by capitalists to invest their own money and building up a developed industry have no any existence by we see that professions have stayed undeveloped. In agricultural field, in spite of issuing laws during the second half of the nineteenth century, agriculture and farmers conditions has not changed for the better. As for the financial field, role of the state has just stayed in collecting taxes and increasing its amounts with the scarcity of expenses on services aspects. Banks which have been established in Mousl, its services are dedicated only for few traders and this in its turn has limited the commercial activities of such banks

ايران ودول الخليج العربي (1968 - 1978) : دراسة في العلاقات السياسية == Iran and Arab Gulf Arab States (1968 - 1978) A study In Political Relations

اسم المؤلف: محمد داخل كريم السعدي
اسم المشرف: خليل علي مراد
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Arab Gulf area being characterized by vital characteristics which made it one of the most important places in the world. One of these characteristics was the geostrategic location and the economic importance represented by the huge oil wealth in the area which had become one of the attractive places in the political and economic international dimensions. Due to this, the relations between this area and the states or with the other states in the world especially the relation between both parts of the Arab Gulf, Iran and the Arab Gulf states have got a great importance in developing the political position of the area and defining the political future for these states. The period between 1968 - 1978 has been characterized by so many important developments and political events reflected on the Iran - Gulf relations and were the reason behind choosing the topic of the study.The nature of the study and the important events taken place in the area obliged us to divide the subject into four main chapters and each one contains many sections. The first chapter gives a historical show for Iran - Gulf relations till 1968. it describes the geographical location of the Arab Gulf and also an economic show for Iran and the Seven Arab Gulf states as well as describing Arab Gulf as water shallow located among these states. The second section deals with the Iraqi - Iranian relations which included the two direct neighboring states in the area as well as the problems and confusions happened on these boarders which kept exposed to continuous change due to the continuous competition among states which ruled both Iraq and Iran especially during ottoman and safawid aras till 1968 with reference to the effect of these problems upon political relations between both states. Then there is the signature of some treaties and agreements concerning the boarders. The third section in this chapter presents a historical show for the relations between Iran and the western Coast of the Arab Gulf represented by many Arab Emirates on the long of this Coast Since the beginning of the 19th century till 1968. Britain was the major power in the area and it represented the political decision for all these Emirates.The British withdrawal from East Suez and the complete withdrawal from Arab Gulf whether its military forces or its political influence on the area states at the beginning of 1968 and this withdrawal will end late in 1971 to be the beginning of a new ara of the area. This has created a new relation between Arabs and Iranians. Therefore, the second chapter has come under the title, "Boarders problems and the struggle on Sovereighty". It has been divided into four sections. The first tackles the problem of land and river boarders between Iraq and Iran and creates a state of tension in their relations reached in sometimes the state of armed conflict till the Signature of Algeria treaty in 1975.The second section spotslight on the problem of Sea boarders Between Iran and Arab Gulf states included an important fight which concerns determiming regional or international waters for the states located on the Gulf. The third section presents a study for the Iranians pretensions in Bahrain which continues for decades. Iranian governments were insisting on the right to Soverign Bahrain and this created a tension for the Iranian - Gulf relations till the independence of Bahrain in 1970.the last section concentrates on the conflict between Iran and United Arab Imarates about the three Arab islands Abu - Musa, Tunb Al - Kubra and Tunb Al - Sughra and it was along conflict on the sovereignty in Gulf Seashore which ended by a severe tension in Iran - Gulf relations relation and the occupation of these islands by Iran in 1971.The third chapter deals with issues of interference in internal affairs and its effects in Iran - Gulf relations. This includes three basic cases the most important of which is the political relations between Iran and Arab Gulf states. The first concerns with Iran's in setting up and developing the Kurdish movement in Iraq and the results of this movement which ended in breaking out an armed conflict between both parts and ended in signing the treaty of Algeria in 1975 and Iran stopped its support for the armed movement. The second interference by Iran has come from the big Iranian minorities spread in Arab Gulf states as well as the graet effect of these minorities upon economic and social reality of these states. There is also the political effect upon relations between Iran and Arab Gulf states. The third interference was the military one by Iran against the armed movement in Al - Thafar Region in Oman sultanate by which oman was able to put an end for this movement in 1975.The fourth and the last chapter has come under the title, "Regional Affairs which affect Iran's relations with Arab Gulf states". These affairs have got an international dimension which includes three basic sectors. They are armament and the big competition between Iran and Arab Gulf states especially Iraq and Saudi Arabia and under the impact by both U. S. A and U. S. S. R. which they have seen that the process of armament to these states might represent a support for their influence in the area. The second sector mentions the security topic in Arab Gulf after the British declaration and exposing the Iranian, Arabic and international proposals. This might affect Iran - Gulf relations. The third sector showes Iran - Gulf attitude towards Arab - Israeli conflict and this attitude has its own effects upon this relation and the cooperation accompanied it which has risen during this conflict.

استخدام التحليل العاملي الحصين في الامراض الباطنية والصدرية

اسم المؤلف: افراح محمد كاظم الشحماني
اسم المشرف: لقاء علي محمد العلوي
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحصاء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: لتحليل عدد كبير من المتغيرات بهدف استخلاص عوامل جديدة عددها اقل من العوامل التي يعزى اليها تباين تلك المتغيرات ، نستخدم اسلوب التحليل العاملي ، وهو اسلوب احصائي يمكن استخدامه في نطاق واسع من المجالات والانشطة العلمية . الدراسات السابقة اثبتت ان البيانات بدون اي شواذ هي نوعا ما حالة مستثناة ضمن الواقع العملي ويمكن تجنب هذه المشكلة كذلك معرفة وتحديد الشواذ وذلك باستخدام بعض الطرائق الحصينة المناسبة لنموذج او بوساطة التنظيف الاولي للبيانات من الشواذ ومن ثم تطبيق الطرق الاحصائية الكلاسيكية في التحليل العاملي. وان تقدير الموقع والتشتت ضمن متعدد المتغيرات مع خاصية تساوي التغاير فضلا عن الانهيار الموجب يصبح صعب التنفيذ ويحتاج الى وقت اكبر للحسابات بزيادة الابعاد.لقد تضمن هذا البحث فصولا اربعة حيث خصص الفصل الاول في طرح المقدمة وهدف البحث فضلا عن الاستعراض لبعض ادبيات البحث ، اما الفصل الثاني تناولت فيه الجانب النظري للتحليل العاملي والتحليل العاملي الحصين وبعض الطرائق الحصينة المستخدمة في هذا البحث ، والفصل الثالث الذي يمثل الجانب التطبيقي ضم اولا مجموعة البيانات الحقيقية وتعامل ثانيا مع (18) حالة لمجاميع البيانات ضمن دراسة المحاكاة.الفصل الرابع فقد تناولت فيه الاستنتاجات التي توصل اليها البحث واقترحت الباحثة بعض من التوصيات للدراسة المستقبلية.

استخدام نظرية الضرر المتراكم في تقييم اعمار الكلال == The Use of Cumulative Damage Theory In Evaluating Fatigue Life Time

اسم المؤلف: محمد خلوق ياسين
اسم المشرف: حسين جاسم العلكاوي
الموضوع العام: هندسة الميكانيك
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: ميكانيك تطبيقي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: في هذا البحث تمت دراسة ظاهرة الكلال لسبيكة الالمنيوم ذات الرمز (2024) تحت احمال انحنائية متعاكسة ثابتة ومتغيرة السعة وفي ظروف درجة حرارة الغرفة وتحت نسبة اجهاد (R= - 1) اتسم البحث بجانبين هما : - الجانب النظري : ويشمل مسحا للبحوث السابقة وبناء انموذج ر | Fatigue phenomenon for Aluminum alloy of symbol 2024 is studied in this work under constant and variable amplitudes reverse bending load at room temperature, with stress ratio (R) of ( - 1).This work is has two approaches Theoretical approaches which in

Active Contour Model For Weather Environmental Purposes

اسم المؤلف: منتظر عيدي شريف
اسم المشرف: Faris Hammoudi Al | Ani | Abdul Monem S.Rahma
الموضوع العام: الهندسة المدنية
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: التحسس النائي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان البحث يمثل جزا من المحاولات الجاريه على نطاق القطر لتوظيف بيانات الاقمار الانوائيه في الطقس حيث تم اختيار منطقه الشرق الاوسط لاجراء البحث لانها تمثل منطقه كبيره وواسعه ويظهر فيها العراق.بيانات الاقمار الانوائيه المستخدمه في هذا البحث تشمل صوره فضائيه | This research represents part of the current on country attempts to employ metrological satellite data in weather and change forecasting using contour model. The region that was selected for performing the research is Middle East region because it’s great and wide region and includes Iraq. Remote sensing information that is used in this research includes satellite image data taken from Meteosat satellite. ERDAS package is used to produce the contour model on satellite images.Satellite weather images for three sequence days were taken and operated on, active contour models were classified. These phenomena represent clouds in different types. This type of contour is fast and easy to create as well as discover the clouds edge more accurately. Accordingly contour intervals that are 30 gray level are found to detect accurate features in images.The other part of the research classifies contour models to many classes to discriminate clouds type and clearing the type according to color,that found in image. Where a low cloud represents high color value and refer to dark color. This refers to the contour line classified according to color degree from 0 to 240 gray level, compared the satellite image that was taken from practical experiment with others to find the changes in images and the results are clear.

رفع كفاءة وانتاج محطة تجهيز مياه الشرب موقعيا : دراسة خاصة لمحطة تجهيز المعهد التقني / المسيب == Upgrading of Al - Mussaib Technical Institute Water Treatment Plant

اسم المؤلف: جواد كاظم عبود الرفاعي
اسم المشرف: عدنان عباس علي السماوي | رياض حسن هادي الانباري
الموضوع العام: الهندسة المدنية
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: الهندسة البيئية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: جرى في هذا البحث اجراء سبعة دراسات لتحليل البيانات المتعلقة بالخواص الفيزيائية والكيميائية والبايولوجية لمياه المصدر المائي (قناة مشروع المسيب) عند موقع الماخذ للمحطة ( محطة المعهد التقني / المسيب ) في الكيلومتر (11) من منبعه في شمال مدينة المسيب وكذلك ال | In this research an experimental work was carried out into seven studies for analyzing physical, chemical, and biological data of raw water source at Al - Mussiab - Mushroa canal project (M.M.canal) on the (11th km) from the upstream at north of Mussiab c

تطوير نظام للسيطرة على المواد في المشاريع الانشائية == Development A System To Control Materials on Construction Projects

اسم المؤلف: نزار نعمان اسماعيل حسن
اسم المشرف: زياد سليمان محمد خالد
الموضوع العام: الهندسة المدنية
السنة: 2006
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تشكل مرحلتي التخطيط والسيطرة العمود الفقري للادارة الحديثة وخاصة فيما يتعلق بادارة المواد وذلك لما لهاتين المرحلتين من دور اساسي في تقليل الهدر والضياع والتلف التي الذي تتعرض له المواد الانشائية في دورة الحياة للمشروع الانشائي. الامر الذي يستوجب استخدام | Planning and monitoring are Considered which management depending on them in general and materials management particularly ; these two element participate effectively in decreasing wastages which occur in construction materials during it’s using in constr

تصميم العتبات الخرسانية احادية التسليح بالثني == Flexural Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams

اسم المؤلف: محمد دارا جليل الخياط
اسم المشرف: قيس فؤاد سرسم
الموضوع العام: الهندسة المدنية
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: الهندسة الانشائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يشتمل هذا البحث على دراسة معادلات التصميم بالثني للخرسانه المسلحه في حالة المقاومه القصوى. يعتمد البحث على نتائج مختبريه لعتبات مختاره من بحوث سابقه.العدد الكلي من النماذج المختاره هو 183 عتبه تحمل المواصفات التاليه : ا. كل العتبات ذات مقاطع مستطيله احا | This research deals with studying the flexural strength design equations of reinforced concrete beams. The experimental results obtained by previous researchers are used in this study.The total number of specimens considered is 183, which have the follow

تحقيق دائرة المعدل الثابت للانذار الكاذب باستعمال منظومة البوابات المنطقية المبرمجة موقعيا == Modified GO - CFAR Implementaion Using FPGA

اسم المؤلف: مصطفى صبحي كمال
اسم المشرف: رفعت طالب حسين | حكمت نجم عبد الله
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: هندسة الكهرباء
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هذه الاطروحة تتعلق بتحليل ومعالجة تاثير الضوضاء المحيطية (Clutter) لمنظومة الرادار النبضي، يتطلب رادار الكشف الالي للهدف استعمال عتبة الية (Adaptive threshold) لتحقيق معدل ثابت للانذار الكاذب وذلك لغرض السيطرة على الانذار الكاذب الذي تسببه تغيرات في الضوض | This thesis deals with the analysis and processing of clutter for pulsed radar system. Automatic target detection radar requires adaptive thresholding achieved by Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) circuit in order to control the false alarm caused by variations in clutter background.This work focus on worst radar environment that happens when abrupt variation in clutter background merged with multi - interfering target, to detect target in such environments it need robust CFAR algorithm that excise the target spikes and clutter edges from CFAR window in order to give best possible estimation to the noise background. two important algorithms studied which are CA - CFAR and OS - CFAR algorithms in additional to the modified CA - CFAR algorithm. All these algorithms were simulated with mat lab v6.1 and applied them to three different clutter models that represent different environment cases the CA - CFAR family failed to handle model two and three also OS - CFAR family except OSGO - CFAR that handle all models successfully. For modified CA - CFAR family only modified GO - CFAR handle all models successfully and comparing with OSGO - CFAR the modified GO - CFAR need less hardware and processing time because it did not need sorting process that is essential for OSGO - CFAR. Therefore, the modified GO - CFAR is chosen to implement by using FPGA and another important feature in modified GO - CFAR algorithm that is parallel processing since the spike selection process is done at the same time with summing of samples process that make this algorithm much less in processing time from any other algorithm that work in the same environment. The FPGA chip that used to implement modified GO - CFAR algorithm need only three signals from the radar receiver to mach with the receiver circuit correctly which are time base clock signal period reset trigger signal and the pulse duration time. Therefore, the FPGA chip can work effectively with almost any radar receiver system

تصميم وتنفيذ معالج باستخدام TM - CFAR مصفوفة البوابات المبرمجة FPGA == Design And Implementation Of TM - CFAR Processor Using Field Programmable Gate Array

اسم المؤلف: علي هادي عبد الواحد
اسم المشرف: وليد خالد عبد علي
السنة: 2006
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This Thesis proposes on a project whose aim is to implement architectures for CFAR processor employed in radars. These proposed architectures are implemented by using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technique, with observance of feature desired as flexibility and speed without performance loss. This design written in VHDL Hardware Description Language that can be used to accelerate the implementation. In this thesis, the proposed by design is implemented using MATLAB Simulink on the Trimmed - mean Constant False Alarm Rate Processor(TM CFAR) to obtain system parameters and to test the flow of signal through the system, and then used FPGA devices. FPGA architecture of TM - CFAR processor is implemented to overcome the large processing time required in case of multi - target environment. The use of this technology is suitable because it offers high flexibility in modifying and even developing the required design with a reduction in the required number of hardware and cost. In addition to the main features of the processing chain architectures such as degree of parallelism, small size, accuracy and high computational speed, there is a requirement for generality and adaptively i.e. the ability to handle many different models of operation in different environments. The FPGA implementation of the design is achieved using Xilinx Virtex - II platform as a suitable selected programmable device. The development of the system software for this work has been done using Active HDL 3.5, and ISE Navigator 6.3i programs.

اداء التجميع المتعامد لاشارات تقسيم الشفرات المتعدد الوصول ذات الحاملات المتعددة (Rayleigh) عبر قناة الخفوت الترددية الاختيارية من نوع == Performance Of Group Orthogonal Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access Signal Over Frequency Selective Rayleigh Fading Channel

اسم المؤلف: حارث اكرم ناصر العبيدي
اسم المشرف: مها جورج زيا
السنة: 2006
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: مع ظهور قنوات الخفوت الترددية الاختيارية المتعددة المسارات. اصبح نظام تقسيم الشفرات المتعدد الوصول (CDMA) يعاني من التداخل بسبب تعدد المستخدمين (MUI) والتداخل بين الرموز(ISI) ولكن مع التصميم المناسب لنظام تقسيم الشفرات فانه يوفر التفريق الى مسارات متعدد | In the presence of frequency selective multipath fading channels, code division multiple access (CDMA) suffers from multiuser interference (MUI), and intersymbol interference (ISI), but when properly designed, it enjoys multipath diversity. Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) is MUI free, and it does not enable the available channel diversity without employing error control coding. But coded OFDMA may achieve lower diversity than a CDMA system employing the same error control codes. In this work, the advantages of OFDMA and CDMA are merged to minimize MUI effects, and also to make the maximum available diversity for every user possible, this system is called group orthogonal multicarrier CDMA (GO - MC - CDMA).In group orthogonal multicarrier CDMA (GO - MC - CDMA) scheme, groups of users share a set of subcarriers. By carefully choosing group subcarriers, there is aguarantees that every user transmits with maximum diversity. MUI is only present among users of the same group, and is suppressed via multiuser detection, which becomes practically feasible by assigning a small number of users per group. The performance of GO - MC - CDMA system is analyzed with 3M bits/sec in two paths frequency selective Rayleigh fading channel. Moreover, simulations are carried out to illustrate the performance of GO - MC - CDMA with number of active users, number of subcarriers, space diversity combining technique, types of spreading code, type of data detection techniques, finally, the effect of near - far problem.

Effect Of Some Additives On Fire Retardance And Bending Strength Of Unsaturated Polyester (Upe) Composite

اسم المؤلف: محمد هلول مخيلف الشمري
الموضوع العام: علوم الفيزياء
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: الفيزياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

تاثير اسلوبي التعلم الاتقاني والانموذج في التعلم ونقل اثره لبعض الحركات الدفاعية والهجومية بسلاح الشيش == The Effect of The Two Styles : The Mastery And Model Learning On The Learning And Shifting Its Effect of Some The Defencing And The Attacking Movement By The Foil Weapon

اسم المؤلف: رولا مقداد عبيد
اسم المشرف: ناهدة عبد زيد بعيوي الدليمي | عادل فاضل
الموضوع العام: الرياضة
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: التربية الرياضية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان اسلوب التعلم الاتقاني من اساليب التعلم التي تراعي الفروق الفردية وتحاول اذابتها، اما اسلوب الانموذج الرمزي فهو من الاساليب الحديثة والمتطورة التي يدخل فيها الحاسوب كوسيلة مساعدة رئيسية للمدرس في العملية التعليمية كما ان لنقل اثر التعلم اثر بالغ في تعلم | The first part : the defination of the research the masteary learning style is astyle that regard the individual discrepencies, this style trys to solution this individual discreponcies. While the symbolic model style is from the modern, developing styles in which the computer has the main assistant mean for the teacher in the teaching operation, the shifting of the learning effect on the learning of the person for the new movements especially for the beginners. The problem of the thesis, it is concentrate in the few of the study about the effect of learning styles on the learning the the shifting in the same time. the a ctivities and the games that contain in this research are very few and in limited fields. Aims of the resrarch is knowing the effect both of the styles (the mastery learning, the symbolic model learning in learning and shifting of some of the defences and the offenses movements in foil weapon, knowing the best style in learning and shifting of some of the defences and the offensive movements in foil weapon.HypothesisThe researcher says that there are discroancies which have a moral informality between the pre - post lests in the three groups(the first experiment group, the second experimental group, the regulator group). Also there are discrepancies which have a moral informality between the three groups (the first experimental group, the second experimental group and the regulator group) in the learning and shifting of some of the defence and the offensive movements by the foil weapon of the benefit of the first experimental group which taught by the masteary style. The field of the thesis, the humanstic field was the second year students of physical education colloge in Al - Qadissiya university. the place field, the indoor hall in physical education college. Al - Qadissiya university. the temporal field, the span from 10\10\2004 till 29\12\2005.The second part : the similar and the oritical studies the theoritical studies contains(the concept of the teaching and learning, the concept of the motor learning and the stayes of the learning, the concept of two styles, the mastery learning style, the symbolic model styles, shifting of the learning effect, the role and the importance of the teaching means in the learning operation, Back fed and it’s importance in learning operation, the movements of the legs by the foil weapon (progress, decline) the offensive (simple, compound), the defence (the side, diametery, the circle) As well as the similar studies that especialist in the research field. The Third Part : The syllabus of the research and the field procedures. It is contain the syllabus of the research which was the experimental syllabus. The specimen of the research is the third year student - physical education college, AL - QAdissiya university in 2004 - 2005 they were beginners. They didn't practice the fencing game perivously, their age is between (20 - 21) year. The specimen is divided into three groups in randomly way. Two of this groups are the experimentals groups : the first one is taught by the mastery style, the other one is taught by the symbolic model style while the third group is the regulator group which is taught by the traditional style is used by the teacher the researcher uses(Crocecal wails)to show the equivalence of the groups from the age side and the morements in the research. The tools of the research were : (personal interview, question form) beside to assistant equipments and means.The researcher deals with the pre - post tests of the research which was during in 17 - 10 - 2004 for the movements of the research. The teaching syllabus began in 20 - 10 - 2004 till 1 - 12 - 2004. Then after the end of the confined period for each morement ,and according to teaching syllabus; the researcher makes the pre - post test to show the level in which the specimen arrived in this movement.The Fourth Part : The showing, the analysis and the discussion of the results.This part contains display of the results in schedule, illustrative shapes then analysis and discussion this results. the results have got through the using of the suitable statistic means, the count intermediate, the standard depart, Crocecal wails, man witny, wile cocsin, the learning proportion count (limitd measurements, the balance relative measurement).The shif of the learning effect through the discussion that supported with the vmodern scientific sources to achieve the aims and the hypothesis.The Fifth part : conclusions and Recommendation The conculsion is the mastery learning style is more effective than the symbolic model learning style and the traditional learning in learning and shifting of the movements that contain in this study.Recommendations The research recommendate to make the studies, research to know the mastery learning style effect in learning and shiffing for the basic movements by the foil weapon and other weapons for different levels in this game the necessity the use of the mastery learning style the ragarde the individual discrepancies among the learn inner through the style of learning in the group and the individual games.

المصادر الاخبارية للجمهور في العراق : دراسة ميدانية حول واقع استقاء الاخبار في اوساط الجمهور العراقي في بغداد

اسم المؤلف: دحام علي حسين العبيدي
اسم المشرف: علي حسين طوينة
الموضوع العام: الاعلام
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: الصحافة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يشار الى ان الاخبار تمثل ركنا اساسيا من اركان الاعلام في عالمنا المعاصر. فعلى ضوئها يتمكن الجمهور من التواصل مع الاحداث المحلية والعالمية. فضلا عن دورها في تكوين الانطباعات، وتشكيل الاراء والاتجاهات. ذلك ان انتقاء بعض الاخبار دون الاخر، والتركيز على جا | As the news represent the basic element of the information in our nowadays life. By the news the audiences are able to communicate with the local & universal events as well as its role in making the impressions and forming the views and directions. And that by selecting some news from others and focusing on a side and neglecting the other and the way of making , the techniques of present the news all this is able to make effect upon the public opinion. The news play an active role in forming opinions that support the issues and having views that support the point of views, which are raised. From the concept of the importance of the news and from the fact that certified the mass media represent in general its importance to transfer and examine the news as well as its role to effect on the audiences. So, the researcher in his present study found that the study for the source from which the Iraqi audiences derived the news. The researcher achieved his present study according to a scientific procedure, and the researcher willing to achieve the aims of the study and reach to the sources from which the audiences are getting or derived their news and to limit which any of mass media is proffered by the audience as well as understand the relation on between the political chances for the audiences, such as (sex, the social individual, education level) and the process of getting the news by the audiences and how, he select the mass media which are adopted to be sources for the news derivation. To achieve the aims, the researcher adopted a survey procedure (method) and choose province of Baghdad to be the field of the study as the researcher believed that those audiences being a sample for the Iraqi audience in general. The researcher designed a paper of examination or investigation, so the researcher takes care of the conditions and obligations in this paper which consist of (25) questions. The study is divided to fife chapters and in the first chapter the researcher stated the title of the present study, its importance, aims and the problem of the study and showing the activities of the practical side. While in the second chapter which is in title (make the News) this chapter consists of four themes or topics, in the first topic the researcher identify the concept of news and its relation with other Journalist arts, and in the second one is about the identify to the interior & exterior news sources also, the third one is about the concept of the news values and which is the important one, and the fourth theme is mentioned the concept of the gate guard and the effected elements in publishing and selecting the news. The third chapter which is in title (Globalization & its effect in spread the news) it consists of three topics, the first one is to identify globalization and its effect on the political and economical domination, and the second topic is specialized to the subject of media under the globalization while the third one dealt with the imbalance in spread the news and its effect. In the fourth chapter, the researcher showed its title (Reasons & Tools to be exposed to audiences. For the news. It consists of four topics in the first one we mentioned the general jobs of mass media, and the second one is about the stimulus of human behavior and the need for the news, the uses and rumors. While the third topic is related with the nature of subjection and the psychological instrument, and the fourth topic is about the news and its effect to be in the level of priorities. At the end the researcher presented the fifth chapter which specialized in the sources of the news from which the Iraqi audiences taken the news, it is a field study, the researcher limited the sources according to the answers of the audiences in the paper of exam and also limited the degree of adoption for the audience on any means of the mass media to get the news and causes of that

الشعار السياسي : دراسة تحليلية لشعارات الاحزاب العراقية للمدة 4/9 - 9/9 / 2003 == The Political Slogan : An Analytical Study For The Slogans of The Iraqi Parties Over The Period 9/4 - 9/9/ 2003

اسم المؤلف: علاء مصطفى داخل
اسم المشرف: علي حسين طوينة
الموضوع العام: الاعلام
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: العلاقات العامة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: It is hard to find a political world without an active contact that represents the link between the conveying side and the publics. Such connection relates the ideas and clarifies them, as well as justifies what might need a justification for attracting t

مقومات صنع السياسة العامة وتاثيرها في فعالية النظام السياسي البريطاني == Components Public Policy Makers And Its Effects On Activity British Political System

اسم المؤلف: اوميد رفيق فتاح
اسم المشرف: وصال نجيب عارف العزاوي
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2006
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الواقع الجغرافي
  • النظام السياسي
  • النظام البرلماني
  • تحديات السياسة العامة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: السياسة العامة، موضوعة، حتمية لاستكمال دور المواطنة في الحياة الاجتماعية الواسعة، ومعبرة عن تلك الافعال التي يقوم بها موظفوا الحكومة، استجابة للمشكلات والقضايا التي تثار من قبل النظام السياسي.. بتعبير اخر ان السياسة العامة هي مجموعة القواعد والبرامج الحكو

السياسة الخارجية الامريكية حيال المملكة العربية السعودية بعد احداث 11 ايلول (سبتمبر) 2001 == The American Foreign Policy Towards Saudi Arabia After The 11 September 2001

اسم المؤلف: دانا علي صالح البرزنجي
اسم المشرف: مازن اسماعيل الرمضاني
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2006
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: In the three decades of the last century, the strategic political, economic, military interests of the United States of America appeared in Saudi Arabia, especially after discovering the oil and its producing regarding with its commercial rate, and the consideration of this state increased in American Foreign policy after waging second world war and advancing the equipment of United States of America to the location of strategic Saudi and its oil during and after this war, and so United States of America considered this state as a strategic confederate state during that time.American Foreign policy has seen the demonstration from Saudi Arabia and the phases of confusion and dispute in the relationship between the two states, which caused a lot of events, and also other events lead to expand and amplify controversial points between them. And the most significant event was the events of 11 September 2001. which formed a turning point in American Foreign Policy towards Saudi Arabia, consequently increased the opportunity for amplifying and expanding the controversial points between them, in addition to the American increasing pressure to bring Saudi Arabia in to the war against (Terrorism) and pushing it to internal reforms, and positive practice in giving price on oil and its production, in the way that can be suit with American interests.Despite of all what have said before, it can be said that the events of September did not lead to complete the role of Saudi Arabia in the American Foreign Policy. This state kept on enjoying with extra important in this policy because of its strategic location and accommodate to the American policy and for the positive oil policy inside it.That thesis resided in proving their hypothesis which purported "The events of 11 September 2001 included the important effect in the direction of American Foreign Policy towards Saudi Arabia". And during the explanation of the supposition the answer of main question that had been tired are : What are the influences of these events? orHow were influenced?What is the quality of this influence?How does it become the trend of American Foreign Policy towards Saudi Arabia in the light of this influence?What is a future viewer about politics?The study is divided into introduction, four chapters and conclusion.In the first part - which we considered preface to enter the study deeply made it easily and then analyze the main subjects in it - the American Foreign Policy were administrated towards Saudi Arabia in its historical frame, since united state of Americas Confession about Saudi Arabia and until the events of 11 September 2001.In the second part which include : The variables effect on American Foreign Policy towards Saudi Arabia which devoted to the economic variables, (oil, commercial exchange, financial streams of Saudi) and American internal variables, (Jew Lobby, oil and military industries complex, mass media, leading production, Universities sentries and searches). The variables of Saudi internal environment (the case of human rights, democracy, reformation) and regionally variables (the conflict between Arab and Israel, Iran, Iraq, and the other gulf countries). And the variables of International environment (the European alliance, China, Russia, and Japan).The third part specified to study the events of 11 September 2001 and its American International outcomes.The fourth part which is entitle (11 September 2001 and the American Foreign Policy towards Saudi Arabia) it specified to concentrate on the effect of September events on American Foreign Policy towards Saudi Arabia, in the political, economic, military and strategic fields. And to concentrate on creating future viewer for American Foreign Policy towards Saudi Arabia : continuous seen, change, and change and continuously. The conclusion concludes all the purport of the study

العلاقات العربية الامريكية : دراسة في الابعاد الاستراتيجية لمشروع الشرق الاوسط

اسم المؤلف: حازم حمد موسى الجنابي
اسم المشرف: منعم صاحي حسين العمار
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: الدراسات الاستراتيجية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

سياسات الاصلاح بين متطلبات الداخل وشروط الخارج : دراسة حالة مصر == The Restoration Policies Issue Between The Inside Requirements And The Outside Conditions (( Astudy On Egypt Situation))

اسم المؤلف: جنان حسين عبد الرحيم
اسم المشرف: مها عبد اللطيف حسن الحديثي
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2006
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: لم يعد الاصلاح قضية ينادي بها المجتمع لتعديل وتقويم سياسات النظام الخاطئة والناتجة عن الاشخاص الفاسدين او البرامج والخطط الفاشلة، بل اصبح قضية ممكن ان تؤدي الى خرق سيادة الدولة عبر تدخل الدول او المنظمات الدولية في السياسات العامة للدولة بصورة مباشرة او | The restoration or reform is not only considered as a case which proclaimed by the society in order to amend and rectify the wrong policies of the political regime which is the result of the dishonest persons or the failure plans and programs , but also becomes a case which may result a penetration for the state authority through the intervention of the states or the international organizations in the general policies of the state , directly or indirectly and relationship of the restoration with cases of the democracy , fighting the terror and the release from the exhaustive dictatorial regimes. Egypt is one of the Arabic States which demanded by the United States Of America directly through making wide restorations in all the fields , The United States Of America was not the lonely demander for making the restorations because the Egyptian resistance and the civilian society which represented by various classes of people , demanded the government for the restoration policies in order to release from the corruption with all it’s forms. For the importance of the restoration policies issue between the inside requirements and the outside conditions and study Egypt situation , it is necessary to deal with the research through three chapters , the first one represents the theoretical frame of the restoration nation , while the second emphasized on explaining the way of the Egyptian regime and it’s complications and the problems which the society is suffering from and the working way of the political parties and the civilian society , while the third chapter shows the restoration policies during three presidencies. The research also deals with the restoration demands between the outside and the inside. Finally , we speak about what Egypt needs of restorational policies. The research show that the political restoration didn’t get it’s real dimensions but it has just had media from through electoral advertising programs , so we see the governors dodging when there is a speech about this issue especially because of the masses demands related with process of the authority circulation peacefully with the political participation of the people in order to reach the achieving of the promised democracy while , we see the governors rush towards making any policy which imposed on them from the outside , even though , it is not for the benefit of their people , this emphasize the tyranny of the outside restoration demands on the society ones for the restoration

مستقبل الدور العالمي لليابان

اسم المؤلف: ايلاف راجح هادي
اسم المشرف: صلاح حسن محمد
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: الدراسات الاستراتيجية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: When we are search about global role pf Japan we can say japan's role not a newly state because when we read the abstract of Japan modern history from al - meji age 1868 to the end of the cold war 1990 ,we found Japan had views of global role especially in the first level of modern history from 1868 to 1945 the final year of the second world war, in this era Japan had all aspects and conditions of global role in military, economic and industrial powers. So the modern history of Japan produce to us study about the ability of Japan to arise again to play strong global role and explain the Japanese look after globalization and how they love the nationalism.In the second level of modern history Japan became economic power in international system and left the disarray life as a result of American occupation in 1945, this fact reflect the Japan's ability to develop international role in the future, We have enough evidence to know Japan lives today building age toward expanding the role in the future, this evidence divided into abilities and semblances.About abilities, Japan engage with it's abilities in complete seriously rather than domestic or foreign abilities, so japan realize the capability size of them, and this point consider the secret of japan successful and they have good strategic with clear purposes without forgetting cruel circumstances which around japan rather than opportunity or checks and reach to middle settlement which give a chance for japan to efficient relation with themselves, so the domestic abilities have higher honesty in all aspects, therefore Japan have a great basis especially in economic and technology fields which gives Japan a great influence in global economic such as global commerce, global investment and development assistance (ODA. we can not forgetting the community of japan which have strong people with strong unity and respect the national traditions like family gathering work and develop cooperation spirit in individuals behavior.In military field Japan developed the military forces in all aspects navy, air force and land force without excited domestic and regional fears depends on cooperation procedures and build the trust between the states of region, therefore Japan built modern navy force which consider one of the best navy forces in region support it by distinct air force depend on fighter planes in different types further to ground defenders base such as shield of missiles and developed missile ability by security cooperation with united states of America.But with presence of the various positives sides we can not say there is no weak points in japan's ability but the question here where is the secret done to cross these gaps?! By the completely realized to gaps of Japan's identity with the experience of related with these gaps and own the ability to found successful solves and the plans to supply these to avoid the gaps, this process is the secret of Japan's successful national strategic the matter which reflect the efficient of Japan's institutions, about political system that's right there is many gaps in political system such as un stability and administration corruption but Japanese start work hard toward evolutions in administration, economic and political fields for creating stable domestic environment which gives a chance to express the future picture of Japan and make successful strategic to achieve this future, further, there is clearly fact Since nineties of last century expressed by the real will seems on Japan to opportunity the new international circumstances and prevailed invitation to make a turning in foreign policy of Japan with new shape distinct by independence and national interests, the international environment gives a chance for japan to develop foreign programs and translate it to level much progress and not limit in economic but expanding to political international influence the foreign policy of Japan began give interest to places and subjects were not important before this moment like Africa and middle east and japan began participate in administrate issues of these places. Further, Japan increase the interest about international organizations especially the united nations, increase Japan's activities in united nations from increase a number of Japanese employs to participation with a high percent in finance of united nations activities and don't forgetting japan is the first state in whole global stage in gives assistance and loans for developing countries. The new foreign programs of Japan not limit in economic or political but cross it by japan seek to get a permanent set in security council by expanding participation in international security and military act which not limited lastly on united nations activities in peace keeping operations but cross it to real participate by military troops because respect the obligations and responsibilities towards the alliances especially united states of America. therefore, Japan participated in multi nations force in Iraq, this operation consider quality transformation for japan's activity in two sides, first, developed the japan's military international participation ,second, launch the Japan's will towards expanding the global role without hesitation. This matter reflects the Japanese intention to develop present role in future levels even reach in future to the Japan role with independence global participation. We conclude from this study that Japan in its policy on global arena will face three fundamental spectators : First : this scene supposes that Japan as regard as a super economic power and still in economic role without expanding this role to political and security acts. Second : this scene suppose that Japan in future going to become independence super power have own strategic focus on national interests without alliances influence and japan ambition to get global pole. Third : this scene suppose that Japan not still perform just economic role but going to support it by political and security roles by participation in global issues administration and in global arrangement of collective security this scene not far away toward global pole by challenged the circumstances surrounding Japan, but relate carefully with obstacles and hope to exceeding some of these obstacles and don't agitation the others even the circumstances allowed to over passing this false steps in next era in future, so this scene draw a global role not evokes the regional and international fears against Japan and mobile toward global vivacious participation. When the reality of Japan read these spectators reflect a fact means these spectators regard as a levels will achieving according To capability of Japan, so we have the first viewer accomplishment in the 20century But the question did japan satisfied about this case or seeking to develop it to another viewer the third one in fact this posture is a most ability to achieve in future opposite the second viewer suppose global pole by challenge all obstacles and smash it bowling toward globalization the matter which mean japan faced with ambitions of other powers potentially leads to struggle, therefore, this posture need long era for done it's conditions and the necessary evolutions. Finally ,we can say Japan set front of future conclude global vivacious role in all aspects.

العولمة واثارها في نقل التكنولوجيا في الوطن العربي == Globalization & Its Impacts Upon Transferring Technology In The Arab Nation

اسم المؤلف: وفاء محـمد عـزيـز الـرفيـعي
اسم المشرف: سمير عبود عباس الشمري
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2006
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان من الحقائق المؤكدة ان درجة التطور الاقتصادي والاجتماعي لاية دولة مرتبطة اساسا بدرجة تطور تلك الدولة تكنولوجيا، فالتكنولوجيا ذات اهمية حيوية في الحرب والسلم، وان الاعتبار التكنولوجية قد اصبحت تسيطر على البناء الاقتصادي لجميع الدول وتزداد هذه السيطرة مع | Our world is witnessing today a great acceleration of so many factors and incidents concerning spread of Globalization phenomena through all its mechanisms and organizations for the purpose of moving it from the regional aspect towards the universal aspect. In the time the Arab nations are suffering from lagging in the economical and social programs mainly due to lagging in the scientific and technological levels in comparison to the other countries in the civilized world. Globalization phenomena today is a comprehensive international concept and being adopted by well - known international organizations such as the UN, International Monetary Fund, National Bank for Building & Construction in addition to WTO. Upon the so - called basis the Arab nations should plan its strategy to interact with these incidents and using some of this phenomena’s mechanism precisely the part that help in transferring great deeds of the scientific technological revolution.This research is quite significance because it focuses on discovering and analyzing the tracks of this phenomenon in its all dimensions and mechanisms for the scientific and technological progress and results of the reflection over developing process in the Arab Nations. Thus multi - national companies are playing an eminent role in transferring and subjugating technology, in its international level, by applying in different projects worldwide. Objective of the research This research is aiming to achieve the following : 1 - Discovering and analyzing “Globalization” as an economical phenomena which is playing a considerable role in direct and indirect effect on the world economics including the Arab Nations.2 - Analyzing the phenomenon’s impact upon the scientific and technological sides. Meanwhile the multi - national companies are playing an extra role in promoting this process, as it is one of Globalization’s mechanism, reflexes on the technological development. 3 - The research is also aim to combine between development objective in the Arab Nations and means for achieving them.Research Hypothesis The research is based upon two hypotheses : A - Lagging of the Arab economy is mainly due to lagging in science and technology.B - Globalization, as phenomena, through its entire dimensions and mechanism, has influenced on the scientific and technological development in the Arab World.Methodology of the Research In order to achieve the research’s objective and hypothesis the researcher has performed different scientific research methods i.e. the descriptive and statistical analyzing methodology for discovering and analyzing the entity of Globalization including its mechanism as well as its impact over the technological development in the Arab Nations. Also using of the historical methodology to identify the historical background of creating and developing this global phenomenon. Analyzing the Scientific References The research has depended on scientific references, especially those related to Globalization and its mechanism and organizations, written by Arab and Iraqi authors and contemplator. In addition the research has made use of bunch of statistics and reports reveling the actual scientific and technological level in the Arab Nations. Previous studies also took part in this research such as independent researches and relevant scientific thesis written by specialized academic professors. Notably those references have enriched this research a lot. The frame of the Research In order to prove the research’s hypotheses and achieving its goals, the study has tackled the subject through a preface and three chapters consisting of nine topics plus the conclusions and recommendations;? Chapter One has tackled the theoretical background for the research regarding Globalization its mechanism and organizations connecting with technology. This chapter consists of three topics. The first topic has tackled the main concept for Globalization, the second tackled the mechanism and organizations of Globalization, while the third has tackled the relation between Globalization and technology.? Chapter Two has tackled the Arabic true technological level and development requirements. The first topic tackled the technological role in development process. The second topic took the Arabic technological reality while the third topic has studied the actual scientific and technological level of Arab Nations. ? Chapter Three has included Globalization influence upon the present and future of the Arab economy and technology. The first topic has studied the Globalization impacts upon Arab economical reality. The second topic included Globalization impacts upon Arab technological reality. While the third topic has taken the perspective horizons to limit globalization’s impacts upon Arab technology. The researcher has came into conclusions, from the contents and steps of her research, in order to give proper recommendations and present this study before other researchers and specialists in economy.

نظرية المصلحة في الطعن الجنائي : دراسة مقارنة == The Theory Of Interest In The Criminal Challenge Comparison Study

اسم المؤلف: محمد عباس حمودي حسين الزبيدي
اسم المشرف: حسن عودة زعال حبيب الغانمي | عباس زبون عبيد العبودي
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الجنائي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: لاريب ان اهمية المصلحة في الطعن الجنائي بوصفها مصلحة قانونية تمثل هدفا ساميا، جعلها تستحوذ على جانب كبير من عمل المشرع والفقيه، كما انها تمثل محورا تدور حوله اجراءات واسباب الطعن لكل من تظلم من قرار او حكم صدر ضد مصلحته او لم يستجب لطلباته على اقل تقدي | Undoubtedly, the importance of interest in criminal challenge, as a legal interest that represents a lofty aim, occupies a great aspect of legislator or jurist job. Also, it represents pivot of challenge procedures and reasons for anyone who complained of a decision or judgment pronounced against his interest or his demands have not been responded at least. On the other hand, the importance of interest in challenge becomes obvious when it relates to reasons of challenge that belong to a law mistake or procedures invalidity. This makes it relevant to both sections of criminal law. The Iraqi criminal legislator disregarded organizing and manifesting judgments that deal with interest in the criminal challenge, as well as he disregarded organizing a general theory for invalidity in the law of penal courts origins. In order to shed light on essence of interest in the criminal challenge and to determine its historical, legal, international and constitutional basis. In order to shed light on the role of legislation and criminal judiciary to incarnate the interest as an important principle in criminal challenge in legislations and legal applications compared in this study, Therfore the plan study responded to all this date & formation form tow parts. The First is : essence & base of interest in the criminal challenge. The second is : The legislative role of the interest in the criminal challenge theory & it's judicial applications. Part one collapse Tow Chapters, Chapter one deals with the essence of interest in the criminal challenge, concept and principles. Also deals with it's definition, it's conceptions, the basis of interest in criminal challenge, it's limiting, distinction between it & other similar subject. Whereas Chapter two deals with the basic of interest in the criminal challenge in ancient western &eastern legislations, Islamic law, international law and constitutions. Part Tow also contain tow chapters, in the first chapter we study the legislative role of interest in the criminal challenge in the field of substantive and procedural clauses throw the legislative policy of legislator the effect of criminal description of crime to the interest in the criminal challenge. In chapter Tow, the researcher reviewed the judicial applications in Iraq the judicial system of, France, Egypt, Syria, Jordan & Libya according to the comparative study. Finally There are many conclusions of this study which may explain the role & important of the interest in criminal challenge , there are many recommendations contain many suggestions adaptation some of article of Iraqi law of penal courts origins which have a relationship with the interest in the criminal challenge

قبول الاجنبي في اقليم الدولة : دراسة مقارنة == Acceptance Of Foreigner In The Region Of The State Comparative Study

اسم المؤلف: محمد جلال حسن عبد الله
اسم المشرف: جعفر محمد جواد الفضلي
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الدولي الخاص
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعد ظاهرة التنقل من اقدم الظواهر التي عرفتها البشرية فما من حضارة الا وعرف اهلها الانتقال من مكان لاخر، بهدف طلب الرزق او بحثا عن الملجا الامن، وغير ذلك. ولعل من اكبر تحديات القرن الحادي والعشرين ضمان تمتع كل الافراد في جميع انحاء العالم بالامن وحرية | Travelling is one of the most ancient phenomena in the history of mankind. All the civilization witnessed the movement from one place t another and the reception of the foreigners for living or looking for save refuge. Feeling of security and freedom of movement are the main challenges of the 21st century because they are fundamental personal freedoms are assured by all the constitutions. In the present time, it is impossible to find a country without foreign subjects because of the social and economic interest and the development of the communications. This leads to the emergence of an important problem namely the foreign subject. Of course, this will lead to the conclusion of many international conventions. In each society, there are nationals and foreigners but the distinction is the national law. All the legislations of the country deal with the nationals without mentioning the foreigners. By foreigners, it is meant the people who never have the nationality of the country. When the state mentions the nationals this implicitly means that the state has already determined the foreigners. The notion of foreigners has seen societies namely Greek and Roman the foreigners were deprived of all rights and they were called as Berbers and they were considered as slaves and they were looked down. The Islam came with international call and the message of freedom and equality. The Islamic world is a religious and political unity known as the Homeland of Islam in order to distinguish it from other non - Muslim countries which are known as “The Homeland of War”. Those people are known as the non - Muslim subjects in Islamic country “Ahl Al - Themma”, and in our modern age, this status has bee developed as the intellectual and philosophical concepts. All the countries have already taken certain measures and procedures in order to accept foreigners in their regions. In fact, this subject has been the care of many judicial discussions. It has bee given wide as well as narrow interpretation according to the interest of the states and this will have positive and negative impact on foreigners and their freedom in travelling. Therefore, the general view of the principle of regional sovereignty is no longer sacred as it was before. This is due to the fact that there is an increasing need of international community and close relations. It is important to add that such countries give more rights to foreigners as a result of the requirements of international common living and the reciprocal interests. Some countries incline to have conventional agreements might enjoy more rights according to international treaties. These treaties confine the principle of equality. The doctrine confirms that the foreigners have minimal limits of rights. This does not mean that the right of entrance is absolute without taking into consideration the general situation of the receiving country or these are certain conditions which must be met in order to allow him to enter. If we agree that there are certain conditions for the security of the state do these conditions are applicable to all foreigners or there are some exceptions? All the countries require a passport and a visa. The foreigner cannot travel or exercise his rights unless he has these two elements. When these conditions are met the foreigner must have authorization in order to have a residence for an agreed period of time or it is mere a transit. The foreigner has certain obligations and any violation will be sanctioned. Moreover, he is under the control from which the nationals are free.The foreigner is obliged to leave the country whenever his residence comes to an end. But he cannot leave without being assured that he has done all his obligations whether financial or social or economic. Sometimes the state can expel the foreigners whenever its national security is jeopardized. He is also expelled when he behaves in a way sanctioned by law or when he enters in an irregular and illegal way or he has been sentenced by another country or this can be applied according to a treaty of extradition. All these procedures must be followed according to legislation agreed upon. Now, the foreigner is also concerned with all the legislation of the state where he lives. He enjoys all the rights dictated by human existence. This is mentioned by the international law which guarantees the minimal limits of rights for foreigners.Consequently, the present study points out the notion of foreigners and the historical development of this subject and the international frame of entrance and residence in any country. This determines the rights and obligations of foreigners according to the applicable rules concerning the diplomats, aliens and refugees. It explains the sovereignty and regional borders and all the economic, political and administrative aspects for treating the foreigners in Iraq. The researcher determines the general rules of entrance and residence of foreigners in this country. Because all the prevailing conditions are not so suitable for what is going on the international theatre, the researcher proposes a change of most of the articles of the present law No (1180 of 1978 especially the situation by foreigners and their treatment in Iraq in the future when stability and law prevail.

نشوز الزوجة : دراسة مقارنة == Wife's Disobedience Comparative Study

اسم المؤلف: فراس جرجيس خلف الخاتوني
اسم المشرف: عبد المحسن قاسم الحاج حمو العبادي
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: قانون الاحوال الشخصية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • نشوز الزوجة
  • سبب
  • شرعي
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: نشوز الزوجة هو ارتفاعها عن اداء الحق الواجب عليها تجاه زوجها المتمثل بطاعته ومعاشرته بالمعروف وتسليم نفسها له وملازمة المسكن.وقد اختلف الفقهاء في معنى النشوز الذي بحثناه في المطلب الثاني من المبحث الاول من الفصل الاول، والراجح في ذلك هو تعريف بعض الشاف | Wife's disobedience is the case when she gets astray on doing her duties to the husband; which is to obey and to live peacefully with him. In addition to giving herself up for cohabitation. Scholars have different views opposite to each other to the meaning of disobedience. The most common one is the definition of some Shafia; that is mentioned above. Since it implies most of the wife's disobedience methods and ways that are mentioned in the prophet's Sunna that was verified after the Holy Quran. It taboos the disobedience. The researched legislation laws that are the Iraqi, Syrian and the Egyptian have adopted the concept of disobedience judgment concept that is Al - Hanafi's definition. It includes the concept of having the wife getting out of the marital house and not to cohabit with the husband for no reason. Whereas the Moroccan law adopted Al - Maliki's concept of disobedience. On the other side of the coin, the Tunisi law does not mention the disobedience concept, but it only omitted the obedience right of the husband lately and no further details as far as conduct are mentioned. And wife's disobedience has reasons which divided into illegal reasons to wife's disobedience that are divided into major and minor ones. Besides there are legal reasons as what's been agreed upon among Muslims scholars, and some disputed ones as well. These are many in the Islamic Faqah. The Iraqi and Egyptian code consider unjustifiable imprisonment as illegal reasons as the majority of the scholars consider it, whereas Al - Malikia and Abo - Yousif from Al - Hanafia consider it as a legal reason for disobedience if it was wrongful or for a dept. That's what we have agreed upon as well. The legal reasons have been pointed out by the Iraqi code and refers to in general term as (legal justification). Whereas it splitted the legal reasons for the legal house after it has appointed legal standards in item 2 of article 25 that is limited only to the illegal husband's disobedience, which is a legal reason for her disobedience. The Iraqi legislator was criticizing this. Whereas the Syrian and Egyptian legislator are better than the Iraqi one especially in the excuse issue of the women professionality. As far as the Egyptian one, it tackles the legal excuse in a very detailed and clear way. There are hidden and obvious disobedience types. The disobedience methods in the doctrines, so they coincide according to each one of them. The Shafia's doctrine has the most describable image for the wife's disobedience according to its definition. Then comes the Al - Hanbali, we have preferred the shafia's doctrine except in some issues; which are the wrongful imprisonment. Also, Ashora’ fasting, Arafa and the Sunnan prayers that are considered excuses and justifications to the wife unlike the point of view of the scholars’ majority. The disobedience image in all the Iraqi, Syrian and Egyptian laws is the same mostly. This is due to their taking the Hanafia's doctrine. The wife's disobedience has outcomes at the end whether in the Islamic Faqah or the situational law. Since there would be spiritual effects out of abandoning the husband to his wife in bed and hitting her gently and unharmfully. Also, her right would be dropped as far as sleeping when there are multi - wives. Besides, there are financial effects that are represented in dropping off the alimony temporarily. This is applicable to all doctrines except Al - Thahria, and when separation is sentenced. The Iraqi law has pointed out the abandon as a reason of the separation if it continues two or more years, as in article 43 of the identity cards code. Whereas the other Arabic codes has limited this period within 1 year or more. This period would be specified by Al - Aila’a which is 4 months as to what's been indicated in Islamic Sharia’a. Also, the Iraqi law has given the right to the husband to hit his wife as in the sanctions code. Whereas in the Arabic countries, the hitting is not a means to settle the wife down because women reached to high positions.The Arabic laws consider the wife's disobedience a dropping for the expenses after divorce. Also, the Iraqi legislator considers it a reason of separation and it effects the dowry, so it still criticizing as well. The obedience of the wives after their disobedience has conditions to be met in the Islamic Faqah. This is on two types : hidden one; that are done inside the marital house without a judge or by the wife herself based on the husband's way of settling her down. Or it could be an obvious one; that is after the wife's leaving the marital house and through a judge either by the wife herself or by the husband's invitation. The Iraqi and comparative laws do not mention but the last type, which is the obvious disobedience, since that law deals only with explicit and obvious issues.A rumor among barristers and lawyers says that the obedience case is a dead one in the Iraqi legislation. But this says unjustifiable is under view and correction.

حلف شمال الاطلسي وحفظ السلم والامن الدوليين : دراسة قانونية == Nato And Maintain International Peace And Security Legal Study

اسم المؤلف: عمر عبد الحميد عمر النعيمي
اسم المشرف: عامر عبد الفتاح الجومرد
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الدولي العام
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • حلف شمال الاطلسي
  • حفظ السلم والامن الدوليين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعد حلف شمال الاطلسي من اهم الاحلاف العسكرية في القرن المنصرم وابرزها، لاسباب عدة منها على سبيل المثال وليس الحصر، دوره في فرض الامن في منطقة ستراتجية مهمة الا وهي شمال الاطلسي، ولانه يضم اكثر دول العالم تقدما تقنيا وتكنولوجيا، فضلا عن ذلك فان لديه ا | NATO is considered one of the most important and international military pacts which had been established doing the last century, and this due to several certain reasons. for example the main target of this organization is to impose security over an important and strategic area. Further more, this organization has many legalistic and military capacities. Hence, after the collapse of Warship pacts and the break up of it involved in security conflicts which means uncovering of eastern front of the pact towards various and serious risks either ethnic or religious and this due to the weakness of the economic structure of the republic and most of then don't applied the concepts of democracy. In addition to that most of these republic have weapon of mass destruction.NATO became an aimless one, as we knew each pact has a specific aim i.e. a specified enemy. especially after the collapse of both warsho pact and Soviet Union, NATO became an aimless organization, so it stroly searched for a certain issue which would be appropriable with its role and fifth expectations for the next period. consequently. for these above mentioned reasons and for other unknown one the organization put a certain basic aim for it which is the expansion towards the east so as to join many measure and bilateral treaties. Expansion here doesn't contain the membership of those states only but it included the military from work which is due to the widening of geographical field of the pact. Therefore this also contained the targets and the tasks of this pact, which is the most important point, NATO has determined the scope of its geographical action in the north Atlantic are in accordance with its charter so as to maintain international peace and security throughout this area. Consequently, after its expansion throughout its specific aims and tasks the area of the Northern Atlantic become as a conventional one of the pact. Further more another extents were determined so as to enable the pact to take effective measures and give attention to its basic issues, which first of them is to face the threatens of the security of its area and the main economic interest. Therefore the pact under various stipulations can intervene even far from the extents of its traditional action. In addition to that, there is a explicit legal contradiction within the situation as a wrole, hence, the pact has been able to play a semi - inter nation role in the concerning its relationship with the UN, as we know that the NATO has adopted all the purpose and the special principles provided in the UN charter and it make them as legal rules which can help it to do its tasks. It is worth mentioning, the charter of the pact don't contain any legal measure which may be used to deal with the oranges of the UN especially, with the security council, its main aim is to maintain international peace and security.Security council should be in formed about any actions that the pact may take in the case of collective defense. Then, the problem here is that the legislator of the pact didn't discuss the relationship between the pact and the security council, this means there is deliberate ambiguity by the pact legislators in order to make the above mention relationship an unclear and observe one, so as to give the pact more freedom to do its military operations. After the expansion of the pact, this operation resulted some effects which nay affair the previous explanation. So these effects didn't explain for with what international organ it was? But the operation was mentioned in Washington and Rome conferences so as to attach the NATO to the UN. Generally speaking, and without determine which is the organ that the pact is connected? and the legal problem which is resulted after the expansion of the pact is the capability of the pact to intervene in although, there is an arrived attack, and this what actually happened in (Yugoslavia) and the security Council decided that there was threatens to international peace and security, but there is no aggression or an armed attack event may be considered an explicit contradiction with what Article 61 of the UN Charter provides Moreover the above mentioned Article is the main base for the pact to do its actions. A/v these justification and another criticism for the expansion operation i.e. the criticisms of pecistimitics, the socialists or the expansion operation made these criticisms the legality of NATO more weakened. As we knew there is no contradiction between the military pacts and the UN charter although that the league has some stipulations. It's worth mentioning, the important topic about the NATO is the nature of its actions. Practically, there was a lawful problem that at the time, of Warsho pact and the Sovit Union, this pact must be a member in the security council. add to that the charter of NATO encourage the operation of armaments but it mentioned it tacitly, and it expressed its expansion its tasks limited with the question of the legality of the pact more and more, from the other hand its wide intervenes and many actions which may make the UN as the legal rule for its actions, the pact sometimes stand against the UN or may compete with it. In spite of what above mentioned NATO has been achieved a kind of stability in its traditional area, actually NATO can face any probable dangers and this is considered as an essential aim that most of the military pacts aim to attain it.

دور الارادة في تحديد الاختصاص القضائي الدولي واثارها : دراسة مقارنة == The Role Of Will In Determining International Judicial Competence Comparative Study

اسم المؤلف: علياء احمد مبارك الزوبعي
اسم المشرف: نواف حازم خالد
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الدولي الخاص
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الارادة
  • الاختصاص القضائي الدولي
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعد الخضوع الارادي احد الضوابط المهمة في فقه القانون الدولي الخاص والتي ينعقد على اساسه اختصاص المحكمة للنظر في النزاع، ويمكن ان يكون الاتفاق على الخضوع لمحكمة معينة صريحا سواء اكان سابقا على قيام النزاع ام لاحقا له، او ضمنيا ويكون بالخضوع المادي لاح | Voluntary submission is one of the self - evident rules in the private international Law. On which depends the competence of the court in order to deal with the conflict. The agreement of submission might be explicit or implicit. It is explicit for certain court before or after the conflict. It is also implicit when it is physical submission to one of the two parties or both of them in front of one of the courts. This submission is of double nature, in this case it will take legal proceedings of law of will because it is a contract. There might be previous agreement about voluntary submission. As for the effects of submission, they concern the law of the judge because they are related to the process. Giving will a role in determining judicial competence has nothing to do with the relation between judicial competence and public order. But it is based on the existence of a general theory of giving up the competence, i.e., the judge has the right to give up his competence within certain conditions whenever these conditions are met the court has the right to give up the conflict and this indicates to the court which will settle the dispute. It is important to add that the Islamic Law and the international conventions acknowledge this right in spite of the differences which exist among them. It is obvious that Brussels convention of 1968 and the Declaration of Brussels of 2001 concerning foreign judgments give the two conflicting parties the right of choosing the court of one of the contracting countries. Mention must be made of Hague convention because it is thoroughly about voluntary submission. Two effects will result out of voluntary submission. The first one is positive which leads to a convention of enlargement of the competence of the court. This means that the court settles the conflict which are not its own competence but they have all the required conditions. The second one is negative because the concerned court will be deprived of its competence. The agreement of voluntary submission concerns the person to whom the right or the debt has been transferred except the contracts of transport because the consignee is absent. It is possible that his submission is to a court which never guarantees the required legal protection. As a result of the development in the field of commercial operations and because of use of modern electronic means of communications, it gives the will the ability of an agreement electronically in order to choose certain court concerned with the conflict. Because of these developments the electronic agreement has the same value of the ordinary written agreement. This submission has an effect on applicable law as a result of the freedom of the countries for the adaptation of conflicts and applying all the rules which are compatible with its legal system. This is due to the fact that the concept of public order is quite different from one country to another and therefore we find a difference in the final settlement of the dispute.

القانون الواجب التطبيق على عقد التامين : دراسة مقارنة == Applicable Law Of Insurance Contract A Comparative Study

اسم المؤلف: زينة حازم خلف
اسم المشرف: كامل عبد الحسين حسن البلداوي
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون التجاري
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • القانون الواجب
  • عقد التامين
  • القانون، التطبيق
  • الواجب
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعد عقد التامين الذي ينظم العلاقة ما بين المؤمن والمؤمن له ضرورة لتحقيق الامان والطمانينة لمصالح الافراد والجماعات المشتركين فيه ضد ما يحويه المستقبل لهم من اخطار يعجز الفرد بمفرده عن تحملها، كما يعد في المجتمع البداية الحقيقية للمستقبل الافضل لانه يشمل | Insurance contract which organized the relationship between the assuror and assured has a necessity to achieve safety and trust for individuals and groups' interest who participated in it against to what future hidden from risks that individual cant not bear to face it alone. As it consider in society the true starting for best life in human being. It is including an addition to the secure of man' life also the safety on his money properties and his life resources all with his mental and educational identity.Insurance contract in the frame of special international law considered a contract of important contract which needed to clarify in order to build legal system that practice on it. But if the contract itself produced a difficult, there will be no way to search its content but it will be just through searching in its insurance contract root age that distinguished it on what is similar with other contracts which specially reflected on the law that ruled it.So if we enabled to summaries limited indicators to the importance of insurance contract. This will simplify us showing legal adoptive as a preface to search the most distinguished theories and legal rules which are shaped the international law juries - consults (legal experts) and national organization like the Roma's convention for the year 1980 and young and Enfris rules concerned with mutual marines looses. In addition to legislations and different laws.But on the light of relations' information for the search which occupied the rules of necessary application of a distinguish place and mixed with rules that left for freedom of the parts and their desires. So it must be shade a light on these rules and norms as regarded, we added another dimensions for the problem of conflict of law in the concern of special national relations. The rules of necessary application are the most rules which to proceed with the nature of insurance contract that gave constant saving stability (necessary stability) and affirmed insurance for those whose relations will rule by a known law in advance.And lead to solution justice and established balance in the relation that the equality may occupied between its pats. Where these rules usually build on the base of mental relation which linked its content and aims with space of application. And distinguished it on the rules of single approach in attribution (single side) that characterized insurance contracts which organized according to the rules ( that applied) within Loyid's in international organization.In addition to that, the rules of necessary application were and still in respectable place by international organizations that handled this subject in place of search if it was to the Roma convention or for European direction. Cause it considered from order rules which the nations legislations aimed to achieve certain goals, represented in insurance contract with a protection the week partner (assure) and protected economical basis for these countries.If the law of necessary application on insurance contract being according to the special supporting limitations to protect the week part with economical and social basis for different countries which are contracted with this contract. So it is necessary to this law to not limit on the subject of contract, that expanding to all its elements except to what is related with insurer qualification which is always being on the shape of insurance company, insurer, and what is related with the shape of contract that represented by (insurance document). In addition to the claims of insurance contract which were juristic difficulties to what is related to the law that ruled it. So the Iraqi insurance law of the number (10) for the year 2005 has a special role in the field of rules businesses of necessary application on insurance contract which in its part reflected clearly on the traditional supporting rules (rule of willing law) which is represented in the article (1/25) of the Iraqi civil law

النظام القانوني لوكالة العقود التجارية : دراسة مقارنة == The Legal System Of Commercial Contracts Agency A Comparative Study

اسم المؤلف: اسراء صلاح محمد سعيد الطائي
اسم المشرف: هالة مقداد احمد الجليلي
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون التجاري
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: وكالة العقود هي احدى صور الوكالة التجارية القائمة على فكرة النيابة الكاملة في التعاقد. فهي بمضمونها عقد يلتزم بموجبه شخص يسمى الوكيل بان يتولى على وجه الاستمرار، وفي منطقة نشاط معينة الترويج والتفاوض وابرام الصفقات باسم شخص اخر يدعى الموكل ولحسابه مقابل ا | Contracts agency is considered to be one the most commercial agencies that draw upon the idea of the complete proxy in contracting process. It is inclusively a contract that assumes an individual to undertake currently, in a certain active location, to negotiate and dealing. This can be fulfilled by the name and for the account of another constituent individual against a wage payable to the agent. The current study delineated that the contract has a property of being prominent rather than other formulas and commercial mediations. In order to fulfill the requirements of the any contract, there should be provided by parties of the contact (agent and procurator) and other individuals who sign the contract for them. The agent himself seeks individually to form this element, whichever advertisement, negotiating and ensuring. It should provide the prerequisite requirements (satisfaction, location and reason) for the integrity of the contract items to be validated in the rightful parties. Before the practice of the agent to the activities of implementing the contract agency inside the required country, he should make the procedures of the commercial record registration. Thus, it is prohibited to practice the agenda of commercial agency, only to the names recorded in the commercial record registration. These have been provided by the commercial agency lawful items. Commercial agency has properties may be associated with other contracts as a party - binding contract depends on negotiating among parties. Additionally, some properties that may be individualized tan others. The commercial agent characterized by individuality that he is free of managing all commercial activities. On the basis of signing the contract between the two parties, rights and commitments may be established. Many relations have emerged almost among the parties of the contract or the agent and the other individuals. If any party breaches the agency, there have been commitments about this type of liability.As for any contract, there must be validated. Contract agency provided the general reasons to validate the agency. Additionally, the lawmaker provided the individual reasons that the contract agency may have been validated. This can be seen in an individual will for one party of the contract and the idea of cooperative right that the contract thought was based on and justified the private system for the accomplishment. It is dedicated that the other party may be compensated as result to the violation of one item in contract agency on condition of uncompetitive procedure of the incompletion the contract. What is the conclusion of the judging condition and the degree of commitment to the parties of the contract after the validation?

اجراءات الاثبات المدني : دراسة مقارنة == Civil Proofs Affirmation Procedures

اسم المؤلف: وائل مؤيد جلال الدين الجليلي
اسم المشرف: عباس زبون عبيد العبودي
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: قانون الاثبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • الاثبات المدني
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعد اجراءات الاثبات قواعد شكلية، تحدد ما يتبع من وسائل في تقديم طرق الاثبات يجب على الخصوم القيام بها، وهذه الاجراءات ترتبط بالاثبات القضائي المدني الذي له اهمية بالغة في التاكيد على وجود الحقوق وصحتها، ولا تكاد تخلو اية دعوى مدنية من وجوب وجود الاثبات | The proof registration is a one of the routine procedures. It specifies the means that both disputed parties have top follow. These procedures are linked with the civil judicial proofing system that has a great value in assuring people's rights and its legality. There is no civil complain without the proof system being affirmed in it and its procedures as well. The legislator aims to achieve justice, respect to the defense rights and facilitates the proving process. That's due to the fact that there is no siting procedures are being shown in it that the disputed parties and judges have to commit to. The disputed parties can not impose procedures of other proving procedures that the law has not mentioned.Therefore, the proof system has a great value to both disputed parties because they mostly lose their cases. This is due to their not following the right ways of law. The present paper discovers the ambiguities the these procedures has and that belong to the proofing system in the law by providing evidence to the court of law and make the judges committed to these evidence though it is routine. These procedures have to be before the court of law and to be part of the civil complain case and that the law is based on it directly.These procedures are comprehensive and general. This paper has tackled some of these proofing procedures that directly coincide with the case that need to be proved. It includes the written evidence proving in experience and checking. Also, the indirect proof system that doesn’t coincide with the case needed to be proved and includes the evidence of gestures and confessions and questioning and the oath. Then, the court of law authority duration has been specified in the terms of the procedures that govern the evidence and proofs whether it is direct or indirect one.

العبودية لله تعالى واثرها في سلوك المسلم

اسم المؤلف: مؤيد محمود حسن المشهداني
اسم المشرف: شاكر محمود عبد المنعم الهيتي
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: اصول الدين
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

ايات البصر والبصيرة في القران الكريم : دراسة موضوعية

اسم المؤلف: محمد خضر علي العيساوي
اسم المشرف: شاكر محمود عبد المنعم الهيتي
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: التفسير
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

تاسي الدعاة في صبر النبي في الدعوة الى الله

اسم المؤلف: كيلان خليل حيدر الاتروشي
اسم المشرف: خميس دحام علي الزوبعي
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: الدعوة والخطابة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

ايات الخروج في سبيل الله : دراسة موضوعية

اسم المؤلف: كاظم عطية حمادي العزي
اسم المشرف: رافع اسعد عبد الحليم العاني
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: التفسير
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

الفكر التربوي الوضعي واثره على المسلم المعاصر

اسم المؤلف: قتيبة عباس حمد حبيب
اسم المشرف: وليد غفوري البدري
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: الفكر الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

النصوص الباقية في تفسير ابي بكر محمد بن علي بن اسماعيل القفال الشاشي (ت 265 هـ) : جمع وتحقيق ودراسة

اسم المؤلف: فرحان عزيز مجيد
اسم المشرف: قوام الدين عبد الستار محمد الهيتي
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: التفسير
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

جهـود الامام بـدر الـدين العـيني فـي علوم القران في كــتابه عمدة القاري في شــرح صحيح البخاري

اسم المؤلف: علاء جاسم محمد الحمداني
اسم المشرف: غانم قدوري الحمد
الموضوع العام: العلوم الاسلامية
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم القران
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Praise be to Allah and blessing and peace be upon the prophet of Allah, then… This research is considered a new step in Koran studies that deal with demonstrating the importance of Prophet’s Sunna and its relation with the Holy Koran, considering that Prophet’s Sunna explains the Holy Koran. In this study, the researcher’s task is firstly to demonstrate Al - Ainee’s opinions and then to discuss those opinions through showing the scientists says and comparing them with his says. The researcher depended on many references that deal with the subject. It required a preface, four chapters, a conclusion and an annex of masters’ translations. ? Results of Research : 1. In the preface, the researcher talked about Al - Ainee’s life. He revealed his birth, growth, sheikhs and students. 2. Al - Ainee depended on many references. His book characterized by many transcriptions. Al - Ainee did not transcript only, but also he discussed and refused.3. Al - Ainee exerted efforts that deal with descending of Holy Koran, the first verse, the last verse, revelation, Mecci and Medini verses, … etc. 4. Al - Ainee asserted that the Mecci are those verses descended in Mecca even if descended after Hijra, and Medini are those verses descended in Medina. He depended basically on the place to know that. 5. Al - Ainee talked about collecting and writing the Holy Koran in the time of Abu Baker and Othman.6. Al - Ainee talked about the seven letters and showed the scientists’ opinions. He considered more likely that the seven letters are seven languages of Arabic ones.7. Al - Ainee was greatly acquainted with science of Koran readings. He demonstrated many readings. He allowed irregularly reading.8. Al - Ainee was greatly acquainted with science of descending reasons. He demonstrated the reason of some verses descending. He benefited from descending reason to understand verses and the purposes of them. 9. Al - Ainee allowed abrogation in Holy Koran. He believed that there are four types of abrogation : abrogation of recitation and term, abrogation of term without recitation, abrogation of recitation without term and abrogation of term description.10. Al - Ainee is considered a great explainer, modernizer as well as jurist. He explained many verses linguistically and legally. Also, he explained Koran by Koran and sayings of the Prophet Mohammed (PBUH), companions and followers. Allah’s blessing and peace be upon our Prophet Mohammed, all his family and companions.
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