انواع التغذية والعدوى وامراض المناعة الذاتية وعوامل الخطر البيئي الاخرى لدى الاطفال المصابين بالسكري من النوع الاول في مركزين صحيين عامين == Types of feeding, Infection, Autoimmune Diseases & Other environmental risk factors in Diabetic Children at two tertiary public health centers in Baghdad
Author name:
شهد محمد جاسم
Supervisor name:
نادية عزيز ناصر
General topic:
Medicine
Specific topic:
Family Medicine
Degree:
Higher Diploma
University:
University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine
Language:
English
University location:
Baghdad
First pages:
19T1336 - p.pdf
Abstract:
Background : Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks the insulin producing cells in the pancreas and destroy them, it is also called ( Juvenile diabetes) because it mainly occurs in children and teenagers , though it can develop at any age. The study of epidemiology of T1DM in Basrah showed that the overall mean age at first diagnosis was 15.3 ± 9 years and it was significantly higher in men. The prevalence was 87 per 100,000 and it is lower than neighboring countries. The average annual incidence rate of type 1 diabetes was 7.4 per 100,000 which place Iraq in the intermediate group. This provided a baseline for assessing future changes in the epidemiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Iraq.Objectives : To describe pattern of feeding during infancy among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, frequency of childhood infections (Measles and Mumps), and prevalence of autoimmune disease in children with T1DM.Patients and methods : A cross sectional study was carried out at Central Child teaching hospital and Al Yarmook teaching hospital, Iraq. A total of 248 patients with type 1 diabetes who attended the consultation clinic in the period from February 1st to the 30th of May,2017, and were investigated in order to describe the patterns of feeding in infancy, frequency of childhood infections )measles and mumps), and also prevalence of autoimmune disease in children with T1DM.Results : The mean age of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes among children was 5.7 years ± 3.3 and the mean weight of children at delivery was 3.2 Kg± 0.6 . The sociodemographic distribution showed that 38% of cases occurred in the 5 - 8 years age group followed by 8 - 11 years age group which accounts for 30.6% of cases. Sex distribution was nearly equal with slight male predominance. 50.8% of T1DM children have a positive family history for diabetes, most of them had a history of type 2 Dm (38.7%), and (9.3%) of type 1 DM, while 7% had both type 1 and 2. Only 23.4 % of cases have positive family history of other autoimmune diseases (autoimmune thyroid disease, celiac disease, ulcerative colitis, vitiligo, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, pernicious anemia, psoriasis, Addison disease). About 23 % of children had autoimmune illnesses other than diabetes. More than 61% of patients with T1DM had exclusive bottle feeding history, 30% had exclusive breast feeding history, while 8.5 % had mixed feeding history.Conclusion• About two thirds of children with type 1 DM were bottle fed.• About a quarter of children with T1DM had autoimmune diseases other than diabetes.• The sociodemographic aspects showed that more children were diagnosed in the 5 - 8 years, those with urban residence were found to be more frequent than those with rural residence while frequency of T1DM was almost the same in males and females, more parents were with no college education.• Only a small proportion of children had a positive pre - diagnosis Measles and Mumps infections if they achieve the milestone of 1 year.Keywords : T1DM, bottle feeding, autoimmune diseases
