اسم المؤلف:
هبة كلف رزاق القريشي
اسم المشرف:
هيفاء جاسم حسين التميمي
المستخلص:
For the purpose of phosphorus forms Knowledge in Basra Province Soils, and effect of phosphate Fertilization with Concentrated Super phosphate and Organic Fertilization with cow manure on Phosphorus Forms ,the study was carried out with in three sectors : - First : Field study : Soil samples were taken from tweleven location in Basra province, 1/Gurna,2/Medayna,3/Diar,4/Hartha,5/Garmat Ali,6/Garmat Ali - Basra University,7/Brahdia,8/Tanoma,9/Abul - Khaseeb - Hamdan,10/ Abul - Khaseeb - Center,11 /Seeba ,and 12/ Fao. Soil properties wer determined and different forms of soil phosphorus were extracted Which were soluble phosphorus ,phosphorus associated with Calcium (Ca - P),Phosphorus associated with aluminium (Al - P) ,Phosphorus associated with iron (Fe - P), available phosphate (Av - P), Mineral phosphate(M - P) ,organic phosphate (O - P), residual phosphate (R - P), and total phosphate (T - P) .Second : Effect of phosphate and organic Fertilization on phosphorus forms : - Laboratory experiment was conducted by using two levels of phosphate fertilizer (0,0.65gmPkg - 1 soil) as concentrated super phosphate and two levels of cow manure (0,2.5%) for all studied soils. Soils wer inculcated at 30ºc for one month . Soil phosphorus forms were extracted and determined .Third : Effect of phosphorus forms on Maize growth parameters : - Biological experiment was conducted by using maize crop (Zea mays L.) according to factorial experiment with complete design including the following factors [soil*(phosphate fertilizer, cowmanure, * phosphate fertilizer cowmanure with control) *replicates](10*2*2*3) summing to 120 experimental units, after exclusion Seeba and Fao soils because of their high Salinity .Two levels of phosphate fertilizer were used (0,100kg P ha - 1) as concentrated super phosphate , and two levels of organic fertilizer (0,30ton ha - 1)as cow manure mixing with Soils. Nitrogen was added at rate of 320 kg N ha - 1 as urea with two doses For all soils , first dose at planting (15/3/2015) mixing with soil and the second dose after one month of planting with irrigation water .Potassium was added with rate of 120kg K ha - 1 as potassium sulfate mixing with soils at planting .Plants were harvested after 60 days and shoots were dried at 65ºc inIIoven and dry matter was recorded. Dry Shoots were digested and phosphorus concentration was determined , and phosphorus uptake was Calculated.The results of the study showed the following : - 1 - Soluble phosphorus concentration values ranged between (0.27 to 1.85) mg L - 1 with a mean value of 0.99 mg L - 1, phosphorus associated with Calcium between (104.40 to 226.10) mg kg - 1 with a mean value of 169.16 mg kg - 1 , phosphorus associated with aluminium between (0.42 to 0.99) mg kg - 1 with a mean value of 0.70 mg kg - 1 , phosphorus associated with iron between (0.09 to 0.76) mg kg - 1 with a mean value of 0.38 mg kg - 1 , Available phosphorus between (10.10 to 25.65) mg kg - 1 with a mean value of 18.11 mg kg - 1 , mineral phosphorus between (139.57 to 250.40 ) mg kg - 1 with a mean value of 198.27 mg kg - 1 ,organic phosphorus between (50.12 to 89.70)mg kg - 1 with a mean value of 77.62 mg kg - 1 , residual phosphorus between (6.00 to 12.00)mg kg - 1 with a mean value of 8.91 mg kg - 1 and total phosphorus between (229.27 to 306.88) mg kg - 1 with a mean value of 275.88 mg kg - 1 .2 - Result of simple correlation coefficient (r) Showed that soil salinity had significant effect in phosphorus associated with Calcium (r=0.589*), and negative correlation with available phosphorus (r= - 0.641*). Calcium Carbonate content had a high significant effect on phosphorus associated with Calcium (r=0.992**), mineral phosphorus (r=0.899**), and total phosphorus (r=0.880**),and high negative correlation with available phosphorus (r= - 0.965++) and organic phosphorus (r= - 0.774++) . Organic matter had a significant effect on available phosphorus (r= 0.837++) , organic phosphorus (r=0.924++) , and total phosphorus (r=0.773++) , and negative significant effect with phosphorus associated with calcium (r= - 0.887++) , and mineral phosphorus (r= - 0.895++) . Soil pH ,CEC , Sand , Silt , and clay showed no significant effects on Soil phosphorus forms.3 - Laboratory experiment results showed that soils and fertilizing treatments (phosphoric , organic , and their interactions) had significant effect on phosphorus forms in studied soil . Effect of fertilizing treatments was followed the following : - Phosphate and organic fertilization > organic fertilization > phosphate fertilization .III4 - Soil and fertilizing treatments (phosphoric, organic, and their interactions) had significant effect on dry matter of shoot of corn crop, phosphorus concentration, and phosphorus uptake. Fertilizing treatments were taken the same manor in increasing of dry matter , phosphorus con centration, and phosphorus uptake as following : - Phosphate and organic fertilization > organic fertilization > phosphate fertilizationphosphorus uptake was taken the following arrangement in the studied soils : - Diar > Medayna > Brahdia > Tanoma > Hartha > Gurna > Garmat Ali - Basra University > Abul - Khaseeb - Hamdan > Abul - Khaseeb - center> Garmat Ali.5 - Result of statistical analysis of simple correlation coefficient (r)showed that phosphorus forms had no significant effect on dry matter of corn shoot and phosphorus concentration ,While phosphorus uptake gave high significant correlation with available phosphorus (r=0.959**) and organic phosphorus (r=0.954**).
