العلمانية في الفكر العربي المعاصر : سلامة موسى وفؤاد زكريا انموذجا == SECULARISM IN MODERN ARAB THOUGHT : SALAMA MOUSA&FUAD ZAKARIA AS EXAMPLES
Author name:
بتول جبار علوان
Supervisor name:
عبد الكريم سلمان محمد الشمري
General topic:
Philosophy
Specific topic:
Modern Philosophy
Degree:
Doctorate
University:
University of Baghdad - College Of Literature - Department Of Philosophy
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Baghdad
First pages:
02T273 - p.pdf
Abstract:
Secularism is a term that has been widely tackled in Arab thought. At the beginning of the eighteenth century, Arab homeland welcomed all types of culture and thought with which it interacted and took positions and trends. Secularism is one of the most prominent concepts with which Arabs interacted and took a totally rejecting stance.The stance of Islamic movements during the renaissance era was based on rejecting western thought and adherence to authority of religion, on the basis of the privacy and adherence to past. Therefore, secularism was associated with the extremist thought of disbelief, atheism and distance from our society. However, with the sufferings of Arab societies from retardation, social and material defeats against prosperous western culture, and sectarian and racial struggles, and with attempts to associate religion with policy, urgent questions raise, such as : would we reject secularism just because it was originated in the west? Should we blindly adhere to past and the legacy of our ancestors? Or should we deal with secularism as a part of global modernism outcome, which resulted in a remarkable change in thought when the will of man prevailed and dealing with a person changed into a citizen rather than to their religion or sect, and imposed the building of a country, away from religion authority, in which a democracy prevails and in which a citizen is the source of authorities and constitution? Arab pro secularism thinkers' positions, no doubt, took such questions seriously based on a reality imposed heavily on Arab societies. Secularism should be taken as a formula for a solution to get rid of all our crises and catastrophes resulting from the dualism of religion with policy.Within these supportive positions, however, secularism not only didn't formulate a political vision to the nature of the state's mechanisms towards religion and believes but a philosophical and epistemic solution, in other words a comprehensive vision to lifeBand policy. While secularism confirms the independency of human thought, it adapts knowledge into practice and determines a distance between mind and intellectual and ideological dogmatic. Scientific mind and knowledge formulate an obsession controlling the positions of movements advocating secularism in Arab thought. Therefore, they began to demand a separation of religion from policy and life as a trend surpassing religious extremism that monopolizes knowledge, a liberal trend adopting secularization and rationalization as a philosophical and intellectual project aiming at rationalizing consciousness and distancing religion from mind by scientific thinking, or a political project aiming at to set aside what is holy from worldly issues; policy and society.This guaranties the neutralism of the state towards religions, and the prevention of religion's dominance on the state or establishing a religious state. Secularism in Europe dictated separation of religion and policy; therefore they avoided sectarian and racial wars, and established tolerance and freedom principles. So, why secularism in Arab homeland can't be established when there are similarities in positions towards religious struggles in Arab homeland? Sectarian struggles that Arabs suffer from are not related to religion as a main factor, but struggles waged under the banner of religion are manipulated by some US - Zionist hands aiming at imposing a political, economic and intellectual guardianship.
Summary:
02T273 - A.pdf
References:
02T273 - R.pdf
