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جيفارا ودوره العسكري والسياسي والاقتصادي في كوبا 1956 - 1965 == Guevara and His Military and political and Economic role in Cuba 1956 - 1965

Author name: عبد الله مسلم شطب البدري

Supervisor name: عبد الرسول شهيد عجمي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Master

University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Dhi Qar

First pages:

Summary:

References:

موقف الحزب الشيوعي العراقي من القضية الكردية في العراق 1968 - 1979 : دراسة تاريخية == The position of the Iraqi Communist Party From the Kurdish Issue of Iraq (1968 - 1979) )Historical study(

Author name: كاتب محمد غافل الحجامي

Supervisor name: مؤيد شاكر كاظم مخيلف الطائي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Master

University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Dhi Qar

First pages:

Abstract: The Iraqi Communist Party is one of the most prominent Iraqi political parties that played an important role in influencing the course of events in the political arena in Iraq at the beginning of the second half of the thirties of the last century where that period of history saw the emergence of the Kurdish issue is clearly in the policies and the literature of the Communist Party, especially after Barzan events (1943 - 1945) in northern Iraq and its aftermath, and how to deal with successive Iraqi governments, and Anbra the Communist party introduced the appropriate peaceful solutions .The importance of this study comes from the fact that it dealt with a subject of historical, political and social dimensions. At the same time, the Kurdish issue was a prominent event on the political scene and for a long time in the history of modern Iraq. In the royal and republican covenants, and this was reflected in the Kurdish issue itself. The position of the Iraqi Communist Party on the Kurdish issue (1968 - 1979) is worthy of consideration because the Communist Party provided much support and support in many local and international forums.The study was based on the chronology of events while preserving the unity of the topic. The study was divided into four chapters, a conclusion and a set of annexes, as well as the introduction, which aims at clarifying the importance of the thesis and determining its main contents. The first introductory chapter dealt with the period since the establishment of the Iraqi Communist Party (1968 - 1949), the execution of Fahd, secretary of the Communist Party, the development of the relationship between the Communist Party and the Kurdish Movement (KDP) For the period (1958 - 1963) Of the Communist Party of the Kurdish issue and the accompanying armed events in the era of the First Baathist coup and the government of the brothers Aref (1963 - 1968). The second chapter, which we included under the title of the Iraqi Communist Party and its position on the Kurdish issue (1968 - 1973), shed light on several issues in which we discussed the position of the Communist Party on the Kurdish issue (1968 - 1970) and the repercussions of the July 17 coup on the Kurdish issue, Declaration of March 11, 1970 and the declaration of self - rule of the Kurds and the position of the Iraqi Communist Party, the relation of the Communist Party to the Kurdish issue of the period (1971 - 1973) and the accompanying events.The third chapter dealt with the period from the proclamation of the National Front and Progressive Nationalism (July 17, 1973) to the establishment of the Kurdish War in 1974, and the influence of the Baathist Communist Alliance on the Kurdish issue and the deterioration in the relations of the Communist Party with the Kurdish leadership. The position of the Communist Party from the April 1974 - March 1975 war, the reasons for the Algiers agreement and its repercussions on the Kurdish issue, the March 6, 1975 agreement, the collapse of the armed Kurdish movement, and the consequences for the Kurdish issue.The fourth and final chapter, entitled "The position of the Iraqi Communist Party on the Kurdish issue 1975 - 1979", explained the position of the Communist Party for the two years (1975 - 1976) on the Kurdish issue after the Algiers Agreement and the impact of thecollapse of the Kurdish armed movement on the Kurdish parties. The deterioration of the relations between the Ba'th Party and the Iraqi Communist Party by engaging in the National Progressive National Front between the Ba'th Party and the Iraqi Communist Party, the Communists having to resort abroad, the return of the alliance with the Kurdish parties and the adoption of the method of armed struggle for the purpose of overthrowing the Baath regime.The conclusion included the most important findings of the study of scientific results in the light of its contents, as well as the recommendations and proposals that we consider necessary from the point of view of the researcher modest, and we also sought through the annexes to the study to provide the letter with a set of documents and important data of the Iraqi Communist Party and the Kurdistan Democratic Party with a number of Foreign Documents. In his study of the position of the Iraqi Communist Party on the Kurdish issue, the researcher reached the following conclusions : 1 - The Kurdish issue has a clear impact on the programs and thought of political parties, especially in the thought and literature of the Iraqi Communist Party.2. Both the Iraqi Communist Party and the Barati Party have played a large and effective role in highlighting the Kurdish issue and supporting it in obtaining the right of the Kurdish people to attain their national rights.3 - The Kurdish issue has contributed directly or indirectly to the tension of the Iraqi political situation for many years reflected on the economic and social aspects of the Iraqi people and Kurds alike.4. The Kurdish issue will remain a problem unless a peaceful, just and democratic solution is found, unless radical solutions are found that realize the legitimate rights of the Kurds and guarantee Iraq the unity of its land and people.5 - Calling the Communist Party of successive governments not to practice the policy of racial discrimination against the Kurdish people, which will inevitably push him to seek separation from Iraq by any means.From his humble point of view, the researcher suggests some of the recommendations he deems necessary to solve the persistent Kurdish problem in its modern and contemporary history : In order for the Kurdish issue not to come out of scope and the Kurds aremoving toward full separation and dealing with foreign countries, Finally, I put this modest effort in the hands of my professors, members of the discussion committee, to evaluate them and increase their rank in a way that makes them efficient to provide Iraqilibraries as a source of study of Iraq's modern and contemporary history.

موقف الحزب الشيوعي العراقي من القضية الكردية في العراق 1934 - 1968 == The Communist Party's Position on the Kurdish Issue (1934 - 1968

Author name: ابتسام سلمان عطية الغزي

Supervisor name: مؤيد شاكر كاظم مخيلف الطائي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Master

University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Dhi Qar

First pages:

Abstract: The Kurdish issue was one of the most important issues that occupied a large part of the activity of the Iraqi Communist Party, which emphasized its importance and the need to deal with it since the beginning of its establishment in 1934 as one of the most complex issues facing the Iraqi state, and because this issue is of high importance, the Iraqi Communist Party had to determine its position on this issue as one of the most important political parties operating in the Iraqi field at the time.The study consisted of three chapters, an introduction, a conclusion and an appendix. The first chapter, entitled Position of the Communist Party on the Kurdish Question 1934 - 1958, dealt with the Marxist perspective of minorities, the developments of the Kurdish issue until 1934, the position of the Communist Party on partisan life in Iraqi Kurdistan as well as the relations between the Iraqi Communist Party and the Kurdistan Democratic Party until 1958, As for the second chapter, it highlighted the position of the Iraqi Communist Party on the Kurdish issue in the era of Abdul Karim Qasim 1958 - 1963, in which we discussed the position of the communists and Kurds from the July 14 revolution, the role of the Iraqi Communist Party and the Kurdistan Democratic Party in suppressing the movement of Mosul in March 1959, and the rebellion of Rashid Lulan and Abbas Mamand, and the events of Kirkuk, as well as the position of the Iraqi Communist Party from the events of September 1961, and the developments of the crisis in Kurdistan until 1963. The third chapter we have shown in it the position of the party on the Kurdish issue 1963 - 1968, and the study dealt with the position of the Communist Party of the Kurdish issue under the reign of Abdul Salam Arif and the reign of Abdul Rahman Arif until the end of 1968.The Iraqi Communist Party was the only international party that, since its establishment, sought to present solutions and slogans to the issues of nationalities, especially the Kurdish issue, The study found that there is some contradiction in the positions ofthe Iraqi Communist Party, which quickly abandoned the principle of independence of Kurdistan, mentioned in the first statement of the Anti - Colonial Society and investment in the first congress of the Communist Party in 1944,where the slogan of rights and equality was resolved for the Kurds replaced the slogan independence and the word minority instead of the words of the Kurdish people. Hence, the Iraqi Communist Party embarked on a broad national concept, especially after realizing that the British officials sought to exploit the Kurdish issue in their favor and to tamper with the capabilities of the Kurdish people at that time in history of contemporary Iraq.The Communist Party of Iraq stressed the need to give the Kurds their national rights within the framework of Iraqi unity, and opposed the idea of separation. In March 1953, a qualitative change took place in the party's position through the new charter prepared by the secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party Bahaauddin Nuri, in which he called for recognition of the right of separation to the Kurdish people and to ensure the real equality of other national groups. The reason for this change in the position of the party is the arrival of Kurdish figures to the leadership of the Central Committee of the Iraqi Communist Party, but there has been a clear decline in this position because of widespread splits in the ranks of the party, which considered separatism an invitation propagated by the colonial propaganda to divide the unity of the struggle of theArab and Kurdish peoples, And agreed to the autonomy of Iraqi Kurdistan within the Iraqi unity, although he continued to support the Kurdish issue in the years 1963 - 1968 and his criticism of Iraqi governments and his condemnation of its military campaigns against the Kurds and his calls for a peaceful solution instead of military confrontation and sometimes his armed participation with the Kurds against the ruling power, all this comes because of the Communist Party's position and interests, which called for such positions and the influence of the Soviets on its policy and positions as well.

هوراتيو نلسن ودوره العسكري في بريطانيا (1758 - 1805) : دراسة تاريخــــيـــــة == Horatio Nelson and his military role in England (1758 - 1805)

Author name: بيان عبيد زبيدي حسين الخفاجي

Supervisor name: نعيم كريم عجيمي الشويلي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Dhi Qar

First pages:

Abstract: A comprehensive historical study on the personality of the sea was the most important European modern that accompanied the battles of the French Revolution, especially the Navy and left a significant impact in this aspect has been dealt with the personality in several aspects, first the humanitarian side and his life at a young and how he began a small sailor and then graduated until he reached the rank of Admiral Bahri And suffered during that period of health conditions were weak structure and accompanied by loss of sight in one eye and cut off his hand, but all this did not prevent him from continuing to give and lead naval battles and victory in the most difficult positions, Men make history, not vice versa. At the time when there was nothing but their actions, it would make progress when skilled leaders took advantage of the opportunity to change things for the better. That is what we can say about a naval military figure like Nelson and we will shed light on them from all sides Without being isolated between them and the circumstances and variables that surrounded them as it became one of the most prominent features in the history of the English Navy, which has long been described as the first Navy and Lady of the Sea has been a great deal of skill and experience and experience and hardness brought to the peak in terms of numbers and Or was Nelson part of the naval system has added to him and added to it was its name, England, linked to its vessels, which were navigating the sea and open roads to their interests, and formed the real power to which they left, and even enabled them to achieve the influence and economic gains as well as being the main tool To defend the country, its strength lay in its ships, so it is equivalent to the ground force adopted by other European countries and to achieve its goals, it was necessary to assign them to competent leaders. He was at the forefront of those leaders whose public popularity increased and became overwhelming after all his M 1793 - 1805 and has contributed in history to perpetuate his name in a period of time is full of events where he witnessed the Napoleonic Wars, which has long occupied Europe for so long is to be part of those events as making an English illuminated signs for her and himself.The battles fought by the decisive battles in which the great damage to the fleets of European countries has changed a lot of events and still a little remembered sacrificed himself during the Battle of the Trafalgar, The study included an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion with supplements. The first chapter, entitled "The Life of Nelson" (1758 - 1790), which included three aspects of the first years of his life, his birth, his birth and his life within his family, His loss of his mother The second topic discussed his maritime trips and his service in India and his transfer to Central America and then the American War of Independence, while the third topic explained his participation in the campaigns of the colonies since a year ago. 1780 and his participation in the campaign of Saint - Juno - Fort - Garand - Turek and then to peace until the beginning of the wars of the French Revolution.The second chapter deals with the military life of Nelsen from 1790 to 1795 and included four topics. The first topic discussed the beginning of the French - English conflict since the beginning of the French Revolution and the conflict with Spain aboutThe third chapter was a continuation of Nelson's military tournaments, which was titled The Naval Battles of 1796 - 1797. It included three explanations, one of which explained the changes in Admiralty and the withdrawal of the English fleet from the Mediterranean, while the second section presented the Battle of Saint Vincent, The plans for which and the results of it and the beginning of the brightness of the star during which we learned the subject to the rebellion of the English fleet in the port of Speethide and the impact on events between the French and English fleet and the emergence of the idea of France to invade England, Light on the Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife in 1797 and it has suffered damage during the battle marked by the defeat of his hand and back to London.The fourth chapter, entitled Victory to the End (1798 - 1805), included five questions, the first of which was how he returned to the sea in 1798 and the battle of the Nile, his leadership and his role in it. He also explained the reasons for this battle and its start and the positive results. The third topic explained his transition to service in the fleet of the Canal in the Baltic and the Battle of Copenhagen 1801 causes and results and the dissolution of the League of Armed neutrality, while the presentation of the subject The fourth plan of defense of England against French affiliation in 1801 and the role of Nelson, and then return to service in the Mediterranean and his leadership of the fleet in 1803 - 1804, while the fifth section of the battle of the legion 1805 causes and resulting satisfactory results of the English side and death Where we live.

مدينة الناصرية منذ 1869 - 1921 : دراسة تاريخية == The city of Nasiriyah from 1869 - 1921 Historical study

Author name: مسلم عوض مهلهل الخزعلي

Supervisor name: مؤيد شاكر كاظم مخيلف الطائي | علي حسين الاسماعيلي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Dhi Qar

First pages:

Abstract: The study of the local history of the cities of Iraq is a historical necessity. In order to shed light on this important and bright historical chapter in the study of the local history of its cities, this study of Nasiriyah came as this city has historical roots and is worthy of study and attention. But it did not receive a scientific academic study, while we find that the depth of civilization and its heritage of science and intellectual dictates to us a lot of effort and giving in writing the history of this city, especially during the period (1869 - 1921), which has undergone historic transformations and important political events, The Presbyterian L And the establishment of administrative units as well as the variables of international policy that came under the occupation of Britain to live under the table, and began the history of resistance against the occupier at the time it became called the House of Jihad after To be called the Mujahid Mujahid Muhammed Muhammad Said al - Haboubi as the Mujahideen sat in their folds to launch their convoys to resist the occupier in the battle of Shuaiba, and this historical importance of the city on the political side, as for the economic and social situation was not less ah Mia before it, which took the first economic position in the brigade after the city occupied the economic status through the river and maritime trade as a mode of transport between the cities of the south and center and the north, and on the other hand, we find the social side of this city floating to the surface is full of poetic and intellectual, A class of bourgeoisie and merchants who took over the management of the city's commercial affairs.The research was divided into four basic chapters, followed by the preparation of a set of appendices as well as the introduction of the importance of study and the development of frameworks to determine their content and conclusion. The conclusions of the thesis showed a summary in English.The preface to give a geographical overview of the nature of the region and a historical glimpse of the city, which was founded on the legacy of the ancient civilization and in the prelude to the political conflicts that have already been founded on the city of the Presbyterian side and with the Ottoman government on the other.The first chapter of the study was devoted to the establishment of the city of Nasiriyah in 1869 and the subsequent circumstances of the establishment, where we discussed the personality of Prince Nasser Pasha Al - Saadoun and a course in the establishment of the city conditions that approved the establishment stage. The second section, which highlighted the political developments towards the deceased in the era of Medhat Pasha, who established the guardian of Iraq that the establishment of the city, and what are the most important events that accompanied the stage of incorporation at the time came the third section to show the objective reasons for the establishment of the city and what is the grandeur of that establishment and the importance of political, economic and social matter for the side Eight of the fourth chapter of the chapter was a reflection of the families that lived in the city during the establishment, which played an important role in the management of public life.In the second chapter of the study of the general conditions of the city of Nasiriyah after the establishment to shed light in the first section on the administrative structure of the city and the most important formations and laws that worked to organize life in the city through the introduction of administrative units.The third chapter is devoted to highlighting the city of Nasiriyah in the late Ottoman period and the beginning of the First World War in 1914 to study the developments and conditions that plagued the city. The first topic was the British attitudes towards the region. It shows the British ambitions before the war and the policy followed by the British government before intervening with the tribes. The second topic explains the circumstances of the First World War 1914 in the city of Nasiriyah, entering a new phase of domination and injustice, as was the city of Dar al - Jihad to stand up and address the occupier and the resistance against him, while the third section came the city of Nasiriyah The repercussions of the British occupation Here the city enters the framework of the occupation officially and lives in a state of stability not to mention the role of its children at this critical stage and the difficulty of the situation for the people of the city, and also the fourth section of the secret conference of officers in the city and they seek to establish a national government and independent military establishment and seek the British side in that. The fourth chapter, which shed light on the most important events in the city under the city of Nasiriyah under the British occupation 1915 - 1921 was the first section, which illustrates the resistance of the sons of Nasiriyah and tribes against the British presence and the most important battles fought by the tribes on the outskirts of the city, Nasiriyah through working on the establishment of the State Departments in accordance with the interests required and required by their actions, and worked on the appointment of officers and political rulers in accordance with a systematic policy and give positions to loyalists without consideration of the interests of the city, Of the city of Nasiriyah under the British administration focused on the process of laying the foundations and the foundations of the British administration through the establishment of devices in the service of the establishment of the Shabana, ie, the police from the tribes and they are playing the role of maintaining security as well as work on the establishment of municipal departments, health and education and lightning, The third stage to highlight the role of the city of Nasiriyah from the revolution of the twentieth and it reveals the extent of the suffering suffered by the people until the people rose up with a revolution in spite of the results that were not within the military ambition and lack of success in the City at the time was the coronation of the king of Iraq, the result of this revolution and the positions of the sons of the city from the coronation process.The conclusion summarized the main findings of the study in the light of its contents, and we worked in annexes to document statistics and maps related to the history of the city of Nasiriyah.Before the establishment of the city of Nasiriyah, the Emirate of Al - Mustafir witnessed a state of clandestine and tribal conflict. It was managed by the Ottoman administration to weaken its status and military strength as it represented a danger and a source of concern for the Ottoman government, as well as supporting one side without the other. On collection taxes easily.The establishment of the city of Nasiriyah, carrying a political side as well as other aspects of its economic and social contrary to what has been circulated, because it came personal desire or a result of bargaining, and the Ottoman authorities aimed to bring a new policy in the region as a result of developments and has also weakened the authority of the Church through The number of symbols of the tribal and restrict the cities, and then replace the Presbyterate function, which is Sheikh subordinate to the authority in contrast to the former, as well as the resettlement of tribes in a region defined geographically for control while being outside the will of the government and this is what happened after the decision to settle tribes and impose Guan The recruitment and dispossession of lands intended to subject all to power.The city witnessed armed resistance continued against the British side of its arrival to the city of Baghdad, which led to the depletion of the efforts of their sons to take into account the city from the British side, especially the imposition of economic siege on the people of the city.The institutions of the state began to appear even if only by the British administration of the city of Nasiriyah when the police and the rest of the state institutions.The people of the city had a prominent role in the revolution of the twentieth and stand in the face of the British occupation and meet the call of reference in Jihad for two phases in Shuaiba and the Revolution of the twentieth

سعود الفيصل ودوره في السياسة الخارجية السعودية حتى عام 1989 == Saud Al - Faisal And his role in Policy Foreign Saudia Even Year 1989

Author name: وائل ناصر حسين الاسماعيلي

Supervisor name: عبد الرسول شهيد عجمي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Master

University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Dhi Qar

First pages:

Abstract: Some political figures have had significant impact on their successes both at home and abroad, but foreign policy is of paramount importance because of the high profile of international relations that benefits their countries and earns a global reputation. And an international stand which then qualifies it to manage the various crises and to search for its solution and lead its parties to ensure that they have the role of the mentor, planner and player in the basis of imposing his will on everyone. Therefore, achieving this is not easy and requires the external affairs of each country to have a foreign minister with extraordinary qualifications, able to map the foreign policy of his country. This may apply to the subject of the study, Saud al - Faisal.We divided the study into an introduction, five chapters and a conclusion. The researcher touched on the first chapter of the biography of Prince Saud al - Faisal since his birth, his studies, his studies and his series in the positions until he became a foreign minister in 1975. Prince Saud al - Faisal began his work in the ministry on October 13, In 1975, to start his journey in the Saudi Foreign Ministry to continue for forty years.The second chapter was titled : The Rise of Saudi Arabia's Role in the Arab World and the Efforts of Saud al - Faisal to End the Lebanese Civil War and Follow - up the Palestinian Cause 1975 - 1989. The first topic dealt with the emergence of the Saudi role in the Arab arena and the weakness of the Egyptian role. The third was the follow - up of Saud al - Faisal to the Palestinian cause from 1975 - 1989, through the Saudi interest in Jerusalem and the Palestinian issue 1975 - 1978, and the position of the Saudi Foreign Ministry on the Camp David Accords (1978 - 1979). , As well as the efforts of S. Dr. Faisal in support of the Palestinian cause 1980 - 1989 .The third chapter deals with how the Saudi foreign affairs deal with some issues related to Saudi security , beginning with the Yemeni issue, which posed a serious threat to the Saudi - Yemeni border, 1975 - 1989, and the Saudi support for North Yemenagainst the South. The second topic highlighted the issue of security of the Arabian Gulf in foreign policy practices Saudi Arabia, through the importance of the security of the Arabian Gulf in the Saudi thinking, as well as the Arab projects for the security of the Arab Gulf 1975 - 1980, including the Riyadh Declaration 1975, the First Muscat Conference 1976, the Second Muscat Conference 1977 , The Saudi position on the Iraqi - Iranian war 1980 - 1988, represented by Saud al - Faisal's vision of the developments of the Iran - Iraq war 1980 - 1981, as well as the efforts of Saud al - Faisal in establishing the Gulf Cooperation Council 1981, after sensing the Iranian threat to the security of the Persian Gulf, The great role of Prince Saud al - Faisal in ending the Iran - Iraq War 1982 - 1988, which was identified through his visits to Baghdad and Tehran, as well as the multiple meetings with the Secretary - General of the United Nations and success in his efforts through the issuance of United Nations resolutions to stop the war start with issuance of 598, And others .The fourth chapter bore the title : The role of Saud al - Faisal in the directions of Saudi foreign policy towards the regional countries (Iran and Turkey). The first topic on the Saudi foreign affairs and Iran came from the convergence of divergence 1975 - 1989 , The second topic focused on Saudi - Turkish relations in light of regional changes 1975 - 1989 , beginning with the 1973 oil crisis and its impact on the Turkish orientation towards the Persian Gulf until 1979, as well as the Turkish position on the Iranian revolution and its repercussions on the Saudi - Turkish relations, and then on Turkey's position on the 1979 Camp David Agreement and its relationship with Israel. Finally, the Turkish position on the Iran - Iraq war and its impact on the continuation of cooperation between Saudi Arabia and Turkey 1980 - 1989 .Chapter 5 : The leadership of Saud al - Faisal explained to the Saudi foreign policy toward the major countries (the United States and the Soviet Union), through issues of common interest in the field of foreign work, points of convergence and differences in dealing with both countries, and then the conclusion sources .The study reached the conclusion that Prince Saud al - Faisal was a difficult figure for Saudi diplomacy, and continued in his meetings and meetings with officials to solve the problems of the region and the world, and realized what to deal with the Arab and international problems, he was able to keep his country from entering into any war, For his important role in highlighting Saudi Arabia externally and as the most important party in the overall details of the region and the world .

تيمور بختيار ودوره السياسي في ايران 1914 - 1970 == Role in Iran Teimour Bukhtiar and his political ( 1970 - 1914 )

Author name: حبيب عمران جادر الاعاجيبي

Supervisor name: عباس حسين مجيسر الجابري

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Master

University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Dhi Qar

First pages:

Abstract: The region has seen a lot of political developments, came to the attention of academic institutions in the study of contemporary history of Iran in the recent period, particularly the study of contemporary political figures for the study of these figures showed the need for further studies to provide a clear - dimensional image on those characters and the circumstances that have passed And that person is a historic event maker, and understand the nature of his character is necessary to understand the course of events, composition and causes, because the creation of history is a continuum with each interconnected other cannot understand studying its roots and find out the hidden factors behind the composition, especially if the event was associated with the character of what, Timor Bakhtaran, one of the personalities that have left scars evident in the contemporary history of Iran, the study consists of an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion , the first chapter with, political Iran 1 4 1 included the study of developments in the year AH, a - ,a V Dement study Constitutional revolution, which is one of the most prominent events Seah in Iran and the subsequent political events until 4111 and then continued in this chapter, the birth and Genesis Timor Bakhtiar and 1 personal qualities 4 and the evolution of his political activity until . the second chapter is under the title of the military and political role of Timor Bakhtiarah . The role of Timor Bakhtiarah militare in the creation of North and South Iran is to eliminate the secessionist ,movements in Iran and its political role in ending my governments credibility and its political role in ending the Tudeh party and on the its rulings on the organization of tow Fedayeen Islam and ending the government Zahedi . the third chapter dealt with Timor Bakhtiar and the SAVAC 1962 through his role in the establishment of the SAVAK and the American and Israeli role in establishing the SAVAK and Ray Timur Bakhtiar in the political life in Iran and dismissal of Takhim Bakhtiar the SAVAK after his travel to the United States . The fourth chapter is entitled "the Journey of Timor Bakhtiarah" to Iran from 1962 to Europe in 1917

الملك ادريس السنوسي ودوره السياسي في ليبيا (1952 - 1969) == King Idris AL_Senussi and His Political Role in Libya (1952 - 1969

Author name: ايمان جميل صخيل العكيلي

Supervisor name: مهند عبد العزيز عطية الازيرجاوي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Master

University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Dhi Qar

First pages:

Abstract: This study discusses King Idris al - Senussi and his political role in Libya from 1952 to 1969. The importance of this study is that it documents an important period in the history of modern Libya, the period of the monarchy. Many of the mysterious historical facts of King Idris al - Senussi are revealed through a period of wisdom. The first chapter contains the policy of King Idris al - Senussi from 1952 to 1963. If this chapter clarifies the role of the king in the internal events witnessed by Libya in this period, if there were differences and competition between the Libyan states, and the king's decision to transform the regime from a monarch to a republican. This period also witnessed the establishment of the Libyan army. The second chapter includes the role of King Idris and his policy in Libya since 1964 until the coup of the first of September 1969, if there occurred during this period strong events shook the Libyan monarchy because of the student demonstrations that started from several Libyan cities and clashed with the Libyan forces and killed a large number of However, with the wisdom of Mahmmud al - Montaser, he managed to calm the atmosphere for some time. The third chapter includes the role of King Idris in Libya's foreign relations with the major powers Britain and the United States. France and Turkey, where King Idris had a very strong relationship with Britain and America, because he considered the existence of good relations with them protect the monarchy from the nationalist tendencies prevalent in that period. France did not welcome the king because of its arbitrary behavior towards the countries of the Maghreb, and Algeria. The fourth chapter deals with the role of King Idris al - Senussi in Libya's relations with the Arab countries, especially Egypt and Iraq, as well as his position on the Arab issues during that period, namely the Palestinian issue and the Algerian issue. This chapter doal with extensively about the king's role in these relations, And the islands, especially with Egypt because of differences in the directions of Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser Nationalism with the directions of King Idris, also addressed the position of the King of the Algerian issue, which was strongly supported by the King and strong support completely different from his position on the Palestinian issue.The main conclusions arrived at in this study are : That King Idris had a very large role in the independence of Libya as a result of taking support from Britain, as well as had a role in the events faced by Libya, both internal and external during the period of wisdom. He was often pressured successive ministries and threatened to resign from the government if taken a decision contrary to alliances with Britain and America, and he was afraid of extending the national ideas of Nassiriyah to his country, but he could not prevent these ideas from reaching the Libyan people, the Egyptian presence was very strong and present, which led to the end of the coup of the first of September 1969, King Idris al - Senusi ruled and the era of Republic began Led by First Lieutenant Muammar Gaddafi.

العلاقات السياسية بين تونس وطرابلس الغرب خلال العهد القرمانلي (1711 - 1835) == The political Relations between Tunisi and Triploli during the Era Qarmanly (1711 - 1835

Author name: منال عاشور شذر الزيدي

Supervisor name: علي حسين نمر الاسماعيلي

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Master

University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Dhi Qar

First pages:

Abstract: The establishment of the Husseini family in Tunisia (1705) and the Qarmanian in Tripoli (1711) , gave both Tunisia and Tripoli shape of the personality of the nation - state in the modern sense with nominative name under the framework of the Ottoman state , The political and administrative situation was less than independence at that time. It was run by two local national governments , their political , anministrative and military establishment were local and Arabic was their offieial languge alongside Turkish . . Athesis , consists of introduction , four chapters and conclusion , each chapter involved two sections . The chapter one involved to study the political situations in Tunisia and the Tripoli before and after the Spanish occupation ,the section one explained the situation of Tunisia and Tripoli during the Spanish occupation white the section two explained the Ottoman control over Tunisian and Tripoli . The chapter two involed the relations Tunisia - Tripoli during the period of local governments and the situation of the Ottoman government and Europeans from (1759 - 1711) . The Section one explained the Husseini family control over, Tunisia (1705) and the Qarmanian family on Tripoli (1711), while the section two explained the French situation from the political of AL .Hussein bin Ali and Ali basha in Tuinisa , and the political of Mohammed AL.Qarmanianly in Tripoli. . The chapter three in volved the political developments (1795 - 1759) . the section one explained the studing of the developments in both Tunisia and Tripoli while the section two involed the control Ali Bourghil on Tripoli (1795 - 1792). The chapter four involved the relations . Tunsia Tripoli (1835 - 1795) the section one explained the relations between yousif Qarmanianly and bayats of Tunisia , while the section two involved the events of civition war in Tripoli (1835 - 1832) . The conelusion involved the mian results of the study that the historieal events contributed in the erlations between Tunisia and Tripoli. . As for the relations Tunisia - Tripoli were involved interconnection bonds between them clearly.

Author name: كاظم دويخ صبيح

Supervisor name: عباس حسين مجيسر الجابري

General topic: History

Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Dhi Qar

First pages:

Abstract: The study of The Intellectual Trends in Iran (1905 - 1979) - which is the timeframe for our scholarly study - fall within one of , or rather the most, important links in the contemporary history of Iran. For it addresses the bulk of contemporary period falling between Constitutional and Islamic revolutions, passing through all eventful and transitional periods of political life in Iran. Besides, the inflow of diverse Western ideas into Iran including that of Liberalism, Nationalism, Socialism, as well as that of progressive Islamic ideas with which various segments of Iranian society have interacted which helped generated afterwards Islamic parties, organizations and associations that have rumbled on Iranian political scene. Hence, the researcher’s choice of the subject matter. He aimed at finding out the historical truth behind the evolution and practices of those schools of thought, investigating all data and information that reflect their intellectual structures along with other studies in order to complete the historical picture or scene of that significant stage of contemporary history of Iran. The study has been organized in an Introduction, five Chapters and a Conclusion. Chapter One presents the economic, social, political and cultural structures and transformations experienced by the Iranian society starting off from the last decades of the nineteenth century down to the end of the period at which this study concludes. For those structures and transformation are of great importance to take stock of the circumstances through which the then society has been going that allowed Western ideas to flow into and spread across Iran. Besides, they would pave the way for demonstrating how those Western ideas found its way in and rolled into the Iranian nation. As for Chapter Two, it deals with the liberal intellectual movement and its evolution in Iran along with the Constitutional Revolution, which represented the first real experience of the liberals through which they were able to lay down the liberal practices on democratic foundations, as exemplified in restricting the king’s power, enacting the constitution and establishment of the parliament. we then go over the development process of the liberals starting from the First World War until the coup against Mossadeq and their oscillating relationships with Reza Shah. The Chapter also presents the most prominent liberal thinkers, liberal political organizations, and the most important issues raised by the liberals.In Chapter Three, dedicated to the national trend, we dealt with religious and national distribution of population in Iran. The Chapter explores also the factors that helped the national trend to rise and develop in Iran represented by several revolutionary movements such as (Nehzat - e Jangal “Forest movement”, Semco, Sheikh Mohammed Al Khiabani ), as well as political movements that took place by the end of World War II in the regions of Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Arabstan. The Chapter finally touches on the nationalist parties and organizations in Iran, and the efforts of each one of them towards the pro - autonomy and establishment of independent republics of Azerbaijan and Mahabad.Chapter Four discusses the topic of intellectual Marxist trend and follows up on its evolution and activities under the dictatorship of Reza Khan. The Chapter, then, covers the most prominent Marxist thinkers, and Marxist political organizations highlighting their positions at both national and international levels. Chapter Five, which is the final chapter of the study, is concerned with the topic of Islamist intellectual trend (Shiite ideology) in terms of its foundation and evolution, and tracks afterwards its evolving process over the period (1905 - 1941), in light of its interaction with Western concepts infiltrated into the country. The Chapter explores also the religious establishment, its different views on the constitutional revolution, and then the Shiite Islamic thought during the period (1963 - 1979). The Chapter turns to investigate the Shiite Islam during the years (1963 - 1979) represented by the rise of Imam Khomeini on the political scene and his leadership of the Islamo - fundamentalist renewal from whitin the religious establishment. The Chapter then goes on to present the most prominent thinkers of the Islamic revolution, and the evolution of political Islamic organizations, and the most prominent positions and issues that they put forward. As for the main conclusions drawn from the study following a careful analysis of the facts contained in its five chapters, they are : The liberal trend has contributed significantly throughout the contemporary history of Iran in highlighting national thought and drawing the attention of the people of Iran towards the prospects for freedom and independence away from colonial powers and their meddling in Iran's internal affairs. All this in turn pushed to the outbreak of revolutions in the country, such as the Tobacco Revolution, Constitutional Revolution and the Nationalization of the oil industry. This trend also played a role, along with others, in the success of the Islamic revolution in 1979.As for the national movement, it has been destined to be short - lived in the Iranian state, for there was a lack of cultural and social atmosphere that might have helped it to survive and thrive. Besides, the idea of nationalism is a Western import and thus was not derived from within the conscience of Iranian society. Moreover, Iranian nationalism was not preceded by social and economic reforms necessary to establish a comprehensive renaissance as it was the case for Western nationalism.The Marxist trend has been reduced to the Tudeh Party and some small radical parties. Even though the party has an organization structure, educated cadres, and practices of different political activities spread out across the country as well as a remarkable press network, the party did not take advantage of all those factors as required; the party has the least impact on the course of political and social events in Iran.As to the Islamic trend, that is taken root in the Iranian society, the then prevailing circumstances forced it to take a defensive position of Islam as a valid way of life, especially given that the responsibility of underdevelopment whose its consequences experienced by the Iranian society at the time were being rested with Islam.Following the anti - Mossadeq coup in 1953, the Islamic trend has prevailed political and social scenes starting off and establishing the notion of Islamic Revolution led by Imam Khomeini in 1979, and applying the velayat - e faqih (The Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist), which took the Shiite Islam to the farthest it can dig back, namely, the Islamic Government.