البحث — المستودع الرقمي العراقي

نتائج البحث: 8 من أصل 33

الاخلاق والدين بين وليم جيمس وجون ديوي ETHICS AND RELIGION BETWEEN WILLIAM JAMES AND JOHN DEWEY

المستخلص: This research - field dealt with ethics and religion in the pragmatic philosophy, particularly of William James and John Dewey. It included four chapters. The first chapter presented the most important philosophers who represented the pragmatic philosophy and shed light on the most outstanding subjects and problems on which those philosophers made their research.The second chapter is mainly based on the ethics in William James’s philosophy. In the first section, which is entitled. Ethics between psychology and Metaphysics, we handled the origin of the ethical rules in addition to the source of Good and Evil. Finally, it touched upon the conscience idea. Accordingly, it seems that James treated ethics from a psychological point of view in the way that ethics are considered as relative and not absolute. This idea is also represented in the second section of the subject, entitled the Ethical principle, in which he criticised the standard solutions, trying to suggest the pragmatic philosophy for this standard question. In the third section, the researcher handled the Meliorism in James’s philosophy in which James looked at the world optimistically through the defeat of evil and the victory for good. The third chapter included the ethical subject in John Dewey’s philosophy. In the first section, Dewey treated the relationship between the means and ends which is regarded as the basis for the ethical problem.In the second section which represents the core of the ethical theory, Dewey tries to talk about the morals of the individual and society. In this section, we find Dewey contradicts James in that he dealt with ethics sociologically. In the final section of this chapter which is entitled Freedom and the Ethical optimism, Dewey made a complete agreement with James in his theory of Meliorism. To end this chapter, we find that Dewey called upon the scientific ethics which are regarded as similar to other experimental sciences. As a result of this, we had to use and apply the approaches of the scientific research.In the ending chapter, the researcher discussed religion in Dewey and James’s philosophy . James’s birth in a religious family forms the effective effect of his tendency and treatment of religion psychologically.This is quite evident in the first section which is under the title “the will to believe’, in which James believed that religion is a personal matter and there are images of the religious experience which are equal to the number of pious people.In his theory, mentioned before, James considered every individual as one who has the right to believe and to be faithful because the logic of mind can’t prove validity for everything. James applied this firstly on the idea of God.Dewey’s attitude towards religion was negative in that Dewey opposed all heavenly religions regarding them as constant social values and principle because they called upon absolute values which are beyond the human nature. In this viewpoint, Dewey showed that the right religion is the one by which all humanity should restrict to it

الصفحات الاولى:

مكان الجامعة: النجف

اللغة: العربية

الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية الاداب - قسم الفلسفة

الدرجة: ماجستير

الموضوع الدقيق: الفلسفة الحديثة

السنة: 2003

الموضوع العام: الفلسفة

اسم المشرف: جميل حليل نعمة المعلة

اسم المؤلف: نبراس زكي جليل

مبادئ الجسم الطبيعي في فلسفة صدر الدين الشيرازي The Principles of the Natural body in the philosophy Sadr el - deen Al - Shirazi

المستخلص: This thesis deals with the stage of Islamic philosophy which follows A verroes, a stage which was megleeted by seholors in the field of Islamic philosophy. Our work conecentru on some main as pects of thost of shirazi.Our thin her is psobably one of the renewers of Islamice philosophy, which he tried to a how its by potheses and theosies within a new form : substancial movement, the fourth dimensicn the in fatuation of prime matter to its form. The union of the intellect withthe rational. In these last guestions and a thess appears a eertion innouation and originelity of shirazi.Shirazi found what we may eall a new school of thousht : the transceneleutal wisdom combining : Quran, proof and gnosis (intuitian) therefore the method of shirazi is based on these three elements.Shirazi studies well Avecenna, he eritieised him in ecstain paints, so also he studied well plato and Aristotle and he even added new proofs taken from Islamic thought to the guestion of deals.In the discussion of natural body, Shirazi found its proofs in the three fields of Islamice theology, Mathematics and natural seience.Therefore, the birth of the fourth timension. Thus was our chapter ١.Chapter ٢ in aevoted to the prime matter and its infotuation with the form. In this last matter shirazi was his two proofs : the rational and the transcendental.This second chapter deals with the natural body, the proofs of the existence of prime matter. Its relation to potentiality and its being a source of growth and evil. Besicles, these is the guestion of prime matter's feeling, its deep longing to or infatuation with its from. Here, shirazi eritieiges Avicenna for his failure to under stand the relation of prime matter with its from. In chapter ٣ a second principl of the physical nature is dealt with the relation of from with a ctuality and whether a ctuality preecdes potentiality on that potentiality ecrnes first, but as shirazi finds that prim matter is rbeer potentiality, therefore form is the meaning or reality of existence. Chapter ٣ ends with the discussion : whether the relation of prim matter to its form is a cause - effect or some thing mor.The last chapter ٤ is decoteel to the third principle, the non - existence. Shirazi's innovction in this last matter is that he eonsidus the non - existence a subjective principle, because it is a non - settled one, where as existence is a settled. Principle, then it is an objective princeiple. Last, shirazi's thousht is losed on these guestions : (١) Qriginality of existene (٢) unity of existence and (٣) the substaneicl movement.

الصفحات الاولى:

مكان الجامعة: النجف

اللغة: العربية

الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية الاداب - قسم الفلسفة

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الموضوع الدقيق: الفلسفة الحديثة

السنة: 2005

الموضوع العام: الفلسفة

اسم المشرف: نعمة محمد ابراهيم الموسوي

اسم المؤلف: احلام مجلي شحيل الشبلي

التفسير الديني للتاريخ : الامامية انموذجا Religious Explanation of History

المستخلص: Of His Almighty God blesses on His worshipers is reflection and forethought in self - presence represented by the great evidences and masterminding, that exhorted slaves to reflection and contemplation; it was narrated from Abu Abdullah al - Sadiq " P.U.H", he had been asked about (to think an hour is better than by prayer for a night), how do you speculate? He said ( passes the roins or the house says : Where are your dwellers?, Where are your builders?, why do not you speak?), And this evidence of HisAlmighty say : (hath before you Sunan Walk the earth and see how was the end of the rejecters), and only to speculate human Nations - last years and times, to benefit from the movement of history of the lessons that makes them all aberration and deviation andexplores what the future holds, to correct the career of consistent work with denied the right God providence and His support for the consistent movement of history.This research is considered as a participation in this field for certain reason such as : - - First, the lack of well - defined theory for the Imami Shiite in this field of knowledge (Philosophy of History); the researcher believes that of his predecessors in this regard did not have integrated theories, they are harbingers of the theory, with the bulk of respect and appreciation to all who wrote letters to human happiness, who wants the pleasure of God Almighty. - Second : the lost and marginalization which certain parties want the nation to live in, and which led to the absence of the Islamic discourse in the civilizations dialogue field, which was planned to be a struggle field, so we became between this and that; as agoing farther to battle without a weapon. - Third : The other important point is that the benefit to be adopted by legislators for making umbrella sits under its shadow human beings; free of tragedy experienced by humanity. - Fourth, put a brick in the establishment of a methodological foundation for rational speech in this field, in the belief of the researcher that nations and civilizations are elevated by science and perseverance; and science is hierarchical building; both sets by its effort, to complete the construction.This thesis includes five chapters and a conclusion.The first chapter : religious explanation of history from the ancient civilizations perspective, it includes three topics The second chapter is entitled : rooting of the religious interpretation of the history in the Ibrahamic religions, it also includes three topics.Imamate between rooting and critique, determinism and non - determinism dialectics and History movement for the Imamate, are the titles of the third, fourth and fifth chapters, respectively, each has four topics The research concludes a set of results that are mentioned in the conclusion in addition to the recommendations.

الصفحات الاولى:

مكان الجامعة: النجف

اللغة: العربية

الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية الاداب - قسم الفلسفة

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الموضوع الدقيق: الفلسفة الحديثة

السنة: 2015

الموضوع العام: الفلسفة

اسم المشرف: حمزة جابر سلطان الاسدي

اسم المؤلف: فالح حسن جبار

فلسفة بيير بورديو الاجتماعية Pierre Bourdieu's Critical Philosophy

المصادر:

الملخص:

المستخلص: Bourdieu's importance is determined in being a philosopher who summarized knowledge as putting together the different and contradictory philosophical and sociological trends especially during the period post to the second half of the 20th century. Then, the period was distinct for the events, which preoccupied human thought, along with conflicts accompanied by failure of ideological projects which further led to global occupations and collapses. These resulted in new trends that made Bourdieu's philosophy a focus of dispute by these trends. Bourdieu's philosophical interest and epistemological preoccupation are not confined to a certain trend, a state of affairs that made him open to all fields of philosophy, though he began as a structuralist. This beginning had its impact in constructing his knowledge - capitol, but he totally rejected the indulgence within a single trend. And, as he rejected structuralism, he rejected post - structuralism, and so he rejected modernism and post - modernism. This is so for he rebeled against all ideas and ideologies (and all the political and commercial systems, whether capitalist or liberal, that adopt these ideas and ideologies) of enlightenment that controlled man so as to minimize mind to techno - media. As to these approaches the present study makes its points of discussion. The first chapter tackles Bourdieu's Conceptual Device whereby we understand his philosophical project. By this, Bourdieu formed the epistemological tools that he used in all fields. The knowledge of these tools is not a matter of understanding, but is linked to putting into practice that sort of understanding so as to produce projects and different means via which we can deconstruct the predominant ideologies which produce and re - produce these systems as to the ideals of illusion and interest. Illusion is always linked to belief, and interest to the utilisation of practice and labour. Out of practice, new fields are produced as to follow those motives. The production thereof goes beyond the use of capitals and commercial companies in publicising their products along with a pre - publicising of their ideas. There is before publicity and marketing, a dominance over ideas in an attempt to changing the behaviour of individuals, where this is a point of dispute in Pierre Bourdieu's Philosophy of Social Interaction Theory. How could consciousness be swept away by technology and its tools on TV? In other words, it is impossible to express ideas via such tools. T his is the subject matter of the second chapter which deconstructs the domineering powers that helped vanish human mind and re - produced its production in terms of their ideologies which are not restricted to TV alone, but the deconstruction task involves the masculine discourse in which woman helps man to dominate her. This dominance over woman is as to her desire and will, not via enforcing that type of discourse. This is because the way woman was brought up as to the absence of her role and right has its subconscious effects which penetrated the woman thought and behaviour.As for the last chapter, the third, it endeavors to locate Bourdieu in the dialectics of practice and knowledge fields so as to achieve his critical project via critical sociologies in art, culture, literature and knowledge

الصفحات الاولى:

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

اللغة: العربية

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الاداب - قسم الفلسفة

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الموضوع الدقيق: الفلسفة الحديثة

السنة: 2016

الموضوع العام: الفلسفة

اسم المشرف: افراح لطفي عبد الله

اسم المؤلف: علاء كاظم مسعود سيد

العلمانية في الفكر العربي المعاصر : سلامة موسى وفؤاد زكريا انموذجا SECULARISM IN MODERN ARAB THOUGHT : SALAMA MOUSA&FUAD ZAKARIA AS EXAMPLES

المصادر:

الملخص:

المستخلص: Secularism is a term that has been widely tackled in Arab thought. At the beginning of the eighteenth century, Arab homeland welcomed all types of culture and thought with which it interacted and took positions and trends. Secularism is one of the most prominent concepts with which Arabs interacted and took a totally rejecting stance.The stance of Islamic movements during the renaissance era was based on rejecting western thought and adherence to authority of religion, on the basis of the privacy and adherence to past. Therefore, secularism was associated with the extremist thought of disbelief, atheism and distance from our society. However, with the sufferings of Arab societies from retardation, social and material defeats against prosperous western culture, and sectarian and racial struggles, and with attempts to associate religion with policy, urgent questions raise, such as : would we reject secularism just because it was originated in the west? Should we blindly adhere to past and the legacy of our ancestors? Or should we deal with secularism as a part of global modernism outcome, which resulted in a remarkable change in thought when the will of man prevailed and dealing with a person changed into a citizen rather than to their religion or sect, and imposed the building of a country, away from religion authority, in which a democracy prevails and in which a citizen is the source of authorities and constitution? Arab pro secularism thinkers' positions, no doubt, took such questions seriously based on a reality imposed heavily on Arab societies. Secularism should be taken as a formula for a solution to get rid of all our crises and catastrophes resulting from the dualism of religion with policy.Within these supportive positions, however, secularism not only didn't formulate a political vision to the nature of the state's mechanisms towards religion and believes but a philosophical and epistemic solution, in other words a comprehensive vision to lifeBand policy. While secularism confirms the independency of human thought, it adapts knowledge into practice and determines a distance between mind and intellectual and ideological dogmatic. Scientific mind and knowledge formulate an obsession controlling the positions of movements advocating secularism in Arab thought. Therefore, they began to demand a separation of religion from policy and life as a trend surpassing religious extremism that monopolizes knowledge, a liberal trend adopting secularization and rationalization as a philosophical and intellectual project aiming at rationalizing consciousness and distancing religion from mind by scientific thinking, or a political project aiming at to set aside what is holy from worldly issues; policy and society.This guaranties the neutralism of the state towards religions, and the prevention of religion's dominance on the state or establishing a religious state. Secularism in Europe dictated separation of religion and policy; therefore they avoided sectarian and racial wars, and established tolerance and freedom principles. So, why secularism in Arab homeland can't be established when there are similarities in positions towards religious struggles in Arab homeland? Sectarian struggles that Arabs suffer from are not related to religion as a main factor, but struggles waged under the banner of religion are manipulated by some US - Zionist hands aiming at imposing a political, economic and intellectual guardianship.

الصفحات الاولى:

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

اللغة: العربية

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الاداب - قسم الفلسفة

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الموضوع الدقيق: الفلسفة الحديثة

السنة: 2016

الموضوع العام: الفلسفة

اسم المشرف: عبد الكريم سلمان محمد الشمري

اسم المؤلف: بتول جبار علوان

الحوار العقائدي الاسلامي مع الاخر حتى القرن الخامس الهجري : الامامية والاشاعرة انموذجا

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الملخص:

المستخلص: The constructive and aiming dialogue has a human and moral need in building and reconstructing the ways of life again. It is considered one of the important and effective tools in constructing the valuable human system. This is what the Holy Quran confirmed in the verses. In this research we attempt to reveal the most important beliefs of the other to reveal the doctrinal truth they have and knowing the way it reached them as well as the most important sources from which it absorbed those beliefs Therefore, the research discussed the peaceful dialogue because Islam built its scientific and methodological rules on this solid base depending on the evidences and proofs in defending its beliefs.This study came into an introduction, preface and three chapters in the preface we discussed the aim of making a conversation. In the first chapter knowing the other part and it represented the divine religions and those who have books. In the second we revealed the Imamate school and their methodology and the main conversations that took place with other parts.As for the conclusion it included the following : 1 - through this research we reached that the constructive conversation is one of the methods that cannot be dispensable. Conversation in Islam represent the call for the purpose of reviewing the most important beliefs that Islam called for to make the other understand them.2 - the researcher found a great contradiction in the divine books (bible and Torah ) and they lack compatibility among the texts within each book proving that some have changed the divine rules.3 - the researcher revealed through making conversations with some of Ahlul - Kitab that they do not have one authority from which they take orders. 4 - it has been proven that Quran is superior to other divine books and that Al - Mighty Allah preserved it from change.5 - the true level of religious beliefs of the other has been revealed through the conversations and indicated that their evidences from which they obtain proofs of their beliefs were weak unlike Islam.6 - conversation has an effective positive role in finding solutions through conducting it with the other because it is regarded the weapon to defend the beliefs and ideas.7 - finally, it has been revealed through the research the richness and profoundness of the Islamic beliefs because it is taken from the divine regulations.

الصفحات الاولى:

مكان الجامعة: النجف

اللغة: العربية

الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية الاداب - قسم الفلسفة

الدرجة: ماجستير

الموضوع الدقيق: الفلسفة الحديثة

السنة: 2014

الموضوع العام: الفلسفة

اسم المشرف: ستار جبر حمود الاعرجي

اسم المؤلف: صالح مهدي جابر الظالمي

فلسفة الاخلاق في الفكر العربي المعاصر : نماذج منتخبة Moral philosophy In Contemporary Arabic Thought : Elected Models

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الصفحات الاولى:

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

اللغة: العربية

الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية الاداب

الدرجة: ماجستير

الموضوع الدقيق: الفلسفة الحديثة

السنة: 2011

الموضوع العام: الفلسفة

اسم المشرف: حسين حمود محمد الطائي

اسم المؤلف: كفاح علي عثمان سلطان العيثاوي

الفلسفة السياسية والاجتماعية عند جان جاك روسو : دراسة تحليلية Jean Jack Rousseau Political and Social Philosoply : aralytical study

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الملخص:

الصفحات الاولى:

مكان الجامعة: النجف

اللغة: العربية

الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية الاداب - قسم الفلسفة

الدرجة: ماجستير

الموضوع الدقيق: الفلسفة الحديثة

السنة: 2005

الموضوع العام: الفلسفة

اسم المشرف: حمزة جابر سلطان الاسدي

اسم المؤلف: نزار عبد الامير تركي الغانمي