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الشيعة في روايات ابن كثير (ت 774هـ/1372م) في كتابه البداية والنهاية == Shei In Ibn Kathir Novels ( 774 H - 1371 M ) In His Book For Beginning And The End

اسم المؤلف: رسول دفار عبد الرضا الساعدي
اسم المشرف: علي صالح رسن المحمداوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The subject of the Shia It is one of the most important intellectual and ideological topics That took a large area of Islamic history , The importance of the topic comes and necessity under the circumstances now What experienced by the nation of intellectual conflict contributed to the destabilization and destruction of Islamic unity , So it must be to highlight the most dealt with ibn - Kathir Shia and their Imams , And his role in the distortion of their image by taking some promoted and published for granted is debatable. Which cast a shadow over the Muslim community structure. So these ideas must be purified and rid it of impurities in order to rid the nation of this intellectual scourge. The study included an introduction and preface , three , three chapters and a conclusion it came in the boot linguistic meaning and idiomatic. Word Shia have been addressed this issue by relying on the vievs of Islamic sects owners regarding idiomatic meaning. The study included an introduction and preface , three chapters and a conclusion. It came in the introduction of linguistic and terminological meaning of the word Shia. It has been addressed this issue relying on language As well as relying on dictionaries in terms of linguistic meaning the views of Islamic sects owners regarding idiomatic meaning This included the first chapter title the biography of Ibn - Kathir section and divided ever chapter into four sections. The first section of this chapter to his name and his birth and the proportion of the second section and gilded. The third section on his wife and children. The fourth section of scientific activities in the Koran and Hadith and fiqh Al - muhammadi and the Arabic languge and history. The second chapter , entitled The position of the Ibn - Kathir of the imams of the Shia In this chapter into four sections The first section of the banished the virtues of Imam Ali ( peace be upon him ). It allocates a certain field in his beginning and end of the Imam (peace be upon him ) as a jewele Shia , and Shia accused develop the virtues of the Imam (peace be upon him ). The second part , the cause of our names Fadak , and he accused the Shia of liying in this topic. And took the third position on the topic of cosmic accidents title , after the martyrdom of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him ) and denial of its location , which occurred after his death ( peace be upon him ) and chared with heresy for Shia to stay decrees solace. And crying on the Imam ( peace be upon him ) , as well as touched upon in the fourth section of the deanial of the existence of Imam scholars. and divided by into three sections. he made the first section under the Shiite belief in the twelve Imams address.The second topic heading back to the front. The most important things that we reach to it in our research as follow : 1 - we cannot say that Ibn katheer was really truthful historical and he was far away from fundamentalism and honestly in recalling the truthful of historical , one of the most feature of historical be avoid this is qualities in order to be successful historical. one of the most important reasons that made him trade in duplicity with shea and Amams , was his study that was beside Sheks that they were full of intolerant and the environment that he had lived in it , it was Sham and they do not Know about the Islam its name. 2 - His influence with Ibn taemeh that was basic of corruption that was fuul of duplicity , rare of scientific descriptive , tamper with truth , deny the virtues of Amam Ali ( peace be upon him ) , his defense with Alamueen with the martyrdom of Amam Hussein( peace be upon him ) , lack of purity in his book in his duplicity with the strict criteria on of the most important things that we found in his writing. 3 - In his critical point about Sheas holy orders and their believes , he had not started with logical mind and it is not submitted with scientific research , but submitted with full of fundamentalism that were born all the truthful things. 4 - He made some of the most historical novels weather imperefect in their meanings or ygnored them , so its mean that he was blind mind in his thought and his believes because he did not return back this is historical novels in their sources. 5 - He embraced selective sight in the choice of historical novels , this is selective means that are conspiracies in the mind of Ibn katheer in order to make conflict inside the Muslims.
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المصادر:

خطط اصبهان في العصر الاسلامي حتى نهاية السيطرة السلجوقية == Asbhan Planing In The Modern Islamic Age Till The Salchokian Control

اسم المؤلف: محمد عبيس حميد الطائي
اسم المشرف: نزار عزيز حبيب الخاقاني
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This research titled Isfahaan city plans in the Islamic era have been divided into four chapters, the first of which entitled analysis of the sources and references that draw on Isfahaan city since ages Muslim first and up to the modern era, and it was to identify the most important of these Arab sources, who wrote about Isfahaan such as source layers modern Asbahan and contained them not Bo Sheikh Asbahani (d. 369 AH / 979 AD), and the book said News Isfahaan not Bo Naim Asbahani (d. 430 AH / 1038 AD), and the book pros Isfahaan for Mavrokha a fifth - century scientists, as well as mention many Persian references I wrote about Isfahaan.The second quarter was the geographical historic city Isfahaan entitled and which we dealt with the meaning of a single Isfahaan in the language and terminology, also touched on the history of the establishment of the city and its geographical location and area of the border, it has been the definition in all its cities and its importance, said castles and fortified research indicated demographic composition and beliefs of religious people and sources waters and the nature of the climate, as well as the male open Isfahaan at the hands of Muslims in 23 AH / 643 AD, and the different words in a year and the leaders and armies of conquest.The third chapter, entitled government plans to Isfahaan in the Islamic era, and these plans we approached the mosque, which is one of the most important government plans virility spin the rest of the plans are linked by all the streets of the main city and subsidiary, was exposure to male House emirate plans and plans for libraries and schools in Isfahaan, and kinds of different times, as well as the talk of the town wall is ancient history plans and developments that have taken place him in terms of the nature of the construction and Doors defensive purposes to which they showed it to in order to defend the city in case of attack on them, including training grounds plans and stores of weapons and prisons where she was dedicated to this type of castles plans.In the fourth quarter Search on service plans contained no Sbhan in the Islamic era and which have been identified Isfahaan city markets plans, relevance and developments that have taken place by the state's interest in the mentioned kinds and competence of each of them, and these plans are the most important service plans which are connected by all main and branch roads and their importance such as the importance mosque plans, and in this chapter have been identified on the settlement plans that were based on the three foundations of a basically tribal and ethnic, sectarian, also touched on the streets plans, in addition to the Parks plans or public parks and the date of its establishment and the extent of its beauty, and treat them like the Jews and Christ and Muslims and the types of these graves, and our research also pointed to the bridges which plans to set up Zayanderud Rhode River, and finally mentioned the equestrian field in Isfahaan
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المصادر:

السياسة الامريكية تجاه لاوس (1964 - 1975) == American Policy Towards Laos 1964 - 1975

اسم المؤلف: فريال صبري علي العيداني
اسم المشرف: ابراهيم فنجان صدام الامارة
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اصبحت لاوس نقطة محورية في التوترات الدولية منذ بروز الحرب الباردة بين المعسكرين الشرقي والغربي واتساع النشاط الشيوعي في الهند الصينية، وهو ما دعا الولايات المتحدة بالعمل على وقف انتشار الشيوعية، التي بدات بالتنامي في لاوس منذ الاستقلال الذي منح للبلاد عام
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المصادر:

الاوضاع الاجتماعية والاقتصادية في لواء العمارة (1958 - 1963) : دراسة تاريخية == The Social And Economy Conditions In Amarah Province (1958 - 1963)

اسم المؤلف: ذو الفقار فرحان حسين صالح
اسم المشرف: عمار محمد كاظم فرج
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The province witnessed wide changes included social and economic conditions after the revolution July14, 1958 , which has worked to end the manifestations of underdevelopment and confirmed the application objectives of the revolution in terms of construction and development , and conduct qualitative changes through what happened to remember the achievements immortalized in history over the years , Although most of the academic studies and research started on the brigade did not deal with that time period, where it was an important turning at the level of the history of Major points. And the researcher most important achievements and historical events that came in the revolution of July 14, 1958 was divided into an introduction and preface, three chapters and a conclusion Highlights include the findings of the study. Researcher occur in the boot on the social and economic conditions in the period before the revolution confined between 1953 - 1958 in terms of the rural community and its components from the Senate and the feudal procurator , peasants and city community and migration from the countryside to the city, Eating for health and education situation and the obstacles they faced in spite of the effort made by the Board of ages , but he did not suffice. The economic situation has been confined to talk about the other side of the agricultural wealth , the industrial side represents a factor of milling plants and bricks and milk. The focus in the first chapter on the social conditions during the research period 1958 - 1963 province community in the city and countryside and religious composition , and the most important changes that have occurred after July 14 , and the most prominent of the laws and their impact on society in terms of the development of education and health institutions.And singled out the second chapter on the economic developments in the province 1958 - 1963 represented the agrarian reform law and what is the nature lands of province formations agrarian reform law and the application of the reform law by seizing land , pumps and the creation of peasant associations and constraints interface agrarian reform as problems seizure and distribution, and the impact of reform on the farmer law process and the most important irrigation projects that have worked on completion , and the migration of peasants to the cities and productivity developments.And ensure that the third quarter industrial situation and what are the industrial sectors that have spread them food industries and divided into private sector milling plants and sugar mills and plants in the dairy sector and the coefficient of sweets and plants for soft drinks Alekhala private sector and the coefficient of curry , and construction industries the brick industry and industry slab and plaster craft and private sector industries , which contains a collection of ancient primitive industries that rely on the skill of the workforce and industry the pipes and floor mats and weaknesses boats , And appeared in that period of Amara Industry Corporation in terms of establishment and the most important economic effects that resulted in its establishment as a laboratory bricks and commercial activity for internal and external trade , markets and smuggling trade and the chamber of commerce and transportation routes , river and land transportation.It turns out that the researcher historical period between the year 1958 - 1963 was marked advancement in the social and economic situation in the province of Amara, as a result of the big efforts provided and represented by the following results : 1 - Revolutionary government , particularly concentrated in Iraq in general and in the province of Amara on the conditions of the countryside and the suffering of underdevelopment and neglect at all levels , and the only way is to re - work in the organization and interest in peasant life in terms of the distribution of agricultural land and to provide the necessary farming inputs and work to end the control of the Senate Squires who became dominated by large areas of farmland , which is where the farmer lived the worst days of his life and the resulting continuous migration to the cities.2 - Revolutionary government sought through the issuance of the interim constitution , which included a set of laws aimed at Equality between the debtor 's sons and the countryside which eliminates tribal claims , as amended, which was roosting on the issuance of the poorer classes in the countryside, and the issuance of Agrarian Reform Law No. 30 of 1958 , which is the turning point of the community law countryside by identifying agricultural areas and distributed to farmers , but this law has encountered great difficulties in the province because of limited resources and pressures Squires resulted in the deterioration of agricultural production and increasing migration of peasants to the cities.3 - The province entered a new phase after the revolution of July 14, 1958 was characterized by freedom of expression and the establishment of political parties and mass of organizations supporting role Authority attempt to ensure the success of the goals of the revolution especially with Provisions of laws that achieve the principle of justice between workers and owners of crafts , but it faced the ambitions of political parties and conflict Remote competition the objectives and principles of the revolution , which called for them because the conditions of the community began to go wrong.4 - Social structure of the community in various religions was and still reflect the extent of cohesion and unity among the members of the society have prevailed more in support of the revolution July 14 through their participation in the holidays , events and organizations to join the Republic.5 - The reality of education improvement in the province after the July 14 and the evolution of a lot because of the efforts made by the Provincial region represented Executor Abdul Hadi Saleh, who is widely credited with the completion of most of the projects in the province , especially the development of the educational sector , and make it compatible with the new phase characterized by changes on all social and economic levels.
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المصادر:

قضية التبت ومواقف الدول الكبرى والاقليمية منها (1949 - 1959) == The Issue Of Tibet And The Attitudes Of The Great And Regional Powers (1959 - 1949)

اسم المؤلف: منتصر حسن دهيرب
اسم المشرف: فرقد عباس قاسم المياحي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Issue of Tibet is one of the most important Issues, which Occupied the Formal and Informal world Opinion during the Fifth decade of last Century, Tibet Issue is Regarded as an Important Issue because it Started with the beginning of the Cold war between the two Camps of the Communist and Capitalist after World War II, and the Success of the in control of the General Rule in 1949 Chinese Communist Party in taking Power in 1949 after its Success to move Kuomintang Party away to Taiwan. The Researcher Chose the Year 1949 as a Start for the Thesis title because on that Year the Communist Party has Controlling on Power in China, and his Leaders Started calling for the unification of China and entering Regions and one of them was Tibet to Chinese State Authorities. The end of the Thesis was in the Year 1959, which was the Year Tibet Revolution happened in Tibet Revolution was against Chinese existence. The Revolution ended by Escape of the Dalai Lama outside Tibet and asking for Asylum in India. Moreover Tibet Leadership has Succeeded in showing their Issue to the United National Assembly and getting an International Decision to Condemn china. The Thesis is divided into an Introduction and four Chapters and a conclusion. The introduction included general explanation for the Thesis and its way of building. The Titled of the first Chapter was (General Situation in Tibet 1900 - 1949). And it included three Sections. The First Section Referred to the Geographic, Economic and Social Importance in addition to the beginning of the Political establishment of Tibet. the second section that indicated to political developments in Tibet during period of the British Occupation in 1904 and Chinese Occupation in 1910, while the third section has included political developments during period of independence (1912 - 1949), the Second Section had title (Chinese claim with returning Tibet and attitudes of regional and great States 1949 - 1951). it consist of three Section , first Section indicates to Chinese threats with re - annexation of Tibet and of great and regional States. The Second Section that expresses to shuttle fighters for TibetanDelegation in an attempt to avoided their country the risk of Chinese occupation for Eastern Tibet areas (Chamdo) and force Tibetan Government to inter in bilateral negotiation with china. It also dealt with attitudes of regional and great states of the occupation. Third Section had title (internal political developments in Tibet and attitudes of great and regional States of them )1951 - 1958 that consists of two sections first section indicated to bilateral relations between local government of Tibet and Chinese government this Section dealt with refusal of local government for Chinese administrative procedures in AL Tibet and opposition against Chinese existence on both formal and popular levels the second section dealt with first Tibetan revolution against Chinese Authorities have implemented in two provinces Kham and Amdo. It also dealt with Military and logistics Aids that USA Intelligence (CIA) have Provided to Tibetan Resistance. The four section had title (political developments in Tibet and international and regional attitude of them (10 of march 1959 - November 1959) consists of two sections : first section dealt with second Tibetan revolution in 1959 that has reported direct reasons to starting revolution and procedures that popular Chinese government has taken to its suppression the second section indicated to regional and international attitude of Tibetan revolution the conclusion has included the most important results that have reached the thesis
الملخص:
المصادر:

العلاقات الهندية - السوفيتية 1964 - 1971 == Indo - Soviet Relations 1964 - 1971

اسم المؤلف: حسام احمد شوقي
اسم المشرف: خولة طالب لفتة الحميداوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Indian - Soviet relations during 1964 - 1971 dielnt go on asingle frequency , but influenced by the duration of the study anumber of internal , regional and international factors which hav had an impact on the nature of relations if the relations between the two countries after the Lal Bahadur Shastri judgment continued evolving relations which were at the time of Jawahar Lal Nehru evolution which up to amaximum gradesin September 1964 , when the soviet union gives the deal that aircraft ( MiG 21 ) so that India be the first illegitimate country gives these aircraft by the soviet union that relations soon collided alter the political leader ship in the soviet union October 1964 with the arrival Bretiv to the post of first secretary of the communist parties and Alex Kosygin to the post of primeminister and the dedaration of the new leadership to take the new policy in south Asia and to try timprove relations with Pakistan after the tension that with essed dvring the reign of khro show this policy , which Anzmt evident in the second Kashmir war in 1965 and the pursuit of the soviet union convergence between the two parties and resolve the issue through a meeting sponsored by the soviet and the success of this thin is the success of the new policy that is followed by the soviets in the region. The Study also found the impact of internal events of India on the nature of relations between the two countries and reflected positively or negatively where Ibdia witnessed during the study period afood crisis decimated Ibdia making Indihira Gandhi request economic assistance from the united states thatit reflected on there lations with the soviet union , especially with the after soviet rapprochement with pakitan to withess in 1967 and 1968 strained relations between the two parties ont seen therug hout many ears ago that the tension reached its maximumgrades in July 1968 when the soviet union was awarded ar arms deals Pakistan , which raised poputar discontent and navigation with in India and the voices of rapproch ement with the united states the us response to the soviet rappro chemsnt with Pakistan. This tension quickly goes away in 1969 arrival of soviet relations with china to the stayes of crisis and exploit the united states of America and adopted anew policy china trend known as the ( opening - up policy ) by Pakistan president yahya khan whenhe feared both India and the soviet union from triple - column appearance ( united states - china - Pakistan ) which led to arappro chement between India and the soviet union this convergerce desire soviets that is reflected on the described bilateral treaty between the two countries , but Indira Gandhi refused to do sobecause of its adherence to the policy the Non - Aligned followsd by India after independence , but then Irealized Indhira Gandhi that the lack of tinkering with the treadty will lead to breach the military balance in favor of Pakistan , especially since the situation in East Pakistan was waring caution - pakis tans new this year 1971 withessed ahistoric event India signed abolateral treaty with the soviet union was the first its kind to be held by India with major coutries after independence
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المصادر:

دور الولايات المتحدة الامريكية السياسي في الشؤون الداخلية لليونان 1943 - 1949 == The Political Role Of United States Of America In Interior Affairs Of Greece (1943 - 1949)

اسم المؤلف: وائل جبار جودة النداوي
اسم المشرف: رغد فيصل عبد الوهاب نفاوة
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Greece posed a major part of eastern Europe ,that it lies in the western southern side of Europe continent, and extends along within the Balkan Semi island from the Ionic sea till Aegean sea, as a result of that geography position so Greece has become represent a strategic position to be a target to colonial states, Greece is a pivot joint between east and west , therefore it has a pivot influence in the development of political events in the Balkan.The government of USA didn’t pay any attention to Greece before World War II, but during this was USA had sympathized with it, especially after the Italian invasion to Greece 1940, the USA government assisted Greece through the American Red Cross, but the victories of Greece on Italia didn’t last long, soon the Nazi forces had advanced to invade Greece on April 1941, this event impacted on changing the situation tremendously after the declare of president Franklin Rosfelt to take part in the war on Dec. 1941, the American concern with Greece get increased.After the Nazi invasion of Greece, the Greece government and the king family have fled abroad the country, many political forces have emerged on the ground represented by Greece resistance groups that confronted German invaders, after coalition forces with assistance of resistance had been able to defeat Nazi forces in 1944.As a result, all resistance forces refused the back of the Greece king until proceeding the referendum on the legality of the regime, at that time the president Rosefelt had confirmed on keeping the Greece king because he was a loyal alley for the coalition, the civil war had broken down between the resistance forces that resist the royal regime by the leadership of National liberation Front during 1944 and government forces, Farkiza agreement was resulted from that war on 12th February 1945.Commitment with Farkiza agreement had not been kept for long, so the government started accusing the resistance groups by breaching it, civil war had broken down again when the national liberation front had changed its name to (Dimocratic Greece Army) , on 15th Jan. 1945, on August 1946 Mr. Markos Vafiades was elected to be the leader of that army, the war launched again from the mountain areas in the north of Greece, the USA government had watched the political Greece scene and movement of that army through reports sent by embassy in Greece , as a result the USA president, Troman had declared his doctrine on 12th Feb. 1947, according to that doctrine, the USA government had assisted the Greece government politically and economically.The situation get worse when the British government had declared its withdrawal from Greece on 30th of 1947, the republic army groups had expanded in its dominance over vast lands of Greece, Greece government asked USA government to help it in this crisis, USA government confirmed on military side, it reformed the frame of headquarter of Greece forces and trained its troop, general James Fan Fleet had won to draw plans to defeat the guerrillas undertaken by communism forces, he got assistance by general Alexander Papagos, the main goal of that plan is surrounding the militias, cities and towns and not to go deep inside them in order not to cause a mass human massacres of Greece forces, this plan succeeded to defeat communist militias in Greece 1949.
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المصادر:

الاقصاء الفكري والمذهبي في الاندلس من الفتح الاسلامي حتى سقوط غرناطة 92 - 897هـ / 710 - 1491م == Intellectual And Sectarian Exclusion In Andalusia From Opening Until The Fall Of Granada{ 92 - 897H / 710 - 1491M }

اسم المؤلف: احمد عبد الكاظم لجلاج
اسم المشرف: شكري ناصر عبد الحسن المياحي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Considered Andalus important Islamic metropolises where many scientists and thinkers who have taken it upon themselves to research and development in the fields of science and knowledge that was not the general situation accepted by explicitly but work on the stand especially her face and he saw it outside the Islamic religion famously took action to address them in all shapes and ways to eliminate those of science and knowledge in multiple formats such as imprisonment, exile, murder and other acts.So you divide my thesis to the front and pave contained four chapters in a statement Photos exclusion was a historic evidence from several perspectives in the control of the Maliki school and Aidulogith in the application of his ideas playoffs, has included a plan submitted Find based on unbridled desire that led me to choose a thesis and also the method and approach which it adopted thesis topics on the statement, and the statement of sources that our results in the Thighs thesis on the MAP.Either the first chapter we have offered is subject to the intellectual and ideological trends} origination and exclusion {has combined two sections, the first meaning of the exclusion and the statement of exclusion language and idiomatically as contained in the language dictionaries, as well as references to this meaning in the Koran and how Illth wrote boredom and the bees, which reflected the ideas of storytellers, and Pena impact political factor in the genesis of the doctrines in Andalusia, while the second topic and address the exclusion of doctrines in Andalusia under the headings exclusion of the Maliki school for the rest of doctrines and how he was able Maliki school of control after the support of the authority and its role and address of the exclusionary policy against science and knowledge and how was his word and Satwa on who oppose that Maliki played a major roleEither The second and the chapter was dedicated "religious charges" brought together the first two sections : charges of atheism and heresy "and touched it to the first two issues of religious charges and second counts mental science and made it clear both how to throw different religious charges if the charge of heresy or interest to get out of debt and that jurists which played a role they were able to form through which the interconnected series of charges pervaded the owners of the new science and the owners of renewed thought that scholars did not deliver them to the rest of the doctrines, scientists and thinkers of philosophy, medicine, astronomy and other sciences of those charges, either second topic and address the political charges came under the first two headings charge of conspiracy to power The second charge Altcol power we have explained in which the depth of exclusionary development that he tried to extend his policy all the roads in order to exclude others because of their ideological and intellectual.The third chapter and the chapter was devoted to the statement "intellectual exclusion methods" have included four first sections : exclusion prison and explained how it was able to owners of authoritarian thought the use of charges and packaged form that allows them to throw the accused in prison and policy practice their right tools and the pressure on them and which claimed the lives of some people to death because of those charges either second topic : the liquidation of murder also has its major role in the exclusion processes has used the owners of rigid trends and Alemtemthleen who led the Maalikis activate the secret and public killings tool for the liquidation of opponents of the scientific arena because of what were driven right Almgosain of false charges, either third topic : the displacement is considered the perfect tool for them in Almgosai deal signed after his land and his fellow workers, including an effective tool in the intimidation and terrorism. Either fourth topic : the destruction of intellectual productions and who embodied the most dangerous exclusion processes, as is the termination phase of the owners of the intellectual and religious trends through campus affected by them and which formed a burden on both cases, researchers because of the loss of those books and what the content of which were destroyed because of the desires of scholars and face Almtsidin of the doctrine of al - Maliki, the destruction of their books. The fourth chapter,dealt with and entitled "Methods of face exclusion," which came in the first two sections : hiding from the pressures of exclusion The first two addresses included immigration in order to avoid the development of cases of exclusion and the use of repressive tactics against Almgosain which necessitated their migration and disappearances in the Secretary and remote areas within Andalusia and beyond, and the second face the pressures of exclusion by the challenge and confrontation, or to stay and refused to obey the orders of the authority of the wishes of influential jurists Maalikis.The fourth five entitled "Public attitudes" which we explained where those positions have included the first two sections : the general attitudes of the implementation of the exclusion orders, which reflected the first two aspects positive supporter of thedecisions of exclusion and supportive of her and the second rejecting exclusion and confrontation with its decisions after remedied to the size of the plots hatched against scientists and scholars in order to exclusion, and the second represents their positions of intellectual and revolutionary movements embodied doing some revolutions against those who have been excluded. And the conclusion of the findings of the study of important results Astfadtha of those circumstances and women, which was the reason behind the exclusion of the right of scientists and thinkers the results of the task related to exclusion, as well as a list of the names of the manuscripts and sources in Arabic and translated, references and a number of messages and Alatarih university, periodicals and foreign references.
الملخص:
المصادر:

تطور التعليم في لواء كربلاء 1958 - 1968م == Development Of Education In Karbala Province (1958 - 1968)

اسم المؤلف: لمى حسين علي الركابي
اسم المشرف: علي حمزة سلمان الحسناوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: كربلاء
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Chapters of this thesis about development of education in Karbala province during the period ( 1958 - 1968) showed positive results arerepresented by the following : - 1 - The educational cooperation in Karbala province have been affected by the changed witnessed by the economic, political and social cooperation, the economic and social progress and bloom in the first class in Karbala province had reflected back on changing a ot of its deteriorated reality that it witnessed during the royal regime that cause to delate it too inuch from any other provinces of Iraq, after ( 14 of July revolution in 1958), there were many attempts to change the reality of Iraq totally and Karbala province specially, these atte1npts intended to implement many economic projects to ensure the economic bloom in these economic projects, and it is a matter couldn't be imple1nented by the council or reconstruction in the royal regime of Karbala province at that time, then a series of economic plans were implemented accurately in Karbala province that time, represented by the three economic plans (temporary, detail, fifty years plan), the high incon1es due to the uprising bloon1 of Karbala province , that urges the parents to send their sons to schools to increase the numbers of pupils attend primary schools to join other precedents registered pupils in primary schools.2 - Also the economic bloom Karbala province had witnessed and less immigrants to another provinces , good health reality due to good social facilities submitted by government with the municipality manage1nent in Karbala province had pm1icipated in improving the educational reality of Karbala province, most prominent services submitted by the government is projects of building residence units for the low income employees notably the teachers who suffered from living in unhealthy houses, to build new residence units called (teachers' neighborhood) in order to let the teacher to be available to teaching process only, without any obstacles that may affect on his efforts in teaching, also the government had commenced in submitting all services and rising the social value of teacher to urge other people to be involved in this cooperation of education, also government granted lands to the poor people in Karbala province which resulted in increasing the population in the new places consequently ensuring schools as a major projects and important facilities that complete the success of inhabitance projects in the Karbala province.3 - Building hospitals and health center a m2~jor factor in the Karbala province have participated in developing the education sector, these health cooperation succeeded in overcome and end the common and infectious diseases that devastated huge ratios of population in Karbala province, during the mass visitors who overwhelmed Karbala province annually, while there were no any health center in the royal regime that can make a direct medical inspections tours belong to the educational cooperation for schools to do the vaccinations that is durable to end or diminish the sates of infectious diseases, Karbala province witnessed a prominent improvement of the health situation after the revolution, at that time the government commenced to build the pupil's health centerin the beginning of the republican regime that time in Karbala province, which ended many infectious disease that devastated many people in the province.4 - The local management in Karbala province worked on applying principle of social justice in primary school, through implementing the program of' school wearing' by distributing clothes to poor and needy pupils, and program of school feeding through distributing free meals in schools notably in the rural schools, in order to enhancing the intellectual activity of the pupil and urging pupils to go schools after ensuring the simplest needs of life for the pupil like food and dressing. 5 - The government has enacted many rules and legislations by the ministry of education and teaching, most prominent rule was the order of ministry of education and teaching no. or (39) for the year 1958, which decided to make the teaching is free and compulsory in all places of Iraq without any exclusion, that motivate the fathers of sons to send them to schools after vanish of the most obstacle which is free teaching.6 - Also the occupational education had witnessed a huge concern from the government after the revolution specially in Karbala province, that was by opening two schools for the occupational teaching are Agricultural school for boys and home arts school for girls in Karbala province after being having only one industrial school for boys. 7 - The public and foreign education in all grades had witnessed big development beside the development in the formal education in the province, cooperation had witnessed a remarkable increasing in numbers of teaching staff or pupils and students within the period of the research, that was as a result to the encouragement of the local goverrnnent in supp01iing these cooperation by financial and moral supporting, due to the big role of these cooperation in enhancing the educational and cultural side of the province.8 - Although the big positive results in the education sector during that period but there were couple of negative impedances that has a hard impact on the flow of education current, political conflicts and the split of the community between supporting and opposite citizens led to political intervening in the educational cooperation and result in lowering the education level in Karbala province.9 - In spite of big reforms done by the ministry of higher education as big efTorts of enlarging buildings of the primary schools and ensuring the teaching stafT for these schools in Karbala province, but the enlargement in occupational building had not witnessed the required concern, exist of one school for industry in Najaf district with two schools for agricultural education and home arts school for girls, there was no any opening for a trade teaching school along that period. 10 - The less number qf'girl schools compared with boys school either primary or secondary school , in spite of the concern of the local government with the female sector, that is a result <~l the tribal attitude of the society which refuse the education qf' girls in schools like boys and consequently the le.ss qf educated girls compared with numbers o.f cultured boJ : s.
الملخص:
المصادر:

بنو مردنيش ودورهم السياسي والعسكري في الاندلس (528 - 636 هـ/1134 - 1238 م) == Bani Mardeneesh Their Political And Military Role In Andalusia ( 528 - 636 A. H./ 1134 - 1238 )

اسم المؤلف: جابر خليفة جابر
اسم المشرف: حسين جبار مجيتل العلياوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study singled out the political and military role of Bani Mardneeshin Andalusia528 - 636 A.H./1134 - 1238 where this period represents an important aspect of Andalusian history from the late era of Murabiteen and the era of Muwahideen. The research begins from the year 528 A. H./1134, based on the existence of a military role for the grandfather of the family whose name is Mardneesh in that time.Then, the end of the research set in year636 A. H. / 1238, based on the history of the fall of the city of Valencia under the control of the Christians and which were subjected toBaniMardneesh, where ended up by their departure from Andalusia and their evacuation to Africa.The information of this research required to be divide into an introduction, preface, three chapters, a conclusion, and supplements.The preface includes the indication of the general situation in Andalusia until the late era of Murabiteen, and which led to the outbreak of revolutions in various regions of Andalusia, which were subjected to Muwahideenlater, except the areas that were under the subjection of BaniMardneesh. The first chapter dealt with the descent of BaniMardneeshand their social status, and contains two sections : Section I studied the descent of Banimardneeshand if they were from Arab tribes, or the origins of Christianity, also addressed the origin ofBeniMardneeshappellation and the reason for it. The seconddealt with their social status.Chapter two discusses the political role of BaniMardneeshin Andalusia,and divided into three sections : The first dealt with the political relations of BaniMardneesh with Murabiteen, starting from their first appearance on the political scene, and till the fall of the state ofAl - Murabiteen. The second section has included political relations ofBeniMardneeshwithMuwahideenboth during the period of independence ofBeniMardaneeshin their princedombuilt in the east of Andalus, or when they were subjected to the authority ofAl Muwahideenand work with them later. The third section dealt with the political relations ofBeniMardneeshwith the small Christian states.Chapter III focused on the military role ofBeniMardneeshin Andalusia, and divided into three sections : The first studiedthemilitary relations ofBeniMardaneeshwithMurabiteen. The second dealt with the military relations ofBeniMardneeshwithMuwahideen. The third section, dealt with the military relations ofBeniMardaneeshwith the small Christian states, and what was between them such as military confrontations, or alliances and reconciliation.The Conclusion has reviewed the most prominent findings of this study on the history of this family, and its political, military and social roles and status. And the supplements included two pictures forthe gravestone of the daughter of Saad bin Mohammed Mardneesh., and the second picture is for AlmardnishiDinar and the inscriptions on both of its faces
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المصادر:

موقف الولايات المتحدة الامريكية من الحرب الاهلية النيجيرية 1967 - 1970 == The Attitude Of The United States Of America Of The Nigerian Civil War ( 1967 - 1970 )

اسم المؤلف: رغداء عباس كامل العتابي
اسم المشرف: نوفل كاظم مهوس
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study concluded that the weathy knowledge produced by the Arab Muslim historians and writers were full mature since those authors made personal visits in these remote areas and they improved their descriptive writings. In spite the fact that India witnessed constant political instability , but the unsetteled affairs could not have affected the cultural promotion and progress. Moreover Indian civic legacy played so great role in the Arab Islamic culture that it produced civilization mixture share by both of Arab and Indian nations later on.
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المصادر:

كونراد اديناور ودوره في السياسة الخارجية لالمانيا الاتحادية (1949 - 1963) == Konrad Adenauer And His Role In Foreign Policy Of Federal Germany 1949 - 1963

اسم المؤلف: محمد سمير خزعل
اسم المشرف: اسامة عبد الرحمن نعمان الدوري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: After the 2nd world war Germany had witnessed many great and important changes affected on its future for decades, especially its Spilt into two Germanys , Federal and Democratic, this Spilt occurred two contradictory countries, one followed the western countries and the other followed the Soviet Union. This came according to the results of the 2nd world war. So west Germany fell as a victim of division to United States, Great Britain and France which represented Federal Germany later, and Soviet Union occupied the eastern Part and founded Democratic Germany.These events led to weakness and division of Germany among the four countries, but the German political elites worked for reposition of Germany among countries, particularly in Federal Germany, where Adenauer rose as an important personality in Germany, according to his long experience since the German Empire and Republic of Weimar and then his opposition to Hitler's regime. Then he took an important role in formation the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) which contained the high political personalities who had a role in Republic of Weimar and were opponents to Hitler.The Dissertation consists of an introduction, four Chapters and a conclusions , the first chapter, entitled Konrad Adenauer and his first political activities until 1949, Which divided into four sections, The first tackled Konrad Adenauer : his life and beginnings till 1917. And the second section studied Konrad Adenauer as a mayor of cologne 1917 - 1933 which clarified his role in modernization of the city and his attitude from the general politics of Weimar Republic, the third section showed Adenauer during the period of the third Reich 1933 - 1945 which clarified his suffering of Hitler's regime, and the Fourth section talked the role of Adenauer after the 2nd world war and the foundation of the Christian Democratic Union until 1949, Which clarified his role as a mayor after the War and foundation of the (CDU).The Second Chapter studied the Role of Adenauer in foreign policy of federal Germany 1949 - 1953, Which divided into four sections, the first deals with the Elections Campaign and foundation of Federal Republic of Germany, and the second section included the basic principles of the German's foreign politics and the beginning of allying with occident, the third section followed the role of Adenauer in betterment the relationship between Federal Germany and France. The fourth section talked Adenauer and the cold war.The Third Chapter covered the role of Adenauer in foreign policy of federal Germany 1954 - 1957, which divided into four sections, the first talked Adenauer's role in joined federal Germany in NATO. The second section clarify the attitude of Adenauer from the meeting of the four powers in Geneva and the Unity of Germany. The third section covered the attitude of the three allies from foundation of the German army. The fourth section deals with the role of Adenauer in forming the European Economic Community (EEC).The fourth chapter Focused on the role of Adenauer in foreign policy of federal Germany 1958 - 1963 , Which divided into four sections , the first studied the policy of Adenauer towards France 1958 - 1963. The second section asserted on the policy of Adenauer towards Britain 1958 - 1963. The third one studied the Attitude of Adenauer from Berlin crisis 1958 - 1961. The fourth and last section concentrated on the ends of Adenauer until his death 1967.The thesis has reached several conclusions , the main were : - Adenauer was different in his directions after the 2nd world war than before, because he thought the new stage needs new political visions, especially after the failure of Weimar Republic in realizing democracy, therefore he didn't return to the central party, but he founded a new party believes in equality in religions, so that some of protestant politicians joined his party. - Adenauer could drawing foreign politics suitable to German reality, and he succeeded in applying what he called in electoral program. - The Advantage of Adenauer wasn't for Germany only but for Europe in general, because what he done to create the European Economic Community was a clear evidence to his keenness on European Nation, so that he participated in foundation a union gathering European countries in all fields. - Adenauer perpetrated many mistakes at the end of his rule resulted hatred of some politicians to him and decreasing in his popularity, particularly when he was nominated as a president and then dragging his nomination, he gave a less value to the post of president, and he excluded the political competitors. - we can certainly say that Adenauer in spite of his personal autocratic tendencies was genuinely committed to liberal democracy, and that for 95 per cent of the time he acted within the parameters of the ‘Chancellor democracy’ existed in the sense that the Federal Republic had a very powerful chief executive in the Adenauer years (1949 - 63), or, to be more precise, it had such a person until 1961. It did not exist in the sense of its having an autocratic Chancellor
الملخص:
المصادر:

الاقباط ودورهم السياسي في مصر : مكرم عبيد انمـوذجا (1919 - 1952)

اسم المؤلف: هدى جابر سلمان الخفاجي
اسم المشرف: ابراهيم خلف عبد المجيد العبيدي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
الملخص:

الطرق التجارية في العراق القديم ابان العهد الفرثي 247ق.م - 226م == Trade Routes In The Ancient Iraq During The Parthian (247 Bc - 226 AD)

اسم المؤلف: اثار علي كليكل جالس
اسم المشرف: جواد مطر الحمد الموسوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ القديم
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
الملخص:
المصادر:

تطور النقود الاندلسية واثرها في الحياة الاقتصادية 92 - 897هـ/711 - 1492م == Develoment Of Andalusian Crrencies And Their Impact On Economic Life (92 - 897 AH / 711 - 1492 AD)

اسم المؤلف: زينب يوسف غلام الاركوازي
اسم المشرف: صباح خابط عزيز سعيد الحميداوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: After the study which was entitled " development of Andalusian Currencies and their impact on economic life 92 - 897/711 - 1492), there are some points to be mentioned : - Arabs in Andalusia during the Islamic conquer, kept the Byzantine currencies, which included Christian inscriptions, signs and symbols, in accordance with the policy of intolerance adopted by Arabs in dealing with nations they conquered. - During the Emirate era, Emir Abdurrahman Al - Dakhil kept only currencies used during his entering Andalusia in use. - During the Caliphate era, the first new golden currency emerged in Andalusia in the reign of Caliph Abdurrahman al - Nassir the Third in (316 H - 928 AD) once he announced himself a Caliph on Andalusia. From that time till the end of the Umayyad reign in Andalusia the names and titles of Umayyad Caliphs were put on the back of the currencies beside the name of the monetizing house and the year. After the Umayyad Caliphate in Andalusia became weak about (400 H - 1010 AD), Andalusian governors started monetizing their own currencies, many of which were of Umayyad design to an extent that some Emirs monetized currencies with names of ex - caliphs whose reigns were ended long before. - Kings of Taifas during their era put their names and titles on the currencies most of which were parts of dinar which were monetized with bad type of gold. This revealed the worse political and economic state then. - During the Almoravids era, Andalusia witnessed some progress in monetizing currencies. The Almoravids currency was important to an extent that it was not only used in Andalusia, but in all other states. It acquired the trust of merchants and currency dealers. - During the Almohads era, their currency was characterized by its angled or squared shape and of high value, particularly the Mu'mini dinar, after the name of the Almohads' caliph Abdul - Mu'min bin Ali. - During the era of Bani - Nasr (Sultans of Granada) the most important feature in their currency was the motto (No Conqueror but Allah - Granada). - Andalusian determined the exchange rate of currencies in markets. - The authority was interested in monitoring markets and putting an end to currency forgery and manipulating them by appointing a market administrator (Muhtassib) who was responsible for all affairs in the markets; trading, production, and monitoring goods prices in markets and determining them to suit poor sects
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المصادر:

اثر علماء المغرب في الحياة العلمية ببلاد الاندلس في عهدي المرابطين والموحدين 484 - 668 هـ / 1091 - 1268م

اسم المؤلف: هند فاضل جمعة السامرائي
اسم المشرف: نوال ناظم محمود
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
الملخص:
المصادر:

الامبراطور اوكتافيوس اغسطس ودوره في تاسيس الامبراطورية الرومانية 36 ق.م 41 م == Emperor Octavius Augustus And His Role In The Founding Of The Romanian Empire 63 B.C - 14 A.D )

اسم المؤلف: ريم صالح عبد الزهرة
اسم المشرف: ميثم عبد الكاظم النوري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ القديم
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Emperor Octavius Augustus is considered one of the prominent characters who played an effective role in the history of the Roman Empire through his establishment to a new political system known in the roman history by Empire System. The nations of the empire witnessed a prosperity in all the aspects of life, as his policy was drawn on the basis of spreading peace in all of the empire so his reign was known as the Augustus peace reign.Throughout the study of the emperor Octavius biography a very important issue clarified to us which adoption which was very common at that age and due to it the emperor Augustus managed to inherent his mother's uncle and his adopted Julius Caesar as destiny wished to him to be the first emperor.His personality was described as intelligent and military and political ability whom he surrounded by patience which enabled him to reach out his goals although he ruled the Roman Empire with Antonius and Lepidus legally and publically based on the second triple government but he managed to remove them and rule individually.The emperor divided the rule of the empire between him and the sanato council so he called them the sanatory state and empire and made several reforms in Rome to strengthen the empire rule on all levels like the administrative, military, economic, social and construction so his era was considered one of the best peace and prosperity in which Rome became one of the greatest cities in the Roman Empire.As for his external policy which was described with good reasoning and managing the issues was from his expansion policy in submitting the nations whom he used towards the western states enabled him to establish security in it while the eastern states he forced his control on them and applied some new regulations in all life aspects. As for the external relations, he had peace relations with the Firthian states in the Arabic peninsula after the failure of the military campaign on Yemen which changed his mind from controlling to seeking peace.His reign lasted for 41 years in which he managed to expand the lands of the Roman Empire and managing them through depending on a group of professional people in the state who played their role indirectly and were faithful to the emperor like Agrebia and Mikanas and some of his consultant and military leaders.
الملخص:
المصادر:

اثر حضارة بلاد الرافدين في شعوب سورية القديمة (2800 - 539 ق. م) : المعتقدات الدينية والادب انموذجا == The Impact Of The Civilization Of Mesopotamia, On The Ancient Syrian Peoples (2800 - 539. B.C.) Religious Beliefs And Literature As An Example

اسم المؤلف: عبد اللطيف عائد عباس صويلح التميمي
اسم المشرف: عامر حمزة حسين الغريب
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ القديم
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The civilization of Mesopotamia is one of authentic civilizations that have influenced many nations and ancient peoples, and became the focus of interest since ancient times, benefiting from its creativity and circulating its news, especially in the religious and literary sides, and among those people affected by the civilization of Mesopotamia are the peoples of ancient Syria. Our study, therefore, is an attempt to penetrate in that influence, despite the fact that many of the researches and theses have addressed this subject, but they did not address the impact of the civilization of Mesopotamia in ancient Syrian peoples, with respect to religious and literary sides, it has not received enough study and analysis. Hence the importance of studying the topic has emerged because it highlights the important aspect of the originality of the civilization of Mesopotamia, and the extent to which the ancient Syrian peoples got affected by these two sides. Our study consists of three chapters preceded by a prologue that addresses the authenticity of the civilization of Mesopotamia and provides archaeological evidence of that authenticity. The first chapter, within three sections, discusses religion characteristics, literature, and the factors that contributed to their spread, while the second chapter which also included three sections, addresses Mesopotamian religious influences in the ancient Syrian religion, including the gods, rituals of the doctrine of the fertile, daily acts of worship, building of the temples, burial ritual, and the priests. The third chapter, in its three sections, deals with literary influences of Mesopotamian myths, epics, poetry, and the wisdom literature. The study concluded the most important findings of the researcher and the most important of which are the following : 1 - The civilization of Mesopotamia is characterized with the authenticity and originality the roots of which extend in the depth of human existence. That has been shown clearly through exhibiting a number of archaeological examples that showed that originality.2 - One of the most important factors that have helped to spread the Mesopotamian religious beliefs and moral codes is trade that contributed to the delivery of the civilization of Mesopotamia to neighboring and distant countries. In addition, the military expansion carried out by the kings of Mesopotamia had a significant impact in these two aspects of the spread of civilization. 3 - The religions of the peoples of ancient Syria are noted to have been affected by the characteristics of the religion of Mesopotamia, such as multiple gods and other aspects that those peoples borrowed various rituals and acts of worship the origins of most of them go back to Mesopotamia and they added to them some characteristics as they wish.4 - Most of the ugaritic and biblical myths are noted to have Mesopotamian roots, that the ugaritic and biblical writer quoted a lot of the texts of literature, especially those that are related to the myths, legends, and poetry, in addition to that the ugaritic got influenced by the Mesopotamian advice and guidance. The writers of the Old Testament were familiar with the Mesopotamian wisdom, especially the wisdom of Ahiqar, the Assyrian laureate sage, from which they quoted the educational wisdom texts. They introduced lot of the Mesopotamia texts in the texts of the biblical books after altering and employing them in accordance with their religious views
الملخص:
المصادر:

المراسلات الادارية للامبراطورية الاشورية الحديثة (911 - 612 ق.م) تجاه حكام المقاطعات == Modern Assyrian Empire'S Administrative Correspondences To The Governors Of Territories (911 - 612 B.C.)

اسم المؤلف: فاتن حميد قاسم
اسم المشرف: غسان عبد صالح
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ القديم
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Administrative correspondences are considered of vital significance for any country or empire which kings keep on governing and ruling, and its importance like arteries for human body. The inception of the documentation of such correspondences can be traced back to the invention and spread of the writing system. Correspondences take a special place in the Cuneiform and historical studies since they are regarded as the most important historical resources for identifying the politics and civilization of Assyrian Empire exposing the life nature and administrative organization of the empire at that time, and this is the reason behind choosing such a topic as the main focus of this study. The present study falls into four chapters with an introduction. Chapter one deals with the nature of Assyrian administrative correspondences in the First Thousand B.C., and sub - divided into three sections. Section one is an introductory overview of correspondences and territories from linguistic and technical perspectives. Section two studies the formats of administrative correspondences. Section three sheds light on the employees of administrative correspondences (messengers) and their role in the Assyrian political and military life. Chapter two highlights the main Assyrian territories in terms of their geographical distribution. It is sub - divided into four sections. Section one examines the central territories, and section two studies the northern, western and west northern territories. Section three covers the eastern and south eastern territories, whereas section four tackles the southern territories. Chapter three examines the contents and themes of administrative correspondences. It has three sections. Section one spots light on the interior security affairs and laws abiding, the diplomatic tactics, and the intelligence system. Section two deals with the military correspondences, recruiting system and military campaigns. Section three, on the other hand, is mainly concerned with Assyrian mailing and communication system. Chapter four covers the administrative correspondences for economic and constructional aspects. It is sub - divided into three sections. Section one deals with the economic correspondences. Section two is limited to the constructional and architectural correspondences. Section three deals with diversified Assyrian correspondences. Finally, the study is concluded with a number of findings : Assyrian administrative correspondences show the kings? interference in every aspect of territories, and most correspondences sent by the governors were answers to the kings? messages. Also, there is a large number of correspondences approximating to 2000 messages covering different aspects, and some of these correspondences in script forms are not safe as many of them smashed and broken.

ابن حبان البستي (ت354 هـ) منهجه وموارده في كتاب السيرة النبوية واخبار الخلفاء == Ibn Hubban Al - Busti(Died In 354 A.H.) : His Methodology And Sources Of Writing In Al - Sira Al - Nabaiyya, And Akhbar Al - Kuhlafa'A

اسم المؤلف: نشات حميد جاسم عريمط المحمدي
اسم المشرف: مرتضى حسن النقيب
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: كان اختيارنا لموضوع ابن حبان منهجه وموارده في كتاب ( السيرة النبوية واخبار الخلفاء ) لما له من اهمية حيث يعد ابن حبان البستي من اعلام القرن الرابع الهجري واحد اوعية الزمان في العلم والثقافة الموسوعية في اوسع حدودها وازهى عصورها. حيث ياخذ ابن حبان البستي ا | The choice of the subject (Ibn Hubban methodology and sources of writing ((Al - Sira Al - Nabawiyya, and Akhbar Al - Kuhlafa'a)) is for the importance that Ibn Hubban Al - Basti. is considered one of the remarkable figures in the fourth A.H century and one of the vital vessels in religious science and encyclopedic culture of his time. Ibn Hubban Al - Basti has gotten this great importance in Islamic history because of his writings and works which were of great benefit to the past Arabic Islamic generations and are still useful for many people till now.The thesis is divided into three chapters, an introduction , and analysis of results that the researcher has reached with a list of the most important sources and references on which the researcher depends in writing the thesis , in addition to an appendix that enriches the study with some explanations The first chapter includes the history and life of Ibn Hubban Al - Busti (died in 354 A.H. /965 A.D. ) and it is subdivided into three sections.The first section deals with the history of Ibn Hubban Al - Busti , his name , surname , origin , ancestry, and his birth.We also mention something about Bust city in which he was born and grew up , the location of the city , historical importance , and its description by the historians. Then, we tackled Ibn Hubban's family, growing up, , seek for knowledge, and death. The second section includes the scientific status of Ibn Hubban and the opinion of (ulama) in his history. Ibn Hubban's journey to seek knowledge , the places he reached, people he got his knowledge from in each country are also mentioned. Finally , his works and publications are listed.The third section includes the problems that he faced , the troubles that he got through , and defense of the (ulama) for his personality. His teachers as well as his disciples are mentioned in this section. The second chapter includes the methodology of Ibn Hubban Al - Busti in his book ((Al - Sira Al - Nabawiyya and Akhbar Al - Kuhlafa'a)). This chapter is divided into two parts. The first part introduce the readers to the book , this in turn includes the title of the book, the status of his work among texts of Al - Sira Al - Nabawiyya, and the causes for writing this book. The second part contains the general organization and size, as well as explanation of the elements of the book.The third and last chapter reviews source material of ((Al - Sira Al - Nabawiyya ,and Akhbar Al - Kuhlafa'a)) and the most important narrators to whom Ibn Hubban listen to write his book. This chapter is divided into two sections. The first section includes the most significant sources of narration in Al Busti's book, Quran verses, the Hadith traditions , the poetry quotes including Prophet Mohammed's events , and the beginnings of the Islamic da'wah. The second part includes the narrators who pied coup Ibn Hubban historical stories in the book.The conclusion of the study includes our findings about Ibn Hubban Al - Busti and his biography , stories and methodology in the sira.
الملخص:
المصادر:

المشاريع والنظم الاروائية في بلاد اشور ابان العصر الاشوري الحديث 911 - 612 ق.م == The Projects And Systems 0F Irrigation In Assyria At The Neo - Assyrian Period (911 - 612 B.C)

اسم المؤلف: راكان فرج عازر ميخا الخياط
اسم المشرف: خالد سالم اسماعيل
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ القديم
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Water is one of the most important necessities of life and settlements, and its supply on a permanent basis in Mesopotamia was of concern to people and rulers alike, wherein irrigation and control of water have been nerve of life, and the extent of its development shows the degree of development of the city in any spot.Assyria, despite its reliance in agriculture, almost absolutely, on the rain, but irrigation was necessary for the settlement that it has reached an advanced degree of development, taking advantage of accumulated experience of the residents of southern Mesopotamia.This thesis studies irrigation projects during the modern Assyrian era (911 - 612 B.C.), a topic that occupies a great importance in the Assyrian field studies, which although taken by a number of studies, yet these studies often suffer from generalization and superficiality in judgments, the lack of the physical evidence and the obsoleteness of the documentation. The goal is to show two things; first is the large number of Assyrian irrigation projects such as digging canals and wells, etc., and second is the development of irrigation systems and methods in Assyria in various aspects, the spread of settlements and land investment in agriculture, thus Assyria producing its food, not depending on the submissive regions.This thesis consists of three chapters. The first has been divided into four sections, which deal with Assyria in terms of geography, agricultural and water potentials, the appropriateness of Assyria for irrigation, and the degree of influence of Babylonia on Assyria in terms of establishing irrigation projects and mentioning some details about the Assyrian experience in establishing various methods of irrigation and presentingevidence about the irrigation business of kings and rulers of the provinces.Chapter II deals with the irrigation projects in the cities of Kalhu, Imgur - Enlil (Balawat), Dur - Sharrukin, the city of Ashur, and Arbailu and the latest developments in information about these projects in addition to mentioning some details of a project that has not been known before is Imgur - Enlil (Balawat) city irrigation project.Chapter III concerns Sennacherib project to irrigate the capital of Nineveh, several aspects of which are still in need of further clarification. This chapter has been divided into six sections. The first deals with the city of Nineveh and its location and need for water.The rest of the sections relate to the stages of the project starting from the first stage of Kisiri canal to Musri mount canals, Eighteen canals, and canals of the Northern System, which include canals Malthayaa (Malti), Faida, Tarbisu, Tel - Uskof, and Khinis system stage.This study, in addition to highlighting the Assyrian expertise in the field of irrigation, has come up with results such as adding new information in several aspects, the most notable of which is the presence of irrigation project to the city of Assyrian previously unknown by researchers namely Imgur - Enlil city as this project probably dates back to the era of its founder Ashur - Nasir - Pal II(883 - 859B.C). or the reign of his son, King Shalmaneser III (858 - 824 B.C.), and considering the project of Sennacherib composed of five stages not four as previously thought, with redefining the locations of many cities such as the location of Me, Kukut and Bitura cities, and the mountains such as Tas mountain in addition to mentioning information for the first time concerning the canal Faida, its depth and its extent and newly discovered sites.
الملخص:
المصادر:

الحركات الاسلامية في العراق خلال عهد عبد السلام عارف : دراسة تاريخية == Islamic Movements In The Iraq During The Reign Of Previous President Abdulsalam Arif Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: تقى مؤيد فاضل الشيخلي
اسم المشرف: وسن سعيد عبود الكرعاوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Islamic movement got very important political , social and religious position. This thesis focused on the role of Islamic movement which occupied high - ranking place in its history that practiced dangerous roles affected in the movements, making events and positions via its instructions and formal legal opinions issued in different times played decisive role in the events and occurrences. Accordingly the research was selected for many reasons : - 1. Ignoring those movements upon academic studies level which were specified for many topics, perhaps because of main reason of severe control imposed by previous governments upon those studies. 2. This thesis concentrate on explaining Iraqi real position of Islamic approximation experienced by the people due to enlightenment spiritual leadership of these movements confronted all sectarian aspects and focused on finding correct foundations built on equality , justice and confront the mistakes of previous governments by all possible means and approaches. Therefore it is an attempt to animate Islamic movements history that found correct solutions and treatments useful for our status que.3. Focusing the light upon the role of Islamic movements at reign of previous president Abdulsalam Arif will enable us to analyze the reasons which are behind religious , political , cultural and reforming achievements and influence of these movements in living of Iraqi people to reflect clear prospective and vision about the qualification of Islamic movements in employing its religious position to direct the 4. nation and activate the events. Accordingly we devote great attention upon the study of Islamic movements which comes under the title " Islamic movements in Iraq during the reign of previous president Abdulsalam Arif - Historical study ".The thesis included preface , four chapters with introduction and conclusion. Preface was under the title of " Islamic movements - Study of the concept and modern beginning" as historical view of intellectual , social and religious real situation which helped in developing political awareness at Islamic movements in Iraq.First chapter was dealing with (( organizational structure of reformatory Islamic movements during the reign of previous president Abdulsalam Arif )) which focus on beginning of these movements , their objectives , its organizational structures , principles and method that followed. The second chapter was under the title of " organizational structure of alteration Islamic movements during the reign of previous president Abdulsalam Arif ". This chapter was specified for studying the beginning of alteration Islamic movements , their objectives , its organizational structures , principles and method that applied. Third chapter was under the title of " the position of Islamic movements from the procedures taken by Abdulsalam Arif "focusing upon the situation experienced by Islamic movements during the reign of previous president Abdulsalam Arif since its participation in coup of 8th February till the accusation case of Abdulsalam Arif for following sectarian approach. Chapter four was under the title of " the position of Islamic movements from national & external cases" included some topics expressed position of Islamic movements from Kurdish case and external cases till the death of Abdulsalam Arif and prosperity of Islamic movements.The thesis depended upon different group of published and unpublished documents , academic thesis , dissertations Arabic books , Arabist, foreign , manuscripts and encyclopedia which covered the period of the subject. The ultimate goal of the researcher is that she has succeeded in her task in order to regard such humble efforts useful step focusing upon an important page of Iraqi modern history.
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المصادر:

اتحاد جامعة الدول الامريكية 1933 - 1948 : دراسة تاريخية == Pan - American Union (3311 - 3391) : A Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: خالد عبد نمال حوران
اسم المشرف: حسن علي سبتي الفتلاوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The topic of Pan American Union (1311 - 1391) is considered as one of the most important topics in the American history in general and in the history of the United States in particular for its distinguished role in the American Unity. The American regional order appeared as an ambition and as a high example in 1181, but its transformation into an agency that represents all the republics of the western hemisphere began in 1113 when the first international conference was held for the United States in Washington, while the last stage of its development was in 1391 when the charter of the organization of the American States was signed in Bogot?. The thesis is divided into an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter dealt with the development of the idea and the function of Pan American Union until 1311. The second chapter was dedicated for the study of the United States' exploit of Pan American Union for the purpose of dominating the neighborhood. The third chapter traced the development of Pan American Union's attitudes towards the regional and the international developments during second World War (1313 - 1391). The fourth chapter focused on the development of the Union's attitudes and its regional and international attitude after second World War till1391. The study was based on various sources and arrived at some findings that can be briefed as follows : - The establishment of Pan American Union was entirely as a response to the need for facing the aggression threat from outside and search for an alternative for intervention from one side, i.e, United States of America. Although the American joint action in the western hemisphere began late in 13th century with the establishment of a commercial office for information broadcast concerning commercial exchange and customs legislation among Latin America countries conference as a result of holding the first conference in Washington (8,November 1113 - 3,April 1131) had helped the declaration of what is called the "Pan American Union "among the American States at he conclusion of the proceedings of the American conference held in Buenos Aires (18 July - 11 August 1311). - With the inauguration of Franklin Roosevelt as president of the United States of America in 1311 and announcing that he would follow a good neighbor policy and non - interference in other countries, affairs in the western hemisphere, the road was open for the transformation of a unilateral commitment of the United States of America intoa joint commitment of the United States as a whole, especially with the approach of second World War. - In July 1391, the council of ministers of foreign affairs of American States decided in a meeting in Havana considering an aggression directed from any non - American state against any American states as an aggression against all the American states. - The Pan American Union, for another time, in its conference held in Mexico in 1391 emphasized on the principle of collective security. - In 1391, the United States put their obligation of mutual assistance and consultation in case of aggression in a cultural framework under Rio treaty of mutual assistance. - The organization of American States was founded in 1391in the 3th conference in Bogot? and its exercise was affected by this framework in which it found the principles and the objectives of the organization American States
الملخص:
المصادر:

محمود فوزي ودوره الدبلوماسي والسياسي في مصر حتى عام 1974 == Mahmoud Fawzi And His Diplomatic And Political Role In Egypt Until 1974

اسم المؤلف: ياسمين محمود عبد جاسم
اسم المشرف: نادية ياسين عبد
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This thesis studied the diplomat and political figure Dr. Mahmoud Fawzi, who is considered one of the most prominent Egyptian figures. Many reasons stood behind choosing this subject, the character of Dr. Mahmoud Fawzi , that he was an experienced brilliant diplomat and assumed many diplomatic posts in a number of Egyptian embassies in many countries around the world starting from his work at the Egyptian consulate in Rome and being the Egypt delegate at the United Nations body during the government of Fahmi Nuqrashi in a very critical period, namely the period of issuance of the decision of partitioning Palestine. In addition, Mahmoud Fawzi was appointed to be the first foreign minister of Egypt after the revolution of July 23, 1952 in the era of Jamal Abdel Nasser. The thesis has been divided into three chapters, the first chapter was titled ((Mahmoud Fawzi and his diplomatic role until 1952)) wherein the first section touched upon the life and upbringing of Mahmoud Fawzi and the second section dealt with the diplomatic role of Mahmoud Fawzi and his support for the Palestinian cause through his work in the Egyptian diplomatic corps and his appointment as a consul in Al - Quds during the years 1941 - 1944. The third section revealed Mahmoud Fawzi’s efforts as the representative of Egypt to the United Nations Commission from 1946 to 1949. The second chapter which was titled ((political role of Mahmoud Fawzi in the era of President Jamal Abdel Nasser (1952 - 1970) )) showed Mahmoud Fawzi’s role in the British - Egyptian negotiations on 19 October 1954, and the role of Mahmoud Fawzi in Egypt's Foreign policy vital issues in 1955 , starting form Banthung Conference to strike the Egyptian - Czechoslovakian arms deal. This chapter also touched on the role of Mahmoud Fawzi in facing the Suez crisis and the triple aggression against Egypt in 1956, and his activity during the years 1958 - 1969 through his efforts in the defense of Arab causes. The third chapter was titled (the political role of Dr. Mahmoud Fawzi during the reign of Anwar As - Sadat in 1970 until 1974), which focused on the political activity of Mahmoud Fawzi during his assumption of the post of Prime Minister of Egypt for the years 1970 to 1972, and then a vice president from 1972 to 1974.The study, at the end, reached at many conclusions, where Mahmoud Fawzi was distinguished at that he had a philosophy in diplomacy and life, and has derived his philosophy in meditation and its features were crystallized and clarified in his mind when he spent years in Japan. There he found an opportunity for reflection, planning, work and success and learned from the Japanese things which left their effects on the features of his character.The work of Mahmoud Fawzi, as a representative of Egypt to the United Nations Commission after the year 1946, had an impact in the refinement of his political personality in particular it was in a very critical period, namely the period of issuance of the partitioning of Palestine's resolution as he made the best of his efforts and cooperated with the Arab delegations to stand against its issuance and even after the partitioning resolution he continued his efforts to prevent the implementation of that resolution. The real fame of Mahmoud Fawzi began in the wake of the revolution of July 23, 1952, as the Egyptian Foreign Ministry was assigned to him. He left a good impact in the field of foreign policy that his fingerprints were clear in signing the British evacuation of Egypt Convention, which is considered the first political experience for him when he was a foreign minister. He also had a role in the management of the Suez crisis in 1956, that he had a role in the conviction of the tripartite aggression against Egypt in the United Nations headquarters, which precipitated the defeat of aggression. Mahmoud Fawzi’s efforts in the headquarters of the United Nations, during the June war in1967, had an impact in confronting the Israeli tide in the corridors of the United Nations and came out with the best of what could be done in such circumstances, that is a decision No. 242, which provided for not allowing the occupation of territories by force, and forced Israel to withdraw from the territories it occupied after June 5. By virtue of the brilliance of Mahmoud Fawzi he was dubbed the "Egyptian politics engineer," despite the fact that his work in the foreign policy was basically executive not only because of Jamal Abdel Nasser’s dominant character, but also because of convictions of Mahmoud Fawzi, by virtue of the nature of his diplomatic character.The executive nature of Mahmoud Fawzi’ character in the world of politics appears more clearly in the era of Anwar As - Sadat during his assumption of the post of prime minister and then a vice president. He had a role in the implementation of As - Sadat’s vision of Egypt's domestic and foreign policy alike
الملخص:
المصادر:

معاوية بن حديج الكندي : دراسة تاريخية == Mu’Awiya Ben Hudaij Al - Kindey (A Historical Study)

اسم المؤلف: هيفاء عليوي محيسن الساعدي
اسم المشرف: خلود مسافر نعمة الجنابي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The character of Mu’awiya ben Hudaij AL - Kinddey is one of those characters who took an important space as far as the historical events in the Islamic arena during the Radhie and Umayyad epochs are concerned. In spite of being one of the leaders who assumed the mission of conquering Egypt and Africa.He was the front most defender of the third caliph Othman ben Affan (Allah be pleased Him) in histroubles. He took the issue of avenging the death of Othman as he was one of his followers in Egypt. One of the reasons that motivated me to choose Mu’awiya ben Hudaij AL - Kinddey because he had a great space that deserve meditation. His family and tribe had a role in the events as well as his grandchildren andsonsafter him through assuming adimintrative positions. I have faced a problem in speaking about Mu’awiya ben Hudaij AL - Kinddey because of the rarity of the sources speaking about his, specially his birth and the information pertaining to his. The thesis is divided into three chapters preceded by an introduction and followed by a Conclusion. Chapter One details the political situation of the age in which Mu’awiya ben Hudaij AL - Kinddey lived through posing the political events the most important of which are : the Apostasy Movement, the Camel battle and the trouble that led to the slaying of Othman ben Affan, the Outlaws and the appearance of their movement. Chapter Two deals with the biography of Mu’awiya ben Hudaij AL - Kinddey mentioning his name, nickname, geneology, life, companion and grandson with his attitude towards the family of Prophet (Peace be upon them), mentioning his attiude towards the murder of hajribnAdday Al - Kenddy. Chapter Three studies the military battles which Mu’awiya ben Hudaij AL - Kinddey has gone in the Rashdie Orthodox era and his conquest of Africa and role in killing in Mohammed ben abiBakr. The Conclusion includes the most important findings of the study.
الملخص:
المصادر:

اسقاط الجنسية عن يهود العراق 1950 == The Law Of Deprivation Of Citizenship For Jews Of Iraq In 1950

اسم المؤلف: هناء سلمان عباس
اسم المشرف: حيدر حميد رشيد
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The law of deprivation of citizenship for Jews of Iraq in 1950Iraq form since ancient times, especially in Jewish thinking about the importance, as Iraq counting at the forefront of Arab countries that draw borders of (Greater Israel) from the Nile to the Euphrates, and this shows clearly when the Jews pointed out in the Bible (Genesis) by saying : "In that day the Lord made a covenant with Abraham, saying, to your generation I give this land, from the river of Egypt to the great river Euphrates River.After the appearance of Zionism term and turn it to the political movement into the late nineteenth century by the efforts of Theodor Herzl, the founder of this movement was its main objective the return of the Jews to the Promised Land, and in particular that Herzl found that the Jews still Spread in different communities was more like isolation, that were not negative, and it has to be their presence on the land of an independent grouping respondents, are held where the alleged Jewish state, Palestine was the best solution for that.The research of the Jewish immigration in Iraq remains far and short of the overall image and reality without viewing it from different Aspects, and for the purpose of knowledge of the different aspects, as well as put it in the historical and objective framework which is required. the research is distributed into an introduction , four chapters and a conclusion, the first chapter turning on the Jews' political, economic, social and cultural role in Iraq 1921 - 1950.The second chapter deals with the Zionist activity in Iraq and its impact on the migration of the Jews of Iraq, 1920 - 1950.The third chapter was entitled (internal and external factors and their impact on the migration of the Jews of Iraq).Chapter four is covered all matters relating to the issuance of law of deprivation of citizenship for Jews of Iraq in 1950.The researcher reached the following results : 1. Jewish community has enjoyed by the stability and confidence in the center of the Iraqi society for more than 3,000 years, and this stability has continued until the beginning of this century.2. The Zionist activity in Iraq has diminished during the era of independence, which abated in various areas of Zionism, and turned into the secret work.3. The Iraq - British war and the subsequent events of Farhood, a new stage of Zionist 's activity.4. The Zionist activity in Iraq during this period focused its efforts on education and rehabilitation of Jewish culture and Zionist qualified, and trained to use weapons to displace them to Palestine to contribute to the establishment of a Jewish national home.5. Soldiers as it was in the Jewish battalion served in the British forces in Iraq, an effective and important impact in the Zionist movement activities secret.6. And it is clear from the foregoing that the Jewish community forced to go out of their homeland and it is not the bring down of the Nationality Law is the one who forced her to immigration.However, the Iraqi government bears part of the responsibility for the immigration of Jews because they have not been involved in their displacement but because it did not prevent their exit, while knowing the risks of their exit towards Palestine.As for the Jewish community are not helpless where there have been terrorist attacks and anti - media campaigns and is intended to undermine this community and force it to emigrate. And the Orbiter to the stages of the migration notes that the migration of this community was without conviction and forced them Proof of this simple setup that recorded after the issuance of the immigration law. However, this community bears part of the responsibility, to the penetration of Zionist activity in the center of a number of its members, but the vast majority were forced to emigrate
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المصادر:

ال الاشعث وموقفهم من اهل البيت (عليهم السلام) == The Al - A'Shath And Their Position On The Ahlubayt

اسم المؤلف: نور ضياء جعفر
اسم المشرف: خضر عبد الرضا جاسم الخفاجي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: In this study reviewed the Al - A'shath and attitude of the people of the house of the prophet Muhammad , peace be upon them all has been shown through the study the following results : - - That the Al - A'shath bin Qais Canadian due to the descent to the tribe of kinda the Al - A'shath leader of his people and their m aster. - The Al - A'shath bin Qais of the leading entrants to the prophet Muhammad , Peace be upon him and his family from the tribe of kinda. - Al - A'shath bin Qias attempt to prophet Muhammad , Peace be upon him and his family attributed to him to eat bran murar so based on a grandfather prophet Muhammed , peace be upon him and his family , but the apostle replied in response to a beautiful and told him that he be longs to parents , not to moms. - The Al - A'shath was the most prominent apostate after the death of prophet Muhammad , may Allah bless him and his family and his people reflect on the inability of faith in God and the reflect on the inability of faith in God and the prophet of them. - The concepts of tribalism and ignorance are in control of the Al - A'shath and the main motivation for their actions towards Ahlulbayt. - Al - A'shath is the son of Qais from affiliates of companions of Imam Ali , Peace be upon him and his Loyalists , however, he sought to undermine the effort forward because of jealousy and Guelleh. - The Al - A'shath prominent standing next to arbitration and insisted on choosing A Sh'ari who still potent in addressing Amr Ibn al - As result of this non thoughtful choice there were serious consequences led to the emergence of the Kharijites and held state Arab - Islamic days succession of Imam Ali , peace be upon him to internal conflicts and tent consequences. - Taking envy and rancor of Al - A'shath bin Qais to heart as big shares in mamra to participate in the killing of Imam Ali , Peace be upon him by the son mg. - In addition to the deviations of the Al - A'shath what I did crumple girl Al - A'shath against Imam Hassan Peace be upon him , where toatet with his enemies to get back at him and was able to call it that betrays Jehodha for ward Hassan peace be upon him and hide in the same from him the ball. - The machinations of the Al - A'shath did not stop at this point , the descent improper arises atomic corrupt moving on perdecessors approach to the hostility of the people of the house was both Mohammed and Qais son Al - A'shath negative role in the revolution of Imam Hussein , Peace be upon him which was the first victim Ambassador of Imam Hussein and his cousin Muslim bin Ageel and then after hi, Imam Hussein peace be upon him he became a target. - Al - A'shath were the sons of those participated in the fighting of Imam Hussein , peace and robbed him and who took part in the procession to the Levant where stepper Cano of carrying warheads dishonest Fajlalon cursed history. - Was the Al - A'shath bin Qais wake Amtazoa ptqrabhm Strain of the pure Imams Ahlulbayt likes of Imam Al Sadiq and Al Kadhim and Al Raza peace be upon them result in chiahm their followers and people of the house they approach the peace. - Influenced by Jaafar bin Mohammed bin Al - A'shath Imam Jaafer Al Sadiq and Imam Al Kadhim peace be upon them. - Taking Mohammed bin Mohammed bin Al - A'shath on his shoulder novel conversations people of the house known paljlaat which is transmitted from the people of the house exclusively. - It was Abbas bin Jaafar bin Mohammed bin Al - A'shath contact Imam Raza peace be upon him.
الملخص:
المصادر:

ايران في عهد الشاه سلطان حسين (1694 - 1722م) == Iran In The Period Of Shah Sultan Hussein,S Reign ( 1694 - 1722 A. D.)

اسم المؤلف: نهلة نعيم عبد العالي ال بطي
اسم المشرف: سميرة عبد الرزاق عبد الله العاني
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Safavid state was formed of Turkumans Toides which known as Aelkezlba and inspite of the hard mysterious situations and accomapanying events that the state came through include the intermittent conflicts with the nighabours states such as oHomanic state which the main reason of conflect between them was the secaterian difference.but the safavid state had kept it,s power somehow specifically in age of first shah - Abas.but after while the state started to fall apart gradually by the age of first shah - Abas. During this time safavid state had seen social and economic problems led it goes down gradually,all this problems due to the first Abas shah because deliberately he killed princes of Safavid fimily ,this scene has been reflected on the desting of de Safavid state and it,s policy later on. When shah safi took the throne he has followed abloody policies later on had created lots of problems and had lost many lands used to be important and strategic for Safavid state. The second factor was the administrative system dispite the different foundations of Safavid,s state it has los it,s efficiency in performance as well as the rulers started. chacing to reach jobs and Salaries ,since the shah was spineless and driven as well as surround by foreign consoltants who did not give him the opportunity to choose snitable cadres to ful fill management positions dep on the former corruptor officers though. The only trouble that been faced by Safavid state was rip.and rivalry between officials,chairmen and rulers though its been clear that these factors drove the state to fall apart soon , as well as they became tax collectors. During the previous factors, arich class had been fromd and negatively affected the society, conflects it was not expected in these situations , to make workhose case for the foundations of safavid state.because these foundations have closed the Gates Upon all people , and became open just for people of benefits.That’s why management, jobs have been baugh, soch as well as money and fortune have always been inhirited infact its due to internal System instability which let the military foundation to be week and powerless after it was the core of Safavid,s state to face all conflects,s parts first Sha - Abas has formed military forces aims to find alteratives for the ancient foundation which has been ruled by Ael kezlbah to make it weak not to cancel It ,as well as this army was completely different than previous ones, Aftermath, Gorgies have poped up and showed these nations later on after weakness of loiality creed for shah and the state. According to this the foundation of religion has faced many changes.and replacements.with in the last years of safavids.Government, as well as religion,s entTiy was correlated to the political and Social situating to circuamstances, Though by this way the destiny of safavids state and its collapse have been the main reason religion entcty collapas. According to this we can figureout the factors of weakness which the safavids state had faced after long age of power either these factors wer characterized in the recipes of shah , leaders or curriculum.Though , Its been clear that the factors of weakness are more specially the character of shah.because shah wasn,t pwerfull authority and able to rule the state with specifications thate.in d time full of events ,conspiracies and internal revolutions, as well as since economic situations.which affected the social and political status, which the outcomes and resources - of commerce became so weak and few.Way the total responsibility of state collapse can not be on the head of shah sultan Husain.because in contrast between his age and ages before him we can find that.who social and conomic problems that state has faced belong to, ruled before him specially, shah suliman , as well as the chargcs against shah sultan Husain have been proved in this study ,that.The main reason of disintergration that happened to the community due to the shah first Abas who delebarately killd the princes of safavids family.
الملخص:
المصادر:

موارد سبط بن العجمي (ت884هـ/1479م) ومنهجه في كتابه كنوز الذهب في تاريخ حلب == Ibn Al - Ajmi Tribe Of Resources (D. 884 AH / 1479 AD) And His Method In His Book The Treasures Of Gold In The History Of Aleppo

اسم المؤلف: نعمة شكر محمود علي الجبوري
اسم المشرف: نعمة شهاب جمعة اليوسف
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: From the former exposition of references and methodology of the author and what is related to it, It could have concluded the most important matters on which " Subt Ibn Al - Ajmi" paid huge concern in his Book " Kinuz Al - Thahab Fi Tarikh Halib" ( Treasures of Gold in the History of Aleppo). I could have concluded it in the following : The Book over mentioned is actually local encyclopedic composition and the author has divided it into two parts , in the 1st part, he planned for Aleppo during the period he has lived , while the 2nd part includes incidents and deaths during the period he contemporized. The author hugely concerned over mentioning references of his information either taken from an individual or from men of religion or doctrine or sect. He paid much attention on varying his methods as to get to the information from its sources as reading, listening and questions. He also has concerned over utterances and methods indicating to the contemporary and has given strength and reliability for his narrations. He did not cease at exposing and showing his narrations and information, but actually he mentioned many sources for the information and balanced between these narrations; besides always choosing the right one. The author is a skillful critic and being accurate in his narrations and writings. He relied on commitment that being considered as an indication for his concern on documentation. The author has bases and laws to accept narrations or refused them or to strengthen or weaken them. He cared to specify the narrator whom he took from, by showing that he descends from a specific country or from a definite doctrine. His text in many places and this indicated that he documented everything. Moreover, he interested the former studies and authors, asking for summary. He got back to books of history, wrote dates and news in addition to writing kinships, translations and poetry. This is indicated that he is prolific and varied in all domains. The author depends on the narrations preserved from the written narrations; he explained some maters and details concerning with the information.
الملخص:
المصادر:

صبري العسلي ودوره السياسي في سورية (1903 - 1958) == Sabri Al - Asali And His Political Role In Syria (1903 - 1958)

اسم المؤلف: نسرين فيصل داود
اسم المشرف: ظاهر محمد صكر الحسناوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Many authors and researchers shed their attention on the history of Syria , which passed through significant events which had a huge effect in the history of the Arab Homeless therefore , The history of Syria was studied from all sides , especially by Syrian researchers in particular , and Arab researchers in general. However , there are characters which have great role in the events which Syria passed through , and which have not studied and highlighted objectively. Regardless of the roles and positions taken by those characters m but they have become of great significant , which the researcher cannot ignore them without concentrating on those characters , especially outside Syria m because the political situations in Syria were reflected on many researchers m who were not objective in their judgments on those characters we have mentioned , nad it was necessary to study the policy which sabri al - asali adopted in the history of Syria and its effect on the course of events , whether in Syria or the Arab surrounding. The character of sabri Al - asali represented an influential axis in the course of the politic vents not only in Syria , but also in the Arab area , nudging his attitude on the triple charter , Beside his outstanding role in revealing the murderers of Adnan Al Maliki. Which the western countries were responsible for is murder. Beside his role in the issue of suez and the support of Syria to Egypt in this serious issue , respite the warning of the western countries to Syria to participate , still Sabri Al - asali declared that Syria would support Egypt. The thesis aims to study the life of Sabri Al - asali and his prominent political activities the history of Syria , through reviewing his upbringing life , and emergence the course of events his implementing many actions on the internal and external veils and his attitudes about the serious and multiple rab issues. The thesis consists of an introduction , our chapters and a conclusion , The first chapter discuss the origion of the family of Sabri Al - asali , his life activities his attributes and the start of his political activity through the great Syrian revolution in 1925 against the French occupation and joining the rationalist Action league , then joining the national block m and contributing in the elections of 1943 , the contributing in the Syrian ministries , especially minis interior. In the second ministry of fares Al - khoury in 1945 a minister of justice in the third ministry of fares Al - khoury in 1945 , then as aminister of interior once again in 1946 in the ministry of daadallah Al - jabr then joining the national party to become asecretary in 1947 , and his participating in the ministry of Jamil Mardam in 1948 , and the attitude of the National party from the coup of Hosni AL - Zaeem , also the attitude of the National party from the coup of sami AL - Hinawi in 1949. The second chapter deals with the attitude of al - Asali from the combination of 1950 and his attitude from the Ministry of the people‘s party , also the combination of his first ministry in 1954. AL - Asali role in the Arab - syrian relationships, Handling the Internal proticipation in the elections of the minisry of Saeed AL - Ggazzi. As well as the third chapter deals with studying the second ministry of Sabri AL - Asali in 1955, and the position of the ministry from the international alliances, The Internat policy of the ministry ,The Amenric and Bmerican and pressures, on the government of AL - Asali ؛ The Egyptian Support to the attitude of Syria from Baghdad pact and AL - Maliki alliance, Sabri AL - Asali had a role in prosecuting the murders of Adnan AL - Moliki, and the resignation of the ministry. The fourth chapter traces the third ministry of Sabri AL - Asali in 1956, Nehru and Shbelor in Damascus, The Approach of the third ASalian Ministry, The actirity from the internal disagreements in the Military Institution, The Syrian attitude from the nationalization of the Suez canal the ministry and the development of events in the middle east the aggravation of the third ministry in 1975 the attitude of the ministry from Eisenhower doctrine ,new development In The Syrian - Egyptian Relationships New Development To The Iraq - Syrian Relationships Development of The internal Situation in Syria , The Israeli - Arab Conflict ,The Policy of Positive Neutrality , the Deterioration of Relationships With The Arab - Gorden - Iraq - Egypt and Syria Al - Asali as Advice president to the Unity State , The Resignation of Al - Asali and his quitting The political life.
الملخص:
المصادر:

الادباء ودورهم الاجتماعي في العصر العباسي في القرنين الرابع والخامس الهجريين == Literati And Their Social Role In Abbasid Age At Fourth And Fifth Hijri Centuries

اسم المؤلف: ندى محمد عزيز
اسم المشرف: عبد الكريم عز الدين صادق الاعرجي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study has specified on literati s and their social role in Abbasid age at fourth and fifth Hijri centuries , and it is historical and social study that reveals the different phases of their daily and personal life and its influences on Islamic community in general. The study stands on selective models of the most famous with wide reputation in Iraq and east Islamic states and Levant through the period of this study , who are so famous with their specific literatures , the dignity of their ranks and highness of their values, the study reveals their special position on writing poetry and editing wonderful discourses, and they have succeeded in the field of satisfied and acceptable dealing and correct guide with organized phrases and selective words.There are many reasons to study this thesis which are the close attach with humanitarian activities of nowadays society and another reason most of studies that dealing with Abbasid age in fourth and fifth centuries focused on the political and social upheavals that are likely to lead to disturbances and bloody conflicts and the social life of articles didn’t get enough study with only just few spots on their studies.This study implies three chapters starts with introduction and ends with conclusion and contains concluded results of thesis, and confirmed by main resources and references that are relied on this study.The chapter one contains “The community composition of literati s” that involves three sections , the first section reveals graces and sectarians which are the literati s belonged in, which are Arabic , Persian , Turkish and Romanian. The second section refers to the religious origin of literati which involves the Jewish , Christina , Sabean literati s and their influences on community, the third section deals with careers and crafts of literati which are coats and priories , writer , papermakers, teachers , doctors , businessmen and public career and craft.The second chapter deals with social traditions of literati and includes three sections, first section involves the clothes and their kinds and classes , the second section involves the eating behaviors and foods and drinks , the third section deals with social activities of literati and first one is about family life in affiance marital contract and child education and divorces of literati ,and also included the ceremonies and vacation in Ramadan month and Al - fitir Eid and Adhha Eid and Persian new Year's Day Destival day. The third chapter displays the (living life of literati) which included three sections , the section one is about the study of living life level of literati represnent by special , public and poor ranks, while the section two talks about the social moral of literati that includes the praise and indignity moral, the third section specified with social meetings that include the private and public literati’s meeting , and speaks about the method of entertainment such sports that restricted by chess , nerd and animal , and all the all success came from Allah
الملخص:
المصادر:

حزب الاتحاد الوطني السوداني الافريقي " سانو" (1958 - 1972) : دراسة تاريخية == National Union Of Sudan African Party ((Sano)) (1958 - 1972) (Historical Study)

اسم المؤلف: ندى حسين علي حمد الجبوري
اسم المشرف: منتهى طالب سلمان
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Founded in southern Sudan, a number of political parties during the era of the fifties of the twentieth century was for each of its programs and activities and weight in Sudanese society and its influence in political life and was Among the most important of these parties (the Patriotic Union of Sudan African Party)(Sano), who played a major key role in Silver South Sudan. The importance of this study is to analyze addressed to the ideas and activities of th party And his calls to demand for autonomy for the south Ensure that the first chapter (political transformations in Sudan until 1958)The second chapter is titled (National Union of Sudan African Party and the position of the military government of it until the year 1964) The reasons for determining the subject in the period between (1958 - 1972) where 1958 is the year of the signs of either party establishment in 1972, the year in which the party was able to achieve its goals in South Sudan to get on autonomy.1 - How did Ibrahim Abboud policy problem in South Sudan ? 2 - What is the role of the party (Sano) in the round - table conference in 1965?The third chapter was titledhe fourth chapte (National Union of Sudan African Party Sano civilian government until 1969) T r entitled the National Union of Sudan African Party Sano second military rule 1969. Influenced Ibrahim Abboud's policy towards the problem of southern Sudan through the end the parliamentary system in the country and his arbitrary policy in southern Sudan led to the migration of many intellectuals and southern parliamentarians to neighboring countries and founded a number of organizations and associations and parties such as the Christian Association of Sudan, which turned out to be the Patriotic Union of Sudanese regions Party sealed which turn to the Union National Party Sudanese and African (Sano).Sano Party has led a major role in the Round Table Conference in 1965, especially after the defections, which affected the party between William Deng and Agheri serious and was on its impact on the party split into two wings moderate wing led by William Deng, who called for a federal system between the north and south wing extremist led by Agheri serious which called for the secession of southern Sudan from the north was like two wings Sano Party delegation In Roundtable Conference
الملخص:
المصادر:

النساء في كتاب الطبقات الكبرى لابن سعد (ت230هـ/844م) : دراسة تحليلية == The Women In The Tabaqaat Al - Kubraa By Ibn Saad (D. 230/844 AC) Analytical Study

اسم المؤلف: جلاء عبد الكريم خليفة
اسم المشرف: عبد الكريم عز الدين صادق الاعرجي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The book of tabaqaat Al - Kubraa by the author Ibn Saad (D. 230 A.H/844 AC) is one of the pride of Muslims which was composed the early movement which was in the process of authorship of the Islamic Arabic history (themes). What increases the importance of this book is the author’s (Mohammed ben Saad 230 AH/844 AC)ability to collect data and referring them to their source. The author cared for women to a great extent and detailed their lives and revealed all the aspects of their scientific, social and economic lives in addition the political and miliarty aspects. He consecrated a section entitled “Tabaqaat Al - Nissa.” The above has motivated to study of women which is regarded as the oldest documentation from the heritage. The necessity required to divide the study into three sections which include many chapters. It includes an introduction and a conclusion and a list and modern references. The first section : tackles the methodology of Ibn Saad (230/844 AC) ad his resources in tabaqaat books includes four chapters : Chapter one is a concentrated in the age of Ibn Saad in many aspects which characterize the Abbasid Caliphate during the period in which Ibn Saad had lived. Chapter Two includes two inquiries; the first is about the biography of the authors his name, nickname and surname and then birth and features and finally his death. While second is concerned with his scientific vitae starting from his travels seeking knowledge and his sheikhs and disciples and finally his writings. Chapter Three tackles the methodology of ibn Saad and resources in Tabaqaat Al - Kubra. Chapter Four tackles the methodology of ibn Saad in tabaqaat Al - Nisaa in five inquiries : the first inquiry tackles the basis of arrangement of Tabaqaat Al - Nisaa, the second tackles the scientific vitae of the women, the third tackles the methodology features of tabaqaat Al - Nisaa and the fifth tackles the sources of tabaqaat Al - Nisaa. The second section is devoted to the study of the women’s efforts in the book of Tabaqaat Al - Kubra in five chapters : the first chapter is devoted to the study of the sources of women culture in the era of mission; while the direct the narration of prophet Mohammed (PBUH), the third tackles the narrations about the prophet (PBUH) and other women and men in that age. Chapter Four is devoted to the study of the role of women in the service of historical narrations.The Third Section is a detailed study of the lives of women in general in Tabaqaat Al - Kubraa including three chapters; the first includes a comprehensive study if the social life of women. The second includes a study of the role of women in the call of Allah and the projection of religious, and the third chapter tackles themiliatry and political role of women through the following themes : the political attitudes of women and the proximateness of women to men in the attacks and wars.The study entitled “The Women in the tabaqaat Al - Kubraa by ibn Saad (D. 230/844 AC)” comes up to many findings such as : 1 - The book of Tabaqaat Al - Kubraais considered as a huge encyclopedia that includes the various aspects of life whethercultural, intellectual, social and economic and constructional.2 - The study gives an analytical perspective of the high ability of ibn Saad to criticize the texts concerning each character and employing them in the biography study. The biography appears complete from birth to death. 3 - The study showed the ability of Ibn Saad to understand the movement of Islamic history starting from the prophetic era for two centuries. 4 - The study proved the diligence of women to get knowledge of religion from their original sources.5 - Women were characterized form men in the era of mission in a high degree of accuracy and scientific honesty in the conveyance of the hadiths and the honorable prophet tradition in addition to being trustworthy in their narrations about the prophet (Peace be upon him). 6 - The book of tabaqaat Al - Kubraa has rendered a sublime service to the science of hadith and Sunna through the exposure of in addition to what Ibn Saad had added. Thus, the structure of the hadith has become complete. 7 - The study showed through the text which was mentioned by Ibn Saad in the era of mission the status of women and their features like honesty, integrity, bravery and frugality.In the end I wish I have been successful in conveying a clear picture about women in all the aspects of their cultural, scientific, social and economic and political lives according to the narrations of Ibn Saad that express his wide knowledge and his methodology and style.
الملخص:
المصادر:

يهود الفلاشا في اثيوبيا (1950 - 1991) : دراسة تاريخية == The Flasha Jewish (1950 - 1991) Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: ميرفت عبد الكاظم ياسين العامري
اسم المشرف: احسان علي حسين الشمري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Jewish encyclopedia defines the “Ethiopia Flasha Jewish” as troupe descending from Jewish origin , related to one of religion Jewish classes based on old era and external books “bookriva” (the undependable book and other religious books which appeared after the finish of old era record , after appearing the Zionism movement , the attention of Jewish of denomination throughout of World in order to gather it Zionists movement , hence it becomes necessary to study these denominations ,then recognize and identifies their situations and their political , economic and social rule. whereas attraction of Flasha Jewish improve its reputation which characterized , somewhat , by racism.The study divided into introduction ,three chapters and conclusion. the first chapter deals with the naming , historical origin of Flasha Jewish of its correlation with Zionists movement until 1948 , in section one is about naming and geographical distribution in Ethiopia , section two is about historical origin of Flasha Jewish and migration to Ethiopia , while the section three is about Flasha Jewish and its correlation with Zionists movement until 1948.The second chapter deals with social symbols and economic and political activity of Flasha Jewish in Ethiopia , in section one is about doctrines , traditions and folklore of Flasha Jewish. Section two talks about economic and political activity of Ethiopia Flasha Jewish in Ethiopia. While section three bout the prolegomenon of migration in Ethiopia to Israel (1977 - 1950). The third chapter deals with Flasha Jewish in Ethiopia and their relationship with Israel (1990 - 1977). in section one is the growth of Israel immigration (1990 - 1980). section two is the economic and social activity - the economic and military activity , the third chapter is the thought of return condition and reverse migration.Conclusion 1. Religious believes : they don’t belief of Talmud.only belief in external Asfar 2. There is no political rule for Flasha Jewish in Ethiopia as being oppressed minority and semi - restricted socially.3. Economically and socially : the Flasha Community is isolated one , the economic rule of Flash don’t exceed the agricultural rule , they are tribal community , most of them practicing agriculture as farmer , also working on crafts like making cracks and spinning ,which considers as scornful crafts for Ethiopic.4. The thesis reveals the Zionist organization activity : in addition to Jewish agency that works beside United States , by making contracts with Ethiopic government and working to convince Flasha Jewish to migrate to Israel.5. Flasha Jewish in the other hand are scornful and can’t get respected occupations in society , those people realized that promised land is not milk and honey , obviously the Flasha Jewish civilians is third degree in military fields which pushes them to think about return and reversed migration
الملخص:
المصادر:

حزب الشورى والاستقلال في المغرب الاقصى 1946 - 1962 == Al - Shoura( Consultative And Independence Party In Far Morocco (1946 - 1962)

اسم المؤلف: منى عبد الكريم شريف
اسم المشرف: عبد الله حميد مرزوك حسين العتابي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The history of Maghreb countries remains in general and history of the Morocco kingdom in particular is in need of more academic study and research for its topics richness, the Arabic Maghreb is the only which maintains its independence and sovereignty across history and did not subjected to any foreign occupation including the Ottoman occupation which controlled all a parts of the Arabic homeland for four century with the exclusion of the French and Spanish protection lasted for forty four years from(1912 - 1956). The Morocco adopted the Moroccan thought in its modern history since early time back to the beginning of the twentieth of the twenty century, where the Moroccan political parties are constitutes represented by national necessity conditioned by the struggle circumstances against the colonist for liberation and restore the national sovereignty, and Al - Shoura( consultative and independence party in far morocco was one of these oldest political parties in Morocco where the party is established at the time of constitution of the independence party in 1944 by laeder Mohammed Hasan Al - Wazani and Al - shora and independence party performed an essential role in the national movement and it was constituted a nerve of this movement with the independence party in morocco.Al - shora and the independence party is considered one of the opponent political parties in Al - Maghreb, as for extending the time frame and restricted between(1946 - 1962) because this period represented an essential historical stage in Al - Maghreb history and it is rich by events, besides the political developments and death of king Mohammed v in 1961 and prince Hasan took the crown in the name of king Hasan II and set constitution and hold elections, the first chapter devoted to study the political situations in Maghreb in(1930 - 1936) and it is in three categories, the first category included historical items concerned the national labor block objectives, programs and the challenging facing it and the factors contributed in establishing the Maghreb national movement, as for the second one displayed the objectives and slogans of the patriotism movement and the party influenced by the principles of the French revolution and also reviewed journals of Nationalist Movement party, and the third one titled the Nationalist Movement and the second world war(1939 - 1945), in it illustrated the movement attitude from war and its developments on the Maghreb areana and the party activity during it and its aptitude from the Palestinian issue and its supporting to it.As for the second chapter titled the emerging of al - shura and independence party included three categories, the first one the starting of the party, nomination and its objectives also the national chapter for the party in 1946 and the party attitude from multiparty and its role in establishing the protection league of Maghreb in Paris in June in1946. As for the second chapter displayed the intellectual and the organization frame of the general objective for the party, means and the membership of the party also the political ,economical and social program and the authorities efforts in an attempt to unify the national movement between two parties( Al - shora and independence and the independence party).As for the third one discussed the political role of the essential parties leaderships in Al - shora and independence party in struggle for independence of Maghreb.As for the third chapter titled the party activity during the stage of Al - Sultan exile Mohammed V, the first category in illustrating the party attitude from the unseat and exile of the Sultan, and the second category to shed light on the eternal and external activity of the party represented by bureau of the Arabic Maghreb in Cairo in 1947 and the role of the Maghreb national parties participated in it, also illustrated the role of the party in committee of liberation Morro also discussed internalization of Morocco issue and the activity of Al - Shoura and independence party in this respect, the third one discussed the party attitude in the independence negotiations concerned the circumstances of holding Pecan Lakes conference and the developments accompanied it till announcement of the independence and confession of Morocco as an independence state at the 3rd of March 1959 followed by confession of some of independence by the Spanish government in 7th of April in the same year. As for the forth chapter where displayed the role of party in the constitutional institutions, in the first category discussed the party attitude concerned laying the state institutions and participating in them, where the party had participated in establishing the first government and establishing the consultation national council established in 1956 and the party was with the participants in decision including recommendation in choosing the prince Hasan as crown. And at the time of establishing the second government where the party had transferred to work with the opponent parties and contributed in backing with the other opponent parties towards backing laying the constitutional institutions.As for the second one titled the internal and the external activity of the party manipulating the party attitude from Morocco Jews and the attitude evacuation of the USA bases in Morocco, besides its activity in the desert and its struggle with the independence party and also its attitude from issues of Al - mashriq Al - arabi. The third category discussed contributing the party in the municipality and town elections and its active role in contributing and backing in stipulating of the constitution for Morocco in 1962.As for the results which the researcher has reached as follow : - 1. The emerging of the political parties in Morocco amongst Al - shora and independence party - the national movement as threshold for reorganizing the Morocco national movement activity according to the bases of modernization including the unity of thought and objective and contributing in framing the mass towards mobilizing the people in resistance and requesting freedom and independence.2. Al - shora and independence party had national role in contributing in presenting the demand document for independence which confirmed a biding by constitution and democracy as method for political work and admitted the municipality and ruling after independence and this confirmation reflected an early awareness for the party at time most of the world states under the colonist control.3. Al - shora and independence party is considered the first which put forward to the constitutional issue in Morocco whet ether in document requesting independence and via presenting 23 of December memorandum in 1947 and the necessity to set democratic constitution for Morocco according to contexts known in the democratic organization.4. The early care of Al - shoura and independence party in demanding the Maghreb human rights at a time this demand was neglected totally in the Arab home states and Maghreb Al - arabi states.5. Contributing of the party in the national governments after independence, in the national and consultation council also the municipality and town elections.6. The party coherent with the necessity to set constitution by elected national council and its contribution in referendum of the constitution in spite of its opposition for some of the constitution texts. And despite of this the political role after independence did not reached the national heritage level despite adopting the pioneer and political opposition in independent Morocco
الملخص:
المصادر:

عبد اللطيف البغدادي ودوره السياسي في مصر حتى عام 1964 == Abdul Latif Al - Baghdadi And His Political Cole In Egypt Until 1946

اسم المؤلف: مروة ابراهيم مصطفى حسين المعموري
اسم المشرف: بيداء علاوي شمخي جبر الشويلي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Many authors and researchers shed their largest attention an the history of Egypt , As one of the important Arab countries, which has the greatest effect in the events witnessed by the Arab world, Therefore the history of Egypt was studied from all sides and in different Eras, Especially by the Egyptian researchers particular and Arab researchers in general , However. The events of Egypt , chinch have not studied and highlighted objectively , egardless of the roles and positions taken by those character but they have become of great significance , which the searcher cannot ignore them without concentrating on the characters, especially outside Egypt, because the political situation in Egypt maybe were reflected on a number researcher who were not objective in their judgments those characters. Abdul hatif is the most prominent of those characters we have mentioned , The need is essential to study his administration and attitudes in the Egyptian politics , because he contributed greatly to the revolution of Egypt 1952 and defended it. As he was the most prominent its men. Who defended the achievements of that evolution in critical circumstances experienced by the evolution during (1952 - 1964). Abdul Latif distinguished comall of his colleagues, men of the revolution, by his imitable ability to accomplish, So he was able to develop me appropriate plans to implement projects, Known for is high degree of self - confidence and dignity, that was me biggest reason. for the successive disagreements between him and Jamal Abdul Nasser, Which mede him mentally quits the political action Abdul Latif Al - Baghdadi took over five different ministries at the level of ministerial action. As well as the position of vice resident , that position which oblige him to supervise so many different sectors of the state. He also had the high prestige among his colleagues and in the conscience of the people , his name was related with genuine and rapidly achievement. The thesis tried to answer several quiries the most prominent were the causes of disagreement between Abdul Latif AL - Baghdadi and Jamal Abdul Nasser and the accuracy of what had sever. Historians mentioned about the fear of Jamal Abdul Nasser from the power and influence of Abdul Latif Al - Baghdadi which was the reason behind his quitting the alitcal action because Jamal Abdul Nasser imposes his opinions always in mast decisions , which resulted from that a bad relation ship between Abdul Latif Al - Baghdadi and Jamal Abdul Nasser , there were numeral harassment after his recent resignation in 1964.The thesis consists of four chapters and a conclusion, the first chapter was entitled "the emergence of Abdul Latif Al - Baghdadi and his entering the political world", and this chapter deals with his life, emergence, his entering the Military college his promotion in the military service, the emergence of the organization of aviation officers in 1940, his participation in the war of Palestine against the Zionist entity in 1948, and his role in regulating the liberal officers which he participated in after the war. While the second chapter was entitled" the role of Al - Baghdadi in the revolution of 23 of July 1952 - 1954", through studying the main issues which was Egypt suffering from before the evolution and made him and his colleagues to start the revolution, Al - Baghdadi took over the responsible of flying in the mooring of 23 of July over the sky of Cairo and Alexandria in order to control the situation and his presided over the revolutionary court , which we formed in 1953, to trial those accused in betraying the homeland , or against its safety insid and outside or those who help in the corruption of the government , as well , the chapter includes the crisis of march and the outcome represented by the conflict of the members of the revolutionary command council with Mohamed maguey and the disagreement between Jamal Abdul Nasser and Abdul Latif Al - Baghdadi who made Al - Baghdadi submits his first resignation. The third chapter was entitled "Al - Baghdadi and his took over the legislative and executive duties", it reviews the role of Al - Baghdadi in the formation of the Egyptian government from (1953 - 1957), accompanied by responsibilities and accomplishments and the subsequent proposals in the national union and the issuance of nationalization resolutions in 1961 the so - called" the social revolution and his entering the parliamentary elections which resulted in his presided over the national Egyptian assembly while.The fourth chapter was entitled "Al - Baghdadi and his position on the course of events and the internal political developments in Egypt", it reviews the evacuation agreement and the triple aggression on Egypt in 1956, Al - Baghdadi accompanied Jamal Abdul Nasser thoroughly the period of the war , As well as the chapter includes the efforts for the establishment of Egyptian - Syrian unity in (1958 - 1961) that emanated the united Arab republic are his role in it the formation of the boad of presidency in Egypt after the secession had ahuge effect in the determination of Al - Baghdadi to quit and not to return to politics once again.
الملخص:
المصادر:

سياسة بريطانيا تجاه امارات الساحل المتصالحة 7491 - 7491 == Britain'S Policy Towards The Trucial Coast Emirates 1947 - 1968

اسم المؤلف: محمد نصر سعيد
اسم المشرف: حسين علي فليح الخزرجي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The historical period of the search has a great importance since it associated with significant international changes that reflected on British policy in India in general and the Gulf region in particular, as it has transferred the British responsibility of India after independence in 1947 from the India office to the Foreign Office, which had a clear impact on the rulers of the Arabian Gulf. This study came to complete previous academic studies which dealt with part of British policy in the Gulf region, and provide the Iraqi historical library with a needed study. The years 1947 - 1968 constitute a new phase of British policy, which led in the end to the emergence of the United Arab Emirates after British announcement of its withdrawal from the region in January 1968. The studying of the history of British relations with the Trucial Emirates represents the fundamental basis of British policy in the Gulf region and confirms British interests in proportion to the international changes after the end of World War II and the resulting economic and social impact in the Trucial Emirates. In addition Britain adopted a new approach in dealing with the rulers of the Emirates after World War II by concentrating power and prestige in the region as expressed by an important British document.Also, this study provides important information about the role of the sheikhs of the Emirates and their relations with Britain in drawing the political map of the Emirates and the region in this historical period.The study came according to historical scientific methodology based on investigation, research, access to consulting relevant historical sources and analysis of many documents, sources, newspapers, magazines, encyclopedias and interviews that show British policy in the Gulf region, especially Trucial Emirates and its attitudes towards political, economic and social issues in this period of research.The thesis consists of an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion stating the main findings. The first chapter (Britain and the Trucial Coast Emirates until 1947) studies British policy towards the Trucial Coast until 1947. This chapter has two sections, the first (political and economic realities of the Trucial Coast Emirates until 1918), discusses several topics First : British treaties with Coast Emirs who were control key of the Gulf, second : Britain and internal conditions of the Coast Emirates, third : Britain's role in the border problems, fourth : Britain and Coast Emirates during World War I, fifth : Britain's policy towards foreign Participation in the pearling. The second section(British policy towards coast Emirates 1919 - 1947) which tackles several topics, first : Britain 's policy towards Emirates between the two wars, second : the problem of the borders, third : the economic effects of the war on the Coast Emirates, fourth : aviation agreements and the establishment of stations, fifth : oil, sixth : Trucial Emirates in World War II until 1947, Both sections discuss the British attitude towards the political and Economic developments of these Emirates between 1805 and 1947.The second chapter (Britain's attitude towards the political issues in the Trucial Coast), which contains nine sections : the first, the issue of the external borders 1949 - 1964, the second : the internal borders 1947 - 1968, the third : The Board of Trucial Emirates 1947 - 1968, the fourth : the power of the coast of Oman 1949 - 1965, the fifth : The Role of Arab League States in the Trucial Emirates 1952 - 1966, the sixth : British intervention in changing the rulers of the Trucial Coast 1948 - 1967, Seventh : Britain and administrative and judicial conditions of the Trucial Emirates 1947 - 1961, Eighth : Britain's attitude about the openess of the rulers of the Trucial Coast Emirates towards abroad 1951 - 1967, Nineth : British withdrawal from the Arabian Gulf and dual union 1952 - 1968.The third chapter (Britain's economic policy towards the Trucial Emirates) consisted of five sections, the first : Britain's attitude towards the banking activity in the Trucial Emirates 1947 - 1968, second : Britain's attitude towards the oil concessions in the Trucial Coast 1949 - 1966, third : trade 1947 - 1968, fourth : Agriculture 1948 - 1967, fifth : pearling and fishing career 1948 - 1967. The fourth chapter (Britain's policy towards social issues in the Trucial Coast) contains four sections to study the social changes in the Trucial Emirates by tracking the stages of development in several fields : First, the British attitude towards Education 1947 - 1968, second : Health 1949 - 1968, third : Britain and development projects in the Trucial Emirates 1950 - 1968, fourth : Britain's attitude towards the public social life, by focusing on the British policy towards mentioned fields 1948 - 1968.
الملخص:
المصادر:

التعليم في اليابان (1868 - 1912) == Education In Japan (1868 - 1912)

اسم المؤلف: مثنى عبد الجبار عبود
اسم المشرف: وليد عبود محمد
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Education is a reflection to society background, philosophy and history, as well as its development and horizons for its future prospects and aspirations. In this respect, the Japanese experience has become an example that should be followed to achieve improved didactic and scientific performance. This success has been achieved so quickly that it has made Japan one of the most advanced countries. Though having a small area, tough geographical conditions and high population density, and lacking raw materials, Japan has managed to make the brains of its citizens a substitution to face lack of natural and materialistic resources. This has positively reflected on its economy growth and on its social, educational, and cultural development.There are two reasons for selection of this topic (Education in Japan 1768 - 1912) : first, it is one of the most successful experiences in the world since everyone agrees that the Japanese experience and its didactic development is an integrated and exceptional human effort which has drawn the attention and interest of the entire world. Japan, the Asian country, has broken the rule that development is associated with the West and there is no hope to enjoy development unless a person is a foreigner or an expatriate. So, this experience deserves not only to be studied once; rather, many studies should deal the educational policy of Japan. Second, most academic studies on Japan have focused on the political and economic sides and overlooked the social side of which education is the most important pillar and the effective channel in the state policy and community. To underline this, most political and economic problems are attributed to education problems. Besides, development in developed countries is considered an equilateral triangle (political, economic and social “educational” development). It is known that development of the social aspect positively reflects on the political and economic aspects, and vice versa. Thus, education is pivotal in the development process in any developed country including Japan. The period covered by the thesis is 1868 - 1912; the first date (1868) is the date of accession of Emperor Mutsuhito (1868 - 1912) to the throne. The reign of this Emperor is known is Meiji. He was committed to the fifth principle of the Imperial Charter Oath : “Knowledge shall be sought throughout the world so as to strengthen the foundations of imperial rule”. This Charter marks the end of two centuries of solitude. It has made Japan open to international and regional countries. The second date represents end of the Meiji Era where Japan reached to an advanced stageof education development. Japan completed the foundation of the education structure starting from kindergartens to imperial universities.The hypothesis that the thesis deals with is an attempt to explore and analyze data and information about the development of education in Japan up to 1912, and review its basic elements and key factors of its rise. It also explores the effect of struggle between traditional and modern education, and plans developed by the government and stance of the Emperor to these plans. The researcher adopted the scientific, analytical and historical approach, and tried to reconcile between the historical sequence and unity of subject to reach objective and accurate answers. The thesis consists of four chapters, conclusion and annexes. The first chapter deals with roots of education in Japan up to 1868. It involves three topics : the first one tracks development of education during the reign of Nara and Heian (710 - 1185), changes in the reigns of Kamkura and Muromachi (1185 - 1568), and reign of Azuchi Momoyama (1568 - 1600). The second topic include education in the era of early Tokugawa (1600 - 1853); it shows the educational policy adopted by the shogun Ieyasu Tokugawa (1603 - 1615) to reform education; explores his disputes with opponents; reviews the effect of solitude of Japan of education during the years 1616 - 1786; and outlines the effect of tribal schools and First Opium War on education (1787 - 1853). The third topic focuses on reviewing development of Education in the Tokugawa Era (1853 - 1868), outlining the effect of Perry expedition in wakening up the Japanese nation of the dormant Chinese thinking, directing them to explore mysteries of modern western education and sciences (1853 - 1868), and getting acquainted with the role of foreign missionaries and Japanese scholars in the development of education (1859 - 1868) and their role in introducing modern sciences which had contributed to preparing Japanese education elite that, in turn, encouraged Japanese to the west, resulting in increased scholarships to the west and Europe to get closer picture of the development of modern science (1863 - 1868).The second deals with the beginnings of modern education in Japan (1868 - 1877). It includes three topics; the first involves the attempts to reform government education as a result of a call by the Meiji Emperor in 1868, and the effect of his call to open old schools and seeking foreign assistance to develop and modernize these schools. The second topic deals with education modernization projects, including establishment of the Ministry of Education and development of the first Educational Plan (Gakusei), as well as the lwakura expedition and its impact on revising the Educational Plan and encouraging women education and establishment of educational associations. The third topic copes with teacher preparation, establishment of normal schools for female and male teachers, development of curricula, and problems facing implementation of the plan.Chapter three tackles establishment of the Japan University and development of education plans (1877 - 1885). It includes three topics. The first topic involves establishment of Japan University and development of a proposed second National Education Plan (1877 - 1880). It also includes an overview of the impact of People for Liberty Movement and stance of the Emperor of this Movement. Topic two deals with the steps for the review and development of the third National Education Plan (1880 - 1885). Topic three involves development of the fourth Education National Plan (1885 - 1890), its announcement, implementation and stance of the Emperor to it. Chapter four tackles development of modern education in Japan (1890 - 1912). It includes three topics; the first highlights development of the education system in primary schools by issuance of new legislation. These include kindergartens and primary and secondary schools. The second chapter sheds light on the education system in the secondary schools, normal schools which graduate professional staff to meet the need of education expansion in primary and intermediate schools and vocational schools and its impact on the Japan economy, as well as, female high schools and their role on the education of women. The third topic deals with the development of high education institutions which are preparatory schools for those wishing to complete study after university; it also deals with private schools and imperial universities since these are high academic institutions for graduating social, economic and administrative elites to serve in and develop different state institutions.The researcher used considerable number of references, official Japanese documents developed in English by the Ministry of Education, as well as many other documents, letters, Arabic and English theses, periodic both magazines and newspapers. The Arabic and Foreign books, researches and studies, and foreign encyclopedias have contributed so much to this thesis by providing valuable information
الملخص:
المصادر:

الداعي الاسماعيلي ناصر خسرو وعلاقته بالخلافة الفاطمية == The Ismaili Preacher Nasser Khosrow And Its Relationship To The Fatimid Caliphate

اسم المؤلف: ماجد حميد رشيد
اسم المشرف: غنية ياسر كباشي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Featuring Ismaili sect from the rest of the Islamic doctrines and preaching difference structure, organization and sophisticated. While disappeared advocacy organizations affiliated Islamic Umayyad teams during the two (40 - 132h / 660 - 749m) and Abbasid (132 - 656h / 749 - 1258m) led after the purpose of the establishment of a religious entity - a political difference to those groups, continued imams and preachers Ismailis to maintain this institution and the development of knowledge as the vital nerve of the doctrine, without which strengthened the call and continued survival.Whereas the Fatimid state had, on the basis of which the policy is intertwined with religion, to the extent that every political organization in this country, it was a reflection of the spirit of the Fatimid doctrine itself, until it became, believe an example of religious states in Islam, This invitation "was the backbone of this state, and the most important thing distinguishes itself from other Islamic regimes have looked to call a sacred institution and a religious duty practiced it faithfully and activity, and sought to power in order to be able to achieve this goal, safe and easy, they were looking at them It was a lot for them as an ideological weapon of the system.Caliph was the "imam" Fatimid chooses from among his supporters most powerful tongue, and believe them Jnana, and Olhnhm argument, and Ogzarhm note Vigolh in the position of calling for it following the status of the Imam of the confessional, relying in that much from any Holy Qur'an interpretation of the meaning (O prophet! Truly We have sent , thee s a witness , a Bearer of Gold Tidings , and Warner (45) And as one who invites to Allah (46) `s (grace) by His leave , and as a lamp spreading light) and any Holy Qur'an interpretation of the meaning (Invite (all) to the way of thy lord with wisdom and beautiful preaching , and argue with them in ways that are best and most gracious , for thy lord knoweth best , who have strayed from his path , and who receive guidance). That was our choice for the study of personality, "the Ismaili Nasser Khosrow (d. 481 AH / 1088 AD) and its relation to succession of the Fatimid" not to mention the ideological side "in the Fatimid state" as one of the Ismaili dignitaries, one talent evident owners in the political and religious messages field across the Fatimid call Aban Fatimid rule, in "the fifth century AH / atheist century AD" and who spent years of his life in the Caliph Al - Mustansir Billah "427 - 487h / 1036 - 1094m service." Preacher who is vested with a variety of tasks, administrative, diplomatic, religious, has arrived to the top of the shrine, an advocate and an argument Persia and Khorasan in the Fatimid invitation. The conduct of research was required to be having four classes led by an introduction, followed by a conclusion showed the most significant results, and proven sources and references that were adopted in the preparation of the message.The introduction : he mentioned the importance of the subject and the reasons for his choice, and the research plan and the approach that I walked it. Devoted the first chapter to the study of biography and scientific Nasser Khosrow, as touched upon in the first section to : the biography of his life (his name, lineage, his nickname, his birth, his family, and growing up, and his death), and in the second section of his travels, and in the third section touched on the scientific status, indicating the His printed and manuscript, and the views of the scientists. And I ran to the second chapter has dealt with the Ismaili da'wa in Khorasan in the fifth century AH / atheist century AD, has been included on the three sections, too, it was at the forefront of those detectives Ismaili da'wa in Khorasan during the era of Nasser Khosrow, and the second section preachers who Asarham Nasser Khosrow, The third chapter Achtmt Balambges assets Ismaili doctrine from the standpoint of calling for Nasser Khosrow. Then I ran to the third quarter, which was entitled calling Nasser Khosrow and its relation to succession of the Fatimid, it has included three sections, covered in the first section of succession Al - Mustansir Billah and the crown prince, and in the second section of Cairo in the era of Nasser Khosrow, and in the third section the offices of the state administration and fees and celebrations. And another classroom fourth quarter in which public life in Egypt dealt with through text Nasser Khosrow trip, which included a three axes , namely : First : Army, Navy , and secondly : economic conditions , and thirdly social conditions.The letter highlights the conclusion of the most important findings after a comprehensive study of the subject good and thorough study , also caused appendixes and appended a list of sources and references relied upon in keeping with the traditions of theses. It has faced several difficulties, in the forefront of all the works of Nasser Khosrow written by the Persian language, and did not stand on the interpreter of which only three books did not find enough male and adequate for the life of Nasser Khosrow in basic references and we had sometimes rely on modern references, which may be due burning processes for many of the books of Shiites in general, especially in the east and Ismailia practiced by many of the Islamic Orient rulers anti - Ismaili, the most prominent day ordeal Ismailia grand a year (331 AH / 942 AD) as well as what he has done Mahmud of Ghazni (361 - 421h / 971 - 1030m) as well as what he did to the Mongols the year (654 AH / 1256 CE). Historical descriptive approach was adopted based on the analysis of some of the information and criticism and comparing opinions, to get to the facts, has necessitated the nature of the study rely on a variety of historical resources and doctrinal and moral geography.
الملخص:
المصادر:

عبد الحسن زلزلة ودوره الاقتصادي والدبلوماسي == Abdul Hassan Zalzala Economic And Diplomatic Role

اسم المؤلف: لمى محمود رشيد العبيدي
اسم المشرف: عفراء عطا عبد الكريم الريس
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study deals with the character of Abdul - Hassan Zalzala as homage to this figure which has contributed in his intellectual role to confront the political and economic phenomena of the era following the monarchy (the republican era). This stage of history includes many of the political, economic and social events on the national and Regional levels. Among the negative phenomena which Abdul - Hassan Zalzala is putting the right solutions for the problems. That appeared in his economic proposition in relation to the financial economic aspect inherited from the monarchy regime. He focused on the relation of Iraq to the sterling zone and the effect of that on the political structure of the country. That person worked in the shades and was not concentrated on because of his nature and one side and the overwhelming of other people on the other. The study is divided into an introduction, a preface, four chapters and a conclusion. The Preface entitled “Abdul - Hassan Zalzala the Family upbringing and the social and intellectual character,” also which we tackled the cultural and intellectual composition. Chapter One traced the beginnings of the work of Abdul - Hassan Zalzala in the state of Iraq and his political attitudes in some of the internal issues. It includes a brief account of his work in Iraq and some of the attitudes towards the internal political issues. Chapter Two studies the propositions of Abdul - Hassan Zazlala in the structure of the Iraqi economy. It includes the relation of Iraq with the Sterling zone and the monetary opinions of Abdul - Hassan Zazlala. Chapter Three is devoted to the views of Abdul - Hassan Zazlala of the Arab economic integration and his intellectual products in the economic field. It includes the common Arab work and the chapter also shows the most outstanding writings of Abdul - Hassan Zalzala in the economic field. The study was concludes with Chapter Four by treating the activity of Abdul - Hassan Zazlala in the diplomatic career and his work in the Arab League. It includes the work of Abdul - Hassan Zalzala as an ambassador in Iran and Egypt and the Arab League 1976 - 1988. Abdul - Hassan Zalzala did not ignore in his opinions the Arab side and the burden on the political decision to condense the common Arab work and the development of the light of a comprehensive integrated imagining putting the national aims in the advance position, specially the interior developmental aim is the first obstacle for achieving the required development. He sees that when speaking about the Arab common integration, we should put in advance the efforts made to achieve this Arab common integration which did not become at best in the form of economic cooperation. It is very minor compared to the relations of the Arabs with the external world. The opinions and proposes of Abdul - Hassan Zazlala and his attitudes towards some of the political issues is undoubtedly represent reform course that represents solutions to these to say the least.
الملخص:
المصادر:

وزارة المعارف العراقية 1920 - 1958 : دراسة تاريخية == The Iraqi Ministry Of Knowledge 1920 - 1958 Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: فلاح حسن كزار عباس
اسم المشرف: كريم مراد عاتي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Ministry of education considered as one of important Iraqis' offices which formed in Iraq for the period 1920 - 1958, it's important was that it’s the only one that responsible about preparation and build generations , and support all state institutions and it's offices with the functional individual scientific and administrative , that reflect it'd scientific and civilized role and the range of progress of Iraq in both levels in internal & external.The study of ministry in it’s administrative sides in that period was not discussed in the other studies , which stimulate the researcher for study it, also the administrative sides for any ministry have the important which many of modern academic study concentrate on it, to know the structure organization of the ministries, from it's specialized offices and the officials that operated and their scientific and educational specialism, and how many wealth which assigned from public budgetary of state for it's scientific and administrated duty and that reflect the size of administrate development and other.The ministry have seen many administrative development , at the beginning with direct British occupation (1914 - 1921) , at the period (1914 - 1918), it's works relative with (incomings officials ) in Basra and Baghdad , on August 1918, it's become as establishment named as ( public knowing attendance), when Iraqi temporary kingdom has been established in 23 august 1921, it's been self - governing ministry when ministry of health has been separated, and know it's named as (Ministry of knowledge ) it still as that until the royal regime has been drop down on 14/July/1958. Offices whose managed this ministry development it's administrated works and continue with global growth has been founded in this field , specially form whose of them that have superior specialized certification, also they called for (international committee) for help in put plans that making the rising of it's works.The works that accepted from ministry have the clear role in put the first basis of acts and instructions for the Ministry of knowledge in Iraq , and establishment of natural foundations and specialized the work of ministry and it's officials , when we see the historical stage , the level of scientific progress and the general situation in the country
الملخص:
المصادر:

كتاب الجمل والنصرة لسيد العترة في حرب البصرة للشيخ المفيد (ت 413هـ/ 1022م) : دراسة تحليلية تاريخية == Camel And The Victory Of Mr. Strain In Basra War To The Sheikh Al - Mufied (D 413 AH/ 1022 AD) ((An Analytical Study))

اسم المؤلف: فائق محمد حسين الزبيدي
اسم المشرف: نعمة شهاب جمعة اليوسف
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: well as the conclusion and a list of sources and references that Aolna in this study.• Boot biography of Sheikh useful and ensure that, his name, his nickname , his birth , lineage , and death as well as his children and that presents for the first time in modern academic studies.• Chapter One : Under was titled doctrinal views about the allegiance of the faithful Meer Ali bin Abi Talib • Chapter Two : historical novels was under heading out on the Caliph Uthman.• Chapter III : Historical Almruyat for the Battle of the Camel.• In the final conclusion, which includes the most prominent findings and a list of sources and references, and summary in English. The Yes of God for this religion that he raised him in every age range of scientists and dignitaries from Mashra virtuous so late, Vohassanoa Madarsthm and built bases , and left us with an enormous wealth and great heritage , Anbthaga to its sources , the purest and its tributaries. Of these extraordinary , Sheikh useful ( 413 AH / 1022 AD) , may God rest his soul and make paradise resting place , which is aware of the flags of centuries fourth and fifth Hijri and one of the leaders of his time , as one of the men who excelled in science and classification throughout the years of his life. It is an excellent choice with the help of Dr. Nehme Shihab was I faced some difficulties as any student looking at the subject and especially as it combines the science of history and learned men of modern science because this led me to refer to the many specialized in these three Knowledge and other sources is not easy to master , who is running experience student academic research for the first time in his life, and with all the grace of God has been able to overcome the difficulties in the curriculum and resources and with the help of my teacher and supervisor wise direction. Has necessitated the need for this letter is organized with an introduction and preface, three chapters and a conclusion , and here it should be noted that this division is inspired by the book (the sentences and the victory of Mr. strain in Basra War) as Analysis of sources : This study, like other academic studies relied on a large number of sources, references and research that were distributed among the different fields in history, local history or in the translations and biography or geographical books and travel literature as well as modern references The following presentation and analysis of a summary of the most important sources and references that were It has a clear impact for the preparation of this letter : - • General history books : It is books that are meant to take the flag campaign and others in the country as a book (the date of the Apostles and the Kings), to Tabari, Abu Ja'far Muhammad bin Jarir (d. 310 AH / 922 AD), in which historical events show, the book (the history of the city of Damascus (for Sakba, Abu Kassim Ali Bin Hassan Ben God's gift to bin Abdullah Shafi'i (d. 571 AH / 1175 AD) has served us so much Vengda encyclopedia in the history of the Islamic civilization has reviewed the conduct of men and women also, who emerged fields of public life, particularly in science, knowledge, and the book (regular in the history of the kings and the UN), to Ibn al, Abu Faraj Abdul Rahman bin Mohammed bin Ali (d. 597 AH / 1200 AD) and the book "full of history" to Ibn al - Athir (d. 630 AH / 1232 AD) there is no doubt being a Guinness in Islamic history.• genealogy books : We based our knowledge of the lineages of some scientists and their assets, including book (genealogy), of heard me, Dad Said Abdul Karim bin Mohammed al - Tamimi (d.562 AH / 1166 AD) and book (the pulp in the refining lineages), the son of ether, Abul Hassan Ali bin Abi Karam Mohamed Bin Mohammed bin Abdel - Karim al - Shaibani (d.630AH/1232 AD).• Geographic wrote : The geography books that enriched the various search information, whether concerned with the nomination of the city or location, including a book "Dictionary of countries," authored by Sapphire Hamwi (d. 626 AH / 1228 AD), which is a record of many historians, geographers who came after him. Note that we relied on a variety of other sources for Aasa numerous to mention in this introduction also enlisted some modern references that did not have a key role in building the structure of the messageFinally, the perfect God Almighty alone, and we praise and thank him for what we have from grace in writing this letter , I ask God to guide our steps and bless us in our humble service of science that he listens and responds
الملخص:
المصادر:

تجارة الرقيق في شرق افريقيا والخليج العربي (1820 - 1914) == The Slave Trade In East Africa And The Arabian Gulf 1820 - 1914

اسم المؤلف: فادية جمعة اسماعيل العبادي
اسم المشرف: احمد عبد الواحد عبد النبي الحلفي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Slavery knew since ancient times, its age estimated as long as history, its treatment varied from people to another, and Islam came and found slavery vested in the social and economic entity, it did not canceled at once, but rather sought to drain its resources and the expansion of its banks, and slavery was known in the African continent, which was spending the each other, and the Arabs knew the African slavery and traded it on a small scale, but the expansion of trade is done by Europeans in the modern ages through their geographically discovery which leads them to the African continent , so they have to trade slavery for four centuries, and the slave trade increased after the discovery of America.The West worked in the slave trade in West Africa, while the Arabs worked in the east of the continent, and what increased the Arab needs at the beginning of the 19th century is to plant the cloves trees and the increased need to the working labor, and the Arabs used the internal roads to get to the center of the continent and bring slave to the coastal areas in the east of Africa, Zanzibar became the main center of the slave trade, and then transferred it to the Arabic Gulf.Britain tried to prohibit that trade Olive to human causes, while the prohibition not for that reason as it says, but to extend its control and influence over the region, and to protect its economic and political interests, as well as to fight the French influence and to prevent its spread in the Arabic Gulf and East Africa, and to hit and weaken the Omani coast tribes and weaken the denominators, and dismantling of the African - Arab sultanate. In spite of the Britain procedures to prevent the slave trade and the abolition of slavery later, but the trade continued until the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, but there are documents that confirm the continuation of trade until the forties of the 20th century through smuggling.And required nature of the subject is divided into an introduction and preliminary and four chapters and a conclusion, according to historical research methodology, turning in the boot to the definition of slavery and the historical dimension of slavery, servitude, slave conditions and their treatment, and enslavement methods. The first chapter it has meant the impact of geographic interdependence between East Africa and the Arabian Gulf and its role in the development of trade between them, and the impact of geographic explorations in the European slave trade, chapter II focused on the role of Zanzibar in the growth of the slave trade and its role as a Center for the slave trade between the Interior of the continent's coastal and Gulf sources. internal and external trade and slave track, markets, prices, and the volume of the slave trade , And economic viability, as well as the work of slaves, and the role of the Indian community in the slave trade, The third chapter was devoted to the study of British policy in the fight against the slave trade in the Arabian Gulf and East Africa in the first half of the nineteenth century. And the fourth and final chapter of Britain's role in the total abolition of the slave trade and slavery in the second half of the th century.
الملخص:
المصادر:

موقف الامم المتحدة من العراق خلال حربي الخليج الاولى والثانية 1980 - 1993م == Thesis Title The United Nations Attitude Towards Iraq In The First And Second Gulf War (1980 - 1893)

اسم المؤلف: عمر عناد حمود
اسم المشرف: فواز مطر نصيف
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الانبار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study contains an introduction, an introductory chapter and four chapters followed and a list of sources and seferences. The first chapter entitled : the situation of the united nations regarding traq during the first Gulf war (1980 - 1993 ). It discussed the events and developments of the first gulf war and the resulting decisions issued by the security council to deal with these decisions, it discussed the situation of the permanent members within the international organization, it sheds light on the decision No. (589) issued in 1987.The second chapter : the private interests of the permanent members of the security council and its impact on the united nations " decisions regarding the first gulf war". The chapter also discusswd the political, economic and military interests and the private goals of the five permanent members of the security council and its impact on the united nations decisions concerning the first gulf war and the five permanent member countries attempt to exploit its influence within the organization to achieve its goals.The third chapter : the situation of the united nations regarding Iraq since Kuwait invasion and until cease - fire decision ( 1980 - 1991 ). It discusses the events and developments of the second gulf war since the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait on the second of august 1990 and the resulting decisions issues by the security council to deal with these events until the security council decision no. (687 ) of ceasing fire.The fourth chapter : international sanctions and their impact on the demarcation of the Iraq - Kuwait borders ( 1990 - 1993 ). It discusses the international sanctions issued by the security council against Iraq in accordance with its decisions scince the decision (661) passing the decisions of building safe areas in north and south Iraq and reparations imposed on it and the impact of these sanctions on the Iraq people and the process of demarcation of the Iraq - Kuwait broders, according to Security Council decision No.(833) issued in 1988.Several resources have been adopted in the study : Published and unpublished documents, a variety of arab and foreign studies on the same subject of the study, in addition to a number of arab and foreign reviews publications.We cannot see the situation and the behavior of the united nations Iraq as a normal and regular one, the united nations of the first and second gulf war containment have witnessed different situations regarding Iraq.Its space and timid interval in the first gulf war reflects a state of negligence towards a major regional crisis and allowed it to continue for eight connecting years until the security council issued the decision no.These factors overlapped and produced reactions and movements which seem to be contradictory during the two wars if we assumed that the United Nations has a free decision, which was proved to be not free one by the movement of the permanent member countries. What makes the UN interval into Iraq and special thing guring the two Gulf wars is that fully achieved its goals despite the suffering that the Iraqi people had witnessed.
الملخص:
المصادر:

الاراء الاقتصادية في كتاب المسند للامام زيد بن علي (عليه السلام) (122هـ/739م) == The Economic Opinions In The Book Of Al - Musnad By Imam Zaid Ben Ali (Peace Be Upon Him) (122 AH / 739 AC)

اسم المؤلف: عمر سعدون حمود
اسم المشرف: مقتدر حمدان عبد المجيد الكبيسي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study of the economic and financial aspects of important and distinctive in the life of human societies at different ages and times studies, has expressed his Islamic religion widespread attention to economic issues and financial transactions that regulate the relationship of man with Bari (the Almighty), what should be done from the duties and what should be left taboo this is emphasized by the Shari'a and tried to sow in the hearts of Muslims. In this sense it excelled scholars and scientists Muslims to the classification of books that have had a clear impact in highlighting the Islamic economic approach and address the economic issues that have had impact in the Muslim individual structure and then the structure of society.Among these scholars Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) who has dedicated his life to the right and to serve humanity and the reform of society when the solution in which injustice and tyranny through the takeover of the Umayyad most of the economic resources of the state, so is the book (Musnad) forward Zaid bin Ali (Peace be Upon Him), (Tel : 122 e / 739 m), one of the important doctrinal and rare books in that period, namely the period of the beginning of the era of blogging, which dealt with through the issues and questions of financial and economic transactions that were practiced in the Islamic state markets.I have tried through this study to identify the economic and financial views in a book (Musnad) forward Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) has been reached : - 1 - The book Musnad of important doctrinal books that dealt with many economic and financial issues in Islamic law and which are indispensable for every urge in this area.2 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) accurate and trustworthy and sincere remembrance of the bond when he was mentioned conversations sometimes was little talk Bkdhirh Sindh from the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) and sometimes for the faithful Ali bin Abi Talib (Peace be Upon Him).3 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) jurist and pious individual Mstenbta provisions legitimacy so he was answering some doctrinal issues that arise upon an armrest to the Book of Allah (God) and the Sunnah of the Prophet (Allah bless him and his family).4 - became a disciple of Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) at the hands of his father, Imam Zainal Abidin (Peace be Upon Him) and his brother Imam Baqir (Peace be Upon Him) and senior scholars of the city in that period and a student of his hands dozens of Islamic sons doctrines, especially the Imam Abu Hanifa (may Allah have mercy on him).5 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) on the principle of social solidarity in the Islamic economic thought through the premise of Zakat when cited verse 60 of Surah Repentance, and how Islam addressed the issue of poverty and the right of both the poor and the poor and workers to collect Zakat.6 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) to charity and charity - Fitr on relatives (a womb) and replace him sadaqah is not permissible for him. The stresses (Peace be Upon Him) to charity password and their reward with Allah (God).7 - raised Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) to an important issue, but it does not Zakat in women's Costume whether what she is wearing or paid in, as he was not focused on Zakat in gems like Durr and rubies, pearls and all that comes out of the sea.8 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) on the important provisions of the legitimacy and expressed her great interest in his book (Musnad) provisions which have a significant impact on the economic and financial transactions of Islamic society. He referred to the provisions of the loan and mortgage company and to the divine and the snapshot and leasing, deposit, including detailed provisions and explained its importance and usefulness in economic deal on the principle of Islamic Sharia law.9 - Treated Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) issue of five Booty and shamrock and Alglul and select their amounts and how it was spent in Islamic law derived from the Book of Allah and the Sunnah.10 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) the types of agricultural land controlled by the Islamic State of Arab and defined quality : decimal land and the land of Foreign Affairs. He stressed the legality of the farmer because of the investment of agricultural land and the conditions of the farmer and his views were his own in it.11 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) the provisions of the sales and earnings Muslim usury and exchange between the right of the sales that were in circulation in Islam and warned sales corrupt and Terminator them legally, which should not be practiced by Muslims.
الملخص:
المصادر:

النشاط الصناعي في مصر الفاطمية (358 - 567 هـ / 969 - 1171م) == Industrial Activities In Fatimid Egypt ( 358 - 567 H / 969 - 1171 M )

اسم المؤلف: علي نصيف جاسم علو التميمي
اسم المشرف: سامي حمود الحاج جاسم
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study is one of the most important and modest branches of historical knowledge for it is one of the most prominent aspects of Economic Activity. That historians and researchers ignored longly. In addition to that, most of the studies of Fatimid Egypt focuse on Political and Military Studies that exhaust most of the efforts. While we find that studies related to industrial activities are rare and mostly are quotations found here and there within the general researches and books that treat the history the Fatimid State. The Fatimid State period in the Egyptian Islamic history is considered one of the most important and flourishing periods of the Egyptian history in general because it witnessed important civilizational developments that changed the history in different aspects of life. Egypt has become really independent for a period of time of more than two centuries from the Abbasid Stade in Baghdad. It has become the center of the Shia Khaliphate that competes with the the Abbasid State. This of course has lead to speed up of the economical development because the resources of Egypt have been spent inside Egypt and not as has been always shared with the Capital Baghdad before the Fatimid era. This period of time participates in a good part of the development of the economic development in Egypt. It really gives us a vivid picture of the important aspects of the Egyptian Islamic history. Despite the fact that this period has been studied with focus but it still needs more especially for the industrial activities that characterizes this era. From this point comes the motivation for a study of this aspect (The Industrial Activities in Fatimid Egypt 358 - 567 A.H./ 969 - 1171 A.D.). The choice of this subject relays upon two reasons : the first one is that the research period is more than two centuries and consists of a big share of the Economic History of Fatimid Egypt, while the second is that the subject has never been studied separately in a way that covers all aspects of life specially industry. Therefore after dependence on Almighty God I have made the decision of introducing a study that covers all aspects of the industrial activities in Fatimid Egypt. The difficulties faced by the subject are the shortage in historical references and resources, for most of the resources as has been mentioned, deal with political, military and social aspects and not economy. Another issue that the researcher wants to refer to is the lack of balance between the number of pages of the chapters because of the differences in the availability of resources. According to the requirements of the research it has been divided into an introduction, a preface, four chapters and an epilogue that contains the most important conclusions that the research finds in addition to appendices, and references. The preface consists of three points : the first is related to industry and profession linguistically and idiomatically and the difference between industry and profession. The second point deals with the indications of both industry and profession in the Holy Quran and how the Holy Quran urges for work. The third point shows the importance of industry and profession in Islam and the prophets' industries and professions according to the Sunna and Ahlulbeit (PBUH) sayings. Chapter one is entitled (Factors that have helped to development and prosperity of industry in Fatimid Egypt). The chapter consists of three aspects : the first is the security aspect and consists of two parts : first securing the boarders with other states like Nobah and BiladulSham and facing challenges like Qaramita and the Turkish movement of Aftakin, as well as the elimination of Interior revolutions and insurgencies like Abu Rawah, Luatah Arabs, and Kanzuldawlah revolutions, while the second part deals with security services presented to citizens like professionals and tradesmen security and monitoring the markets. The religious aspect consists also of two parts : the first is Islamic tolerance with the Copts and the people of disclosure by the Fatimid caliphs, while the second part is related to commercial installations and facilities created by the Fatimid state to support industrial and craft professionals and merchants for their business practice and the conduct of their products such as Alkiesr, hotels, agencies, and stores and other facilities set up by the state. It provided the security and stability for the people of Trades and Crafts and traders both for those coming from outside the country or from within. As for the economic side it has included five parts : the first part is how the Fatimid state has worked to address the economic crisis that was experienced by Egypt since the year (352 AH / 963 AD), which lasted for three years. While the second part deals with Agriculture and Irrigation. The third was for livestock. Part IV deals with providing the necessary raw materials for various industries, as a metal, gold, silver, emeralds, alum and Nitrite, oil, timber and the like. The fifth deals with the monetary system in the Fatimid era, which includes dinar and the dirham and the Fils. The second chapter focused on the types of industries in Fatimid Egypt and its evolution, this chapter has been divided into two main aspects, the former devoted to the study of basic industries in Fatimid Egypt, as industry textile and food industry types and industry of soap, wax and Industry of Sparkling wines and other food industries, as well as the metallurgical industry as the industry of iron, copper and ivory, mosaics and timber industry, ships, glass, crystal, porcelain, paper - making and binding and leather goods, perfumes and medicines, and the arms industry. The second aspect in which we have considered the secondary industries, which include the popular industries and crafts Statistics that everyone needs to in their daily lives, as an industry and a few baskets, ropes and burlap, and other industries and crafts. The third chapter dealt with industrial and craft communities in Fatimid Egypt, where the correlation of the people of the industrial and craft markets sects in addition to regulations and fees that were imposed by the Fatimid state on those markets. This chapter also includes organizations craftsmen and artisans, it states these organizations initiated by the baseline, a boy and then a manufacturer and Usta "teacher" Captain "Captain sect" At the summit, there were both industrial and professional range head or official in charge known as the "Sheikh of the sect". It also deals with traditions that are controlled in the industrial and craft communities, as we talk about the close connection between the place of residence of industrial and craft activities, and at the end of this chapter comes to deal with the production and sale of goods. The fourth chapter is titled calculation and calculated (AlMuhtasib WalHisbah) and their role in the supervision and control of the industry in Fatimid Egypt. It also consists of two parts : The first comes to know the calculation Hisbah linguistically and idiomatically, and its importance in the Holy Quran and Sunnah and origins and evolution, then Mahzbo the Fatimid era, their deputies and their aides, and place of their council and their clothes and fashion. The second part has been allocated to mention the economic role of Mohtasib in Fatimid Egypt, such as his role and his aides in the supervision and control of markets and shops as well as other jobs in the health, social, moral and religious aspects, concluding this chapter by talking about the sanctions imposed on violators by the Mohtasib and his aides. In conclusion, I hope that I have been able to fulfill the requirements of writing this dissertation asking Almighty God the help and guidance.
الملخص:
المصادر:

المواقف السياسية للبدريين بعد وفاة رسول الله (صلى عليه واله وسلم) الى نهاية العصر الراشدي == Political Stances For Badraiyn After The Death Of The Messenger Of Allah " Mohammed "(Peace Upon Him) Till End Of Al - Rashidi Era

اسم المؤلف: علي محمود حاجم المالكي
اسم المشرف: نعيم دنيان عبيد الغراوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study of the history has not been regarded as thinking in the past that blocked the reality and its questions , but rather it has been considered as an introduction to build the selfness and to achieve change and renaissance. The history , to implement that goal should depend on a set of factors including the deep understanding of the history and balanced vision for the past. Actually, we do not bear responsibility of what others did ,but what they did formed a strong base for any new activity. Reading the history and leading the same way others has led , provide important lessons having to be considered , as Allah Said in Quran " Have not they walked on earth and see how was the consequence of those preceded them”. Of those people were 'Badryun" who formed a significance in the Islamic history and that reached to holiness among most of Muslims. This holiness gets from their prestige via defending the religion in the battle of "Badr". The Islamic History in all its phases endowed with outstanding stages led to important results, of those stages is the battle of "Badr" in the second year of immigration. This stage has been considered as a decisive one where Muslims appeared strong that bewildered Quraish and others who were enemy to Islam and that they should re - considered their instance toward Islam. Due to victories "Badr" achieved , the Badryun became and represented the basic base for Muslims at that time. "The Badryun" that represented a huge significance in the Islamic history reached to holiness stage among many Muslims , but they had been considered as a justice hugely adhered to legislative measures the Islamic religion called for. This holiness got from their prestige that clearly reflected in their defense their religion in the Battle of " Badr". The idea of circulating theory of justice of fellows has been started and the goal behind this circulation was to make the justification a convinced one to have " Maawya Bin Abi Sufyn" ascend "'Caliphs". This theory makes " Maawya Bin Abi Sufyn" equal to fellows of the messenger "Muhammad" (Peace upon him) despite his prestige and rank and despite "Maawya 's violations. The historic reality indicated that " Maawya Bin Abi Sufyn" had become " Caliphate " for Mulsims where many "Badryun" are still alive.This is naturally that the political benefit necessitates to circulate the idea to have all fellows justice
الملخص:
المصادر:

مدينة غزنة : دراسة جغرافية تاريخية (334 - 617 هـ / 945 - 1220م) == Ghazni City Historical Geography Study (334 - 617 AH / 945 - 1220 AD)

اسم المؤلف: علي عبد المحسن راشد
اسم المشرف: ناجي حسن هادي الموسوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study of cities in the Islamic countries gains a great benefit as it demonstrates their roles and effects on all fields of life, such as religious, political, social or scientific and shows their statues in the world. Studying cities lately in the twentieth century interested researchers who thoroughly studied cities typography and their architecture buildings which help finding out other aspects of the cities and their development.Therefore the researcher opted to study the city Ghazni by a study entitled (Ghazni City : A Geo - Historical Study 334 H/617 AD). The study covers the city geographically, historically, politically and scientifically. The reason behind choosing Ghazni, which was among the first cities conquered by pioneer men of Islam, is its importance because of : 1 - It's important location in the Islamic eastern part, Sajistan in Afghanistan which borders India. From Ghazni Muslims launched their conquests towards the region of Sind and the other parts of India. Ghaznavids had the greatest role in spreading Islam to India launching their conquests from Ghazni, until the Ghurids came and concluded the conquests and stabilized the foundations of Islam there.2 - Being a juncture of trade roads among the cities of Khorasan and Persia and the cities of Sajistan and India. It was prosperous in trade and its citizens were wealthy.3 - Its role in science and the contributions of Ghaznavids in enriching Islamic sciences and spreading Islamic civilization in India.It is worth mentioning that the researcher encountered difficulty in finding resources, particularly Persian one that deal with Ghazni. However, this didn't hinder the researcher from fulfilling this study. The study is divided into three chapters as well as appendices. Chapter one is a geographic study to the city of Ghazni; its location, borders and cities surrounding it as well as its economic activities, social sects, plans and the most prominent civilization sites and villages.Chapter two discusses with the political life of the city of Ghazni. It shows the political situation in the city in (334H/617AD) and the nations ruled it; Samanids, Ghaznavids, Ghurids and Khawarismis, as well as mentioning the nature of power of each nation, the transition of poweramong these nations, how did they took power, reasons behind this, and fall of each and the reasons, Sultans and Emirs who ruled it.Chapter three discusses the scientific situation of Ghazni, the embrace of scientists by Sultans. It also mentions teaching centers and sciences studied in Ghazni whether intellectual or material as well as scientists.In the conclusion the researcher includes what outcomes the study has arrived at.
الملخص:
المصادر:

المنهج التاريخي عند مصنفي الفهارس الرجالية الشيخ منتجب الدين الرازي (ت 585هـ) انموذجا == The Historical Approach For The Writers Of Biography Books Sheikh Muntajabaldeen Al - Razi (585 AH ) As A Model

اسم المؤلف: علي عباس نسيم الوائلي
اسم المشرف: سامي حمود الحاج جاسم
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Islamic Sharia depends in great part in its principles - especially those imposed by Allah Almighty on his creatures - on worshipping. The last one depends on the principle of the good and the bad which Allah only knows and has determines to reform the condition of the people in life and hereafter. This is called worship. Islam has left a great space for man to ponder depending on his taste to see the good and the bad, and the right from the wrong, and has left him free in many of his behaviors that have no effect in the interests. This is called the permissible things. Attaining the knowledge of the stipulate principlesdepends on two important sources : the holy Quran and the Sunna taken from the narrators which is the hadith of Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) and his caliphs. The narrators are the human means who inform us the divine codes, from whom we take and apply them. Therefore, we should be confident that what they have given us is the right thing. On that basis the science of Almalrijal (biography) was founded. Many books were written in that basis like the book of Al - fahares, the treatise of Al - Razzi, the biographies of al - Kishi, fihrist Al - sheikh al - Toussi. During the last decade the academic studies tackled in the higher studies for the departments of history some of the books of the imamate history which is rarely studies in other histories.The importance of this study is in being a study of the approach of biography, which is (Al - fahares) which had not been studies. That gives the thesis an originality. The thesis consisted of the following Davidsons and subdivisions : Chapter One tackles the meaning of firistand the sincerity of the narrator in determine the meaning of the sheikhs of Ejiaza , sheikh of narration. Then we defined the arts which we come up with.The second inquiry is about the narrators and the codntion of justice in their documentation, we also studied their private and general documentation. Chapter Two tackled the approaches of the fahares with a review of the first fahares. We displayed in the first inquiry the meaning of the approach and the method of conveying the information for the writers. The second inquiry tackles the study of eight old fahares which one of the materials that are in our hands. Chapter one of the second inquiry tackle in its first inquiry the biography of Al - skiekh al - MuntajabAldeenAlrazzi displaying important aspects of life, especially the scientific biography. The second inquiry tackles the environment in which he al - MuntajabAldeenAlrazzi lives.The second inquiryof the first Chapter tackles the environment in which Muntajab AldeenAlrazzi lived, i.e. the city of Ray, displaying the hsitorym geography economy and politics.Chapter two tackled the study of the fihrist of Al - Muntajab Aldeen Alrazzi study of the importance.The Conclusion includes the ideas resulted from the study. Then a list of references and resources and an abstract in English.
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الرسول الكريم وعترته الطاهرون (عليهم السلام) في مصنفات ابن تيميه : دراسة تحليلية مقارنة == The Glorious Prophet And His Etra (P) In The Classifications Of Ibn Taymiya - A Comparative, Analytical Study

اسم المؤلف: علي ابراهيم عبيد الجميلي الموسوي (البصير)
اسم المشرف: سامي حمود الحاج جاسم
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This Ph. D. dissertation is divided into four parts. The first part is titled (Ibn Taymiya in his true image). It contains three chapters, the first of which is titled (His social and scientific biography). The second chapter focuses on (The features of his time). It is divided into two main essays; the first of which is titled (His political and social time). The second essay is titled (His intellectual and religious time). The third chapter studies (His style with the others and the opinions of scientists about him). It contains two essays; the first of which is about the style of Ibn Taymiya with the others. The second essay is about the opinions of scientists about him. First, the opinions of those who praised and supported him are cited. Then the opinions of those who opposed and criticized him are cited. The second part is titled (The biography of the prophet (P) in the heritage of Ibn Taymiya). It includes four chapters, the first of which is titled (Ibn Taymiya's position towards the characteristics of the prophet (p)). The second chapter is titled (Ibn Taymiya's position towards the shrines of the propher (P)). The thirds chapter is titled (Ibn Taymiya's Offences towards the prophet of Allah (P)). The fourth chapter is titled (Ibn Taymiya's opinions about some of the Hadeeth quoted from the Prophet).The third part is titled (Biography of the Prince of the believers Imam Ali Bin Abi Talib in the classifications of Ibn Taymiya). It is divided into three chapters, the first of which is titled (Ibn Taymiya's position towards some of the Ayat of Quran which praise the prince of the believers). The second chapter shows (Ibn Taymiya's position towards the narrations praising the prince of believers). The third chapter discusses (What events Ibn Taymiya denied in relation to the prince of believers (P) until his martyrdom).The fourth part is titled (Biography of the holy lady Fatima Al - Zahraa and her infallible sons in the classifications of Ibn Taymiya). It is divided into three chapters, the first of which is titled (Biography of the holy lady and her two noble sons in the classifications of Ibn Taymiya). The second chapter illustrates (The biographies of the guiding Imams in the classifications of Ibn Taymiya). This chapter focused on four of the guiding imams; Imam Zain Al - Abideen Ali Bin Al - Hussein, Imam Mohammed Bin Ali Al - Baqir, Imam Jaafar Bin Mohammed Al - Sadiq, and Imam Mousa Bin Jaafar Al - Kadhim (P). The final chapter in this part shows the opinions of Ibn Taymiya towards the rest of the guiding Imams, starting with Imam Ali Bin Mousa Al - Ridha, then Imam Mohammed Al - Jawad, and his son Imam Ali Al - Hadi, his grandson, Imam Hassan Al - Askari, and concluding with the Imam of the age (may Allah precipitate his relief). This dissertation reached a number of conclusions, foremost among them : 1 - One of the main reasons for the extremism of Ibn Taymiya and his stray is the political, social and environmental conditions in which he lived. Those conditions had a negative effect on his personality, in addition to what he suffered as a result of not having any tribal ties. Nobody was able to find out his tribe, even those closest to him. His most known name, Ibn Taymiya, attributes him to a woman on whom there are no known facts to illustrate her personality, position and role. 2 - The opinions of Ibn Taymiya and his ideas show a clear disturbance in his personality, as he did not agree with any scientist of his time. In fact, he disagreed with all the scientists who preceded him, including those of his own Hanbali sect, and their Imam Ahmed Bin Hanbal. The severity of disagreement with others led to the issue of prison sentences against him a number of times. 3 - In all of his opinions, there was not a trace of a scientific advancement or contribution to any field. Instead, his opinions clearly reflected a similarity, if not a match, to those of the Kharijites. He would attack his opponents with curses, name calling, and foul language. Then he would revile them as infidels, and confiscates their lives, families, and wealth. His fanatic opinions had a distinctive effect on some of the people. They were influenced by his opinions in a way that distorted the features of the Islamic religion. 4 - The opinions of Ibn Taymiya lacks the simplest elements of a scientific opinion. They were not built on sound scientific foundations. They only matched his whims. He would support a certain theory at some time, only to contradict it at other when the conditions of the time and trends change. That goes for his positions towards other scientists; he would support them when he agrees with them, and attacks them when he disagrees. 5 - The most distinctive feature in the heritage of extremism and hatred of Ibn Taymiya is his vile animosity towards the prophet and his descendants. He strayed from the general trend of the nation, by contradicting every praise and miracle that were ever mentioned about the prophet's family.
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