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تحضير وتشخيص المركبات الحلقية غير المتجانسة الجديدة والمشتقة من الجالكونات == Synthesis And Characterization of New Heterocyclic Compounds Derived From Chalcones

اسم المؤلف: نبراس مظفر جميل
اسم المشرف: جمبد هرمز توما | ضحى فاروق حسين
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء الفيزيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يتقصى البحث امكانية الحصول على طبقة طلاء رقيقة ومتجانسة لبوليمر البايرول على بعض السبائك مثل الفولاذ المقاوم للصدا 316 والفولاذ الكربوني بواسطة البلمرة الكهروكيميائية لمونمر البايرول ودراسة امكانية تحسين مقاومة التاكل في مختلف الاوساط البيئية مثل المياه ا | This research focuses on getting thin and homogeneous polypyrrole (PPy) layer on carbon steel (45) and stainless steel (316) alloys by electropolymeriztion procedure of pyrrole monomer, and study the possibility of improving the corrosion resistance in different medias; saline water (3.5% NaCl), acidic media (1M H2SO4) and basic media (1M NaOH) at different temperature of 293, 303, 313 and 323 K. The deposited PPy layer on samples under investigation were examined by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Visible and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy (UV - Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT - IR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and X - Ray Diffraction (XRD).The corrosion parameters are including corrosion potential (Ecorr), corrosion current (icorr), protection efficiency (%PE), polarization resistance (Rp) and the effect of temperature on the inhibition efficiency in the absence and in the presence of PPy coating at temperature ranging from 293 to 323K were obtained and expressed as; Ea, ?H*, ?S*, and ?G* of all samples were estimated from Tafel plots using potentiostatic technique.The SEM and AFM images of PPy films revealed a nanofiber like structure; diameter from 20 to 120 nm, the thicknesses were measured by gravimetric and special AFM scans, they showed values between 1300 to 1450 nm. UV - Vis studies showed that the PPy films exhibit weaker absorption peak at 477 nm and stronger absorption peak at 906 nm and the XRD patterns of the deposited PPy show two peaks around 2? of (43o) and (50o).The shift in Ecorr of the uncoated and of the PPy coated samples are between ( - 600 to - 200 mV) and ( - 200 to 100mV) for CS and SS316 respectively.The protection effectiveness of all PPy coated specimens showed remarkable degree of enhancement, and the %PE ranged between (30 to 80%) for CS and (78 to 96%) for SS316 in all medias.The values of Ea and ?H* of the coated PPy metals are always higher than the uncoated ones which indicate more energy barrier. The negative entropy ?S* for the uncoated and coated samples indicates that the activated complex in the rate determining step represents an association rather than a dissociation step, the measured ?G* values takes positive values and showed almost small change with increasing temperature, indicating that the activated complex was not stable and the probability of its formation decreased somehow with rise in temperature and the ?G* values for coated samples reveal that in the activated corrosion complex becomes less stable as compared to the uncoated specimens.Single cyclic potentiodynamic tests conducted at 293 K to follow up the pitting probabilities of each alloy in all medias before and after coating, the I - V plots indicated that only SS316 in salty media specimens suffer from pitting corrosion and the PPy coating reduces the pitting area of the hysterias loop with pushing the pitting potentials for more positive values

التقديرات الطيفية للمركبات الاحادية والمتعددة للادوية == Spectrophotometric Determination For Single And Multi Components of Drugs

اسم المؤلف: مروه صباح يونس
اسم المشرف: خالدة حميد محمد السعيدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يتضمن هذا البحث تحضير مشتقات جديدة لنوعين من قواعد شف هما نوع وكذلك [XI]a - d والبايارازولون [X]a - d ومشتقات البايارازول، [XIII]a - d و[XII]a - d ونوع جميعها تحتوي على وحدةالايزوكزولين او البيرمدين باستعمال الجالكون [VII]a - d الكوينولين - مادة اساسية. | The work involves synthesis of new two types from Schiff bases ([IV]a - f , [V]a - f and [XII]a - d, [XIII]a - d), pyrazoles[X]a - d, pyrazolones[XI]a - d and quinolones [VII]a - d derivatives containing isoxazoline or pyrimidine unit starting with chalcones. 4 - Bromoacetophenone was reacted with 4 - hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4 - hydroxyacetophenone was reacted with 4 - bromobenzaldehyde and 3 - Aminoacetophenone was reacted with 4 - bromobenzaldehyde or 4 - N,N - dimethyl aminobenzaldehyde in basic medium to give four chalcone compounds by Claisen - Schemidt reaction. The chalcons [I]a - d was reacted with hydroxylamine hydrochloride to form isoxazolines [II]a - d, while, the chalcones type [I]c,d was reacted with thiourea to give pyrimidine - 2 - thiones [III]a,b in basic medium. The pyrimidine - 2 - thiones [III]a,b and isoxazolines [II]c,d reacted with 4 - or 3 - substituted benzaldehyde and coumarin to form Schiff bases[IV]a - f [V]a - f and quinoline derivatives[VII]a - d, respectively. On the other hand, compounds[II]a,b or [V]b,f were reacted with ethylchloroacetate in basic medium to get new ester compounds[VIII]a - d.The condensation of new ester[VIII]a - dwith hydrazine hydrate led to produce new acid hydrazide [IX]a - d. The later compound refluxed with 4 - substituted benzaldehyde in ethanol to give Schiff bases( [XII]a - d and [XIII]a - d) ,while the reaction of these acid hydrazides [IX]a - d with acetyl acetone and ethyl aceto acetate led to form pyrazoles[X]a - d and pyrazolones[XI]a - d,respectively. The synthesized compounds were characterized by melting points, C.H.N. analysis, FTIR, Mass and 1HNMR spectroscopy(of some of them). Some of the synthesized compounds have been screened for their antibacterial activities using two types of bacteria; E. Coli and Staph. Aureus. All the examined compounds did not show any biological activity towards E. Coli but some of them show activity towards Staph. Aureus.This work can be summarized by the following schemes :

تقدير التعكرية لفصائل منتخبة باستخدام التشعيع بمصفوفة من ثنائي وصلة باعث وبمتحسسات شمسية بتقنية الحقن الجرياني المستمر : دراسة وتطبيق == Turbidimetric Determination of Some Selected Species Via The Use of Linear Array Light Emitting Diode Irradiation With Solar Cell In Continuous Flow Injection Analysis : Study And Application

اسم المؤلف: محمد كاظم حمود
اسم المشرف: عصام محمد علي شاكر الهاشمي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: في هذا البحث تم تقدير المركبات(SMX,TMP,CAF,HYO and PAR) باستخدام المشتقات الطيفية (الاولى , الثانية ,الثالثة والرابعة). على شكل امزجة ثنائية للادوية بواسطة تطبيق التقاطع الصفري كما يلي : 1 - مزيج السلفاميثاكسازول والترايميثوبريم باستخدام المشتقة الاولى و| This research includes determination of drugs SMX, TMP, CAF, HYO and PAR using derivative spectrophotometry (first, second, third and fourth derivative) were developed for binary mixture by applying zero - crossing technique for pure synthetic mixture and their pharmaceutical formulation as follows : 1. SMX with TMP mixture : SMX was determined by applying 1D&4D teach s at 288.0 and 257.8 nm (zero crossing point of TMP) with linear concentration ranges (2 - 30) and (2 - 25) mg/L , r = 0.9996 and r = 0.9992 LOD = 0.750 and LOD = 0.360 mg/L and TMP was determined by applying 4D teach at 251.5 nm (zero crossing point of SMX) with concentration range (2 - 30) mg/L , r = 0.9995 and LOD = 0.382mg/L. The RSD were 0.255, 0.280 and 1.136 for SMX and TMP respectively and applied for (TRIMOL - 400SMX, 80TMP mg) and (METHOPRIM - 400SMX,80TMP mg).2. PAR with CAF mixture : PAR was determined by applying 3D teach at 275.8 nm (zero crossing point of CAF).With linear concentration range (2 - 35) mg/L , r = 0.9987and LOD=0.445mg/L. And CAF was determined by applying 4D teach at 294.7 nm (zero crossing point of PAR). With linear concentration range (2 - 35) mg/L , r = 0.9995 and LOD = 0.162 mg/L. The RSD was 0.222 for PAR and 0.130 for CAF and applied for (PANADOL EXTRA - 500PAR, 65CAF mg).3. PAR with HYO mixture : PAR was determined by applying 1D&2D teach s at 297.4 and 303.5 nm (zero crossing point of HYO) with linear concentration ranges (2 - 30) and (2 - 30) mg/L , r = 0.9998 and r = 0.9987 LOD = 0.081 and LOD = 0.250 mg/L and HYO was determined by applying 1D teach at 215.9 nm (zero crossing point of PAR) with concentration range (2 - 25) mg/L , r = 0.9997 and LOD = 0.091mg/L. The RSD were 0.107, 0.400 and 0.342 for PAR and HYO respectively and applied for (SPAZMOTEK PLUS - 500PAR,10HYO mg). This thesis has mainly been structured in three different chapters, each one containing the following information : Chapter one provides a short historical review with the analytical performance characteristics of UV - visible are described. The applications of UV and DS in pharmaceutical and SMX, TMP, CAF, HYO and PAR analyses and their mixture.the general and specific objectives of thesis are reported. Chapter two corresponds to the experimental part. Reagents, instruments, procedures and detail protocols for the preparation of standard solution and pharmaceutical sample which used in this study are reported.Chapter three contains the experimental results and discussion that lead to the possibility of successful applications which used DS to determine the concentration of each material in drugs.

نمط جديد للتحليل بالحقن الجرياني المستمر باستخدام نظام تشعيع متعدد القنوات مرتبة بهيئة مصفوفة خطية واثنان من الخلايا الشمسية لقياس التعكرية لتقدير الفصائل التحليلية ذات الاهمية : دراسة وتطبيق == New Mode of Cfi Analysis Using Multiple Channel Irradiation System In A Linear Array Arrangement With Twin Solar Cells For Turbidimetric Determination of Analytically Interesting Species : Study & Application

اسم المؤلف: عمر اياد ياسين القيسي
اسم المشرف: نغم شاكر تركي العوادي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الفصل الاول : يشمل الفصل الاول مقدمة عن تفاعلات الترسيب، مبادئها، ميكانيكية تكوين الرواسب، انواع الرواسب. وكما يتضمن الفصل الاول مقدمة عن الضوء والنظرية الكهرومغناطسية، وتداخل الضوء مع المادة (الانعكاس، الانكسار، النفاذية، الامتصاص). ناقش الفصل الاول بشكل

دراسة مقارنة ترددات الاهتزاز والصفات الفيزياوية والطاقية لوحدات بناء جزيئة الفلرين و(ZigZag) (SWCNT) باستخدام طريقة ميكانيك الكمي == Comparative Study of Vibrational Frequencies, Physical And Energetic Properties For Units Construction of Fullerene Molecule And (ZigZag) (SWCNTs) Using Quantum Mechanical Method

اسم المؤلف: خالدة عبيد سماوي
اسم المشرف: رحاب ماجد كبة
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء التحليلية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Chapter one : Includes an introduction of the light scattering, types of light scattering and its relation ship to the size of precipitate particles which causing the scatter of light. It also involves an introduction to the concept of turbidity and nephelometry for the scattering of incident light, units of both these, as well as an introduction of light emitting diode. This chapter also describes an introduction to flow injection analysis, its principles of the FIA, dispersion, diffusion law , kinds and application and finally followed with the aims of the project.Chapter two : Comprises a complete description for the chemicals used, their preparations in addition to describe the components of flow injection system.Chapter three : consists of two parts : First part : Describes the design of Ayah 6SX1 - T - 2D solar cell CFI Analyser. Also, a full well clear representation of the expected echanism of what might be happened inside the measuring cell for what was measured whether turbidity solutions (measured reflection of incident light by the presence of precipitate particles surface) or a coloured transparent solutions will act normally as absorbance measurement. In second part : A description for the calculation of dilution factor toevaluate the designed manifold system in continuous flow injection analysis via the chasse and following an air bubble through the whole design. Chapter four : Describes the efficiency and its capability of Ayah 6SX1 - T - 2D solar cell CFI Analyser in distinguishing between precipitated and coloured transparent solutions.For precipitate reaction product gives a positive responses by the effect of reflection , this method is used to determine Cd(II) ion. A method is based on the formation of a yellowish white precipitate for the complex Cd3[Fe(CN)6]2.The linearity of Cd (II) ion is ranged from 0.05 to 12 mmol.L - 1, with correlation coefficient r= 0.9951, limit of detection (LOD) 25.29 ng/sample (3SB)(S/N=3) and the percentage relative standard deviation for 4 and 8 mmol.L - 1 less than 1 % (n=5). This method has been applied successfully to determine a Cd (II) ion in a random river samples. Also provided a comparison between the new method with the classical method (HANNA instrument for turbidity measurement) using the standard additions method via the use of ANOVA - treatments. It was noticed that there is a significant difference at ?=0.05 between the two methods at level < 0.05 was obtained.On that basis the new method can be accepted as an alternative analytical method.While a coloured transparent solutions gives a negative responses, this idea is applied for the determination of vanadium (V) ion. This method is based on oxidation of pyrogallol by vanadium (V) ion in acidic meadium to form color species. The linear dynamic range for the instrument response versus vanadium(V) concentration was 1 - 200 mg.L - 1 with correlation coefficient r = 0.9920. The limit of detection (S/N=3) was 70 ng/ sample from the step wise dilution for the minimum concentration in the linear dynamic range of the calibration graph with RSD % for the repeatability lower than 1% for 90 mg.L - 1 (n=5) concentration of vanadium(V). The method was applied successfully for the determination of vanadium (V) in three river samples. A comparison was made between : two methods proposed method with classical method (UV - Vis spectrophotometry at wave length 427 nm) using the standard addition method via the use of paired t - test. It was noticed that there was no significant difference betweentwo methods at 95 % confidence level. Chapter five : Metronidazole (MTZ) and Mebeverine hydrochloride (MVH) are determined in pharmaceutical preparation as alternative analytical procedures. That were developed by continuous flow injection analysis via turbidimetric (T0 - 180 o).For metronidazole (MTZ), the developed method was based on the formation a greenish yellow precipitate as an ion pair complex by reaction between phosphomolybdic acid with metronidazole in aqueous medium. Linear dynamic of metronidazole is ranged from 0.05 - 8 mmol.L - 1,with correlation coefficient r = 0.9821. The limit of detection (S/N= 3 )(3SB)=171.15 ng/sample from the step wise dilution for the minimum concentration in the linear dynamic ranged of the calibration graph with RSD% lower than 0.5% for 4, 4.5 mmol.L - 1 (n=5) concentration of metronidazole. The method was applied successfully for the determination of metronidazole in three pharmaceutical drugs. A comparison was made between the newly developed method analysis with the classical method (HANNA instrument for turbidity measurement) using the standard additionmethod via the use of t - test. It was noticed that there was no significant difference between two methods at 95 % confidence level. For mebeverine hydrochloride (MVH) is determined by formation of a pinkish banana color precipitate as an ion pair complex between Phosphotungstic acid with mebeverine hydrochloride in aqueous medium.The linearity is ranged form 0.05 to 12.5 mmol.L - 1, with correlation oefficient r=0.9966, limit of detection (S/N=3)(3SB)= 521.92 ng/sample and RSD% (n=6) at 2 and 6 mmol.L - 1 MVH concentration less than 1% was obtained. The method was applied successfully for the determination of mebeverine hydrochloride in three pharmaceutical drugs using standard addition method. A comparison was made between the quoted value and the practically found values for three different kinds of drug by t - test. It showedthat there was no significant difference between the quoted value of each individual company with calculated t - value at 95% confidence interval from developed method.Chapter Six : Summarizes a set of conclusions based on the results of this research work which relates to the use of new patterns and methods for the determination of some analytical species by the developed FIA technique, as well as, some future prospects for the homemade FIA system.

التقدير الطيفي لبعض المركبات العضوية المعوضة والمستحضرات الصيدلانية من خلال الاكسدة بايون السيريوم الرباعي باستخدام المحلل الطيفي الدقيق للتحليل بالحقن الجرياني المستمر (Ayah 3S BGR x3 -3D solar cell) == Spectrophotometric Determination of Some Substituted Organic Compounds And Pharmaceuticals Formulation Via Their Oxidation With Ce(IV) Ion Using Ayah 3SBGRx3 - 3D Solar Cell CFIA Microphotometer

اسم المؤلف: مالك حسين علي العلوش العامري
اسم المشرف: نغم شاكر تركي العوادي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء الفيزيائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تم استخدام حسابات ميكانيك الكم التقريبية شبه التجريبية وفق نموذج الحساب PM3)) وحسابات ميكانيك الكم الاساسية التامة غير التقريبية وفق نظرية دوال الكثافة (DFT) وباسلوب B3LYP وعناصر قاعدة 6 - 311G لحساب جزيئة الفلرين التي امتلكت التماثل Ih مع وحدات بناءها (5 | Semi - empirical quantum mechanical methods (PM3) and Density Functional theory calculations (DFT/ B3LYP/ 6 - 311G) were executed to evaluate the fullerene molecule ,the internal coordinates (bond length and angles) and some physical and energetic properties.Calculations of the geometrical Parameters (bond lengths and bond angles), have shown that the (C=C) bond length is increased with increasing the size of the molecule that increased elasticity especially to fullerene to be like a ball. The (C - C) bond length is decreased with increasing the size of molecule, that means fullerene will be more stable than the other molecules.The energetic values (heat of formation) is found to be increased with the increasing of the size of molecule. The total energy is decreased with increasing size of molecule that means the stability will increase with the increasing of the size of unit construction of fullerene molecule , on the other hand , the energetic difference (E HOMO - LUMO) between the higher level of orbital and the lower level of orbital are decreased with the increasing of the size of molecule ' unit construction reaching to the fullerene molecule. So, this property will increase the significance of fullerene in the industrial and the electrical purposes.The vibrational modes frequencies with ( 3N - 6) whereas N is represented by number of molecule atoms which are evaluated with the absorption intensities of infrared frequencies. symmetrical and coordinated modes were discussed at the equilibrium geometric formation by using the programs MOPAC & Gaussian 05.It is worthy to say that it was not mentioned before that the complementary classification for the vibrated motion modes for such molecules , so our evaluations may considered unique. It is noted , as well , that CH stretching frequency has had fluctuations that means increasing and decreasing in the values of frequencies. In connected with the bending vibrated modes which taking place out of plane of the molecule are decreased with the increasing size of the unit constructions of molecule but it is increased only at the fullerene molecule. Conversely, the bending vibrated modes which are taken place in the plane of molecule are increased with the increasing the size of unit construction of molecule but are decreased at the fullerene molecule.The distribution of the electronic charges density on the atoms of unit construction of fullerene molecule were studied, the results shown the absence of the electronic charge on the atoms of Fullerene molecule and its concentrated at atoms of the outer circumferential edges C - Cc for the aromatic rings in its own unit construction. Semi - empirical methods (PM3) and Density Functional theory calculations (DFT/ B3LYP/ 6 - 311G) were carried out to evaluate the vibration frequencies and infra - red (IR) absorption intensities for equilibrium geometries of construction units of (6,0) zigzag (Mono (D6h), Di (D6d), Tri(D6h), Tetra (D6d)) ring layers SWCNTs and the internal coordinates ( bond length & angles ) at the equilibrium geometric formation symmetrically according to group theory were evaluated. The most important notes were axial bond length C - Ca which is decreased with the increasing of the tube length whether odd or even number of ring layers. The length of these mentioned axial bonds will be longer in the outer layers than the middle layers that means the increasing of stability of the tube with its length increasing , with the ability of replacing the external atoms of the tube because they are connected with longer and weaker bonds. The reverse was found with the circumferential bond lengths C - Cc was as they were increased with the increasing length of the tube whether the tube was odd or even in number of ring layers. Moreover , the lengths of these bonds are decreased in the middle side to the outer one for the odd and even ring layers. This will confirm the stability of the tube with its length increasing. The lengths of outer bonds C - H which are situated on the edges of the tube which were approximately fixed , with exception of the bond length of CH bonds in Mono ring layers which were longer because the large negative charge on carbon to which it is bonded and the large positive charge on it compared with the positive charge on hydrogen atoms of the multi - layers tubes. The heat of formation which was found to be increased with the increasing of the length of the tube , that means increasing of the stability and the aromatic properties , with the increasing of number of tube' layers. This property will increase the importance in the uses of these tubes for the industrial and electrical purposes as semi - conductors.The vibrational modes frequencies with 3N - 6 with the absorption intensities of infrared frequencies were evaluated and classified. These modes were discussed in symmetrical and coordinating manners at the equilibrium geometric formation, by using the programs of MOPAC and Gaussian 05 , with confirming on unavailability of bounded specification for such modes with 3N - 6 in the literature. We have a through our studies that the stretching vibration modes of symmetric and anti - symmetric Carbon - Carbon axial bond (C - Ca) increased with the increasing length of tube , and this will increase the physical properties for electrical conductivity with confirming on the significance of nanotube industrially. For the vibrational bending frequencies which are taking place in plane and out of plane of molecule surface as well as the vibrational stretching for odd number of ring layers (Mono and Tri) fluctuation will be happening in the relations , as all of them will be decreased with the increasing of tube ' length except (C - Caasym, C - Casym , ? CHsciss. , ? ringasym , ? ringsym and ? ringsym ) which be increased with the increasing the length of tube. The vibrational bending frequencies which are taking place in plane and out of plane of molecule surface for the even number of ring layers ( Di and Tetra layers ) will be decreased with the increasing of tube' length except (? CHsciss.) which is increased with the increasing of tube' length. Furthermore , all vibrational modes which are related to the puckering , breathing and bending movements of clockwise and anti - clockwise according to "group theory" were determined in accurate manner to which deformations are related , which are happened in the tubes , as a result of vibration, that may prevent the flow of electrons' movements and their transitions. The numerical values for the vibrational frequencies which are resulted from Semi - empirical methods (PM3) were acceptable in comparing with the strict calculations , hopping to achieve best values and to be close to the values obtained for the strict calculations (DFT) method to be suited with the basis and standards that are depended internationally. Some of these values were corrected by multiplied by constant scaling factors for such molecules. The results of scaling were good and very close to the experimental and calculated values.The distribution of charges' density on units of construction atoms of (6,0) zigzag nanotube SWCNTs also were studied. The results were consistent with the physical and experimental conductivity properties for such calculated tubes , as the intensity of the electronic charge was concentrated on the outer circumferential edges of atoms C - Cc for the aromatic molecules as well as for nanotubes with its disappearing form outer side towards the middle side of multi - ring layers ( Mono , Di , Tri and Tetra ).

تحضير ودراسة مشتقات 2 - امينو - 5 - ثايول - 4,3,1 - ثايادايازول الجديدة == Study And Synthesis of New 2 - Amino - 5 - Thiol - 1,3,4 - Thiadiazole Derivatives

اسم المؤلف: هبه مشتاق احمد علي البدري
اسم المشرف: محمد مهدي صالح الدليمي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2007
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء التحليلية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The project conducted in this research work was carried out from October 2013 to May 2014 which leads to this thesis. It full's into five chapters. All these chapters cover up the survey, the practical part of preparing,manufacturing and testing many designs that have been adopted during this research work, and the results were subjected into various mathematic and data treatment.Chapter One : discuses the light (first part) absorption process and describes FIA in general (second part), it is classification and fundamentally involved ideas , the uses and applications of FIA. Chapter one also reviews the use of Ceric sulfate (third part) as a reagent definition, properties, uses and the applications. This chapter ends with the aim of the project.Chapter Two : In this chapter a complete description of the chemicals, their preparations and, using them throughout this project. This chapter also describes the use of flow system with all it is components (i.e. peristaltic pump, connection tubes, junction(Y - junction), six ports injection valve, reaction coil, and measuring readout system).Chapter Three : consists of three parts. The first part describes the design of Ayah 3SBGRx3 - 3D solar cell CFIA microphotometer. The idea of the use with the application of new flow injection microphotometer was build up to measure the responses. Flow injection microphotometer was made based on the use of a solar silicon cells as a detectors, and LEDs as an irradiation sources.The second part deals with calculation of dilution factor. This study was carried out to evaluate the change in concentration at each location of the designed manifold system via the chasse of an air bubble.The third part deals with the analysis carried out in this research work.Three different phenolic compounds (Pyrocatechol, Resorcinol, and Pyrogallol) were subjected by Ceric sulfate as oxidizing agent. A comprehensive detailed study was carried out using Ayah 3SBGRx3 - 3D solar cell CFIA microphotometer, the linear range, limit of detection (L.O.D) and percentage relative standard deviation for repeatability were 5 - 40 mMol.L - 1 , 36.63 ng/sample and < 1.5% successively for Pyrocatechol, and 5 - 40 mMol.L - 1, 17.17 ng/sample, and < 0.7% respectively for Resorcinol. While 5 - 40 mMol.L - 1, 41.61 ng/sample, and < 2 % for Pyrogallol. The method was applied successfully for determination of the mentioned phenolic compounds in pure samples. A comparison was made between the newly developed method and the classical method (UV - Vis spectrophotometry) at wave length 492, 481, and 438 nm for Pyrocatechol, Resorcinol and pyrogallol espectively of analysis using the standard additions method via the use of aired t - test. The obtained results was treated mathematically, it was noticed hat there was no significant difference between two different methods for analysis of three different organic compounds; in addition to no significant difference in the contribution of the Pyrocatechol, Resorcinol and pyrogallol to the oxidation reaction path, at 95% confidence level.Chapter Four : deals with the analysis of two different drugs (first part : Amiloride, and second part Ciprofloxacin) carried out in this research work using Ceric sulfate as a oxidizing agent. A comprehensive detailed study was carried out by Ayah 3SBGRx3 - 3D solar cell CFIA microphotometer, the linear range, limit of detection (L.O.D) and percentage relative standard deviation for repeatability were 0.0005 - 10 mMol.L - 1, 9.471 ng/sample, and < 1.3% successively for Amiloride. 0.05 - 12 mMol.L - 1, 0.300 ?g/sample, and < 0.6%, for Ciprofloxacin. The method was applied successfully for determination of mentioned drugs in pharmaceuticals formulation. A comparison (forAmiloride ) was made between the newly developed method and the classical method (UV - Vis spectrophotometry at wave length 540nm) of analysis using the standard additions method via the use of paired t - test. It showed that there was no significant difference between the quoted value of each individual company with calculated t - value at 95% confidence interval from developed method, in addition to comparison between two methods and calculate tvalue, it was noticed that there was no significant differences between two methods at 99% but a significant difference at 95% confidence level. A comparison (for Ciprofloxacin) was made between the newly developed method and the classical method (UV - Vis spectrophotometry) at wave length 551nm of analysis using the standard additions method via the use of paired t - test. It showed that there was no significant difference between the quoted values of each individual company with calculated t - value at 95% confidence interval from developed method, in addition to comparison between two methods and calculate t - value, it was noticed that there was no significant difference between two methods at 95%.Chapter Five : This chapter concludes few interesting points based on the obtained results throughout this research work, such as Conclusions and future prospect, Published work, and references.

تحضير وتشخيص ودراسة الفعالية البايولوجية المحتمله لبعض مشتقات 5,4 - ثنائي فنيل ايميدازول == Synthesis, Characterization And Study of The Potential Biological Activity of Some - 4,5 - Di Phenyl Imidazole Derivatives

اسم المؤلف: منار غياث عبد المطلب الموسوي
اسم المشرف: حسن ثامر غانم
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية العلوم للبنات - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: برزت اهمية مركبات الثاياديازول لما لها من فعالية بايولوجية وتطبيقات دوائية، ونظرا لاهمية الازو صناعيا وبايولوجيا لذا تم تحضير مشتقات ازو للثايادايازولات باستخدام المشتق 2 - amino - 5 - thiol - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole كاساس في هذا البحث وكما ياتي : 1 - تحضير ا | Recently, the signifificance of thiadiazole compounds appeared form their biological activity and medical applications therefore.Azo thiadiazole derivatives were prepared by using 2 - amino - 5 - thiol - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole as starting material in this research.1. Preparation of (A1) 2 - amino - 5 - thiol - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole through ring cyclization thiosemicarbazide in the presence of anhydrous sodium carbonate and CS2.[A1]2. Preparation of diazonium salt (A2) by reaction of compounds (A1) with sodium nitrate and hydrochioric acid at low temperature(0 - 50C) with stirring. [A2]3. Preparation of new azo compounds[A3 - A15] by the reaction diazonium salt [A2] with different aromatic compounds. [A3 - A15]4. Schiff bases [A16 - A23] have been prepared from the reaations of azo compounds [A3 - A5] with different aromatic aldehydes.[A16, A17, A18, A19, A20, A21, A22, A23]5. Preparation of new thio ester derivatives[A24, A25, A27] by reaction of azo compounds [A6, A7, A8] with acetyl chloride in the presence of pyridine. [A24, A25, A27] 6. Preparation of new thio ester derivatives [A26, A28] by reaction of azo compounds [A8, A9] with 2 - chloro benzoyl chloride in the presence of pyridine. [A26, A28]7. Preparation of new thio ether derivatives [A29, A30] by alkylation of azo compounds [A11] with bromo butane and bromo pentane in the presence of NaOH. [A29, A30]8.Melting boints of all prepared compounds have been measured and some of physical properties were studied lnddition, the structure eluciclation of a bove compound was carried out by using some spectroscopic methods (F.T.I.R and UV).

تحضير وتشخيص بعض المشتقات البوليمرية الجديدة للبولي فاينايل الكحول == Synthesis And Identification of Some New Polymeric Derivatives of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)

اسم المؤلف: باسل محمد احمد حيود الجميلي
اسم المشرف: احمد عبد الحسن احمد الكاظمي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت هذة الدراسة تحضير مركبات مختلفة لل 5,4 - ثنائي فنيل ايميدازول من خلال خطوات كثيرة : شملت الخطوه الاولى من البحث تحضير مركب الازو ايميدازول (H) وذلك عن طريق تفاعل الازدواج لل 5,4 - ثنائي فنيل ايميدازول مع املاح الديازونيوم 4 - امينو اسيتوفينون.اما ا | This study deals with the synthesis of new different compounds of 4,5 - di phenyl imidazole via many steps : The first part of this study includes synthesis of azo compounds of 4,5 - di phenyl imidazole by coupling reaction of 4,5 - di phenyl imidazole with Diazonium salts then of 4 - aminoacetophenone. The second part includes synthesis of new azo - chalcone derivatives (H1 - H4)by react on(H) coumpound with different derivatives of benzaldehyde.The third part includes the synthesis of oxazine compounds (H5 - H7) by reaction of (H1,H2,H3)respectively compounds with urea.The fourth part includes synthesis of Schiff base(H8 - H13) by the reaction of the compound(H) with different derivatives of aniline.The fifth part of includes synthesis of oxazepine derivatives(H14 - H21) from reaction of Schiff bases (H8 - H13)with phthalic anhydride and (H9,H10)with maleic anhydride,and synthesis of titrazoles derivatives (H22)from reaction of Schiff base(H12) with Sodium azid (NaN3).The final part of this research includes the biological activity study of some prepared compounds and showes that there is inhibitory activity against fungul.The chemical reaction are checked by using (T.L.C) Technique, all the prepared compounds were characterized by using FT - IR and (¹H - NMR) and (C.H.N) for some of these compounds , and these identification studies approved the correctness of structures for the prepared derivatives.The following schemes explains the stages of reactions for the prepared compounds

دراسة مستويات الفا - لـ فيوكوز وبعض الدوال الكيموحيوية في مصول دم النساء اللواتي عانين من الاجهاض المفرد للثلث الثاني من الحمل == Study of The Level ? - L - Fucose And Some Biochemical Parameters in Seram of Single Abortion At The Second Trimester of Pregnancy

اسم المؤلف: فؤاد احمد عمر
اسم المشرف: صباح حسين خورشيد
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمن البحث اجـراء بعض التحويرات الكيميائيـة الجديدة للبولي(فاينايل الكحول) وتضمنت التفاعلات تحوير مجموعة الهيدروكسيل الى مجموعة الزانثيت للحصول علـى ملح زانثيت الصوديوم البوليمري , وقد استخدم هذا الملح للتفاعل مع كل من : - 1 - اورثو كلورو بنزيل كلورايد و| This research includes some new chemical modifications which have been done on Poly(vinyl alcohol) through the hydroxyl group which has been converted to xanthate group to obtain the polymeric sodium xanthate salt and the later has been used for the reaction with the followings : 1 - O - chlorobenzyl chloride and 1,3 - Dibromopropane to get xanthate esters also the xanthate salt was reacted with ammonium chloride to form the polymeric ammonium xanthate salt.2 - The reaction with iodine to form the polymeric crosslinked Dixanthate.3 - The reaction with diazonium salts prepared from aniline , P - nitro aniline , benzidine , 4,4 - methylene dianiline to form the diazoxanthate polymers. 4 - The reaction with some transition metal ions such as (Ni2+, Mn2+, Co2+) to form some polymeric complexes.The other part of the work includes the oxidation of Poly (vinyl alcohol) to get the oxidized form Poly(oxomethylene) which was reacted with hydrazines to prepare polymeric hydrazones and azine and also gallic acid has been used to esterify the poly(vinyl alcohol) to get poly(vinyl gallate) and phosphorus pentachloride to prepare polymeric trialkyl phosphate.Finally a thermal elimination experiment has been done on one of the polymeric xanthate ester to yield polyene.The polymeric products have been identified spectroscopically using the IR and UV technique , one of the products has been identified by NMR technique and some of the polymeric products have been analyzed for (C.H.N.S.) and also the magnetic susceptibility of some complexes have been measured.

تحضير عدد من المركبات الحلقية غير المتجانسة المشتقة من 2 - امينو - 6 - بروموبنزوثايازول وتقييم تاثيرها البيولوجي == Synthesis of Some Heterocyclic Compounds Derived From 2 - Amino - 6 - Bromobenzothiazole And Evaluation Their Biological Activity

اسم المؤلف: خالد عبد العزيز عطية البدراني
اسم المشرف: خالد مطني محمد الجنابي | احمد خضر احمد الخياط
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة لتحديد الدوال المدروسة مع عينات عمرية لنساء مصابات بالاجهاض للثلث االثاني من الحمل ومستويات تركيزالفيوكوز الكلي Total fucose (TF), والفيوكوز المرتبط بالبروتين protein bound fucose (PBF), والسكريات السداسية المرتبطة بالبروتين (PBH) protei | The study was done to determine the relationship between the causes of abortion in women during the second trimester of pregnancy and total fucose (TF) level , protein bound fucose (PBF) , protein bound hexose (PBHex) and other biochemical parameter , which include : thyroid gland hormones ( T3, T4 ,TSH ) and testosterone , progesterone and Prolactin as well as the estimation of the levels of cholesterol , triglyceride , high density lipoprotein( HDL) , low density lipoprotein ( LDL) , and very low density lipoprotein( VLDL) Samples of ( 53) patientshave been collected from Azadi hospital and General Kirkuk hospital who have suffered from abortion where the agesranged between ( 16 - 45) years divided into three age groups first age group( 15 - 24) years & second age group( 25 - 34) years & third age group( 35 - 44) years. also the studyincluded (40) healthy persons at same age groups regarded as control groups1. Significant increase in the levels of (TF & PBF ) and Significantdecrease in the levels of (PBHex in aborted women compared with non - pregnant women2. Significant increase in thyroid hormone (T3) for the first & third age group, and there is no significant difference for the second age group in aborted women compared with non - pregnant women. Significant increase in thyroid hormone (T4) for the first & third age group, and Significant decrease for the second age group in aborted womencompared with non - pregnant women. Significant decrease for the first & third age group and Significant increase for the second age group in thyroid hormone (TSH) in aborted women compared withnon - pregnant women.3. Significant increase in Testosterone hormone level For all age Groups in aborted women compared with non - pregnant women And Significant decrease in progesterone hormone level For all age Groups in aborted women compared with non - pregnant women. 4. Significant increase in Prolactin level in aborted women compared with non - pregnant women.5. Significant decrease in( cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and VLDL) level in aborted women compared with non - pregnant women. 6. Significant increase in the levels of ( HDL ) for the first age group, and there is no significant difference for the second& third age group in aborted women compared with non - pregnant women.

تحضير وتشخيص عدد من معقدات البلاديوم (??) والبلاتين (II) مع مزيج من ليكاندات الثايويوريا او الحلقات غير المتجانسة الحاوية على الامين مع السكارين او الثايوسكارين == Synthesis And Characterization of Some Palladium (??) And Platinum(II) Mixed Ligand Complexes of Thiourea Or Heterocyclic Amine And Saccharin Or Thiosaccharine

اسم المؤلف: نور عبد المجيد ضياف الدوري
اسم المشرف: صبحي عطية محمود الجبوري | مظهر يونس محمد المهيدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء العضوية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تتناول هذه الاطروحة تحضير المركبات الحلقية غير المتجانسة ذات الحلقة الخماسية مثل معوضات الثايادايازول و3,2,1 - ترايازولين والثايازولدين - 4 - اون والحلقة الرباعية مثل الازتدين - 2 - اون والحلقة الثلاثية الاوكسازردين, فضلا عن تحضير الحلقة السداسية البرمدين | The thesis deals with hetero cyclic compounds with five member rings like thiadiazole substituted 1,2,3 - triazoline and thiazoldine - 4 - one, four member ring like azetidine - 2 - one and three member rings oxazirdine. Synthesis including six member ring compounds like pyrimidin - 2,4,6 - trione in addition to synthesis seven member ring compound like oxazepine are synthesized. In the present work 4 - bromo aniline is used as precursor for the synthesis of the required compound; the 2 - aminobenzothiazole - 6 - bromo (K1) is synthesized from the reaction of 4 - bromo aniline with potassium thiocyanate in presence of bromine, the later (K1) was reacted with ethyl chloroformate to give ethylcarbamate (K2),which is used for the synthesis of urea derivatives (K3 - 8).through (K2) reaction with substituted aniline. Pyrmidin - 2,4,6 - trione (K9 - 14) is synthesized from the reaction of malonic acid with urea derivatives in acetyl chloride.Schiff bases (K15 - 20) are prepared through the condensation of 2 - aminobenzothiazole with substituted benzyldehid. Seven member ring are synthesized by cyclaziation of Schiff bases (K15 - 20) by using malic anhydride in absolute ethanol to give 2 - aryl - 3 - N - 6 - bromobenzothiazole - 5 - 7 - dione oxazepene (K21 - 26). four member ring is prepared from the reaction of Schiff bases(K15 - 20) with chloro acetyl chloride in 1,4 - Dioxane in the presence of tri ethyl amine to give azetidine - 2 - one(K27 - 32). Thiazoldine - 4 - one(K33 - 38) is synthesized from the reaction of Schiff bases(K15 - 20) with thioglycolic acid in the presence of Zinc chloride. The Oxazirdine(K74 - 79) is also prepared from the reaction of Schiff bases(K15 - 20) with 3 - chloro per benzoic acid in pyridine. 2 - (2 - chloroacetamide) - 6 - bromobenzothiazole(K39) is prepared from the reaction of 2 - aminobenzothiazole - 6 - bromo (K1) with chloro acetyl chloride. The compound (K39) is used in the preparation of substituted aryl amino acetyl - 2 - amino - 6 - bromobenzothiazole (K40 - 46) through its reaction with substituted amine. The thiazoldine - 4 - one - 2 - imine (K47) is also synthesized from the reaction of compound (K39) with potassium thiocyanate. The thiazoldine - 4 - one - 2 - imine (K47) is reacted with substituted benzeldehyd to give 2 - (5 - (aryldin) - 2 - imino - 4 - oxo - thiazoldin - 3 - yl) 6 - bromobenzothiazole (K48 - 53).The 2 - (6 - bromobenzothiazole - 2 - ylimino) thiozoldine - 4 - one(K95) is prepared from the reaction of 2 - acetylamino - 6 - bromobenzothiazole(K39) with ammonium isothiocyanate in ethanol 96%. The thiazoldine - 4 - one(K95) is used in the preparation of 2 - (6 - bromobenzothiazole - 2 - ylimino) - 5 - (sub.Methyl) thiozoldine - 4 - one(K96 - 100) through its reaction with various amine and formaldehyde.The aminobenzothiazole (K1) is also used for the preparation of thiosemicarbazide (K54) by its reaction with carbon disulphide. The substituted 1,3,4 - thiadiazole (K55 - 60) is synthesized from the reaction of thiosemicarbazide (K54) with various of carboxylic acids in the presence of phosphorous oxychloride. The aminobenzothiazole (K1) is used in the preparation of aryl ( benzothiazole - 2 - ayl ) dithiocarbamate (K61 - 65) through its reaction with carbon disulphide and arylhalid or alkylhalid in ethanol.The 2 - azido - 6 - bromobenzothiazole (K66) is prepared from the reaction of sodium azide with diazonuim salt ( prepared from the reaction of benzothiazole (K1) with sodium nitrate , hydrochloric acid ). 1,2,3 - triazoline (K67 - 71) are synthesized through the reaction of 2 - azidobenzothiazole (K66) with various olefin in ethanol. The treatment of aminobenzothiazole (K1) with phenyl isothiocyanate gives (6 - bromobenzothiazole - 2 - yl) - 3 - phenylthiourea (K72) which is converted to (6 - bromobenzothiazole - 2 - yl) - 3 - phenyl - 2 - thioxydihydropermidine - 4 - 6 - one (K73) through its reaction with malonic acid in dry. Benzene. The 2 - hydrazinobenzothiazole (K80) is prepared from the reaction of 2 - aminobenzothiazole (K1) with a mixture from hydrazine hydrate and hydrochloric acid in ethylene glycol. Pyrazoline compounds (87 - 92) are synthesized from the reaction of chalcons (K81 - 86) ( which are prepared from the condensation of substituted benzaldehyde with acetophenone in a base medium ) with hydrazino (K80). The hydrazino (K80) is used in the preparation of 2 - amino( - 6 - bromobenzothiazole)isoandole - 1,3 - diaone (K93) and 1 - (2 - amino - 6 - bromobenzothiazole)pyrroline - 2,5 - di - one (K94) through its reaction with phathalic anhydride and malic anhydride in ethanol. For furthur work, the preparation of Schiff bases (K101 - 110) carried out. from the condensation of substituted benzaldehyde with hydrazino (K80) in the presence of glacial acetic acid in ethanol. The 3 - ( - 6 - bromobenzothiazole - 2 - ylamino) - 2 - (sub.aryl) - 5,7 - di - one oxazipene (K111 - 120) are synthesized by cyclazition of Schiff bases (K101 - 110) by using malic anhydride in methanol. Schiff bases (K101 - 110) are also used in preparation of 1 - ( - 6 - bromobenzothiazole - 2 - ylamino) - 4 - (sub.aryl) - 3 - chloro - 2 - oxo - zetidine - 2 - one (K121 - 130) through its rection with chloro acetyl chloride in presence of tri ethyl amine in 1,4 - Dioxan. The 3 - (6 - bromobenzothioazol - 2 - ylamino) - 2 - (substituted aryl)thiozoldin - 4 - one (K130 - 140) is prepared from the reaction of thioglycolic acid with Schiff bases (K101 - 110) in presence of zinc chloride in dry. Benzene. In order to show the antibacterial activity of prepared compounds (k11,k23,k41,k56,k61,k62,k89,k97,k112,k118,k126,k137,k139) are evaluated against four types of common bacteria (Bacillus subtillis, Staphylococcus aureus, Eschershia coli, Klebsiella peneuomina). The result of biological study are compared with standered antibiotic (Ciprofloxacine & Gentamycin). The structure of the synthesized compound are confirmed by I.R, 1H - NMR & 13C - NMR spectra and Some chemical physical data.

تحضير وتشخيص مركبات غير متجانسة حلقية متعددة من مشتقات الازو اوقواعد شف == Synthesi And Identifecation of Heterocyclic Multiple Ring Compounds of Azo Derivatives And Schiff Bases

اسم المؤلف: ولاء فاضل عبد ضفير
اسم المشرف: فائز عبد الحسين عبد الرماحي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية العلوم - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تتضمن هذه الرسالة تحضير وتشخيص عدد من معقدات البلاديوم (??) والبلاتين (II) مع مزيج من ليكاندات الثايويوريا او الحلقات غير المتجانسة الحاوية على الامين مع السكارين او الثايوسكارين. وحضرت معقدات من النوع [M(L)2] حيث ان : M = Pd (??) , Pt (??) , L = PTUH ( | Work in this thesis includes synthesis and characterization of some palladium(??) and Platinum(II) mixed ligand complexes of thiourea or hetrocyclic amine and saccharin or thiosaccharine.Complexes of the type [M(L)2] were prepared, {M= Pd(??) , Pt(II) , L= PTUH}where : (PTUH) = {N - Pheny1 - N - (2 - thiazoyl)thiourea} by treatment of the appropriate ligand with Na2PdCl4 or K2PtCl4 to give square planer complexes, in which thiourea anoin ligand behave as a bidentate coordinate to metal through the S atom of thioamide group and the nitrogen atom of thiozolComplexes of the type trans - [MCl2(L)2] L =ABI , AT , M = Pd(?? ) , Pt(??)ABI = 2 - amino Benzimidazol وAT = 2 - aminothiazolwere prepared by treatment of the appropriate ligand with Na2PdCl4 or K2PtCl4 to give square planer complexes , in which benzimidazol and thiazol behave as monodentate coordinate to Pd(??) metal through the N atom while the Palladium thiazol complex showed two isomer the N and S - bonded isomer.Palladium (??) or Pt(II) complexes of the type trans - [Pd(sac)2(L)2] were prepared by treatment of trans - [PdCl2(L)2] with Nasac. Sac anion ligand behaves as a monodentate coordinate to Pd (??) metal through the N atom.Thiosaccharinate complexes of the type trans - [Pd(tsac)2(L)2] (L=ABI, AT) were prepared in which (L) behaves as a monodentate which coordinate to Pd(??) metal through the cyclic N atom while the thiosaccharin anion behaves as a monodentate ligand coordinated to palladium metal through the sulfur atom. The PTUH ligand was characterized by infrared spectra and (1H n.m.r).The prepared complexes were characterized by molar conductances, Elemental analysis, Infrared spectra, 1H n.m.r data also the structure of trans - [Pd(PTU)2] and cis - [Pt(PTU)2] were determined by single crystal x - ray diffraction.The complex trans - [Pd (PTU)2] crystallizes in the monoclinic space group p 21/c with a= 12.510(17) ? , ? = 5.6963 ?, C=15.322(2) ? ?=90° , ?=90.066(17) ° , ?=90° and Z=2 Molecules per unit Cell. The complex cis - [Pt(PTU)] crystallizes in orthorhombic space group with a=7.3021(5) ?, b=11.8025 (9) ?, C=25.6282(19) ?, ?=90 ?, ?=90(17) °, ?=90 and Z=4 Molecules per unit Cell.

تحضير ودراسة السلوك البلوري السائل ل الفا - بيتا (4 - n - الكوكسي - 6,5,3,2 - رباعي مثيل - 4? - اوكسي - ازوبنزين) ايثان == Preparation And Study The Behavior of The Liquid Crystalline ? - ? (4 - N - Alkoxy - 2,3,5,6 - Tetra Methyl - 4 - Oxy - Azobenzene) Ethan

اسم المؤلف: نور محمود عبد الحسين التميمي
اسم المشرف: ساجدة هادي رضا
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت هذة الدراسة تحضير مشتقات حلقية غير متجانسة مثل 2 - امينو - 4 - فنيل ثيازول(2 - Amino - 4 - phenyl thiazol)، والاوكسازبين(Oxazepine)، والتريازول(triazol)، والاميدازوليدين(Imidazolidine). ابتداءا من (2 - Amino thiazol) و(Acetophenon) كمركبات اساس | This Study include synthesis of some heterocyclic derivatives such as (2 - amino - 4 - phenyl thiazol) , (oxazepine) ,(tetrazole) and (Imidazolidine) ,starting from (2 - amino thiazol) and (acetophenon) This Work is divided in to three Parts : Part one : Include Foure StepsThe first step include synthesis of 2 - amino - 4 - phenyl thiazol from (acetophenon),(thiourea ),(Iodine) ,while second step repersents the formation of Azo derivatives of (2 - amino - 4 - phenyl thiazol) ,while third step includes the formation of schiff base derivatives through reaction of azo compound with (3 - hydroxybenzaldehyde) The fourth step includes the reaction of prepared shiff base with compound (? - alanine) These steps are explain in diagram (1)Diagram No.1Part two : Includes two stepsFirst step includes the formation of schiff base derivatives of (2 - amino thiazol) through reaction of (2 - amino thiazol) with several compound , while second step includes reaction of several compounds with prepared schiff base to formate five and seven ring Theses steps are explain in diagram(2) Diagram No.(2)Part Three : Includes two stepsThe first step includes reaction of (acetylaceton) and (isatine) with (2 - amino thiazol) to formate new schiff base , while second step includes reaction several compound with prepared schiff base to formate five and seven ring.These steps are explain in Digram (3) Diagram No.3The sequence of reaction steps are followed up by (TLC) technique , and by busing solvents (methanol and benzene(1 : 4)) and ethyl acetate.All compounds are identified by (FT : IR) ,and some compounds by H1 - NMR and (C.H.N.S)

تحضير الكاشفين DPIDBSA وMBDPI واستعمالهما في الدراسة التحليلية للايونات Co(II) , Ni(II) , Cu(II) بالطرق الطيفية == The Preparation And Use of The Two Reagents DPIDBSA And MBDPI In An Analytical Study of Ions Co(II) , Ni(II) , Cu(II) By Spectroscopic Methods

اسم المؤلف: زينب جاسم خضير الربيعي
اسم المشرف: سامي وحيد راضي الحسناوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تم تحضير مركبات دايمرات ازوبلورية سائلة بالصيغة الاتية : no.on n = 2 - 7و تشخيصها بالطراق الطيفية المتمثلة بطيف الاشعه تحت الحمراء وطيف الرنين النووي المغناطيسي للبروتون بالاضافة الى التحليل العنصر الدقيق وقد تبين من خلال التحليل الطيفي والتحليل العنصري | A new series of liquid crystal compound has been synthesized : no.on n=2 - 7 The identification of this new series had been done by IR and HNMR spectra in addition to C.H.N analysis. By using a hot stage polarizing microscope, it was found that the members n=2,3 show pure nematic phase and members n=4 - 7 show smectice (sc ) in addition to nematic phase. The effect of the number of carbon atoms on the side chains of the these compounds with TN - I shows odd - even effect transition temperatures was recognized. The TN - Sc show odd - even odd effect. The brodeniris groups (CH3) in terminal benzene rings decrease the transition temperature and has less effect on dimenshing the liquid crystalline properties than the monomers.

تحضير وتشخيص معقدات بعض العناصر الانتقالية مع ليكاندات نتروجينية ودراسة فعاليتها الحيوية == Preparation And Identification Complexes of Some Transition Metales With Nitrogeneus Ligands And Study Its Biological Activity

اسم المؤلف: علي ابراهيم علي بكر الجبوري
اسم المشرف: نهلة عبد الحميد عبد الجبار
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية العلوم - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمن البحث تحضير كاشفين جديدين هما الكاشف 3 - ((4,5 - diphenyl imidazole) diazenyl) benzene sulfonic acid ويرمز له (DPIDBSA) والكاشـــف2 - ((3 - methoxy phenyl) diazenyl) - 4,5 - diphenyl imidazole ويرمز له (MBDPI) وذلــــك من مفاعلة ملـح الديازونيـوم ل | This thesis included the preparation of the two new reagents 3 - ((4,5 - diphenyl imidazole) diazenyl) benzene sulfonic acid (DPIDBSA) and 2 - ((3 - methoxy phenyl) diazenyl) - 4,5 - diphenyl imidazole (MBDPI) by reacting adiazonium salt solution of (3 - aminobenzene sulfonic acid) and (3 - methoxyaniline) with (4,5 - diphenyl imidazole) in alkaline ethanoic Solution.The identity of these reagents have been characterized by spectral methods such as(UV - Vis) , FTIR , another physical properties (m.p.) and elemental analysis.The ionization constant of the reagent (DPIDBSA) was determine using spectroscopic method , the pKa was equal to 9.9.Six chelating complexes of the above reagents were synthesized with metal ions) Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+). The two wavelength of maximum absorption for the two reagents were found (422nm) and (416nm) respectively in ethanol and for the complexes formed between these ions with these reagents were found at (476, 492, 504nm) and (455, 458, 496nm) for cobalt(II) , nickel(II) and copper(II) respectively in aqueous medium.It has been prepared after fixing the optimum condition of concentration and acidity function, through the study of UV - Vis spectrum for reacting of metal solution and two reagents solution. For wide range of pH (5 - 11) and concentration which obey to Beer - Lambert Law.The structures were determine according to the mole ratio method and continuous variation method which is obtained from the spectroscopic studies of the complex solutions. The ratios of (metal : reagent) are equal to (1 : 2) for all the complexes ions.The stability of complexes in the solutions was also studied at the optimum conditions.Diagnosis the solid prepared complexes by UV - Vis spectrum in ethanol solution showed high chromic shift from as compared with free reagents in visible region to all the complexes prepared.Micro elemental analysis for all the complexes were prepared and the percentage of Co(II) and Cu(II) were determined , using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy, it was noticed a great accord between theoretical and particle ratio.The infrared spectrum of chelating complexes also studied and it's compared with the two reagents spectrum. They give notice change with free two reagents spectrum. These showed new bands that were not found original in two reagents spectra but other bands have been changed in shape, in trinity and location. This may indicate that a coordination between the metal ions and the two reagents prepared.The Conductivity measurements for solutions at (1×10 - 3M) in ethanol solution have shown non - ionic character for all chelate complexes.From the above observations, it's suggested stereo shapes for complexes, that show the two reagents (DPIDBSA) and (MBDPI) behave as bidentit reagent, we can conclude that the proposed geometrical structure of all chelate complexes are octahedral.The study also included using spectrum method for determination stability constant of complexes in the thermal rang (25 - 45C?) for complexes with reagent (DPIDBSA) while the thermal rang was (10 - 30 C?) for complexes with reagent (MBDPI), and calculating ?G , ?H and ?S for complexes.The bacterial activity of the ligand and it's complexes were studied toward two type of bacteria : 1 - Pseudomonas. aurginosa 2 - StaphylloCoccus. aureusThe complex of Ni(II) with reagent (DPIDBSA) and the complexes of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) with reagent (MBDPI) and metal ions solution showed high bacterial activity on Pseudomonas. aurginosa while the solution of two reagents and all chelate complexes prepared also the aqueous solution of metal ions don't showed any activity toward the two type of bacteria (StaphylloCoccus. aureus) (G+ve).

دراسة بعض المتغيرات الكيموحيوية على مرضى ضغط الدم

اسم المؤلف: منال عدنان ابراهيم
اسم المشرف: نزار احمد ناجي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2011
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الكيمياء
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يتضمن البحث تحضير مشتقات جديدة للقاعدة النتروجينية البيورينية (ثيوفلين) باضافة مجموعة ازو (Azo group) الى هذه القاعدة حيث تتصل بالطرف الاخر لمجموعة الازو الحلقية حلقة بنزين معوضة بمجاميع مختلفة مثل (SO3H , Br , NO2) وقد حضرت اربعة مشتقات للثيوفيلين1 - SA | This study include synthesis of new derivatives of nitrogen bases purin (theophylline) by adding azo group to these Bases where connecting in the other terminal with Banzen ring substituted by different group like (NO3, Br,...) Four derivatives of the theophylline where these are SAT , BAT , 4NAT , 3NAT these derivatives were used as ligand because of is abitity to from helating complex , these derivatives were reacted with eight metal ions these are (Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, La3+, Ce3+) these complex were characterized by many methods as molarratio, measuring of electrical conductivity electronic spectra , which helped us to find the chemical structure of those complex this study also found that ratio of ligand metal was 2 : 1 this study also include the study of biological effect for these ligand and complexes on four deferent pathogenic species (staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus viridans ) ,(protens vulgaris, pseudomonas aeruginosa ) the two first species are gram positive while the other are gram negative , finally (by using disk diffusion method) it was found that these compounds show different activity of inhibition on other growth of the Becteria.

تطبيقات طريقة استخلاص سائل - سائل للفصل والتقدير الطيفي لبعض العناصر الانتقالية بواسطة معقدات عضوية جديدة == Applcations of Liquid - Liqid Extraction Method For Separation And Spectrophotometric Determiination To Some Transition Metal Elements By New Organic Reagents

اسم المؤلف: احمد ابراهيم حمزة
اسم المشرف: شوكت كاظم جواد
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء الحياتية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية العلوم - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة تاثير مرض ارتفاع ضغط الدم على بعض المتغيرات الكيموحيوية في الدم, ومقارنتها مع القيم الطبيعية (مجاميع السيطرة) والبالغ عددهم (125) (47 اناث و72 ذكور) والذين تراوحت اعمارهم بين (21 - 70) سنة حيث تضمن البحث : دراسة 115 حالة مرضية للاش | The present study was carried out to determine the effect of hypertension on some biochemical parameters in the blood compared to that of normal values of healthy subjects in healthy control group(125) (47 females and 72 males) Their ages ranged between(21 - 70) yearsThe study included : - 1 - seventy hypertensive patients(30 females and 40 males)Their ages ranged between (30 - 80) years the following biochemical parameters were included : (Cho, TG, HDL, LDL, VLDL, GOT, GPT, SOD MDA, HbA1C ,LDH, Metall oendopeptidase , leptin )for both hypertensive patients and health subjects as a control. Results of this study have shown a significant increase(p?0.05) in the concentration of cholesterol, triglyceride ,LDL,VLDL compared with control group while high density lipoprotein showed a significant decrease (p?0.05) compared with control groupThe estimation of LDL/HDL ratio showed a significant decrease (p?0.05) compared to that of healthy subjects The study also included the effect of hypertension duration on BMI and age in relation to the concentration of (Cho, TG ,LDL,VLDL,HDL)The study showed increase in the concentrations of (Cho, TG ,LDL,VLDL) while a decrease in the concentrations of high density lipoprotein for all patients compared with that of healthy subjects (control group).A clinical study of Metallo endopeptidase on the serum of healthy and hypertensive patients was carried which has been shown that the activity of this enzyme in healthy subjects does not affect by sex, age, and smoking while there is significant increase in the activity of Metallo endopeptidase in the serum of the hypertensive patients for both sexes at different ages compared with that of control group while there was an increase in the activity of Metallo endopeptidase in relation to the duration of disease the result also demonstrated a significant increase in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in hypertensive patients compared with that of control group.ALT and AST enzyme levels have been estimation in this study which showed a significant increase in the level of AST in hypertensive patients for both normal weight and overweight compared with that of control group, while ALT level showed no significant difference in hypertensive patients for both normal weight and overweight compared with that of control groupAs for Leptin the study has showed a significant increase in the concentrations of leptin hormone in control group of healthy subject (over weight BMI?25) compared with normal weight(BMI?25) for the same group. the concentration of leptin in all hypertensive patients showed an increase level in relation to age &BMIThis study also included the estimation of SOD and MDA in both hypertensive patients and healthy subjects (control group).It showed a significant decrease in the activity of SOD as the duration increases and there was a significant increase in the level of MDA(P?0.05)in hypertensive patients compared healthy group.Finally the level of (HbA1C) was also studied which no significant difference in hypertensive patients compared with that of control group, while there was a signi

استخدام تقنية كروماتوغرافيا الغاز باستعمال اطوار سائلة ثابتة لدراسة كفاءة فصل بعض مركبات الازو المشتقة من الباراكريزول == Use Gas - Chromatography Technique By Using Stationary Liquid Phases For Study of Separation Efficiency For Some Azo Compounds Derivative From P - Cresol

اسم المؤلف: وداد ابراهيم يحيى خزاعل
اسم المشرف: قاسم كاظم الاسدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: حضر كاشفين عضويين جديدين هما2 - [3 - Acyl methyl phenyl )azo] - 4,5 - diphenyl imidazol (3 - AMePADPI) 1 - [(2 - Pyridyl azo)] - 2 - naphthol (PAN) وقد استخدما في فصل واستخلاص والتقدير الطيفي لعناصر النحاس(II)، النيكل(II)والبلاديوم(II) على هيئة ايونات موج | Synthesized two organic reagent was 2 - [(3 - Acyl methyl phenyl)azo] - 4,5 diphenyl imidazole (3 - AMePADPI) and 1 - [(2 - pyridyl azo)] - 2 - naphthol (PAN), which is used for separation , extraction and spectrophotometric determination Copper(II) ,Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) as Cations according to solvent extraction method ,dependence on measurement absorbance of ion pair complex extracted at ?max as well Calculation distribution ratio (D). This Study include limitation of optimum conditions for Complex formation and extraction such as pHex. and the experimental shows optimum pH for extraction Copper(II) with (3 - AMePADP) (pHex=8) and (pHex=9) with (PAN) but for Nickel was(pHex=11) with both organic reagent as well (pHex=9) for palladium (II) with both organic reagents. The study about metal ions concentration effect on extraction methods demonstrate 40µg Cu2+ suitable concentration giving higher absorbance for ion pair complex extracted to organic phase and higher distribution ratio (D) with both organic reagent , also for Nickel(II) was 80µg Ni2+ with (3 - AMePADP) and 50µg Ni2+ with (PAN) , but for palladium(II) was 20µg Pd2+ with(3 - AMePADPI) and 15µg Pd2+ with (PAN). Kinetic energy has important role in extraction. method according to Solvent extraction , and this study show effect shaking time of two immiscible phase on qualification `of extracted and illustrate 15 min was suitable shaking time for Copper(II) and Nickel(II) with both organic reagent and 5 min for palladium(II) with both organic reagent to obtaining higher absorbance of ion pair complex extracted to organic phase and distribution ratio (D). Organic solvent effect study appear there is not any linear relation between dielectric constant (?) of organic solvents and distribution ratio (D) that’s is mean there is not any effect for polity of organic solvent on extraction method but there is an effect for organic solvent structure which is participate in the structure of ion pair complex extracted by formation ,Tight ion pair or loose ion pair as well experiment result illustrate dichloro methane organic solvent (DCM) was the best organic solvent in extraction Copper(II) ,Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) by organic reagent (3 - AMePADPI) and PAN. Study about determination more probable structure of ion pair complex extracted (stoichiometry ) by performance four spectrophotometric method for extraction Cu2+ , Ni2+ and Pd2+ by (3 - AMePADPI) and PAN under optimum conditions and all experiment show the structure of ion pair complex extracted was (1 : 1) (metal : ligad) [Cu(3 - AMePADPI)]2+SO42 - . , [Cu(PAN)]+HSO4 - .[Ni(PAN)]+Cl - . [Ni(3 - AMePADPI)]2+2Cl - . [Pd(3 - AMePADPI)]2+2Cl - . , [Pd(PAN)]+Cl - . Declination of distribution ratio (D) frequently by reason of the organic reagent not gratify the coordination shell of metal ion and in this case water molecule participate to saturate the coordination shell and increase partition the complex to aqueous phase and increase dissociation of complex and decrease distribution ratio(D) as well probable to formation ion pair complex in structure of [M(L)]n+(OH) where M=Cu2+ , Ni2+ and Pd2+ and L = (3 - AMePADPI) or PAN this complex favorite partition to aqueous phase and decrease distribution ratio. Thermodynamic study include Temperature effect on extraction efficiency the experimental results demonstrate the reaction was exothermic for Copper(II) with both organic reagent (3 - AMePADPI) and PAN but the Complextion reaction of Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) with organic reagent (3 - AMePADPI) and PAN endothermic reaction , after calculation thermodynamic data ?Hex , ?Gex , ?Sex show entropy values was high that is mean complexation reaction is entropic in region. The study about Interferences effect on extraction method of Cu2+ , Ni2+ and Pd2+ by (3 - AMePADPI) and PAN to clarify metal cations of first group in periodic table Li+ , Na+ and K+ giving enhancement in distribution ratio in arranging Li+ >Na+>K+ by reason of high affinity of these ions to water and the thickness hydration shell increase with diameter decrease , this properties these ions being to contribute to destroy hydration shell of Cu2+ , Ni2+ and Pd2+ and increase chances of association with organic reagent and increase distribution ratio (D) , but metal cations of second group in periodic table Mg2+ , Ca2+ has more charge density than metal cation of first group and has less thickness in hydration shell and the effective behavior on extraction method was less , but anions able to participate in electrostatic combination with cation complex and giving different effects by differ in molar volume , stereo structure and charge density. The study about synergism by used tributyl phosphate (TBP) and Methyl iso butyl Ketone (MBK) in the extraction the experimental results shows TBP and MIBK giving enhancement in distribution ratio (D) by participate molecular of these solvents in the structure of ion pair complex extracted install f water molecular in coordination shell of metal cation as well as the results show there is one molecular of TBP or MIBK participate in ion pair complex extraction [Cu(MIBK)(PAN)]+HSO - 4 , [Cu(MIBK)(3 - AMePADPI)]2+SO42 - [Cu(TBP)(PAN)]+HSO - 4 , [Cu(TBP)(3 - AMePADPI)]2+SO42 - [ Ni (MIBK)(PAN) ]+Cl - , [ Ni (TBP)(3 - AMePADPI)]2+ 2Cl - [ Ni (MIBK)(PAN) ]+Cl - , [ Ni (TBP)(3 - AMePADPI)]2+ 2Cl - [Pd(MIBK)(PAN)]+Cl - , [ Pd(MIBK)(3 - AMePADPI)]2+2Cl - [Pd(TBP)(PAN)]+Cl - , [ Pd(TBP)(3 - AMePADPI)]2+2Cl - The study about of effect of ethanol in aqueous solution on extraction method of metal in aqueous solution on extraction method of metal cation Cu2+ , Ni2+ and Pd2+ by (3AMePADPI) and PAN the results show foundation of ethanol in aqueous solution with metal cations giving increase in distribution ratio and this increasing continue until reached optimum concentration of ethanol after this value distribution ratio (D) decrease. This study include used organic reagent (3AMePADPI) and PAN for spectrophotometric determination of Copper(II) ,Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) in different environmental and vital samples.

تحضير وتشخيص مركبات خماسية وسباعية غير متجانسة الحلقة لمشتقات الامينو بنزوثيازول == Synthesis And Identification of Five And Seven Membered Ring Heterocyclic Compounds of Amino Benzothiazole Derivatives

اسم المؤلف: علي فتاح ناصر الحسيني
اسم المشرف: فائز عبد الحسين عبد الرماحي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمن الجزء الاول من البحث تحضير اربعة كواشف عضوية جديدة هي مشتقات ازو لمركب الباراكريزول وقد تم تشخيص الكواشف المحضرة من خلال اطياف الاشعة فوق البنفسجية - المرئية (UV - Vis) فضلا عن قياس اطياف الاشعة تحت الحمراء IR)) وتم اجراء قياسات نسب العناصر الدقيق ( | The first part of this study included perpetrating four new organic reagents which are derivatives of P - cresol. Its identification was done by UV - Vis spectrophotometer, IR and C. H. N. Depending on the results, we found the correspondence between the theoretical calculation and the experimental ones with a way to suggest the final structures of the prepared reagents. The purity of these reagents was tested through thin layer chromatography.The prepared reagents are : 1. 2[(4 - Methyl phenyl )azo] - 4 - Methyl phenol (MePAMP)2. 2[(4 - Chloro phenyl )azo] - 4 - Methyl phenol (CPAMP)3. 2[(4 - Methoxy phenyl )azo] - 4 - Methyl phenol (OMePAMP)4. 2[(4 - Nitro phenyl )azo] - 4 - Methyl phenol (NPAMP)The second part deals with the study of chromatographic behavior of organic prepared reagents dissolved in ethanol according to gas chromatography on stationary liquid phases as capillary columns with different polarities as zebron (FFAT) which is characterized with high polarity, silica fused (BP10) with a medium polarity and poly phenyl siloxine (OV - 5) that appears with low polarity.Gas chromatography was equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID) and the nitrogen as carrier gas with flow rate 30cm3min - 1 at different column temperatures ranged 100C increments depending on columns maximum operation temperature, column inlet temperature and detector temperature were higher than the separation column (25,50) 0C respectively.This investigation attempts to find the optimum conditions for the sequential separation were defined for the azo compounds of all capillary columns such as injection, applied pressure inlet of column, gas flow rate as well as the conditions of the efficient separation.The order of elution and resolution of compounds on various stationary liquid phases were normal chromatographic behavior which is decrease in specific retention volumes with increase of column temperature through the relationship between logarithm of specific retention volume for the studied compounds against reciprocal of absolute column temperature which is observed generally linear relation for all compounds on different liquid phases by using (Clausius - Clapeyron) , then calculate the thermodynamic parameters ?H0 , ?S0 and ?G from the slope and intercept respectively the negative values of partial molar enthalpy ?H0 of solutions indicate to highest interaction between liquid phases and separated compounds. The results show that the zebron (FFAT) consider the high negative value of ?H and the reaction was exothermic, on other hand the highest negative value of ?s means less random of solutes on some liquid phase , so it was more selective towards to prepared azo derivatives of p - cresol. Also calculated separation factor (RS),number of theoretical plate (N), equivalent highest of one theoretical plate (HETP) respectively for mixture of studied compounds on various liquid phases.The precision and accuracy of the prepared organic reagent (MePAMP) from 0.06% to 1.44% for (CPAMP) from 0.91% to 1.5%, (OMePAMP) from 0.03% to 1.42% and finally for (NPAMP) from 0.06% to 1.6%

تاثير العكبر العراقي على مجاميع النتروجين الفعالة (RNS) لدى الجرذان المصابة باعتلال الكلى السكري == The Effect of Iraqi Propolis On Nitrogen Reactive Species In Diabetic Nephropathy Rats

اسم المؤلف: امنة ناظم زغير العمري
اسم المشرف: فردوس عباس جابر
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت هذه الدراسة تحضير مشتقات حلقية غير متجانسة مثل الامينوبنزوثايازول(aminobenzothiazole) والبايرازول (pyrazole)، والاكسازيبيــــن (oxazipine) , والايميدازوليدين (Imidazolidine) ابتداء من (4 - amino acetophenone) (A0) و(benzidine) (B0) والمركب(2 - ami | This study includes synthsis of new heterocyclic derivatives such as (Thiazole), (Pyrazole), (Oxazipine), and (Imidazolidine), starting from (4 - amino acetophenone) (A0), (benzidine)(B0) and (2 - amino benzothiazole (C).This work is divided into three parts : Part one : Includes synthesis 2 - aminobenzothiazole derivatives (A) and (B) from (4 - amino benzothiazole) (A0) and (benzidine) (B0) respectively ,as starting materials. These steps are explained in diagram (1).diagram (1)Part two : includes two stepsThis part includes two steps : - The first step includes the formation of Schiff bases derivatives for 2 - amino benzothiazole derivatives (A) and (C).While the second step includes synthesis seven 1,3 Oxazpine rings derivatives by reaction with (phathalic anhydride).In addition to, synthesis (Imidazolidine) derivative (A11) from the reaction with ? - Alanine. These steps are explained in diagrams (2) and (3).diagram (2) diagram (3)Part three : includes two steps The first step includes preparation Azo derivative (A12) by reaction of (acetyl acetone) with the compound (A) (6 - acetyl - 2 - amino benzothiazole) , then (A12) was entered the reaction of cycliczation with hydrazine hydrate or their derivatives to formate various five pyrazole rings derivatives. These steps are explained in diagram (4).diagram (4)The Sequence of reactions steps are followed up by (TLC) technique, and by using solvents (methanol or acetic acid and benzene ( 1 : 4 )). All compounds are identified by (FT - IR) ,and some compounds by 1H - NMR and (C.H.N.S).

تحضير، وتشخيص ليكاندات ازو جديدة ومعقداتها ودراسة تطبيقاتها == Synthesis, Characterization of New Azo Ligands And Their Complexes With Application Study

اسم المؤلف: زينب عبد الهادي حسن علي
اسم المشرف: عباس علي صالح الحمداني
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء الحياتية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة في البيت الحيواني التابع لكلية الطب البيطري/جامعة القادسية على ستين جرذا من الذكور ذات وزن يتراوح بين (156 - 160) غم قسمت على اربع مجموعات : المجموعة الاولى (السيطرة), المجموعة الثانية (المصابة بداء السكري) بعد 24 يوما من بداية التجربة, | This study was conducted in the house of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Animal/University of Al - Qadisiya on 60 a rat of males of the weight of the ranges between (156 - 160) gm. divided into four groups : the first group (control), second group (diabetes) after 24 days from the beginning of the experiment, the third groups (Pre - treatment) by local EEP for 24 days and then was to stimulate diabetes where once, the fourth group (Post - treatment) by local EEP is that to stimulate diabetes after 24 days from the beginning of the experiment. doses extracted from local EEP be 300 mg/kg of body weight.At the end of the experiment was sacrificed animal blood serum samples collected from rats under anesthesia to measure changes biochemical , as well as the extraction of kidney samples for examination PCR - SSCP for candidate genes in diabetic nephropathy and examination microscopically for kidney samples in the four groups. The results obtained PCR - SSCP technology a surge in certain sites in genes (GLUT1 and nephrin promoter) in diabetes infected groups (G2, G3, G4) compared to control group (G1) where he found and local EEP not corrected of mutations found in both two gene signature, which indicates an extracted from local EEP is not an effective impact in reducing genotoxicity for STZ but an effective impact on the reactive nitrogen species where found a decreases in peroxynitrite concentration in treatment groups through disclosure of 3 - nitrotyrosine by ELISA technology. As well as the decline in the level of nitric oxide radical in the serum (P<0.05).As reveal the incidence of kidney failure by measuring the level of each of creatinin and uric acid in serum. It was noted at the end of the search low moral in body weight, and an increase in the level of moral glucose in blood and increasing the level of uric acid and creatinin, in the serum (P<0.05), for the group infected with diabetes. While groups that treated by local EEP processing had a clear impact in reducing the level of glucose, Nitrotyrosin, nitric oxide, Uric acid and Creatinine. conclusion can be local EEP has characteristics of local anti - oxidization also through its impact in reducing sugar level in blood and its impact on the moderate on kidney functions through the reduction of creatinine and uric acid concentration in blood through improving of histological changes in kidney rats that suffer from diabetes resulting from STZ as well as to the impact of immunological.

دراسة تخليق ومقارنة نظرية لتفاعلات الاسترة لمشتقات البنزين ثنائي هيدروكسيل ونواتج البلمرة == The Study of Synthesis And Theoretical Comparison Esterification Reactions of Benzene Diol Derivatives And Polymerization Products

اسم المؤلف: هيفاء عدنان عبد الامير
اسم المشرف: سعدون عبد الله عودة | عباس عبد علي الصالحي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء العضوية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية العلوم - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت الرسالة تحضير ليكاندات ازو جديدة] 2 - هيدروكسي - 3 - ((5 - ميركبتو - 4,3,1 - ثايادايازول - 2 - يل) دايازينيل) - 1 - نفثالديهايد[ (HL1) المشتق من 5 - امينو - 1،3،4 - ثايادايازول - 2 - ثايول مع 2 - هيدروكسي - 1 - نفثالديهايد. و3] - ((1،5 - ثنائي مثي | In this work new azo ligands [2 - Hydroxy - 3 - ((5 - mercapto - 1,3,4 - thiadiazol - 2 - yl)diazenyl) - 1 - naphth aldehyde] (HL1) derived from 5 - amino - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole - 2 - thiol and [2 - hydroxy - 1 - naphthaldehyde. And 3 - ((1,5 - Dimethyl - 3 - oxo - 2 - phenyl - 2,3 - dihydro - 1H - pyrazol - 4 - yl) diazen yl) - 2 - hydroxy - 1 - naphthaldehyde] (HL2) derived from 4 - amino - 1,5 - dimethyl - 2 - phenyl - 1H - pyrazol - 3(2H) - one and 2 - hydroxy - 1 - naphthal dehyde have been prepared. And it’s metal complexes of with VO2+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+ have been prepared with ligands. The ligands were characterized by physic - chemical spectroscopic techniques [(C.H.N.S.), FT - IR, UV - Vis, 1H and 13C - NMR, Mass and TGA DTA curve]. And characterized complexes by Elements micro analysis (C.H.N.S.), FT - IR, UV - Vis, Mass and TGA DTA curve, Flame atomic absorption, Magnetic susceptibility, Chloride containing and Molar electric conductivity.The spectral data suggested that the ligand (HL1) as a neutral bidentate is coordinated with metal ions through the nitrogen atom of azo group and oxygen atom of phenolic group for all complexes, the proposed geometry that the Mn2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ complexes have tetrahedral geometries, and the Cr3+ complex have octahedral geometries and the VO2+ complex have square pyramidal geometries, and Cu2+ complex have square planer geometries, molar ratio ligand : metal (1 : 1).The (HL2) as a neutral tridentate ligand is coordinated with metal ions through the nitrogen atom of azo group, oxygen atoms of phenolic group and carbonyl group of and for all complexes only with VO2+ complex is bidentate, the proposed geometry that the Mn2+, Co2+, Cu2+ Ni2+ and Cr3+ complexes have octahedral geometries, and the VO2+ complex have square pyramidal geometries, molar ratio ligand : metal (2 : 1). The effect of the time on the stability for the solution of complexes has been studied and the steady of the stability for all the metal complexes through the time has been noticed.Hyper Chem - 8 program has been used to predict the structural geometries of the compounds in the gas phase. The total energy, dipole moment, electrostatic energy, heat of formation, and binding energy at 298?K, was used to evaluate the vibrational spectra of the free ligands and compare the theoretically calculated wave numbers with the experimental values. From previously information we can suggest the stable geometries for all compounds and measured their bond length between their atoms in molecules.

دراسة فيزيائية لتشخيص سطح البوكسايت والبوكسايت المعدل لامتزاز مادة التتراسيكلين عليهما عند درجات حرارة مختلفة == Physical Study of Bauxite And Modified Bauxite Surfaces Identification For Tetracycline Adsorption On Them At Different Temperatures

اسم المؤلف: اسراء محمد راضي
اسم المشرف: تقي الدين عبد الهادي حمدان
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمن البحث تحضير وتشخيص استرات وبوليمرات مختلفة جديدة عن طريق تحضير مركبات الكيلية اوروماتية حاملة لمجاميع الهيدروكسيل عن طريق مفاعلة الكليسيرول مع (الريسورسينول , الكاتيكول , الهايدروكوينون ) بشكل منفصل.تم اجراء دراسة نظرية لنواتج الالكلة وبعض نواتج ال | This research includes the synthesis and Identification of new esters and polymers via new alkyl Aromatic containing hydroxyl groups. These compounds was prepared by reacting of glycerol with (resorcinol, catechol, hydroquinone) separately.A theoretical study For the products of alkylation and Polymers was conducted and compared with results.This Work includes the following : - first step : - Alkylation of cyclic compounds (resorcinol, catechol, hydroquinone) with glycerol to produce.2 - (2,4 - dihydroxyphenyl)propane - 1,2,3triol (H1) 2 - (2,5 - dihydroxyphenyl)propane - 1,2,3triol (H2) 2 - (3,4 - dihydroxyphenyl)propane - 1,2,3triol (H3)The resulting compounds were Identified by different techniques (FT - infrared spectra IR, NMR spectrum magnetic (1H - NMR, 13C - NMR) and Elemental analysis (CHN).Some physical properties of these compounds were studied.Step Two : - This step in clndes the preparation of ester compounds (Es1 - Es6) via reacting (H1, H2, H3) with Dicarboxylic Acid (malonic, Succinic) The resulting compounds were identified by different techniques physical properties of these compounds were studied Step Three : - Compounds (H1,H2,H3)were polymerized to produce new polymers (p1 - p9) via reacting with anhydride (maleic , phallic and succinic) by melting reaction (200 - 250) C.These Polymers were studied and Identified by different chniqnes including (FT - infrared spectrum, DSC, DLS, and studying solubility in different organic solvents, and measuring the percentage of swelling.Step Four : - The theoretical simulation of alkylation reaction of compounds (resorcinol, hydroquinone and catechol) with glycerol in existence of silicate aluminum were condncted. The transitional situation of these reactants and estimated energy values that leads to the suggestion interactive pathways, where studied. The prepared compounds (H1, H2, H3) were found haning a low value of total energy ( - 390.240 , - 390.232, - 390.251kCal \ mol), respectively, The study also these compounds possass less ? gab values (1.515,1.23, 0.68ev) respectively which was calculated density function calculations of DFT (minimal - STO - 3G).The comparison between the theoretical and obtained values of these compounds were conducted.The theoretical simulation of polymerization reaction (H1, H2, H3) to produce the polymers (p1,p4,p7)were done.The third is the most possible be cause it has the lowest values of total energy( - 126.625, - 126.491 , - 125.814 kCal\mol), respectively, and also has the lowest ?gab values (8.31,7.03.7.088ev).Polymers (p1,p4,p7) are theoretical produced by ring closure reaction and reaction and the possible energy values of these reactants are ( - 222.444, - 222.443, - 190288.29 kCal \ mol) calculated by semi - empirical calculations PM3.in conclusion, these polymers are formed through condensation reaction but not cyclic closure reaction.

تحضير وتشخيص بعض المشتقات الجديدة للمركب بارا - برومو انيلين ودراسة فعاليتها البايولوجية كمضادات (HIV) == Preparation And Identification of Some New Derivatives of P - Bromoaniline And Study In Vitro Anti - Hiv Assay

اسم المؤلف: رعد سعد جهاد
اسم المشرف: نجم عبود لعيبي المسعودي | نبيل عبد عبد الرضا
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: بهدف التوصل الى ايجاد سطوح انتقائية طبيعية وذات فعالية عالية في امتزاز بعض المواد الدوائية , اجريت دراسة متكاملة لانظمة الامتزاز للمادة الدوائية التتراسيكلين ( Tetracycline ( في درجات حرارية مختلفة على سطح البوكسايت والبوكسايت المعدل )البوليمر(.حيث تم ف | In order to reach to find a natural selective surfaces and highly effective in the adsorption of some pharmaceuticals, it has been a comprehensive study of the adsorption systems for the pharmaceutical substance Tetracycline in different conditions of temperature, on the surface of bauxite and modified bauxite. In this study the bauxite has been activated and used to prepare two complexes : bauxite - urea and bauxite - melamine, these complexes were merged and polymerized with to prepare the complex bauxite polymer - urea - melamine - formaldehyde (modified bauxite).The complexes bauxite - urea and bauxite - Melamine were characterized by X - ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy (FT - IR), while the surface of bauxite and modified bauxite are characterized before and after the adsorption by X - ray diffraction techniques (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FT - IR), atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), where measurements showed that the presence of two types of minerals included in the structure of bauxite which they are Gibsite and Buhimite in addition to small amounts of other minerals.(UV - visb.) Technique was used to investigate the adsorption quantitatively on the surfaces of bauxite and modified bauxite at the following temperatures (293,298,303,308,313,318 K).Search has been expanded to include also the study of adsorption kinetics of the drug substance (tetracycline) on surfaces mentioned above. It has been found that the surfaces of bauxite and modified bauxite used in the study have a ranking below in its ability to adsorption of drug substance : Bauxite> PolymerResults of the study also showed the applicability of Frendilh equation model for adsorption of drug substance on the surface of the above - mentioned bauxite and applicability to Langmiur equation for the adsorption of drug substance on the surface of modified bauxite. The isotherms of adsorption takes shape (S2max) at low temperatures and then start to turn into shape (L2max) at high temperatures in the adsorption of tetracycline on the surface of bauxite, while taking shape (Lmax)at low temperatures and then start to turn into shape (Smax) at high temperatures when the adsorption of drug substance took place on the surface of the modified bauxite.Thermodynamic quantities Have been calculated, it’s found that the adsorption of drug substance on the surface of bauxite and modified bauxite is endothermic when the adsorption constant calculated at greatest concentration while the adsorption of drug substance on the surface of bauxite was endothermic and exothermic on the surface of modified bauxite if the adsorption constant calculated at infinite dilution.The kinetic study of the adsorption of the drug substance on the above surfaces according to the developed Lagergreen equation then the rate constant of the process has been calculated at temperatures (293,298,303,308,313,318 K), through these values the activation energy value and the value of Arhiniuos coefficient have been calculated adsorption process, it was found that the value of activation energy and the value of the Arhiniuos coefficient follow the order below : Polymer> BauxiteAlso the surface area of the surfaces of bauxite and modified bauxite follow the order : Bauxite> Polymer
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