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دراسة تاثير اضافة اوكسيد الخارصين النانوي (ZnO) على الخواص الكهربائية للبولي ستايرين (PS) == Study the Addition effect of Nano Zinc oxide (ZnO) on the Electrical properties of Polystyrene (PS)

اسم المؤلف: موسى محمد علي الموسوي
اسم المشرف: بهاء حسين صالح ربيع المرعب
الموضوع العام: علوم الفيزياء
السنة: 2016
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تم في هذا البحث تحضير متراكب (بولي ستايرين - اوكسيد الخارصين النانوي)(PS - ZnO) باستخدام طريقة الصب (Casting method) وبتراكيز مختلفة من المضاف( اوكسيد الخارصين النانوي ZnO) الى المادة الاساس (PS) . وقد تمت دراسة الخواص الكهربائية ( المتناوبة) لهذا المتراكب (PS - ZnO) اذ تم دراسة التالي : • تاثير تغير التركيز للمضاف في التوصيلية الكهربائية المتناوبة للمتراكب . • تاثير تغير تردد المجال الكهربائي المتناوب المسلط على الخصائص الكهربائية المتناوبة . • في ما يخص الخواص الكهربائية المتناوبة فان ثابت العزل الكهربائي والفقدان العزلي لمتراكب(PS - ZnO) فانهما ينقصان مع زيادة تردد المجال الكهربائي المسلط ويزدادان مع زيادة التركيز للمادة المضافة (ZnO) .• وكذلك فيما يخص بقية الخواص الكهربائية المتناوبة بينت النتائج ان التوصيلية الكهربائية المتناوبة للمتراكب (PS - ZnO) تزداد بزيادة تركيز المضاف (ZnO) للمادة الاساس(PS) , وكذلك تزداد زيادة كبيرة عند زيادة الترددات للمجال الكهربائي المسلط من 1KHz - 5MHz, وتزداد زيادة قليلة ( اشبه بالثابتة تقريبا) عند الترددات العالية هي ما فوق MHz 1.5.• بينت النتائج ان التوصيلية الكهربائية المتناوبة عند زيادة التركيز للمادة المضافة (ZnO) تصل توصيلية المتراكب الى حدود توصيلية المواد شبه الموصلة اي تصل الىΩ.cm) - 1) 10 - 8. | In the present work, the poly styrene - nano zinc oxide has been prepared by using casting method and in different concentrations of nano zinc oxide to the principal material. The alternative electrical properties of PS - ZnO composite has been studied such that The effect of change of concentration for added material or the alternative electrical conductivity for composite. The effect of change of frequency of alternative electric field and change of concentration of added material on the alternative electrical properties. The dielectric properties of PS - ZnO composite decrease with increasing of electric field frequency and increase with increasing of concentration of added material. The results show that the alternative electrical conductivity of PS - ZnO composite increase with increasing the concentration of added material (ZnO), also more increase with increasing the frequencies of electrical field from 1KHz - 5MHz and slow increase in high frequencies up to 1.5MHz.The results shows the alternative electrical conductivity approach to semiconductor conductivity when the added material concentration increase. (σA.C≈1E - 08) (Ω.CM) - 1

تاثير الحجم الجزيئي لاسود الكاربون على الخواص التخميدية لمتراكبات البيوتادين == Effect of carbon black particles size on the damping properties of Butadiene composites

اسم المؤلف: فرزدق كريم عبد معين
اسم المشرف: سمير حسن هادي النصراوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الفيزياء
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الفيزياء
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تم في هذا البحث دراسة تاثير الحجم الجزيئي لاسود الكاربونN326 ,N375 N660) ) على الخواص التخميدية (Rebound Resilience , damping time) واالخواص الميكانيكية (hardness , Specific Gravity) للمطاط الصناعي BRcis المعروف باسم بونا . حيث تم تحضير وتصنيع عجنات مطاطية تتكون من المطاط الصناعي BRcis كمادة اساس . اما بالنسبة لمواد التقوية او المالئات Fillers فهي اسود الكاربونCarbon black (N326 ,N375 N660) . تضمن البحث تحضير 13 عجنة تكون فيها نسب المطاط الصناعي BRcis في كل عجنة (pphr 100( ونسب اسود الكاربون (N326 ,N375 ,N660) كالاتي PPHR ( 0 ,10 ,20 ,30 ,40 ) لكل نوع من انواع اسود الكاربون .حيث اجريت جميع الفحوصات الميكانيكية والتخميدية كلا حسب ASTM الخاصة بها مثل الصلادة بواسطة(IRHD ) حسب المواصفة ASTM D1415 كذلك الوزن النوعي بواسطة جهاز (Densitron) بالاضافة الى الخواص التخميدية مثل الارتدادية او الرجوعية وكذلك زمن التخميد تم قياسهما بواسطة جهازTripsometer) ) حسب المواصفة ASTM D1054. واجريت الفحوصات بعد فلكنت العجنات . لقد اظهرت اختبارات الصلابة (Hardness) والثقل النوعي(Specific Gravity) ان المطاط المدعم باسود الكاربون (N326) اكثر صلابة وثقل نوعي من النوعين (N375 , N660) . وكذلك اظهرت اختبارات الارتدادية (Rebound Resilience) وزمن التخميد (damping time) ان المطاط المدعم باسود الكاربون (N326) يكون اقل ارتدادية وزمن تخميد من النوعين (N375 ,N660) . | In this study the effect of the molecular size of the Carbon black N326, Carbon black N375,and Carbon black N660 on the damping properties (Rebound Resilience, damping time) and Mechanical properties(hardness , specific gravity) synthetic rubber BRcis known as Bona . especially in the tire making .It was prepared and manufacture integration rubber consisting of synthetic rubber BRcis as a basis. As for the material, Fillers are Carbon black N326 , Carbon black N375 , and Carbon black N660 The research includes the preparation of 13 batch where synthetic rubber ratios be BRcis in each batch 100 Per part hundred Rubber(PPHR) , ratios Carbon black N326, Carbon black N375, and Carbon black N660 follows 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 (Per part hundred Rubber)(PPHR) , for each type of black carbon. Where conducted All mechanical tests and damping both by their own American Society for Testing Material (ASTM) such as hardness by International Rubber Hardness Degree (IRHD) according to standard ASTM D1415 as well as the specific gravity by a device (Densitron) in addition to the properties of damping such regressive or reactionary as well as the damping time was measured by (Tripsometer) device according to standard ASTM D1054. The tests were conducted after Vlkint integration. Hardness tests have shown and specific gravity The subsidized rubber Carbon black N326 more solid and specific gravity of the types N375, and N660. the tests showed Rebound Resilience and damping time that the rubber Compatible Carbon black N326 be less regressive and time damping of types N375, and N660

الخصائص المفتاحية للبولي اكريليت Switching Properties of Poly - acrylate == switching properties of poly - acrylate

اسم المؤلف: رائد صالح مجهول
اسم المشرف: خالد حسن بدر العمار
الموضوع العام: علوم الفيزياء
السنة: 2016
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هذا البحث تم دراسة الخواص الكهروبصرية للبولييمر السائل ذو سلسلة جانبية حيث تكون العمود الفقري له من مادة بولي اكرلايت وترتبط معه جانبا مجموعة ميزوجينيه ذات مجموعة راسية CN والتي تعزى لها تباين الخواص العزلية الموجبة المجموعة الميزوجينية مع العمود الفقري يستخدم الفاصل المرن من وحدات المثيل CH2ان الخلايا الكهروبصرية النيماتية التي تم تحضيرها هنا ذات موجية استوائي ولاجل كشف التغيرات الحاصلة داخل الكهروبصرية استخدمنا طريقة انتقال فريدريك حيث تم دراسة عينه من مادة بولييمر وايجاد خواص المفتاحية للبولييمر من خلال دراسة تاثير درجة الحرارة على طول الفاصل والفولتية المسلطة على الخواص الكهروبصرية للبولييمر ان زيادة طول الفاصل المرن يؤدي الى نقصان في الفولتيات العتبة وفولتيات التوجية الكامل (فولتيات التشغيل )كما تبين ذلك ان ازمان الاستجابة للبوليمرات الثلاثة تتناسب طرديا مع طول الفاصل كما تم اثبات ان زيادة الفولتيات المسلطة تؤدي الى نقصان ازمان التشغيل (turn on time) ولا تؤثر على ازمان القطع (time turn off) . | In this research , the electro - optical properties of the liquid polymer with bilateral chain have been studied in which its backbone is of poly - acrylate and it is connected bilaterally with mazojinah group with anchored group C - N which is attributed for variation of the isolation positive properties for the almizojinah group with a backbone that uses a flexible separation of the methyl units CH2.The electro - optical nematic cells prepared with a tropical wave and for the sake of detecting changes taking place inside electro - optical, the researcher has used Frederick method of transmission where a sample of the polymer material has been studied and found key properties of the polymer through the study of the effect of temperature on the length of the interval and voltages hanging over the electro - optical properties of the polymer, the increase in the length of the flexible interval leads to a decrease in the threshold voltages and voltages full guidance (operating voltages).The times of the response of the three polymers are directly proportional to the length of the interval and it is also proved that the increase of the voltages meted leads to a decrease in ( turn on times) and it does not affect (turn off times).

تاثير التقوية بالاطيان على بعض الخصائص للمتراكب بوليمري PS - PVA == Effect of clays reinforcing on some Properties of polymer composite

اسم المؤلف: حسين حيدر حسين
اسم المشرف: فؤاد شاكر هاشم الجبوري
الموضوع العام: علوم الفيزياء
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الفيزياء
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: من خلال البحث تبين ان اضافة مسحوق معدن الكاوؤلينايت الى بوليمر ( PS - PVA)ادى الى تحسين الخصائص نتيجة لظهور تغييرا مستمرا في الخصائص البصرية.اظهرت قياسات FT - IR ان المواد المستخدمة في البحث ( البولي ستايرين والبولي فينيل الكحول) بدرجة عالية من النقاوة وهي مطابقة للمواصفات العالمية المعمول بها. التحليل المعدني لمسحوق طين الكاؤولين بواسطة تقنية XRD يدل على ان المكون الرئيسي في المادة المالئة هو معدن Aluminum silica Hydroxide Al2 Si2O5 (OH) 4 وعدم وجود اي نسب من الاكاسيد والاملاح غير المرغوب فيها.اعلى قيمة للامتصاصية في المنطقة فوق البنفسجية اي ضمن المدى (200 - 270) nm وتبلغ ذروتها عند الطول الموجي250 nm لاغشية متراكب PS مع مضاف مسحوق معدن الكاوؤلينايت المحفز بعدها يكون البوليمر نافذا للضوء ولجميع النماذج . لذا يعتبر البوليمر مادة ماصة جيدة للموجات فوق البنفسجية فيستعمل لاغراض الحماية او غطاء واقي من اشعة الشمس فيمكن استخدامه لخزن الادوية وطلاء الاطارات لمنع وصول الاشعة فوق البنفسجية لهذه المواد. كذلك يمكن صنع نظارات شمسية من المتراكب البوليمري لغرض حماية العين البشرية من الاشعة فوق البنفسجية بسبب نفاذيتها القليلة لها تقل فجوة الطاقة لاغشية متراكب PS مع مضاف مسحوق معدن الكاوؤلينايت المحفز وهذا يعود الى زيادة المستويات الموضعية بين حزمتي التكافؤ والتوصيل لذا يمكن ان تستخدم في صنع متحسسات وكواشف بوليمرية وكذلك في الخلايا الشمسية. | The studying it is showed that adding the powder of(kaolin metal to polymer PS which is caused to improve the particulates because of appearing continuous changing in optical properties. FTIR measurements cleared that the used materials through the search (polystyrene and polyvinalcahol with a high degree of pureness which is conformable with inform international specification. The metallic analysis of kaolin clay by (XRD) technique points that the main component in the surfeited is the metal of Aluminum Silica Hydroxide Al2 Si2O5 (OH)4 with out any rate of unwanted oxide or salts . High degree of absorption during ultrasonic radiation area other way during (200 - 270) nm range which reaches the climax at wavelength 250nm superposed filmy PS with adding kaolin metal powder catalyzer, the polymer becomes light traverse for all kinds. So the polymer considers as a good absorbent material for ultrasonic wave that uses for protection and as a faceplate from sunbeam , it also can be used for medicine storage ; tyres painting to protect from ultrasonic radiation and sunglasses production to protect the eye from ultrasonic radiation because of its low permeability . The energy gaps of superposed filmies becomes less PS with adding catalyzer kaolin metal powder and this happens between equivalent bunches and conductance , So this can be used to produce sensors and polymer detect as well as solar cell.

الكتب النادرة في المكتبة المركزية لجامعة البصرة : دراسة حالة == Rare Books in The Central Library of the University of Basra : A Case Study

اسم المؤلف: فرح عبد الجبار رحيم
اسم المشرف: رابحة كاظم حريب العتابي
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: المكتبات
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يهدف البحث الى التعرف على ما تقتنيه المكتبة المركزية في جامعة البصرة من كتب نادرة ومعرفة عددها واتجاهاتها الموضوعية والجهات المسؤولة عن تاليفها ونشرها واماكن نشرها وطرق ووسائل الحصول عليها .وقد استخدم منهج دراسة الحالة لانجاز هذا البحث وتفحص كل ما يتوفر من كتب نادرة في قسم المخطوطات والكتب النادرة لغرض جمع المعلومات الخاصة بها فضلا عن المقابلة مع مسؤولة القسم والمدير الفني في المكتبة وقد خرج البحث بمجموعة من النتائج اهمها : 1 - يحتوي قسم المخطوطات والكتب النادرة في المكتبة المركزية لجامعة البصرة على (683) كتاب نادر والاغلبية من الكتب النادرة باللغة العربية ويبلغ عددها (682) وكتاب واحد فقط باللغة الانكليزية حيث جاءت الكتب النادرة باللغة العربية بنسبة (99,86 %) وبالغة الانكليزية (0,14 %) 2 - ان مجموع العاملين في القسم بلغ (2) وهم حاملين شهادة الاعدادية . 3 - ان من اهم الطرق والوسائل التي تحصل بها المكتبة المركزية على الكتب النادرة هي عن طريق الشراء وبنسبة (86,60 %) والاهداء بنسبة (3,39 %) اما اهم التوصيات التي خرج بها البحث هي : 1 - الاهتمام باقتناء وشراء الكتب النادرة من قبل المنظمات والهيئات عن طريق (اهداء ، تبادل ، شراء)2 - ايجاد صيغة من التعاون بين مراكز المعلومات والمكتبات في جامعة البصرة ومراكز ومكتبات جامعات القطر وخارج القطر وذلك لتيسير عملية الحصول على الكتب النادرة المطلوبة من قبل الباحثين .3 - العمل على ترميم وصيانة الكتب النادرة وذلك للحفاظ عليها من التلف والضياع ومتابعة ذلك بشكل مستمر فضلا عن اشراك العاملين في القسم بدورات تدريبية في مجال صيانة وترميم الكتب النادرة ورفع كفاءتهم في مجال التعامل معها | This Research aims at documenting What The Central Library in University of Basra Contains of Rare Books , How many of Rare Books are there , their topics dierctions , their publishing authorities , locations of their publications and ways and methods to have them . A case study has been used to conduct the subject research by examining all Rare Books Found in the department , interviewing the Responsible manager and technical director in order to collect the information needed . Some Of important conclusions this study has reached , are as below : 1 - Rarities department in The central Library of the University of Basra contains (683) Rare books and the majority of Rare books in Arabic numbering (682) and only one book in English , where Rare books in Arabic (99.86%) and in English (0.14%).2 - Total employees in the department are (2) , they've got a certificate preparatory (50%).3 - One of the main ways and means to get out on The central Library of Rare books is (86.60%) by purchase and (3.39%) by gifting . Also this study offers some important recommendations .They are : 1 - Interest in acquiring and purchase rare books by organizations and bodies through (gifting , supplying , baying ) .2 - Fina a formula of cooperation between the information centers at the University of Basra and centers and libraries of Universities in the country and outside the country in order to facilitate the process of obtaining the required rare books by Researchers .3 - work on the restoration and maintenance of rare books to keep them from damage and loss and follow that continuously . furthermore , to join the employees of the department in training courses for restoration and maintenance of rare book to raise their efficiency in dealing with rare books .

الاتجاهات الموضوعية للرسائل الجامعية في قسم الجغرافيا - كلية الاداب - جامعة البصرة : دراسة تحليلية == Subject Trends for the University Theses and Dissertations in the Department of Geography - College of Arts\ Basra University : Analytical Study

اسم المؤلف: علياء جبار عبود الزبيدي
اسم المشرف: سلمان جودي داود الاسدي
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: المعلومات
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: استهدف هذا البحث التعريف بالرسائل الجامعية في قسم الجغرافيا - كلية الاداب / جامعة البصرة والبالغ عددها من حيث رسائل الماجستير (78 رسالة ماجستير) والدكتوراه (63 رسالة دكتوراه) للمدة من (1986 - 2014) وتم توزيعها من حيث الدرجة العلمية وجنس كاتبها وتوزيعها موضوعيا وزمنيا, وقد اتبع المنهج المسحي لانجاز البحث, وكذلك تم توزيع الرسائل حسب رؤوس الموضوعات.وقد خرج البحث بنتائج عدة منها : 1 - اغلب الرسائل الجامعية في قسم الجغرافيا (141رسالة جامعية) اتجهت نحو موضوع الجغرافيا البشرية وبنسبة 68,08% وهذه الاغلبية لموضوع الجغرافيا البشرية كانت في رسائل الماجستير واطروحات الدكتوراه ايضا.2 - من بين الموضوعات الفرعية للجغرافيا البشرية حظي موضوع الجغرافيا الزراعية باعلى نسبة من الرسائل الجامعية في قسم الجغرافيا (17,02%) فيما جاء الموضوع الفرعي جغرافية المدن بالمرتبة الثانية من حيث عدد الرسائل الجامعية وبنسبة (12,05%).3 - بلغ عدد رؤوس الموضوعات المغطاة للرسائل الجامعية في قسم الجغرافية(193) راس موضوع وبمعدل (1,36) راس لكل رسالة وقد حظي راس الموضوع (البصرة _جغرافيا) باعلى عدد من الرسائل (11رسالة جامعية).4 - لم تظهر رسائل جامعية في قسم الجغرافيا تتناول بعض الموضوعات وخصوصا الحديثة مثل (الاستشعار عن بعد، جغرافية الكوارث, الجغرافية الفلكية) وغيرها. وقد يرجع سبب ذلك لعدم توفر مشرفين متخصصين في هذه الموضوعات من ناحية ولافتقار المناهج الدراسية الخاصة بالدراسات العليا لمثل هذه الموضوعات وكذلك افتقار القسم للتقنيات والاجهزة الضرورية لتدريس مثل هذه الموضوعات.وقد اوصى البحث بتوصيات عدة منها : 1 - دعوة اللجنة العلمية في قسم الجغرافيا الى حث طلبة الدراسات العليا على الكتابة في موضوعات حديثة لم يتم تناولها من قبل على ان يرافق ذلك توفير وتهيئة المستلزمات المناسبة من المشرفين والمختبرات والاجهزة والادوات.2 - تهيئة المستلزمات الضرورية كتوفير خدمة الانترنت سواء في قسم الجغرافيا او مكتبات الجامعة ومن الضروري ايضا الاشتراك بقواعد البيانات والمواقع المتخصصة بعلم الجغرافيا. | The Purpose of this Research is to Recognize the Theses and Dissertations at the Department of Geography - College of Arts/University of Basra for the Period from (1986 - 2014) in Terms of Degree and Sex of the Author and Distribute Objectively and Temetable. The Survey System Was Followed to Complete this Research. The Research Also Distribution and theses according to Subject Headings. This Research got Several Results Like : 1 - Most Messages at Geography dept(141messages),they Turned to the Subject of Human Geography and by 68,08% and the Majority of Human Geography Was the Subject of the M.A thesis and ph.d theses as well.2 - Among the Sub - themes of Human Geography, the Subject of Agricultural Geography, Gets the Highest percentage of theses in the Department of Geography Alepeshraa(17,02%)While the Sub - theme was Urban Geography in second blace in terms of the number of theses and by (12,05%).3 - The number of headings of topics which covered by the university for messages in the geography department (193) head of subject at arate(1,36%) hear for each messages, the subject of(Al - Basrah - geographical) has won the highest number of messages (Thesis 11).4 - There arent thesis in the Department of Geography to discusses some topics, especially the modern such as (Remote sensing, geographically disasters, astronomical geography)and others, the reason is the lack of supervisors specialists in this subject on the one hand and the lack of special curriculums for postgraduate studies for such this topic as well as alack section of techniques and necessary devices to teach such topics. Aresearch recommended on sevral recommendations including : 1 - Calling the Scientific Committee of the Department of Geography on urging postgraduate students to write in modern topics not addressed before and that must be accompanied by providing and warm up approprtiate requisites of supervisors, laboratories and instruments and tools.2 - Create the necessary supplies, such as providing Internet service, both in the Department of Geography or university libraries, it is necessary to also subscribe to databases and websites specialized knowledge of geography

استخدام الوثيقة في الرسائل الجامعية في كلية الاداب قسم التاريخ : دراسة تحليلية == The use of documents in Theses in the college of - Arts ,Department of History

اسم المؤلف: رشا فاضل عبد الحسن
اسم المشرف: ھالة غالب الناھي
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: المعلومات
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Rasha Fadhil Abdulhasan .The using of documents in Theses in the college of arts ,Department of History : An analytical study - University of Basra .Supervised by Hala khalib Al - Nahi,Tawfeeq Dawwai AI - hajjaj(Diploma Higher Research - university of Basra , college of Arts ,Department of library and Information,201 6 Key words : 1 - Documents 2 - Theses 3 - disserta????ons 4 - reference citations 5 - University of Basra ,College of arts , Department of History.This research aims to identify the usage for the Documents in Theses and Dissertations inside College of Arts ,Department of History ,Distributing it Numerically , objectively and linguistically ,appointing the specialties are utmost applying documentation and also identifying the percentage of using doc subjects of theses and dissertations using documents in the theses and disserta????ons in comparison with its gross total (64 theses and dissertations )and also identifying the subjects of theses and dissertations used mostly the quotations from documents, identifying types of documents are quoted in theses and dissertations . this study applied analytical mode for documents are used in theses and dissertations and concluded several results , the most important of which are : 1 - modern and contemporary history are most departments that use documents. It has been shown that most of the subjects of the theses and dissertation that use document it is the political one with a percentage of (50%) of the total number of theses and dissertations.Ana the study came up with several recommendation which is : 1 - Taking care with documents in the historical studies so as to help the researcher to deal with such documents and to provide him with the necessary information to enable him for criticism and historical analysis .2 - Acurricalam for studying documents at the elementary stages of the History Department should be allocated due to its shortage in the department such a curriculum is so necessary to guide researchers to study the investigation rules of the documents comprehensively. -

الاعراض السميه في الجهاز الهضمي نتيجة للعلاج الشعاعي الجذري في منطقة الحوض, الانواع, الشده والتواتر == Acute Gastrointestinal radiation toxicities in pelvic radiation therapy; types, grade and frequency

اسم المؤلف: هديل ماجد علي رشيد
اسم المشرف: خضير جاسم صبيح الرواق
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاشعة العلاجية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • acute toxicities
  • radiation therapy
  • pelvic organ cancer.
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: نوعية الحياة للناجين من السرطان قد تتضرربصورة مباشرة بسمية الامعاء؛ نتيجة للعلاج بالاشعاع في منطقة الحوض. 12000 مريض في المملكة المتحدة يعالج سنويا بالعلاج الاشعاعي الجذري لانواع الامراض السرطانية في منطقة الحوض؛ وهذا ينطوي على مخاطر كبيرة للاثار الجانبية للانسجة المحيطة العادي. الغرض من الدراسة الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو تحديد تواتر وانواع السمية المعدية المعوية الحادة في العلاج الاشعاعي الجذري لمنطقة الحوض في بلدنا وذلك ليمكننا من اجراء مقارنة مع الغرب في هذا الصدد, بطريقة تساعدنا في تطوير الاستراتيجيات الملائمة للوقاية والعلاج. المنهجية البحث عباره عن دراسه تحليليه مستقبليه, تم اجراءها في مركز العلاج النووي والعلاج الشعاعي/ مستشفى الاورام التعليمي في مجمع مدينة الطب في بغداد, من الاول من شهر كانون الثاني ولغاية الثلاثين من شهر نيسان لسنة 2016. الدراسه شملت 53 مريضا مؤكد بالزرع النسيجي مصابين بسرطان المثانة, الرحم، وسرطان عنق الرحم، والمستقيم، وسرطان البروستاتا، يتم علاجهم بالعلاج الاشعاعي الجذرية، التحقوا جميعا بالدراسة بعد موافقة عن علم وفقا لمعايير اشتمال واستبعاد. تم تقييم المرضى للتردد، وانواع ودرجة السمية المعدية المعوية الحادة وفقا لتصنيف معايير اثار الجانبية على اساس المنظمة الاوربية للبحوث والعلاج ولجنة معايير السمية مشتركة، في بداية، خلال وفي نهاية العلاج الشعاعي. وقد تم تحليل البيانات بواسطة برنامج البرمجيات "الحزمة الاحصائية" للعلوم الاجتماعية, اصدار 20).النتيجة من اصل 53 مريضا، 60.37% (n = 32) كانت انثى و39.62% (n = 21) من الذكور. سرطان بطانة الرحم تمثل 30.18% (n = 16) من الحالات، كانت سرطانات عنق الرحم 24.52% (ن = 13)، سرطان المستقيم 11.32% (n = 6)، سرطان المثانة 24.52% (ن = 13) وسرطان البروستاتا 9.43% (ن = 5) من مجموع الحالات. الاسهال لوحظ في 27 من اصل 53 مريضا(50.9%), 15 مريض كان يعاني من الالم (28.3%) بينما الامساك والغثيان والقي مثلوا (22.6%). كان معظم السميه متمثل بالمرحله الاولى ووجد فقط مريضان بوضع المرحله الثالثه (الاسهال 4.7%). الاستنتاج تواتر وشدة السمية الحادة في الجهاز الهضمي كانت ترتبط بزيادة جرعة الاشعاع، جنبا الى جنب مع استخدام العلاج الكيميائي, والتداخل الجراحي | Background : quality of life of cancer survivors is adversely impacted by bowel toxicity; result from pelvic radiation therapy. In the UK, 12000 patients are treated with radical radiation therapy for pelvic cancer, mostly with curative intent; this carries a considerable risk for normal surrounding tissues side effects.Objective : the aim of this study was to determine the frequency and types of acute gastrointestinal toxicity in radical pelvic radiation therapy in our patients so that a comparison could be made with the West in this aspect which would help us in developing appropriate strategies for its prevention and better management. Patients and Methods : a prospective analytic study was carried out in Radiotherapy department / Oncology teaching hospital / Medical city complex, from the 2nd of January to the 30th of April 2016.A total of 53 patients with histologically confirmed uterine, cervical, rectal, urinary bladder or prostatic cancer, treated by radical radiation therapy, were enrolled in the study after informed consent according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were assessed for the frequency, types and grade of acute gastrointestinal toxicities according to grading criteria of side effect based on RTOG (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group) /EORTC (European Organization for Research and Treatment) and CTC (Common Toxicities Criteria), at the start, during and at the end of the treatment. The data was analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 20) software.Result : Diarrhea occur in 27 out of 53 patients (50.9%), 15 patients had pain (28.3%) while constipation and nausea and vomiting were 22.6% (n=12/53) each. The majority had grade 1 toxicities and only 2 patients developed grade 3 diarrhea (4.7%).Conclusion : The frequency and severity of acute gastrointestinal radiation toxicities were associated with increase dose of radiation therapy, combined with the used of chemotherapy therapy and the presence of surgery.Background : quality of life of cancer survivors is adversely impacted by bowel toxicity; result from pelvic radiation therapy. In the UK, 12000 patients are treated with radical radiation therapy for pelvic cancer, mostly with curative intent; this carries a considerable risk for normal surrounding tissues side effects.Objective : the aim of this study was to determine the frequency and types of acute gastrointestinal toxicity in radical pelvic radiation therapy in our patients so that a comparison could be made with the West in this aspect which would help us in developing appropriate strategies for its prevention and better management. Patients and Methods : a prospective analytic study was carried out in Radiotherapy department / Oncology teaching hospital / Medical city complex, from the 2nd of January to the 30th of April 2016.A total of 53 patients with histologically confirmed uterine, cervical, rectal, urinary bladder or prostatic cancer, treated by radical radiation therapy, were enrolled in the study after informed consent according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were assessed for the frequency, types and grade of acute gastrointestinal toxicities according to grading criteria of side effect based on RTOG (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group) /EORTC (European Organization for Research and Treatment) and CTC (Common Toxicities Criteria), at the start, during and at the end of the treatment. The data was analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 20) software.Result : Diarrhea occur in 27 out of 53 patients (50.9%), 15 patients had pain (28.3%) while constipation and nausea and vomiting were 22.6% (n=12/53) each. The majority had grade 1 toxicities and only 2 patients developed grade 3 diarrhea (4.7%).Conclusion : The frequency and severity of acute gastrointestinal radiation toxicities were associated with increase dose of radiation therapy, combined with the used of chemotherapy therapy and the presence of surgery.

معرفة , اتجاه وسلوك النساء الحوامل عن فقر الدم خلال الحمل في مستشفي بغداد التعليمي 2016 == Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Pregnant Women about Anemia during Pregnancy in Baghdad Teaching Hospital - 2016

اسم المؤلف: رؤى صفاء سعيد
اسم المشرف: علياء مكي حسن الصافي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: طب العائلة
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Back ground : Anemia constitutes a public health problem worldwide, in both developed and developing countries.Aims : 1) assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of pregnant women about anemia 2) assess the association between knowledge of pregnant women and their socio - demographic variances 3) assess the association between the practice of pregnant women and their socio - demographic variances. Methods : The study was cross - sectional, carried out in among pregnant Baghdad Teaching Hospital, from 25th February to 28th April, 2016. A total of 300 pregnant women participated in the study. The tool of study was questionnaire. Chi - square test was used to test the statistical significance (p - value< 0.05).Results : The study revealed 63.3% of pregnant women had good knowledge, positive attitude found in 65.3% and health practice in 59.3% among pregnant women regarding anemia, the study show association between the knowledge of the pregnant woman and educational level of her and her husband, also there is association between the practice of pregnant woman and her occupation.Conclusion : A noticeable general good level of knowledge , attitude and practice among pregnant women regarding anemia during pregnancy ,level of knowledge in pregnant woman associated with the educational level of her and her husband and healthy practice increase in employed pregnant woman.Recommendations : Raise the level of knowledge and practice for prevention, learn pregnant women healthy dietary habit and encourage pregnant women to early registration in primary health care center.

انتشار ومتنبات الاكتئاب لدى عينة من المرضى المصابين بداء الذاب الحمامي المجموعي == Prevalence and Predictors of Depression in a Sample of patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

اسم المؤلف: زهراء عدنان
اسم المشرف: فائق ايشو كوريال | مشتاق طالب هاشم
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - المفاصل
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: المرضى والطرائق : شملت الدراسة المقطعية (60) مريضا مصابا بداء الذاب الحمامي المجموعي تم تشخيصهم حسب المعاييرالمطورة التشخيصية بواسطة الكلية الامريكية لامراض الرثية.تم جمع بيانات المرضى الديموغرافية والسريرية بما في ذلك العمر والجنس ومعيار كتلة الجسم وحالة التدخين والحالة الزوجية والحالة الوضيفية واعراض سابقة لشمول الجهاز العصبي المركزي ومدة المرض وفاعلية المرض بواسطة مقياس فاعلية المرض لداء الذاب الحمامي ,الادوية المستخدمة وتحاليل الدم وشاكلة الاضداد. تم تحري جميع المرضى بواسطة المعايير التشخيصية لنوبة الاكتئاب الرئيسية د س م 5 . النتائج : نسبة انتشار الاكتئاب كانت (31.7%),نسبة الاكتاب الحاد لوحظت في (13.3%) من الحالات بينما كانت نسبة الاكتئاب المتوسط الشدة (8.3%).علاوة على ذالك الحالات الفعالة حسب مقياس فاعلية المرض لداء الذاب الحمامي12< مثلت اعلى نسب الاكتئاب(40%).مقارنتا ب(20%) لحالات المرض الخفيفة الى متوسطة الشدة.لا توجد هناك اهمية اواحصائية معتد بها للفرق في معدل فاعلية المرض لداء الذاب الحمامي بين الفئات شديدة الاكتئاب) .(p>0.05المستوى التعليمي كانت له علاقة عكسية مع الاكتئاب معتد بها احصائيا,مرضى داء الذاب الحمامي من غير تعليم رسمي كانت لهم اعلى نسب الاكتئاب (85.7%)مقارنتا لمعدل مابين (21.7%و29.4%)لمن مستوى تعليمهم اعلى.خطورة الاصابة بالاكتئاب لم تكن مختلفة في حالة وجود اوغياب اعراض تخص شمولية الجهاز العصبي المركزي بالمرض(33.3%و3.35)على التوالي.العمر والجنس والحالة الزوجية والحالة الوظيفية لايوجد لهراابط ملحوظ او معتد احصائيا مع الاكتئاب.الادوية التي سبق للمريض تعاطيها والتي تشمل اي من البريدنيزولون ,هايدروكسي كلوروكوين,سايكلوفوسفامايد ,ازاثيوبرين ,مايكوفينوليت موفتيل ,ميثوتريكسيت ,كلوروكوين ,لا توجد لها اهمية او رابط احصائي معتد مع الاكتئاب.لا توجد اهمية ملحوضة او معتدة احصائيا لتاثير وجود نتيجة ايجابية لاضداد النوى ,اضداد دي ان اي ذو الطاقين وعوز المتممة (ج3و /او ج 4)على نسبة الاصابة بالاكتاب. الاستنتاجات : نسبة الاكتئاب لدى المرضى المصابين بداء الذاب الحمامي المجموعي شائعة نسبيا.وتزداد مع زيادة فعالية المرض. المستوى التعليمي كانت له علاقة عكسية مع الاكتئاب معتد بها احصائيا. | Background : Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multi - systemic auto immune inflammatory disease in which genetic and environmental factors implicated in its pathogenesis. Depression is a potentially life - threatening disorder that affects hundreds of millions of people all over the world. The World Health Organization has ranked depression the 4th leading cause of disability worldwide.Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and predictors of depression in a sample of Iraqi patients with SLE if present. Patients and methods : This cross - sectional study involved 60 patients with SLE diagnosed according to revised American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria. Demographics and clinical data were collected including age, sex, BMI, smoking status, marital status, unemployment, educational status, crowding index, history of CNS involvement and disease duration. Disease activity for SLE was assessed with the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Medications used, blood investigations and autoantibody profile were collected, all subjects were screened for depression by using the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders - 5 ( DSM5) diagnostic criteria of depression.Results : The prevalence of depression was (31.7%). A severe form of depression was observed in 13.3% of SLE cases, while a mild degree of depression was elicited in 8.3% of the cases. Furthermore, cases with a severe form of disease evaluated by SLEDAI score >12 had an obviously higher rate of depression (40%) compared to 20% among those with mild or moderate disease. There was no important or statistically significant difference in median SLEDAI score between depression severity categories (p more than 0.05). Educational level had a statistically significant negative association with depression, SLE cases with no formal education had the highest rate of depression (85.7%) compared to a rate between 21.7% and 29.4% for higher level of educational attainment. The risk of having depression was not different in the presence or absence of central nervous system (CNS) involvement (33.3% and 31.3% respectively), age, gender, marital status and employment status had no obvious or statistically significant association with depression. The history of using each of prednisolone, hydroxychloroquine, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, mycophenylate, methotrexate and chloroquine had no important or statistically significant association with depression. Also the presence of antinuclear antibodies and anti - double stranded Deoxyribo nucleic acid (DNA) antibodies and the decrease in complement (C3 and/or C4) had no important or statistically significant effect on the presence of depression.Conclusions : The prevalence of depression in SLE patients was relatively high. SLE disease severity increase depression rate. Educational level had statistically negative association with depression

اثار حبوب منع الحمل الفومية احادية الطور على فعالية عامل التخثر السابع ومستوى ثنائي ال دي - دايمر في النساء الاصحاء والبدينات == The Effect of Regular Monophasic Oral Contraceptive Pills on Factor VII Activity and D - dimer Level in Healthy and Obese Women

اسم المؤلف: اسراء سعدي عباس
اسم المشرف: هيثم احمد الربيعي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - الدم
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The combined oral contraceptive pill includes a combination of estrogen and progestin. Clinical and epidemiological studies indicate that the use of these pills is associated with an increased risk of thrombotic disorder including both deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.The pathogenesis of increased thrombotic risk with pills use is that the estrogen content in the pills has many effects on coagulation system that results in shifting of the hemostatic balance toward a prothrombotic state.Obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. Body mass index is commonly used to classify overweight and obesity. It is an independent risk factor for venous thromboembolism and increases the risk of thrombosis 2 - fold, since obese individuals have higher levels of several procoagulant factors. There may be an additional risk of thrombosis caused by venous stasis that also occurs with obesity. Oral contraceptive use in conjunction with obesity increases the risk of thrombosis about 10 - fold.Aim of the studyTo assess the level of FVII activity, D - dimer level, and other hemostatic changes in healthy non - obese and obese women on contraceptive pills and compare them to that found in normal healthy non - user women.Patient, materials and methodsThis case - control study included 50 females attending the family planning clinic at Baghdad Teaching Hospital of Medical City. TheyIIIwere regularly using monophasic regular dose estrogen containing combined oral contraceptive pills (Microgynon® ED Fe) for at least 3 months. Their ages were between 18 and 45 years. Females on pills were divided into 2 groups :  Non - obese group : enrolled 25 females with BMI of < 30 kg/m2 (15/25 females were overweight, and 10/25 were of normal weight) Obese group : composed of 25 females with BMI of ≥ 30 kg/m2Twenty five healthy, non - obese (16/25 were overweight and 9/25 had normal weight), age - matched non - pregnant females neither on pills, nor taking any hormonal therapy and having no history of malignancy or previous thrombosis, were assigned as a control group.Relevant clinical data were collected from all participants. Weight and height were measured (in kilograms and centimeters, respectively), and then the BMI was calculated accordingly for each participant.Platelet counts were measured by a hematology auto - analyzer (Cell - DYN, RUBY ABBOTT Diagnostic, USA). Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and factor VII activity were measured using semi - automated coagulometer (STart4®, DIAGNOSTICA STAGO/France). D - dimer levels were measured by turbidimetric immunoassay using an automated analyzer (ARCHITECT c4000, Abbott Diagnostics, USA).ResultsThere was significant reduction in prothrombin time in the non - obese, obese, and pills users groups compared to that in the control group (P= 0.014, 0.020, and 0.006 respectively), while the activated partial thromboplastin time was insignificantly reduced in all of these groups.Moreover 22% of pills user cases had shortened prothrombin time compared to the lower limit of prothrombin time in the control group (11.8 sec), and 8% of them were found to have shortened activated partial thromboplastin time compared to the lower limit of activated partial thromboplastin time in the control group (24.6 sec).The correlations between the duration of pills use (< 1 year and > 1 year) and prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time showed statistically insignificant differences in both study groups.The factor VII activity in the non - obese, obese, and pills users groups were significantly higher than that of the control group (P= 0.041, 0.001, and 0.004 respectively). It had been observed that 22% of pills user cases had FVII activity above the highest value of activity that was found in the control group (95%). Also there was a significant inverse correlation between the prothrombin time and factor VII activity with P - value of 0.008.The D - dimer levels were found to be significantly higher in the non - obese and obese group compared to that of the control group (P= 0.029 and 0.038, respectively). The mean D - dimer of the pills users group was insignificantly higher than that of the control group, P value = 0.053.The platelet count was insignificantly increased in the non - obese group when compared with that in the control group (P= 0.106), while it was significantly increased in the obese and pills users groups compared with that in the control (P = 0.027, and 0.034, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences in the means of prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, factor VII activity, D - dimer level, and platelet count between the non - obese and obese groups (P > 0.05).

تقييم عدم تزامن انقباضية البطين الايسر لدى مرضى ارتفاع ضغط الدم ممن يمتلكون قوة ضخ ضمن المعدل الطبيعي == Echocardiographic assessment of Left Ventricular Dyssynchrony in Hypertensive Patients with Normal Systolic Function

اسم المؤلف: مروة طارق محمد
اسم المشرف: علي ال ياسين
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: صدى القلب
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: congestive heart failure,the majority of such patients have systemic hypertension. Recent studies have demonstrated Left Ventricular dyssynchrony among patients with heart failure and normal systolic function.The co - existence between Left Ventricular dyssynchrony and hypertension with normal systolic function (with no clinical evidence of heart failure), is less well understood.The Aim of study : To assess the Left Ventricular dyssynchrony among hypertensive patients with normal systolic function by using Tissue doppler imaging.To find out the associations between the LV dyssynchrony and other global echocardiographic findings like (LA volume index, LVmass index , LV sephericity and LV filling pressure E/E) .Patients and method Prospective case - control study conducted in Baghdad Teaching Hospital from 1st of June 2015 to 30th of May 2016 .Study included two groups of people, a 40 age_ matched healthy (control) group (group1) and 60 patients with established hypertension (group 2). A Complete 2 - D and TDI echocardiography studies with simulitnous ECG were performed for all patients. Examination involved LV septal and posterior wall thicknesses, internal dimensions, left atrial size, ejection fraction and tissue doppler derived waves velocities E', E/E.' Dyssynchrony was determined by measuring T - P max ( the maximal time difference from the onset of QRS to peak systolic velocity on TDI between any opposing LV wall in 3 apical views) .Results : The study included 40 age - matched control people, 27males (67.5%) and 13 females (32.5%) with a male to female ratio was 1.8 : 1, ranging from (42.4 - 58y) with mean age was (50.2 ±7.8y ) (group 1) and 60 hypertensive patients, 38 males (63.3%) and 22 females (36.7%) with a male to female ratio was 1.7 : 1, ranging from (48.5 - 66.5y) with mean age of (57.5± 9.0 y) (group 2) .Left Ventricular dyssynchrony was identified in 20 of 60 patients (33.3%) .Dyssynchrony had no significant association with age and BSA. Dyssynchrony was significantly associated with LA volume index (r = 0.61, p=0.001), LV mass index (r=0.52 ,p=0.001) , LV sphericity index (r= 0.5, p = 0.003) ) and LV filling pressure (r=0.6 , p value=0.001) . Dyssynchrony had significant negative correlation with ( E) velocity (r= - 0.7 ,P =0.001) .

شيوع متلازمة الم الليف العضلي بين عينة من النساء العراقيات المصابات بالعقم == Prevalence of Fibromyalgia among a Sample of Women with Infertility

اسم المؤلف: رسل عبد الامير شاكر
اسم المشرف: نزار عبد اللطيف جاسم | الاء حازم بدر
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - المفاصل
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Fibromyalgia is the current term for chronic widespreadmusculoskeletal pain for which no alternative cause can be identified, itfrequently affects women of fertile age. Fibromyalgia is a debilitating andfrustrating syndrome that is usually triggered by psychological orphysical stressful events. Infertility is failure to achieve pregnancy in a 12month period for patients under 35 years of age and failure to conceive ina 6 months period for the over 35 years that causes major psychosocialimpact on infertile person life whether male or female.Aims of the studyTo estimate the prevalence of fibromyalgia among a sample ofinfertile women; and to study its correlation with age, duration ofmarriage, and duration and type of infertility.Patients and MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted in Kamal Al - SamarraeeInfertility Center & Infertility Clinic in Baghdad Teaching Hospital on202 infertile women. Personal information, sociodemographic featuresand obstetrical history of each patient were recorded and fibromyalgiawas diagnosed according to 2012 Canadian Guidelines for Diagnosis andManagement of Fibromyalgia.ResultsFibromyalgia was reported in 48 women (23.8%). There wassignificant association between fibromyalgia and age (P=0.023), longerduration of marriage (P=0.001) and longer duration of infertilityVIII(P=0.04), but no significant association with type of infertility whetherprimary or secondary(P=0.32).ConclusionsThe prevalence of fibromyalgia among infertile women was higher than reported in general population and its occurrence was significantly associated with age, longer duration of marriage and infertility.

نوعية الحياة اثناء العلاج الشعاعي الخارجي للراس والرقبة == Quality of Life During Head and Neck External Beam Radiotherapy

اسم المؤلف: علي غالب محمود
اسم المشرف: خضير جاسم صبيح الرواق
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاشعة العلاجية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Worldwide, head and neck carcinoma is the sixth most common cancer accounting for 2.8% of all malignancies. Radiotherapy plays an integral role in their management and it is used in approximately 60 - 70% of cases. Even withrecent advancements in the radiation therapy it is still associated with certain treatment - induced reactions that may affect the quality of life of patients during and after treatment. This study aim to evaluate the radiation induced early side effects in patients receiving external beam radiotherapy for the treatment of a head and neck carcinoma.Patients and methods This study is an observational descriptive cross - sectional survey, with the target population being patients whom had external beam radiotherapy for a head and neck tumor whom are within 180 days from starting treatment. Forty patientswere included, all received external beam radiotherapy to the head and neck region at the Oncology Teaching Center / Radiation Therapy Department at the Medical City Complex with either a radical or adjuvant intent. The data were collected from 1st of January 2016 to 1st of March 2016. All patients were evaluated for the early side effects of external beam radiotherapy to the head and neck region including fatigue, skin dermatitis, voice changes, xerostomia, altered taste, oral mucositis, and dysphagia. As well as the incidence of patients who required a tracheostomy and/or a gastrostomy after initiation of radiotherapy, and that of those who developed a significant weight loss (>10% of their initial weight).ResultsIn this study, dysphagia occurred in 88% of the studied patients, only 1 patient (3%) developed a grade 4 dysphagia and required a gastrostomy. Of the 40 patients who were studied, 14 patients (35%) had a significant weight loss ≥10% of their initial weight. Xerostomia occurred in 85% of the studied patients, while fatigue occurred in 83% of the studied patients. Oral mucositis and skin dermatitis had similar incidences, each occurring in 63% of the studied patients.Voice changes and altered taste occurred in 55% and 53% of the studied patients respectively.ConclusionsDysphagia and xerostomia were the two most common early side effects of radiotherapy to the head and neck region. More than half of patients with dysphagia had a grade 2 or higher dysphagia, and about three - quarters of those with xerostomia had a grade 2 or higher xerostomia. To spare the salivary glands and pharynx during radiotherapy plan preparations as much as possible is highly recommended to reduce those two side effects.Although fatigue ranked third in incidence after dysphagia and xerostomia, the majority of those patients complained of only a mild fatigue over baseline.Skin dermatitis and oral mucositis had a similar incidence occurring in 63% of the studied patients. More than half of those patients had only a mild reaction (grade 2 or less). Regular use of soothing agents is recommended to counteract these two side effects.

تاثير القلق او الاكتئاب او كلاهما على الالم والتيبس والوظيفة البدنية لعينة من المرضى المصابين بالفصال العظمي الاولي للركبة : دراسة مقطعية عرضية == Impact of Anxiety and/or Depression symptoms on Pain, Stiffness, and Physical Function in Patients with Primary Osteoarthritis of The Knee : A Cross Sectional Study

اسم المؤلف: عياء عبد الامير محمد
اسم المشرف: سامي سلمان شهاب
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - المفاصل
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Osteoarthritis is the most common articular disease of thedeveloped countries and a leading cause of pain and disability. The presenceof anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with osteoarthritis canadversely affect pain and physical function. There is also a proposed adverseeffect of anxiety and depression symptoms on joint stiffness.Objective : To examine the effect of anxiety and/or depression on pain,stiffness, and physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis.Patients and Methods : A cross - sectional study was conducted on a totalof 101 patients with diagnosis of primary knee osteoarthritis according tothe American College of Rheumatology criteria. Each patient completed theWestern Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) Indexand the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist - 25 for anxiety and depression (HSCL - 25). The presence of anxiety and/or depressive symptoms was determined,and their effects on the WOMAC scores were assessed.Results : According to the study, 83.2% of patients were found to haveanxiety and/or depression symptoms while only 16.8% have no symptoms ofthese disorders. Patients with anxiety symptoms only had significantlyhigher mean pain score than those with none (p. value = 0.042). while theeffect of anxiety symptoms only on the mean physical function, stiffness,and total WOMAC scores was not statistically significant, (p .value = 0.18,0.87, 0.08) respectively. Patients with depression symptoms only hadsignificantly higher mean pain, physical function, and total WOMAC scoresas compared with those with none, (p .value = 0.044, 0.021, 0.013)respectively. While there is no statistically significant effect for the presenceof depression symptoms only on mean stiffness score (p. value = 0.094).Patients who have symptoms of both anxiety and depression had higherABSTRACTVIImean pain, physical function, stiffness, and total WOMAC scores comparedwith those with none , (p. value <0.001, <0.001, =0.013, <0.001). The totalnumber of patients with anxiety and/or depression symptoms hadsignificantly higher mean pain, physical function, stiffness, and totalWOMAC scores as compared with those with none, (p. value <0.001, <0.001, =0.01, <0.001) respectively. After performing multiple logistic regressions to control any confounding effect, the pain, Stiffness and total WOMAC scores were significantly associated with the presence of anxiety and or depression, (P. value<0.05), after adjustment for other variables.Conclusions : 1. According to anxiety and depression scores most of the patients with KOA had anxiety or depression symptoms or both.2. The presence of anxiety and/or depression symptoms was associated with significantly higher pain, stiffness, and total WOMAC scores, but the association with physical function scores was not significant.

تقييم المعرفة حول هشاشة العظام في عينة من النساء البالغات في بغداد, العراق, 2016 == Assessment of Knowledge about Osteoporosis among a Sample of adult Women in Baghdad, Iraq, 2016

اسم المؤلف: هند صلاح محمد
اسم المشرف: فارس حسن اللامي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: طب العائلة
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • Osteoporosis
  • Iraq
  • OKAT
  • Adult women
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Osteoporosis is a global growing health problem and contributor of mortality and morbidity. It causes a significant personal and societal impact and increases the burden of healthcare services. The objective of this study is to assess the level of knowledge about osteoporosis among a sample of adult women in Baghdad, Iraq, 2016.Methods : A cross - sectional study conducted on a sample of adult women in Baghdad (age ≥ 25 years old) who attended consulting clinics in Baghdad Teaching Hospital. The estimated sample size was calculated to be 384. We used a questionnaire to gather socio - demographic data and life habits that may affect osteoporosis risk, and the Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool (OKAT) to measure osteoporosis knowledge of women. The maximum score of the total knowledge was out of 100 points. The score had been categorized as follow weak (<50%), moderate (50% - 75%), good (>75%).Results : The mean level of knowledge scores is 53.53±13.04, and the range is 5 - 85%. Around 70% had correctly answered half of the questions. On Binary analysis, we found the level of education and source of information were the only significant risk factors (p value=0.001). On application of Logistic regression analysis; educational status was the only significant (OR=1.41, 95% CI : 1.2 - 1.7).Conclusion : Iraqi women had moderate level of knowledge about osteoporosis.More work is needed to ensure more women having the right knowledge, attitudes and practices.

التصنيف الجزيئي لعينة من مرضى سرطان الثدي العراقيين وعلاقته بحالة المرضى السريرية والنسيجية : دراسة وصفية == Molecular Classification of Iraqi Breast Cancer Patients and Its Correlation with Patients’ Profile (Observational Study)

اسم المؤلف: مصطفى خضير جاسم
اسم المشرف: منور عبد الاله النقاش
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • Iraqi breast cancer
  • molecular classification
  • Luminal B like.
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Breast cancer is a complex, multifaceted disease encompassing a great variety of entities that show considerable variation in clinical, morphological and molecular attributes. Traditional classifications including histological assessment and clinical staging are used to guide patient management. In recent years, there has been exponential progress in molecular analysis with profound implications for our understanding of breast cancer biology and, hence, classification.Objective : The aim of this study to assess Iraqi breast cancer patients’ clinical profile (tumor size, lymph nodes, etc…). Evaluate patients’ molecular profile (Estrogen receptor, Progesterone receptor, HER2/neu and Ki - 67).Patients & Methods : This is a cross - sectional descriptive study was done in Baghdad oncology teaching hospital from the 1st of December 2015 to the 1st of April 2016, carried on 100 breast cancer female patients with their age range from 27 to 73 years old and with their histopathology reports and immunohistochemical (IHC) results including Estrogen (ER), Progesterone (PgR), HER2/neu and Ki - 67. The patients in this study underwent surgical intervention either by a biopsy or mastectomy with axillary clearance, and the formalin - fixed paraffin - embedded tissue blocks were sent to the hospital’s laboratory for H&E and IHC.Results : The mean age ± SD (51 ± 10) years, the highest incidence of breast cancer among patients in 5th (40 - 49 years) and 6th (50 - 59 years) decades of life and each group is (32%), while the lowest incidence in 3rd decade of life (2%). In regards of tumor size, T1 was (28%), T2 was (56%), T3 was (15%) and T4 was (1%). According to lymph nodes, Nx was (33%), N0 was (16%), N1 was (25%), N2 was (17%) and N3 was (9%). ER and PgR values were observed in 74% and 75% respectively, regarding ER receptor there were 14 patients (14%)XIwith +1, 17 patients (17%) with +2, 43 patients (43%) with +3, and 26 patients (26%) with negative score, while PgR receptor there were 11 patients (11%) with +1, 20 patients (20%) with +2, 44 patients (44%) with +3, and 25 patients (25%) with negative score. In regards of the immunohistochemicetry of Her2/neu there were 26 patients (26%), 28 patients (28%), 30 patients (30%) and 16 patients (16%) for score 0, +1, +2, +3 respectively, score +3 considered positive, score 0, +1 considered negative, while +2 equivocal, and 31 patients (31%) with Ki - 67 <14, while 69 patients (69%) with Ki - 67 ≥14. There was a negative correlation between the tumor size and Her2/neu, with statistically significant P value = 0.013, and there was a weak correlation between the lymph nodes and the tumor size with insignificant P value = 0.181. Also there was a strong correlation between ER and PgR with highly significant P value < 0.0001, and a strong correlation between ER and Her2 with significant P value = 0.009. On the other hand, our results reported a weak correlation between PgR and Her2 with insignificant P value = 0.165. Luminal B - like were 53 patients (53%), Luminal A - like were 29 patients (29%), Triple negative were 15 patients (15%) and HER2 overexpressed were 3 patients (3%). The highest frequency was seen among patients with Luminal B - like followed by Luminal A - like and triple negative, while the lowest frequency was seen among patients with HER2 overexpressed.Conclusions : Highest incidence of breast cancer in the studied patients was seen ≥ 40 years in the 5th & 6th decades of life, and the most common tumor size was T2, beside the most common assessed axillary lymph nodes were N1. Luminal B - like was the most common molecular subtype of the breast cancer patients in the studied group mostly due to high Ki - 67 index. Most of the breast cancer patients in the current study were ER and PgR (Hormonal) positive 74%, 75% respectively

تقييم الاضرار الجانبية المبكرة للعلاج الشعاعي في مرضى سرطان الثدي == Assessment of early side effects of radiotherapy in breast cancer patients

اسم المؤلف: ايلاف علي حسين
اسم المشرف: خضير جاسم صبيح الرواق
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاشعة العلاجية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • Breast cancer
  • Conventional fractionation
  • Hypofractionation
  • Radiation Dermatitis
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: سرطان الثدي هو السرطان الاكثر شيوعا" عند النساء في العراق والعالم. العلاج الشعاعي يلعب دورا" اساسيا" في علاج سرطان الثدي. عند الممارسة العامة لعلاج الاورام بالاشعاع, سرطان الثدي نموذجيا" يشكل حوالي 25% من مجموع حالات المرضى.هذا يجعل فهم ماهية الضرر المتوقع من الاشعاع لسرطان الثدي وعلاجه ذو اهمية اولوية بما انه يؤثر على عدد قيم من المرضى يوميا".الاضرار الجانبية الناتجة عن الاشعاع في مرضى سرطان الثدي يمكن ان تنقسم الى اضرار جانبية مبكرة (حادة ومتوسطة) واخرى متاخرة. الاضرار الجانبية المبكرة تحدث خلال مدة المعالجة وحتى ستة اشهر بعد انتهاء العلاج.هذه الدراسة هي مسح استبياني ((cross - sectional survey مع مكونات تحليلية تهدف لتقييم الاضرار الجانبية المبكرة للعلاج الشعاعي الخارجي المساعد في 60 مريض بسرطان الثدي عولجوا في قسم العلاج الشعاعي في مستشفى الاورام والطب النووي في مدينة الطب من فترة كانون الثاني لنيسان 2016 بعد استئصال الثدي (44 مريض) او عمليات الحفاظ على الثدي (16 مريض).الاضرار الجانبية الناتجة عن الاشعاع الاكثر حدوثا" كانت تهيج جلدي 81.6%, ارهاق 70%, الم في المناطق المشععة 66.6%, حرقة البعوم 58.3%, غثيان 41.6%, صعوبة البلع 35% وتورم الذراع 28.3%.كان هناك فرق ذا قيمة احصائية بين حدوث التهيج الجلدي بين جرع الاشعاع الثلاث المستحدمة. تهيج الجلد الشديد (الدرجة الثانية والثالثة) كان حادثا"بصورة قيمة اكثر في المرضى المستلمين لجلسات الشعاع الاعتيادية (5000 cGy/25 F (CF)) منه في المرضى المستلمين لجلسات العلاج الشعاعي المختصرة (hypofractionation). وهذا متوافق مع المصادر.نسبة حدوث التهيج الجلدي كانت اكثر ايضا" في المرضى المعالجين بعمليات الحفاظ على الثدي 87.5% منها في الذين استاصلوا الثدي 79.5%, لكن العلاقة لم تكن ذات قيمة احصائية.استنتجنا ان هناك الكثير من الاضرار الجانبية الحادة تحدث بعد العلاج الشعاعي لمرضى سرطان الثدي ليس منها فوق الدرجة الثالثة. ولكنها تؤثر على جودة الحياة الصحية ويجب تجنبها ان امكن. تهيج الجلد كان اكثر اضرارالاشعاع الجانبية شيوعا وكان متعلقا بتقسيم الجرع. الارهاق كان الثاني وكان ذو صلة بمرحلة المرض. | Background : Breast cancer is the commonest cancer in women In Iraq and globally. Radiation plays an essential role in the management of breast cancer. In a general radiation oncology practice, breast cancer comprises approximately 25% of total patient caseload. This makes understanding what type of toxicity to expect from radiation for breast cancer and its management of prime importance since it affects significant numbers of patients daily. Radiation induced side effects (RISE) in breast cancer patients can be divided into early (acute and subacute) and late side effects. Early radiation toxicities occur during treatment time and up to six months after treatment has finished. Objectives : assessment of the early side effects of adjuvant external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in breast cancer patients.Patients and Methods : A cross sectional survey with analytic component conducted on 60 patients treated in the radiotherapy department of oncology teaching hospital of medical city from the first of January to the 30th of April 2016 after mastectomy (44 patients) or breast conserving surgery (BCS) (16 patients).Results : The most prevalent RISE were radiation dermatitis (81.6%), fatigue (70%), pain in the irradiated area (66.6%), sore throat (58.3%), nausea (41.6%), dysphagia (35%), and arm edema (28.3%). There was a significant difference between prevalence of dermatitis with different radiation doses used. Dermatitis was more prevalent with conventional fractionation (CF), than in hypofractionated radiotherapy. The prevalence of dermatitis was also more in patient treated with BCS (87.5%) than those who had mastectomy (79.5%), but this relation was not statistically significant. Fatigue was found to be related to disease stage.Conclusion : Much acute toxicity were developed after radiotherapy to breast cancer patients, none of them was above grade 3; however they affect health related quality of life (HRQL) and should be avoided if possible. Dermatitis was the most common acute toxicity of radiotherapy in breast cancer patients. It was related to dose fractionation. Fatigue was the 2nd common. It was correlated with disease stage.

الحالة السريرية والمرضية النسيجية لمرضى سرطان الرئة في العراق وقت عرض الحالة == Clinical And Pathological Profile Of Iraqi Lung Cancer Patients At Time Of Presentation (An Observation Study)

اسم المؤلف: هالة ساطع طه
اسم المشرف: منور عبد الاله النقاش
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاشعة العلاجية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الخلفية العلمية : في جميع انحاء العالم يمثل سرطان الرئة 13% (1.6 مليون) من مجموع حالات السرطان و18% (1.4 مليون) من الوفيات الناجمة عن السرطان على اساس تقديرات عام 2008 وسرطان الرئة في العراق سبب شائع في للوفاة في كلا الجنسين اهداف الدراسة : التقييم السريري والتصويري للحالة المرضية وايجاد علاقة بين الانواع الفرعية النسيجية المرضية وغيرها من معلومات المريض .طريقة البحث : تعتبر هذه الدراسة من نوع دراسة المراقبة (دراسة مقطعية) تتكون من 60 مريض يعانون من مرض سرطان الرئة متوسطة اعمارهم 60 عام 38 ذكور و22 اناث (نسبة الذكور الى الاناث 1.7 : 1) تم جمع حالات المرضى من العيادة الاستشارية في مستشفى الاورام التعليمي في مدينة الطب من شهر كانون الثاني الى شهر نيسان 2016 تم تقييم جميع الحالات واجراء الفحص السريري والتشخيصي والنسيجي.النتيجة . تم دراسة (60) مريضا اثبتت اصابتهم بسرطان الرئة سن الحد الادنى للمرضى هو 32 سنة والحد الاقصى 81 سنة بمتوسط عمر 60 عام 38 من الذكور و22 اناث معظم المرضى لديهم صعوبة التنفس في وقت العرض (21%)، ونفث الدم (20%). تليها السعال (16 %). اما المكان التشريحي الاكثر اصابة بسرطان الرئة الفص العلوي الايمن 14 (23%). ثم الفص العلوي الايسر 9 (15%). يعد الغسل القصبي اختبار الخلايا 22 (36%) اكثر وسيلة مستخدمة لتشخيص المرض يليها فحص الخلايا المسحوبة بواسطة الابرة الناعمة 9 (15 %)، طموح السائل الجنبي 8(13.3%) الخزعة الاستئصالية 7 (11.7%)، الخزعة الجراحية 5 (8.3%)، علم خلايا البلغم 4(6.7%)، الخزعة الماخوذة بمساعدة الجهازالطبقي المقطعي 2 (3.3%) النتيجة التشريحيةالمرضية الرئيسية هي سرطان الخلية الحرشفية (41.7%) ثم الغدية (36.7%) بعدها سرطان الرئة صغير الخلية ، ورم الظهارة المتوسطة (8.3%) اخيرا يمثل سرطان الخلايا القشرية هو الشائع في الذكور 20(52.6%) ولكنه في الاناث 5 (22.7%) ومع ذلك السرطانات الغدية هي الاكثر شيوعا في الاناث 12 (54.5%) من الذكور 10 (26.3%) هنالك علاقة طردية بين نسبة حدوث سرطان الرئة من نوع الخلايا الصغيرة مع التدخين حيث ان جميع المرضى هم مدخنين بينما في الخلايا الحرشفية فان (47.8%) هم مدخنين (P=0.003) اغلب المرضى لديهم ورم خبيث منتشر وقت تشخيص الحالة (56%) و(33.3%) لديهم استسقاء رئويالاستنتاجات : 1 - اكثر عارض مرضي يعاني منه مرضى السرطان في العراق هو ضيق التنفس ثم النفث الدموي.2 - الفص العلوي الايمن هو الاكثر اصابة بالمرض 3 - الغسل القصبي وفحص الخلايا هو اكثر طرق التشخيص شيوعا 4 - سرطان الخلايا الحرشفية هو النوع النسيجي المرضي السائد في الذكور بينما سرطان الرئة من نوع الغدي هو السائد في الاناث 5 - هناك علاقة ذات دلالة احصائية بين سرطان الخلايا الحرشفية والتدخين (P=0.003) واغلب المرضى يعانو من مراحل متقدمة في وقت عرض الحالة | Background; Carcinoma of the lung is currently the leading cause world wide of death . The disease has become an epidemic as incidence rates and lung cancer deaths have risen dramatically over the last century, Throughout the world, lung cancer accounts for 13% (1.6 million) of the total cases of cancer and 18% (1.4 million) of the cancer - related deaths based on 2008 estimates. Among males, lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and leading cause of cancer death. Among females worldwide, it is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death.Aim of study : 1 - Identify the most common stages of lung cancer at time of presentation2 - Estimate the anatomical distribution of lung cancer according to histopathological subtypes3 - Find the acorrelation between histopathological subtypesAnd other parameters of patient profilePatients &Methods : Methods;An observation study ( A cross sectional study) of 60 patients with lung cancer with mean age of 60 years old.38 male;22 female (male : female 1.7 : 1). cases were collected from consultant clinic at the Oncology Teaching Center in Medical City. The data were collected from 1st January to 30th of April/2016. All patients were evaluated from history ,physical examination ,sent for investigations &review of histopathology samples.Results : A total of 60 lung cancer patients were studied,mean age of patients 60 yrs old , male : female ratio 1.7 : 1 ,most patients are smoker, Sequamous cell carcinoma is commonest type (41.9% ) of all patients, and its male predominant (33.3%) .Most patient diagnosed by bronchial wash and cytology (36%) ,Right upper zone is commonest site of malignancy (23.3%) ,most patients presented in advance stage and metastasis (56%).Conclusions*Lung cancer is commonest cause of cancer related death.*Proper stage of disease is recommended as mediastinscopy found 15% of occult lymph node metastasis in radiologically normal nodes.*Most patients have metastasis at time of presentation so we can use new radiological modalitiy to diagnosed occult metastasis.*use molecular biology to proper diagnose the histopathologiac subtypes and identify the response to treatment and give a prognosis idea*Active surveillance of primary small lung lesion

تصنيف المرضى العراقيين المصابين بالاورام العصبيه الغديه وتقدير مدى استجابتهم لعقارالساندوستاتين (الاوكتيريوتايد) == NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS CLASSIFICATION AND RESPONSE TO LONG ACTING SOMATOSTATIN ANALOGUE; AN IRAQI EXPERIENCE

اسم المؤلف: مروة خالد عبد الفتاح
اسم المشرف: منور عبد الاله النقاش
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاشعة العلاجية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The lack of studies regarding the incidence of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is related to the rarity of these tumors (25/1,000,000). Chromogranin A is a useful tumor marker for NETs diagnosis & follow - up. Octereotide LAR is an established treatment for NETs by both providing symptomatic relief & inhibiting tumor growth. However, studies regarding incidence of NETs & their response to SAS - LAR are still insufficient.Aim of studyTo shade the light on the incidence of NETs, the clinico - pathologic characteristics of Iraqi patients with NETs & their response to long acting Octereotide.Patients & methodsThis is a cross - sectional observational study that was conducted in Oncology teaching hospital/medical city complex using patients’ follow - up sheets. Data recruitment included all NET patients diagnosed after October 2013 to April 2016.ResultsIn our registry, 38 patients were recorded; most patients (60.5%) were over the age of 50 years with male to female ratio (1.2 : 1). We found the gastroenteropancreatic tract being the most common primary organ followed by pelvis . With respect to the GI tract we found that pancreas (26.3 %) was the commonest primary organ. Metastatic disease at presentation was found in (44.7%) of patients with the Liver (15.8%)was the most common metastatic site.Notably, most of our patients presented with G3 disease (44.7%) & (13.2%) with G1 . Serial CgA tests were performed in (17/28) patients used SAS - LAR, with a change in mean value from (225.3 U/L) pre - using the agent to (17.5 U/L) two months after use & to (8.7 U/L) four months after use(p=0.001) while the change in mean of CgA level was from (205.9 U/L) to (200.9 U/L) in 10 patients who did not use octereotide.(p=0.2). After a period of 2 years ,the median time of remission following SAS - LAR administration was 3 months compared to 7 months in patients received other modalities of treatment. In our study, a statistically significant difference was demonstrated between the two groups of patients.(p=0.003).Conclusion Plasma CgA is the most reliable marker for NETs, reflecting the clinical evolution of the disease. Aids in diagnosis & response assessment to different therapies.Octreotide LAR provides symptomatic response & contributes to disease stabilization & tumor regression in both functional & non functional NETs.1 - INTRODUCTION Neuroendocrine tumors are thought to arise from cells throughout the diffuse neuroendocrine system that is composed of peptide - and amine - producing cells that may secrete different hormones depending on the site of origin. NETs are composed of monotonous sheets of small round blue cells with uniform nuclei and cytoplasm(1). They compromise a broad family of tumors, the most common of which are carcinoid tumors (most commonly arise in the lungs & bronchi, small intestine, appendix rectum, or thymus)& pancreatic NETOther neuroendocrine tumors arise from parathyroid, adrenal, pituitary gland, & in calcitonin - producing cells of the thyroid (causing medullary thyroid carcinoma)( 2).Most NETs seem to be sporadic; risk factors for sporadic NET are poorly understood. Risk factors for the development of midgut carcinoid tumors include age, male sex, and increased body mass index, and menopausal hormone therapy (1).NET may also arise in the context of inherited genetic syndromes, include multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) types 1& 2 (2).The incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) NETs is 6.2 per 100,000 populations and has been steadily increasing. The increasing incidence of NETs reportedIn many studies is likely multifactorial and includes increased awareness and improved endoscopic methods of detection.As these tumors are indolent and patients survive a long time, the prevalence is quite high, making them the second most prevalent GI tract tumor, second only to colon cancer. Some are clinically silent and have been detected only at autopsy (incidence 8%). Further ,patients with GI NETs have a higher risk of other noncarcinoid primary tumors. The overall 5 - year survival rate of all patients with GI NETs is 28.5%.(1) Of all NETs ∼25% are located in the respiratory tract. Typical carcinoids (TCs) comprise ∼1% - 2% and atypical carcinoids (ACs) only 0.1% - 0.2% of pulmonary neoplasms. According to the surveillance, epidemiology and end results program (SEER) database from 2003, the combined incidence has been 1.57/100 000 inhabitants . The prevalence of thymic NET is ∼3% of the total number of NETs at all sites. In the last SEER database, a reported incidence of thymic NETs is 0.02/100 000 population per year . They constitute ∼5% of all thymic tumors. Both bronchial and thymic NETs may be part of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome (MEN - 1, 5% - 15%). The median age at diagnosis for bronchial NETs is 64 years and for thymic NETs 59 years.(3) The incidence of G1NET increased from 2.0 to 3.0; there was a large increase in G2NET from 0.01 in 1990 to 0.2 in 2010, and of the G3 - LCNET from 0.01 to 1.8, respectively. In G3 - SCNET incidence in men decreased from 21.3 to 10.1, whereas in women it increased from 4.5 to 7.7.(4).

تاثير عمر الام على نتائج الحمل == Effect of maternal age on pregnancy outcome

اسم المؤلف: حلا نعمان محمدعلي
اسم المشرف: جواد كاظم الديوان
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: طب العائلة
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: خلفية البحث : في العقود القليلة الماضية ،كان هناك تاخير في الحمل الاول ، ومعدل عمر النساء في وقت الولادة تزايدت. يرافق المراهقات الحوامل والحوامل المتقدمات بالعمرمضاعفات اثناء الحمل والولادة. هدف الدراسة : لدراسه تاثير عمر الام على صحه الام والوليد .المنهجية : دراسة مقطعية اجريت في مستشفى بغداد التعليمي للفترة من بداية شهراذار وحتى بداية شهر حزيران من سنة 2016 ،العينة متكونة من( 500امراة) اختيرت بطريقة العينات العشوائية المنتظمة من ملفات المرضى في قسم الاحصاء .تمت جمع المعلومات من قبل الباحثة من فايلات المرضى اللذين دخلوا او رقدوا في ردهات قسم النسائية لسنة 2015 ، ثم تم تصنيفهم حسب العمر الى ستة فئات عمرية المجموعة(<20 )، المجموعة (20 - 24 ) ،المجموعة (25 - 29) ،المجموعة (30 - 34 ) المجموعة(35 - 39)،المجموعة (40≤) .النتائج : اظهرت الدراسة بان هناك فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين المجاميع العمرية المختلفة ،بالنسبة لوجود ارتفاع ضغط الدم اثناء الحمل ،داء السكري الولادة المبكرة ،وزن الوليد ،التشوهات الولادية ، وفاة الجنين داخل الرحم ،وطريقة الولادة. ولايوجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بالنسبة لوجود الاسقاط ،ولادة جنين ميت ،فقر الدم ،والحمل المتعدد. الاستنتاج : اثبتت الدراسة ان مضاعفات الحمل والولادة والمشاكل المتعلقة بالجنين عند الولادة تكون نسبتها اعلى عندالمراهقات الحوامل والنساء المتقدمات بالعمر . | Background : In the last few decades, there has been a delay in first - time pregnancies, and the average age of women at the time of delivery has increased in many countries. Teenage and advanced maternal ages are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.Objective : To demonstrate the effect of maternal age on pregnancy outcomes in different age groups mothers.Subjects and methods : Across sectional study was conducted in Baghdad Teaching Hospital, data was collected in obstetric \gynecology department from 1st of March until 1st of June 2016 .Total of 500 women were included in the study using the systemic random sampling, every 10th case was selected, then divided into six age groups, a list of information was taken from hospital record at statistic department.Results : The results showed that there was statistically significant association among different age group, regarding presence of pregnancy induced hypertension, diabetes mellitus, preterm delivery, birth weight, congenital anomalies, IUD, mode of delivery (p value<0.05). Interestingly there was no statistically significant association regarding presence of fetal loss (miscarriage, stillbirth), anemia, and multiple pregnancies (p value> 0.05).Conclusion : Maternal and neonatal complications are higher during the teenage years and advanced maternal age.Keywords : Maternal age, outcome of pregnancy

دور فحص المرونة وسرعة الموجات المقصوصة في التفريق بين الاورام الحميدة والخبيثة في الثدي == USE OF SHEAR WAVE ELASTOGRAPHY TO DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN BENIGN AND MALIGNANT BREAST MASS

اسم المؤلف: اوان حكمت محمد
اسم المشرف: ليث احمد خلف
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاشعة التشخيصية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Shear wave elastography is a new method of obtaining elastography images based on the combination of a radiation force induced in a tissue by an ultrasonic beam and an ultrafast imaging sequence capable of catching in real time the propagation of the resulting shear waves.Aim of studyTo assess the performance of shear wave elastography in differentiating between the malignant and benign breast tumors. Patients and Methods A cross sectional study carried out in Breast Clinic at Oncology Teaching Hospital - Baghdad Medical city for period from 1st of November, 2015 to end of June, 2016 convenient sample of 80 women with suspected breast tumor. After full history and examination, enrolled women were examined with ultrasound by the researcher with help of Radiologist.ResultsA highly significant association was observed between women with BIRADS V and high shear wave elastography ratio (p<0.001). Women with BIRADS V had significantly malignant fine needle aspiration findings of breast (p<0.001) and women with high shear wave elastography ratio were significantly had malignant FNA findings (p<0.001). The cutoff shear wave elastography ratio of 3.75 had good validity results (87% sensitivity, 82.4 % specificity).Conclusions Shear wave elastography is non - invasive reliable diagnostic method facilitating characterization of breast tumor.

العلاقة بين متلازمة الالم الليفي العضلي والبهاق : دراسة مقدمة الى كلية الطب - جامعة بغداد - قسم الامراض الباطنية == Relationship Between Fibromyalgia Syndrome and Vitiligo

اسم المؤلف: علا سفير خضير
اسم المشرف: عمار فيصل حميد
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - المفاصل
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a common, chronic, and highly disabling syndrome characterized with chronic widespread pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, cognitive dysfunction and mood disorders. Vitiligo is an acquired pigment disorder which causes disfigurement to skin and negative effect on quality of life (QOL) for patients. There is no previous study on relationship between FMS and vitiligo.Objective : To assess relationship between FMS and vitiligo in a sample of Iraqi patients and to evaluate the predictors of this relationship if present.Patients and methods : A case controlled study involved 100 Iraqi patients with vitiligo and 200 healthy individuals matched for age and sex as a control group. The 2012 Canadian Guidelines criteria were used for the diagnosis of FMS and applied to all Vitiligo patients and controls included in the study. Baseline characteristics of patients with vitiligo and controls were recorded in form of : age, sex, employment condition, and marital status. Body mass index (BMI) was measured for both groups. Patients with vitiligo were fully assessed for : type, duration, severity of disease and medications used.Results : Prevalence of FMS in a sample of Iraqi patients with vitiligo was12% compared to 7% in controls (p=0.15, OR=1.81,95% CI=0.8 - 4.08). FMS symptoms in vitiligo patients were : fatigue 46%, diffuse body pain 34%, sleep disturbance 33%, cognitive dysfunction in 30%, mood disorders 23%, and visceral symptoms : central nervous system (CNS) 52%, skin 35%, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) 32%, cardiovascular system - respiratory system (CVS - RS) 16%, genitourinary tract(GUT) 8%, and ear nose throat (ENT) 7%).There was significant association between the FMS in vitiligo patients and : females with vitiligo 22.2% compared to none among males with vitiligo 0% (P

الخصائص الوبائيه للحروق في مستشفى بغداد للحروق, بغداد, العراق 2015 == Epidemiological Characteristics of BurnInjuries in Baghdad Burn Hospital,Baghdad, Iraq, 2015

اسم المؤلف: رنا خالد الناصر
اسم المشرف: فارس حسن اللامي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الوبائيات التطبيقية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Burns are a global public health problem, accounting for an estimated 265,000 deaths annually, in 2013 fire and heat resulted in 35 million injuries. This resulted in about 2.9 million hospitalizations and 238,000 deaths. This makes it the 4th leading cause of injuries after motor vehicle collisions, falls, and violence. About 90% of burns occur in the developing world. This has been attributed partly to overcrowding and an unsafe cooking situation. Iraq burn injuries are the second cause for visiting emergency room after gun fire according to World Health Organization (WHO) Injury Surveillance Pilot Project, Iraq, 2008.Objectives : To describe epidemiological and clinical characteristics, estimate the case fatality rate and identify the main determinants of death among burn cases in Baghdad Burn hospital, Baghdad, Iraq during 2015.Patients and Methods : A cross sectional study was conducted in Baghdad Burn Hospital. The study population was all the burn cases that were admitted to these hospitals during 2015. The files of the patients were obtained from the statistics department in the hospital. All burn patients with different types and degrees of burn injuries who were admitted to this hospital during 2015 were included in the study. Patients with minor superficial burns treated in the emergency department as out patients and cases that admitted for surgical treatment of old scars were excluded.Data was collected using a form included demographic data, etiology, burn type, anatomical location and percentage of body surface area burned, operating procedures and outcome were recorded.Results : This study involved 676 patients, 32.90% of them were females. 26.62% patients were below 10 years of age. Two thirds had less than 20% of body surface area burns (66.42%) and only 9.46% had more than 50% body surface area burns.Flame burns were the commonest (71.59%) followed by scalds (23.37%) and electrical 2.52%. Scalds were common in children. About 76.33% of patients improved 8.28% left on their responsibility and 2.07% shifted to other hospitals. Case fatality rate was 13.30%, Mortality was 44.4% with sepsis as the leading cause, multiple organ failure, and shock were other causes of mortality.Conclusions : Burns injury is a major public health concern and is associated with high mortality. Flame, scald and electrical burns are commonly a result of domestic and occupation accidents and are preventable. Strict follow up to the infection control guideline can minimize the high case fatality rate.

انتشار اكتناف العين لدى عينة من المرضى العراقيين البالغين المصابين بمتلازمه فرط مرونه المفاصل الحميد == Prevalence of Ocular Involvement in a Sample of Iraqi Adult Patients With Benign Joint Hypermobility Syndrome

اسم المؤلف: ايناس عدنان مجيد
اسم المشرف: محمد هادي العصامي | نجاح كاظم القريشي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - المفاصل
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: خلفية البحث : تعرف متلازمه فرط مرونه المفاصل الحميد بانها اضطراب النسيج الضام الوراثي الذي يتميز بالام عضليه هيكليه ونطاق المرونه المفرطه في المفاصل , الكثير من مظاهر العين موجوده عند مرضى متلازمه فرط مرونه المفاصل الحميد بعضها مشهورة الترابط مع المرض والاخرى مخبر عنها في تقارير حاله .الهدف : تقييم انتشار وخصائص اكتناف العين لدى عينة من المرضى العراقيين المصابين بمتلازمه فرط مرونه المفاصل الحميد .المرضى والطرائق : شملت الدراسة ( 300) فرد في الدراسه المقطعيه , )100( مريض بمتلازمه فرط المرونه و)200 (من الافراد الاصحاء وهم مطابقين في العمر والجنس للمجموعه التي اخذت كمجموعه تحكم .خضع كل المرضى للفحوصات العينيه والتي تضمنت تقييم حده البصر مع مخطط سنيل , فحص القطعه الاماميه والخلفيه للعين مع مصباح سلت , فحص شيرمر , صبغه الفلورسين القرنيه وتقدير ضغط داخل العين مع مقياس توتر العين بالنفث الهوائي . تم استبعاد المرضى اللذين لديهم رضح سابق في العين اوالمرضى المصابين بفرط ضغط الدم وداء السكري او تراكب مع امراض الانسجة الضامة الاخرى او التهاب المفصل الالتهابي . جمعت بيانات المرضى الديموغرافية والسريرية بما في ذلك العمر والجنس ومعيار كتلة الجسم ,مده الاعراض , بيانات مرتبطه بمظاهر المرض الريئسيه وميزات اخرى مرتبطه بمتلازمه فرط مرونه المفاصل الحميد . تم قياس تقدير مرونه المفاصل بالنسبه الى طريقه درجه بايتون لكل المشتركين في الدراسه .النتائج : من مجموع 100 مريضا مصابا بمتلازمه فرط مرونه المفاصل الحميد ممن التحقوا في هذه الدراسه . تم تحديد انتشار الاخطاء الانكسارية في (%78 (, وحسر)قصر البصر(في (49%) ثم لابوريه (20%) وطول البصرفي (9%) منهم.وجدت المظاهر العينيه الاخرى المحدده جفاف العين في (15%) , بينما التهاب الجفن الامامي والخلفي في (%5) و(4%)من المرضى على التوالي .شخصت متلازمه الصباغ التشتتي في (3 %) واخر المظاهر العينيه المحدده ساد في (2%) من مرضى متلازمه فرط مرونه المفاصل الحميد .ان كل النتائج السابقه ذات دلاله احصائيه ماعدا ساد حيث لم تصل الى حد الدلاله الاحصائيه .لايوجد رابط معتد بين العمر , الجنس , نوع المفصل الاكثر شيوعا ودرجه المفصل في حرز بايتون مع زياده خطر المظاهر العينيه . الاستنتاجات : مظاهر العين في عينة المرضى العراقيين المصابين بمتلازمه فرط مرونه المفاصل الحميد شائعه نسبيا. ان اكتشافات العين المتعلقة بمتلازمه فرط مرونه المفاصل الحميد الاكثر شيوعا هي حسر البصر ثم لابوريه ثم طول البصر .لقد كان جفاف العين , التهاب الجفن الامامي والخلفي ومتلازمه الاصباغ التشتتي وساد قليله الحدوث في متلازمه فرط مرونه المفاصل الحميد . | Background : Benign joint hypermobility syndrome (BJHS) is a hereditary connective tissue disorder, characterized by musculoskeletal pain and an excessive range of motion in joints . Many ocular manifestations of BJHS have been described, some being well - known associations and others reported for the first time in case reports .Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence andcharacteristics of ocular involvement in a sample of Iraqi patients with BJHS. Patients and methods : A total of 300 individuals were included in this cross sectional study, 100 patients had benign hypermobility syndrome and another 200 healthy individuals matched in age and sex were taken as a control group.All patients undergone for opthalmological examination involved visual acuity assessment with Snellen chart, examination of anterior and posterior eye segments with the slit lamp, Schirmer test and corneal fluorescein staining and assessment of intraocular pressure with air puff tonometer.Patients had history of previous eye trauma, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and overlap with other connective tissue diseases or inflammatory arthritis were excluded. Demographics and clinical data were collected including age, sex, BMI duration of symptom, data related to main disease manifestations and other related features to BJHS. The assessment of joint mobility was measured according to Beighton score method for all the participants in the study.Results : A total of 100 patients with (BJHS) enrolled in this study. Prevalence of refractive errors detected in 78% patients, myopia was detected in (49%), followed by astigmatism (20%) and hypermetropia (9% ) .The other identified ocular manifestation was dry eye (15%), While anterior & posterior blepharitis (5% and 4%) respectively. Pigment dispersion syndrome diagnosed in (3%) of patients and The last identified ocular manifestation was cataract which detected in about (2%) of BJHS patients.All previous findings were statistically significant except cataract not reach to statistically significant level. There were no significant correlation between age group, gender, type of common joint involved or degree of beighton score with increase risk of ocular manifestations .Conclusions : Ocular manifestations in a sample of Iraqi patients with BJHS were relatively common. The most common BJHS - related ocular findings were Myopia followed by, Astigmatism and hypermetropia. Dry eye symptoms, anterior and posterior blepharitis, pigment dispersion syndrome and cataract are rare in patients with BJHS.
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