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التغيرات في بعض المعايير الهرمونية والدمية خلال مدة الحمل وبعد الولادة في النعاج العواسية == Changes in Some Hormonel and Haematologisal Parameters the ough Pregnansy Period and after Birth in Awassi Sheeps

اسم المؤلف: زهراء راسم جميل هادي العيساوي
اسم المشرف: اسماعيل كاظم عجام | تحرير محمد الموسوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة القاسم الخضراء - كلية الزراعة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:

دور التركيز الملحي والخصائص المعدنية لترب محافظة البصرة في العلاقة بين النسبة المئوية للصوديوم المتبادل ESP ونسبة امتزاز الصوديوم SAR == Role of Saline Concentration and Mineral Properties of Basrah Soils on The Relationship Between Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP) and Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR).

اسم المؤلف: علاء حسين علي البدران
اسم المشرف: محمد مالك ياسين
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التربة والمياه
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Three laboratory experiments were conducted to study the ionic exchangeable relation for sodium - calcium cations to calculated the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR).1 - First experiment was included to use two standard clay minerals, kaolinite (1 : 1) layers and montmorillonite (2 : 1) layers with solutions of several SARs (2,4,8,24,48 and 96) (m mole L - 1)0.5 at four ionic strength (20,40,80 and 240 ) mmol L - 1. The results showed, increasing ESP with increasing SAR for both clay minerals. The equations (liner, exponential, logarithm, quadratic, power, ,exponential curved, U. S. salinity laboratory and developed ) were used to description the relationship between ESP and SAR by correlation (R2) and the root of mean standard error (rmse). The exponential curve equation ESP= A+ B(D)SAR which (A, B and D) coefficients regression was more capability in prediction of ESP from SAR and it be the nearest to really value ESP comparing with other equations at various ionic strength and for both clay minerals. This equation tended to show the increase of ESP values with increasing ionic strength for kaolinite mineral and raising the constant (A), but not with montmorillonite. Also the results showed high significant differences (p<0.01) for coefficients regression parameters (A, B and D) at ionic strength (40, 80 and 240) mmole L - 1 between two minerals, while the significant was in coefficient (D) in 20 mmole L - 1 only. The Vanslow selectivity coefficient (Kv) gave the best description of the prefence ability of the exchange surfaces to cations Na - Ca exchange comparing with Gapon selectivity coefficient (KG).2 - Second experiment : Twenty seven locations represents Basrah province soils (1 - AL - Fao, 2 - AL - Maamer, 3 - ASSiba, 4 - AL oga, 5 - Naher kouz, 6 - Abo Mughera, 7 - Assibiliat, 8 - Mehalla, 9 - Hammdan, 10 - yousfan, 11 - Mehagran, 12 - Auassyan, 13 - AL - karma, 14 - AL - Hartha, 15 - Adear , 16 and 17 - (Ahwar - Adear) two places from marshes of Adear, 18 - Asharsh, 19 - AL - Qurna, 20 - AL - Hweer, 21 and 22 - (Ahwar AL - Hweer) two places from marshes of AL Hweer, 23 - AL - Mudayna, 24 and 25 - (Ahwar AL - Mudayna) two places from marshes of AL Mudayna , 26 - Azubair, 27 - Saffwan) with depth (0 - 30) cm were selected to study sodium - calcium exchange and measurements ESP and SAR. Generally the results referred to the soils contain the clay minerals montmorillonite, chlorite, illite, kaolinite, chlorite - montmorillonite interstratification and illite - Palygorskite interstratification with the different rates. After testing the previous equations for relationship between ESP and SAR for the soils, we found the exponential cure was a best equations (R2= 0.920), (rmse= 7.740) for describe the ESP - SARI116relationship comparing with others studying equations. The salinity factor had clear role in effect of the measuring ESP from ESP - SAR relationship, but there was no apparent influence for minerals composition, may be because the interaction between clays type, minerals ratio and soil properties. Also (Kv) gave more accuracy in description for surfaces preference of sodium - calcium exchange compared with (KG).3 - Third experiment : Five types of soils were selected from prior locations in second experiment, which are different in SAR, ESP , EC and other properties (1 - AL - Fao, 8 - Mihalla, 16 - Ahwar Ader first location ,22 - Ahwar AL - Hweer second location, 23 - AL Mudayna) were placed in plastic column to 30 cm depth and 10 cm diameter. Four irrigation water salinity of (1,4,8 and12)ds m - 1 were irrigated to field capacity for ten times. After drying the columns were divided to two parts, 0 - 15 and 15 - 30 cm, then the prior equation were as 1st and 2nd experiments. The results showed that superiority equation of exponential curved compared with other equations in ESP from SAR (R2=0.94) and (rmse=14.379). The study showed to potentiality of alteration the soils to sodic salinity soils with raising of salt concentrations as result from irrigation with high water salinity. Also the soil Colloids surfaces showed more sodium preference comparing with calcium through the selectivity coefficient (Kv) in particular with irrigation water salinity increasing except the hoor. Adear soil of first location for two depths which showed its surfaces more calcium preference compared with sodium (Kv<1) in spite of soil salinity increasing.

تشخيص فطري Trichoderma viride وTrichoderma harzianum بتقنية PCR واستخدامهما في تحسين القيمة الغذائية لمتبن واداء الحملان العرابية == Identification ofTrichodermaviride andTrichodermaharzianum by using Molecular Technique and Used to ImproveFeeding Value of Straw and Performance of Arabi Lambs

اسم المؤلف: ميثم خلف علي الغالبي
اسم المشرف: عماد فلاح حسن | طالب احمد جايد
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The objectives of current study were to identify Trichoderma viridi and Trichoderma harzianum by genetics methods and used them singly or both (3% for each treatment) in improvement of barley straw and animal performance. A total of 20Arabi lambs aged about 3 - 4months with an average weight of 22.725±1.43 kg distributed randomly and equally to four nutritional treatments. Lambs fed individually as 2% of body weight, while straw was given ad libtium. The results obtained can be summarized as follows : 1 - The study was able to identify TV and TH using three different PCR techniques, which are PCR - RAPD, PCR - ITS and PCR - IGS.TV and TH showed three and two bands respectively when using PCR - RAPD at nearly 600bp.While both fungi showed one band by using PCR - ITS and PCR - IGS and at nearly 600 and 2,400bp respectively.2 - Using both fungi (treatment 4) resulted in a significant improvement in the chemical composition of the straw through the high content of crude protein and low crude fiber, ADF and NDF compared to untreated straw.3 - There were improvements indigestibilityofcrude protein, fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose, ADFand NDF when the both fungi treatment was used. As well as total digestible nutrients of the fungus treated groups in comparison with untreated straw (control group).4 - Feed intake of treated straw groups increased significantly compared to untreated straw groupwiththe superiority of the group that was treated with both fungi (639.91 - 826.30 gm/head/day for control and both fungi group respectively). As well as there wasa significant improvement in feed conversion efficiency of a group treated with both fungi in comparison of other groups (6.38 - 5.52 kg feed/kg growth rate respectively).5 - Rumen pH, ammonia and total volatile fatty acid of lambs fed treated straw (6.22 - 6.89, 10.00 - 18.69; 11.35 - 13.61 for control115group and both fungi group respectively) were significantly higher than those of untreated group.6 - There were significant improvements in lambs’bodyweigh tsand their absolute and relative gains when fed treated straw (37.82 kg, 14.97kg and 65.67% respectively) especially the group fed both fungi in comparison with untreated group (32.79 kg, 10.03kg and 43.89%respectively).7 - Globulin, AST and ALT was not significantly influenced bytreated straw. On the contrary, there were a significant increase inhemoglobin, glucose, total protein, albumin and albumin/globulin ratio of the treated groupcompared with the untreated straw. While a significant decrease in urea and cholesterollevelin theblood serumof treated groups in comparison with untreated group.8 - Economic evaluation ofadding fungitostrawshowed improvement inthe relativeeconomic efficiencyby26.2%, 37.0% and 59.5% for adding TVorTH or bothtogetherrespectively. Adding fungi decreasedthe cost of feed from 46.65Dinars/ kg increase in body weight gains incase of untreated straw to 40.15dinars/ kg when adding both fungi.

دور استحلاب المشتقات النفطية في بعض خصائص التربة الفيزيائية وكفاءة استعمال المياه لمحصول الذرة الصفراء Zea mays. L == Role of oil derivative Emulsification on some soil physical properties and water used efficiency of maize crop (Zea mays, L.)

اسم المؤلف: يحيى جهاد شبيب
اسم المشرف: علي حمضي ذياب المالكي | داخل راضي نديوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التربة والمياه - فيزياء التربة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study was conducted in Agriculture College farm / Basra University - Karmat Ali location, on alluvial silty clay soil (typic Torrifluvent) during autumnal season / 2014, to study the effect of three factors : the first factors; oil conditioners deliver type with three types ( fuel oil(FO), spent lubricated oil(SLO) and Bitumen(B) emulsion); the second factor : the level of addition within four levels (0 ,0.1,0.3 and 0.5% w/w to dry soil weight); and third factor, emulsification factor with two treatments(1st treatment, mixture of oil conditioner and water without emulsification process, and 2nd treatment the mixture of oil with water emulsification by addition artificial anionic emulsified agent (surfactant) with concentration 7 Mmol ,by using enough water quantity equal to soil saturation. Mechanical mixer was used to mixing and emulsification processes and to controlling the quantities of water, oil conditioner and surfactant by using accurate feeders and adjusted valve to suit required amount of each materials. The resultant mixture or emulsion is added to experimental units (plot with distance 10*2 m) by using a plastic pipe under pump pressure, the studied factors were combined in factorial experiment by using Randomized Complete Blocks Design with three replicates After the factorial completions were done soils in all plots were allowed to dissicated in order to evaporate most water from the mixture emulsion, then soil samples are collected from 0 - 20 ,20 - 40 cm depth to measure the quantities and penetration of oil compounds in soil profile.After that, the experimental units are planted with Corn seeds (zea mays) by paralled rows, Irrigation was doing periodically to compensate water content deficit to field capacity content with 20% leaching requirements.Also, Soil samples were collected at 0 - 20 cm and 20 - 40 cm depths at the beginning and end of growth season to measure bulk density, mean weight diameter (MWD). Also, some samples were collected at same depths after 48 hours of irrigation and prior to next irrigation in order to measure moisture content and saline distribution at the end of growth season, infiltration rate, soil moisture characteristic curve, frontal water movement of horizontal wetting advance and reduction in the ression of water from the soil surface. Moreover, the parameters of plant growth including plant length, dry weight, Corncobs weight and weight of 300 seeds of corn yield. The results reached can be summarized as follows : 1 - Addition of emulsion conditioners leads to the increase of penetration and distribution of oil compounds in soil depth compared with non - emulsionBconditioner, FO and SLO have greater impact in comparison with Bitumen Emulsion.2 - Mean weight diameter (MWD), and soil moisture content significantly increase wherever bulk density decreased due to the use of oil conditioners. That improvement is directly proportional with the level of conditioners up to 0.3%, with significant superiority for FO and SLO over the Bitumen .The emulsification oil by added emulsified agent has significant impact to improvement these soil physical properties comparison with non - emulsification oil treatment.3 - Results show a significant decrease of salt content with increasing the addition of oil conditioner up to 0.3%, with significant superiority of FO and SLO over the Bitumen Emulsion, with chiefly superiority emulsified conditioner over the non - emulsified conditioner.4 - Infiltration and infiltration rate increased in emulsified conditioners over non - emulsified conditioners depending on the variation of oil conditioner type, with prevalence of 0.3% level following by 0.5 %, Then 0.1% level. Highest values are achieved in FO and SLO comparison with the Bitumen Emulsion.5 - The results of soil moisture characteristic curve show the highest available water extracted from soil treated with oil conditioners emulsion under low tension, and this impact is significantly proportional with the increase of addition level from 0.1 - 0.5%, with significant superiority of FO and SLO over the Bitumen Emulsion6 - Emulsification of oil conditioners leads to increase the frontal water movement of horizontal wetting advance and reduction in the recession of water from the soil surface, and this impact is significantly proportional with the increase of addition level up to 0.3% limit with significant superiority of FO and SLO over the Bitumen Emulsion.7 - Results show significant increase of irrigation efficiency and water use efficiency for emulsified oil conditioners in comparison of non - emulsified conditioners. These efficiencies increases with addition level increase up to 0.3%, with significant exceedance of FO and SLO over the Bitumen Emulsion.8 - There is demonstrated significant increase of plants height, dry matter, Corn cobs weight and weight 300 seeds of Corn cobs for emulsified conditioners over non - emulsified conditioners, This effect is directly increase with increase of addition level up to 0.3 % , with a clear prevalence of FO and SLO over the Bitumen Emulsion.

تاثير مستويات النتروجين بواسطة منظومة الري بالتنقيط السطحي وتحت السطحي في حركة الامونيوم والنترات ونمو وانتاجية الطماطم Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. في تربة صحراوية == Influence of Nitrogen Levels Fertilizer Applied Through Surface and Subsurface Drip Irrigation on ? And + Movement in Soil, Growth and Yield of Tomato Plant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) Grown in Desert Soil.

اسم المؤلف: يحيى هلال منسي
اسم المشرف: عبد المهدي صالح حسين الانصاري
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التربة والمياه
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: A field experiment was carried out in Al - Berijessia district at Al - Zubair region, Government Basrah, south of Iraq, during growing season of 2013 - 2014. The objective of the study was to reveal the influence of N - Fertilizer applied through the drip irrigation system on 3− and ????????4+ vertical and horizontal movement in soil, N, P and K concentration in leaves, N uptake, and recovery in addition to total yield of tomato plants grown in sandy loam soil. Nitrogen as urea was applied at rate of 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg ha - 1 through surface and subsurface fertigation in six doses and started two weeks after transplanting. This was done along with phosphorus (100 kg ha - 1) as super phosphate and potassium (250 kg ha - 1) as potassium sulphate. All fertilizers were injected into irrigation water. Soil samples were collected from belw the drippers of depth 15 cm down 45 cm along with radical line originating at the dripper at distance of 15 cm up to 45 cm. Samples of soil and leaves of plants were collected at four growth stages (i.e. flowering, setting of fruit, maturity of first fruit and full maturity stage). ????????3− and ????????4+ concentration in soil collected samples were determined. Leaves samples were oven - dried at 70 C, grounded then N, P, K concentration were determined. Total dry weight of plant was obtained by harvesting whole plant and dried at 70 C. Nitrogen uptake and N recovery were calculated. Early and final yield were recorded. Results of the study showed : 1. ????????4+ and ????????3− concentration in soil increased significantly as N rate increased from 0 to 400 kg N ha - 1 , however ????????4+ concentration decreased, but ????????3− concentration increased as samples depth and vertical distance increased from 0 to 45 cm at both application method. Concentrations of ????????4+ and ????????3− in soil samples of sub - surface fertigation were higher than those of surface fertigation.2. N, P, &K - concentration, N - uptake, and total dry weight increased significantly as N rate increased at both application methods. However, values of plants fertigated through subsurface fertigation were higher than those fertigated through surface fertigation.3. Application of N fertilizer significantly increased early and total yield at both fertigation methods. However, yield of plants fertigated with subsurface system were (as average) higher than those irrigated with surface system. Maximum early and total yield was achieved at 100 & 300 kg N ha - 1 and were 19.39 ton h - 1 and 58.18 ton h - 1 respectively at subsurface fertigation

تاثير موعد الزراعة ومسافتها والمعاملة بالمحفز الحيوي Bio Health وتداخلاتها في نمو وحاصل الثمار والزيت الطيار لنبات الكراويه Carum carvi L. وفعالياته الكيمواحيائية

اسم المؤلف: وداد علي عبد سلمان البهادلي
اسم المشرف: سميرة عبد الكريم مطرود
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - البستنة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الزراعة - قسم البستنة وهندسة الحدائق
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study was conducted during the growing season of 2013/2014 in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Field of the College of Agriculture / Basrah University, to study the effect of sowing date, plant spacing and plant treatment with Bio Health WSG and their interactions on growth and yield of Carum carvi L. plant and its biochemical activities.The study included 12 factorial treatments, which were the combinations of two sowing dates, i.e. 20/9, 10/10 ; three plant spacing , i.e. 20, 30 or 40 cm between plants and other and plant treatment with Bio Health WSG and without treatment. A Complete Randomized Block Design in a factorial experiment was used with three replicates. Treatment means were compared according to the Least Significant Difference (LSD) at probability level of 0.05%.The most important results may be summarized as follows : - 1 - Effect of sowing dates : Cultivated plants on 20/9 had a significant effect in plant height, number of main branches. plant - 1, number of fruiting branches. plant - 1, fresh and dry weights of shoot system. plant - 1, date to the appearance of the first inflorescence, the total number of inflorescences. plant - 1, total number of mini inflorescences. plant - 1, mean of the total number of florets. plant - 1 total sum of fruits. plant - 1 (25.83g), weight of 1000 fruits, the productivity of fruits hectare - 1 (2.695 tons), percentage of volatile oil (3.2%), oil yield .plant - 1 (0.82g), productivity of oil hectare - 1 (84.4g), refractive index of volatile oil, leaves content of total chlorophyll, fruits content of total solubleSummaryBcarbohydrates. Plant cultivated on 10 /10 had a significant effect in volatile oil density and its specific gravity, while there were no significant effects for cultivated date in total number of leaves. plant - 1, total number of mini inflorescences. inflorescence - 1, leaves content of total soluble carbohydrate and total protein percentage in fruits.2 - Effect of plant spacing : Cultivated plants at 40 cm had a significant effects in fresh and dry weights of shoot system. plant - 1, total of mini inflorescences. inflorescence - 1, total number of inflorescences.plant - 1, sum total of fruits .plant - 1 (21.10g). Cultivated plants distance at 30 cm had a significant effects in number of fruiting branches. plant - 1, percentage of volatile oil (3.1%), oil yield per plant (0.60g), productivity of oil per hectare (58.9kg), content of total soluble carbohydrate. Cultivated plants at distance of 20 cm had a significant effects in productivity fruits of per hectare (2.252 tons). On the other hand, there were no significant effects for cultivation distance in plant height, number of main branches. plant - 1, the date of the first appearance of inflorescence, mean of total number of florets . plant - 1, weight of 1000 fruits, volatile oil density, and its specific gravity, leaves content of total soluble carbohydrate and total protein percentage in fruits.3 - Effect of treatment with Bio Health WSGTreated plants with Bio Health WSG gave significant increases in the number of number of fruiting branches. plant - 1, percentage of volatile oil (2.7%), oil yield per plant (0.55g), productivity of oil per hectare (56.0kg), leaves content of total chlorophyll .While, treated plants withBio Health WSG had no significant effect on the other studied characteristics.SummaryC4 - Effect of the interactions : There were a significant effect on all the double and triple interactions in plant height , number of fruiting branches. plant - 1, dry weight of shoot system. plant - 1, total number of inflorescences. plant - 1, total of mini inflorescences. inflorescence - 1, total sum of fruits. plant - 1, productivity of fruits per hectare, percentage of volatile oil, oil yield per plant, productivity of oil per hectare, volatile oil refractive index and its density, leaves content of total chlorophyll, leaves and fruits contents of total soluble carbohydrate. All double and triple interactions except for the interaction of the date of agriculture cultivation and bio Health WSG treatment significant effect in total number of leaves. plant - 1.Double and triple interactions except for the interaction between cultivation distance and bio Health WSG treatment had a significant effect in number of main branches. plant - 1, fresh weight of shoot system, date of the first appearance of inflorescence, rate of the total number of florets. plant - 1, weight of 1000 fruits, specific gravity of oil, leaves content of total soluble carbohydrate. The interference between the distance, cultivation date and bio Health WSG treatment only had significant effect in the total of number of mini inflorescences. inflorescence - 1, and the triple interaction had only significant effect in protein percentage in fruits.5. Chemical components of the volatile oil : A test done by Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry Shimadzu GC MS QP2010 Ultra has showed that the most important chemical volatile oil components were carvone and limonene, whose means were ranged 32.73 - 51 - 55% and 33.34 - 57.05%, respectively. They were differed in their content of these two components, cultivated plants on first date at a distance of 20 cm which treated with bio Health WSG produced theSummaryDcontent of carvone (51.55%), and plants cultivated in the second date at a distance of 40 cm not treated with bio Health WSG produced limonene at a percentage (57.05%).5. Effectiveness of aqueous and alcoholic extracts and oil of the plant against the two types of pathogenic bacteria to human : Test was bone to the effectiveness of four concentrations which were 50, 100, 200, 400 mg.ml - 1 of the aqueous extracts besides, methyl and ethylalcoholic extracts for fruits and roots of the plant at three concentrations which were 25, 50 and 100% of volatile oil of its fruit in vitro on the two types of bacteria tested, i.e. bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by using filter paper disc diffusion method . Each of the ethanolic extract of roots of concentration at 200 mg /ml - 1 and concentration 100% oil were effective of the growth of bacteria E. coli .They reached the diameter of inhibition 20 mm. Methanolic extract of the roots at concentration of 200 mg.ml - 1gater gave the highest inhibition of the growth of bacteria staph. aureus amount 25mm.

تاثير حقن بيض التفقيس ببعض المغذيات والتغذية المبكرة في بعض الصفات الانتاجية والفسيولوجية لفروج اللحم == The effect of in ovo - injection of Hatching Eggs with Some Nutrients and early Feeding on Productive Performance and Some Physiological Traits of Broiler Chicks

اسم المؤلف: هدى فالح سعد الساعدي
اسم المشرف: رياض كاظم موسى | طارق فرج شوكت
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study was undertaken at the poultry field of Animal ResourceDepartment \college of Agriculture \University of Basra in Jan.,28th toMar.,3th,2013 and in Oct.,28th to December,23th 2013 for the first and secondexperimentrespectively . The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectof hatching eggs injection with the some nutritious (Folic acid vitamins,Pyridoxine, Threonine amino acid) for the first experiment and choosing besttreatment from first experiment and injection with Arginine amino acid ,folicacid as well as the effect of feeding time on the performance and somephysiological traits of broiler chicks .In the first experiment ,825 hatching eggsof Ross 308 broiler were received from the hatchery .At 14th day of incubationstage ,eggs were tested and unfertile eggs were discarded ,the remainder eggswere divided into seven treatments and injected with 0.1 ml of solution in airsac position of the egg as follows : 1. First treatment : injection 100 eggs with 0.1ml of threonine solution (30μgconcentration per an egg).2. Second treatment : injection 100 eggs with 0.1 ml of b6 vitamin solution(100μg concentration per an egg)3. Thirdtreatment : injection 100 eggs with 0.1 ml of mix from L - threonine aminoacid plus b6 vitamin (30μgand 100μg) per an egg.4. Fourthtreatment : injection 100 eggs with 0.1 ml of Folic acid vitamin solution(250g) per of an egg.5. Fifthtreatment : injection 100 eggs with 0.1 ml of mix solution from Lthreonineamino acid plus Folic acid vitamin (30μg and 250 g) per an egg.6. Sixthtreatment : positiveControl : injection100 eggs with 0.1 mlSterile distilledwaterper egg.7. Seventhtreatment : negativeControl : 155 eggs were left withoutinjection.Hatching chicks of each treatment were distributed in to three replicate (15 Chicksfor each replicate) .Birds were reared up to five weeks of age.The results of first experiment painted out to : 1. There was significantly (P<0.05) proceeding for the treatment of egg injectionwith some nutrients on hatching percentage ,hatching chick weight ,bodyBweight ,body weight gain and weekly and Cumulative feed conversion ratio.whereas, this treatment showed less embryonic mortality percentage incomparison with other experimental treatments and There was significantly(P<0.05) increase in weekly and Cumulative feed intake of birds that werehatched from injected eggs with ( folic acid ,threonine amino acid) during thesecond ,fourth and fifth week were as ,the treatment of pyridoxine injectionshowed less mortality percentage compared to other experimental treatments .2. Treatment of folic acid and threonine and pyridoxine injection showedsignificant (P<0.05) increases in the dressingpercentage, weights of breast,thigh and edible viscera comparison with other treatments.3. There was significantly(P<0.05) increase in red blood cells number,hemoglobinconcentration package cells volume of broilers that were hatchedfrom egg injection with (folic acid plus threonine) at 3 and 5 weeks of agecompared to other treatment While , Treatment of Pyridoxine eggs injectionshowed highest mean of white blood cells at 3 weeks of age, whereas,treatment of Pyridoxine and folic acid eggs injection proceeding otherexperimental treatment in highest mean of white blood cells at 5 weeks of age .4. There was significantly(P<0.05) increase in total protein concentration,glucose ,Globulins, and less uric acid concentration and cholesterol in chicksblood serum of folic acid and threonine egg injection treatment at 3 and 5weeks of age in comparison with other treatment. Whereas, there were nosignificant effect of egg injection on triglycerides concentration and on T3 andT4 hormone in broiler blood serum.5. There was no significantly effect of egg injection with nutritive on low densityfatty proteins concentration whereas,the negativecontrol treatment showedhighest concentration of low and high proteins at 3 and 5 weeks of agecompared to other experimental treatments.6. T4 hormone concentration in hatchingbroiler blood serum of threonineinjection treatment increased significant (P<0.05) at 3 weeks of age ,whereas,T4 hormones concentration was higher respecting treatment of folic acid andthreonine injection at 5 weeks of age in comparison with other treatment.7. There was significantly (P<0.05) increase in phosphorus ,calcium and ferricconcentrations in blood serum of the hatchingbroilers of folic acid andthreonine egg injection treatment at 3 and 5 weeks of age in comparison withother treatments.C8. There was significantly (P<0.05) increase in the villus lengths cryptsdepth ofjejunum of the boilers Caracasrespecting Folicacid and Threonine injectiontreatment in comparison with other treatment.According to the firstexperiment results and choosing the best treatment of egginjection with nutritive, the second experiment was carried out .the treatmentof this experiment whereas follows : 1. Firsttreatment : hatching eggs injection with (30μg of threonine, 250g of folicacid) per an egg.2. Secondtreatment : hatching eggs injection with (5 μg of arginine) per an egg.3. Thirdtreatment : hatching eggs injection with (5 μg of arginine plus 250 goffolic acid) per an egg.4. Fourth treatment : the control treatment (withoutinjection).Hatching chicks of each treatment were divided in to groups each of threereplicates ( 12 Chicks for each replicates ) .firstgroups chicks were fed at thehatchery ,whereas,second groupschicks were fed after 24 hours at field. Chickswere reared from 1 day after hatching up to 5 weeks of age .the results of thesecond experiment pointed out to : 1. Treatments of injection with arginine and Folic acid and threonine plus folicacid proceeding significantly (P<0.05) in hatching percentage andhatchingchicksweight, whereas, This treatment showed less percentage of lateembryonic mortality in comparison with other treatments. Also, Broiler birdsof Arginine and Folic acid injection treatment showed significantly (P˂0.05)increase in body weight, weekly body again, weekly and Cumulativefeedintake,weekly and Cumulative feed conversion ratio and dressing percentage.Whereas, treatment with arginine and folic acid injection showed less totalmortality mean compared to other treatments. Also, there was significantly(P˂0.05) effect of feeding time on some productive traits. Treatments offeeding at the hatchery showed significant increase in body weight, bodyweight gain, feed intake, better feed conversion ratio and dressing percentagein comparison with treatments of feeding at field after 24 hours.2 - There was a significantly (P˂0.05) effect of interaction between eggs injectionwith nutritious and feeding time on body weight, body weight gain and feedconversion ratio. Treatment of folic acid arginine (hatchery feeding) showedDhighest body weight, body weight gain, better feed conversion ratio incomparison with the control treatment (Field Feeding after 24 hours).Treatment of arginine injection (HatcheryFeeding) was highest dressingpercentage, whereas there was no significant effect of interaction on feedintake and total mortality.3 - Treatment of threonine and folic acid injection showed a significantly (P˂0.05)increase in bird’s body fullness, gizzard weight and Fabricia gland. Whereas,treatment of arginine and folic acid injection showed a significantly (P˂0.05)increase in breast fullness liver and heart weight in comparison with othertreatments.4 - Feeding time affected significantly (P˂0.05) on some carcasses traits. Carcassesof feeding at hatchery treatment were better significantly in body fullness,breastfullness, and heart, liver, gizzard, and Fabricia gland and pancreasweights. Whereas, carcasses of feeding at field treatment were of high pad fatweight. There was no significant effect of interaction between injection andfeeding time on carcasses traits.5 - There was a significant (P˂0.05) increase in red and white blood cells numbers 3days and 5 weeks of age and in hemoglobin concentration at 5 weeks of agerespecting the treatment of arginine and folic acid in comparison with othertreatments. Control treatment exceeded in Heterophil cells\ lymphocyte cellspercentage at 3 and 5 weeks of age compared to treatments.6 - There was a significantly (P˂0.05) effect of feeding time on some cellular bloodcharacteristics. Treatment of the field feeding exceeded in red blood cellsnumbers, hemoglobin concentration and Heterophil cells\lymphocyte cellspercentage at 3 days and 5 weeks of age. Whereas, treatment of the hatcheryfeeding exceeded in white blood cells numbers compared to treatment of thefield feeding after 24 hours.There was no significantly (P˂0.05) effect ofinteraction between injection and feeding time on the cellular bloodcharacteristics at 3days of age, whereas this interaction affected significantly(P˂0.05) on the white blood numbers and Heterophil cells\lymphocyte cellspercentage at 5weeks of age.E7 - Treatment of arginine and folic acid injection exceeded significantly (P˂0.05)in serum total protein concentration at 3 days and in total proteinconcentration, uric acid and GPT, GOT enzymes in blood plasma at 5 weeksof age. Treatment of threonine and folic acid in comparison with othertreatments.8 - Feeding time affected significantly (P˂0.05) on biochemical bloodcharacteristics. Treatment of the hatchery feeding exceeded in glucoseconcentration and total protein at 3 days of age and in total protein concentration and uric acid at 5 weeks of age. Treatment of the field feeding exceeded in blood serum cholesterol concentration in comparison with thetreatment of hatchery feeding. There was no significant (P˂0.05) effect ofinteraction between injection and feeding time on the biochemical bloodcharacteristics at 5 weeks of age. 9 - There was a significant (P˂0.05) increase in villus Length and crypts Depth of the intestinal jejunum of comparison with of threonine and folic acid injection treatment in comparison with other treatments. Treatment of the hatchery feeding exceeded (P˂0.05) respecting those traits compared to the field eeding treatment. There was a significantly (P˂0.05) effect of interaction (TheHatchery Feeding) and feeding time villus, length and crypts Depths werehighest at 1 and 5 weeks of age.

دراسة تصنيفية وبيئية للحشراث القشرية Hemiptera : Sternorrhyncha : Coccoidea مع الاشارة الى بعض مفترساتها في محافظة البصرة == TAXONOMICAL AND ECOLOGICAL STUDY OF SCALE INSECTS ( HEMIPTERA : STERNORRHYNCHA : COCCOIDEA ) WITH REFERENCE TO SOME PREDATORS IN BASRAH PROVINCE

اسم المؤلف: هاشم مهاوي طعمة العبادي
اسم المشرف: علاء صبيح جبار | اياد عبد الوهاب عبد القادر
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الوقاية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: A taxonomic and ecological study to scale insects was conducted with reference to predatory efficiency for four types of predators in the eight areas in Basra province it is( AL - Mdayna , AL - Hoer , Al - Qurna , AL - Deer , AL - Hartha , AL - Garma , Shat AL - Arab , Abu AL - Khseb ) during the period from October 2014 to September 2015 and show that there is a five types of scale insects belong to three families : Order : Hemiptera Suborder : Sternorrhyncha Superfamily : Coccoidea 1 - Family : Diaspididae Genus : Parlatoria Parlatoria blanchardi white scale insect on the palm Parlatoria crypta brown scale insect on the oleander Genus : Duplachionaspis Duplachionaspis graminella scale insect on the reeds Family : Phoenicococcidae - 2Pheonicococcus marlatti red scale insect on the palmFamily : Asterolecaniidae - 3Palmaspis Phoenicis green scale insect on the Palm Taxonomic study showed that there is difference diagnostic a clear between the species , genus and families found during the survey . The results pointed clearly of ecological study that the types of scale insects are located throughout the year on their hosts plant in Basra province .The highest density of numerical insects was recorded in month of June and it reached about 300.0 adult and 93.6 nymph per inch2 on variety khathraoe in the Al - Madayna area of scale insect Parlatoria blanchardi and 91.6 adult /inch2 , 25.0 nymph/inch2on variety khathraoe in the AL - Qurna area of scale insectbPalmaspis phoenicis , 11.6 adult/leaf , 6.0 nymph /leaf on Oleander plant in the Al - Qurna area of scale insect Parltoria crypta , 63.0 adult /inch2 , 5.3 nymph/inch2 on reed plant in November in the Al - Mdayna area of scale insect Duplachionaspis graminella . The less intensity of numerical insect recorded in February .It was 130.3adult/inch2 and 20.3 nymph /inch2 on variety khathraoe in the Al - Mdayna area of scale insect Parlatoria blanchardi , 42.6 adult /inch2 , 6.6 nymph/inch2 on variety khathraoe in the Al - Qurna area at scale insect Palmaspis phoenicis , 5.3 adult /leaf , 0.0 nymph /leaf on Oleander plant in the Al - Qurna , 26.6 adult /inch2 and 0.3 nymph /inch2 on reed plant in Al - Mdayna area . The study was in clued the efficiency of predatorys as following : Coccinella septempunctata which appeared during the months March , April , May and June. Pharoscymnus setulosus and Cybocephalus rufifrons which appeared during the months May, June , Jule , August , September, October and November . The predatory efficiency of first predator was 16.6 insect/day ,to the second 16.0 insect /day and the third 13.0 insect /day on white scale insect then , 17.3 , 17.0 and 13.3 insect /day respectively on green scale insect . And the predatory efficiency to Tenebrio molitor was 3.3 insect /day on red scale insect .

اختبار التاثير التثبيطي لبروتين المناعة IgG لحليب الابل ضد السم العصبي A المفصول من عزنة محلية لبكتريا Clostridium botulinum == Testing the inhibitory effect of immunoglobulin IgG for camel?s milk against the neurotoxin type A separated from a local Isolate of Clostridium botulinum

اسم المؤلف: نورس محمد حسن عبد الصمد التميمي
اسم المشرف: امال كاظم غضبان الاسدي | حيدر ابراهيم علي
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الاغذية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Sixteen local isolates of Clostridium were isolated from sources : soil , meat and honey .Those sources were obtained from different districte in Basrah government.Characterization of isolates were made after purification by using morphological and biochemical tests which revealed that the isolates were Clostridium botulinum.The microscopic test appeared that all isolates are bacilli Gram positive, obligate , anaerobic ,forming spores and motile. There are colonies had wide spread form with ir regular border when grown of blood agar and egg yolk agar and looked transparent to gray. The biochemical tests revealed that the isolates are β - heamolysis, lipid hydrolyzed, produced H2S, most of them were negative in indole production, nitrate reduction, starch hydrolysis and catalase production. They were grown in pH(4 - 6),temperature(10,30,42) °C and NaCl (4 - 10)% . They not fermented lactose, galactose, amygdalin, Ribose, Inositol, Manose, Melibiose, Sorbitol, Salcin, Rafinose, Xaylose and Rhamnose. But they were fermentated Glucose, Maltose and Cellubiose. They were sensitive for some antibiotics like Erethromycin, Refampin, Metronidazol, Clindamicin, Tetracyclin, Penicillin and Chloramphnichol , but they were resistant for Gentamycin , Nalidixic acid and Trimethoprim.Used for Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the bacterial isolates by extraction of DNA and electrophoresis by using agarose, seven isolates of Clostridium botulinum were elected because they appeared difine band of DNA. After that the gene wich responsible on neurotoxin A was detacted by using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electrophoresis using agarose, the isolate Cl.5 of Clostridium botulinum wich was isolated from the soil of Agriculture College field, was elected because of its clear band which was (101) bp with the band of the primer of the gene of neurotoxin A.Neurotoxin A was produced by the isolate Cl.5 using the inoculums medum : (casein hydrolysis, yeast extract, glucose ,dis. water) and production medium; (casein hydrolysis, yeast extract, dis. water) with cold glucose solution 10% and using anaerobic conditions with 37°C for 4 days. The protein of extracted neurotoxin was (0.14 - 0.93) , then the extract was precipitated by ammonium sulphate %60 and the protein was (0.18 - 0.22) ,finally the neurotoxin was purified by ion exchange using DEAE Sephadex A - 50 only one protein peak wasappeared in the void volume , the protein was(0.27) . The activity of the three samples of neurotoxin A the crude ,precipitated and purified was assayed by bioassay using mouse , all the samples revaled high activity by appearing of of intoxication then death . But the purified neurotoxin appeared the highest activity because the mouse died after 3 hr . while the precipitated toxin after 8 hr using and after 10 hr using the crud toxin Stadying minimal leathal dose (MLD) by using concentrations of purified toxin , the concentration 0.1 revealed minimal activity because the mouse died after 3.41 hr .Finally the inhibitory effect of immunoglobulins of camel milk against neurotoxin A was studied by using passive haemagglotination and bioassay , immunoglobulin had agreat activity to inhibite the neurotoxin A.

تاثير الرش بحامض الجبرليك وكلوريد الكالسيوم في الحاصل والصفات النوعية والقابلية الخزنية لثمار السدر صنف تفاحي Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. cv. Tufahi == Effect of Sprying Gibberellic Acid and Calcium Chloride on Yield, Qualitative Characteristics and Storage Ability of Jujube Fruits Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. cv. Tufahi

اسم المؤلف: نضال ريسان حريز سحالة
اسم المشرف: ضياء احمد طعين | ماجد عبد الحميد ابراهيم
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - البستنة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الزراعة - قسم البستنة وهندسة الحدائق
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study was conducted on 12 - years old jujube trees "Ziziphus mauritiana Lam." , cv. Tufahi which were grown in a private orchard situated at AL - Sedea District , Basrah Governorate during the growing season 2013 - 2014. The aim of the study will to investigate effects of spraying gibberellic acid at the concentrations of 25 mg/l , 50 mg/l and calcium chloride at the concentrations of 1% , 2% and their combinations on yield and some vegetative , physical , chemical , physiological characteristics and the storage ability of fruits.Results could be summarized as follow : - A - Field experiment1. The results of study showed significant effect of spraying gibberellic acid on all the studied parameters with the treatment of 50 mg/l gibberellic acid recording the highest significant increase in leaf area , leaf water content ,leaf fresh and dry weights, total carbohydrates and the length , diameter , fresh weight , volume of fruits in addition to the water content, sucrose of fruits and the amount of yield.2. Treatment of 2% calcium chloride gave the highest significant increase in vitamin C concentration, total carbohydrates of leaf and calcium and chloride concentrations in fruit.3. Control treatment recorded the highest significant increase in dry mater , total soluble solids , total and reducing sugars, respiration rate and invertase and cellulase activities and carotene concentration in fruit skin .4. The period after full bloom factor had a significant effect on the studied vegetative parameters with the period of 10/2/2014 recording the highest significant increase in fresh weight of leaf, leaf area, carbohydrates content.The period of 10/12/2013 had a significant increase in water content per leaf.5. The combination treatment of 50 mg/l gibberellic acid and the period of 10/2/2014 recording the highest significant increase in leaf area and leaf water content. The combination treatment of 2% calcium chloride and the period of 10/2/2014 was superior in carbohydrates content while the combination treatment of untreated fruits and the period of 3/2/2014 gave the highest activity of cellulase.B - storage experiment1. Controle treatment recorded the the highest significant increase in total soluble solids , total and reducing sugars , loss in weghit of fruits , the percentage of ripening progress and it was the highest deteriorated treatment.2. Treatment of 2% calcium chloride gave the lowest significant increase in Physiological disorders, fungal decay and loss inweight of fruits.while fruit treated with 50 mg/l gibberellic acid retained the highest percentage of water content.3. The combination treatment of untreated fruits and storage period gave the highest significant increase in the percentage of physiological disorders and fungal decay, loss in weghit of fruits , the percentage of ripening progress and the lowest percentage of water

دراسة محتوى الاحماض الدهنية في زيوت بعض الاسماك في بيئتين مختلفتين في مدينة البصرة، العراق == Study of Fatty acid content in oils for some fishes from different environments in Basrah, Iraq

اسم المؤلف: ندى رافد عثمان
اسم المشرف: امجد كاظم رسن | ضياء فالح الفكيكي
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الاسماك والثروة البحرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الزراعة - قسم الاسماك والثروة البحرية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The current study was conducted during the period from October 2013 until September 2014 to estimate the fatty acids for three types of marine fish Acanthopagrus arabicus, Chelon subviridis and Cynoglossus arel also three types of river fish, Leuciscu svorax, Coptodon zillii and Carassius auratus.The results analyzed statistically using statistical program SPSS and using the complete randomized design CRD with three replicates and studied factors tested using the rate least significant difference test R.L.S.D at the level of probability (0.05) where indicated the results of statistical analysis that the presence of difference (P <0.05) in fat content between the species studied except A. arabicus with C. subviridis and A. arabicus with L. svorax and C. subviridis with L. svorax and C. arel with C. zillii as there are no significant differences (P <0.05), the highest percentage of fat in A. arabicus for spring (4.23%) while the lowest rate in C. arel for summer (1.75%), while the humidity was between statistical analysis to the absence of significant differences (P> 0.05) between the fish species except L. svorax with the rest of the species, where they found significant differences (P <0.05) between them, with the highest percentage of moisture in C. arel in summer as it stood at 79.14% and the lowest percentage of moisture in A. arabicus in spring (70.8%), as the results indicated an inverse relationship between humidity and fat by the differences of the seasons and for the most of the species studied. Characterized C. arel for autumn by higher contents of ash (8.1%) and achieved significant differences(P<0.05) between the species except C. subviridis with C. zillii and C. auratus with L. svorax as there were no significant differences (P> 0.05), while the lowest percentage was in L. svorax for winter (1.24%), while, the results of protein content showed no significant difference (P>0.05) except L. svorax with A. arabicus, C. subviridis and C.Barel, C. auratus and C. zillii, as well as C. arel and C. zillii, because there were no significant differences among them, A. arabicus achieved the highest value in spring (20.12%) and the lowest rate it was for C. arel in summer (14.18%).The oil extracted by organic solvent, and the fatty acids estimated using the gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (calculated on the total amount of the fatty acids), the content and the percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFA) during winter, spring, summer and autumn 25 - 45%, 23 - 40%, 15 - 45%, 40 - 30% respectively, and the proportion of unilateral unsaturated fatty acids double bond MUSA 40 - 15%, 40 - 22%, 18 - 45% and 46 - 27%, respectively, and the proportion of fatty acids multi - unsaturated double bond 35 - 10%, 45 - 13%,17 - 44% and 42 - 20%, respectively .the palmitic acid C16 : 0 occupied the highest proportion among the fatty acids during the seasons of the year except autumn, where was the palmitoleic acid the highest one among the acids.The uncommon fatty acids studied also during the four seasons and8 - Octadecenoic acid has won the highest one among all the fatty acids in the seasons except winter, which saw Heptadecanoic acid has the highest rate.The types of omega - 3 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22 : 6 n - 3) and Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20 : 5 n - 3) examined also for the studied fish types during the four seasons where the proportion of EPA high in winter (68.73%), followed by summer as it was 50.59%, while the second type of omega - 3 DHA was the rate of increase convergent during the four seasons, which saw summer the highest rate (49.27%) and the lowest rate was in autumn (40.15%).

تاثير هيومات البوتاسيوم والكبريت في صفات التربة والنمو والحاصل وخزن الطماطة المزروعة تحت الانفاق البالستيكية في المنطقة الصحراوية == EFFECT OF POTASSIUM HUMATE AND SULPHUR ON CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL , GROWTH, YIELD AND STORABILITY OF TOMATO (Lycopirscon esculentum MILL.) CUITURED UNDER PLASTIC IN DESERT REGION OUTHERN IRAQ

اسم المؤلف: ميسون موسى كاظم محمد الساعدي
اسم المشرف: عبد الله عبد العزيز عبد الله
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - البستنة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الزراعة - قسم البستنة وهندسة الحدائق
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present experiment was carried out during two winter grawing seasons (2013 - 2014 and 2014 - 2015) in one of the dry land farms,khor AL - Zubiar Basrah with the objective of studying.The response of the Hybrid tomato (Lycoperiscon esculentum mill.) CV.Hitouf grown under plast poly ethyien to varins fertilizer treatment of organic fertilizer pow humus and inorganic fertilizer Agriculture sulphur .to study of the effect of the fertilizer treatment was on soil physical characteristics,vegetative growth characteristics,flowering and leaf chemical constituents wells quantitative and and quantitative yield ,and storability of behavior of the fruit at room temperature or cold storage .The experiment included nine treatments in afactorial mannes which were the combination of three levels of potassium humate (0 ,255 ,510 kg K.haˉˡ) and three levels of Agricultural sulfur (0 ,205 ,510 kg S. .haˉˡ) the experiment was performeal as factorial with completely randomized block design (CRBD)with three replicater Mean treatment value ware compared using least significant L.S.D at 0.05 level.The results may be sumuarized as follows : 1 - phsical and chemical soil characteristics .The addition of potassium humate at 255 and 510 kg K.hˉˡ caused significant increase in soil water content as compared with control treatment during the second growing season ,wheres the level of 255 kg k.ˉˡ caused asignificant decrease in soil pH as compared with control treatment as well as the level 510 kg K.haˉˡ humate during the first growing season caused asignificant decrease in soil pH,and Ec soil electrical conductivity for both growing seasons,and asignificant in lreane in soil moisture contant the yield growing season .For sulphur treatment ,it was fourd that the addition of Agricultural sulphur at 205 and410 kg S.haˉˡ caused asignificant decrease in soil pH for both growing seasons and a significant increase in soil moisture contant for both seasons as compared with control treatment.However ,sulphur at 500However,sulphur at 410 kg S.haˉˡ caused asignificant decrease in soil Ec during the secand growing.The time period caused asignificant decrease in soil pH and Ec soil during both seasons wheres soil moisture contant increased significant as the time period increased ,2 - Vegetative growth characteristics The addition of K humate at 255 and 510 kg K.haˉˡ caused a significant increase in plant length and number of side shoots during both growing seasons ,as compared with control treatment . Those two levels of K humate also caused asignificant increase in stem diameter ,total leaf number and both fresh and dry weight of the plant during the secand of growing season.However ,K - humate at 72 kg .haˉˡ caused asginificant increase in leaf area during both growing season ,where the increase in total leaf number and fresh weight of the plant was for the first growing season only.Sulphur at 205 and 410 kg S.haˉˡ caused a significant increase in plant length ,leaf area and plant dry weight during both growing season whereas the levels of Khumate had a significant effect with respect to plant from weight during the first growing season ,and total leaf number during the secand growing season.However ,the addition of Khumate at 410 kg S.haˉˡ induced asignificant increase in leaf number of side shoots during the first growing seaeon as compared with the level 205 kg S.haˉˡ and control treatment .The level 410kg S.haˉˡ caused asignificant increase in plant fresh weightduring the second growing season as compared with the level 205 kg S.haˉˡ .3 - flowering characteristics.The addition of K - humate of 255 and 510 kg K.haˉˡ caused a significant increase in number of inflorescens ,number of flowers per inflorescens during both growing season compared with control treatments .However ,both levels reducal the percentage of flower abortion during the first growing season .At 510 kg K.haˉˡ percentage flower decreased as compared with 36 kg K.haˉˡ and control treatment. Sulphur treatment at 205 and 410 kg S.haˉˡ reduced the percentage of flower aboration significant as compared with control treatment during the first growing season.At 410 kg S.haˉˡ ,sulphur ,that was a significant increase in number of inflorescane as compared with contror during the first growing season .cowever ,sulphur had no significant effect on number of flowers per inflorescence during both growing seasons .The interaction treatments had no significant effects ,with the exception of percentage flower aboration during the first growing season.K humate at 510 kg K.haˉˡ caused asignificant decrese in percentage flower abortion as compared with K humate at 255 kg K .haˉˡ during the secand growing season.The addition of sulphur at 205 and 410 kg S.haˉˡ reduced the percentage of flower abortion significantly as compared with control treatment during the first growing season.However, sulphur at 410 kg S.haˉˡ increased significantly the number of inflorescence as compared with control duringthe first growing season .Sulphur had no significant effect on flower number prr inflorescence for both seasons.4 - Leaf chemical constituents.The addition of K humate at both levels(255 and 510 kg K.haˉˡ ) caused a significant increase in total soluble carbohydrates,K+/ Na+ ratio and a significant decrease in chloride ion during both growing season.There was also a significant in total chlorophylls, proline, and percentage of N,P,K,S,Mg and Ca during the first growing season only.There was a significant increase the percentage of K+ and adecrease in Na+ ion during the second growing season .K humate at 510 kg K.haˉˡ caused asignificant increase in total chlorophylls and proline and percentage of S and Ca during second growing season.Plantfertilized with sulphur at 205 and 410 kg S.haˉˡ had asignificantly higher concentrations of total soluble carbohydrates ,total chlorophylls and percentage of N,P,S,Mg during both growing seasons as compared with control plants such treatments also caused a significant increase in percentage K+ ion,K+/Na+ ratio during the first growing season.However ,proline content,Ca++ ion was significantly increased, wheras chloride ion (CLˉ) was significantly decreased due to sulphur fertilization,during the second growing season .Sulphur at 410 kg S.hˉˡ caused a significant increase in percentage of Ca++ during the first growing season,and K+ ion during both growing season in comparison with 250 kg S.hˉˡand control treatment.5 - Quantitative yield.Plant fertilized with K humate at 255 and 510 kg S.haˉˡ had a significantly higher average fruit weight during both growing seasons ,fruit number and plant yield and total yield during the first growing season and early yield during the second growing season however supplying K humate at 510 kg K.haˉˡ had a significantly higher early yield during the first growing season and in fruit number ,plant yield and total yield during the second growing season.As for fertilization with agricultural sulphur, plant fertilized with 250 and 410 kg S.haˉˡ had a significant higher fruit weight as compared with control treatment during both season fruit number ,plant yield during the first growing season and early yield during the second growing season .Sulphur fertilizer at 410 kg S.haˉˡ had a significantly higher fruit number,plant yield and early and total yield during the second growing season compared with control treatment.There was a significant interaction between studied factors in certain characteristics and both growing seasons.6 - Qualitative yield.Tomato plants fertilized with K humate at 255kg K.haˉˡ had a significantly higher total titratable acidity percentage during both growing seasons ,vitamin C contant during the first growing season ,and percentage dry matter during the second growing season in comparion with control treatment.Plants fertilized with 510 kg S.haˉˡ had a significantly higher total soluble solids content during both growing season and in percentage dry matter during the first growing season and vitamin Ccontent during the second growing season.Plant fertilized with agricultural sulphur at both levels (205 and 410 kg S.haˉˡ )had asignificantly highr total titratable acidity during both season asecompared with control treatment, and percentage matter during the second growing season.Plants fertilized with sulphur at 410 kg S.haˉˡ had a significantly higher percentage dry matter and vitamin C content during second growing season.7 - Storage behavior.A - Storage at room temperature 25±1c .Storage at room temperature percentage fruit decay and loss in weight decreased significantly for fruit fertilized with K humate at levels of 36 and 510 kg K.haˉˡ ,and there was an increase in total soluble solids.Also,fruit decay percentage significantly decreased and total soluble solids increased in fruits of plants fertilized with sulphur at 205 and 410 kg S.haˉˡ during both growing seasons,and adecrease in weight loss during second growing season ,however,sulphur at 410kgS.haˉˡ caused a significant decrease in percentage season.Percentage fruit decay ,weight loss and total soluble solids increased ,with increasing storage period during both growing season .However vitamin C content decreased with increasing storage period .B - The cold storage 5±1 c.Both percentage fruit decay and percentage loss in weight decreased whereas total soluble content increased in fruit of plants fertilized with potassium humate at the levels of 255and 510 kg K.haˉˡ significantly as compared with fruit of control plants and for both growing seasons .Also,the percentage loss in weight for fruits of plants fertilized with agricultural sulphur at 205 and 410 kg K.haˉˡ ,decreased significantly for both growing seasons.Percentage fruit decay decreased significantly during the first growing season as well as an increase in total soluble solids during the first growing season.However sulphur at 410 kg S.haˉˡ caused asignificant decrease in fruit decay percentage during the second growing season and an increase in total soluble solids during the first growing season.Decay percentage,percent of weight loss, and total soluble solids and titratable acidity increased with increasing storage period .There was also adecrease in vitamin C contant with increasing the storage period for both growing seasons.The method of storage had a significant effect on studied characteristics,as cold storage caused a significant decrease in percentage fruit decay during both seasons and weight loss during the first growing season ,as compared with storage at room temperature.However,storage at room temperature caused asignificant increase in ascorbic acid content ,and total titratable acidity of the fruit as compared with cold storage and for both growing season .The total soluble content of the fruits increased for there stored at room temperature as compared to cold storage during the first growing season only.

انتاج اغشية قابلة للاكل من بروتينات فول الصويا المركز ولبيدات الذرة البيضاء والكلوكوز واستعمالها في الانظمة الغذائية == Production of Edible Film from Soybean Protein Concentrates with Sorghum Lipids and Glucose and using in Food System

اسم المؤلف: ميادة عدنان فالح الشبلي
اسم المشرف: علي احمد ساهي
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الاغذية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Research efforts were directed to the production of - environment - friendly and edible - biological materials to be used in food packaging from protein soybeans. The research also included the impact of oil and wax sorghum extracted as by - product of sorghum grain and sugar glucose on the films properties. This study included three points of discussion.First, Concentrated soy protein was extracted from soybean grains in the form of a yellow fine powder. Its chemical composition was studied and found to contain : protein and fat and ash and moisture and carbohydrates respectively (71.5 , 0.78 , 4.9 , 8.4 , 14.4)% . Also, oil and wax sorghum has been extracted from sorghum grain.Second, concentrated soy protein and glycerol were used as major raw materials in addition to other materials like sorghum wax and oil and glucose were used in the preparation of the edible films in the form of thin layers. The physical, mechanical and thermal properties of this edible film were studied and the results were as follows : 1. The simple soy protein films - without plasticizer - were fragile and difficult to handle. On the other hand, the soy protein films with 4%, 5% and 6% concentrations with 40% from protein weigh glycerol as plasticizer were easy to remove from the plates. Particularly, 5% and 6% concentrations were easier to remove from plates than 4% concentration which was difficult to handle. In general, films were shiny, flexible, transparent, smooth yellowish, has no taste or odor and the presence of free bubbles was noted. It was also noticed that with increased protein concentration from 4% to 6%, the film thickness increased from 0.08 to 0.098 mm, the tensile strength increased from 2.15 to 3.3 MPa, the elongation percentage decreased from 140.0 to 81.7%, the water solubility ranged from 45.9 to 35.0% and water vapor permeability values rose from 8.8 to 9.6 g. mm / m².hr.KPa with a higher concentration of soy protein from 4 to 6%.The first stage from Thermal disintegration begins at a temperature of 116 ºC due to the loss of moisture. The second stage of disintegration starts at temperatures of 190 ºC and attributed to the disintegration of glycerol when the maximum temperature is 289 ºC. While the third stage of disintegration starts overlapping with thedisintegration of the glycerol at a maximum temperature of 385 ºC and attributed to the disintegration of soy protein.2. The complex 5% soy protein films with 2% glycerol plasticizer and sorghum oil or wax concentrations of 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% (weigh/ volume) was found to be characterized by flexibility, smoothness, and easily removed from plates. In addition, it was less transparent and acquired the color of lipid and increased thickness with high wax or sorghum oil concentration. It was also noticed that water solubility has ranged from 38.2 to 32.4% and tensile strength has decreased from 2.5 to 1.1 MPa and elongation percentage has increased from 125% to 138% and water vapor permeability has decreased from 8.9 to 8.6 g.mm / m².hr.KPa with increasing concentration of sorghum oil. On the other hand, it was observed that water vapor permeability has decreased from 8.1 to 6.9 g.mm / m².hr.KPa and water solubility has decreased from 37.2 to 35.2% but the tensile strength has increased from 2.42 to 2.52 MPa and elongation percentage has decreased from 115 to 95% with a increasing concentration of sorghum wax. There are no differences in the thermal decomposition of the films protein complex with oil and wax sorghum compared to simple films protein from soybeans.3. The complex 5% soy protein films with 2% glycerol plasticizer and different concentrations of glucose; 1% and 1.5% and 2%(weigh/ volume) was characterized with sheen, smooth and polished surface with acceptable flavor and brown color. It was also easy to remove from plates but less flexible that simple soy proteins. It was also observed that the thickness of the films was increased from 0.088 to 0.091 mm and water solubility was decreased from 41.2 to 40% and the water vapor permeability was decreased from 8.98 to 8.77 g. mm / m².hr.KPa while the elongation percentage has reached 90%, 92% and 115% and the tensile strength has decreased from 2.7 and 2.3 MPa with increasing glucose concentration. It was also noted that the thermal decomposition this complex is more stable compared with simple films from soy proteins.Third, concentrated The application of the obtained biofilm in Food system : 1. Practical applications were conducted by using solvents of simple and complex soy protein films compound with sorghum oil in covering pear fruit for protection. As a result, the fruit was characterized by glossy, transparent colorless polished smooth and softer texture. The fruits covered withcomplex membranes have the same characteristics but less glossy. This method has extended the shelf life for the fruit by 15 days because of the limited moisture loss change in acidity level (pH) compared to not covered fruits at a temperature (4 - 6ºC) The fruits covered and stored at room temperature are more acceptable compared to non - covered fruits.2. Another application is to use soy protein films - simple and complex - with glucose in the coating of the fish pieces and when stored for a week at refrigerator temperature, the results were higher values of peroxide number for un - coated fish reached 6.2 milli - equivalent / kg compared with the coated pieces with simple membranes reaching 4.8 milli - equivalent / kg and for coated with composite film with glucose peroxide number value reached4.3milli - equivalent/kg. .

العلاقة بين درجة حرارة المحيط ونسبة الرطوبة وبعض المعاير الفسلجية وانتاج الحليب ومكوناته في الابقار المضربة == Relationship between ambient temperature, relative humidity with some Physiological parameters, milk production and composition in cross cows

اسم المؤلف: مؤيد عبد الواحد جابرحسن الفياض
اسم المشرف: اسعد يحيى عايد
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study was conducted at Animal Farm, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah and Animal Farm of Aked Agriculture Secondary School, Dhi - Gar Province during the period of 1/10/2013 to 1/7/2014. The aim was to study the relationship between temperature and humidity with daily and monthly milk yield. Milk components as fat, protein, lactose and solid not fat also studied. As well as some physiological and blood parameters included in this study. A total of 28 crossed cows of different age and milking season. Cows were fed available feed within each season, while water was available during 24 hours. Results can be summarized as following : 1 - Minimum recorded THI was during January (53.24 unit) and maximum value was 78 unit recorded during June.2 - Parity had significant effect on daily and monthly milk yield. Cows of fourth parity exceeded those during 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, and 6th parity. However, parity had no significant effect on milk fat, protein, lactose and solid not fat.3 - Calf sex had significant effect on daily and monthly milk yield. Male claves caused increase in milk yield. Calf sex had no significant effect on milk fat, protein, lactose and solid not fat.4 - A negative non - significant correlation between minimumormaximum temperature and daily or monthly milk yield. Daily and monthly milk yield were 4.36 and 128.75 kg during March, while they became 3.11 and 91.10 kg during June. However, temperature showed significant positive correlation with lactose (0.100 and 0.144 with minimum and maximum temperature respectively) and non - significant with either milk fat or protein or solid not fat.5 - A negative non - significant correlation existed between THI and either daily or monthly milk yield, as milk yield decreased from 4.13 and 124.16kg (daily and monthly yield respectively) during January (lowest THI value) to 3.11 and 91.1 kg respectively during June (highest THI value). On the other hand, THI correlated significantly and positively with THI (0.158) but non - significant with milk fat, protein and solid not fat, as they shoed highest values during June.6 - There were positive significant correlation between minimum or maximum temperature and THI with both morning and evening pulsing rate (0.251, 0.328, 0.306, 0.568, and 0.571 respectively). However, they had positive non - significant with rectum temperature.7 - Minimum or maximum temperature and THI showed highly significant correlation with PCV% (0.234, 0.153 and 0.213 respectively) and WBC (0.334, 0.310 and 0.374 respectively).8 - Cortisol correlated positively but non - significant with either minimum or maximum temperature or THI. Highest value of cortisol (4.38 ng/ml) was recorded during June of highest THI and temperatures

تقييم بعضالاضافات في تقليل اثر الاجهاد الحراري في بعض الصفات الانتاجية والفسلجية لفروج اللحم == Evaluation of Some Additive To Reduce The Effect of Heat Stress in Some Productive and Physiological Traits of Broiler Chicken

اسم المؤلف: مغارب محمد جادر حيمد العيداني
اسم المشرف: رياض كاظم موسى
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - التربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This experiment was carried out at the Poultry Field of Animal Resource Department , College of Agriculture , University of Basra from May 1st to Jun, 2014. The objective of this study was to evaluate many treatments and a methods to decrease the effect of heat stress on the productive performance and some blood physiological characteristics of broiler. A total of 216 un sexed chicks of Ross breed one day old were used in this experiment. Chicks were randomly distributed into six treatments (three replicates of 12 birds in replicates) for each treatment. The treatments were as follows : 1. First treatment (T1) : The control group without any supplement.2. Second treatment (T2) : Supplement 1.5 ml of prebiotic per/liter of water for each chick and adlibitum feeding.3. Third treatment (T3) : Supplement 500 mg of Vitamin C per/liter of water for each chick and adlibitum feeding .4. Fourth treatment (T4) : Supplement 200 mg of Vitamin E per/liter of water for each chick and adlibitum feeding .5. Fifth treatment (T5) : Supplement 600 mg of potassium chloride (KCl) per/liter of water for each chick and adlibitum feeding .6. Sixth treatment (T6) : Fasting for 24 hours and follow up with ad labium feeding .The results can be summarized as follows;1. There was a significant effect of treatments on heat - stress reducing the effect of on some productive and physiological traits of broiler (P<0.05) compared to the control group in most traits.2. There was a significant increase in body weight, weekly weight gain ,feed intake and feed conversion ratio as vitamin C was silted compared with other treatments.3. There was a significant decrease in weekly water intake of vitamin C group and vitamin E group in comparison with other treatment.4. Highest values of productive index were obtained by the treatment of prebiotic in drinking water as compared to other treatments group.5. Treatment of vitamin C in drinking water showed the highest values in vit. carcass weights, dressing percentage, heart and liver weights. Whereas, it showed less value of fabrisha gland percentage weight in comparison with other treatments.6. There was no significant effect of treatments using to decrease heat stress on the gizzard percentage weight.7. Treatment of vitamin C add in drinking water showed less body temperature at last three weeks of age in compared with other treatments.8. Treatment of vitamin C add in drinking water showed highest value of RBC, HB, PCV and total protein, whereas it showed less values of white WBC percentage of hetrophile to lymphocyte cells, acid and compared to other treatment cholesterol , uric numbers in comparison with other experimental treatment.9. There was no significant differences in concentrations of serum GOT, GPT. Enzymes in serum treated groups. Whereas, treatment of 24 hours fasting followed up by a libitum feeding till the next day, showed less values of T3 T4 hormone concentration in comparison with other treatments.10. Treatment of vitamin C supplement proceeded in the values of calcium chloride and sodium concentrations in serum plasma, whereas treatment of potassium in drinking water showed highest values of serum potassium concentration compared to other treatments.

استخدام المؤشرات المظهرية والبايوكيمياوية وتقانة التتابعات الداخلية البسيطة ISSR في تقدير التنوع الوراثي لعدد من اصناف نخيل التمر العراقية == Using morphological , Biochemical and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) technique to assess the genetic diversity of some Iraqi date palm cultivars

اسم المؤلف: نبا عودة حسابة جبر الغزي
اسم المشرف: عقيل هادي عبد الواحد
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - البستنة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الزراعة - قسم البستنة وهندسة الحدائق
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

تحضير الجيلاتين من رؤوس وارجل الدجاج وعظام الابل ودراسة تركيبه الكيميائي وخواصه الوظيفية == Preperation Of Gelatin From Chicken Heads And Legs and Camel Bons and Study its Chemical Composition and Functional Properties

اسم المؤلف: مريم منصور مذكور الحلفي
اسم المشرف: منير عبود جاسم الطائي
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الاغذية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study was carried out to produce animal gelatin from the secondary wastes of chicken and camels. The studied gelatin from chicken heads and legs and camel bones. Gelatin was prepared by the chemical method and the chemical composition, yield, functional and sensory characteristics were measured at storage periods of 0, 20, 40 and 60 days under refrigeration at 4 - 8 ºC. The produced gelatin was introduced into the food systems where it was used to prepare beef burger as an alternative for fillers. The results showed that the highest gelatin yield 8.04 % was produced from chicken waste with no significant difference from 4.60 % yield of camel bones.The results of the chemical composition (protein, lipid, ash and moisture) for the crude gelatin indicated that it contain high percentages of protein which differ significantly according to the source, so as for the other components. Lipid percentage have increased notably in chicken gelatin and reached 3.89 % in comparison with 0.82 % in camel gelatin while the latter was featured by high ash content which reach 5.865 % in comparison with 3.48 % in chicken gelatin.The results also demonstrated that the produced gelatin have good functional properties in solubility, viscosity, gelling capacity, water absorption, lipid binding, emulsification and foaming. Water absorption capacity was higher in chicken gelatin in comparison with camel gelatin and reached 0.90 and 0.48 ml / g , respectively. On the other hand, lipid binding ratio increased in camel gelatin to reach 2.21 in comparison with 2.0 ml oil / g gelatin in chicken gelatin. The two gelatin types were featured by high gelling capacity at 1% for all storage periods where the gelling of camel gelatin was faster and stronger.The produced gelatin was characterized by good sensory qualities (color and odor). Chicken gelatin have a creamy color while camel gelatin have a pale creamy color. The two types of gelatin were featured by being odorless. The produced gelatin was used into food systems by preparing burger which have good sensory quality as shown by good score in the sensory evaluation of flavor, juiciness, color, tenderness and general acceptance.Storage period had no significant effect on the properties of the two types of the produced gelatin as for the chemical composition, functional and sensory characteristics. For the chemical composition, the various chemical components were noticed to increase slightly on behalf of moisture reduction. The functional properties did not influenced largely by storage and the produced gelatin preserved good qualities along the storage period.The results of gelatin amino acid analysis demonstrated that it contained 18 amino acids, the highest concentrations were for Aspartic acid and Threonine in chicken and camel gelatin , respectively. The amino acid Leucine was the lowest in both types of the produced gelatin.The results showed a variation in mineral contents for calcium, magnesium, cooper and iron between gelatin types. Calcium concentration was observed to elevate in chicken gelatin to 125 μg / g dry weight, while it reached 87.5 μg / g dry weight in camel gelatin. An elevation in iron concentration was noticed in camel gelatin in comparison with chicken gelatin with concentrations of 20 and 10 μg / g dry weight, respectively while the two gelatin types were devoid from lead and cadmium.

تاثير بعض المستخلصات والمخلفات النباتية والحيوانية في اصابة نبات اللوبياء Vigna unguiculata بمرض التعفن الفحمي المتسبب عن الفطر Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. == Effect of some extracts and plant residues and animal manure on charcoal rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina(Tassi) Goid

اسم المؤلف: محمود عودة جعفر
اسم المشرف: محمد عامر فياض
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الوقاية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study was carried out in Plant Protection Department Labs and Fields of Agriculture College, Basrah University during Nov.2013 - 2014 in order to study the effect of leaves extracts of three plant, Conocarpus, Eucalyptus and Cabbege, as well as, the effect of three types of animal manure (cow, sheep and poultry) for reducing charcoal rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina on cowpea.Six isolates of M. phaseolina were isolated from different host at different regions in Basrah Governorate. Pathogenicity test showed that cowpea isolate was the most virulent against cowpea seedling were disease incidence and disease severity reached to 55.8 and 41.0 % respectively.Laboratory experiments revealed that the Alcohol extract of eucalyptus, conocarpus, and cabbage were effective in inhibition of the growth of Macrophomina phaseolina . The percentage of inhibition reached to 62.4, 60.5 and 52.7 % for eucalyptus ,cabbage and conocarpus extracts respectively .In addition the concentration of (1%) (for all extracts) was more effective in inhibition of the growth of fungus M. phaseolina compared to the concentration of 0.5%.The percentage of inhibition was 79.57% and 38.27% respectively. The results of electrophoresis experiment for the different isolates of M. phaseolina proteins showed a variation among the 6 isolates from different plant in the number and location of protein bands.In pots experiment also it was found that animal manure for( cow, sheep and poultry) decreased the incidence and disease severity caused by M. phaseolina as disease incidence and severity reached 77.5 and 75% in treatment of animal manure for cow, poultry compared to 25% in pathogen treatment and the animal manure for sheep was the best in depreciate the percent of infection and severity for fungus which it was 38.3% and 13.8% respectively compared to 81.2% and 33.5% for pathogen treatment while the residues of cabbage leaves gives 45.0% and 13.7% respectively.Field experiment about the effect of some plants residues and animal manure on M. phaseolina explained that all plants residues and animal manure except poultry manure may leads to increase the percentage of germination compared to pathogen treatment and up of germination ratio registered in animal manure(sheep) treatment which it was 98% and in plants residues in cabbage 72% and the results showed that the treatment of conocarpus is the best in depreciate the infection which it was 10.1%and 5.5% respectively compared to 48.2%and 34.4% for pathogen treatment and eucalyptus treatment,animal manure (sheep) registered 19.6%,10.9%,19.9% and 12.5% respectively . It was also noticed that animal manure and plant residues increase NPK content in cowpea leaves, as the content of the leaves of the major nutrients NPK registered, the highest ratio from Nitrogen registered in the treatment of concarpus leaves followed by poultry manure and sheep manure which was 46.6 , 39.1, 38.9 gm/Kg - 1 respectively compared to 31.9 gm/Kg - 1 for pathogen treatment,the highest ratio registrered to Phosphorus in conocarpus leaves treatment which was 3.1 gm/Kg - 1 then poultry manure and sheep manure 2.3 gm/Kg - 1 and 2.1 gm/Kg - 1 respectively compared to 1.5 gm/Kg - 1 for pathogen treatment while the highest ratio to Potassium registered in sheep manure which it was 27.9 gm/Kg - 1 then eucalyptus leaves treatment 25.1 gm/Kg - 1 .

تاثير الكبريت والكالسيوم وحامض الستريك في تحسين التحمل الملحي وصفات الثمار النوعية Phoenix dactylifera L. والانتاجية لنخيل التمر صنف الساير == Effect of Sulfur, Calcium and Citric acid to Improve Salt Tolerance and Fruit Quality and Quantity of Date palm( Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv.Sayer

اسم المؤلف: محمد هادي طعيمة رحمه
اسم المشرف: عباس مهدي جاسم
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - البستنة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الزراعة - قسم البستنة وهندسة الحدائق
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

تاثير مستويات وطرق اضافة سماد اليوريا في امتصاص النتروجين والبوتاسيوم ونمو وحاصل الطماطة Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. == Effect of Levels and Application Methods of Urea on N and K uptake , Growth and Yield of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

اسم المؤلف: محمد كاظم حسن الخفاجي
اسم المشرف: محمد عبد الله عبد الكريم
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التربة والمياه
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: A field experiment was conducted in tomato growing station , AL - Zubair region , Basrah Province during the winter season of 2013 - 2014 to evaluate the effect of levels and methods of nitrogen application on N and K uptake , growth and yield of tomato ( Hybrid wogdan ) grown in plastic house . Urea was applied at levels of 0, 100, 200, and 300 kg N ha - 1 at five doses . Methods of application were : 100% N fertilization to soil , ( Foliar +Soil) fertilization ( 25% of each level was applied as foliar and the remain was applied to soil ), and 100% N as fertigation . Field was plowing and received manure , then with height of 15cm of tomato seedlings were transplanted on 14/10/2013 . Field was under drip irrigation system . Phosphorus and potassium were applied at levels of 43 kg P2O5 ha - 1 and 166 kg K2O ha - 1 to each plot . The normal agricultural treatments of tomato were practiced as usually followed in Al - Zubair region . NH4+ - N in soil ; NO3 - - N in soil ; available K in soil ; N , K , Ca , Mg and Na concentration in leaves were obtained at six stages of tomato growth season . Also N , K , vitamin C , fruit size and TSS in fruits were measured . The dry weight of shoot and total fruits yields were recorded . Fertilizer - use efficiency was calculated . Based on K concentration in lower and upper leaves of K in Plant was studied . The results showed that : 1 - Increasing N level applied increased concentration of NH4+ - N , NO3 - - N in soil , N in leaves and fruits , however , K in leaves increased up to 200 kg N ha - 1 then decreased as N level concentrated to 300 kg ha - 1 . Ca and Na in leaves decreased with increasing N level , while Mg in leaves show no significant affect with N levels . Higher shoot dry weight and fruit yield were obtained with application of 200 kg N ha - 1 .2 - Higher N and K concentrations in leaves , fruits , fruit size , dry weight and fruit yield were obtained with fertigation method compared with (foliar+ soil) and soil methods : with 89.54 ton ha - 1 fruit yield . On the other hand lower values of NH4+ - N and NO3 - - N in soil ; Ca , Mg and Na in leaves ; Vitamin C and TSS were recorded at fertigation method . However , available K in soil not affected with application method .3 - Fertigation method gave the highest value of fertilizer - use efficiency followed by ( foliar+ soil) method then Soil one .4 - Results also revealed that N levels was not affected the translocation of K upward the plant shoot because of high growth and higher uptake of K in Plant , while the effect of application method follows the order : Soil > (Foliar+ Soil) > Fertigati

استخلاص وتوصيف الكولاجين من وتر ارجل الجاموس وجلد سمك المزلق ودراسة بعض صفات الكولاجين المتحلل انزيميا == Extraction And Characterization of Collagen From Buffalo Tendon Legs and Fish Oriental Sole Skin and Study of Some Properties of Enzymatically Hydrolysed Collagen

اسم المؤلف: محمد زيارة اسكندر
اسم المشرف: ام البشر حميد جابر الموسوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الاغذية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

تاثير استخدام الماء الممغنط والتقنين الغذائي الزمني في بعض الصفات الانتاجية والفسلجية لفروج اللحم == Effect of using Magnetic water and Time of feed restriction on some productive and physiological traits of broiler chickens

اسم المؤلف: محمد حمد صالح
اسم المشرف: رياض كاظم موسى
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة في قاعة الدواجن التابعة الى قسم الثروة الحيوانية / كلية الزراعة / جامعة البصرة للفترة من 9/1/2014 ولغاية 13/2/2014 وذلك لدراسة تاثير استخدام الماء المعالج مغناطيسيواالتقنين الغذائي الزمني في بعض الصفات الانتاجية والفسلجية لفروج اللحم . استخدم 216 فرخا غير مجنس من فروج اللحم سلالة ROSS وزعت الافراخ عشوائيا الى ستة معاملات وبواقع ثلاثة مكررات لكل معاملة (12) طير لكل مكرر. تصميم التجربة تجربة عامليه شملت عاملين الاول (نوع الماء) والثاني (التقنين الغذائي) وبتصميم عشوائي تام وكانت المعاملات كما يلي : - 1 - معاملة الاولى : تغذية حرة + ماء شرب عادي (معاملة سيطرة) .2 - المعاملة الثانية : تغذية حرة + ماء معالج مغناطيسيا .3 - المعاملة الثالثة : قطع العلف من الساعة 9صباحا الى الساعة 5 مساءا (8 ساعات) + ماء شرب عادي .4 - المعاملة الرابعة : قطع العلف من الساعة 9صباحا الى الساعة 5 مساءا (8 ساعات) + ماء معالج مغناطيسيا .5 - المعاملة الخامسة : تقديم العلف ليوميين متتاليين وقطع العلف ليوم واحد + ماء شرب عادي .6 - المعاملة السادسة : تقديم العلف ليوميين متتاليين وقطع العلف ليوم واحد + ماء معالج مغناطيسيا .واشارت النتائج الى مايلي : - 1 - تفوق معاملة استخدام الماء الممغنط معنويا (p<0.05) في معدل وزن الجسم الحي , الزيادة الوزنية الاسبوعية , كمية العلف المستهلكة , كفاءة التحويل الغذائي , كمية الماء المستهلكة والدليل الانتاجي مع حصول انخفاض معنوي في نسبة الهلاكات مقارنة بمعاملة ماء الشرب العادي.2 - انخفاض معنوي (p<0.05) في معدلات وزن الجسم الحي , الزيادة الوزنية الاسبوعية , كمية العلف المستهلكة , كمية الماء المستهلكة ونسبة الهلاكات مع حصول تحسن معنوي في معدل كفاءة التحويل الغذائي والدليل الانتاجي في معاملتي التقنين الغذائي الزمني مقارنة بمعاملة السيطرة (تغذية حرة) .3 - تفوق معنوي (p<0.05)معاملة استخدام الماء الممغنط في نسبة التصافي , الاوزان النسبية لقطعية الصدر , الكبد , القلب , مع وجود انخفاض معنوي في الوزن النسبي لدهن البطن مقارنة بمعاملة استخدام ماء الشرب العادي , بينما لم يظهر تاثير معنوي لنوعية الماء على الاوزان النسبية لقطعية الفخذ , غدة فابريشا , القانصة وطول الامعاء .4 - انخفاض معنوي (p<0.05) في نسبة التصافي , الاوزان النسبية لقطعية الصدر , الفخذ , الكبد , القلب , القانصة ودهن البطن , بينما ظهر ارتفاع معنوي لوزن النسبي لغدة فابريشيا في معاملتي التقنين الغذائي الزمني مقارنة بمعاملة السيطرة (تغذية حرة) .5 - تفوق معنوي (p<0.05) معاملة استخدام الماء الممغنط في عدد خلايا الدم الحمر , كريات الدم البيض , تركيز الهيموكلوبين وحجم الخلايا المرصوصة , بينما ظهر انخفاض معنوي في نسبة الخلايا المتغايرة الى الخلايا اللمفاوية مقارنة بمعاملة استخدام الشرب العادي.6 - انخفاض معنوي (p<0.05) في عدد خلايا الدم الحمر , تركيز الهيموكلوبين وحجم الخلايا المرصوصة , عدد كريات الدم البيض ونسبة الخلايا المتغايرة الى الخلايا اللمفاوية معنويا في معاملتي التقنين الغذائي الزمني مقارنة بمعاملة السيطرة (تغذية حرة) .7 - تفوق معنوي (p<0.05) معاملة استخدام الماء الممغنط في تركيز الكلوكوز , البروتين الكلي , الالبومين , الكلوبيولين والبروتينات الدهنية العالية الكثافة , بينما ظهر انخفاض معنوي في تركيز الكولسترول, اليوريك , البروتينات الدهنية المنخفضة الكثافة وتركيز انزيمي GPT , GOT مقارنة بمعاملة استخدام الماء العادي , ولم يظهر تاثير معنوي لنوعية الماء المستخدم على تركيز الكلسيريدات الثلاثية في مصل الدم . 8 - انخفاض معنوي (p<0.05) لمعاملتي التقنين الغذائي الزمني معنويا في تركيز الكلوكوز , البروتين الكلي , الالبومين , الكلوبيولين , والبروتينات الدهنية العالية الكثافة , تركيز انزيم GPT , الكلسيريدات الثلاثية في مصل الدم مقارنة بمعاملة السيطرة (تغذية حرة) وارتفاع معنوي لتركيز الكولسترول لمعاملة التقنين الغذائي مقارنة بمعاملة التقنين الغذائي , بينما لم يكن هناك فروق معنوية بين معاملتي التقنين الغذائي الزمني ومعاملة السيطرة في تركيز اليوريا , انزيم GOT والبروتينات الدهنية الواطئة الكثافة في مصل الدم .9 - وجود تاثير معنوي (P<0.05) للتداخل بين نوعية الماء المستخدم وفترة التقنين الغذائي الزمني في معظم الصفات الانتاجية والفسلجية للفروج قيد الدراسة . | This study was conducted at poultry house, Animal Resources Department, College of Agriculture University of from Basrah, with period from 09/01/2014 to 13/02/2014. The aim of study was to investigate the effect of using Magnetically treaded water and Time of feed restriction on broiler chicks performance and some blood physiological traits.Atotal of (216) unsexed chicks of Ross strain aged one day, ware used in the study. The chicks were randomly distributed into (6) treatments with three Contain (12) chicks. Factorial experiment design experience included the first two factors (water type) and the second (food rationing) random design Tam. The treatment were : 1. T1 : Continuous feeding + Tap water.2. T2 : Continuous feeding + magnetically treated water.3. T3 : feed withdrawal [ on feed from 9 : 00 AM to 5 : 00 PM (8 hours)] + Tap water.4. T4 : Feed withdrawal [ no feeding from 9 : 00 AM to 5 : 00 PM (8 hours)] + Magnetically treated water.5. T5 : Continuous feed two days and withdrawal one day + Tap water.6. T6 : Continuous feed two days and withdrawal one day + magnetically treated water.The results of study indicated that : 1. Treatment of use magnetically treatment water Significantly rise (P > 0.05) mortality in the live body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, water consumption, production index and Significantly decrease (P > 0.05) mortality compared with using Tap water.2. significant decrease (P > 0.05) mortality in live body weight, weight gain, feed intake, water consumption, mortality and significant rise in feed conversion, production index . In two method of restriction compared with continuous feed treatment.3. Significantly rise (P > 0.05) mortality in dressing percentage, relative weight of breast heart, liver, while Significantly decrease (P > 0.05) in relative weight of abdominal fat compared with Tap water treatment, while there are no Significant effect due to quality of water in relative weights of leg bursa gland gizzard and length of small intestine.4 - Significantly decrease (P <0.05) mortality in dressing percentage , relative weight of breast , Leg , liver , heart , gizzard , Abdominal , fat , while Significantly increase on relative weight of bursa gland on two restriction treatment compared with continuous feed (control).5 - Significantly rise (P <0.05) mortality on RBC ,WBC , Hb , pcv% while Significantly decrease in H/L ratio compared with tap water treatment.6 - Significantly decrease (P <0.05) mortality in RBC, Hb, PCV, H/L ratio on two restriction feed treatments with continuous feeding treatment while no Significantly effect due restriction period on WBC. 7 - Significantly rise (P <0.05) mortality on use magnetically treated water treat mean in glucose , Total protein , albumin , globulin , HDL while Significantly decrease in cholesterol , urea , LDL , GPT, GOT , con centration in blood serum compared with use tap water theretor no Significantly effect due to triglyceride quality of water in blood of serum.8 - Significantly decrease in (P <0.05) mortality glucose , Total protein , albumin , globulin , HDL , GPT and cholesterol on blood of serum restriction feed treat meant compared with control (continuous feed) , while no Significantly effect due to restriction feed period in , uric , LDL and GOT con centration in blood serum .9 - Significantly interaction (P<0.05) between water quality and feed restriction period in productive per for mance and physiology under study.

دراسة بعض الجوانب الحياتية لاسماك السمنان الطويل Alburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843 في الجزء الجنوبي لنهر الفرات، العراق == Some Biological Aspects of the Bleak, Alburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843 in the southern reaches of Euphrates River, Iraq

اسم المؤلف: ليلى عبود عوفي
اسم المشرف: عبد الرزاق محمود محمد | باسم محمد جاسم
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الاسماك والثروة البحرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الزراعة - قسم الاسماك والثروة البحرية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: جمعت 2307 سمكة من اسماك السمنان الطويل Alburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843 من نهر الفرات في منطقة الجبايش جنوب العراق للفترة من تشرين الثاني 2013 لغاية تشرين الاول 2014 باستعمال الصيد بالكهرباء. شكلت افراد النوع نسبة كلية قدرها 48.3% من الصيد الكلي. تراوحت الاطوال الكلية للاسماك بين 3.7 - 18.4سم. سادت مجموعة الطول (9.0 - 9.9) سم مجتمع الاسماك بنسبة 19.72%. تمثلت علاقة الطول (سم) والوزن الكلي (غم) لكل من الصغار والاناث والذكور بالمعادلات التالية : الصغار W = 0.003 L3.087 , r2 = 0.776 , n = 89 الاناث n =256 , r2 = 0.841 , W = 0.002 L3.193 الذكور n = 147 , r2 = 0.778 , W = 0.004 L3.027 كان نمو صغار النوع وذكوره متناظرا بينما كان نمو الاناث غير متناظر. تراوح معامل الحالة النسبي للصغار بين 0.71 في حزيران و1.44 في شباط وبمعدل 1.05 وللاناث بين 0.78 في اب و1.4 في كانون الثاني وبمعدل 1.06 وللذكور بين 0.70 في اب و1.24 في كانون الثاني وبمعدل 0.99. اشارت دراسة الحراشف الى وجود اربع مجاميع عمرية وكانت السيادة لمجموعة العمر 2. وصفت العلاقة بين الطول الكلي (L) ونصف قطر الحرشفة (S) بالمعادلة التالية L =2.549 + 4.825 S بلغت اطوال الاسماك عند الاعمار الاربعة الاولى من حياتها (8.15 و11.33 و13.55 و16.0سم) على التوالي، وبلغت كفاءة النمو لاسماك النوع 2.16، كما امكن وصف نمو اسماك السمنان الطويل بالنموذج التالي : Lt = 20.4(1 - e - 0.35(t+0.277) ) سجلت ادنى قيمة لنشاط التغذية 60.53% في شباط واعلاها 87.76% في ايلول، كما كانت اوطا قيمة لشدة التغذية 6.08 نقطة/سمكة في كانون الاول واعلاها 8.7 نقطة/سمكة في تموز. اظهرت نتائج فحص الغذاء ان اسماك السمنان الطويل تتغذى بشكل رئيس على الحشرات بنسبة 41.2% ثم الطحالب (28.7%) تليها القشريات (15.9%) والدايتومات (12.36%) والنباتات المائية (3.74%) والاسماك (3.36%) ثم النواعم (0.3%) وهي من الاسماك القارتة وتميل للغذاء الحيواني. حديد اول نضج جنسي لاناث اسماك السمنان الطويل وذكورها عند طول 8 سم وبعمر سنة واحدة لكل منهما. وكانت نسبة الجنس 1 : 1.7 لصالح الاناث تراوحت قيم دالة المناسل للاناث والذكور بين 0.8 و0.6 على التوالي في حزيران و14.01 و5.8 في كانون الثاني على التوالي. وضحت المقاطع النسيجية للمناسل الذكرية والانثوية انﱠ فترة وضع السرء كانت خلال شباط وانﱠ افراد النوع تطرح بيضها للتكاثر على مراحل ويبدا نضج البيض من الجزء الخلفي من المبيض قبل الجزء الامامي، كذلك تظهر اثار طرح البيض في الجزء الاوسط للمبيض من الفراغات الملاحظة بوسط مقطع المبيض. اظهر الفحص المجهري للمقاطع النسيجية للمناسل الذكرية انﱠ كيس الخصى يحتوي على مراحل متفاوتة من النضج في النماذج المختلفة من الذكور في شباط، كما تتضح الاوعية الدموية خلال نسيج الفصيصات ولوحظ نسبة قليلة من الخلايا بمرحلة الخلايا النطفية spermatocytes في الجزء الخلفي من المناسل، وانﱠ الجزء الامامي من المنسل اقل نضجا حيث لم تظهر مرحلة الخلايا النطفية spermatocyte. امتازت اسماك السمنان الطويل بخصوبة منخفضة اذ تراوحت بين 1119 بيضة لسمكة طولها 10.4سم و5022 بيضة لسمكة طولها 14.2 سم، وكانت العلاقة بين الطول الكلي (L) والخصوبة (F) متمثلة بالمعادلة التالية : F = 0.148L3.939 , r2 = 0.605. | A total of 2307 individuals of Alburnus mossulensis were collected from the south part of Euphrate River, Chybaish, Iraq from November 2013 to October 2014 using electrofishig. The species constituted 48.3% of the total catch. Fish group size 9.0 - 9.9 cm was dominated in the samples (19.7%).The length - weight relationships of A. mossulensis for immature, female and male were : W = 0.003 L3.087 , W = 0.002 L3.193 , W = 0.004 L3.027respectively, revealing an isometric growth for immature and males, and allometric growth for females. The relative condition factor ranged from 0.71 in June to 1.44 in February with total average of 1.05 for immature, and from 0.78 in August to 1.40 in January with total average of 1.06 for females, and from 0.7 in August to 1.24 in January with total average of 0.99 for males. Four age groups were recorded and the most abundant age group was the second. The relation between total length (L) and scale radius (S) was : L =2.549 + 4.825 S. The lengths of fish during the first four years were 8.15, 11.33, 13.55 and 16.0 cm respectively. The growth performance index of A. mossulensis was computed as 2.16. The growth was described by von Bertalanffy equation as Lt = 20.4(1 - e - 0.35(t+0.277)).Feeding activity values ranged from60.53 % in February to87.7 % in September. The minimum value of feeding intensity was 6.08 points/ fish in December and the maximum value was 8.7 points/ fish in July. Insects comprised 41.2% of the total food items of A. mossulensis followed by algae 28.7%, crustacean 15.9%, diatoms 12.36%, aquatic plants 3.74%, fish 3.36% and Mollusca 0.3%. Fish was found omnivores, tends to animal food more than plant food. The mean value of Lm50 was estimated to be 8.0cm, corresponding to one years old for both sexes. The overall sex ratio was (1 : 1.7 male : female). Gonadosomatic index for females ranged from 0.8 and 0.6 in June for females and males respectively to 14.01 and 5.8 in January for both sexes respectively. The spawning period started in February according to GSI values and histological examination for gonads during spawning season. The results of histological examinations revealed that this species has a short spawning season and female ovaries contained different maturing stages of ova, and the maturation started from the post part of gonads according to the space noticed at the middle part of the ovary. Histological examination proved that testes also contain different maturation stages. Blood vessel penetrate lobules with few spermatocytes at the posterior part of the testes whereas the anterior part less mature with disappearing of spermatocytes. Absolute fecundity for A. mossulensis ranged from1119 eggs for fish of 10.4 Cm length to 5022 egg for female of 14.2 Cm length.The relation between the total length (L) and fecundity represented by the following equation : F = 0.148L3.939 , r2 = 0.605

تاثير التسميد الورقي في نمو وحاصل هجينين من الطماطة Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. المزروعة في البيوت البلاستيكية == EFFECT OF FOLIAR FERTILIZATION ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOW TOMATO HYBRIDS Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. GROWN IN PLASTIC HOUSES

اسم المؤلف: كاظم سالم لعيبي خليل الحمراني
اسم المشرف: عبد الله عبد العزيز عبد الله | عواطف نعمة جري
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - البستنة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الزراعة - قسم البستنة وهندسة الحدائق
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: An experiment was conducted out during the season of 2014 - 2015 in unheated plastic house conditions belonging to the Maymunah Horticulture Station / Agriculture Directorate of Maysan to investigate the effect of foliar water - soluble fertilizers (Kinglife NPK 12 - 48 - 8+micro and Kally28 NPK 9 - 0 - 6 + Ca, Mg, B) on the growth, flowering and yield of tomato of hybrids ("Wogdan" and "Noura"). The study included eighteen treatments which were the combination of three factors. The first factor was two hybrids tomato "Wogdan" and "Noura" . The second factor was three levels of Kinglife (0, 2, 3 g.l. - 1) .The third factor was three levels of Kally28 (0, 2, 3 ml.l. - 1). A split - split plot design was used with three replicates. Treatment means were compared using least significant difference L.S.D. test at a probability of 0.05. Results may be summarized as follows : 1.Vegetative growth parameters "Noura" hybrid had the highest leaf area per plant and dry weight of shoot system compared to "Wogdan" hybrid after 90 and 150 days from transplanting. Foliar spraying with both fertilizers at both concentrations caused a significant increase in plant height, stem diameter ,leaf number and leaf area per plant after 90 and 150 days from transplanting, and fresh and dry weight of the shoot system after 150 days from transplanting compared with control treatment. The interactions between the studied factors were significant in most vegetative growth characteristics. 2. Leaf chemical characteristics "Wogdan" hybrid showed significantly higher in the concentration total carotenoid and percentage of phosphorus in leaves compared with "Noura" hybrid.Foliar spraying with both fertilizers at both concentrations caused a significant increase in percentage of nitrogen and the total chlorophyll concentration, whereas Kinglife at 3 g.l. - 1 caused a significant increase in total soluble carbohydrates concentration in leaves comparison with the control. Foliar spraying with Kally28 at both concentrations caused a significant increase in total soluble carbohydrates concentration, whereas Kally28 at 2 ml.l. - 1 caused a significant increase in percentage of potassium and carotene concentration in leaves comparison with the control . The interactions between the studied factors were significant in most characteristics. 3. Flowering characteristics "Wogdan" hybrid had the highest number of inflorescences compared to "Noura" hybrid, whereas "Noura" hybrid had the lowest the flower abortion as compared with "Wogdan " hybrid. Foliar spraying with both fertilizers at both concentrations caused significantly increase in the number of inflorescences, the number of flowers per inflorescences and decreased in flower abortion, as compared with the control. The interactions between the studied factors were significant in most characteristics. 4. Yield and its components "Wogdan" hybrid had the highest number of fruit per plant compared to "Noura" hybrid, whereas "Noura" hybrid had the highest the weight of fruit as compared with "Wogdan" hybrid. Both foliar fertilizers at both concentrations caused a significant increase the yield and its components compared with control unfertilized. The interactions between the studied factors were significant in most characteristics. Foliar spraying of "Wogdan" hybrid with Kinglife at 3 g.l. - 1 and Kally28 at 2 ml.l. - 1 gave the highest values of early yield and total yield per plastic house (4.277 and 10.697) Kg.m - 2, Sequentially,whereas "Noura" unfertilized gave the lowest (2.161 and 5.411) Kg.m - 2, Sequentially. 5. Fruit quality characteristics "Wogdan" hybrid caused significant increases in total soluble solids and concentration of vitamin C compared to "Noura" hybrid, whereas "Noura" hybrid caused significant increases in percentage of dry matter as compared with "Wogdan" hybrid. Both foliar fertilizers at both concentrations caused a significant increase fruit quality characteristics (vitamin C concentration, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and percentage of dry matter) compared with control unfertilized. The interactions between the studied factors were significant in most characteristics.

تاثير مستويات من N وP وK في نمو وحاصل اصناف من محصول الحنطة (Triticum aestivum L.) == The effect of levels from N , P and K in the growth and yield cultivars of wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.)

اسم المؤلف: فالح حسن فالح
اسم المشرف: وليد عبد الرضا جبيل السباهي
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - المحاصيل الحقلية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: نفذت التجربة في حقل احد المزارعين في منطقة الشنانة التابعة لقضاء القرنة ( 65 كم شمال البصرة ) خلال الموسم الشتوي 2013 / 2014 في تربة ذات نسجة مزيجية طينية , بهدف دراسة استجابة خمسة اصناف من الحنطة (. Triticum aestivum L ) ( بحوث158 واباء 99 وبحوث 22 وابو غريب 3 وفتح ) لاربعة مستويات منN وP وK ( صفر) و( 60 كغم N + 13.8 كغم P + 25 كغم K هـˉ١ ) و( 120 كغم N + 27.6 كغم P + 50 كغم K هـˉ١) و(180 كغم N + 41.4 كغم P + 75 كغم K هـˉ١ ), اشتملت التجربة على 20 معاملة ناتجة من التوافيق بين اصناف الحنطة ومستويات السماد , ونفذت باسلوب القطع المنشقة وفقا لتصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة وبثلاثة مكررات , احتلت مستويات السماد الالواح الرئيسية بينما احتلت اصناف الحنطة الالواح الثانوية. وقد اظهرت نتائج الدراسة ان الاصناف الخمسة اختلفت معنويا فيما بينها بالصفات المدروسة اذ تفوق الصنف بحوث 158 في متوسط عدد ايام من 50% تسنبل وحتى النضج ( 53.75 يوما ) ومساحة ورقة العلم ( 48.87 ســم2 ) ووزن 1000 حبة ( 40.32 غــم ) والحاصل الحيوي ( 21.39 طن هــˉ١ ) , في حين تفوق الصنف اباء99 في طول السنبلة ( 12.56 ســم ) وعدد الحبوب في السنبلة (85.08 حبة سنبلةˉ١) , اما الصنف بحوث 22 فقد تفوق فـــــــــــــــي صفات حاصـــــــــــل الحبوب ( 7.91 طن هــˉ١ ) ودليل الحصاد ( 41.10 % ) وحاصل البروتين ( 902.09 كغم هــˉ١), وقد سجل الصنف ابو غريب3 تفوقا في ارتفاع النبات ( 90,62 سـم ) وعدد الاشطاءالكلي م2( 958.10 ) وعدد السنابل م2 (859.08 ) وكفاءة التسنبل (88.41% ) , وقد اعطى الصنف فتح اعلى عدد ايام من الزراعة وحتى 50 % تسنبل (111.59 يوما ) وتفوق في نسبة البروتين ( 12.13 % ) . واشارت النتائج الى تفوق المستوى السمادي F₃( 180 كغم N + 41.4 كغم P + 75 كغم K هـˉ١ ) اعلى متوسط في عدد الايام من الزراعة وحتى 50% تسنبل ( 104.07 يوما ) وفي عدد الايام من 50% وحتى النضج (48.27 يوما ) وتفوقه معنويا في صفات ارتفاع النبات (89.98 ســم ) ومساحة ورقة العلم ( 46.50 ســم2 ) وطول السنبلة ( 12.36 ســم ) وعدد الحبوب فــي السنبلة ( 76.78 حبة سنبلة ˉ١ ) . اما المستوى السمادي F₂ ( 120 كغم N + 27.6 كغم P + 50 كغم اK هـˉ١) فقد تـــــفوق معنويا فـــــــــــي صفات عـــــدد الاشطاء الكلي ( 828.00 شطا ) وحاصــل الحبوب ( 7.69 طن هــˉ١) والحاصل الحيوي ( 20.97 طن هــˉ١) ونسبة البروتين ( 11.78 % ) والذي لم يختلف عن المستوى السمادي F₁ فــــي هذه الصفة معنويا (11.72% ) وحاصل البروتين ( 906.22 كغم هــˉ١ ) . وسجل المستوى F₁ ( 60 كغم N + 13.8 كغم P + 25 كغم K هـˉ١ ) تفوقا معنويا في صفة عدد السنابل مˉ2( 709.80 سنبلة مˉ2 ) واعطى نسبة البروتين وبدون فارق معنوي عن المستوى السمادي F₂ وبنسبة ( 11.72 % ) . ومن النتائج ظهر عدم وجود فروقات معنوية لاستخدام مستويات السماد NPK في صفات كفاءة التسنبل ووزن 1000 حبة ودليل الحصاد . اثر التداخل بين الاصناف ومستويات NPK في كل الصفات ما عدا صفة وزن 1000 حبة . وبينت نتائج الدراسة ان الصنف بحوث 22 × F₂ ( 120 كغم N + 27.6 كغم P + 50 كغم K هـˉ١ ) اعطى اعلى المعدلات لحاصل الحبوب (8.55 طن هــˉ١ ) وحاصـــــــــــــل البروتين ( 1012.32 كغم هــ ˉ١ ) والذي لم يختلف معنويا عن التداخل بين الصنف فتح × F₂ والذي اعطى حاصل بروتين بلغ 994.80 كغم هــˉ١ . اما الصنف فتح × F₂ فاعطى اعلى نسبة بروتين من بين كل التداخلات بنسبة بلغت 12.97 % . وجد ارتباط معنوي موجب بين حاصل الحبوب وكل من ارتفاع النبات ومساحة ورقة العلم وعدد الاشطاء الكلي وطول السنبلة ودليل الحصاد وحاصل البروتين ووجد ارتباط معنوي سالب بين حاصل الحبوب وكفاءة التسنبل . وان افضل مردود اقتصادي جاء من استخدام مستوى السماد F₂ ( 120 كغم N + 27.6 كغم P + 50 كغم K هـˉ١ )حيث اعطى ناتجا حديا مقداره (7.76 ) دينار لكل ( 1 ) دينار للانتاج باستخدام السماد NPK المدعوم تحت ظروف شمال البصرة .اما بالنسبة الى تداخل الاصناف والسماد فحققت المعامــــــــلة بحوث22× F₂( 120 كغم N + 27.6 كغم P + 50 كغم K ) هـˉ١ وقد اعطت اعلى ناتجا حديا بلغ ( 14.70 ) دينار لكل (1) دينار مستثمر من استخدام السماد NPK المدعوم حكوميا. | A study was conducted at AL - shinana that belong to AL - Qurna about ( 65) Km north Basrha during winter season of 2013 - 2014 in silty loam soil to study the response of five wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) ( Bhooth - 158 , IPA - 99 , Bhooth - 22, Abu - Graib - 3 and Fateh ) for the four levels of N, P and K zero, (60 kg N + 13.8 kg P + 25 kg K hˉ1) , (120 kg N + 27.6 kg P +50 kg K hˉ1) and (180 kg N + 41.4 kg P + 75 kg K hˉ1) . The experiment included 20 treatment came from the combination between wheat cultivars and fertilizer levels . Split - plot design was used in rendomized block design with three replicates , the level of fertilizer were the main plots , where as wheat cultivars were the Sub - plots . Resulte showed the five cultivars are different in it's characteristics as the Bhooth - 158 was superior in number of days to 50% of spiking to maturation (53.75 days ) , flag leaf area ( 48.87 cm2 ), weight of 1000 seeds ( 40.32 gm ) , biological yield ( 21.39 ton .hˉ¹ ) . IPA - 99 was superior in spike length ( 12.56 cm ) , number of seeds per spike( 985.08 ) . Bhooth - 22 was superior in characteristics of seed yield ( 7.91 ton.hˉ¹ ) , harvesting index ( 41.10 % ) and protein yield ( 902.09 Kg hˉ ¹) . Abu - Graib cultivar was superior in plant height (90.62 cm ) ,number of tillers .mˉ 2 (958.10) ,number of spikes .mˉ 2(859.08) and spiking efficiency (89.75% 0 . Fateh cultivar gave the highest number of days from planting to 50% spiking ( 111.59 days) and protein content ( 12.13% ) . Results showed a variance among fertilizer level where F₃ level (180 Kg N + 41.4 Kg P + 75 Kg K hˉ ¹) caused highest number of days from planting to 50% spiking (104.07 days) , number of days from 50% to maturation ( 48.27 ) , plant height (89.98 cm ) flag leaf area (46.50 cm2 ) , spike length ( 12.36 cm ) number of seeds per spike ( 76.78 seed . spike ˉ ¹) . The F₂ level ( 120 kg N + 27.6 Kg P + 50 Kg K hˉ ¹) was superior in number of tillers (828.00 ) , seed yield ( 7.69 ton .hˉ ¹), biological yield ( 20.97 ton .hˉ ¹) , protein (11.78% ) and protein yield (0.906 ton .hˉ ¹) . The F₁ level ( 60Kg N + 13.8 Kg P + 25Kg K hˉ ¹) was superior in number of spikes per. m2 spike .m(609.80 spike .mˉ 2 ) and protein percent(11.72% ) which not significantly different from level F₂ . There were no significant effect of fertilizer levels on spiking efficiency , weight of 1000 seeds and harvesting index . There were an interaction between cultivars and fertilizer level in all characteristics except the weight of 1000 seeds . Bhooth 22 × F₂ level ( 120 kg N + 27.6 Kg P + 50 Kg K hˉ ¹) produced highest seed yields ( 8.55 ton . hˉ¹ ) and protein yield ( 1.01 ton .hˉ¹ ) which was not significantly different from the interaction between Fateh cultivar and 400 kg .hˉ¹ fertilizer which produced protein ( 0.993 ton .hˉ¹ ) . Fateh cultivar fertilized by 400 kg. hˉ¹ NPK produced highest protein percent which was 12.97 % . There was a positive correlation among seed yield and plant height , flag leaf area , number of tillers , spike length , harvesting index and protein yield . A negative correlation was found between seed yield and spiking efficiency . The best economical profit came from the use of F₂ level ( 120 kg N + 27.6 Kg P + 50 Kg K hˉ ¹) which produce ( 7.76) Iraqi dinar for each one dinar used for fertilizer used in north Basrah . The interaction between Bhooth 22 cultivar and level F₂ produce highest product ( 14.70 ) dinars to each one dinar invested in the use of NPK fertilizer that supported by government
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