اسم المؤلف:
علي جبر حمود علي الحميداوي
اسم المشرف:
عبد الله عبد المنعم محمد | جعفر محمد جاسم
المستخلص:
This study included four experiments, two test laboratory experiments and two field experiments. The first experiment involved the use of laboratory quantities of inoculums dose and different periods of fermentation on the local wheat fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Iraqi probiotic and rumen liquor to obtain the best percentage of crude protein with less fiber content between different fermentation methods. The seconds experiment depended of the best results of the first experiment and re - fermentation process with the addition of urea by 2% to provide a source of nitrogen for use by microorganisms to protein syntheses. The first field experiment was to see the effect of substitution of fermented wheat with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Iraqi probiotic and rumen liquor partially or completely replace corn in diets on the productivity of broiler chickens. Digestion experiment was to determine the proportion of digested crude protein and crude fiber in the various diets also conducted. In this experiment 360 unsexed chicks of broiler class (Ross 308) is distributed over eight treatment by 3 replicates per treatment (15 chicks for replicate) as follows. T1 and T2 : diets control with or without antibiotic respectively; T3 and T4 : substitution partial and complete of fermented wheat with Saccharomyces cerevisiae; T5 and T6 : substitution partial and complete of wheat fermented by Iraqi probiotic; T7 and T8 : treatment replace partial and complete rumen liquor fermented wheat. As the second field experiment designed to study the replacement of wheat fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Iraqi probiotic and rumen liquor with urea partially or completely replace corn in diets on the productive performance of broiler chickens as well as digest it conducted a second test after the end of the second field experiment. In this experiment, A 450 chicks were used and distributed over 10 treatments each with three replicates (15 chicks for replicate)Btreatments are : T1 and T2 partial and complete replacing of wheat without urea instead of corn, respectively (controls); T3 and T4 partial and complete replacing of wheat with urea instead of corn, respectively (controls); T5 and T6 partial and complete replacing of wheat fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae with urea instead of corn, respectively; T7 and T8 partial and complete replacing of wheat fermented by Iraqi probiotic with urea instead of corn, respectively; T9 and T10 partial and complete replacing of wheat fermented by rumen liquor with urea instead of corn, respectively. The current studies included the following results : The first laboratory experiment : Fermented wheat by Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the amount of inoculums get 2 gm. - 1 Kg of wheat and 14 days fermentation period the archieved highest percentage in crude protein, followed by treatment of the fermented wheat rumen liquor with the amount of inoculums dose of 4 ml. Kg - 1 wheat and fermentation period of 14 days and then the treatment of Iraqi probiotic fermented wheat 5 gm. Kg - 1 and fermentation period of 21 days to access to 14.64% ,14.43% and 13.59%, respectively, in the treatment of non - fermented wheat recorded of 11.59% crude protein.The second laboratory experiment : The seconds experiment depended three of the best results of the first experiment (Fermented wheat by Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the amount of inoculums get 2 gm. - 1 Kg of wheat and 14 days fermentation period, fermented wheat by rumen liquor with inoculums dose of 4 ml. Kg - 1 wheat and fermentation period of 14 days and fermented wheat by Iraqi probiotic 5 gm. Kg - 1 and fermentation period of 21 days) re - fermentation process with the addition of urea by 2%.CThe first field experience : fermented wheat treatments by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Iraqi probiotic and rumen liquor increased significantly (P≤0.05) the live body weight, total weight gain, accumulative feed intake, economic figure, percentage of bone ash, villi height, ratio of villi height to crypt depth of the intestine, number of red blood cells, percentage of hemoglobin as well as the level of calcium and cholesterol in serum recorded significant decrease in favor of fermentation treatments were favorable results for the benefit of the treatment of substitution of wheat fermented by rumen liquor (T8) significantly (P≤0.05) was showen in protein and fibers digestibility in T7 and T8. While no significant defferances recorded in feed conversion ratio, viability, dressing percentage, organs weight, sensory characteristics, intestinal length and crypt depth were not different among all including the control.The second field experiment : The results showed that there were significant increases in final live body weight, total weight gain of T5, and accumulative feed intake for the T6 group, while T10 recorded the best conversion ratio, also T9 and T10 recorded the best economic figure, dressing percentage, percent of hemoglobin and packed cell volume. and Femur bone. As well as best protein and fibers digestibility were recorded as compared with control. Six treatment was showed the best results in blood serum ELISA titer against for Newcastle disease, infection bursa disease, Avian influenza and Bronchitis while non significant difference showed in viability, gizzard and proventiculus percent
