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استخدام تعقب الوصلة النقطية للاجهاد الاذيني الايسر لتقييم خطر الانصمام الدماغي في مرضى الارتجاف الاذيني غير الصمامي في مركز قلبي واحد USING SPECKLE TRACKING STRAIN OF LEFT ATRIUM FOR RISK STRATIFICATION OF EMBOLIC STROKE IN NON VALVULAR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN SINGLE CARDIAC CENTER

اسم المؤلف: اسماعيل عطية حسين
اسم المشرف: غازي فرحان حاجي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - القلب
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia treated in clinical practice and the most common arrhythmia for which patients are hospitalized. AF is associated with an approximately five fold increase in the risk for stroke and a two fold increase in the risk for allcause mortality.Objective of study : To investigate myocardial deformation of the left atrium (LA) assessed by two - dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and its value for risk stratification of embolic stroke. Patient and Methods : A prospective cohort study in Baghdad teaching hospital cardiac center from June 2016 to May 2017 We recruited 107 consecutive patients who were referred to echocardiography unit for evaluation by 2D full echocardiographic study with speckle tracking strain of left atrium. These patients were divided into two groups control and AF. those with AF further divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of stroke .Results : The left atrial strain among patients with AF and stroke had significantly reduced from those patient with AF without stroke(9.8 ±3.0 ,18.5±5.6 respectively).P - value= 0.001.Where as left atrial volume index and left ventricular filling index( E/Eratio) did not show significant differences .After multi - variant analysis, global LA strain were independently associated with stroke in patients with AF. Those with LA GLS <12.8 % had a significantly higher rates of stroke than those with LA GLS > 12.8 %.Conclusion : This study demonstrated that LA deformation reduced inpatients with AF and stroke. Global LA strain measured by speckle tracking echocardiography can be used for risk stratification for stroke in patients with AF and has incremental diagnostic values in addition to clinical risk stratification.Keywords : Atrial fibrillation, Left atrial Strain, , Stroke

عادة الشيشة بين طلاب كلية الطب وكلية طب الاسنان - جامعة بغداد Shisha Habit among Medical Students at College Of Medicine & College Of Dentistry - Baghdad University

اسم المؤلف: حسن خلف عبد
اسم المشرف: بتول علي غالب یاسین
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: طب المجتمع
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Tobacco is a preventable cause of morbidity and mortality across the globe. Low and middle income countries (LMICs) are the most severely affected (1). The shisha is used to smoke specially made tobacco by heating the tobacco indirectly, usually with burning charcoal or embers, filtering the smoke through a bowl of water (sometimes mixed with other liquids such as wine) and then drawn to a mouthpiece through a rubber hose (6). Shisha has been shown to be associated with a wide range of detrimental health effects and smoking shisha is associated with three main detrimental health effects : CV damage, infection and cancer formation (30)P.The Objective of this study is to measure the prevalence of shisha smoking among medical students at College of Medicine & College of Dentistry - Baghdad University, Identify the characteristics of Shisha smokers that have numerous public health and clinical implications and to identify factors associated with shisha smoking.Subjects and Methods : A cross - sectional study was conducted on a sample of 654 students at the College of Medicine and College of Dentistry in Baghdad University from the 1st of February till the 30th of June 2017. Under graduate students from the selected colleges were included. A questionnaire was used to gather the necessary information and filled by the study participants themselves. It included questions to gather information on certain socio - demographic variables, the family of the participants, and believes about smoking. Information about shisha smoking, medical history and habits of the participants and their parents were gathered.Results : This study involved 654 students. The mean age of the participants was 20.6±1.93 years; 64.7% were females; 95.9% were currently single; and 90.6% were from Baghdad.About 44.6% were in the 2nd stage; 91.4% were living with family; 70.4% were living with crowding index 1 - 2. Regarding parents of participants, 90.9% of fathers andII81.2% of mothers were highly educated; 82.8% of fathers and 88.6% of mothers were present and live with; and 49.1% of fathers and 49.4% of mothers were governmental employees.The prevalence of shisha smoking was 12.1%; 57.5% of them were smoking for more than three years, 76.2% preferred café for smoking; 87.5% preferred friends for smoking with. The factors that significantly associated with prevalence of shisha smoking were (gender, address, marital status, living condition, presence of private work, parents smoking history, and belief about which type of smoking is more harmful).Conclusion : Although the prevalence of shisha smoking was still not high (12.1%), it was increasing during the last few years and becoming a community acceptable behavior, especially among college students. There was a significant positive effect for male gender, being divorced or widowed, living alone and outside Baghdad, and having own job on smoking prevalence among students. Also parent's positive history of tobacco smoking and students beliefs about shisha and cigarette harm were significantly associated with the use of shisha.

دور فحص المرونة النسيجية للخصيتين لمرضى العقم والدوالي The role of Testicular Elastography in patients with varicocele and infertility

اسم المؤلف: بشارعبد الرزاق مولان
اسم المشرف: سعد داخل فرحان سلام محمد جوري
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الاشعة التشخيصية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: To assess the value of Real - time Elastography (RTE) in evaluation of the effect of varicocele on the elasticity of the testicular interstitium and ability to predict the effect of varicocele on the sperm motility.Methods : In total of 73 candidate. 50 patient with varicocele and 23 control normal volunteer were examined by ultrasound B mode gray scale, color Doppler and elastography . Elasticity images of the testicles were assigned the color - coded score of Itoh , according to the distribution of strain induced by light compression. RTE findings were analyzed and compare the result of affected patient with normal volunteer.Results : Most of the testicles of the varicocele patient showed elevated elastography ratio as compared with the same side of normal volunteer, also there was positive correlation between the varicocele grade and the elasto ratio. When I compared the percentage of active motile sperm with elasto ratio I found negative correlation.Conclusions : RTE is non - invasive, bed side test, useful technique in assessing the changes which happen in the interstitium of the affected testicles with varicocele and in the prediction of the active motile sperm status.This is relevant in clinical practice allowing expectant management according to elasto ratio in selected cases.(as the testicular elasto ratio will predict the outcome of varicocele operation in at the point of sperm quality improvement).

دوبلر الشريان السباتي للمرضى المرشحيه لعملياث تبديل الشراييه التاجية Doppler of Carotid Artery Assessment in Evaluation of Patients indicated for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

اسم المؤلف: فرج عبد الخالق زكي
اسم المشرف: ليث احمد خلف علي محسن حسن
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الاشعة التشخيصية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Atherosclerosis is a generalized disease, mainly manifested in all vascular trees. An association between carotid artery stenosis and coronary artery disease has been well established. Carotid artery stenosis is an important etiologic factor for cerebrovascular accidents, is associated with coronary artery disease .Methods;A prospective study of 86 patients, who were scheduled for CABG, was done at radiology department, Medical city Baghdad,Gazzi Al - Harirri hospital from Nov.2016 to July 2017. The majority were males, (73) and (13) were Females.All patients , after a clinical history was taken by the cardiac surgery team, they underwent a physical examinations ,and investigations ; chest x - ray , ECG , blood was taken for fasting blood suger and cholesterol study , Doppler ultrasonography for bilateral carotid arteries were performed by aspescailized radiologist for carotid artery atherosclerosis Results; The majority of the patients were above 50 years of age, 73 patients (84.45%) and only 15% were below the age of 50 years. Male affected by carotid artery atherosclerosis, (76.7%) more than females above the age of 50 years, while below the age of 50 years females (46.7%) more affected than males (9.58%). Risk factors were significantly correlated with both carotid and coronary artery stenosis like age, sex, smoking hypertension, cholesterol and diabetes mellitus.Doppler Ultrasonography was performed to screen the presence of carotid artery stenosis. Carotid artery atherosclerosis was present in 66 patients, (76.7%).Ten patients ( 15.1%) with one coronary artery disease , 17 (25.75%) with two coronary artery disease , and 39 patients ( 59.09%) with three coronary artery disease.The location of atherosclerosis is mostly in ICA, (53%), of which 15% in the bulb, in the CCA (32%) .Conclusions; Our finding indicated significant associations between carotid artery atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.there is strong association between increase in intma media thickness of carotid arteries and the presence of coronary artery disease.

عرض توزيع الخلايا الحمراء ومتوسط حجم الصفائح الدموية لدى عينه من المرضى العراقيين البالغين المصابين بمرض التهاب الفقار اللاصق Red cell Distribution Width and Mean Platelets Volume in sample of adult Iraqi patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis

اسم المؤلف: علي مكي حسن
اسم المشرف: فائق ايشو كوريال
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - المفاصل
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic, progressive inflammatory rheumatic disease that affects the axial skeleton causing characteristic back pain, and lead to structural and functional impairment and decrease in the quality of life.Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a part of the complete blood count (CBC) test and correlates with the platelets function and activation. Red cell distribution width (RDW) is a part of the complete blood count (CBC) and estimates erythrocyte variability.Objective : To analyse RDW and MPV in patients with AS and to evaluate their relationships with acute phase reactants (APRs) and disease activity index.Patients and Methods : A total of 100 patients with AS (78 males : 22 females) diagnosed according to the modified New York classification criteria for AS and 146 (99male : 47female) healthy individuals matched in age and gender as controls enrolled in the study. Demographic data, disease activity scores using Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), medical history, Creactive protein (CRP), erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR), and complete blood count (CBC) were all measured.Results : The mean age for patients and control was 38.0 ± 9.0 and 35.8 ± 9.0 years respectively (p=0.057). Both MPV and RDW were significantly higher in patients with AS (9.215 ± 1.570 p < 0.001 and 14.133 ± 1.613 p < 0.001 respectively) compared with controls (7.753 ± 0.857 p < 0.001 and 12.299 ± 1.031 p < 0.001 respectively). There was a direct correlation of (RDW and MPV with both ESR and CRP (P < 0.001 for RDW and 0.01 for MPV), RDW had r=0.38 for C - reactive protein (CRP) and 0.413 for ESR, and MPV had r=0.23 for CRP and 0.232 for Abstract VIESR. Also BASDAI was directly correlated with RDW (r=0.326 p<0.001) and MPV (r=0.333, p<0.001).Conclusion : Both MPV and RDW were higher in AS patients than in controls and are directly correlated with ESR, CRP, and BASDAI.

مدى صحة استخدام اختيار التحكم بالربو لتقييم شدة الربو القصبي في الاناث الحوامل في الثلث الثالث للحمل : دراسة سريرية Validity of Asthma Control Test in assessment of asthmatic pregnant females in third trimester (Single center study)

اسم المؤلف: زينب علاء عبد الحسين
اسم المشرف: محمد وهيب سلمان العبيدي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - الصدرية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Asthma is a common chronic medical condition in pregnancy, with a worldwide prevalence estimated between 8 - 13%; The ACT has the added advantage that it does not require pulmonary function assessment.Aims of study : To assess asthma control through ACT score and to determine if the ACT can be as useful as the spirometry usage of FEV1 in assessment of asthma status in asthmatic pregnant female.Methods : A cross - sectional study with analytic elements recruiting 55 pregnant asthmatic patients aged 16 - 35 year old were seen in gynecology and obstetrics department of Baghdad Teaching Hospital between 1st of November 2016 and 1ST of April 2017 for pregnant females in third trimester. Asthma control was assessed using the ACT score and FEV1.Results : There were 55 pregnant females in third trimester with history of asthma enrolled in this study.According to ACT score 15 patients (27.3%) were with poorly controlled asthma, 19 patients (34.5%) moderately controlled and 21(38.2 %) well controlled asthma.Of these 55 patients 32 patients (58.2 %) where with ACT score of ≤ 19 and abnormal FEV1, only 2 patients (3.6%) with ACT score of ≤ 19 and normal FEV1, while there was 19 patients (34.5%) with ACT score of ˃19 and normal FEV1, and only 2 patients (3.60%) with ACT score of ˃ 19 and abnormal FEV1.Conclusion :  ACT can serve as an alternative reliable tool in assessing asthma control even without an aid of a spirometer

العلاقه بين السمنة ومستوى العامل الخامس للتخثر ومولد الليفين في مصل الدم The relationship between obesity and plasma level of Factor V and fibrinogen

اسم المؤلف: هاله عبد الصمد جابر
اسم المشرف: جعفر نوري جعفر ال السيد عيسى
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it has an adverse effect on health. The normal BMI is 18.5 - 24.9 kg/m2 while obesity is considered when the BMI is ≥ 30.0 kg/m2. Obesity is an independent risk factor for venous thromboembolism. It increases the risk of thrombosis by two - fold. It increase the risk of many diseases including coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus and cancer. Obesity are associated with elevated plasma levels of certain coagulation factors, such as fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, and factor VII,VIII and XII .Chronic inflammation and impaired fibrinolysis in obesity may induce thrombosis. Adipose tissue is not an organ for fat storage only, it is also an active organ that secrete bioactive substance called adipokines, with prothrombotic or antithrombotic properties like leptin and adiponectin.Aim of study : • This study aims to assess the effects of BMI on plasma level of factorV andfibrinogen in obese and normal weight persons.Patient, materials and methodsThis cross sectional study included 76 subjects divided into51 obese with BMI≥30 kg /m2 and 25 control with BMI less than 25 kg /m2 who attended ALYarmok Teaching Hospital. Their age ranged from 18 to 50 years and having nohistory of (previous thrombosis, malignancy, surgical operation during the last 6months before and no drug therapy (non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs andhormonal therapy).Data collected from each participant included; name, age, medical history(hypertension, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, previous thrombosis), the time forthe last surgical procedure (if present), drug history, smoking history, recenttrauma, prolonged air travel, features of pulmonary embolism (shortness ofIIAbstractbreath, cough with bloody mucus, chest pain, fainting spells, dizziness), andfeatures of deep venous thrombosis (redness, warmth, tenderness, and swellingof the leg). Weight and height were measured, and then the BMI was calculatedfor each subjects.By a clean aseptic venipuncture 4.3 ml of blood were drawn from each patient and control. The sample was then divided between two tubes : • 2.5 ml of blood in dipotassium ethylene diamine tetra - acetic acid tube for platelet count which were performed using automated analyzer.• 1.8 ml of blood in disposable capped plastic tube containing 0.2 ml of 109 mmol/l trisodium citrate dihydrate (32 g/l) for coagulation study.Platelets poor plasmas were obtained by centrifugation of blood with 2000 g for 15 minutes, then 0.4 ml of plasma obtained from the upper part of the separated plasma was used for immediate measurement of prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and for factor V assay and fibrinogen within 2 hours of blood collection using semi - automated coagulometer.Results : There were insignificant difference in mean prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, factor activity and platelet count of obese group compared to control group with (P > 0.05). There was significant difference in mean fibrinogen of obese compared to control with (P = 0.006). The correlation between body mass index and prothrombine time, platelet count, factor V and fibrinogen in obese and control study groups were statistically insignificant with (P > 0.05), but a significant positive correlation between body mass index and activated partial thrompoplastine in obese group was found (P=0.037). There was a high significant negative correlation between factor V and prothrombin time in obese and control groups (P =0.001). There was an insignificant positive correlation between fibrinogen and prothrombin time in obese and control groups (P > 0.05).Conclusions : 1. There is higher significant fibrinogen concentration in obese group when compared with normal weight group was found.2. There is insignificant difference in PT, aPTT, platelet count, FV activity between obese group and normal weight group.

المعرفة المرضية لدى مرضى السكري وتاثيرها على التطور المرضي في بغداد 2017 The Level Health Literacy Among Diabetic Patients and its Impact on Disease Outcome in Baghdad 2017

اسم المؤلف: احمد علي عبد الحسن
اسم المشرف: بتول علي غالب ياسين
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: طب المجتمع
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعتبر الامراض غير الانتقالية مثل امراض القلب والطارئات الوعائية والسرطان وامراض الجهاز التنفسي المزمنة والسكري من الاسباب المهمة للمراضة والوفيات على مستوى العالم. وتحدث اكثر من نصف الوفيات الناتجة من السكر بعمر دون السبعين. حيث ان ارتفاع عدد الاصابات بالسكري يكون اسرع في الدول ذات معدل الدخل الواطي والمتوسط. وتوقعت منظمة الصحة العالمية بان السكري سيحتل المرتبة السابعة ضمن قائمة اسباب الوفيات بالعالم بحلول العام2030.تعرف المعرفة المرضية بانها حالة الادراك وامتلاك المهارات الاجتماعية التي تحدد طموح وامكانية الفرد على الوصول الى المعلومة وفهمها واستخدامها بطرق تطور وتحافظ على الصحة العامة لدى الشخص.داء السكري هو داء قابل للعلاج ويمكن تفادي مضاعفاته او تاخيرها باتباع النظام الغذائي الصحيح وممارسة النشاطات البدنية بصورة منتظمة والالتزام بالنظام العلاجي ومتابعة المرض برصد مضاعفاته. حيث يعتبر السكري من اكثر الامراض شيوعا وكلفة للمريض والنظام الصحي.في هذه الدراسة سيتم القاء الضوء على مستوى الوعي الصحي وتاثيره على السيطرة على المرض وظهور او عدم ظهور المضاعفات. حيث لا توجد دراسة في العراق مختصة في البحث في هذا الموضوع.تم اجراء دراسة مقطعية باخذ 447 مريضا من مرضى السكري النوع الثاني من مراجعي المراكز الصحية الاولية في بغداد للفترة من الخامس عشر من حزيران 2016 ولغاية الخامس عشر من نيسان 2017. وشملت العينة 267 مريض ذكر و180 مريضة انثى. وشمل مدى العمر للعينة من 19 - 93 سنة وبمعدل 50,89 25 وانحراف معياري 20,3 سنة.تم قياس الوعي الصحي للعينة باستخدام اداة خاصة مصممة لهذا الغرض تم تحضيرها بواسطة خبراء في المجال. وتم الحصول على نتائج تتراوح من 18 - 67 نقطة بمعدل 43,34 نقطة وبانحراف معياري 11,1 نقطة. وتم ايضا قياس معدل السيطرة على المرض باخذ معدل السكر التراكمي HbA1c وتم الحصول على معدل يتراوح من 6,4 - 13,4 وبمعدل 10,25 وانحراف معياري 1,01 نقطة.وتم ايضا تسجيل وجود المضاعفات من عدمها في العينة حيث ثبت وجود مضاعفات السكر في 65 مريض وهم يشكلون 14,5% من العدد الكلي للعينة.بعد اجراء الاختبارات الاحصائية اللازمة على البيانات تم كشف وجود ارتباط احصائي بين وعي المريض الصحي ودرجة السيطرة على المرض وبالتالي معدل السكر لديه. وايضا تم وجود ارتباط احصائي بين وجود المضاعفات وبين مستوى الوعي الصحي للمريض. حيث اوضحت الدراسة ان المرضى ذوي الوعي الصحي الاعلى سجلو معدلا اقل للمضاعفات.واظهرت البيانات وجود ارتباط احصائي لمستوى وعي المريض مع بعض الخصائص الديموغرافية للعينة, حيث وجد ان معدل الوعي الصحي يكون اعلى بين العزاب مما هو لدى المتزوجين او المطلقين. كما وجد كونه مرتفعا ايضا لدى المرضى الذين يمارسون الرياضة بصورة منتظمة.كما ظهر وجود ارتفاع مستوى الوعي لدى المرضى الذين لم يدخلو للمستشفى مسبقا بسبب داء السكري عما هو لدى المرضى الذين دخلو للمستشفى بسببه. ولم تظهر بعض الخصائص الاخرى ارتباط بمستوى وعي المريض.لم تظهر البيانات اي ارتباط لبعض الخصائص بوعي المريض كجنسه وعمره ونمط وظيفته ومده المرض لديه ولا نوع العلاج الذي يتناوله المريض.حسب نتائج الدراسة يمكن القول بان حصول المريض على مستوى اعلى من الوعي والمعرفة الصحية عن مرضه له تاثير ايجابي في الحصول على مستويات سكر افضل ومعدل مضاعفات ومشاكل اقل بخصوص حالته المرضية.لذلك يمكن القول بان زيادة التركيز ورصد موارد اكثر في رفع مستوى الثقافة الصحية للمريض والمجتمع قد يسهم في الحصول على ناتج افضل للسيطرة على المرض وتخفيف ثقل المرض وكلفتة على المريض بالخصوص والنظام الصحي عل العموم. | Non - communicable diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes, are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diabetes prevalence has been rising more rapidly in middle - and low - income countries. Almost half of all deaths attributable to high blood glucose occur before the age of 70 years. WHO projects that diabetes will be the 7th leading cause of death in 2030. (Boutayeb, A. and Boutayeb, S., 2005)Health Literacy has been defined as the cognitive and social skills which determine the motivation and ability of individuals to gain access to, understand and use information in ways which promote and maintain good health. (WHO, 2014)Diabetes can be treated, and its consequences avoided or delayed with diet, physical activity, medication and regular screening and treatment for complications. Diabetes is one of the most common and costly chronic diseases. (American Diabetes Association, 2002)In this study the effect of health literacy of diabetic patients on the disease management efficiency and prevention or delaying complications is tested.Health literacy and its relation to diabetes and outcomes for diabetic patients are yet to be investigated in Iraq.A cross section study done by taking random sample of 447 patients from PHCC’s in Baghdad from 15th July 2016 to 15th April 2017. From them, 267 males (59.7%) and 180 females (40.3%). Their age ranged from 19 - 93 years with a mean of 50.89 years ± 20.3 years Standard Deviation (SD).Health literacy was measured by special tool designed for this purpose (Ranges 18 - 67 points with a mean of 43.34 ± 11.1 SD) and disease outcome is quantified by testing HbA1c (ranged between 6.4 - 13.4 with a mean of 10.25 ± 1.01 SD) and recording presence of diabetic complications in our patients (only 65 patient (14.5%) report having complications, the rest 382 (85.5%) reported no complications).After applying proper statistical tests there was a significant association between patient literacy and glycemic control, also the frequency of complications was significantly associated with level of health literacy, i.e. the rate of complications was significantly less in patients with higher literacy level, also, patient with higher literacy tend to have lower HbA1c and hence better glycemic control.Certain demographic criterion found to have associated with patient literacy, marital status of the patient found to have significance (singles have better health literacy than married or divorced).Patient physical activity level found to have significance (more active life style has better health literacy than sedentary life style.The mean total health literacy score was significantly higher among diabetics with no or limited hospital admissions.Gender did not affect the literacy score of diabetic patients, similarly, disease duration, Employment type and treatment regimen don’t seem to have association with patient literacy.In the contest of our results, we may state that having higher level of literacy and knowledge about the disease and its related issues tend to improve the level of glycemic control in diabetics and make them significantly less likely to develop diabetic complications.Enhancing patient knowledge and activating educational programs may give better public health outcome regarding this chronic disease and ameliorate its burden on the patient and community

العلاقة بين مستوى حامض البوليك في الدم وكثافة المعادن في العظام بين عينة من متوسطي وكبار السن العراقيين Association Between Level of Serum Uric Acid and Bone Mineral Density Among a Sample of Middle Aged and Elderly Iraqis

اسم المؤلف: سندس عدنان جوامير
اسم المشرف: محمد هادي العصامي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - المفاصل
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: خلفية البحث : حامض البوليك هو حامض ضعيف وناتج نهائي من تحلل وايض البيورينات ويتواجد تحت الظروف الفسلجية على شكل ملح الصوديوم الاحادي , بداية اعتبر حامض البوليك كناتج خامل يتبلور في التراكيز العالية مكونا حصاة الكلية والتهاب المفاصل النقرسي , بالتالي ادرك انه من مضادات الاكسدة القوية يمسح الاوكسجين الدري , مختبريا وحسب الدراسات الخلوية اعتبر حامض البوليك ايضا كمؤيد للاكسدة حسب الكيميائية المكروية. كثافة العظام المعدنية هي مقياس المحتوى المعدني للعظام بوحدة الغرام والمساحة المتوقعة ذات البعدين بوحدة السنتيمتر المربع والوسيلة المستخدمة هي مقياس امتصاصية الطاقة المزدوجة للاشعة السينية.الهدف : تقييم العلاقة بين مستوى حامض البوليك في مصل الدم ومقياس كثافة المعادن للعظام ان وجد.المرضى والطرائق : شملت الدراسة (60) رجلا وامراة منهم (35)امراة والباقي رجال (25) اعمارهم تتراوح من 40الى 70سنة .تم جمع بيانات المرضى الديموغرافية والسريرية بما في ذلك العمر والجنس والطول والوزن ومعيار كتلة الجسم وحالة التدخين والحالة الوظيفية والدورة الشهرية والحالة المرضية ومستوى النشاط والتحصيل الدراسي . تم قياس نسبة الحامض بوحدة ملغرام لكل ديسيلتر مربع لكل وكدلك كثافة المعادن للعظام للفقرات القطنية من الواحد الى الاربعة وعنق عظم الفخذ الايمن لكل شخص مع حساب مقياس تي ومقياس زت عن طريق مقياس الامتصاص للطاقة المزدوجة للاشعة السينية النتائج : هناك علاقة احصائية مباشرة ضعيفة بين مستوى حامض البوليك وكثافة العظم للفقرات القطنية في جميع الاشخاص القيمة الاحتمالية (0,176). العلاقة بين مستوى الحامض وكثافة العظام للذكور مباشرة في عنق الفخذ الايمن ومعتدة احصائيا القيمة الاحتمالية (0,040) . توجد علاقة مباشرة ضعيفة بين مستوى حامض البوليك وكثافة عظام الفقرات القطنية في الاناث في سن الياس (0,225) .الاستنتاجات : هناك اثار وقائية منطقية لحامض البوليك للعظام في الذكور | Background : Uric acid is the final breakdown product of purine metabolism in humans, it is a weak organic acid that under physiologic condition exists mainly as a monosodium urate salt , initially, uric acid was considered an inert waste product that crystallizes at high concentrations to form renal stones and provoke gouty arthritis , subsequently, uric acid was recognized to be a powerful antioxidant that scavenges oxygen radicals. Cellular studies have nevertheless demonstrated that depending on its chemical microenvironment, uric acid may also be pro - oxidant. Bone mineral density measurements are widely used to diagnose osteoporosis and measurement in bone mass are commonly used as a surrogate for fracture risk . Bone mineral density is the measured parameter, and allows the calculation of the bone mineral content in grams and the two - dimensional projected area in square centimeter of the bone being measured; thus the units of is gram per square centimeter. Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the serum uric acid and bone mineral density in a sample of middle and elderly Iraqis Patients and methods : This cross - sectional study involved sixty participants , thirty five were female and twenty five were male, based on exclusion (systemic rheumatic diseases , malignancy , gout , chronic kidney and liver diseases, diabetes mellitus , thyroid disease, pregnancy, medications : thiazide , calcium , vitamin D, steroid , bisphosphonate) and inclusion (Iraqi consenting men and women , aged from forty to seventy years) criteria. Demographics and clinical data were collected including age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, employment, educational status, menstrual history, level of physical activity, comorbidities .Serum uric acid was measured and bone mineral density was calculated for each individual by dual energy x ray absorptiometry scan , Z - score and T - score at first lumbar - forth lumbar spine and right femoral neck were measured . Results : There is weak direct relationship between bone mineral density, T and Z score with uric acid (stronger in bone mineral density than the others probability value ( 0.176) in lumber spine bones for all patients , but no relationship was found between bone mineral density , with uric for right femoral neck in all participants probability values (0.346) , while in females, there was no relationship between uric acid and bone mineral density , T and Z score of the lumbar vertebral spine , while; there was weak inverse relationship between bone mineral density , T and Z score with uric acid in right femoral bone . In postmenopausal female; in lumbar vertebral spine bone there was weak direct relationship between uric acid with bone mineral , Z and T score, while; in right femoral bone there was no relationship between uric acid with bone mineral density , Z and T score. In males for right femoral bone; there was significant direct relationship between bone mineral density with uric acid probability value (0.04), while the relationship between uric acid with T and Z score was non - significant (however it is direct and weak correlation),while ; no relationship was observed between uric acid with bone mineral density, T and Z score for lumbar vertebral spine bones.Conclusion : Significant direct relationship was found between bone mineral with uric acid , so uric acid is protective against bone loss in male

انواع التغذية والعدوى وامراض المناعة الذاتية وعوامل الخطر البيئي الاخرى لدى الاطفال المصابين بالسكري من النوع الاول في مركزين صحيين عامين Types of feeding, Infection, Autoimmune Diseases & Other environmental risk factors in Diabetic Children at two tertiary public health centers in Baghdad

اسم المؤلف: شهد محمد جاسم
اسم المشرف: نادية عزيز ناصر
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: طب العائلة
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks the insulin producing cells in the pancreas and destroy them, it is also called ( Juvenile diabetes) because it mainly occurs in children and teenagers , though it can develop at any age. The study of epidemiology of T1DM in Basrah showed that the overall mean age at first diagnosis was 15.3 ± 9 years and it was significantly higher in men. The prevalence was 87 per 100,000 and it is lower than neighboring countries. The average annual incidence rate of type 1 diabetes was 7.4 per 100,000 which place Iraq in the intermediate group. This provided a baseline for assessing future changes in the epidemiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Iraq.Objectives : To describe pattern of feeding during infancy among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, frequency of childhood infections (Measles and Mumps), and prevalence of autoimmune disease in children with T1DM.Patients and methods : A cross sectional study was carried out at Central Child teaching hospital and Al Yarmook teaching hospital, Iraq. A total of 248 patients with type 1 diabetes who attended the consultation clinic in the period from February 1st to the 30th of May,2017, and were investigated in order to describe the patterns of feeding in infancy, frequency of childhood infections )measles and mumps), and also prevalence of autoimmune disease in children with T1DM.Results : The mean age of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes among children was 5.7 years ± 3.3 and the mean weight of children at delivery was 3.2 Kg± 0.6 . The sociodemographic distribution showed that 38% of cases occurred in the 5 - 8 years age group followed by 8 - 11 years age group which accounts for 30.6% of cases. Sex distribution was nearly equal with slight male predominance. 50.8% of T1DM children have a positive family history for diabetes, most of them had a history of type 2 Dm (38.7%), and (9.3%) of type 1 DM, while 7% had both type 1 and 2. Only 23.4 % of cases have positive family history of other autoimmune diseases (autoimmune thyroid disease, celiac disease, ulcerative colitis, vitiligo, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, pernicious anemia, psoriasis, Addison disease). About 23 % of children had autoimmune illnesses other than diabetes. More than 61% of patients with T1DM had exclusive bottle feeding history, 30% had exclusive breast feeding history, while 8.5 % had mixed feeding history.Conclusion• About two thirds of children with type 1 DM were bottle fed.• About a quarter of children with T1DM had autoimmune diseases other than diabetes.• The sociodemographic aspects showed that more children were diagnosed in the 5 - 8 years, those with urban residence were found to be more frequent than those with rural residence while frequency of T1DM was almost the same in males and females, more parents were with no college education.• Only a small proportion of children had a positive pre - diagnosis Measles and Mumps infections if they achieve the milestone of 1 year.Keywords : T1DM, bottle feeding, autoimmune diseases

متوسط حجم الصفائح الدموية وعرض توزيع الخلايا الحمراء في المرضى العراقيين المصابين بالتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي Mean Platelet Volume and Red Cell Distribution Width in Iraqi Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

اسم المؤلف: انمار عبد الوهاب البياتي
اسم المشرف: زياد شفيق الراوي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - المفاصل
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: خلفية البحث : التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي هو التهاب مناعي ذاتي جهازي مزمن يصيب المفاصل واجهزة الجسم الاخرى. متوسط حجم الصفائح الدموية هو جزء من اختبار العد الكامل للدم ويرتبط مع وظيفة الصفائح الدموية وفاعليتها. عرض توزيع الخلايا الحمراء هو جزء من اختبار العد الكامل للدم ويقدر تغيرات كريات الدم الحمراء.الهدف : لتقييم عرض توزيع الخلايا الحمراء ومتوسط حجم الصفائح الدموية في مصل المرضى الذين يعانون من التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي وتقييم علاقاتهما مع الخصائص الديموغرافية والسريرية الاساسية للمرضى.المرضى والطرائق : شملت دراسة تضبيط الحالة هذه تشخيص ما مجموعه 111 مريضا مصابا بمرض التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي (98 انثى : 13 ذكرا) وفقا لمعايير التصنيف الامريكية لامراض الروماتيزم / الرابطة الاوروبية لمكافحة الروماتيزم لالتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي، متوافقين بالعمر والجنس مع 97 شخصا من الاصحاء كمجموعة ضبط (سيطرة) (76 انثى : 21 ذكر). وتم قياس كل من البيانات الديموغرافية، ودرجات نشاط المرض، والتاريخ الطبي، والادوية المستعملة، والعامل الروماتويدي، ومضاد سيترولينيتد الببتايد الضد ، ومعدل ترسيب كريات الدم الحمراء ، واختبار العد الكامل للدم.النتائج : كان متوسط العمر للمرضى والسيطرة 46.53 ± 11.89 و48.19 ± 12.06 سنة على التوالي (p=0,321). لم تكن فروقات متوسط حجم الصفائح لمرضى التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي (8.0 ± 1.4) والسيطرة (7.7 ± 1.2) معتد احصائيا(P=0.4)، بينما وجد ان عرض توزيع الخلايا الحمراء اعلى بكثير في المرضى (14.5 ± 2.8) مقارنة مع مجموعة الضبط (12.4 ± 1.1) (p => 0.001). لم يكن هناك ارتباط معنوي بين عرض توزيع الخلايا الحمراء ومتغيرات مختلفة كـ(العمر، مؤشر كتلة الجسم ، مدة المرض، درجة فاعلية المرض 28، ومؤشر نشاط المرض السريري، معدل ترسيب كريات الدم الحمراء، الجنس، العامل الروماتويدي ومضاد سيترولينيتد الببتايد الضد). ان لعرض توزيع الخلايا الحمراء قدرة جيدة على التفريق بين مرضى التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي ومجموعة الضبط،وكذلك فان لمعدل ترسيب كريات الدم الحمراء قدرة ممتازة على التفريق بين مرضى التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي ومجموعة الضبط.الاستنتاجات : كان عرض توزيع الخلايا الحمراء اعلى بكثير في مرضى التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي من مجموعة الضبط، في حين كان متوسط حجم الصفائح الدموية اعلى في مرضى التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي مقارنة مع مجموعة الضبط غير ان الفروقات لم تكن معتدة احصائيا. لم يكن هناك ارتباط كبير في مرضى التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي بين عرض توزيع الخلايا الحمراء ومتغيرات مختلفة كـ(العمر، مؤشر كتلة الجسم، مدة المرض، ، درجة فعالية المرض 28 ، ومؤشر نشاط المرض السريري ، معدل ترسيب كريات الدم الحمراء، الجنس، العامل الروماتويدي ومضاد سيترولينيتد الببتايد الضد). | Background : Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease, which affects the joints and other body systems. Mean platelet volume is part of the complete blood count test and correlates with the platelet function and activation. Red cell distribution width is part of the complete blood count test and estimates erythrocyte variability in volume.Objective : To evaluate red cell distribution and mean platelet volume in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and to assess their relationships with baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis .Patients and Methods : A total of 111 patients (98 female : 13 male) with rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed according to the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria for Rheumatoid arthritis 2010 and age sex matched 97 control healthy individuals (76 female : 21 male) were involved in this case - control study. Demographic data, disease activity scores, medical history, current medications were reported. Rheumatoid Factor, Anti Citrullinated Peptide Anti body, complete blood count erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, and were all measured.Results : The red cell distribution width was significantly higher in patients (14.5 ± 2.8) compared to controls (12.4 ± 1.1) (p=>0.001). While Mean platelet volume in rheumatoid arthritis patients was (8.0 ± 1.4) and that for controls (7.7 ± 1.2), the differences were insignificant (P=0.4). Mean age for patients and controls were 46.53 ± 11.89 and 48.19 ± 12.06 years respectively (p=0.321). There were no significant correlation between red cell distribution width and various variables (Age, Body Mass Index, disease duration, Disease Activity Score28, Clinical Disease Activity Index, ESR, Sex, Rheumatoid factor, and Anti Citrullinated Peptide Anti body).The red cell distribution width had good validity to differentiate rheumatoid arthritis patients from controls, while erythrocyte sedimentation rate had excellent validity to differentiate between rheumatoid arthritis patients and controls.Conclusions : Red cell distribution was significantly higher in rheumatoid arthritis patients than in controls, While mean platelet volume was higher in rheumatoid arthritis patients compared to controls, but not reach statistically significant. In rheumatoid arthritis patients there were no significant correlation between red cell distribution and various variables (Age, Body mass index, Disease duration, Disease activity score 28, Clinical disease activity index , Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Sex, Rheumatoid factor, and Anti Citrullinated Peptide Anti body).

ارتفاع المؤشرات الالتهابية كمتنبئ للاستجابة للادوية المضادة لعامل تنخر الورم (الايتانرسبت والانفلكسماب) في عينة من المرضى العراقيين المصابين بتشمع الصلب Raised Inflammatory Markers as Predictors of Response to Anti - Tumor Necrosis Factor Drugs (Etanercept and Infliximab) in a Sample of Iraqi Patients with Ankylosing Spondyl

اسم المؤلف: سيف عبد الكريم رؤوف
اسم المشرف: نزار عبد اللطيف جاسم
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - المفاصل
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الخلفية : تشمع الصلب هو مرض التهابي جهازي مزمن يؤثر بشكل اساسي على الهيكل العظمي المحوري، على الرغم من ذلك فان المفاصل الطرفية وانسجة الارتكاز والانسجة خارج المفصل قد تتاثر ايضا بالمرض مثل العيون والقلب والرئتين. يرتبط ارتفاع المؤشرات الالتهابية ( بروتين سي التفاعلي او معدل ترسيب كريات الدم الحمراء) في المرضى المصابين بتشمع الصلب في بداية اعطاء الادوية المضادة لعامل تنخر الورم مع استجابة سريرية افضل. الهدف من الدراسة : تقييم دور ارتفاع المؤشرات الالتهابية ( بروتين سي التفاعلي او معدل ترسيب كريات الدم الحمراء) في تنبؤ الاستجابة للادوية المضادة لعامل تنخر الورم في المرضى المصابين بتشمع الصلب.المرضى والطرائق : ادخل في الدراسة الاترابية 71 مريضا من المصابين بتشمع الصلب كعدد كلي، كلهم كانوا مطابقين لمعايير نيويورك المعدلة لتشخيص تشمع الصلب ومعايير تصنيف الجمعية الدولية لتقييم التهاب المفاصل الصلبي لغرض تشخيص التهاب المفاصل الصلبي. تم استثناء 19 مريضا من الدراسة نتيجة انقطاعهم عن استخدام الادوية المضادة لعامل تنخر الورم واستمر 52 مريضا بالدراسة وتمت متابعتهم لمدة ثلاثة اشهر . تم جمع البيانات الديموغرافية ، مدة المرض ، نوع العلاج ، مؤشر نشاط مرض التشمع الصلب والمؤشر الوظيفي لمرض تشمع الصلب من المرضى. وتم ايضا فحصهم مختبريا لبروتين سي التفاعلي، معدل ترسيب كريات الدم الحمراء ، كريات الدم البيضاء ، الهيموغلوبين وعدد الصفائح الدموية.النتائج : كان متوسط عمر المرضى 35.2 ± 9.6 سنوات ، شكل الذكور 84.6% منهم وكان متوسط مدة المرض 5 (3 - 10) سنوات. اظهر التحليل احادي المتغير بان المتنبئات للاستجابة للادوية المضادة لعامل تنخر الورم شملت الارتفاع الاساسي لبروتين سي التفاعلي ، معدل ترسيب كريات الدم الحمراء ، مؤشر نشاط مرض التشمع الصلب والمؤشر الوظيفي لمرض تشمع الصلب. اظهر التحليل متعدد المتغير بان المتنبئ المستقل الوحيد للاستجابة للادوية المضادة لعامل تنخر الورم هو الارتفاع الاساسي لبروتين سي التفاعلي. كانت نقطة القطع المثلى لبروتين سي للاستجابة للادوية المضادة لعامل تنخر الورم اكثر من 7.5 ملغم/ لتر بحساسية 94.29% ونوعية 88.24%, بينما لمعدل ترسيب كريات الدم الحمراء كانت اكثر من 32 ملم/ ساعة بحساسية 74.29% ونوعية 94.12%. كان هنالك نزول واضح في مؤشر نشاط مرض التشمع الصلب والمؤشر الوظيفي لمرض تشمع الصلب بعد ثلاثة اشهر من العلاج (لكلا العلاجين ايتانرسيبت وانفلكسماب). لم تتنبا المتغيرات الاخرى التي تم دراستها والتي تشمل البيانات الديموغرافية، مدة المرض، الهيموغلوبين، كريات الدم البيضاء، الصفائح الدموية، نوع العلاج، وجود التهاب المفاصل الطرفية، التهاب انسجة الارتكاز او التهاب القزحية بالاستجابة.الاستنتاجات : يتنبا الارتفاع الاساسي للمؤشرات الالتهابية ( بروتين سي التفاعلي او معدل ترسيب كريات الدم الحمراء) باستجابة افضل للادوية المضادة لعامل تنخر الورم في المرضى المصابين بتشمع الصلب. بروتين سي التفاعلي لديه تنبؤ افضل للاستجابة للادوية المضادة لعامل تنخر الورم من معدل ترسيب كريات الدم الحمراء | Background : Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder mainly affecting the axial skeleton, although peripheral joints, entheses and extra - articular tissues may also be involved such as eyes, heart and lungs. Raised inflammatory markers (C - reactive protein or erythrocyte sedimentation rate) in patients with AS at the start of anti - tumor necrosis factor therapy associated with more clinical response.Aim of the study : To assess the role of raised inflammatory markers (C - reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate) in predicting response to anti - tumor necrosis factor drugs in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.Patients and methods : A prospective cohort study enrolled a total of 71 patients with AS, all of them were fulfilling the modified New York criteria for Ankylosing Spondylitis and Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society classification criteria for diagnosing spondyloarthropathy. Nineteen patients were excluded from the study due to discontinuation of anti - TNF therapy and 52 patients continued in the study and were followed for three months. Demographic data, disease duration, type of treatment, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index were collected from the patients. They were also investigated for C - reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, white blood cell, hemoglobin and platelet count. Results : The mean age of the patients was 35.2±9.6 years, males constitute 84.6% of them and the median disease duration was 5 (3 - 10) years. Univarite analysis showed that the predictors of response to anti - TNF were raised baseline C - reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index. Multivariate analysis showed that the only independent predictor for response to anti - tumor drugs was raised baseline C - reactive protein. The optimal cut point for C - reactive protein to predict response was >7.5 mg/l with a sensitivity 94.29% and specificity 88.24% , while for erythrocyte sedimentation rate was > 32 mm/hour with a sensitivity 74.29% and specificity 94.12%. For both drugs (etanercept and infliximab) there was significant reduction in Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index after 3 months of therapy. Other variables which were studied including demographic data, disease duration, hemoglobin, white blood cell, platelet, type of treatment, presence of peripheral arthritis, enthesitis or uveitis did not predict response.Conclusions : Raised inflammatory markers (C - reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate) at baseline predict better response to anti - tumor necrosis factor drugs in Ankylosing Spondylitis patients. C - reactive protein had better prediction of response to anti - tumor necrosis factor dugs than erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

طيف وتردد طفرات الجين K - ras عند المرضى العراقيين المصابين بسرطان القولون والمستقيم المفرق Spectrum and Frequency of K - ras Mutations among Iraqi Patients with Sporadic Colorectal Cancer

اسم المؤلف: شيماء خالد شاكر احمد
اسم المشرف: بسام موسى صادق الموسوي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - الوراثة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a serious health problem and is one of the most common cancers in the world. The majority of CRCs are sporadic; several genes have been implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis.Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (K - ras) is a protooncogene and is one of the important genes responsible for sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis. It is involved in G protein - mediated signal transduction. It has a constitutive guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activity, which is lost when the gene is mutated. Analysis of K - ras mutation has important therapeutic impact being one of the most important predictors of resistance to targeted therapy using Epidermal Growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (cetuximab and panitumumab) in addition to its prognostic significance. Aim of study : To determine the frequency and spectrum of K - ras mutations among Iraqi patients with sporadic CRC. Patients, Materials and Methods : This is a retrospective study that included 35 surgically resected cases with sporadic CRC from the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital / Medical City Complex - Baghdad during the period extending from January 1st, 2014 till December 31st, 2015. Patients’ demographic characteristics as well as tumor characteristics were studied. Samples of DNA were extracted from formalin - fixed paraffin embedded blocks (FFPE) using the QIAamp DNA FFPE Tissue Kit by QIAGEN / Germany. The specified DNA fragment was amplified by a conventional thermocycler (PCR) using specific biotinylated primers followed by hybridization of the amplification products to a test strip containing allele - specific oligonucleotide probes immobilized as an array of parallel lines. The bound biotinylated sequences are detected using streptavidin - alkaline phosphatase and color substrates according to the manufacturers’ instructions.Results : The age of the 35 enrolled cases ranged between (20 - 70) years with a mean (±SD) of 52.7±13.5 years and a median of 55 years; 27(77%) of them were ≥45 years of age and 8(23%) were <45 years of age. Out of the 35 enrolled patients 12 (34%) were males and 23(66%) were females; the male : female ratio was 1 : 2.The most common histological type was the non - mucinous adenocarcinoma constituting 30 (85.7%), with a moderately differentiated grade II histological pattern 29 (82.9%); stage III was the most common tumor stage 13 (37.1%) with predominance of left colonic tumors 20 (57%);15(42.9%) of CRC patients presented with positive regional lymph node involvement.K - ras mutations were detected in 13 (37%) patients; the remaining 22 (63%) show wild - type K - ras. Ten (71.4%) of these mutations were in codon 12 while 4(28.6%) were in codon 13. No mutation was detected in other codons (61,117,146).A total of 14 mutations were detected in the tumors of those 13 patients; 12/13 tumors had single mutations, and only 1/13 had double mutations (in codon 12 and codon 13 simultaneously).The most frequently encountered mutations were the G>T transversions 9 (64.4%). The most frequent mutation constituting 8 (57.2%) was GGT>TGT (GLY>CYS) at codon 12.There were no statistically significant associations of clinicopathological characteristics with K - ras mutation status.Conclusions :  K - ras mutations rate lies within worldwide reports, and lie in the middle between Asian and European figures. Most CRC tumors carry codon 12 K - ras mutations and thus they have a risk of poorer prognosis and response to therapy. Gly12Cys and Gly13Asp predominate over other types of amino acid substitutions, and carry a poorer prognosis. PCR detection of K - ras mutations is preferable to IHC techniques especially so when using anti - EGFR for CRC treatment.

التهاب المخاطية الفموية لدى مرضى سرطان الراس والعنق المعالجين بالاشعاع Oral Mucositis In Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy For Head and Neck Cancer

اسم المؤلف: مروة ایاد نوري فتاح
اسم المشرف: خضير جاسم صبيح الرواق
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الاشعة العلاجية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Radiotherapy (RT) is indispensable in treatment of Head and Neck Cancer (HNC); in spite of its associated complications. Oral mucositis (OM) is an important complication in HNC patients undergoing RT. OM is painful, may affect nutrition and quality of life. It decreases the patient’s willingness to continue treatment, and sometimes, it is a dose - limiting toxicity. It may lead to chronic complications. It also causes additional economic impact. This study aims to identify the incidence, distribution of OM, and its effect on treatment breaks in a section of HNC patients receiving RT in Iraq.Patients and MethodsThis is an observational, descriptive cross - sectional study. It included 50 patients with primary HNC, treated with External Beam Radiotherapy at the Oncology Teaching Center/ Radiation Therapy Department at the Medical City Complex - Baghdad, from 1st. January to 30th. April, 2017. All patients were assessed for occurrence of OM. Cases of OM were graded according to the World Health Organization scale. Data were collected in relation to; age, gender, smoking, sub - site of the tumor, stage of the tumor, type of therapy, and the unplanned breaks in treatment due to OM.ResultsThe mean age of the study population was 53.3 years (+/ - 11 SD). 80% of patients were below 65 years of age. Male; female ratio was 2.6 : 1. Main sub - sites of tumors were; nasopharynx (36%), larynx (22%) then parotid (14%) and tongue (12%).Seventy six percent of patients had chemotherapy and radiotherapy. 74% were smokers during or before starting RT. 86% of patients were in stages III or IV.Incidence of OM was 72%. (16% grade 1, 40% grade 2, and 16% grade 3).OM was more in ages < 35 years and in ages >/= 65 years. Least occurrence was among (45 - 54) years age group. OM occurred in 93% of females and 64% of males.OM occurred in 79% of patients who received RT plus CT. It occurred in 75 - 77% of patients of advanced stages of tumor.5Severe OM occurred more; among RT plus CT recipients and among smokers,The majority (47%) of OM cases in this population came from nasopharynx tumors, while larynx tumors contributed the least (3%).ConclusionsOM occurred in most of the HNC patients treated by RT. It occurred more in females, patients who receive CT plus RT, in tumors of oral cavity and nasopharynx. OM related unplanned breaks may interrupt the treatment schedule. HNC imposes double burden in Iraq as it attacks the productive age group. The vast majority of HNC are diagnosed in advanced stages. Multidisciplinary approach is recommended to manage HNC patients. Psychological support and patient education on oral care are essential needs.

انتشار متلازمة شيغرن الثانوية لدى عينة من المرضى المصابين بداء الذاب الحمامي المجموعي Prevalence of Secondary Sj?gren’s Syndrome in a Sample of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

اسم المؤلف: نور عباس
اسم المشرف: سامي سلمان شهاب
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - المفاصل
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Systemic lupus erythematous is a common autoimmune disorder occurring predominantly in women during reproductive years, the hallmark of SLE is its diversity of presentation with accumulation of manifestations over time and undulating disease course. Sj¨ogren’s syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that characteristically affects salivary and lacrimal glands such that patients have severe dry eyes and dry mouth. The disease may also involve numerous other organs, including the lungs, kidneys, joints, skin, peripheral nerves, and brain. Objective : To assess the prevalence of secondary sjogren syndrome in SLE patients.Patients and Methods : This cross sectional study involved a total of 50 patients with SLE diagnosed according to the revised American College of Rheumatology classification criteria, Sociodemographic data and medications were recorded. Disease activity for SLE was assessed with the SLE Disease Activity Index Case histories and personal information were assessed : age, SLE disease duration, body mass index, all subjects were screened for secondary Sj¨ogren’s syndrome by American - European Consensus Group Classification Criteria for Sj¨ogren’s Syndrome.Results : Prevalence of secondary Sj¨ogren’s syndrome in SLE patients was (8.4%). SLEDA was significantly higher in patients with Sj¨ogren’s syndrome (100%), there was no important or statistically significant correlation of all variable including disease duration, age, White blood cell count, Hemoglobin, Platelet count, antinuclear antibodies and anti - double Deoxyribo nucleic acid antibodies and the decrease in complement (C3 and/or C4) with secondary Sjogren’s syndrome. The anti - LA was statistically higher in patients with Sj¨ogren’s syndrome.Conclusions : The prevalence of secondary Sj¨ogren’s syndrome among SLE patients was relatively low. SLE disease activity as well as Anti SSB was significantly higher in patients with secondary Sj¨ogren’s syndrome

العلاقة بين المرضى العراقيين المصابين بداء الذاب الحمامي المجموعي ومتلازمة فرط مرونة المفاصل الحميد لدى عينة من مرضى نساء العراق

اسم المؤلف: سارة محمد نجيب
اسم المشرف: محمد هادي العصامي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - المفاصل
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

التاثيرات النفسية والاجتماعية للزواج المبكر لدى اليافعات في واسط 2017 Psychosocial Effects of Early Marriage on Adolescent Married Girls in Wasit - Iraq, 2017

اسم المؤلف: زينب بلاسم حمزة
اسم المشرف: جواد كاظم الديوان
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: طب العائلة
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

المقارنة بين المفراس الحلزوني باستخدام الصبغة والمشاهدات الجراحية في تشخيص اورام البنكرياس Correlation of computed tomography angiographic findings and surgical findings in patients with pancreatic tumour

اسم المؤلف: سندس صباح عبد الله
اسم المشرف: مظفر بالي مهدي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الاشعة التشخيصية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الخلفية : سرطان البنكرياس هو ورم قاتل يظهر كسرطان منتشر او موضعيا محليا في كثير من المرضى. وتشير التقديرات الى ان حوالي 20٪ - 25٪ فقط من المرضى لديهم سرطان يحتمل ان يكون قابل للرفع. ورم البنكرياس هو السبب الرابع الاكثر شيوعا للوفاة من السرطان في الولايات المتحدة. معدل البقاء على قيد الحياة ل 5 سنوات اقل من 5٪. حوالي 60٪ من الاورام تقع في راس البنكرياس، 15٪ في الجسم، 5٪ في الذيل، في حين ان 20٪ منتشرة داخل البنكرياسالهدف من الدراسة : لتقييم قابلية فحص الاشعة المقطعية بتصوير الاوعية بتحديد ورم البنكرياس القابل للرفع جراحياالمرضى والطريقة : دراسة مقطعية اجريت في مستشفى الجهاز الهظمي والكبد التعليمي في مجمع مدينة الطب للفترة من 1 يناير 2017 وحتى نهاية يوليو 2017. تم تسجيل 43 مريضا في الدراسة الحالية (29 من الذكور و14 من الاناث) مع نسبة الذكور الى الاناث من (2 : 1). كان متوسط الفئة العمرية 66.4 ± 9.3 سنواتالنتائج. اكثر الاماكن شيوعا لاورام البنكرياس هو منطقة راس البنكرياس 29 (67.4٪)، 33 (76.7٪) من المرضى الذين يعانون من ورم البنكرياس لديهم ورم لا يمكن ان يرفع بالجراحة، وكانت نتائج صحة فحص الاشعة المقطعية بتصوير الاوعية فيما يتعلق بالجراحة كالاتي : حساسية الفحص (70.0٪)، خصوصية الفحص (91.0٪)، القيمة التنبؤية الموجبة (70.0٪)، القيمة التنبؤية السالبة (91.0٪) والدقة (86٪).الاستنتاج والتوصية : فحص الاشعة المقطعية بتصوير الاوعية هو اداة فعالة قبل الجراحة لتقييم قابلية رفع الورم مع دقة جيدة لقابلية عموما في اورام البنكرياس. يجب ان يستخدم فحص الاشعة المقطعية بتصوير الاوعية على نطاق واسع في المرضى الذين يعانون من ورم البنكرياس لتقييم ما قبل الجراحة. | Background : Pancreatic cancer is a lethal tumor presenting as a locally advanced or metastatic cancer in many patients. It is estimated that only about 20% - 25% of patients have a potentially resectable cancer. Pancreatic tumour is the fourth most common cause of death from cancer in the United States. The survival rate at 5 years is less than 5%. About 60% of tumors are located in the head of the pancreas, 15% in the body, 5% in the tail, while 20% are diffuse within the pancreas. Aim of the study : To assess the resectibility of pancreatic tumor by using CTA preoperatively. Patients and method : A cross sectional study carried out in Gastro - intestinal and hepatology teaching hospital in Baghdad Medical city for period from 1st of Jan, 2017 to end of Jul. 2017, on 43 patients (29 were male and 14 were female) with male to female ratio of (2 : 1). the mean age group was 66.4±9.3 years.Results : Most common site of the pancreatic tumors were involving the pancreatic head and uncinate process 29(67.4%), 33 (76.7%) of the patients with pancreatic tumor have unresectable tumor, and the most common site of unresctability was the head of pancreas 23(70%) the validity results of CTA regarding to the surgery were sensitivity (70.0%), specificity (91.0%), +ve predictive value (70.0%), - ve predictive value (91.0%) and accuracy (86%).Conclusion and recommendation : CTA is an effective preoperatively tool for assessing resectability with good accuracy for overall resectability in pancreatic tumors. CTA must be used widely in patients with pancreatic tumor for pre - operative assessment.

تقييم فائدة ايكو القلب في تشخيص عملية تغيير شكل البطين الايسر بين مرضى احتشاء عضلة القلب الحاد بالمقارنة مع فحص التتبع النقطي Usefulness of traditional echocardiographic parameters in assessment of left ventricular function with comparison of speckle tracking in patients with normal ejection fraction early after acute myocardial infarction

اسم المؤلف: باسم عباس مراد
اسم المشرف: حامد الجنابي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: صدى القلب
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعين جدوى ايكو القلب ثنائي الابعاد في تشخيص وتقيم تغيير شكل البطين الايسر وازدياد حجمه بعد احتشاء عضلة القلب الحاد مع المقارنة بالفحص الحديث ,التتبع النقطي.الاساليب والنتائجقمنا باجراء فحص ايكو القلب ثنائي الابعاد خلال فترة ثلاثة ايام من نوبة احتشاء عضلة القلب وخلال دخول المستشفى لستون مريض. وقد تم دراسة وعمل مقارنات مختلفة باستخدام عدة متغييرات سريرية ومختبرية بضمنها ايكو القلب ثنائي الابعاد واضافة فحص جديد وهو التتبع النقطي بالاضافة الى البيانات الاساسية الديموغرافية، كضغط الدم والنبض وقد ثبتت القيمة التشخيصة لمختلف معايير ايكو القلب التقليدية كحجم البطين الايسر والكسر القذفي في الكشف المبكر عن تغير شكل ووظيفة البطين الايسر. وقد وجد من هذه الدراسة ان اتساع حجم الاحتشاء القلبي كان له الاثر الاكبر في زيادة حجم البطين الايسر وقصور عمله الوظيفي. كما قمنا بدراسة فحص جديد وهو التتبع النقطي .ان هذا الاثر كان اكثر احتمالا للحدوث عند الاكبر سنا من المصابين وعند الذكور منهم, اضافة الى ان كمية العضلة المصابة وعلى الاخص الاحتشاء الذي يشتمل العضلة الامامية للقلب عما سواها من الجدران كان الاكثر تاثيرا على حجم البطين الايسر وتدهور عمله الوظيفي الاستنتاجاتكان لفحص ايكو القلب ثنائي الابعاد لمرضى الجلطة القلبية الحادة قيمة فعلية في تحديد الاشخاص الاكثر عرضة لمضاعفات الاحتشاء وعلى الاخص زيادة حجم البطين الايسر وتدهور عمله الوظيفي ووجدنا ان المعاير القديمة التي تكون ضمن الطبيعي لا تعكس المخاطر المستقبلية مثل التتبع النقطي. | The role of echocardiography in patients after acute myocardial infarction with normal left ventricular ejection fraction. The normal ejection fraction not reflected left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction, so we used other echocardiographic parameter which is the focus of this thesis. We investigated the influence of various traditional echocardiographic parameters on the process of left ventricular remodeling such as left ventricular and left atrial volumes , ejection fraction, wall motion score index, mitral regurgitation and diastolic dysfunction with used newly parameter, speckle tracking .Aims To investigate the usefulness of two - dimensional echocardiography for accurate evaluation of left ventricular (LV) remodeling after acute ST elevation myocardial infarctions (STEMI) according to recent parameter ,Speckle Tracking . Methods and results Two - dimensional echocardiography was performed within 3 days on a 60 patients admitted to the hospital with a first ST - elevation AMI. Several echocardiographic and clinical variables were reviewed . Baseline demographic data, blood pressure, and pulse were obtained. Different traditional echocardiographic parameters have been shown to provide diagnostic information, such as left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction, wall motion score index, mitral regurgitation and left atrial pressure . newly parameters used ,speckle tracking studied and different comparison done . Predictors of early LV remodeling were older age, male gender, history of diabetes mellitus or hypertension, high leukocyte count, high admission blood glucose level, high wall motion score and anterior location myocardial infarction.Conclusions After acute ST - elevation myocardial infarction, early determination of the wall motion score index by two - dimensional echocardiography is useful for identifying patients at high risk for complications and to differentiate patients with and without development of LV remodeling accurately and early on the basis of wall motion score index as a measure of infarct size. A highly predictive variable with use of the speckle tracking

تقييم فترة Tp - e ونسبة Tp - e/QT في المرضى العراقيين المصابين بالتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي Evaluation of Tp - e interval and Tp - e/QT ratio in Iraqi Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

اسم المؤلف: وسام ابراهيم محمد
اسم المشرف: نزار عبد اللطيف جاسم
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - المفاصل
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Several studies have suggested that the interval from the peak to the end of the electrocardiographic T wave (Tp - e) may correspond to the transmural dispersion of repolarization and that increased Tp - e interval and Tp - e/QT ratio are associated with malignant ventricular arrhythmias.Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate ventricular repolarization by using the Tp - e interval and Tp - e/QT ratio in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to assess the relation with inflammation.Patients and methods : A case - control study includes Seventy patients (57 females, 13 male mean age 48.3±12.3years) with RA and 46 controls(39 females , 7males ; mean age , 46.8 ±13.1 years) were studied. From the 12 - lead electrocardiogram, Tp - e interval and Tp - e/QT ratio were measured. Blood samples were taken for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) .These parameters were compared between studied groups. The relationship between ventricular repolarization and inflammation was assessed by Pearson correlation coefficients. Results : Tp - e interval and Tp - e/QT ratio were increased in RA patients compared to the controls (72.47 ±6.6vs 66.17 ±3.4ms, 0.19 ±0.01 vs 0.17±0.01; p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). The Tp - e/QT ratio was also correlated with ESR(R=0.3, P=0.02) Conclusion : In RA patients, the increased frequency of ventricular arrhythmias may be explained by increased indexes of ventricular repolarization and their relationship with inflammation

العلاقة بين متلازمة الالم الليفي العضلي والعد الشائع لدى عينة من المرضى العراقيين Relationship Between Fibromyalgia Syndrome and Acne Vulgaris in a Sample of Iraqi Patients

اسم المؤلف: داليا محمد جاسم
اسم المشرف: محمد هادي العصامي احسان علي الطرفي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - المفاصل
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Fibromyalgia syndrome is a chronic disorder characterized by widespreadmuscles and bones pain, general fatigue, non - restorative sleep, cognitivedisturbance, mood disorder in addition to variable somatic symptoms.Acne vulgaris is a common multifactorial skin disease of adolescents withsignificant physical and psychological morbidity particularly anxiety anddepression.Aim of the study : To assess the relationship between fibromyalgia syndrome and its relatedsymptoms with acne vulgaris in a sample of Iraqi patients.Subjects and Methods : This case - control study was carried out from the first of October 2016 tothe end of May 2017. One hundred acne patients and one hundred age - and sexmatchedapparently healthy individuals were enrolled in the study.A special questionnaire designed for the purpose of the study was usedfor recording information from the patients and controls, which included : name, age, sex, employment, menstrual cycle, marital status and smoking.Additional information were collected from the patients including duration ofacne, drug history including local and systemic steroids and hormonal therapy.The 2012 Canadian Guidelines for diagnosis of fibromyalgia were used todiagnose FMS among patients and controls and acne severity was assessedusing Global Acne Grading System method.VIResults : This study showed that there was a three - folds increase in the risk ofdeveloping fibromyalgia syndrome among acne patients compared to normalindividuals (12% vs. 4%). Moreover, widespread pain, cognitive disturbanceand anxiety were significantly higher among acne patients compared to healthyindividuals. It was found that there was a four times increase in the risk ofhaving fibromyalgia syndrome with the increase in the duration of acne.Somatic symptoms such as muscle cramps, irritable bowel syndrome,altered bowel motion, gases and hair loss were significantly more frequentamong acne patients.Conclusion : This study had revealed that fibromyalgia syndrome was more commonin acne patients and increase with the increase in acne duration.

التشخيص المتاخر وارتباطه بالنتائج السيئة والاستجابة الغير ملائمة للعلاج في المرضى المصابين بالتهاب الفقار اللاصق Delayed Diagnosis is Linked to Worse Outcomes and Unfavourable Treatment Responses in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis

اسم المؤلف: حيدر احمد نوري
اسم المشرف: زياد شفيق الراوي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - المفاصل
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affect the axial skeleton(spine and sacroiliac joints) , peripheral joints, enthesitis and specific organ involvement such as anterior uveitis, aortic valve disease. The hall mark of AS is inflammatory back pain associated with radiographic sacroiliitis and often spondylitis.Objective : This study was conducted to evaluate the period from symptom onset to diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in Iraqi patients and the effect of delayed diagnosis on response to treatment.Patients and Methods : A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Rheumatology Unit of Baghdad Teaching Hospital with a total of 108 consecutive patients with AS according to the modified New York criteria . Diagnostic delay was defined as the gap between the first spondylo - arthropathic symptom and diagnosis of AS,The patients ,then, were classified into early and late diagnosis groups based on the median interval of the diagnostic delay, and a comparison was done between both groups for multiple parameters before and after 3months of etanercept or infliximab therapy.Results : the average of disease duration was 12.8yrs(range1 - 29).the average of age at disease onset was 25 years(range12 - 46) and average of age at time of diagnosis was 32.9 years(range15 - 54). The average of diagnostic delay was 6.9 years(range1 - 25) and the median was 7 years, on that basis our patients classified into early diagnosed group (<7years) and delay diagnosed group(≥7years). Mechanical back pain was the most common diagnosis prior to AS and Patients without articular involvement experienced a significantly longer delay in diagnosis compared to patients with articular involvement (29.1%vs 54.7%,p=0.001).At the time of diagnosis all parameters included in study were worse in late diagnosis group as compared with early diagnosis group, although none was statistically significant. After 3 months of treatment, BASDAI and BASFI score were significantly worse in delay diagnosis group(p=0.001).Conclusion : Patients with delayed diagnoses showed worse outcomes in activity and function scores and less favourable treatment response

دراسة الجوانب النفسية الاجتماعية لمرضى الصرع الذين يحضرون مركز الفرات الاوسط للعلوم العصبية في محافظة النجف الاشرف A Study of Psychosocial Aspects of Epileptic Patients attending the Middle Euphrates Neurological Sciences Center in AL - Najaf AL - Ashraf Province

اسم المؤلف: علي فلاح حسن جاسم
اسم المشرف: سلمى كاظم جهاد
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التمريض
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: A descriptive study cross - sectional design was conducted throughout the period of June 16th 2016 to October 20th 2017 in order to study of Psychosocial Aspects of epileptic patient attending the Middle Euphrates Neurological Sciences Center in AL - Najaf AL - Ashraf Province. A Purposive sample of (100) subjects were selected throughout the use of non - probability sampling approach, that include patients who were diagnosed with epilepsy attending the Middle Euphrates Neurological Sciences Center in AL - Najaf AL - Ashraf Province.A questionnaire was constructed to achieve the objectives of the present study, comprised of five domains including (38) items. Data was collected from patients who attending for treatment at middle Euphrates Center in AL - Najaf AL - Ashraf Province. Through the use of interview technique, each patient individually interviewed, taking a corresponded period of between (15 - 20) minutes. The questionnaire was clear and adequate for the measurement of the phenomenon except some adjustment and change are made on few items according to the expert's suggestions.Reliability of the questionnaire was determined through pilot study and the validity was achieved through a panel of (17) experts. Data were analyzed through the use of the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) version 22. Reliability was concerned with the consistency and dependability of the research instrument. Determination of internal consistency, reliability of the questionnaire is based on computation of Alpha Cronbachs Correlation coefficient.Abstract IIIThe findings of the present study indicated that the overall domains affected on patients with epilepsy in psychosocial domain were highly social isolation.The study concludes that sample mostly were males, young adults, married and illustrates type of epilepsy was an idiopathic, regarding to number of fits before treatment were more, Social isolation as one of the psychosocial aspects had severs effect on quality of life, also There was a significant relationship between the overall patient psychosocial aspects and occupation prior to disease. No significant relationship was found between the overall patient psychosocial aspects and the family and social support.The study recommends that recommends Patients with epilepsy need to be reassured about the attack, and the overall disease outcome. In regard to Ministry of health can help patients and families in providing medications and ensure its continuity. the family must be It's better to provide the patients with an identification card clarify some information about the particular patient.

دراسة جزيئيه وكيموحيوية لانزيم السلفوترانسفيريز 1A1 للتنبؤ بالاستجابة لعلاج المينوكسيديل لدى مرضى الصلع الوراثي Molecular and Biochemical Study of Sulfotransferase 1A1 Enzyme Predicting the Response for Minoxidil in Patients with Androgenic Alopecia

اسم المؤلف: رغد نوري عبد
اسم المشرف: مؤيد عمران موسى الغزالي وسام علي عوض
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: المقدمة : يعتبر مرض الصلع الوراثي من اكثر اسباب تساقط الشعر شيوعا لدى النساء والرجال, حيث ان نسبه المصابين بهذا المرض تصل الى حوالي 70% في بعض المجتمعات . قد يصنف المرض الى صنفين : 1 - تساقط الشعر ذو النمط الرجالي و2 - تساقط الشعر ذو النمط النسائي وذلك لان الصنفان يختلفان من ناحية الاسباب والفيزيولوجيا المرضية ونمط تساقط الشعر. يوجد سببان رئيسيان لمرض الصلع الوراثي وهما اسباب هرمونية واسباب وراثية, حيث ان الدراسات اثبتت ان الاشخاص المؤهلين وراثيا ممكن ان يظهروا حساسيه اكثر تجاه العوامل الخارجية مثل الهرمونات المؤثرة على بصيلات الشعر, مما يؤدي الى اضمحلالها وتساقطها مع الوقت. ان زيادة مستويات هرمونات الاندروجين في الدم تؤدي الى نقصان في طول فتره طور النمو في بصيلة الشعر وزيادة في طول فترة طور الاضمحلال في بصيلة الشعر. ان العلاجان الوحيدان المسموح باستعمالهما لعلاج الصلع الوراثي من قبل منظمة الغذاء والدواء الدولية هما المينوكسديل والفيناستيرايد . ان المينوكسديل يعمل على توسيع الاوعية الدموية المحيطة ببصيلة الشعر مما يزيد من تغذية ونمو الشعر. يبقى علاج المينوكسديل غير فعال لغاية اضافة مجموعة سلفونيت اليه في داخل بصيلة الشعر بواسطة انزيم السلفوترانسفيريز وقد تؤثر فعالية هذا الانزيم على فعالية العلاج, وقد وجد تغاير وراثي لنيوكليوتيده واحده (SNP) في جين انزيم السلفوترانسفيريز في الموقع 638 ذات الرقم rs9282861 , حيث تتحول فيه ال G الى A ويتغير الحامض الاميني من الارجنين الى الهستدين , ان هذا الاختلاف يؤدي الى انخفاض في مستوى فعالية الانزيم وبالتالي الى يؤدي الى انخفاض في فعالية علاج المينوكسديل. اما الفيناستيرايد فيعمل كمثبط لانزيم ال 5 - α ريديكتيز وبذلك يقلل من تحويل هرمون التستوستيرون الى هرمون الدايهايدرو تستوستيرون المسؤول عن تثبيط بصيلة الشعر.هدف الدراسه : الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو : 1 - ايجاد فحص مختبري يمكن ان يتنبا بفعالية دواء المينوكسديل قبل الشروع بالعلاج وذلك من خلال وجود تغاير وراثي في جين السلفوترانسفيريز 1A1 وهذا من شانه توفير الوقت وكلفة العلاج لمريض الصلع الوراثي.2 - ايجاد الاجابة عن سؤال فيما اذا كان الفيناستيرايد يدعم فعالية المينوكسديل من خلال تخفيض مستوى هرمون الدايهايدروتيستوستيرون مما يؤدي الى ارتفاع في مستوى انزيم السلفوترانسفيريز 1A1 في بصيلة الشعر. المرضى المشاركون وطرق العمل تم تشخيص 67 مريضا بالصلع الوراثي (30 رجل و37 امراه), تتراوح اعمارهم بين 18 سنه و49 سنة بمعدل اعمار يبلغ ..... وقد تم استبعاد اي مريض يتناول علاج من اي نوع والاشخاص المصابين باضطرابات الغدة الدرقية والمرضى المصابين بفقر الدم. من كل مريض تم الحصول على نوعين من العينات : 1 - تم نزع شعرتين كاملتين مع بصيلتهما وحفضها في انبوب ابندروف صغير وتجميدها في درجة حراره - 20م لحين اجراء فحص انزيم السلفوترانسفيريز 1A1 بواسطة تقنية ال ELISA.2 - سحب عينة دم وحفظ قسم منها في انبوب مختبري يحوي على مادة ال EDTA وهذه العينه استخدمت لاستخلاص ال DNA من خلايا الدم البيض لغرض اجراء الفحص الجيني. اما القسم الثاني من عينة الدم فقد تم استخلاص السيرم منها مباشرة بعد الجمع وحفظه في درجة حرارة - 20م لحين اجراء فحص هرمون الدايهايدروتستوستيرون بواسطة تقنية ال ELISA.النتائج لقد اوجدت هذه الدراسه وجود علاقه تناسب طردي ملحوظه بين مستوى تركيز انزيم السلفوترانسفيريز 1A1 في بصيلة شعر الراس وبين مستوى الاستجابة لدواء المينوكسديل, وبذلك يمكن الاستفاده من هذه العلاقه في التنبؤ فيما اذا كان مريض الصلع الوراثي سوف يستجيب لعلاج المينوكسديل او لا من خلال اجراء هذا الفحص قبل الشروع بالعلاج. وقد اوجدت هذه الدراسه ايضا وجود علاقه عكسيه بين تركيز انزيم السلفوترانسفيريز 1A1 في بصيلة شعر الراس وبين مستوى هرمون الدايهايدروتستوستيرون في بلازما الدم, حيث انه كلما ازداد مستوى الهرمون في الدم ادى ذلك الى انخفاض في مستوى تركيز الانزيم في بصيلة الشعر مما يؤدي الى عدم تفعيل علاج المينوكسديل وايضا الى انخفاض في مستوى الاستجابه لهذا العلاج. وبما ان هرمون الدايهايدرو تستوستيرون ممكن كبحه بواسطة علاج الفيناستيرايد مما قد يدل على ان علاج الفيناستيرايد قد يكون من المحفزات لعلاج المينوكسديل. تمت دراسة جين السلفوترانسفيريز 1A1 وذلك لاظهار مدى تاثير وجود التغاير الوراثي الذي يحمل الرقم rs9282861 على مدى الاستجابة لعلاج المينوكسديل, وقد اظهرت النتائج وجود علاقة عكسيه بينهما, حيث ان الدراسه اكدت ان الاليل من نوع G هو المسؤول عن الاستجابة للعلاج. فيما الاشخاص الذين يحملون النوع الوراثي GG هم اكثر الاشخاص استفادة من العلاج بنسبة 68.8% وقيمة P بمقدار 0.0011. وهذه النتيجه قد تكون دلاله على وجود علاقة حقيقيه يمكن الاستدلال والتنبؤ على الاشخاص المحتمل استفادتهم من علاج المينوكسديل قبل الشروع باستعماله. | Background : Androgenic Alopecia (AGA) ( also called androgenetic alopecia), is the most common type of hair loss in both sexes, affecting high percentage of population worldwide. It is also called male and female pattern hair loss as it differs in the pattern of hair loss, pathophysiology and etiology between the two sexes. There are two main reasons for AGA disposition : genetic factors and hormonal factors, as the hair follicle will respond differently to an external stimuli like hormones according to genetic variations leading to different hair characteristics. Increasing levels of androgen will affect the hair growth rate by decreasing the anagen phase length. Minoxidil and Finasteride are the only two medicines approved by the Food and Drug Adminstration to treat AA. Minoxidil is a prodrug that requires to be sulfonated by sulfotransferase 1A1 enzyme to be active, and that is why the activity of sulfotransferase1A1 enzyme is found to affect the activity of Minoxidil. One important SNP found in the sulfotransferase 1A1 gene, is located in the position 638 and numbered as rs9282861,where the G is changed to A resulting in changing the amino acid arginine to histidine and that SNP can affect the enzyme activity and then Minoxidil activity. Finasteride is a 5 - α reductase inhibitor and can reduce the transformation of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone which is responsible for the miniaturization of the hair follicle. Objective of the study : This study aims to find : 1 - A genetic test that can predict Minoxidil response before the start of the treatment and that will save time and coast for the androgenic alopecia patients.2 - If Finasteride potentiates the action of Minoxidil, through the effect of DHT on the SULT1A1 gene expression. Patients and Methods : Sixty seven subjects (30 males, 37 females) are diagnosed as androgenic alopecia patients. Subjects who suffered from any chronic diseases, subjects who were taking any medication were excluded from this study. Plucked hairs were collected from the area of the vertex where the hair is thinning, and concentration of SULT1A1 enzyme was detected inside the hair follicle using ELISA technique. Serum dihydrotestosterone hormone was also detected using ELISA technique. DNA was isolated frome white blood cells and the 638 G /A SNP in the SULT1A1 gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism technique.Results : present study finds a significant correlation between the level of SULT1A1 enzyme concentration and the response to Minoxidil, and that may help in predicting the response to Minoxidil. A significant correlation between the concentration of SULT1A1 enzyme in the scalp hair follicle and the serum dihydrotestosterone hormone level , also has been detected in the females group while no relation found in the males group and that may raise the question if Finasteride will potentiate the action of Minoxidil? Conclusions : Detection the GG genotype in 68.8% of the Minoxidil responders, comparing to only 31.2%of them are of GA genotype, is strongly suggests that the GG genotype is responsible for the response to Minoxidil.
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