اسم المؤلف:
علاء قاسم مزبان
اسم المشرف:
هيثم عبد السلام علي | كاظن حسن هذيلي
المستخلص:
Field experiment was conducted during the autumn season of 2015 in Silty clay lome soil, in a field in al - Mijar al - kabeer (40 km south of the Amarah city) to study the effect of the concentration and application methods of growth regulator Atonik on growth and yield of two hybrids of maize (Zea mays L.). A split - split plots design was used in randomized completely block design with three replications.Study involved three concentration of Atonik 0 , 2.5 ml and 5 ml which were given the following symbols (A0, A1 and A2) and three application methods (soaking seeds before planting for five hours, spray once a month after planting and spray two times after one and two months after sowing), Which were given the symbols M1, M2 and M3 and two hybrids of maize (Vito Spanish and French Abacaro), which were given symbol V1 and V2 .The results showed that the concentration A1 differed significantly and gave thehighest charcters for Plant height, number of grain in ear, 300 grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, total chlorophyll content, percentage of protein, and protein yield, which amounted 184.06 cm, 469.68 grain, 61.34 gm , 6.49 tons h - 1, 17.79 tons h - 1, 36.59 %, 40.26 SPAD, 12.34 % , 0.81 tons h - 1 respectively. With an increase of 11.88 % , 14.48 %, 17.13 %, 31.11 %, 24.84 %, 5.14 %, 34.20 %, 9.98 %, 44.64 % respectively compared with control (A0). The A2 treatment gave the highest field emergence % anddays from planting to 50 % anthesis and silking, stalk diameter and leaf area, which were (88.38 % ,56.17 days, 61.67 days, 2.51 cm and 5027 cm2), respectively.Resulted also showed that the application method (M3) lead to increase both the number of grain in ear (464.53 grain), 300 grain weight (61.60 gm), grain yield (6.44 ton h - 1), biological yield (17.83 ton h - 1), total chlorophyll content (38.38 SPAD), percentage of protein (12.30 %) and protein yield (0.80 ton h - 1).While overtook application method M2 in leaf area 5023 cm days from planting to 50 % anthesis and silking 57.06 and 62.28 days respectively. Whereas M1 method gave the highest stalk diameter of 2.32cm. Also the results showed that the hybrid V2 differed significantly compared with V1 and gave the highest grain yield (6.17 ton h - 1), and the highest percentage of protein (12.22 %). While hybrid V1 was overcome in field emergence % , days from planting to 50 % anthesis and silking and stalk diameter. The results obtained showed that there was significant interaction between A and M for some growth traits and grain yield in which ( A1 x M3) gave highest Plant height (191.63 cm), number of grain in ear (497.82 grain), 300 grain weight (67.56 gm), grain yield (7.31 ton h - 1), percentage of protein 13.22%, and protein yield (0.97 ton h - 1). Also (A2 x M2) interaction treatment gave the highest values in days from planting to 50 % anthesis and silking (55.00 days, 60.50 days respectively) and leaf area (5585 cm - 2). Whilst (A2 xM1) interaction treatment gave the highest stalk diameter (2.78 cm). The interaction between the A and V treatment recorded a (A1 x V2) more number grain in ear (497.97 grain), protein yield (0.91 ton h - 1).While (A2 x V1) treatment was confined on some growth traits only. Also was the interaction between V and M recorded a significant effect in plant height, stalk diameter, number of grains in ear. The (A2 × M2 × V2) interaction treatment gave the highest leaf area of 5878 cm2. While (A1 × M3 × V2) interaction treatmentgave the highest biological yield of 21.36 ton h - 1, and total chlorophyll content of 49.90 SPAD. recorded a the treatment (A2 × M3 × V2) harvest index (39.97 %) .
