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تطور التعليم في لواء كربلاء 1958 - 1968م Development Of Education In Karbala Province (1958 - 1968)

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: Chapters of this thesis about development of education in Karbala province during the period ( 1958 - 1968) showed positive results arerepresented by the following : - 1 - The educational cooperation in Karbala province have been affected by the changed witnessed by the economic, political and social cooperation, the economic and social progress and bloom in the first class in Karbala province had reflected back on changing a ot of its deteriorated reality that it witnessed during the royal regime that cause to delate it too inuch from any other provinces of Iraq, after ( 14 of July revolution in 1958), there were many attempts to change the reality of Iraq totally and Karbala province specially, these atte1npts intended to implement many economic projects to ensure the economic bloom in these economic projects, and it is a matter couldn't be imple1nented by the council or reconstruction in the royal regime of Karbala province at that time, then a series of economic plans were implemented accurately in Karbala province that time, represented by the three economic plans (temporary, detail, fifty years plan), the high incon1es due to the uprising bloon1 of Karbala province , that urges the parents to send their sons to schools to increase the numbers of pupils attend primary schools to join other precedents registered pupils in primary schools.2 - Also the economic bloom Karbala province had witnessed and less immigrants to another provinces , good health reality due to good social facilities submitted by government with the municipality manage1nent in Karbala province had pm1icipated in improving the educational reality of Karbala province, most prominent services submitted by the government is projects of building residence units for the low income employees notably the teachers who suffered from living in unhealthy houses, to build new residence units called (teachers' neighborhood) in order to let the teacher to be available to teaching process only, without any obstacles that may affect on his efforts in teaching, also the government had commenced in submitting all services and rising the social value of teacher to urge other people to be involved in this cooperation of education, also government granted lands to the poor people in Karbala province which resulted in increasing the population in the new places consequently ensuring schools as a major projects and important facilities that complete the success of inhabitance projects in the Karbala province.3 - Building hospitals and health center a m2~jor factor in the Karbala province have participated in developing the education sector, these health cooperation succeeded in overcome and end the common and infectious diseases that devastated huge ratios of population in Karbala province, during the mass visitors who overwhelmed Karbala province annually, while there were no any health center in the royal regime that can make a direct medical inspections tours belong to the educational cooperation for schools to do the vaccinations that is durable to end or diminish the sates of infectious diseases, Karbala province witnessed a prominent improvement of the health situation after the revolution, at that time the government commenced to build the pupil's health centerin the beginning of the republican regime that time in Karbala province, which ended many infectious disease that devastated many people in the province.4 - The local management in Karbala province worked on applying principle of social justice in primary school, through implementing the program of' school wearing' by distributing clothes to poor and needy pupils, and program of school feeding through distributing free meals in schools notably in the rural schools, in order to enhancing the intellectual activity of the pupil and urging pupils to go schools after ensuring the simplest needs of life for the pupil like food and dressing. 5 - The government has enacted many rules and legislations by the ministry of education and teaching, most prominent rule was the order of ministry of education and teaching no. or (39) for the year 1958, which decided to make the teaching is free and compulsory in all places of Iraq without any exclusion, that motivate the fathers of sons to send them to schools after vanish of the most obstacle which is free teaching.6 - Also the occupational education had witnessed a huge concern from the government after the revolution specially in Karbala province, that was by opening two schools for the occupational teaching are Agricultural school for boys and home arts school for girls in Karbala province after being having only one industrial school for boys. 7 - The public and foreign education in all grades had witnessed big development beside the development in the formal education in the province, cooperation had witnessed a remarkable increasing in numbers of teaching staff or pupils and students within the period of the research, that was as a result to the encouragement of the local goverrnnent in supp01iing these cooperation by financial and moral supporting, due to the big role of these cooperation in enhancing the educational and cultural side of the province.8 - Although the big positive results in the education sector during that period but there were couple of negative impedances that has a hard impact on the flow of education current, political conflicts and the split of the community between supporting and opposite citizens led to political intervening in the educational cooperation and result in lowering the education level in Karbala province.9 - In spite of big reforms done by the ministry of higher education as big efTorts of enlarging buildings of the primary schools and ensuring the teaching stafT for these schools in Karbala province, but the enlargement in occupational building had not witnessed the required concern, exist of one school for industry in Najaf district with two schools for agricultural education and home arts school for girls, there was no any opening for a trade teaching school along that period. 10 - The less number qf'girl schools compared with boys school either primary or secondary school , in spite of the concern of the local government with the female sector, that is a result <~l the tribal attitude of the society which refuse the education qf' girls in schools like boys and consequently the le.ss qf educated girls compared with numbers o.f cultured boJ : s.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: كربلاء
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة كربلاء - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: علي حمزة سلمان الحسناوي
اسم المؤلف: لمى حسين علي الركابي

تجارة القطن في الولايات المتحدة الامريكية بين عامي 1783 - 1865 Cotton Trade In The United State Between 1783 - 1865

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: Had a history of the United States of America in the nineteenth century, important developments was the most prominent of the civil war between (1860 - 1865) between the southern states and the US federal government, and it was the most important reasons for having chronic disagreement between the parties on the issue of slavery, which resulted in the aggravation of this issue during the the nineteenth century to the occurrence of many developments that have made the two parties enter into frequent disputes between the two and the other.Cotton was the most prominent factors that caused the civil war, while it was slavery in America in the way of grants to recede and disappear in the final of the eighteenth century decade, emerged cotton crop tops the list of cash crops that the demand is very Kpalra in the late eighteenth century and throughout the nineteenth century. , so gave cotton Aabboudah in the United States a strong motivation for the continuation of more than half a century, particularly since cotton was Leno in the south of large farms, which require a great effort to be planted and cared for. Against the industrial and commercial progress of the North because of the lack of orientation to agriculture causes climatic and topographic , efforts were concentrated towards industrialization, especially textile manufacturing, while the south has focused its attention towards agriculture with the rise of cotton has become more adherent than ever with his economic power, and of the slave
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: ياسين طه ياسين الهارون
اسم المؤلف: محمد سلمان منور

بنو مردنيش ودورهم السياسي والعسكري في الاندلس (528 - 636 هـ/1134 - 1238 م) Bani Mardeneesh Their Political And Military Role In Andalusia ( 528 - 636 A. H./ 1134 - 1238 )

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: The study singled out the political and military role of Bani Mardneeshin Andalusia528 - 636 A.H./1134 - 1238 where this period represents an important aspect of Andalusian history from the late era of Murabiteen and the era of Muwahideen. The research begins from the year 528 A. H./1134, based on the existence of a military role for the grandfather of the family whose name is Mardneesh in that time.Then, the end of the research set in year636 A. H. / 1238, based on the history of the fall of the city of Valencia under the control of the Christians and which were subjected toBaniMardneesh, where ended up by their departure from Andalusia and their evacuation to Africa.The information of this research required to be divide into an introduction, preface, three chapters, a conclusion, and supplements.The preface includes the indication of the general situation in Andalusia until the late era of Murabiteen, and which led to the outbreak of revolutions in various regions of Andalusia, which were subjected to Muwahideenlater, except the areas that were under the subjection of BaniMardneesh. The first chapter dealt with the descent of BaniMardneeshand their social status, and contains two sections : Section I studied the descent of Banimardneeshand if they were from Arab tribes, or the origins of Christianity, also addressed the origin ofBeniMardneeshappellation and the reason for it. The seconddealt with their social status.Chapter two discusses the political role of BaniMardneeshin Andalusia,and divided into three sections : The first dealt with the political relations of BaniMardneesh with Murabiteen, starting from their first appearance on the political scene, and till the fall of the state ofAl - Murabiteen. The second section has included political relations ofBeniMardneeshwithMuwahideenboth during the period of independence ofBeniMardaneeshin their princedombuilt in the east of Andalus, or when they were subjected to the authority ofAl Muwahideenand work with them later. The third section dealt with the political relations ofBeniMardneeshwith the small Christian states.Chapter III focused on the military role ofBeniMardneeshin Andalusia, and divided into three sections : The first studiedthemilitary relations ofBeniMardaneeshwithMurabiteen. The second dealt with the military relations ofBeniMardneeshwithMuwahideen. The third section, dealt with the military relations ofBeniMardaneeshwith the small Christian states, and what was between them such as military confrontations, or alliances and reconciliation.The Conclusion has reviewed the most prominent findings of this study on the history of this family, and its political, military and social roles and status. And the supplements included two pictures forthe gravestone of the daughter of Saad bin Mohammed Mardneesh., and the second picture is for AlmardnishiDinar and the inscriptions on both of its faces
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: حسين جبار مجيتل العلياوي
اسم المؤلف: جابر خليفة جابر

الحركة الطلابية في ايران 1941 - 1979م The Student Movement In Iran1941 - 1979 A.C

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: The research is aimed at clarifying the role of university students in the elimination of the dictatorship in Iran, which represents the governing Pahlavi through layers of Iranian society assign the other, at all levels and levels. The inventory subject of the study 1941 - 1979 years, because it is an integrated point in time began the installation of the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to the throne in Iran in 1941, where she was the students' movement at the beginning of its growth, has evolved and escalated during the mentioned period, and turned into an independent militant movement contributed significantly to the fall of Shah's regime in 1979. As we can see that the historical study of the students' movement in Iran that would enrich the researcher with information to assess the political situation experienced by Iran in its contemporary history, and the role played by the student elites in raising awareness among the masses, and take advantage of that experience to address and enlighten public opinion in the restoration of rights and freedoms.And it necessitated the nature of the study divided into an introduction and preface, three chapters and a conclusion, with some supplements on the subject.The beginning of the research discusses the roots and the features of the students' movement formation, and the beginning of its growth during the reign of Reza Bahloa1926 - 1941, after the founding of the University of Tehran in 1934, as he returned back and studied the roots of the first and beginnings of the students' movement in Iran since the beginning of the nineteenth century coincided with the rule of the Qajar state, focusing on the cultural influence and political and education outside the country on the first groups of university students who went to study in Europe, especially in the mid - nineteenth century and who after their return floated modern beliefs in the field of education in Iran, by assigning them in higher education and educational institutions in universities and schools, and also worked on the deployment of reforms the political and social through the Constitutional Revolution of opened new doors to education within the country. It also showed how to Reza Shah Pahlavi, on the basis of modernization of education tried to eliminate religious and national elements and democracy, these things have been turned against the system so that some of those who have received their education abroad turned to parties such as the Tudeh Party and the National Front leaders. And discussed in the first chapter the role of the students' movement in Iran's internal politics 1941 - 1953, in developments in the political events since the entry of the Allied Powers to Iran during World War II, and topple the government of Reza Shah and left over from the results reflected in the deterioration of the situation on all levels, and the concomitant openness in the political atmosphere which was created by existing conditions, and what gave rise to the formation and the emergence of many political parties, and that students form a broad - based, including the Tudeh Party, who managed a short period of control, the atmosphere at the university at the time by being able to establish the first students' organization at Tehran University, as well as Iran rival party to the Tudeh Party in terms of student - Qaida capacity, also appeared for the first time in Iran, many organizations and student associations, including the Islamic Association Students at Tehran University, has become of those organizations a significant role, especially after the end of World War II in the leadership of the demonstrations and protests to advocate political issues that are in favor of the Iranian people, including the issue of the nationalization of the Iranian oil and supporting Mossadegh's government, especially after the establishment of the National Front and the formation of Tehran University student organization of the National Front for the students, as well as in the rest of the Iranian universities. While the second chapter discusses the students' movement and the worsening of the internal conflict in Aaran1953 - 1962, and significant changes that have occurred in the political, economic, social and cultural fields and even on Foreign Relations, after the fall of Mossadegh's government, and the responses of the students' action as a result of these conditions, where university students came out demonstrations in favor of the certified and the decision of nationalization and condemning the government of the coup, and the chapter also discusses the events of the sixth of December 1953, which was for the students of Tehran University a significant role in it, to immortalize Kyuma for the struggle of the Iranian students celebrated annually, and was a motive for comprehensive national renaissance where students objected on that day for the military interference in the affairs of the university and expressed their discontent about the shah's policies, to continue after the crackdown on the students to the end of 1956, and the establishment of the intelligence organ of the Shah's regime under SAVAK name, and devoted a large part of the work of this device to control university students, and work on the non - recurrence of the events that took place during the reign of Certified Government through repression and arrest the students, the chapter also discussed the policy of reform of the Shah and the position of the students assigned to them, as well as the incident of the twentieth of January 1962, and the resulting from the violation of the sanctity of the university by the security forces for the second time.Whereas Chapter III, entitled, the student movement and style armed struggle 1963 - 1979, discussed the study of the most important organizations and students' parties, which have had a significant role at the time in the armed struggle, especially students' organizations that have emerged in this area, including the mujahideen of Iranian people and Fedayeen Organization of the Iranian people, and the chapter dicussed the important political events, including the decision of Khomeini's exiled and its consequences that stepped up events which led to a wave of demonstrations, the most prominent was the fifth day of July 1963, which was known among the researchers uprising (the fifteenth of Khordad), to go beyond the students' opposition in earnest to armed resistance and seeking only overthrowing the regime.Whereas the conclusion covered the main results reached by the researcher for the events covered by the study
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: ليلى ياسين حسين الامير
اسم المؤلف: ماجد مطر عباس

موقف بريطانيا من الصراع العربي - الاسرائيلي (1967 - 1970) The Attitude Of Britain Towards The Arab - Israeli Conflict (1967 - 1970)

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: The second chapter researches India’s embracement of Islam during the Islamic Rashydi caliphate. and The ummawy caliphs in the complement of conquest of India and the early Abassid campaigns as well.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: عماد مكلف عسل البدران
اسم المؤلف: سعد علي نعيم الاسدي

موقف الولايات المتحدة الامريكية من الحرب الاهلية النيجيرية 1967 - 1970 The Attitude Of The United States Of America Of The Nigerian Civil War ( 1967 - 1970 )

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: This study concluded that the weathy knowledge produced by the Arab Muslim historians and writers were full mature since those authors made personal visits in these remote areas and they improved their descriptive writings. In spite the fact that India witnessed constant political instability , but the unsetteled affairs could not have affected the cultural promotion and progress. Moreover Indian civic legacy played so great role in the Arab Islamic culture that it produced civilization mixture share by both of Arab and Indian nations later on.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: نوفل كاظم مهوس
اسم المؤلف: رغداء عباس كامل العتابي

واقعة فخ سنة 169هـ اسبابها ونتائجها

المصادر:
الملخص:
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية التربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2009
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: نعيم دنيان عبيد الغراوي
اسم المؤلف: محمد عبد الرضا شنيتر العذاري

دور يوسف باشا القرمانلي السياسي في طرابلس الغرب (1795 - 1832م) The Political Role Of Yusuf Pasha Alqurmanli In Tripoli (1795 - 1832 A.D)

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: تعد دراسة الشخصيات السياسية في البلدان العربية، من المواضيع المعقدة لما تحتويه من الغموض التاريخي لاسيما في التاريخ العربي الحديث لقلة المراجع التاريخية المعاصرة لتلك الشخصيات. ويعد يوسف باشا القرمانلي من طراز الشخصيات الكبرى في التاريخ الحديث، وابرز شخصي | The study of political figures in Arab countries is considered one of the complicated subjects for what it contains of historical mystery especially in the Modern Arabic History. This is due to the lack of contemporary historical references for these characters. Yusuf Pasha Al Karamanli is considered one model of the great figures in the modern history, the most notable of the Karamanli family and the longest rule among them (1795 - 1832). His rule witnessed important international events such as the Napoleonic Wars in Europe and the French Campaign in Egypt, and Yusuf Pasha did a distinguished role in this international conflict. His internal and external policies left huge effect on the conditions of Tripoli Eyalet.The nature of the study requires the distribution of the thesis into an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter “Tripoli under Yusuf Pasha Alqurmanli Management (1795 - 1832m)” includes four sections. I dealt, in the first section, with the conditions of Tripoli Eyalet and the most important stages of its modern history, whereas in the second chapter, I dealt with the way the Al Karamanli family succeeded the throne. As well I dealt with the familial disintegration which erupted among Ali Pasha’s sons, Ali Al Jazairi’s control, the help appeals by the Al Karamanli family members to the Bey of Tunis Hamouda Pasha. I also dealt with the role of Ali Al Karamanli for the liberation of Tripoli; while in the third section, I dealt with a historical glimpse about the life of Yusuf Al Karamanli. In the fourth section, I dealt with his internal policy especially.The second chapter is entitled “The Foreign Policy of Yusuf Pasha (1795 - 1832).” I dealt in the first section with Yusuf Pasha’s foreign policy towards Ottoman Empire and the Arab Eyalets (1795 - 1832). The second section deals with the relation of Yusuf Pasha with the foreign countries (France and Britain), and in the third section I dealt with the Italian Statelets.The third chapter is entitled “Yusuf Pasha Alqurmanli Relations Tripoli - US (1795 - 1832(” In the first section, I deal with the stages of the origination and development of the Tripoli - American relations (1795 - 1801). In the second sections, I deal with the conditions of the outbreak of the war between the two countries. The third section is dedicated to the holding of the Reconciliation Treaty in 1805 after which the relations stabilized even though it witnessed some misunderstanding amongst the two parties Until the end of the rule of Yusuf Pasha in 1832.Then comes the fourth chapter, which is entitled “The Frailty and Fall of Yusuf Pasha’s Rule,” in which I deal with the reasons of frailty storming Yusuf Pasha’s rule during its last days. I also tracked, in the second section, Abdul Jalil Saif Al Nasr’s revolution that erupted since 1831. The third section was dedicated for the reasons obliging Yusuf Pasha to declare his resign from ruling passing it to his son Ali Bek. I deal in the conclusions with the findings of my study
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الاداب
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2017
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: كفاح احمد محمد النجار
اسم المؤلف: ايمان محمد عبد علوان

كونراد اديناور ودوره في السياسة الخارجية لالمانيا الاتحادية (1949 - 1963) Konrad Adenauer And His Role In Foreign Policy Of Federal Germany 1949 - 1963

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: After the 2nd world war Germany had witnessed many great and important changes affected on its future for decades, especially its Spilt into two Germanys , Federal and Democratic, this Spilt occurred two contradictory countries, one followed the western countries and the other followed the Soviet Union. This came according to the results of the 2nd world war. So west Germany fell as a victim of division to United States, Great Britain and France which represented Federal Germany later, and Soviet Union occupied the eastern Part and founded Democratic Germany.These events led to weakness and division of Germany among the four countries, but the German political elites worked for reposition of Germany among countries, particularly in Federal Germany, where Adenauer rose as an important personality in Germany, according to his long experience since the German Empire and Republic of Weimar and then his opposition to Hitler's regime. Then he took an important role in formation the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) which contained the high political personalities who had a role in Republic of Weimar and were opponents to Hitler.The Dissertation consists of an introduction, four Chapters and a conclusions , the first chapter, entitled Konrad Adenauer and his first political activities until 1949, Which divided into four sections, The first tackled Konrad Adenauer : his life and beginnings till 1917. And the second section studied Konrad Adenauer as a mayor of cologne 1917 - 1933 which clarified his role in modernization of the city and his attitude from the general politics of Weimar Republic, the third section showed Adenauer during the period of the third Reich 1933 - 1945 which clarified his suffering of Hitler's regime, and the Fourth section talked the role of Adenauer after the 2nd world war and the foundation of the Christian Democratic Union until 1949, Which clarified his role as a mayor after the War and foundation of the (CDU).The Second Chapter studied the Role of Adenauer in foreign policy of federal Germany 1949 - 1953, Which divided into four sections, the first deals with the Elections Campaign and foundation of Federal Republic of Germany, and the second section included the basic principles of the German's foreign politics and the beginning of allying with occident, the third section followed the role of Adenauer in betterment the relationship between Federal Germany and France. The fourth section talked Adenauer and the cold war.The Third Chapter covered the role of Adenauer in foreign policy of federal Germany 1954 - 1957, which divided into four sections, the first talked Adenauer's role in joined federal Germany in NATO. The second section clarify the attitude of Adenauer from the meeting of the four powers in Geneva and the Unity of Germany. The third section covered the attitude of the three allies from foundation of the German army. The fourth section deals with the role of Adenauer in forming the European Economic Community (EEC).The fourth chapter Focused on the role of Adenauer in foreign policy of federal Germany 1958 - 1963 , Which divided into four sections , the first studied the policy of Adenauer towards France 1958 - 1963. The second section asserted on the policy of Adenauer towards Britain 1958 - 1963. The third one studied the Attitude of Adenauer from Berlin crisis 1958 - 1961. The fourth and last section concentrated on the ends of Adenauer until his death 1967.The thesis has reached several conclusions , the main were : - Adenauer was different in his directions after the 2nd world war than before, because he thought the new stage needs new political visions, especially after the failure of Weimar Republic in realizing democracy, therefore he didn't return to the central party, but he founded a new party believes in equality in religions, so that some of protestant politicians joined his party. - Adenauer could drawing foreign politics suitable to German reality, and he succeeded in applying what he called in electoral program. - The Advantage of Adenauer wasn't for Germany only but for Europe in general, because what he done to create the European Economic Community was a clear evidence to his keenness on European Nation, so that he participated in foundation a union gathering European countries in all fields. - Adenauer perpetrated many mistakes at the end of his rule resulted hatred of some politicians to him and decreasing in his popularity, particularly when he was nominated as a president and then dragging his nomination, he gave a less value to the post of president, and he excluded the political competitors. - we can certainly say that Adenauer in spite of his personal autocratic tendencies was genuinely committed to liberal democracy, and that for 95 per cent of the time he acted within the parameters of the ‘Chancellor democracy’ existed in the sense that the Federal Republic had a very powerful chief executive in the Adenauer years (1949 - 63), or, to be more precise, it had such a person until 1961. It did not exist in the sense of its having an autocratic Chancellor
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الاداب
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: اسامة عبد الرحمن نعمان الدوري
اسم المؤلف: محمد سمير خزعل

الاقباط ودورهم السياسي في مصر : مكرم عبيد انمـوذجا (1919 - 1952)

الملخص:
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الاداب
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: ابراهيم خلف عبد المجيد العبيدي
اسم المؤلف: هدى جابر سلمان الخفاجي

الطرق التجارية في العراق القديم ابان العهد الفرثي 247ق.م - 226م Trade Routes In The Ancient Iraq During The Parthian (247 Bc - 226 AD)

المصادر:
الملخص:
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الاداب
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ القديم
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: جواد مطر الحمد الموسوي
اسم المؤلف: اثار علي كليكل جالس

تطور النقود الاندلسية واثرها في الحياة الاقتصادية 92 - 897هـ/711 - 1492م Develoment Of Andalusian Crrencies And Their Impact On Economic Life (92 - 897 AH / 711 - 1492 AD)

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: After the study which was entitled " development of Andalusian Currencies and their impact on economic life 92 - 897/711 - 1492), there are some points to be mentioned : - Arabs in Andalusia during the Islamic conquer, kept the Byzantine currencies, which included Christian inscriptions, signs and symbols, in accordance with the policy of intolerance adopted by Arabs in dealing with nations they conquered. - During the Emirate era, Emir Abdurrahman Al - Dakhil kept only currencies used during his entering Andalusia in use. - During the Caliphate era, the first new golden currency emerged in Andalusia in the reign of Caliph Abdurrahman al - Nassir the Third in (316 H - 928 AD) once he announced himself a Caliph on Andalusia. From that time till the end of the Umayyad reign in Andalusia the names and titles of Umayyad Caliphs were put on the back of the currencies beside the name of the monetizing house and the year. After the Umayyad Caliphate in Andalusia became weak about (400 H - 1010 AD), Andalusian governors started monetizing their own currencies, many of which were of Umayyad design to an extent that some Emirs monetized currencies with names of ex - caliphs whose reigns were ended long before. - Kings of Taifas during their era put their names and titles on the currencies most of which were parts of dinar which were monetized with bad type of gold. This revealed the worse political and economic state then. - During the Almoravids era, Andalusia witnessed some progress in monetizing currencies. The Almoravids currency was important to an extent that it was not only used in Andalusia, but in all other states. It acquired the trust of merchants and currency dealers. - During the Almohads era, their currency was characterized by its angled or squared shape and of high value, particularly the Mu'mini dinar, after the name of the Almohads' caliph Abdul - Mu'min bin Ali. - During the era of Bani - Nasr (Sultans of Granada) the most important feature in their currency was the motto (No Conqueror but Allah - Granada). - Andalusian determined the exchange rate of currencies in markets. - The authority was interested in monitoring markets and putting an end to currency forgery and manipulating them by appointing a market administrator (Muhtassib) who was responsible for all affairs in the markets; trading, production, and monitoring goods prices in markets and determining them to suit poor sects
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الاداب
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: صباح خابط عزيز سعيد الحميداوي
اسم المؤلف: زينب يوسف غلام الاركوازي

اثر علماء المغرب في الحياة العلمية ببلاد الاندلس في عهدي المرابطين والموحدين 484 - 668 هـ / 1091 - 1268م

المصادر:
الملخص:
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الاداب
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: نوال ناظم محمود
اسم المؤلف: هند فاضل جمعة السامرائي

الامبراطور اوكتافيوس اغسطس ودوره في تاسيس الامبراطورية الرومانية 36 ق.م 41 م Emperor Octavius Augustus And His Role In The Founding Of The Romanian Empire 63 B.C - 14 A.D )

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: Emperor Octavius Augustus is considered one of the prominent characters who played an effective role in the history of the Roman Empire through his establishment to a new political system known in the roman history by Empire System. The nations of the empire witnessed a prosperity in all the aspects of life, as his policy was drawn on the basis of spreading peace in all of the empire so his reign was known as the Augustus peace reign.Throughout the study of the emperor Octavius biography a very important issue clarified to us which adoption which was very common at that age and due to it the emperor Augustus managed to inherent his mother's uncle and his adopted Julius Caesar as destiny wished to him to be the first emperor.His personality was described as intelligent and military and political ability whom he surrounded by patience which enabled him to reach out his goals although he ruled the Roman Empire with Antonius and Lepidus legally and publically based on the second triple government but he managed to remove them and rule individually.The emperor divided the rule of the empire between him and the sanato council so he called them the sanatory state and empire and made several reforms in Rome to strengthen the empire rule on all levels like the administrative, military, economic, social and construction so his era was considered one of the best peace and prosperity in which Rome became one of the greatest cities in the Roman Empire.As for his external policy which was described with good reasoning and managing the issues was from his expansion policy in submitting the nations whom he used towards the western states enabled him to establish security in it while the eastern states he forced his control on them and applied some new regulations in all life aspects. As for the external relations, he had peace relations with the Firthian states in the Arabic peninsula after the failure of the military campaign on Yemen which changed his mind from controlling to seeking peace.His reign lasted for 41 years in which he managed to expand the lands of the Roman Empire and managing them through depending on a group of professional people in the state who played their role indirectly and were faithful to the emperor like Agrebia and Mikanas and some of his consultant and military leaders.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الاداب
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ القديم
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: ميثم عبد الكاظم النوري
اسم المؤلف: ريم صالح عبد الزهرة

اثر حضارة بلاد الرافدين في شعوب سورية القديمة (2800 - 539 ق. م) : المعتقدات الدينية والادب انموذجا The Impact Of The Civilization Of Mesopotamia, On The Ancient Syrian Peoples (2800 - 539. B.C.) Religious Beliefs And Literature As An Example

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: The civilization of Mesopotamia is one of authentic civilizations that have influenced many nations and ancient peoples, and became the focus of interest since ancient times, benefiting from its creativity and circulating its news, especially in the religious and literary sides, and among those people affected by the civilization of Mesopotamia are the peoples of ancient Syria. Our study, therefore, is an attempt to penetrate in that influence, despite the fact that many of the researches and theses have addressed this subject, but they did not address the impact of the civilization of Mesopotamia in ancient Syrian peoples, with respect to religious and literary sides, it has not received enough study and analysis. Hence the importance of studying the topic has emerged because it highlights the important aspect of the originality of the civilization of Mesopotamia, and the extent to which the ancient Syrian peoples got affected by these two sides. Our study consists of three chapters preceded by a prologue that addresses the authenticity of the civilization of Mesopotamia and provides archaeological evidence of that authenticity. The first chapter, within three sections, discusses religion characteristics, literature, and the factors that contributed to their spread, while the second chapter which also included three sections, addresses Mesopotamian religious influences in the ancient Syrian religion, including the gods, rituals of the doctrine of the fertile, daily acts of worship, building of the temples, burial ritual, and the priests. The third chapter, in its three sections, deals with literary influences of Mesopotamian myths, epics, poetry, and the wisdom literature. The study concluded the most important findings of the researcher and the most important of which are the following : 1 - The civilization of Mesopotamia is characterized with the authenticity and originality the roots of which extend in the depth of human existence. That has been shown clearly through exhibiting a number of archaeological examples that showed that originality.2 - One of the most important factors that have helped to spread the Mesopotamian religious beliefs and moral codes is trade that contributed to the delivery of the civilization of Mesopotamia to neighboring and distant countries. In addition, the military expansion carried out by the kings of Mesopotamia had a significant impact in these two aspects of the spread of civilization. 3 - The religions of the peoples of ancient Syria are noted to have been affected by the characteristics of the religion of Mesopotamia, such as multiple gods and other aspects that those peoples borrowed various rituals and acts of worship the origins of most of them go back to Mesopotamia and they added to them some characteristics as they wish.4 - Most of the ugaritic and biblical myths are noted to have Mesopotamian roots, that the ugaritic and biblical writer quoted a lot of the texts of literature, especially those that are related to the myths, legends, and poetry, in addition to that the ugaritic got influenced by the Mesopotamian advice and guidance. The writers of the Old Testament were familiar with the Mesopotamian wisdom, especially the wisdom of Ahiqar, the Assyrian laureate sage, from which they quoted the educational wisdom texts. They introduced lot of the Mesopotamia texts in the texts of the biblical books after altering and employing them in accordance with their religious views
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الاداب
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ القديم
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: عامر حمزة حسين الغريب
اسم المؤلف: عبد اللطيف عائد عباس صويلح التميمي

المراسلات الادارية للامبراطورية الاشورية الحديثة (911 - 612 ق.م) تجاه حكام المقاطعات Modern Assyrian Empire'S Administrative Correspondences To The Governors Of Territories (911 - 612 B.C.)

المستخلص: Administrative correspondences are considered of vital significance for any country or empire which kings keep on governing and ruling, and its importance like arteries for human body. The inception of the documentation of such correspondences can be traced back to the invention and spread of the writing system. Correspondences take a special place in the Cuneiform and historical studies since they are regarded as the most important historical resources for identifying the politics and civilization of Assyrian Empire exposing the life nature and administrative organization of the empire at that time, and this is the reason behind choosing such a topic as the main focus of this study. The present study falls into four chapters with an introduction. Chapter one deals with the nature of Assyrian administrative correspondences in the First Thousand B.C., and sub - divided into three sections. Section one is an introductory overview of correspondences and territories from linguistic and technical perspectives. Section two studies the formats of administrative correspondences. Section three sheds light on the employees of administrative correspondences (messengers) and their role in the Assyrian political and military life. Chapter two highlights the main Assyrian territories in terms of their geographical distribution. It is sub - divided into four sections. Section one examines the central territories, and section two studies the northern, western and west northern territories. Section three covers the eastern and south eastern territories, whereas section four tackles the southern territories. Chapter three examines the contents and themes of administrative correspondences. It has three sections. Section one spots light on the interior security affairs and laws abiding, the diplomatic tactics, and the intelligence system. Section two deals with the military correspondences, recruiting system and military campaigns. Section three, on the other hand, is mainly concerned with Assyrian mailing and communication system. Chapter four covers the administrative correspondences for economic and constructional aspects. It is sub - divided into three sections. Section one deals with the economic correspondences. Section two is limited to the constructional and architectural correspondences. Section three deals with diversified Assyrian correspondences. Finally, the study is concluded with a number of findings : Assyrian administrative correspondences show the kings? interference in every aspect of territories, and most correspondences sent by the governors were answers to the kings? messages. Also, there is a large number of correspondences approximating to 2000 messages covering different aspects, and some of these correspondences in script forms are not safe as many of them smashed and broken.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الاداب
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ القديم
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: غسان عبد صالح
اسم المؤلف: فاتن حميد قاسم

ابن حبان البستي (ت354 هـ) منهجه وموارده في كتاب السيرة النبوية واخبار الخلفاء Ibn Hubban Al - Busti(Died In 354 A.H.) : His Methodology And Sources Of Writing In Al - Sira Al - Nabaiyya, And Akhbar Al - Kuhlafa'A

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: كان اختيارنا لموضوع ابن حبان منهجه وموارده في كتاب ( السيرة النبوية واخبار الخلفاء ) لما له من اهمية حيث يعد ابن حبان البستي من اعلام القرن الرابع الهجري واحد اوعية الزمان في العلم والثقافة الموسوعية في اوسع حدودها وازهى عصورها. حيث ياخذ ابن حبان البستي ا | The choice of the subject (Ibn Hubban methodology and sources of writing ((Al - Sira Al - Nabawiyya, and Akhbar Al - Kuhlafa'a)) is for the importance that Ibn Hubban Al - Basti. is considered one of the remarkable figures in the fourth A.H century and one of the vital vessels in religious science and encyclopedic culture of his time. Ibn Hubban Al - Basti has gotten this great importance in Islamic history because of his writings and works which were of great benefit to the past Arabic Islamic generations and are still useful for many people till now.The thesis is divided into three chapters, an introduction , and analysis of results that the researcher has reached with a list of the most important sources and references on which the researcher depends in writing the thesis , in addition to an appendix that enriches the study with some explanations The first chapter includes the history and life of Ibn Hubban Al - Busti (died in 354 A.H. /965 A.D. ) and it is subdivided into three sections.The first section deals with the history of Ibn Hubban Al - Busti , his name , surname , origin , ancestry, and his birth.We also mention something about Bust city in which he was born and grew up , the location of the city , historical importance , and its description by the historians. Then, we tackled Ibn Hubban's family, growing up, , seek for knowledge, and death. The second section includes the scientific status of Ibn Hubban and the opinion of (ulama) in his history. Ibn Hubban's journey to seek knowledge , the places he reached, people he got his knowledge from in each country are also mentioned. Finally , his works and publications are listed.The third section includes the problems that he faced , the troubles that he got through , and defense of the (ulama) for his personality. His teachers as well as his disciples are mentioned in this section. The second chapter includes the methodology of Ibn Hubban Al - Busti in his book ((Al - Sira Al - Nabawiyya and Akhbar Al - Kuhlafa'a)). This chapter is divided into two parts. The first part introduce the readers to the book , this in turn includes the title of the book, the status of his work among texts of Al - Sira Al - Nabawiyya, and the causes for writing this book. The second part contains the general organization and size, as well as explanation of the elements of the book.The third and last chapter reviews source material of ((Al - Sira Al - Nabawiyya ,and Akhbar Al - Kuhlafa'a)) and the most important narrators to whom Ibn Hubban listen to write his book. This chapter is divided into two sections. The first section includes the most significant sources of narration in Al Busti's book, Quran verses, the Hadith traditions , the poetry quotes including Prophet Mohammed's events , and the beginnings of the Islamic da'wah. The second part includes the narrators who pied coup Ibn Hubban historical stories in the book.The conclusion of the study includes our findings about Ibn Hubban Al - Busti and his biography , stories and methodology in the sira.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الاداب
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: مرتضى حسن النقيب
اسم المؤلف: نشات حميد جاسم عريمط المحمدي

المشاريع والنظم الاروائية في بلاد اشور ابان العصر الاشوري الحديث 911 - 612 ق.م The Projects And Systems 0F Irrigation In Assyria At The Neo - Assyrian Period (911 - 612 B.C)

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: Water is one of the most important necessities of life and settlements, and its supply on a permanent basis in Mesopotamia was of concern to people and rulers alike, wherein irrigation and control of water have been nerve of life, and the extent of its development shows the degree of development of the city in any spot.Assyria, despite its reliance in agriculture, almost absolutely, on the rain, but irrigation was necessary for the settlement that it has reached an advanced degree of development, taking advantage of accumulated experience of the residents of southern Mesopotamia.This thesis studies irrigation projects during the modern Assyrian era (911 - 612 B.C.), a topic that occupies a great importance in the Assyrian field studies, which although taken by a number of studies, yet these studies often suffer from generalization and superficiality in judgments, the lack of the physical evidence and the obsoleteness of the documentation. The goal is to show two things; first is the large number of Assyrian irrigation projects such as digging canals and wells, etc., and second is the development of irrigation systems and methods in Assyria in various aspects, the spread of settlements and land investment in agriculture, thus Assyria producing its food, not depending on the submissive regions.This thesis consists of three chapters. The first has been divided into four sections, which deal with Assyria in terms of geography, agricultural and water potentials, the appropriateness of Assyria for irrigation, and the degree of influence of Babylonia on Assyria in terms of establishing irrigation projects and mentioning some details about the Assyrian experience in establishing various methods of irrigation and presentingevidence about the irrigation business of kings and rulers of the provinces.Chapter II deals with the irrigation projects in the cities of Kalhu, Imgur - Enlil (Balawat), Dur - Sharrukin, the city of Ashur, and Arbailu and the latest developments in information about these projects in addition to mentioning some details of a project that has not been known before is Imgur - Enlil (Balawat) city irrigation project.Chapter III concerns Sennacherib project to irrigate the capital of Nineveh, several aspects of which are still in need of further clarification. This chapter has been divided into six sections. The first deals with the city of Nineveh and its location and need for water.The rest of the sections relate to the stages of the project starting from the first stage of Kisiri canal to Musri mount canals, Eighteen canals, and canals of the Northern System, which include canals Malthayaa (Malti), Faida, Tarbisu, Tel - Uskof, and Khinis system stage.This study, in addition to highlighting the Assyrian expertise in the field of irrigation, has come up with results such as adding new information in several aspects, the most notable of which is the presence of irrigation project to the city of Assyrian previously unknown by researchers namely Imgur - Enlil city as this project probably dates back to the era of its founder Ashur - Nasir - Pal II(883 - 859B.C). or the reign of his son, King Shalmaneser III (858 - 824 B.C.), and considering the project of Sennacherib composed of five stages not four as previously thought, with redefining the locations of many cities such as the location of Me, Kukut and Bitura cities, and the mountains such as Tas mountain in addition to mentioning information for the first time concerning the canal Faida, its depth and its extent and newly discovered sites.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الاداب
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ القديم
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: خالد سالم اسماعيل
اسم المؤلف: راكان فرج عازر ميخا الخياط

دور الاسرة البويونية في تاريخ مملكة بيت المقدس الصليبية (492 - 525هـ /1099 - 1131م) The Role Of The Bouillons In The History Of The Crusader Kingdom Of Jerusalem (492 - 525 A.H/1099 - 1131 A.D)

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: By the end of the fifth century of the Islamic calendar, the 11th century of the Georgian calendar, the Islamic world had witnessed a major turning point over the crusader invasion of the center of the Islamic world. The campaign succeeded in establishment of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem in 429 Higri/ 1099 AD; Godfrey of Bouillon had led the crusaders, and the Bouillons had the big contribution to the success of the first crusade since its launch (489 - 492 Higri/ 1096 - 1099 AD), until the crusaders took over Jerusalem in 492 Higri/1099 AD. The Bouillons endured the burden of defending crusade interests and fixing pillars of the crusade existences in Levant for two centuries.The dissertation has been divided into introduction, five chapters, conclusion, the references list and annexes.The first chapter addressed the situations of Europe and Islamic world in late of the fifth century of the Islamic calendar, the 11th century of the Georgian calendar. The second chapter addressed the role of the Bouillons in the First Crusade. As for third chapter, it addressed the relationship of Crusader Kingdom with Fatimid State, Seljuks, and The Byzantine Empire. And the fourth chapter addressed the political, administrative, religious and military systems. As for the fifth chapter, it addressed the social and economic life in the Crusader Kingdom.Godfrey's ruling lasted for one year only (492 - 493 Higri/ 1099 - 1100 AD), therefore, we cannot evaluate his era nor understand his strategy. However, Godfrey's effective role to the success of the first crusade, was the reason of selecting him as a king of Jerusalem, and crowning him after defeating the Fatimid in Ashkelon battle during the same year.Baldwin I of Jerusalem (493 - 511 Higri/ 110 - 1118 AD) is the first real founder of the Crusader Kingdom. the kingdom was greatly expanded in his era. He took over the cities of Arsuf and Caesarea in (494 Higri/ 1101 AD), Acre in (497 Higri/ 1104 AD), Tripoli (502 Higri/ 1109AD), Beirut (503 Higri/ 1110 AD), and Sidon in (504 Higri/ 1111 AD). His strategy was to link the crusade kingdoms with Western Europe through the Mediterranean Sea, the new king succeeded to reach that end with collaboration from fleets of the Italian cities.Reign of Baldwin II (511 - 525 Higri/ 1118 - 1131 AD) is regarded a continuation of the Baldwin I. The crusaders, during his term, could take over the city of Sour in (518Higri/ 1124AD). Political, administrative, social, religious, and economic laws and regulations began to shape very clearly.Thus, the Crusader Kingdom became a major power in the heart of the Islamic world, and a real risk to the Levant and Egyptian cities.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الاداب
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: ليث شاكر محمود
اسم المؤلف: امير محمد حيدر الطائي

الحركات الاسلامية في العراق خلال عهد عبد السلام عارف : دراسة تاريخية Islamic Movements In The Iraq During The Reign Of Previous President Abdulsalam Arif Historical Study

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: Islamic movement got very important political , social and religious position. This thesis focused on the role of Islamic movement which occupied high - ranking place in its history that practiced dangerous roles affected in the movements, making events and positions via its instructions and formal legal opinions issued in different times played decisive role in the events and occurrences. Accordingly the research was selected for many reasons : - 1. Ignoring those movements upon academic studies level which were specified for many topics, perhaps because of main reason of severe control imposed by previous governments upon those studies. 2. This thesis concentrate on explaining Iraqi real position of Islamic approximation experienced by the people due to enlightenment spiritual leadership of these movements confronted all sectarian aspects and focused on finding correct foundations built on equality , justice and confront the mistakes of previous governments by all possible means and approaches. Therefore it is an attempt to animate Islamic movements history that found correct solutions and treatments useful for our status que.3. Focusing the light upon the role of Islamic movements at reign of previous president Abdulsalam Arif will enable us to analyze the reasons which are behind religious , political , cultural and reforming achievements and influence of these movements in living of Iraqi people to reflect clear prospective and vision about the qualification of Islamic movements in employing its religious position to direct the 4. nation and activate the events. Accordingly we devote great attention upon the study of Islamic movements which comes under the title " Islamic movements in Iraq during the reign of previous president Abdulsalam Arif - Historical study ".The thesis included preface , four chapters with introduction and conclusion. Preface was under the title of " Islamic movements - Study of the concept and modern beginning" as historical view of intellectual , social and religious real situation which helped in developing political awareness at Islamic movements in Iraq.First chapter was dealing with (( organizational structure of reformatory Islamic movements during the reign of previous president Abdulsalam Arif )) which focus on beginning of these movements , their objectives , its organizational structures , principles and method that followed. The second chapter was under the title of " organizational structure of alteration Islamic movements during the reign of previous president Abdulsalam Arif ". This chapter was specified for studying the beginning of alteration Islamic movements , their objectives , its organizational structures , principles and method that applied. Third chapter was under the title of " the position of Islamic movements from the procedures taken by Abdulsalam Arif "focusing upon the situation experienced by Islamic movements during the reign of previous president Abdulsalam Arif since its participation in coup of 8th February till the accusation case of Abdulsalam Arif for following sectarian approach. Chapter four was under the title of " the position of Islamic movements from national & external cases" included some topics expressed position of Islamic movements from Kurdish case and external cases till the death of Abdulsalam Arif and prosperity of Islamic movements.The thesis depended upon different group of published and unpublished documents , academic thesis , dissertations Arabic books , Arabist, foreign , manuscripts and encyclopedia which covered the period of the subject. The ultimate goal of the researcher is that she has succeeded in her task in order to regard such humble efforts useful step focusing upon an important page of Iraqi modern history.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الاداب
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: وسن سعيد عبود الكرعاوي
اسم المؤلف: تقى مؤيد فاضل الشيخلي

اتحاد جامعة الدول الامريكية 1933 - 1948 : دراسة تاريخية Pan - American Union (3311 - 3391) : A Historical Study

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: The topic of Pan American Union (1311 - 1391) is considered as one of the most important topics in the American history in general and in the history of the United States in particular for its distinguished role in the American Unity. The American regional order appeared as an ambition and as a high example in 1181, but its transformation into an agency that represents all the republics of the western hemisphere began in 1113 when the first international conference was held for the United States in Washington, while the last stage of its development was in 1391 when the charter of the organization of the American States was signed in Bogot?. The thesis is divided into an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter dealt with the development of the idea and the function of Pan American Union until 1311. The second chapter was dedicated for the study of the United States' exploit of Pan American Union for the purpose of dominating the neighborhood. The third chapter traced the development of Pan American Union's attitudes towards the regional and the international developments during second World War (1313 - 1391). The fourth chapter focused on the development of the Union's attitudes and its regional and international attitude after second World War till1391. The study was based on various sources and arrived at some findings that can be briefed as follows : - The establishment of Pan American Union was entirely as a response to the need for facing the aggression threat from outside and search for an alternative for intervention from one side, i.e, United States of America. Although the American joint action in the western hemisphere began late in 13th century with the establishment of a commercial office for information broadcast concerning commercial exchange and customs legislation among Latin America countries conference as a result of holding the first conference in Washington (8,November 1113 - 3,April 1131) had helped the declaration of what is called the "Pan American Union "among the American States at he conclusion of the proceedings of the American conference held in Buenos Aires (18 July - 11 August 1311). - With the inauguration of Franklin Roosevelt as president of the United States of America in 1311 and announcing that he would follow a good neighbor policy and non - interference in other countries, affairs in the western hemisphere, the road was open for the transformation of a unilateral commitment of the United States of America intoa joint commitment of the United States as a whole, especially with the approach of second World War. - In July 1391, the council of ministers of foreign affairs of American States decided in a meeting in Havana considering an aggression directed from any non - American state against any American states as an aggression against all the American states. - The Pan American Union, for another time, in its conference held in Mexico in 1391 emphasized on the principle of collective security. - In 1391, the United States put their obligation of mutual assistance and consultation in case of aggression in a cultural framework under Rio treaty of mutual assistance. - The organization of American States was founded in 1391in the 3th conference in Bogot? and its exercise was affected by this framework in which it found the principles and the objectives of the organization American States
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الاداب
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: حسن علي سبتي الفتلاوي
اسم المؤلف: خالد عبد نمال حوران

دور رجالات الشيعة في ادارة الدولة العباسية حتى سنة 334 هـ / 945م The Role Of Shiite Men In Administrating The Abbasid State Until 334 H / 945 AD

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: Shiite men played a major role in building the Islamic state through their participation in political, economic and social aspects of life. One of the most important aspects of life that Shiites played in was the political aspect, where they held significant and sensitive administrative functions in the Abbasid state as they had an immense role through running the said functions. This is what our study titled " The Role of Shiites in Administrating the Abbasid State Until 334 H/945 AD", has researched for reflecting the impact and participation of these men in the state administration.The current study has addressed the nature of the relationship between Abbasid power and Shiism, and indicated the attitude of the Imams of Ahlulbait (PBUT) toward work with the oppressive power, and the legitimate permission that Imams of Ahlulbait granted to work with the said power. Also this study has focused on how Abbasid state dealt with Alawite movement as Alawites and Shiites through murder, imprisonment, displacement, destruction of livelihoods, confiscation of land and money and attempts to wipe out Imams of Ahlulbaits' traces. Moreover, this study also has mentioned administrative functions that Shiite men held in administrating functions that Shiite men held in administrating the Abbasid state, as they held functions of a ministry, writing, discipline, and leadership of countries as well as stated administrative effectiveness that those men had and works that they accomplished.Besides, this study brought to light the ideological impact in the administrative performance of Shiite men through their endeavors to transfer power from Abbasids to Alawites, how the said men worked to protect Imams of Ahlulbaits and Alawites from murder at the hands of Abbasside powers, and how they worked hard to provide services for Imams of Ahlulbaits, their Shiites, and the public through provision of money, lifting the injustice, helping scholars and activating economic resources and its positive impact on people. Also, this study discussed how some Shiite men dragged to the governing power through snitching others in order to gain power and get closer to rulers, and how some supported terror that exercised by rulers and imitated them in extravagance and waste.Finally, this study tackled the fact that Abbasid rulers did not hesitate to employ Shiite men in the administrative functions for their efficiency. Also rulers could not dispense with them for their experience and capability to run the state affairs and turned a blind eye to being Shiite for their dire need to them especially at crisis times, but when situations settle down, they decide to get rid of such men through murder, imprisonment or isolation
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: شكري ناصر عبد الحسن المياحي
اسم المؤلف: فلاح عبد عبادي الكعبي

المسالة البلغارية في الدولة العثمانية 1878 - 1914 Bulgarian Issue In The Ottoman Empire 1878 - 1914

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: The issue of the fate of the Ottoman State and its properties, which is known in the political history as the Eastern Issue, occupies an outstanding place in the European diplomacy during the Eighteenth and the Nineteenth centuries. In short, the Eastern Issue includes all the problems associated with the domestic fall of the Ottoman State, the revolutions of the peoples ruled by the Ottomans, and finally the tangled and conflicting interests of the European Countries in the Ottoman Empire. These countries also interfere in the process of the Ottoman fall. This study aims at analyzing the events that took place in Balkan Peninsula, following the results of the Russian - Ottoman War during the years 1877 - 1878. That war gave rise to the birth of the Bulgaria Principality; and then the resolutions of Berlin Conference, held in the last year, enhanced the existence of this Principality which gained its full independence from the Ottoman State in 1908. Having known the international circumstances involving this issue is not easy, especially that concerning Bulgaria, for most of the historical sources which dealt with the issues of the Balkan Peninsula or the Eastern Issue introduced a general view about what had happened to all the Balkan Countries. These sources do not profoundly study the issue of Bulgaria; and this why the researcher has done her best to come out with a comprehensive study for this issue depending upon genuine recent sources including correspondences, presenting attitudes and suggestions.Scope of the study and analysis of sources This study is divided into an introduction, five chapters, a conclusion, a set of selected appendixes, and a list of sources and references. Chapter One : It is a summarized introductory chapter intended to be as an introduction defining Bulgaria in particular to enable the reader to have a general idea about the historical and social components that help understanding the national awareness and the religious influences on it, and then the development of the political events.This chapter also studies the historical extension of the relations of the Ottoman State with Bulgaria right from the beginning in 1393 till 1878, when the Bulgarian Principality was used after the Russian - Ottoman War (1877 - 1878). Chapter Two : This chapter handles the development of the events in the Balkan Peninsula in the years preceded Berlin Conference 1878 - 1878. Though the period was more than four years, it was full of new events. During that period, several revolutions broke out in the Balkan Countries such as Bosnia and Herzegovina Revolution 1875 - 1878, the Bulgarian Independence Revolution 1876 - 1878, the Serbia and Montenegro Revolution 1876 - 1878. In addition, the independence of Greece and Romania took place in 1877 - 1878. Therefore, this historical change is worthy of studying as it has got an effect on the following Bulgarian events. Chapter Three : It deals with the Eastern Issue and Berlin Conference in 1878; it also includes the five topics handling the Major Eastern Issue, the outbreak of the Russian - Ottoman War in 1877, holding of San Stefano and Berlin Treaties, and the important results brought forth. As the five topics form the starting point for the Bulgarian issue and its causes, this chapter is made up of more researching pages than the other chapters that the researcher is unable to avoid them. Chapter Four : It studies the attitude of the Ottoman State towards the developments of the Bulgarian issue from 1879 to 1908. When the Ottoman coup d'état occurred, a period of Russian endeavor, especially in the years 1879 - 1880 to complete the mission of building the Bulgarian Principality such the issuing of the institution and the election of the prince. However, the events in Bulgaria had an effect on the problem of the increase of the general Ottoman debt to the European Banks, especially in the years 1881 - 1884. The problem of this irremediable debt was one of the reasons that exhausted the overburdening of the Ottoman State; and what made things even worse was that during the following years 1885 - 1888 the Serbian - Bulgarian War broke out. The result of that war led to join Eastern Romello to Bulgaria. The progress of the circumstances in the Balkan countries had an effect on the Bulgarian issue, the most important of which were the Greek - Ottoman War 1896 - 1897, and the role of the European countries which were not neutral in their attitudes. The European countries had their own avarice as well as their religious bias accompanying the events supported by the popular support. Chapter Five : This chapter is the conclusion in which the researcher states the interior political changes in the Ottoman Empire and in the Balkan Peninsula during the years 1908 - 1914. During that period, there were important Ottoman and European attitudes towards the issue of the Bulgarian independence in 1908. It was an important year which witnessed great changes in the Ottoman State along the subsequent years, as mentioned above. Also, there were important events during the subsequent years such as the Bulgarian attitudes towards the Macedonian issue 1908 - 1912, and then Bulgaria signed a treaty with Serbia in the last year, as well as the former's attitude towards the war which broke out in the Balkan countries during 1912 - 1913. Finally, the researcher stated the treaty of Bucharest and the Ottoman fluctuating attitude towards Bulgaria 1913 - 1914. The Ottomans did not have any clear attitude for various reasons despite the general circumstances surrounding them.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: حميد احمد حمدان التميمي
اسم المؤلف: ساهرة حسين محمود الصامري

تطور منهج الكتابة التاريخية حتى القرن الثامن الهجري : كتب التاريخ العام انموذجا The Evolution Of Muslim'S Historical Curriculum Until The Eighth Century Of The Hegira / The Fourteenth CE (Books Of General History ) Sample

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: This study discusses the latest developments adopted by muslims in the field of general history. Starting with the development of the historical curriculum historic ok the beginnings of books forewords the evolution of the curriculum embedded in these books themselves. The group was selected from the history books that have reached us in full forms , Excluding those that lack substance. Because that the purpose of the study identify the origins of the evolution in the methodology of historical writing , So put a plan aimed at addressing this purpose, The study is divided to four classes. Chapter one follows the methodological development of the preludes of general historical books , And is divided to two sections. The second chapter begins the study of the contents of the general history books , The theme of this chapter the time distribution of historical material and divided in to two sections. The first section specialized is concerned studyn (size classification for historical eras). The second section comes on what type of historical material in various times. Chapter three deals with Methods of historians ; is the divided to three detectives. The first addresses the historical curricula in narratives , the second approaches to the attribution and sources , and the third focuses on critical curriculum. Chapter four considers the factors affecting trends in historical writing. through four detectives ; The first Searches the political factor , the second focuses on regional and national factor, the third discusses religious motivation, and the fourth on cognitive motive
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: جاسم ياسيـن محمد الدرويش
اسم المؤلف: نضال محمد قمبر

اللخميون ودورهم السياسي والاداري والفكري في الاندلس حتى نهاية عصر الموحدين (92 - 635هـ / 711 - 1237م)

المصادر:
الملخص:
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: علي صدام نصر الله الفريجي
اسم المؤلف: دنيا وليد زاجي

عبد القادر باش عيان الدور الاجتماعي والسياسي والثقافي في العراق 1894 - 1971 Abdul Qadir Bash Aian Social, Political And Cultural Role In Iraq (1894 - 1971)

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: The personal study, and CV of the difficult things, that have the researchers, because the researcher must take all aspects of this character, both private and public.It has been seen walking through the research, said Abdul Qader bash elders determined from an old family with a religious place And social, cultural, prestigious Alli Basra scale, and even categorize the scope of Iraq in general.Great role not his secret bash elders has been featured, among the well - known visual, and its impact in the community Basri, of the coming of this family, and stability in Basra as well as the emergence of the big guns Family, in many areas, including religious, social, political, and bringing these characters Elly positions of political and administrative largest in the state, and Vdilan literary side has reached Family through the emergence of figures including in this area, has emerged a lot of literature special , Especially in the historic area, particularly empty Basra ancient and modern, and this was the most prominent Almttootat (butter dates) of Sheikh Abdul Wahid bash elders, as well as (detailed history Basra Alazmi ancient and modern) of Sheikh Yassin bash elders, and Nri through it, and through the completion of Family and cultural presence library Abbasid big, old house in the family, and of the tobacco industry's own Great cultural legacy through Mathtwe of manuscripts and rare books lend categorize Basra and that cultural ascetic face and Shining. And here comes the personal Abdul Qadir bash elders, and to family affected by the document dramatically, which appeared Role through his family in a lot of fields and fundamental social, cultural, and categorize a personal which I added a lot of prestige and self - confidence. In light of the foregoing and in the display of search events that have passed by, we Pearls Mayati : - alldor Social, religious, cultural and political to the family of the bash elders, religious and cultural heritage of the family in Basra, and the emergence of personalities visual prominent family in the fields. Shall Find Personal Personal were not unusual, but the Senate was personal and not only that, But senior Senate (Bash elders), as well as the decline of a family Abbasseya, have been affected by all Internatioanl respects religious and political. - tmana Abdul Qadir bash elders features and different talents, collected between business and politics and literature And writing, which made him a dynamic personality in the work and responsibility. - tefi Categorize personality, the practical side and that receipt family business after the death of his father at the age of his youth, as well as the emergence of the literary side, the spectrum of his book, a diary in a small age. - anhaddarh In social work in Basra, both in the Pearls for joining the municipal council, Uwe Iraqi Council of Representatives or the Senate, and the emergence of the piece in his participation in the relief committees Exposure of Basra Pearls worst flood in 1946.kzlk a prominent role in the Tigers Association, and its role Prominent in the work of the Assembly and try to strengthen the work of the Assembly in favor of the optical community.The emergence of a characteristically political role at the age of forty, and through his election to the House of Representatives and then Appointed in the Iraqi Senate, Ani.vdila in 1958 for his participation, even in a little while Political parties (to insist - Union and Progress) and then the departure of then Pearls literary work.The emergence of his role in the May revolution in 1941, through the great role of the family of Al Bash elders and glory Especially in the embarrassing period in which they passed by Basra during the term of the security vacuum and the formation of the Commission on Security Procedure, and the transit of Basra those embarrassing period and the return of security and stability. Abdel Kader was bash elders, bold and frank in expressing their opinions and ideas often, Especially in the Senate, did not know the oil, it has Dahr during his speech in the House in 1947 Senate and his criticism of the government and put to a lot of questions Pearls Chief Minister and how to find solutions Her.His posts were outsourced through his membership in the Senate is the most prominent participation in participating in the Inter - Parliamentary Union conference in Cairo delegation, and to participate in its meetings, and thusAt the end of the conference the submission of the report on the Pearls of the Iraqi Senate conference.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: انور جاسب شنته الطريف
اسم المؤلف: عبد القادر عبد الرحيم عطــوي الحسانــي

فلسفة وظائف اعضاء جسم الانسان : دراسة في فكر ائمة اهل البيت (عليهم السلام) The Philosophy Of Human Body Organs Function Physiology A Study In The Thought Of Ahl - Ul - Bait ((Peace Be Upon Them))

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: This title studies one aspect of the scientific phenomena , that is , its philosophy and reason. philosophy dose not refer to the traditional definition (wisdom lover) , rather , it is brought here to identify the reason behind this phenomenon or in relation to our subject (The philosophy of Human Body Organs Function Physiology). In other word , the nature of this study is all about the reoson behind a specific organ creation in its shape and the consequences made by it in return and shedding light on the function each organ does specially with the fact that the job of these organs and their functions all work to gether regularly and completing each other.In result, this subject ,with its main concentration on the function of the organs , is not an easy matter, specially because it requires particular devices to examine the human body and until now it needs to the modern and developed tools ,to do that.The question here is how came to people to know this in a time when the minimum level of research tools were not available , what leads us to he fact that the knowledge of Ahl - ul - Bait Imams ( peace be up on them) is a self - origin knowledge , and this what makes this study different.Hence the importance of the study at hand because it aims to achieve inter alia : the first command : to prove and preaching to demonstrate the ability of God and his wisdom in his creatures. The second thing : scientific knowledge - based scientific benefit and the study of cosmic and moral facts, which are not related to a certain competence but Borbab all of science. The third thing : an ideological respect to proving the Imamate Ahlulbait them peace and possessing science that does not come only to those with knowledge of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him and his family and him from Bari Almighty. This fourth : highlight and resolve many of the problems caused by the ambiguity of some scientific phenomena and the different interpretations and the disruption that.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: حميد سراج جابر الاسدي
اسم المؤلف: حوراء محمد خلف

العلاقات الدومنيكانية - الاميركية 1968 - 1900 The Dominicans - American Relationships 1900 - 1968

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: Dominican Republic had a cardinal importance in the Caribbean area because of its strategic location. Since the nineteenth century, and after the (Monroe) declaration, the United States of America became a strong competent to the European powers in the Caribbean area in specific, and the western hemisphere in general.After the World War I, accompanied with the complicated international relations, the Dominican Republic was still the main focus of the USA, not because of the Dominican economics, but because of the USA anxiety that a certain European power might become itsneighbor, in more than two thousand kilometers away from USA. However, due to the dramatic changes, after World War II, and the apparition of new international powers like the Soviet Union, in addition to the communist ideology and its quest for spreading socialist principles all over the world, the competition turned into an international struggle between the two camps : the Eastern led by the USA, that competition had come be called (The Cold War).Henceforth, the Dominicans Republic a gained more American interest. The Americans feared that the Dominicans become a new (Cuba). For that fear, the USA invaded the Dominicans twice, the first was in 1916, while the second in 1965. The goals of the two invasions are not entirely different - the goal of the first invasion was to the Soviet power.The reason behind the researcher's choice of the American - Dominicans relation (1900 - 1968) is because of the assumption that the historical relationships have not been investigated in the Arab Homeland, in general, and Iraq in specific. The researches have beeninterested mostly countries like Cuba, Panama, Guatemala, and other Latin countries, as well.The dissertation consists of three chapters and a conclusion. Chapter one deals with a historical and geographical introduction to the Dominican Republic. There are hints to early relationships between the Dominicans and the United States. Moreover, the Chapter has demonstrated the serious developments encountered by the Dominican while founding the liberal independent and safe state. Chapter two has studied the beginning of the formal relationships between the two states since 1900, up to the deterioration of the relationships. Such deterioration led to the USA invasion to the Dominican Republic in 1916. It was flowed by the rise of (Trujillo)Republic and the relations with that dictator for three decades. Chapter Three has been devoted to the international developments after the Second World War, the Cold War and the influence of such developments on the relations between the two states. The relations witnessed a sort of retreat because of Trujillo's policies, interior and external, and the scheme for his assassinate Chapter also tackles the serious developments after Trujillo, which led to the second USA invasion in 1965, and the USA retreat from Dominican Republic. The study is rounded up with conclusion deduced from the research with has sources to various documents and foreign sources.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: طيبة خلف عبد الله
اسم المؤلف: لطفي جميل محمد

سياسة الولايات المتحدة الاميركية تجاه تشيكوسلوفاكيا 1941 - 1948

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: This Study dealt with the subject "The policy of the United States of America towards Czechoslovakia 1941 - 1948 ". Although Czechoslovakia had gotten the independence in 1918, but it was contained many nationalities. It had taken its lands from German to new state.It made German trying the revenge to itself indeed Czechoslovakia became the victim became the German occupied it 1939. Although the United States of America made the political isolation between the two world wars but the policy was changed for many reasons and was resulted through many situations imposed on political United State direction to take the positions of number of crises that the world is witnessed and determined the European continent , as it had taken the position of some of the issues by adopting global peace process. The subject of the policy of the United State of America towards Czechoslovakia considered as historical issue about people that they situated under the control of German. In addition , the geographical location to Czechoslovakia in center of Europe , it represented the point connection with western Europe , all of these points , it left affects on the political of the United States of America towards Czechoslovakia through American treatment with after the political Czechoslovakia with west and east in order to bridge between them. The Start of the subject 1941 because it involved the entranced United State of America to the word war and the year involved the started resistance in Czechoslovakia in order to American recognize about the government them in outside that it formed in London 1941 after the Soviet recognize and British 1941. The thesis stopped in 1948 because it was the year involved the control of the communisms on the order in Czechoslovakia , which on its impact Czechoslovakia joined the socialist bloc and become part of the communist camp. The formwork of the dissertation consisted of introduction , four chapters , conclusion and indexes. The chapter one concentrated on " The political of the United States of America towards Czechoslovakia 1918 - 1941 ". Chapter Two explained the situation of United States of America towards the republic of Czechoslovakia 1918 - 1920 , in addition to attentions between two countries and the political of United States of America towards Czechoslovakia during the development of the country during between two wars , that period was characterized by frequent civil war and international crises resulting from the expansionist ambitions espoused by the German leader Hitler about that continent , the Czechoslovakia crisis of the most prominent of these crises , also attitude on the United States of America position on the German occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1939 , and the outbreak of the second world war and its impact on United States of America policy toward Czechoslovakia. The chapter two involved " The entrance of United States of America the war and the effect of the political towards Czechoslovakia 1941 - 1944 " In 1941, the policy of United States of America entered to new level represented the effects ( Eduared Benes ) the president of the government Czechoslovakia in the exile for sake the recognition from United States in addition the highlight upon the America situation towards agreement Soviet - Czechoslovakia 1943 , It was addressed to Czechoslovakia proposal for the signing of an international treaty , including the nature of the international situation , and the statement of the position of the Slovak uprising in year 1944. Chapter three involved " The political American towards Czechoslovakia year 1945 ". This chapter explained the United States of America and the situation in Czechoslovakia , also The political American towards Czechoslovakia in light of trends Soviet , it was the highlight of the American interest in the process of transfer of the Sudeten German from Czechoslovakia. Chapter four was addressed the political of United States of America towards the inner developments in Czechoslovakia 1946 - 1948. This chapter studied important developments of inner political and foreign to Czechoslovakia and it concentrated upon the attitude of United States of America towards those the developments particularly after elections year 1946. In addition to studied the project Marshal 1947 and political crisis that happened in Czechoslovakia year 1947 and attitude of United States of America , and attempted to stand the communists and prevent them from control of the government , as well as attitude the United States of America on the communist coup in 1948. The conclusion explained the important results that it arrived the research about the political of United States of America revealed towards Czechoslovakia that it showed the strong political from United States of America before second world war which it affected on the all events in Europe , especially after the British inability from the deterrence of German expansion. The United States of America delayed the recognition of the Czechoslovakia government even entered world war II is undoubtedly a clear indication that he was not specific to the United State of America policy towards Czechoslovakia. But that became apparent after the second world war the United States of America began landmarks determine the orientation towards the strengthening and expansion of political , security and economic alliances that bind the United States of America with the other parties , in allowing it to maintain its influence on the superior, and the inclusion of any global role or European secluded about the American role in the future
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: عماد مكلف عسل البدران
اسم المؤلف: حنان عباس خير الله السعيدي

موقف الحوزة العلمية في النجف الاشرف من القضية الفلسطينية 1973 - 1948 The Attitued Of Hawza Ilmiyya In Najaf Regarding The Palstiniane Case 1948 - 1973

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: Hawza ‘Ilmiyya(1) in Iraq (Najaf) was never a mere scientific religious institution to teach and receive religious sciences. Instead, its affect indeed reached different fields and included expressing official stances of any incident inside and outside Iraq with concern with the religion and creed.In addition to the clear role of scholars' acts and preaches in touch with various events in the Islamic nation and Arabic countries. When the Jews started to flow to Palestine in the first decade of the twentieth century, the religiousclerics and scientific students of Hawza declared their firm stance in solidarity with the Islamic Nation to stand opponent to that dangerous scheme. This stance extended to the present time. Thus, the researcher focused her attention to examine this issue to discover the nature of this stance from the viewpoint of Hawza, its students, and Najaf which resembles an incubator for that stance, and in addition to the fact that this issue is not negotiated before. The researcher started her study from 1948 which is the year to announce the Israeli state as recognized by the United Nations, passing through all events and combats happened between Arabs and Israel. The study ends at 1973 which is the year that witnessed the fourth Arab - Israel war. The researcher has suffered from the scarcity of sources and documents and that was possibly due to the lack of documentation of events, as well as damage caused to some of what has passed through the country during the events of (Sa'aban popular uprising) in 1991. Perhaps it is due to the existence of neglect by the previous authorities in order to prevent highlight the face of the Arab national Najaf.1 it is a seminary where Shi'a Muslim clerics are trained.The current thesis consists of an introduction, four chapters, and a conclusion. The first chapter is dedicated to deal with the stance of Hawza ‘Ilmiyya regarding the Palestinian cause (1920 - 1947). This chapter includes four sections; the first of which is dedicated show the concept of Hawza ‘Ilmiyya and its major studying stages, as well as the importance of each stage of which. Also, this section shows the history of the emergence of the Hawza in Najaf and the history of the most prominent scientists in that period, inaddition to their political and religious attitudes towards the Palestinian cause.The second of which is dedicated to deal with the stance against the Zionist settlement and the other Palestinian revolutions (1920 - 1936). This section also examines the political stances of religious scholars against the Zionist settlement, starting from the major Palestinian revolution and the reasons of occurrence, as well as Al - Buraq Revolution. Finally, the fourth section deals with Hawza’s efforts against the Anglo - American Committee’s scheme (1945 - 1947).Despite the preoccupation of Iraq and Hawza'Ilmiyyahin Najaf with World War II and the negative impacts on the internal and external situation of Iraq, but it has not deterred from continuing the efforts of scientists in Najaf towards the Palestinian cause (1945 - 1947) as scientists declared their firm stancesregarding the Palestinian cause, especially after their opposition to the Zionist project.As for the Second chapter, it is entitled “The Stance of Hawza ‘Ilmiyya in Najaf regarding the Palestinian Cause, since the Partition Resolution till the triple aggression (1947 - 1956). This chapter consists of three sections. The first section points out how the partition resolution was referred to the UN Authority and what it implied and how it has been applied to the land of Palestine. In addition, this section scopes the lights on the rejecting political and religious attitudes, including those of Hawza, poets, students, as well asthe press and associations role, particularly in Najaf, expressed in forms of condemnation, protests, and demonstrations. This section also reveals the causes and consequences of the outbreak of Arab - Israeli war, as well as the most prominent political and religious stances during that 1948 war, the war that witnessed a unique support of religious scholars in Najaf. The third section reveals the stance of Hawza ‘Ilmiyya regarding the Palestinian cause between the first and the triple aggression against Egypt (1949 - 1956). Thissection also explains the reasons for the defeat of the Arab armies during the first Arab - Israeli war years (1948 - 1956) as well as showing the stances of all religious scholars in Najaf, where they organized the collection of voluntary financial contributions, particularly from Kufa and Najaf, as supervised by a number of religious officials in Najaf and working on send such contributions to their brothers in Palestine. Additionally, the religious scholars in Najaf also urged all people to take caution and work to provide support to the Palestinians and support their fellow fighters there. Scientists continued to support the Palestinian cause and urged peoples for the promoting of holy war to save the Arabic Palestine.The third chapter of the thesis deals with the stance of Hawza ‘Ilmiyya regarding the Palestinian cause between the two wars of 1956 and 1967. This chapter is made of three sections; the first section is dedicated to explain and detail the reasons of the triple aggression against Egypt and the different consequent political and religious situations, as Hawza in Najaf expressed its attitude clearly and strictly concerning the triple aggression, and also by sending letters and telegrams to kings and presidents in the world requesting to express a clear and firm stance toward Egypt and the work required to stop that aggression. The second section deals with the scientific community and its stance regarding the Palestinian cause (1958 - 1963). This section summarizes the history of the emergence of the scientific community and the most prominent founders. It also highlights the sharp and firm stances of the scientific community towards the Palestinian cause, as well as the work on the dissemination of data for the Palestinian people, demanding the UN to find solutions for Palestinian Arab people and their case with Israel. All such stances were being published in Adhwaa2 Magazine being the formal tongue of the community. Then, the third section reveals the role of media and pressin Najaf in supporting the Palestinian cause. That role cannot be ignored as it supported the Palestinian cause since ancient times until the present time. It was mainly a result influenced by the fatwas of religious scholars in Najaf on the one hand and their sense of responsibility towards the Arab issues, particularly the Palestinian cause, on the other hand. Among Najaf's newspapers and magazines supporting this issue were Al - Gheri Magazine (Najaf), Islamic Justice Journal (Najaf), and Eman3 Magazine as theyindicated the firm stances of Hawza 'Ilmiyya regarding the setback of June and till the War of October (1967 - 1973).The fourth chapter carries three sections. The first of which scopes the light on the setback of June and the stance of Hawza ‘Ilmiyya on regard (1967 - 1968. It highlights the said setback, its causes, and impact on Palestinian people, in addition to the stances of Najaf's Hawz 'Ilmiyya regarding the setback. That setback raised discontent of a number of scholars in Najaf, led by SayyidMuhsin Al - Hakim, who denounced that setback in 1967 through his sermons and fatwas thereon at the time.The second section is dedicatedextrapolate the opinions and Fatwas4concerning Feda'I5 acts (1967 - 1968) as 2 In Arabic means "Lights". 3 In Arabic means "Faith".4 Advisory opinion showing official and religious stances. all opinions were supportive to such acts. Scientists started to urge people collectively to participate in Feda'I acts that were seen sacred and honorable to of the case of Palestinian people as stated in a number of sermons and fatwas. Then comes the third section dedicated to view the opinions and attitudes of religious clerics regarding the events of burning Al - Aqsa Mosque on 1969. This section shows the value of Al - Aqsa Mosque and the reasons to burn it. That was a horrible crime protested by all clerics and scientists in terms of their sermons, fatwas, and demonstrations. The last fourth section deals with the escalation of the Arab - Israeli conflict and the stance of Hawza ‘Ilmiyya on regard (1970 - 1973). As attitudes of religious scholars continued to advocate for the Palestinian cause with all its potentials and capabilities, in addition to work to resist the Israeli aggression in the war in October 1973 and stating the reasons, results, and impacts of that war. As a conclusion, the researcher comes with a number of results afterpassing through the thesis. The researcher adopted during the preparation of thesis a number of documents saved and published by official institutions and foundations, particularly the Foundation of Sheikh Mohammed Hussein Kashif Al - Gita' as well as the Library of SayyidMuhsin Al - Hakim published on a CD. Among the most prominent documentary books adopted by the researcher is the documentary book published in 1973 by the Scientific Community, entitled (religious scholars call Muslims to jihad for the sake ofAllah) which really enriches the current thesis with valuable information in a scientific and discreet manner. In addition, a number of Arabic books are adopted within the course of the thesis. Among them is the book (Ideal values of Islam) for Sheikh Mohammed Hussein Kashif Al - Gita' who lived during the time of the early stages of the Palestinian cause and wrote many works 5 The acts in which a person sacrifices himself in order to cause casualties and damages to the enemy.within this field, as well as the book entitled (The Shiite Marjiyya and the Palestinian cause) by author Mohammed Abdul - Jaleel, Book (Islam and the Palestinian Cause) by Kadhem Al - Budairy. The current thesis also benefits of other sources likethe book entitled ( Iraqi Sorrows Encyclopedia) by Hussein Lateef Al - Zubaidy, in addition to (Iraq, the Communists, Baathists, and Liberal Officers) written by Hana Patato considered a valuable source to enrich the thesis from the political side. An important and significant role wasthe role of published and unpublished theses being significant sources for information on the Palestinian cause and the stances of Hawza. Among them is the MA thesis prepared by Dr. Muqdam Abdul - Hasan Al - Fayadh entitled (Political History of Najaf 1941 - 1958), and the MA thesis prepared by Mohammed Jawad Jasim Al - Jazairy entitled (Social History of Al - Najaf Holy city 1968 - 1979). Another component of sources to be referred to is magazines and journal. Press of Baghdad had a great benefit in providing facts and information for the period of this thesis discussion. Among them is (Flagof Independence), (Voice of Liberals), as well as some significant press publications in Najaf like (Al - Gheri), (Al - Bayan), (Islamic Justice), (Evidence), (Al - Najaf Magazine).These journals and magazine enrich the thesis with valuable information on various topics, especially or concern, the Palestinian cause.As a final statement of the researcher, it is worth mentioning that this work is modest and humble. Should it be successful, it is the divine support by Allah. Thanks and blessings be upon Allah.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: فرات عبد الحسن كاظم الحجاج
اسم المؤلف: ابتهال فرحان خلیفة سالم

عجمي السعدون ودوره في تاريخ العراق (1911 - 1918) Ajami Saadoun And Its Role In The History Of Iraq (1911 - 1918)

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: This Thesis examined the role of Ajami Saadoun between the years (1911 - 1918), one of the elders Sadoun known in the history of Iraq, which played an important role during the First World War in the lineup, along with the Ottomans against the British actress of Iraq. This Thesis included the introduction and pave three chapters and a conclusion ,eating boot About the situation in the emirate Muntafiq during the period(1892 - 1911), butfor the first quarter has Ajami Saadoun personal eating and social configuration, and the events of the grapes in his father's time, which was divided into three sections, dealing with first research personal Ajami Saadoun and up bringing, while touched second part to the events that the grapes Ajami in his father's time, and the third on Ajami conflict with the tribes during the period (1911 - 1914m), Chapter II has touched, to the conflict between Ajami Saadoun called Captain during the period (1912 - 1914m),has included three sections, the first section dealt with the causes of conflict between Ajami and student and threats Ajami of the city of Basra, eat second topic position of the Ottoman Empire from the conflict between the Ajami and students, and the third on the end of the conflict between the parties, and to ensure the third quarter position Ajami Saadoun of political events in Iraq during the period (1914 - 1918 ), a component of the three sections, the first section singled Ajami role in resisting the British occupation of Basra in the period (1914 - 1915m), while the second section has explained the British efforts to win over to its side Ajami Saadoun, with regard to the third research has focused on the continuation of Ajami to fight against the British between the years (1916 - 1918), also included the conclusion of the mission and the role of personal Ajami Saadoun in the last years of Ottoman rule, in addition to a range of important sources of search results
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: خلود عبد اللطيف عبد الوهاب
اسم المؤلف: نور حسن خلف العتابي

قطر في عهد الامير خليفة بن حمد ال ثاني (1972 - 1995) : دراسة في التطورات الداخلية Qatar During The Reign Of Prince Khalifa Bin Hamad Al Thani (1972 - 1995) Study In Internal Developments

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: This thesis deals with the era in Qatar Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, 1972 - 1995 m in the study of domestic politics. Taken a study of 1972 the beginning of a time frame during the reign of Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, who is his reign beginning of a new phase in the history of Qatar, where Qatar has witnessed during his remarkable development, considering that Qatar modern state independence and the fact that significant shift, which is in a lot of scales within the political system of this country. Formed this letter of introduction and four chapters and an epilogue, chapter dealt with the first internal developments in the State of Qatar (1949 - 1972m), has included this chapter two sections, section dealt the first economic changes, administrative, social and Interior during the period (1949 - 1971m), while the second section has dealt Qatar and the independence of the Corrective Movement (1970 - 1972m), the second chapter highlighted the constitutional developments in Qatar (1972 - 1995m), this chapter has included three sections, the first section dealt with the legislative branch, and the second section dealt with the executive branch, while the third section has He said the judiciary, while devoted Chapter III to study the economic developments in Qatar (1972 - 1995m) through two sections section dealt the first oil and gas and their impact internal diameter, while the second section has dealt with the growth of industry, commerce and agriculture, while the fourth chapter was devoted to follow up developments social development in Qatar (1972 - 1995 m), which included three sections the first section included cultural progress (Education), and the second topic dealt with social services, while the third section examined the impact of foreign workers on the Qatari society. Has adopted this message on many of the important sources of n and after the study to the State of Qatar during this period reached several conclusions, the most important of the discovery of oil and the yield of the material, which is the main factor in the renaissance of Qatar and the recovery of the Qatari economy and the development of vital facilities, making Qatar the center of competing international by States Other.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: حياة فرحان عبد كعيد
اسم المؤلف: حياة فرحان عبد كعيد

شخصية الرسول محمد (صلى الله عليه واله وسلم) في القران الكريم : دراسة تاريخية

المصادر:
الملخص:
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: هشام جخيور ميري الربيعي
اسم المؤلف: ثائر هادي رسن العقيلي

السياسة الخارجية لدويلات الطوائف 422 - 482هـ/1030 - 1090م Foreign Policy Of The Stsates Of The Denominations 422 - 482A/1030 - 1090D

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: The foreign policy of the states of denomintion is cosidered one of the important subjects during its time as well as our current time.The dissociation and division systemized by externalforcas ,that we suffer from , is similar to what Andalus had passed through befor ,such as the asylum or most of the rulers of the states of denominations to the christion kingdoms to hit som of them ,or the asylum to the states of Morrocco. That left an empact of dissociation and lose on Andalus causing the recession of Islam and its full exit out of Andalus.Despite the differing opinions of historians and scholars of the history of Morocco and Al - Andalus since the opening until the fall of Andalusia for the emergence of a number of mini - states in Andalusia, ranging from eight to twenty - four mini - state, but we are dealing with in the search for the most important mini - states that played a major role in the history of Andalusia direction drawing foreign policy , in addition, we will arrange our study in this chapter Baldoellat starting with the most important role in foreign policy.The sacend chaptar deals with the foreign policy of the states of denominations toward the Spanish kingdoms and the effects of this policy of both the Spanish parties and the states of denominations.Since the Islamicconquest, the island of Andalusia was a home of parties that are different in religion, culture and ethnicity, including Muslims conquerors of Andalusia from Arabs and Berbers, and those who joined the Islamic State of Alsqalbh and Mauldinon one hand, and the Christians in the kingdoms of the north on the other.This policy did not stop at the level of conflict between these two forces, but it extended to friendly relations that produced foreign policyaway from wars.The relations of states of denominations were not only invasions and wars, but also included marriage, treaties as well as alliances between the Christians and the denominations. In this chapter we will discuss foreign study states sects direction of the Islamic Maghreb, but we must know the political forces that seized control of the Islamic Maghreb region, which coincided with the states denominations and the most prominent of these powers was the state stationed, as it is the elimination of several small political entities, a Berber tribes rule for each specific area of the Islamic Maghreb but Qzawa stationed on these small entities forming their own state (state stationed).
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: عصام كاطع داود الشويلي
اسم المؤلف: هنية سلمان عبد الحميد

موقف الامام الخميني من العلاقات الايرانية - الاسرائيلية والقضية الفلسطينية 1962 - 1982

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: Imam Khomeini's political movement began in 1962 and with its launch. Which faced the shah Mohammad Re 20 Pahlavi and his interior arbitrary policy and its relations with Israel and clear in letters of Imam Khomeini which he critici2ed the shah and its relations with Israel and expose the schemes shah towards Islam and issues the task. Including the Palestinian and issues. Which was. Present at every opportunity. Even after victory of the Islamic farina revolution in 1979. Composed the letter of introduction and preface, three chapters and conclusion to ensure the boot historical overview of the positions of the positions of farina clerics toward the freely - Iranian relation and Palestinian cause from 1937 - to 1962. Studied in the First chapter of Imam Khomeini's position through his speeches for Israeli - farina relations and the Palestinian cause from 1973 I discussed in the second chapter Imam Khomeini's speeches between October war in 1973 and the camp - avid Accords in 1978. Khomeini has called for support of his speeches across the Arab states in its war against Israel and to refrain from holding any peace treaty with Israel.And we have dedicated to the separation of the third chapter to study the effect of the success of the Islamic revolution in Iran in 1979 on the Palestinian issue and relations with Israel and clear in this chapter Imam Khomeini's position on the signing of the comb - David Accords between Egypt and Israel in march 26 of the same ear and the proclamation of Jerusalem as the world day to support the Palestinian cause and made it clear the Khomeini's position of the Israel invasion of Lebanon in 1982 and directed by the Palestinian resistance from Lebanon.Conclusion included the overall finding of the researcher through the information's in my letter
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: عماد مكلف عسل البدران
اسم المؤلف: ضحى سليم حسين ياسين التميمي

فلسفة الاختيار عند الانبياء عليهم السلام Philosophy Of Choice Of Profits ( Peace Upon Them)

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: This subject is taking care in the study of Philosophy or causes "The Philosophy of choice at the prophets "peace upon them ". The study is not for all choices at the prophets but only interested in part of these choices specifically the special choices. the sudden choices that effects and echoes not just in the time when they are occurs and happen but , also, for the future times and places , the choices that have impact and results. Our attention is on the choices at the prophets outside the divine commands of Alah " the God". Thus this thesis came out containing an introduction and for chapters and four chapters and conclusion. The introduction includes the concept of choices and its relation to the selection of the prophets and their preservation. The four chapters are follows : In chapter one include the title of the Philosophy of the qualified personal and their address of time and place. In chapter two include the study of the Philosophy of immense strategic, dimension and persuasive reasoning in time and place of choices. In chapter three include the social Philosophy and moral deterrent. In chapter four include the statement of Philosophy of evidence and in choices ideological and social logic
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: حميد سراج جابر الاسدي
اسم المؤلف: ذكرى عواد ياسر

التــوبة في المجتمع العربي الاسلامي حتى نهاية العصر الاموي : دراسة تاريخية Repentance In The Arab - Muslim Community Until The End Of The Umayyad’S Era Historical Study

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: That was a humble research about Repentance in the Islamic Arab society up until the end of Umayyad’s era, and we tried much as possible to bring together the repentance meanings through the terms and language, in the holy Quran and Hadith.The study has been divided into chapters, which Repentance represents the main object because of being from values and attributes that legislated by the holy books, and from the attributes that God has gave himself such name; he is Al Tawaab the many of compassion as known by Arabs before Islam which they sought to have it. And when Islam came, it is encouraged by the prophet to convert from infidelity, God has opened its door to the repentant sinners as well and encouraged by the verses of the holy Quran. It is also reported as an expression of remorse and to return back to the straightway and have varied throughout the Islamic ages because of moral decay, staying away of religion during the Umayyad’s era, and due to a perversion of Umayyad’s authority away from Islam principles considering the Succession as worldly property; their politics allowed people to swerve from Islamic religion away of what have been followed of Mohammed and the Caliphs.The Repentance has been used as an expression of remorse and to return to embrace the authority after the actions of insurgency that raised against it and also adopted as religious cover for their vision and disadvantages. They also counted the repentant as a repentant from infidelity or in sometimes used to make them giving false statements with infidelity against themselves in front of the people to misguide public opinion.There have been many ways for the repentant to declare their repentance and we know throughout this study that there are all kinds of honoring for the repentant; encouraging them to return to the way they deviated from and with that honoring, the authority owned those repentant and they became of their elite, close and preferred companions.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: رحيم حلو محمد البهادلي
اسم المؤلف: اسماء كاظم عباس المحمود

النبي ادم : دراسة تاريخية في ضوء الايات القرانية The Prophet Adam, Peace Be Upon Him Historical Study In The Light Of The Quranic Verses

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: The study of the lives of the prophets daunting for the researcher because of foot eras, and the lack of information about their age, and what happened in the events as well as the lack of competent older studies archeology about the news received from the prophets, and the dependence on novels news, and to afflict some of the myths and Israeli, and what happened of forgery of some historical facts in the process of some prophets multiple motives, some of the reasons social, ethnic, political or religious, and others..Use the Quran different methods, to get to Maevkr by humans of faith and life issues, was among those methods is the narrative method, which Anmaz being integrated literary style because it is from God. It is the most beautiful of the contents topics Koran wonderful stories that talk about the progress of the prophets and apostles and told God that their stories are the best stories, they are stories right, and not just for fun and enjoy, but it is to achieve scientific and intellectual goals, and educational and advocacy. All this was an incentive to study their stories to make peace in the Holy Qur'an, the choice fell on the story of the Prophet Adam, peace be upon him, it is the story of humanity as a whole, and the study was titled (Prophet Adam, peace be upon him in the Koran). So it was this subject need a scientific study based on the Koran and the correct Sunnah which are consistent with the Qur'an and do not conflict with him, all of my predecessors in writing all aspects did not address as stated in verses stones, was agreed with Dr. supervisor on this topic, take title appropriate for him after extensive discussion, is worth mentioning that some stated in this study is not Koranic verses as they constitute the core of the research sample, relying to some proper conversations approval of the Quran and the mind to analyze and explain the verses.The research plan : Has adopted where the substantive division, Vksmt search into four chapters : First, the conditions of the family, and this chapter has the meaning and derivation of the name of peace, as well as his descendants and Wife, and the story of Cain and Abel friendly mentioned in the Koran, and the issue of nuclear proliferation.II : creation and succession, eat this chapter phases created peace be upon him and the purpose of it and some of the physical attributes, as well as Astkhalafah in the ground, and the nature of the succession, and the position of the angels, including.Third : honor, eating his prophecy peace be upon him, and his knowledge of names and their meanings and content, as well as the angels prostrating to him, and what this prostration and Hakikth.IV : troubled in Paradise, and eat it divine live in paradise and wisdom, and place, and wills and pledges divine Adam, roads followed by the devil to get him out of heaven, as well as a statement of sin and justified, and repentance and their causes and meaning of real.Difficulties : Which I encountered during writing, including : 1 - similarities and redundancy in the Quranic verses, for example, Sura 34 where almost from Surat norms : 11 - 12, and Al - Isra : 61, and the Cave : 50, and content prostrate to Adam, peace be upon him, as well as Al - Baqarah : 35 - like Surat norms : 19, and content of Adam lived in paradise, and other verses that Aasana to mention. 2 - Israeli abounded in the books of interpretation, and different views of the commentators both by his doctrine, and limiting the senior commentators in their interpretation on the meaning of the words, which made us late Nltgi to interpreters to understand the Quranic verses, and infinite views and statement probably. 3 - The lack of Quranic texts to some of the issues which can not be dispensed with in this study, as a matter of creating Eve, Atomic and reproduction, and the language of Adam, and some physical attributes. In spite of this, but we Alsaab and the grace of God first, and the efforts of Dr. supervisor Secondly I managed to overcome them, and if there is a failure in some detective they were not deliberate, this is all we ca
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ القديم
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: علي صالح رسن المحمداوي
اسم المؤلف: حسن ثاجب الركابي

قيام صلاة الجمعة في العراق في عهد المرجع الديني محمد محمد صادق الصدر 1997 - 1999م : دراسة تاريخية

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: This study attempts to shed light on Friday prayer in the era of the religious authority of Mohammed Mohammed Sadeq al - Sadr (1997 - 1999), searching the reasons of this prayer and how Mr. Muhammad al - Sadr addressed the Friday Fatwa and the events surrounding this prayer and actions taken by the authority to address this prayer, and their effects on Iraqi society.Iraq has summoned the conditions to lead the reform of religious scholars who broke the deadlock Alhuzoi stream and transgressed the limits of the pious exaggerated and enjoyed the ability to employ modern and contemporary ideas and devise solutions jurisprudence.Here, this reform embodies the emergence of the modern renaissance revolutionary line starting renaissance. First Martyr Mohammed Baqir al - Sadr, who founded to reject the injustice of power and urgency to reform society and Revolution for the creation of a generation that believes the message of heaven and justice of God and met this direction great strength dictatorship of the policy of Saddam Hussein's regime who took over the power 1979. This new challenge put the estate and scientists on the road to irreversible. The leadership of the nation overcomed the downturn hit and it goes away from the values of Islam and the submissiveness and undergo policy authority gagged the mouths and constrained freedoms and plunged believers in prison and began executions, especially after the execution of Mr. Mohammed Baqir al - Sadr in 1980. However the estate did not turn inward, but was an incubator for reformers despite the presence of another line only Anicol Bmhadna power but continue to pious approach because of the strength of power and tyranny, but the appearance of a person reference Mohammed Mohammed Sadeq al - Sadr may point to the beginning of a new phase. the tool and device of this new phase wastransformative prayer that Friday obligatory broken with the Shiites in Iraq, and the bilateral walked two parallel tracks and cleared the revival of this obligatory reference and leadership that brought enhance and strengthen the role of the estate in the community through the Friday platform.The actors in this project, was selected in 1997, the beginning of a research topic in order to establish the first prayer in this year, and was named the 1999 end of the research, because it was the year in which the reference Mohammed al - Sadr died and ended with his death Friday prayers in Kufa mosque and stayed in some provinces began several uprisings. The reaction against the authority, which is another stage of the contemporary history of Iraq, where totally ended any bond between the people and the power Baathist spacing between them has increased people became in hand and power in the other hand, putting the nation on the road to claim the application of social justice and striving to get rid of repression Saddam and the establishment of a new system of access to the application of the provisions of Islamic Sharia, and become fans consider the conflict with Saddam Hussein, the United States as a conflict between the oppressor and women and as a result people with him did not stand in this conflict, precipitating downfall in 2003.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: عماد مكلف عسل البدران
اسم المؤلف: عبد النبي جاسم بتور الحلفي

نشاط الحزب الشيوعي في جنوب العراق 1935 - 1958 : دراسة تاريخية The Communist Party In Southern Iraq 1935 - 1858 (Basra , Almentefiq And Al - Emara) (Historical Study)

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: Characterized by political parties in Iraq for the period of 1935 - 1958 in their positions in terms of the impact of her political events, including the rebel tribes movement coup Bakr Sidqi and movement of Higher Rashid al - Kilani and labor strikes and peasant in southern Iraq and the views of its leaders and the position of party newspapers including, for Mleetmta history of modern and contemporary of the multiplicity of Iraq political and intellectual trends that have emerged in Iraq, which expressed itself as political parties continued to practice political activity and took the bug themselves intellectual awareness in the leadership of the masses in order to struggle as part of a national movement.The study of any of the Communist Party in Iraq and unreliable biography by his leadership or in the formation of the first seed but depends on the precise description of any Tater environment on the party and how the internal system of the party agreement and objectives with the environment in which he appeared in the Communist Party came one as one of the political parties in Iraq witnessed by the history of modern Iraq, the Communist Party has been counted as one of the effective Iraqi parties and had an influential role in the Iraqi arena and in particular he carries the banner for the defense of the working class Aomaytaleg in the literature of the toilers Awalbroolttiaraa, but this Flajb Vantoy under his banner and led at the beginning of the founding of Aad cells of sons including those working classes of workers and peasants, as well as Aln was the Communist Party's positions on national and regional issues 0Highlighted messege light on the subject for this message of what is owned by the party from the date of Tzal and the multiplicity of its activities being did not address the domestic side, and the most prominent books by the Communists, who Ngado a lot of negatives or from opponents who Tamdo criticism and abuse of the party right and the right answer for many of these questions can be found in the message. Subject of the message of the Communist Party in South presentation Aq (1935 - 1958) as a subject not taught study a local previously and how formed cells in Basra, southern Iraq and Almentvk and architecture and how it reaches Yusuf Salman Yusuf Fahd of establishing Guy brigades cells South and work on linking South cells cells Baghdad during Phase Iraq, which witnessed the great political events overthrow of the monarchy in Iraq and the establishment of a republican system and the Communist Party in southern Iraq, where the leading and effective role and can not blur the features of those events.Included a letter introduction and a conclusion and Dahrt fraught with four chapters The first chapter discusses the crystallization of socialist thought and Platform for Action by building cells in the south with belonging to the party, configure socialist cells in Baghdad and stage founding socialist cells in Basra and the formation of socialist cells in Almentvk and composition of the Socialist cells in the brigade architecture.Highlighted the second chapter highlights the new phase of the history of the founding of the Communist Party in the south of Iraq in Basra and Almentvk architecture political Early and intellectual activity in which Yusuf Salman Yusuf Fahd took the active role of the Communist Party in Antgadh Suq in the brigade Almentvk in 1935 causes and events, results and position of the Communist Party in the south of the Bakr Sidqi coup and the formation of the Ministry Hikmat Sulayman and result Zguet Yusuf Salman Yusuf and prosecuted by the authorities Aztr travel to Moscow for the purpose of study and variability response Communist Party did in the south of the May movement in 1941 and the difficulty in that stage of not less difficult than its predecessor through exposure Party Communist in the south to the prosecution governing authority in the south and the arrest of the party's leadership and incarcerations Then came the defections numerous ranks phase which alone by Abdullah Masoud Quraini as well as deprivation of citizenship of the most prominent leaders and despite the lack of vacation to work public so exercised by the Communist Party of covert action names Different is no secret that the period which saw its leaders leading to arrest and foot on the execution of a number of them at the beginning of February 1949, which hit Mae Communist Party in the south, although the Communist Party took the leadership in the south but they were not to have the capacity TC to face the governing authority which resorted power to the closing of many of them and thrown them in jail and try to rein in the party and minimize his role in those positions which for in backing by the member states Alcolmntron communist parties, which was held in 1954, and was the most prominent guests of the Iraqi Communist Party.The third chapter dealt with strikes and uprisings unions and peasant in the south was for labor strikes in the District of Basra, an important role in 1951 and strike the Basra oil company workers in 1952 and the uprising of the Frreis 1951 in the District of Alaamarh and the position of the Communist Party in the south of them, and it was the role of the Communist Party, which in the uprising The Zerg in 1953 and shows the extent of the role of the Communist Party, which in spite of the pressures and prosecutions and Alaatqa lattes by the authority, which protect against the sails of the party in the South to expand its activities.The fourth chapter has focused on the study of Alhzbmn political, economic and social issues, the position has included the first part, the Baghdad Pact in 1955 and the position of rejecting his party and the uprising in favor of tripartite aggression against Egypt in October 1956, and the form of the party with the strength other national alliance establishment Jebbeh National to contest the parliamentary elections and several The Communist Party in the south alignment nationally by the National Union Front to face the governing authority in Iraq Aamta and south as especially either economically deteriorate agrarian reform and oil policy monopoly law in Iraq and the deterioration of industry and labor migration from the countryside to the city and the position of the party, including the Lama of social issues in terms of the division of society the layers and the deterioration of education and the deteriorating health situation which led to the outbreak of diseases in Iraq
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: اميرة رشك لعيبي الزبيدي
اسم المؤلف: صباح جايد جاسم عرمان الوائلي

موقف الاتحاد السوفيتي من الحرب الاهلية الصينية 1944 - 1950 The Soviet Unions Stance On Chinese Civil War 1944 - 1950

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: In the aft ermath of the second world war ( 1939 - 1945 - , the wolrd witnessed , particularly in south East Asia , a competition between the Soviet Union and the United states of exercise domination in that area. the government of Moscow however , played an important role on the international area in the aftermath the cold war ( 1945 - 1991 ). This has resulted in changing the maps of so. many superpowers mainly the Republic of China the Soviet Union showed a special concern and due to do many reasons , To embrace this concern , the thesis has come under the title : The Soviet Union's Stance or Chinese Civil War 1944 - 1950.The plan of the thesis dictates that the division is made on the historical sequence of the events of the civic War. The thesis consists of an introduction , tower chapters and a conclusion.Chapter One offers a historical background about the internal political developments in China and their impact on the relations with the Soviet Union. Events in China were traced eversince the 1911 Revolution , and the rise of the revolutionary tendency among the Chinese youths. The most significant results in this respect was the launching of the Chine's Communist party.Moscow , as a result established strong relations with the powerful parnties in Chine. After the death of the founder of the party , aspects of the civil war between the two parties. Significantly , the Soviet policy witnessed a clear change , in the Soviet policy.Chapter Two addresses itself to the task of dealing the Soviet diplomacy and the Chines Civil War 1944 - 1946. The chapter isdivided into two sections , the first tackles the position of the Soviet union on the American attempts to prevent the outbreak of the Chinese civil War , while the second deals with the policy the Soviet union towards the conflict or the rift between the Chinese National and the Communist parties 1945 - 1946.The Soviet union's position on the balance of powers in the interests of the Communists is the topic of Chapter Three , from December 1947 to February 1949. The Chapter includes three sections ranging from the Soviet attitude towards the Chinese Communist Party to the resut of the discussions between those concerned.Chapter Four deals with Moscow's position on victories achieved by the Chinese communists party at the final stages of the Chinese Civil War , and the declaration that the Republic of China was established.The chapter , correspond fly , includes three sections ; the last of which is concerned with the Soviet recognition of the people's Republic of China along with the Soviet China alliance in 1950.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: حيدر عبد الرضا حسن التميمي
اسم المؤلف: عائدة سامي محمد الهاشم

الاحزاب والتنظيمات السياسية في الصومال (1943 - 1969) Political Organizations And Parties In Somalia (1943 - 1969)

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: تناولت هذه الدراسة الاحزاب والتنظيمات السياسية في الصومال، والظروف التي مهدت لنشاة الاحزاب والمتمثلة بالنظام القبلي الصومالي والتغلغل الاستعماري وما خلف من التفرقة والتقسيم بين القبائل الصومالية والذي ادى الى ظهور الحركات الوطنية المسلحة ولاسيما ثورة الدر | This study deals with the Political organizations and Parties in Somalia and the Conditions that lead to the establishment of the parties exemplified by the Somalian tribal system and the colonial penetration which consequently led to the separation and division of the Somalian tribes. This led to the appearance of armed national movements especially AL Daraweesh revolution lead by Muhammad Abdullah Bin Hasan. this affected in the appearance of the first political orqanizations and parties in regional , tribal and national Somalia especially the Samalian Youth Unian Party which played avital role in Somalian politics from the second World War and the period of Italian wardship up to 1960 and the caming of the general Siad Bari who led the military coup and ended the multiple party experience and entered the party in to the singular party sestem. The thesis includes an interoduction, four chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter deals with the conditions of Somalia before the appearance of the political organizations and parties in Somalia.It is divided into three sections. The first section dealt with the location and its importance to Somalia ؛ and the tribe and its roles. The secand section , on the other hand , tackles the colonial penetration an Somalia and its division of the country into five parts and the consequent conditions. The therd section focused on the national armed movements especially the revolusian dervishes led by Mujahid Mohammed Abdullah Hassan and the emergence of the first political organizations. the second chapter touched, to political parties and organizations in the period (1943 - 1950) has included three sections, dealing with the first part, political parties and organizations nationalism, eat second topic parties and regional political organizations tribal, and the third on the position of political parties and organizations of the Somali issue during the period (1945 - 1950) and the arrival of the international jury, and included the third quarter of Somalia under Italian trusteeship and even independence (1950 - 1960), a consists of three sections, singled out the first part, the Italian trusteeship Somalia and the formation of the Advisory Board and regional councils and the formation of the first Ministry of Somali, while the second section Vochts political parties and organizations that have emerged in the Italian trusteeship period is also a nationalist and tribal regional parties with respect to the third section the position of political parties and organizations of Education, language and economic issues, while the fourth chapter has touched on the position of the parties of the political developments in Somalia during the civil rule (1960 - 1969), which also consists of three Investigation, singled out the first section of independence and the problems faced by the nascent state, while the second section dealt with the position of the parties political in that period of the Somalia National issues (lost territories) the third section Vochts conflicts political leaders to power and the end of the multi - party coup led by Major General Mohamed Siad Barre, as contained Conclusion on the important results of the parties and political organizations in Somalia and how to end these parties a military coup in 1969 which abolished all.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
النص الكامل من المصدر: http://cloud.uobasrah.edu.iq/uploads/2021/09/10/4418%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84.pdf
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: عمار فاضل حمزة عباس
اسم المؤلف: انعام عبد العظيم شاهين

الانصار ودورهم السياسي والاداري والفكري في بلاد الاندلس حتى نهاية عصر الموحدين (92 - 635هـ/710 - 1237م)

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: Ansar and their political and administrative and intellectual in the country Andalus from opening until the end of the era of combined (92 - 635 AH) The tribe Ansar of the most important tribes known to Islamic history in the Orient, Morocco and associated fame of what was their role in supporting the Prophet Muhammad (p) in spreading the message of the sky and if the researchers had Tnaulo Multi Ansar abundance in the Orient Islamic, but they did not mention the role of supporters in the country Andalus in detail, especially in periods of the first Arab rule the Islamic Andalusia and studies have focused Aoilk researchers on the state sons of Red (Khazraj) Other Arab rulers in Andalusia so we have seen that highlight the role of Ansar political and administrative and intellectual of the period of the Arab conquest of the Islamic year 92 AH until the fall of the state Unitarian 635 e have dealt mentioned during this time period, despite the length of the interdependence and interrelatedness of events among themselves and also in order to show the extent of developments that have occurred to the members of this tribe during this period of time.In order to show the importance of the role of this tribe have. Dividing this research to pave and three classes according to the scientific material available concerning our topic.Boot confined to mention Ansar and continued their homeland and their standing in the Muslim community and their role in supporting the Prophet Muhammad (p) and reminded us that in order to connect between their role in the Levant and the role that they had in Andalusia. Chapter One; The talk about the role of Ansar political and we divide it for several Detectives First research and talks about the role of supporters in open Andalus and Astqriham among themselves either search second is from (95 - 138 AH), and we have talked about their role in the era of the governors and their participation in the most prominent events and tribulations that revolved during that period, either the third section is of 138 e 422 e and talked about their role in it during the period of the Umayyad rule as mentioned Ansar supporters of Bani Umayya and who had a big role in that period. The fourth section 422 - 479 AH is talking about the role of the Ansar in the era of sects and their influence in the unification of Andalusia and Morocco and the defense of the unity of their country against an enemy of the Christian and speaks fifth topic for their role in the era stationed either sixth topic is talking about their role in the Almohad period 540 - 635. Chapter II speaks about the role of supporters in managerial life and also divided to several sections where we talked abcut the most prominent administrative functions assumed by Ansar during that period, such as the ministry and the office of the governor of the city, judges and other centers and prestigious positions in the state. Chapter III : And talking about Allansar role in the intellectual life and is further divided to several sections where we talked about the most prominent science that scientists excelled guardian of Ansar - science religious and transport, as well as linguistics and pure science such as medicine, engineering and so on
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: علي صدام نصر الله الفريجي
اسم المؤلف: نور كاظم حمد

التطورات السياسية الداخلية للولايات المتحدة الامريكية في عهد الرئيس توماس جيفرسون (1801 ـ 1809) The Internal Political Developments Of The United States Of America In The Period Of Thomas Jefferson (1801 - 1809)

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: first decade of the nineteenth century holds with it an important stage from the date of the United States of the internal political, During that period had not been passed on the establishment of the U.S. government as the Government of the Constitution ofـ legislative, executive and judicial ـ more than eleven years announcement of the U.S. Constitution 1789 until the beginning of the nineteenth century, but had not on the nation U.S. an independent state of a sovereign their mandates of the three ten more than seventeen. of Day announcement of Independence U.S. from Britain in 1783 until the beginning of the following century. The present study to shed light on an important stage of the life of Thomas Jefferson political and at the level of domestic politics represented in the duration of his position as the third U.S. president in 1801 and even the end of the second term in 1809 after that took consecutive, lies the importance of this period in it is the first time dominated in which the Republican Party Democratic on the legislative and of Congress and executive of the presidency, after that was However, Unionist Party, while the judicial authority has remained in the possession of the party last. It is obvious is also known to all that the different views of the parties opposing reflected on the nature of the work of those parties, so felt researcher that addresses in his reasons for that the dispute from the beginning through the included within the introductory chapter. It is during that details emerge last, what are the measures to the new government of Republican Party Democratic and President Thomas Jefferson, through all this period? This question will be the entire cited study of the details, it has sought to the new president to several measures to mention of them First : to reconcile the parties as much as possible, Second : to achieve his dreams to expand towards the territory Bank by buying new territory, Third : to reconcile the legislative and executive and the one hand and the judicial authority of the other hand. Is it will succeed President Thomas Jefferson in his quest? in spite of that the United States U.S. has become a country with the Constitution of the Government of return to the year 1781, the internal political developments witnessed by the through eight years the first of the nineteenth century( 1801 1809), can be by the concept of( evolution' s New to the United States U.S.), in order to the outcome of him the state of many changes, including its powers of the three( legislative, the Executive, the judicial). On the other hand U.S. President Thomas Jefferson, who took the state presidency during this period, score was the most prominent in the nature of these developments, although he a series of government positions internal and external, its role as had a big impact to change the many of the internal policies
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: خولة طالب لفتة الحميداوي
اسم المؤلف: محمود عبد المحسن ناصر العلي

بريطانيا وايرلندا الحرة : دراسة في العلاقات السياسية 1939 - 1945 Britain And Free Ireland A Study In Political Relations 1939 - 1945

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: This dissertation aims at making the Arabs and researchers realize the major aspects of the British - Irish relations in most dangerous period, the Second World War. This study follows up the reasons behind the Irish state refusing of the British demands of the military facilities, especially the using of the Irish ports as well. Moreover, the study discusses the nature of political relations between Britain and Ireland during the Second World War and its effects on war.The study begin in 1939,because it is the year that witnessed the outbreak of the Second World War and at end in 1945 in which Hitler’s defeating in Europe. The study falls into an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. In the first chapter the researcher sheds light on historical background of the British - Irish relations. This chapter focuses on the British occupation of Ireland from early time and the political developments of the relations between Britain and Ireland since the Irish independence up to September 1939.In the second chapter the researcher studies the British - Irish relations from the outbreak of the Second World War up to 1941.The researcher focuses on the Irish attitude towards the military developments of war since early time up to U.S.A. declaration of war against the Aix powers, the British efforts to get the military facilities from Ireland, and follows up the reasons behind the Irish state to refuse the British demands.The chapter three devoted to discuss the international developments and its results on the British - Irish relations from 1942 up to 1943.The researcher focuses on the U.S.A. efforts to improve the British - Irish relations, the Irish reactions on the landing of the American troops on the north Ireland, and the Irish resistance of the Allied demands of the putting up the propaganda and spy of the Aix powers in Ireland. Finally, this chapter deals with the Welch’s visiting to London and its effects on the British - Irish relations. The last chapter devotes to deal with the continuance of the British demands from 1943 up to 1945.The researcher tries to discuss the Irish resistance of the British demands on dismissing of the Aix diplomats from Ireland, the Irish attitude towards the last developments of war, the British demands not to grant asylum to war criminals of the Aix powers, and its demands to hand over the German detainees in Ireland.As for the conclusion, it is as a summary of the most important results that the researcher arrived it
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: فرقد عباس قاسم المياحي
اسم المؤلف: يوسف طه حسين القريشي

المشروع الالهي في الخلافة والسقيفة The Goddess Project In Al Khilafah And Saqeefah

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: A viewer to the reality of the Islamic nation may notice the high level of problems that aggravate and statuses that decline till reaching the killing of its people to each others; giving themselves the right to shed the blood of others using justifications that are unauthenticated by any other law or convention on Earth. Being distracted and servile to their enemies and using fake fatwa, they claim the victims to be unbelievers. Despite the fact that the Islamic nation possesses the factors of strength and the bases of development on the level of human resources, wealth, geography, history, religious and knowledge system; there is a fundamental case and a central problem that makes it unable to arise and proceed. This problem is the main reason for all what the nation suffers and it is inculcated in the conscience and existence of the nation. It is the dispute that busied the nation and made it feeble to overpass to deal with any other problem till it rotted all its structure and killed it. From the depths of suffering, arise the visions and cures through the unification of standards to reach some satisfactory results. From here comes the causes and objectives of this study as an abstract, daring and objective refinement to the reasons of the fundamental dispute in the history of the Islamic nation, its present and future. The dispute is represented by the incident of 'Al Saqeefah' along with the regimes it established, and the associations and shades it provided which had its influences and effects up to date.The researcher worked on the unification of the research approach between the two disputed parties through what is agreed upon from what is said, done and authorized by Prophet Mohammed (Allah blessings upon him and his A'll) along with the sound Soras of the Holy Quran for the purpose of standards unification and accept what agrees with them and reject what disagrees. The purpose here is to stay in line with the goddess project and not to give the judgmental projects a corona of holiness to show them in different pictures rather than their real pictures or to take them as religions and cut off any thought contradicting them. The researcher uses the analytic method for narrations and the accumulation of evidences for the incidents and subjects along with debate and conclusion. The researcher proposed his subject in three chapters; chapter one entitled 'The goddess project for the human being… its dimensions and goals; chapter two entitled 'Events pre - Saqeefah that is attached to Al Saqeefah incident' and finally the third chapter entitled 'The event of the martyr of Prophet Mohammad (Allah blessings upon him and his A'll) and the events of Al Saqeefah. The researcher concluded that the event of Al Saqeefah is a judgmental project that did not go the same direction as the goddess project and did not follow the parameters of the goddess project. On the contrary, it established new visions that are different from the visions of the goddess project and did not follow the goddess method through the separation between the Holy Quran and 'Al Etrah'; the two factors recommended by prophet Mohammad to grasp them tightly according to the collective viewpoint of the Islamic nation. Furthermore, the event of Al Saqeefah did not establish a clear - cut methodology in terms of politics and authority neither in economy. Every Khalifa has his own judgment which was different than his antecessor's till eventually we reached to an armed conflict amongst the comrades. The conflict developed with the feed of the political and financial authority of governors. Consequently the nations divided into different nations and parties and into different intellectual and sectarian schools clashing and considering the results of Al Saqeefah a red unapproachable line, despite the fact it is merely a judgment of the mistaken or a mistake of a judging entity, which is void of any legal document or any attribute from the Holy Quran or Sunnah. It was merely a claim that Quraish has made a choice which is a good one! So, let us take what is agreed upon and work on it and forget about our disputes and let us forgive each other because we cannot make any step forward unless being unified.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: مصطفى جواد عباس
اسم المؤلف: جاسم حسن جابر الموسوي

الثورة المكسيكية 1910 - 1940 : دراسة تاريخية The Mexican Revolution 1910 - 1940 Historical Study

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: Did not receive historical and political issues for countries the Americas interest academic studies in Iraq, except for the study of the history of the United States and positions on many issues around the world, to the United States from a broad relationships global position as a major country, so it remained date the Americas states unknown is not addressed to him only through the study of European history since the start of the geographical statements, because of the political weight of Europe in that era, and the strength of the ruling European households able to roots date manufactured in the Americas, and stuck to the lead in writing and drafted in accordance with the historical and the European political perspective. Given the changing political situation in the Americas as a result of the liberation movements of European colonialism, especially after the American War of Independence in 1776, linked the peoples of the Americas Association of law, citizenship and belonging and state sovereignty in a new way. This has resulted in all the new events and new variables from which emerged the new date as part independently of European history, and it became necessary to study the history completely independent way from what it was before independence. It is fitting that academic studies trending in Iraq toward areas and historical issues that has not received sufficient attention commensurate historical value new perspective, emphasizes the study of circumstances and experiences of these countries and the size of the similarity between them and the Arab states in the tragedy of division and retail inherited Arab and American countries of European colonization, including where Iraq. Before that democracy achieved in many American states, had to pass through several stages of the struggle, succeeded in some of them, and failed in others, but the struggle for democracy has never abated, it has witnessed the Americas in the early twentieth century revolutions several In order to achieve democracy was the most important subject of the study of the Mexican Revolution. The importance of this revolution back to several reasons, not necessarily called for the study was the most important. Historical extension of the revolution, because the revolution was the outcome of political and social developments and serious economic passed out of Mexico since the Spanish occupation in 1519 have until the fall of dictatorship under Broferrio Diaz in 1910 at the hands of Francisco Madero. That era that changed the moral concepts of the social level, and made Mexico ample vast American intervention at the political level, a cheap commodity and foreign investment in the market at the economic level. The Revolution the lead in advocating the values of socialism worldwide and the first missionary out, as it was the first revolution in the twentieth century has inspired a lot of American States freedom and independence, thus this would be a major historical turning point towards global socialism that has taken root quite the Bolshevik revolution in Russia and its ideology of Marxism in 1917, but the revolution in Mexico has not received as much attention is given to the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia. The reason for this is the different ideological visions between the two revolutions, and the export of socialist principles mechanism for other countries, Russia has worked on the export of the socialist doctrine of the world, and Mexico provided only in the framework of American States. The length of time it took the Revolution, which lasted forty years, in which he expressed a continuing insistence of the Mexican people to aspire to freedom and to the establishment of a civil state based on democratic institutions. Mexico also saw a succession in which many governments because of the large number of political conflicts and growing competition in the access to the top of the pyramid of government in the state, as well as changes in the political arena of uprisings and rebellions and counter - revolutions. Permanent political conflict between Mexico and the United States because of the border overlap between the two countries, and the continuation of hatred between the two peoples, because remnants of the Mexican - American War 1846 - 1848, which manifested itself what is known as (b waiver Mexican) all from Texas, Florida and Chrinland to the United States, as well as US concerns Mexico from being sucked toward the socialist bloc led by the Soviet Union in the framework of the World Socialist capitalist race. The class struggle, who grew up under the dictatorship of Diaz, whose impact on the overall social relations in Mexico, which split the Mexican community and the jurisprudence of the two categories of workers, farmers, and gave rise to a lot of uprisings and revolts and strikes led to the result of dismembering the society which form difficult to contain conflicting attitudes in under the Mexican Revolution. So a lot of those so - revolution social revolution. Revolution split into two phases, the first armed struggle involved and spread within the period 1910 - 1920, the second is the stage of the reconstruction of Mexico from 1920 to 1940. And the size of the political challenges faced in the context of those eras. The aim of the study is to show the importance of this revolution, and the analysis of the roles that passed out politically, socially and economically, which crossed the whole for (unanimously for the birth of Mexico current), as well as the desire that this study be suitable to understand a lot of problems that are related to American history away ground import perceptions of Western literature and studies. Besides contributing to fill the vacuum in the Iraqi libraries studying this historic area. Was chosen in 1910, the beginning of the subject, because it is the year that was sparked by the revolution at the hands of Francisco Madero, and fell by the Government Breviro Diaz after thirty - four years of dictatorial rule passage, and your search is over in 1940 after the end of Cardenas rule which put an end to the end of the revolution, so Btamima Mexican oil and apply it the Law of Agrarian Reform and lay Constitution, which was founded on the jurisprudence of the modern Republic of Mexico and the handover of the National Revolutionary Party, which lasted for the next sixty years
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: ابراهيم فنجان صدام الامارة
اسم المؤلف: عقيل جعيز شمخي السهلاني

دور كنعان ايفرين السياسي والعسكري في تركيا (1980 - 1989) The Role Of Kenan Evren Political And Military In Turkey (1980 - 1989 )

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: The thesis is The role of Kenan Evren political and military In Turkey (1980 - 1989) This study centres on the political and military role of General Kenan Evrin in the contemporary history of Turkey for the years 1980 - 1989. Gen. Evrin is considered a character that had a direct impact on the historical events in Turkey , for he played a major role in the economic , political and social changes in modern Turkey, particularly after he led the coup d'etat in 1980 and became the head of the national security council and finally the president of the Turkish Republic until his resignation in 1989. What has characterized this study is its tackling of important subjects such as the motives behind the coup and the US role in it , and all the political , social , economic and foreign policy transformations that ensued from it.because of the importance of this period in the interned policy of Turkey and the absence of an academic research in Iraqi libraries that converse that important political period. This study falls into an introduction , three chapters , a conclusion and some appendices.The introduction investigates the nature of the interior and foreign situations in Turkey as well as the factors behind the processes making the political decisions.Chapter One sheds light on the motives that prompted the coup in 1980 , the formation of a military government headed by Kenan Evrin , and its decisions. The chapter also deals with the drafting of 1982 constitution and putting it to a referendum.Chapter Two studies Evrin's role in the interior and foreign policies of Turkey and all the changes that came as a result of the coup. Additionally, this chapter tackles the importance of the decisions and fiats taken by Evrin concerning the interior issues in Turkey such as the problem of the Kurdish and Armenian minorities. Chapter Three deals with the foreign policies of Turkey under President Kenan Evrin from a fundamental reality which is that Turkey is major country bordering on the Arab world and has an important strategic geographical posision in addition to its strong relationships with the west , especially the United States of America.The 1980 coup came as a response to some political, security , social and economis issues witnessed by Turkey during the 1970s , and the emergence of many attempts to redraw the political map of Turkey. These factors are the causes that motivated the military leaders to interefere in the political life and the imposition of their conditions and procedures concerning political participation in Turkey. This study addressed a historical ear that it was very important for history of Turkey , The Internal situation and external international political and military did a big tolyto get a leader with qualities (Kenan Evrin ) to the rule and not get 1970of the last centery with clear development in infrastructure for Turk society ( Agricultural - inclusterial - tracle ) for Turk society but it couldn’t do a successful solutions to it. but Turk did through this act and tried to develop its democratic. And it helped to establish political parties which got its chance to its political goals , Who did its goals dnd trieclto do with ideas with wrong ways , This practices lead to dangerway during 1970 , Some of them used a political violence to get the power , So the Turk society may get a civil war , The governments which get the power were so weak and couldn’t do or to solve any problems in this decade. Kenan Evren has got a military person that he had a high position in Turkish government. He believed with Mostafa Kamels concepts that take responsibility to keep them after threats and me got in Ataturk celebration in 1980. Which tried to get rid of terrorism and political violence. And tried to repair the damage in the country. The coup in 1980 which came for the political developments and socio - economic - security political witnessed Turkey. in 1970 and many efforts which appeared to make a political map in Turkey and efforts. These evidence were to military leaders with their terms in politics. This is which happened after in 1980 and the issuance of the constitution in 1982 with the other procedures.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: خلود عبد اللطيف عبد الوهاب
اسم المؤلف: فضاء حازم عبد الحسين المحمداوي

سياسة الولايات المتحدة الاميركية تجاه الهند (1964 - 1972) United State Of America Policy Toward India (1964 - 1972)

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على اشرف الخلق اجمعين محمد المصطفى واله الطيبين الطاهرين......اما بعد...فان دراسة السياسة الخارجية الاميركية تحظى باهمية كبيرة في التاريخ الدولي المعاصر؛ لان فهم تلك السياسة اصبح ضرورة ملحة؛ نظرا لكونها تشكل القطب | The study tries to study an important topic which is related to the international relation ,more specifically it is American - Indian relations. After Indian gained its independence in 1947, it endeavored to build her bases foreign policy to ensure its independence and to prevent itself from any external interference detrimental, especially after the beginning of the cold war between to main poles United States and Soviet Union.In that period the events an any place of the world had affected by this relation between tow poles in way or Another the cold war synchronized within India's independence, so it endeavored to keep its independence by following neutrality policy. Then talk about the thesis of American - Indian relations in the era of President Nixon and Johnson during the period 1964 - 1972oukd Tenth three ministers and heads of Indians are Jawaharlal Nehru، Lal Bahadur Shastri and Indira Gandhi varied according to the United Alaqtbalolayat international circumstances and the problems faced by India.The study divided the five chapters and an introduction and a conclusion, with supplements, and the first chapter titled stages of the American political evolution, and was divided into two sections presidents first dealt with the concept of foreign policy of the United States to recognize the historical context of the concept, while the second section focused on the mechanisms American political decision - making. As for the second chapter, which came titled US policy toward India 1947 - 1964 he served as an introductory chapter indispensable gives a clear and focused on US policy for the period that preceded the duration of the study image, has been divided into four topics Head first section dealt with the strategic importance of India for US policy, while highlighted the second section highlights the Indian - American political relations, has been highlighted and adequately on the nature of those relationships during the Eisenhower and Kennedy, while singled out the third section of the policy of the United States economic toward India, and in this study were addressed this aspect something detail; to understand its importance in American policy tools. The fourth section, which dealt with the position of the United States towards the Indian foreign conflicts, this section included three axes Axis I touched on US policy toward India - Pakistan conflict over Kashmir state, indicating the most prominent positions Washington from that conflict and the other Axis Turning to the US position on the Sino - Indian war in 1962, which saw the US support and clear the Indian side and the third axis focused on the United States 'position in the Indian conflict - Portuguese on "Goa" region (Goa) 1961, highlighting the United States' position from that conflict and its reflection on the US - India relations. While the Third chapter focused on political Johnson to internal developments in India 1964 - 1968 This chapter section on the three sections Head as eating the first part, the Johnson administration's position on the pay Shastri - Andrigandhi prime minister of India, and in this section the focus was to see the position of Washington political changes after the death of Nehru, and how to deal with these variables, while the second section focused on Johnson's policy toward Indian food crisis of 1965 - 1967, and finally focused on the position of the third section of the Johnson administration to developments in the Indian nuclear file 1964 - 1968. While highlighted in the fourth chapter on the attitudes of mutual countries towards key issues such as the Indian armament issues that separated in the first section of this chapter, and devoted the second topic to talk about the Indian position on the Vietnam issue and its impact on their relationship with the United States, while the third section focused on US position from the second Kashmir war in 1965. The final chapter has focused on Nixon's policy towards India 1969 - 1972 has been divided into four first Investigation eat the nature of American - Indian relations during the period above, while the second topic of Indian - Soviet relations and their impact on US relations, and the third on the Nixon administration's position on the repercussions Bengali crisis and, finally, the fourth section focused on the US position of the outbreak of the 1971 India - Pakistan war.The study was based on a number of diverse sources, which published documents formed the basic source material for scientific material, these documents have supported the basic references, by people who were directly related to the events.Finally, I hope that I have been successful in my modest knowledge of the extent commensurate with the subject of the study, and it may be that I have been able to prepare an academic study draws in that period of American policy toward India landmarks.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: كاظم هيلان محسن السهلاني
اسم المؤلف: حيدر عبد العالي جبر

مشكلة المان السوديتفي تشيكوسلوفاكيا 1938 - 1946 Sudeten Germans Problem In Czechoslovakia 1938 - 1946

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: This research dealt with the problem of Sudeten Germans in Czechoslovakia from the conference of Munich of 1938 up to 1946. This topic is very important. This research divided into introduction, preface, three chapters and a conclusion. The introduction dealt with the historical background of the Sudeten Germans - Czech relations from early times up to September 1938.The first chapter focused on the conference of Munich of 1938 and its effects on the Sudeten Germans problem, establishment of the second state of Czechoslovakia, the attitude of Sudeten Germans towards the German occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1939,the Czech political efforts in exile to get a recognition of the great powers of the Czech new state in exile, and their efforts to persuade the Great powers to deportation of Sudeten Germans from Czechoslovakia after the end of war. The Second chapter discussed the problem of Student Germans from March 1945 up to May 1945.This chapter explained the liberation of Czechoslovakia by Soviet and American troops, and its effects on the Sudeten Germans in Czechoslovakia. The chapter dealt with the attitude of new Czech state towards the Sudeten Germans during this period. The third chapter discussed the problem of Sudeten Germans from June 1945 up to 1946.This period witnessed operations of deportation of Sudeten Germans by Czech peoples and government. The chapter dealt with the Potsdam conference and its effects on the Sudeten Germans
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: فرقد عباس قاسم المياحي
اسم المؤلف: علي عبود محمد
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