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طرق التكوين الاساسية لاطلس محافظة البصرة الزراعي : دراسة خرائطية

Author name: مها دحام عبد الرضا السامر
Supervisor name: مصطفى عبد الله محمد السويدي | بشرى رمضان ياسين
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

تصنيف بعض اراضي منطقة البصرة : دراسة في الجيومورفولوجيا التطبيقية

Author name: صباح عبود عاتي
Supervisor name: تغلب جرجيس داود
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This thesis is concerned with the study of the Land 111 Classii'ication of part of Basrah District, applied Geomorph - f,1 ological Approach. The study area lies between lai tuds 0° 20 - - 31° BN & longj)itude 47°E, to Shat - Al - Arab RiverIi from the east bounded by Qurna in the North and Abu - Al - Khaseeb ii in the South. The area is extended from Hor Al - Hammar in the north to Khur Al - Zubeir in the south. Air photos, topoi ~. graphic maps and field checkes revaled that the - a.. - "N : !a could be ciassii'ied to eight land Systems as folJ.o1 - Natural Levees of Shatt Al - Arab.2 - Al - Hartba Land System.3 - Ho.. - Al - Hammar Land System.4 - Hai Al - Shuhadaa Land System.5 - Al - Zubair Land System. u·111 - The.i.ow land of Burgesia Land System.Al - Subkha Land System.8 - Arte.wee Land System.These land Systems have diffe~ent phisicai properties soil texture, percentage of clay minerals, soil PH, So, soditun ion exchange and Salinity.• The study of the area has shown that these variations ;in those elements due the different geomorphological processes : which effected the area. The Zubair land system is formedfrom Alluvial deposits and affected by deflation and denudation while Artawee Land System represent afluvial 'l!deposits of ancient running water. The Hur Al~Hslll!ll8.r formation is part of Marshes and moor lands lie in the Southern part of Iraq. The Natural Levee of Shatt - Al - Arab formed from suspended material carried by the river. Eartha ladd system forever is affected by the flood of Hur Al - Ha~r and Shatt Al - Arab and is formed.by Fluvial Flood plain. Hai Al - Shuhadaa represent the effect ion fresh water deposits on one hand, and by sediments from the Arabian Gul.t during I' the high Tide. It has been found that the high percent or Salinity end gypsum formation are the main elements of salt weathering in the area.The extent and rate of the geomorphological processes are affected by two types : - l. Dry weather and high temperature, so as the salts in solution are drawn up vmrds by capila : rry action and deposits in the upper horizons of the land, especially in Hartha landsystem, the margines of Hur Al - Hammar, the Hai Al - Shuhadaa and Artawee formations. ' The area is also affected by natural subsidense due to the earth staticts process which causes the subsidense of Deltatic area in the southern parts of Mesopotamian plane in Iraq.This plane is fulled up by deposi.. carried by the Tig : ris, Euplu?ates and their tributaries in : addition to the aealian deposits which is thought to be (l,750m3) million and caused t~e high percentage of clllY minerals montmorillon;te type, Silt and gypsum in the flood plain, v1h : t - : : e the quartz and non clay minerals become higher in the western parts of the area. 2. Human interfeJ."ence, where the land is an old civilization area, many civilized construction, had bui.ld up in the area, like rivers and canals used in irrigation processes from ancient times, which caused the aalinimation of the soil, on the other hand, man has constructed some dams at the margins of Hur - Al - Hammar as a mean !or draining the area and reclamation or the dam which was constructed !rom Basrah to use as railways. This dam has prevented the fresh water of the Hur to flood over the area, and exceeds the effects of the Arabian Gulf water to pentrate through it. These reasons revealed that the area become under the influence of high degree of salt weathering which attacts the concrete formation in one hand and lowering the agricult111' 9 capability on the other hand. So the area cound be classified for land use to four c1asses with minor ones.l. Land with minor limitation good for agriculture and civil construction i.e. Natural Levee Land System. 2. Lands with moderate limitation for agriculture and civil construction.3. Lands with moderate sever limitation restrict its use in pasture, agriculture, civil constructions.Lands with extremely sever limitation cannot be used for Human activity. However, the study has revealed that. the area could be [i face in future some problems mainly :

جمهورية اليمن الديمقراطية الشعبية الخصائص الجيوبوليتيكية للموقع الجغرافي واثرها في علاقاتها الدولية

Author name: خلف راجح جيناوي المالكي
Supervisor name: عبد الحميد عبد المجيد القيسي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The coru : lusi.on that the study came out with i~; the significance that the geographical location envoys, lwt.11 011 th., n•ylortMl 1u1d 1.11.. IHUI l\1 AIJ 1..,,v.,I du.. D111mocr.. tic v..... m. For 1 : 11.. intpr - nAtlfHo.~l JJO~IFff"I i'ln~ u...beneficiaries of the geographical location to achieve its strategic and political interests. This has its own reperoussions on Democratic Yamen where it has been partitional into two.Moreover, its has negative infuences on its relations with the neighbouring collntries. All have negative ingluences on national secur i ti. - .This study falls within the field of political geography for it deals with the geopolitical features of the geographical location of the Democratic Republic of Yamen. In order to give prominence to the influence on : 1 - Rise of the state and its development.2 - Nature of the political situation.3 - International Relations The study includes ·{or chaptersChapter one studies the yeographic : al c : ont!lilnte of the geographical location comparing it with elements of power in the state. Chapter two includes the. idea of the state, and the factors of its valuation throuhg studying the tribal tendency, the British policy, and the National movements.Chapter three studies the political situation in tha mtata and the most important political events. This is done through the sutdy of the historical roots of the, ruling political organization and its internal relations.Chapter four studies the international relation of the damccratic republic of Ya.men and the influencing factors, this is studied on two levels.

النقل بالسيارات على الطرق الخارجية في محافظة البصرة : دراسة في جغرافية النقل == Transportation By Automobile On The Highways In Basrah Governorate A Study In Transport Geography

Author name: اسعد عباس هندي الاسدي
Supervisor name: حميد غالب عجيل السكيني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This thesis aims at studying the subject of the transportation by automobile on the highways in Basrah Governorate in 2000 concerning its increase of population, direction, the motives behind its ~ motions,1 and the capacity of these ways to contain this motion.This study is necessary because of the strategic importance of Basrah for its vital geographical position, high density of population and for, having different economic activities. Moreover, Basrah is regarded as the only Iraqi harbour occurring at the Arab Gulf thatmakes it the only path for the lraqi foreign trade through the see... etc. And. due to the significance of automobiles in the process of transportation, this study is conducted to know the range of the automobile's capacity to carry people and goods from Basrah to the other governorate and vice versa. This is know the ability of this kind of transportation to contain this motion and the need to be developed in order to be in a suitable level for present and future activities. This thesis consists of five chapters. The fist chapter deals with he development of the land transportation in Basrah concentrating mainly on the transportation by automobiles. The second one deals with the 1study of the effects of the environmental and human factors on the transportation by automobiles on the highways in Basrah. The third chapter studies the motion of the vehicles on the highways in Basrah. It consists of two sections. The first one deals with the study of the motion of vehicles on the northern and southern highways. - The second section deals with the study of the motion of vehicles on the eastern and western highways. Many observation points have been chosen on the highways for three hours daily and for several days. The fourth chapter deals with the study of the motion of buses on the highways in Basrah. It consists of two sections. The first deals with the motion of buses on the notihern and southern highways. The second deals with the motion of buses on the eastern and western highways. The fifth chapter sheds light on the study of future development in the transportation by automobiles on the highways in 13asrah and what might develop the transportation by automobiles during the next decade.It is concluded through out the study that the motion of the transportation by automobiles on the highways is in a continual shooting up in comparison with the last decades. Moreover, it is found that the motion of the transportation by automobiles on the westernhighways occupies the first position in accordance with the density, followed by the motion on the northern highways, while the motion on the southern highways occupies the third position and lastly the ,, motion on the eastern highways stands in the fourth position in accordance with the motion of the passing automobiles through these ways.

التغلغل الصهيوني في افريقيا بعد بدء ما يسمى بعملية السلام : دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية == The Zionist Penetration On Africa After The So - Called Peace Process A Study In Political Geography

Author name: هاشم كاظم صبيخي الربيعي
Supervisor name: جواد صندل جازع البدران
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

الموارد المائية في حوض وادي سردود : دراسة في جغرافية الموارد المائية == Aquatic Resources In Wadi Surdud Basin Astudy In The Geoqraphy Of Aquatic Resources

Author name: ماجد احمد عبد الله الورد
Supervisor name: ماجد السيد ولي محمد العلي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The researcher arrived at the following conclusions concerning water resources in the basin of wadi (valley) surdud : 1. It is situated to the west of the capital San' a between lont,>titudes of 42.30 - 44.00 to the east and latitudes 15.00 - 15.40 to the north. It is an arid and semi - arid area.2. The area of the basin of the wadi is 2846.7 Km2. Topographically, this wadi is divided in to two sections. The first section is the coastal plain, which is characterized by being dilated with some inclination towards the Red Sea. The second section is the eastern heights of the basin of the wadi, which contain mountains of very steep slopes. These mountains reach height of more than 3000 meters.3. The climate in the wadi is not equable for example, temperature is high (43.3 C0 ) in the coastal plain area in July where as it decreases on the peaks of the mountain slopes to reach 22.7C0 in the same time of the year.4. The soil of the wadi, along the whole water path, is almost alluvial thick because of the flood deposits where as it is a mixture in the southern and northern parts of the wadi. 5. Vegetation cover is poor in the coastal plain of the wadi because of the dry climatic conditions and grass is dominating.6. The basin of the wadi is nearly triangle and its shape coefficient is 0.26.7. Relief rate in the wadi is 35.2 111/km.8. River grading ranks in the wadi arc six with 2449 downstream.9. The meandering rate in the wadi is l.43. This means that the wadi is zigzagged.10. Drainage types in the wadi are the tributary and the perpendicular.11. Underground water is almost every where in the basin of the wadi and it is easy to take out especially in the plain area.12.Underground water in the wadi is supplied by filtration from the bottom of the wadi. From running rain water and from irrigation surplus. 13.The depth where underground water is found in the wadi ranger from l 0 to 30 meters and it increases to more than SO meters in the area of the alluvial soil.14.The total rate ?fwater taken out from artesian and manually - digged wells is 133 x 106 m3/r.15.Water in the basin of wadi surdud is appropriate for different uses in terms of UN and WHO criteria.16.Number of population of the basin of the wadi is about 380.000. 17. Water needs for domestic purposes is 1S.200.00 liter /day.18. The total area of the land irrigated by water of wadi surdud is 33.000 hectares and the total water consumption is 1295.000 m3 /r. 19.The main crops in the wadi are cereals, vegetable and fruit.20.Livestock in the wadi is 250.000 in number and it consumes water of 760.500 m3/r.21. Water balance in the wadi is achieved by summation of the available surface and underground water and it is estimated to be 202 million m3/r.Total water need is 145.460.000 m3/r.

القارية والمحيطية في مناخ العراق بتاثير المسطحات المائية المحيطة به

Author name: كرامة ناجي عبود
Supervisor name: عبد الاله رزوقي احمد كربل
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: There were many geographical as well as climatical studies that were devoted to tudy diffrent climatic elments , factors and phenomena in Iraq.However, few of them gave the subject of the degree ofContinentality & Oceanity in Iraq climate and factors by which it was affected the erequired attention.The present study intends to estimate the effect(s) of the five seas surround Iraq namely Black sea,Red sea,Mediterranean sea, Capsin sea and the Arabian gulf, on the degree of Cotintenentality & Oceanity in Iraq climate.The main aim of this study ,in conjunction with the above ,is to find a regional distribution patteren according to the degree of Continentality & Oceanity in different parts of the country and to notify up to what degree this distribution agree with the climatic regions obtained throughout the application of a number of standar climatic classifications.Data relied in this study was collected from a fifteen meterological stations spreading along the whole Iraqi land. these include : ZAKHO , SALAHADDIN , SULAyYMN~IYA , MOSUL, KIRK.UK, BAIJI, KHANAQEEN , ANAH , RUTBA , BAGHDAD , NAJAF , HAI , AMARA, NASIRIY A and BASRAH for asmall climatic cycle of eleven years in the period from 1980 - 1990.Asceintific background of this topic was attempted in chapter one which consist of three sections : the first one used to define the Continentality & Oceanity concept.Mathimatical equations and expressions used to determine the Continentality & Oceanity and the corresbonding standar climatic classifications are intended in the second section. A topographical study for the five seas mentioned before , and thier climatic influences on Iraq , is conducted in section three.A detailed analysis and discussion of various climatic elements and factors such as air temprature, pressure , rain falls , air mass, etc. and their contribution onto the Continentality & Oceanity degree were obtained in chapter two.According to their Continentality & Oceanity degree different parts of Iraqi land 11~,Pivided into a number of regions using different equations and sta?Oar~.. '1'.lotov~ aclimatic regional divission to Iraqi climate was obtain~ accord..U i'ti.<to 'four =tan.d'd climatic classifications namely : KOPPEN , THOTyRNW : CE· ·. ,DE ~ ONE , LANGE. There a compars10n study has been made be en them w ; so discussed in details. Moreover the study consist of many illustrative figures (charts &maps ) showing the behavior of different climatic elements and there distributions.Study include also final conclusion article to specify the final results obtained..

قضاء الزبير : دراسة تطبيقية في الخرائط الاقليمية == Qadah Ai - Zubaip Appleciable Study In Regional Maps

Author name: حنان علي شكير العتابي
Supervisor name: مصطفى عبد الله محمد السويدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study aims at preparing an regional atlas consists of a set of specialized maps which deals with geographical, natural, and humanitarain characteristics to Qadha Al - Zubir. This subject derives its importance from using the representation of the map and its analysis in the geographical research in general and the regional studies in particular.. The study falls into two parts. Part One includes of four chapters.Chapter One represents the theortical framework of regional geography : its importance the region concept, the problem of determining region and the importance of map in the geographical research. Moreover, it deals with maps of region and the regional atlas. As for as Qadha Al - Zubir is concerned, Chapter one deals analytically with the maps of its atlas.Chapter two hardies with the natural characteristics of Qadha AlZubir : Location, area, geological construction, parts of earth surface and their features, climatic features, water resources, Soil, and the natural plant. Chapter three deals with population ofQadha AL - Zubir. It discusses the distribution of population according to environment and sex. Then, it deals with the geographical distribution of the population depen ding upon · certain criteriaChapter Four tackles with the economical activities in Qadha ALZubir : agriculture activity industrial activity, geographical distribution of oil >yells, and the roads of transportation in this place Part two, which represents the regional atlas of Qadha AL - zubir,consists of 32maps. Each one of these maps has its own in formation concerning the means and the representations of the maps. Besides this atlas incJudes 15 assistant figures in order to give a complete and clear idea as far as possible about this place. The study has arrived at some results and , recommendations.

استخدام تقنيتي التحسس النائي ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية GIS في دراسة الملامح الجيومورفولوجية ما بين شط العرب وخور الزبير == The Using Of Remote Sensing And Geographic Information Ystems (GIS) In Study Geomorphologyic Features Between Shatt Al - Arab And Khor Al - Zubuir

Author name: محمد عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي
Supervisor name: تغلب جرجيس داود | قاسم محمود السعدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study aimed to delineated the geomorphologic features in the area bounded between Shatt Al - Arab and Khor Al - Zubair by means of Remote sensing and Geographic Information system (GIS) techniques, southern Basrash city. The study traversestarted from Al - Saraji River in the north to the shore line of Arabian Gulf (Ras Al - Bisha) in the south. To acieved this study the researcher adopts four main methods : descriptive (filed trips), origin, development, and quantitative methods, the last one comprises theanalysis of texture and other physical and chemical soil properites, as well as, the using of GIS technique, i.e., the using of satellite image which supplied by the Landsat - 7, this image has many bands;1,2,3,4,5,7, and 8 bands, the sixth band was excluded because of its thennal nature which is out of the present study scope. To present a full desctiption and explanation for the geometric features, the data bases was employed for maps construction, the satellite images was subjected to many soft maps construction, the satellite image was subjected to many soft ware program to carried out engineering correction, digitization management, and position analysis and date base builddup to achieve the necessary maps. The information abstracted from the image analysis in addition to the physical and chemical properties of the study soils enable us to categorized the observed geomorphic features into four main unit; natural levees, transitional lands, sabkhas, and tidal flats, furthermore 1l is also thepresent present study emphasized the activity of GIS in offering time and efforts in studying the natural phenomena incomparsion with the traditional methods, moreover the GIS provide us with high flexibility in controlling the scale of the prepared maps. Regarding the physical and chemical weathering processes, the present study proved that the extension, contraction, dryness and wethess process play an important role in physical weathering which seems to be the dominant processes incomparsion with chemical one. The deposited sediments of both fluvial and Aeolian origin yield new lands, the continuous sediments deposition during 1983 - 2002 period creating a new land with a total area of about 92278 square meters.

التباين المكاني لخصائص سكان سلطنة عمان حسب تعداد 1993 : دراسة في جغرافية السكان == The Place Difference Of The Population'S Characteristics Of Sultanate Of Oman According To Census Of 1993 Analysis - Population Study

Author name: حسين عليوي ناصر الزيادي
Supervisor name: باسم عبد العزيز عمر العثمان
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: It is clear that the population geography has got a remarkable position mong branches of human geography clue to the importance of population in perations of planning and development. There is an obvious shortage in the opulation studies concerning Sultmrnte of Onrnn because the first census in the ultanate took place in December 1993 and other one was in the end of 2003. ftcr the researcher had got the preliminary results of this census, he included it the subject of this study so as to make comparison and know the time velopment of this phenomenon so a time dimension had been added to this Udicd phenomenon.l : The study is divided into four chapters. The first chapter has discussed the puh1tion growth in the Sultanate since the beginning of the twentieth century t I 2003. This chapter is divided into five subjects. The second subject has s died the population growth of Omanis and non - Omanis. As for the third s bjcct, it has tackled the natural increase of population, birth rate and death r tc depending on modern statistics issued by the ministry of health and n 1tional economy in Sultanate of Oman. The fourth subject has studied the f. urc of population growth in the sultanate while the fifth subject has studied ti urban growth.The second chapter has studied immigration and its geographical traits. Jt 1s divided into three subjects. The first subject has tackled the coming 11 uigration, its sources and currents. As for the second subject has studied rnal immigration. The third subject has studied the traces of immigration. The third chapter , which is the biggest one, has studied the distribution a density of the population. lt is divided into three subjects. The first subject h studied the size and relative distribution of population on the level the S ltanate and nationality. The second subject has been allocated to study ncrs of the distribution and its kinds. Population concentrations in the S tanate have been studied in detail we have cnlrnnced thut by maps, diagrams an tables. The third subject of this chapter has showed the effecting factors inth population distribution.Due to the importance of population structure, this subject has been sh eel in the last chapter which was divided into six subjects such as agest cturc , sex - structure 111 economic - structure, religious - structure, educationalstr cture and marriage structure.The study has concluded many results , the most important of which is dis ·ibution of population in the Sultanate in addition to the disability and dif rcncc that prevailed the former population estimations of the year of census as ell as the increase of illiteracy in the Sultanate. · In addition to that the Omani worl•crs were in the marginal jobs while the inc ming workers increased in the productive jobs.

التباين المكاني للمرائب الرئيسية في محافظة ميسان == Diffrential Location Of The Main Garages In The Missan Governorate

Author name: ضحى لعيبي كاظم السدخان
Supervisor name: سعدي علي غالب
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study deals with the main garages in the Governorate ofMissan that ( represent the terminal of the movement of external, internal, and international means of transport. In the Governorate, this has made the private transport service adopt procedures about organization and submitting the services of transport in arranged. The means transport, operating at the garages, stand for a fundamental language for getting to and interconnecting with the city and it is outskirts in addition to the Govern orate and neighboring provinces. Also after the development and improvement of transport network;expansion of roads and interconnecting of chief garages are regarded a foundation of basic requirement for economic and social grpwth that will lead to the reduction of cost of transport. Later the reduction of cost commodities with link - up of entities of production with entities of consumption, taking the outlying regions out of isolation, ·facilitates the spread of cultural and sanitary services. It is not strange for center ·• of cities to be crowded and suffering from the traffic - game on account of the unexpected increase in the vehicles.The Governorate provided a large number of vehicles exceeding, it isl capacity and potential of regulation of streets and the area of the main garages! that cannot accommodate up to that increase in the number of vehicles operating!. the garages, this has results in difficulties and appearance of a lot of irregular situation witch have influenced the time - table of traffic in the main garageSJ owing to increase of demand of transport drivers.As a result of variety of location of the chief garages in the Govemorate, : the study only concerns the movement of transport of passengers and suffering of some garages from failure of planning in choosing this sites, so the stud)t relies on references and sources of a library in addition to the field study that ha$ contained some part of the subject in detail because of the carcity of source$ i concerning the topic of transport in Maisan.The research is composed of five chapters. The first one is about thit understanding of public transport; the second one focuses the natural principle$ and human factors affecting the motion of transport in the garages. The third one deal with the location of area, number of Jines, kinds of motion of transport anlll date of construction of garages, the fourth one studies the queuing theory. The fifth one is about public and private problems and problems of driver's vehicle taking conclusions and suggestions for solving such problems into consideration at the terminals (garages).

تحليل بيئي للعوامل المؤثرة في نوعية الملوثات الجوية لمحافظة البصرة == Environmental Analysis Of Factors Influences The Quality Of Air Pollutants In Basrah Governorate

Author name: ايمان كريم عباس المياحي
Supervisor name: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: influence and determine the quality of air pollutants in Al - Basrah governorate. It deals in details with the most crucial human an natural pollutants air factors such as rain falling , dust , lead in domestic dust , the acid rain degree , the concentrations of some gases (Oxide and amoniaoxide Carbon, amoni - oxide Sulfuric , Hydrocarbons , Chlorine , di hydrogine sulfur and Amonia ) throughout the area using (Aspirating Pump OS 50) and some bottles fir measuring atmosphere gases in part per million (ppm).The study falls into four chapters. Chapter one deals with the ·theoretical and systematic of the thesis , chapter.utwo tackles the natural factors that influence , positively or negatively the problem of the study , Chapter three discusses the human factors that help in causing the problem And chapter four includes a locational analysis of the most important air pollutants throughout collecting and measuring them and reaching at their concentrations.The study arrives at the following conclusions : 1. The astronomic position determines the climatic characteristics of the study area for it falls in the dry region which is reflected on the other natural factors and their effects on the distributions and concentrations of these pollutants.The geographical position of the study area , which is adjacent to Thi - Qar governorate which has the highest repetition of dusty and sandy storms in Summar , has a negative effect in increasing these pollutants in this area. In addition , there are some oilycountries adjacent to the study area that have an important role in casting much of these pollutants.The flat surface helps in activating the role of the wind in spreading the air pollutants and never be concentrated in certain places. This decreased the problem of air pollution.The climate causes the aridity of the soil , and fewness of the natural that supports the raising of the striping operation and the oxidation of the elements and gases that cause air pollution.The sandy dry soil has a negative role because of the easiness of its denudation by the wind which causes air pollution in the western part.Even water helps in absorbing some of the air pollutants and finding agricultural distances and natural plants. However , this factor looses much of its vital role because of the human interference in its pollution by drying out most of the marshes.The scarcity of natural plants has a negative role in protecting the air from pollution. The population which is (2100326 person) fling rubbish to the environment without any remedy. This increases the problem of the study.9. The fewness of the agricultural areas influences in increasing the problem of the study , in addition to the use of the chemical and organic fertilizers , insecticide and others.10. The increasing number of vehicles from (51383) at 2003 to (104012) at the end of 2004 increas air pollution. 11. Most of the environmental pollutants was resulted from some essential industries.12. The wars plays a great and danger role in destructing the environment.13. The highest average of the falling dust in the western side in Qhur Al - Zubair was (71.9) g/m2 , and the lowest average in the eastern ,., ~ side in Abu Al - Khaseeb was (38.6) g/m2 14. The amount of (Co2) exceeded its natural concentration (0.03) ppm. The highest concentration was (0.08 - 0.3) ppm and the lowest was (O.Ol)ppm.15. The oxide Carbon (Co) exceeded its natural and permitted concentration. The highest polluted concentration of the gas was (80 - 100) ppm, and the lowest was (5) ppm.16. The concentration of the polluted sulfur Dioxide (So2) exceeded its natural and permitted concentration the highest polluted concentration was (20 - 30) ppm, and the lowest was (10) ppm.17. The hydrocarbons had polluted concentrations exceeded permitted ones , as the highest polluted concentration was (10 - 20) ppm, and the lowest was (5 - lO)ppm.18. The chlorine gas has polluted concentrations exceeded the permitted ones, as the highest concentration was (1.0 - 2.0)ppm , and lowest was (5.0 - 1.0)ppm.19. The Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) has polluted concentrations the highest was (3 - 5) ppm and the lowest was (2) ppm. 20. The Amonia (NH3) gas has polluted concentration , the highest was (10 - 15) ppm, and the lowest polluted ones was (5) ppm.21. The highest average of the obstacles concentrations that contain lead (pb) was (2112.84) mlg/m3 , in which the percentage of the lead was (0.515)ppm in the southern sandy side , and the lowest concentrations of these obstacles that had lead of about (1623.28)mlg/m3 and (0.258)ppm was in Sa'ad Sequare.22. The concentration of the lead in the demostic dust is (0.033) ppm in Al - Basrah and (0.030) ppm in Al - Hartha.23. The (PH) of the falling rain varied between (6.9 - 8.4) , the highest one was (8 - 4) in Al - Basrah , and the lowest was (6.9) in Al - Qurna.

تحليل جغرافي لظاهرة التصحر في محافظة بابل == A Geographical Analvsis Ot The Deserification Phenomenon In Babel Province

Author name: عمار عبد الرحيم حسين المندلاوي
Supervisor name: عبد الامام نصار ديري ناصر المظفر
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

دولة الامارات العربية المتحدة : دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية == United Arab Emirates Study At The Political Geography

Author name: عبد العالي حبيب حسين
Supervisor name: سعود عبد العزيز عبد المحسن الشعبان الفضلي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This research aims to evaluate the natural , popular , econ ic "''u~· political factors according to the political geography point of iew • the influence of these factors on the interior behaviour of the cta1111try through the spread of resources and the external inf,ueh includes the foreign relationships of the country. I The research shows , too that· the UAE have an imP<> gic geographical position made this country an important ce important circle meet there communications ways amor)g he ent centres of trade. In addition , this country has long aoa ts lfltlrlh. lie on two gulfs Arab and Oman Gulf granted the country S\'OU ce apolitical power The research also explains that the UAE suffers from m ny wililHlems such as ( Shortage of water , bad soil quality , the com ng ants and the shortage of self - efficiency ) which cause to ial conomic dangers affect on the UAE behaviour internal!~ a d itM11na11y..The research shows the small number of UAE citizerts y an idea about the number of population which is about(70250 ). eans its rate is ( 24 ,3 °/o ) from the whole UAE people in 200 , ~~llltieans looking for substitutions reconcile the shortage of work rs lead to depending on emigrants with all different influenc s 1111 : a· are caused by those who emigrate to the country.This research shows us that the UAE economy mostly drt11 ds on oil export which form great importance in foreign trad~ to

خصائص مناخ اليمن السياحي == Characteristics Of Yemen Tourist Cllmale

Author name: عبد الله حير سالم علي
Supervisor name: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: selecting the relevant extent of climate to the tourist movement of attractio in terms of time and place, and the extent of tourist movement correlation wi the climate in Yemen.The study consist of five chapter. Chapter one deals with the concttpt f tourist climate and the most important elements of it. It also deals with the e impotence of climate in Yemen , including sun radiation , temperature , humidity , and wind.Chapter two deals with the contexts of tourist climate. Compou d contexts have been discussed , including Effective Temperature context ( ET , wind cooling context ( KO ) , Humidity - Temperature context ( TH]), S context and Singer diagram. Also discussed in this ChapttJr e comprehensive vital climate classifications , including ( O!egiay classifiK;af n and Terging classification ).Chapter three deals with evaluating the tourist climate in Yemen , ( during night , during day time , and during leizure ) compound context (ET, THI, Singer, diagram). Chapter four deals with assessing the tourist climate in Yemen ( du night , during day time , and during leizure ) through applying the omprehensive vital climate classification , including ( Olegiay clasification Terging clasification ).Chapter five discusses the onalysis of climate effect on thel to rist IlllOVement in Yemen. It included the ingredients of tourist arena the develoment of tourist movement , and the climate effect on tourist movenne t in Yemen.Following are the most important results of the study : i l. Due to the astronomical location of Yemen , She enjoys large sun radiation ranging between 400 - 656 K I K I Cm2 I hr. Height factor influnces largely the monthly and yearly distribution of temperature averages.. Temperature conditions are alike m terms of height between the coastal 1 stations and eastern land. . Relative humidity rates are high in coastal stations , and relatively low at the1 mountainous area at the eastern land.1 - Annual rate of wind speed ranges between 1 - 3 m I sec. at the I mountainous area and eastern land , and between 3 - 5 m I sec. at the I coastal stations.5 Climate of Yemen is consistent with the astablishment of tourism ( tourist \ industry ) accordin to world scale.6 Yemen has various humand and natural tourist attractive ingredients.7 The size of tourist movemant in Yemen is not consistent with her verious ingrsdients of tourist attraction.8. he voume of intemation tourist flow of comers to Yemen according to '!months and regions is relatsd to climate. So , the months in which the number of tourists are high are the moderate and confortable months , while e months in which the number of tourists are low the one having narrower d less moderate scope at the station of the study.

تاثير العوامل الجغرافية في الاهمية الجيوبولتيكية للانهار المشتركة بين ايران والعراق == The Impact Of The Geographic Factcrs On The Geopolitical Importance Of The Shared Rivers Between Iran And Iraq

Author name: ظاهر عبد الزهرة خضير الربيعي
Supervisor name: سعود عبد العزيز عبد المحسن الشعبان الفضلي | حمدان باجي نوماس
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The Shared rivers and borders between Iran and Iraq were a source of dispute between the two countries. They were the main reason behind the war that took place from 1980 to 1988. Consequently , they evoked avaviety of possibilities for the middle east and the Arabian Gulf in particular. So many people couldn't realize the geopolitical reasons anrl the stmggle among the international and local powers. Forexample , in shatt Al - Arab Case , Which is among other 42 rivers both parties hold strict positions. They were not ready to give any mutual concessions. Moreover , the interntional law and the bilateral agreements show the natural right of Iraq in these rivers. Iran was dribbling with Iraq but; it was so cooperative in solving water resources problens.This indicates that the stvuggle between Iraq and Iran is ideological , ethrographic and Civilization One. The British occupation to the area of study worked on sophisticating the problem. Their attitude tawards this I problem is the sans as it is with other border problems in the area. Whatever are reasons behind the Iraqi - Iranian war , the main one is the inability of the tues countivies to arrive at a satisfactory settlement since the appearance of the indepevdent Iraq in 1921. This includes the whole eastern border line that extends from the very south to the two countries and Turkey which is about 1312 km. Iraq is have feeling that the Iranians what to have a control over the Iraqi territories and water resources , Especially , Iraq has a short Coast on the Arabian Gulf whichis about 60km from Fao to Um Qasr. Iran , on the other hond , hasa 2000km - Coast long. In addition , Iran did not respect the principles o neigh - bourhood and the international Low Concerning the Utilization of the Shared rivers. This conld be attributed to the multi - ethnic and multi - nationa 1S;·.0 l nature of Iran. The geostratigic location of the area is reflected in th S~ strategil American in the area. Hence , the U.S.A. has worke o g~ depening the points of dispute and encouraged the Iranians to to e s~ radical position and refuse any possibility of cooperation are! har on SS - between the two Islamic Countries. The research has arrived a th SJ : ;, ~ following Conclusions : There is no honest will between the Co - riparian states to solve thebordor problems because they don't Comply with the principles of intemationel Low and arbitration.2 - The water Source Countries ( Iran and Turkey ) do not recognize the right of Iraq of a just Share of the water and the joint property and not Causing any damage to others. on their part and in using water , Iran and Turkey have caused damage to Iraq.3 - The security of any state is determined by natural , topographical , economic , political , military , Scientific and culturol properties. They play an effective role in the state political weight ( strongth or weakness).They also play a role in the cooperation and dispute between Iraq and Iran Concerning the joint rivers. 4 - There is no future strategg between the two countries about the investment and maintenance of the shared rivers for they are not interested in this crucial source.5 - The real problem of the shared rivers between the two countries is that they do not make use of them in the proper way , and old procedures used because of the poor en

تلوث مياه نهر الفرات في محافظة ذي قار : دراسة جغرافية بيئية

Author name: احمد ميس سدخان
Supervisor name: عبد الامام نصار ديري ناصر المظفر
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: SM;thesis titled (Water Pollution in Euphrates, Thi Qar Go~morate Environmental Geography Study) includes an experiment to Euphrates water in Thi Qar Govemorate of pollution after making a n•riofchemical and physical tests, water was tested for the period from 2006 - 2007 throughout relating the polluted concentrations for the river with rates of water discharge which differ according to the diff~nt of seasons. "five sites were specified within the study area are different. spatiaJ,ly, and picking up samples during the four seasons which include the water of Euphrates and others of its bottom sediments. Then the results wer~ shown and evaluating the river's water regarding these results throughout using the water for different human purposes include drinkingp~ti*elS·,1'.ndustrial and agricultural usages (Irrigation). !he content of the study has four chapters and introduction. First , chapter discusses hydrological study for Euphrates water from its high sources in Turkey passing in Syria and Iraq till the area of the study expJaining the main problems leads to change quantity features and quality of its water. Second chapter deals with the natural factors in area of the stuqy, which has an effect on changing characteristics of river's water.. Thitd c~pter discusses the human factors which lead to pollution of Euphrates' water within Thi Qar Govemorate represented by dirt of civil sewage, industrial, drainage water and fertilize' rs used in agricultural field.Fourth chapter has a number of chemical and physical characteristics for water and sediment of Euphrates that that results shows an increase in co¢entration proportion for each of (Tran, Si02, Mg, P04, CL, Tur, TH, Ee), which exceed environmental limits for their concentration accol.'ding to Iraq Standard of Water Environment. The concentration proportion of (N03, Do, TDs, HC03, Ca, S04, PH) are within the environmental limits for their concentration.The results of bottom sediments of Euphrates for (TOC, EC) exceed environmental limits for their concentration, but the value of PH is within these limits but. it is distinguished of alkalinity. So, Euphrates water was polluted and it is not good for human usages (drinking), as well as it is not suitable as water used for industrialization, except cooling purposes, also is not proper to use this water in irrigation because it is classified within C3 Type of irrigation water types in the American Laboratory and it is of highsalinity and it doesn't use in the case of existing active drainage networks, high penetration soils and agricultural crops have the ability to resist the salinity.

هيدرولوجية شط الغراف واستثماراته

Author name: حسن سوادي نجيبان الغزي
Supervisor name: ماجد السيد ولي محمد العلي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

التنمية الاسكانية المستدامة للمدن الرئيسة في محافظة البصرة == Sustainable Housing Development For Main Cities In Basra Governorate

Author name: اسامة اسماعيل عثمان الراشد
Supervisor name: صلاح هاشم زغير الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: ينظر لمشكلة الاسكان على انها عبارة عن حالة تسيطر عليها ظاهرة قلة المساكن المتاحة والملائم للافراد الذين يشعرون بحاجة لها، وكان لغياب الاستراتيجيات الاسكانية والاعتماد على حلول عشوائية بعيدة عن الرؤى الواضحة المعتمدة على دراسات رصينة لدى العديد من الدول وم | The house is one of the necessities of life for residents in any community has long stressed the UN initiatives across their organizations related to the provision of adequate housing for members of the community to this fact, however, that the absence of strategies for housing and rely on random solutions is far from clear vision based on solid studies in many countries contributed to live up the problem of providing housing to the level of crisis. As long as communities grow at an accelerated pace of housing the need for this growth must keep pace with the demand for residential need. The study aims to prepare a program for the development of a sustainable housing for main cities in the Governorate of Basra illustrates through it to imagine how to eliminate the housing crisis in those cities. In order to achieve this goal has to be to achieve secondary objectives are as follows : 1 - study the natural reality of the Governorate of Basra, which affect all of its components in the construction of the housing unit process, either directly or indirectly.2 - study of Population and Housing, located in main cities.3 - study Housing dependent programs in main cities.4 - activating the role of geography in support of the planning processes and drawing sustainable housing development strategies.5 - build a model for sustainable housing development in the Governorate of Basra. For the purpose of achieving the aims of the study was divided into an introduction and five chapters. The first chapter discusses of some imperceptible frameworks, there came titled Housing sustainable development concept, targets and indicators and divided into two sections devoted first to the study of development, housing and sustainability concepts and their relation to the geographical knowledge of while eating second part, the concept of sustainable housing development, objectives and indicators, the second chapter also discusses the natural and human characteristics of the major cities and divided into two sections the first lesson of Basra natural conservative characteristics while dedicated second section to examine the reality of the main population and residential cities, while the third chapter of sustainable housing development variables and dimensions of the main cities in the province of Basra and the Department chapter to two sections, while the fourth chapter titled housing programs in main cities in the Governorate of Basra and contained a chapter on the three sections allocated first to examine some international experiences in the field of housing programs while eating the second research study and analysis for housing programs carried out in main cities in the province, while used program (swat) analysis in the third section of the statement of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for housing programs based on them. The fifth chapter dealt with the study of impediments to sustainable housing development in the main cities and ways to address them chapter and section to the first two sections deal with the challenges of sustainable housing development success while the researcher built a model of sustainable housing development to the main cities of the Governorate. The study concluded a set of findings and proposals.

نمـط التـوزيع المكانـي للقـرى وخدماتـها في قضاء الشـطرة == The Pattern Of Spatial Distribution Of Villages And Their Services At Shattra District

Author name: قاسم مطر عبد الخالدي
Supervisor name: عباس عبد الحسن كاظم العيداني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Despite that the villages is older and more ancient in civilization and bigger in population and in construction beside they are larger in geographical distribution of the cities, but the geographers' interesting with villages came late as far as time is concerned and weak as far as science is concerned as compare with the study of the cities. Thus, it is very needful for the Iraqi villages in general and Shattra in particular at Thee Qar province with the scientific, academic, and governmental development to day from any time ago, specially with the crumble down of its economical status and increasing its social status. This was the starting point for that academic research that takes the villages of Shattra as sample of the rural traditional villages for the geographical study. The research depends basically on the field study further more the researcher lived himself there through his periodically visits there and had been acquainted with the people's suffering because of the leak of social services and the infrastructure. The revealing of special distribution module for the rural population centers and analyzing the natural and human elements that are related with the distribution module form significant study in human geography. The aim of modeling is to reach limited number of modules that the researcher had studied. This was specially after developing of the modern statistics methods that were followed by other sciences in studying the modules of the special gathering modules and the methods of their distribution in earth. Thus, the study came to be anticipation in that way for revealing the modules of the riral population modules and the researcher's interesting in study that expresses the affirmation of that syllabus and believing of the vivid and regional importance for it includes the agricultural lands with fertilized soils beside surface irrigation systems that are represented by the Gharaff stream and its branches. To achieve the goal of this study, it is necessary to divide the study into five chapters in addition to the results. The first chapter dealt with the historical development of the rural population and the historical rise of Shattra district and the satges of its establishment, and the demographical development for the people of its rural villages since the second population statistic process in Iraq till 2006. The second chapter dealt with the geographical rural distribution for the rural centers and the numeric distribution for the rural population centers, also the density of rural population and the modules of spatial distribution for the rural centers at the area. In addition to the quantum distribution of the rural centers and the civilized rural parts. The third chapter dealt with the effective elements in rural centers at the district, that divided into natural and human elements and decided diagramming that draw the picture of rural population. The fourth chapter put to study just the morphology of traditional villages because of of the unavailability of planning villages also it came across the methodology of morphology of rural housing and the modules of their distribution and the population status and its efficiency.The fifth chapter included showing the social educational, health , entertainment , and infrastructural services such as electricity and drinking water and the transportation and evaluating the efficiency of that services then looking for their environmental harmony with the regional relationships of the area of the study

تاثير العوامل الجغرافية في انتشار مرضي حساسية الجهاز التنفسي والربو في محافظة ذي قار == The Effect Of The Geographicl Factors In Spreading The Allergy Of The Respiratory System And Asthma In Thiqar Governorate

Author name: عباس زغير محيسن المرياني
Supervisor name: عبد الامام نصار ديري ناصر المظفر
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The relationship between human and his environment in general and his health in special way, not generated during just past centuries, but it had its roots when the God created human on the earth. He is struggling to be adapted for his safety in the time that the environment is simple and uncomplicated either at the present time and under the industrial progress and environmental pollution situations, the human environment became complicated and health problems increased to be the main concerns of the complexity of the impact of seminars and scientific conferences. Perhaps say Legacy (Health is a crown on the heads of healthy people, just feeling by the patient) referring to particular importance of health. Respiratory disease considered as an environmental diseases that afflict a large portion of human society at different age groups, and quality. Wherever conditions were favorable for the human injury, he falls as prey on the impact of the disease. Respiratory disease, respiratory allergies and asthma has multiple causes, compatible with and due to the multiplicity of tissues and organs that being infections involved firstly, and for multiplicity of environmental factors that cause disease secondly. Human self - predisposing of allergies and asthma led to the respiratory infections irrelevant to the different environmental factors leading to the injury. Natural factors such as climate and its components have a direct or indirect effect. However, some human activity may result environmental changes such as air pollution that caused by gases and smoke particles that induce a negative impact on the respiratory system. These factors may initiate together interfering impact, creating a harmful atmosphere to human population in the absence of concern for the environment. Finally may reflected negatively on the health and human lifestyle and thus get many diseases, including allergy and asthma.The study is subjected to reveal the most prominent environmental factors (natural and human - making) that lead to the spread of respiratory illness (respiratory allergies and asthma) in the province of Thi Qar, and then find a correlation between them to show the temporal and spatial contrast as well as the identifying the demographic characteristics of infected people in correlation with by age and quality groups. The study is based on descriptive and statistical analytic approaches, which converts digital data into information for the purpose of the comparison and stand on the most important reasons that explain the change phenomenon in the time and place designated to serve the scientific research as well as that used observations and interviews for the purpose of collecting data and verifying their accuracy, especially for human side.This thesis considered as the first study interesting with geographical respiratory disease respiratory allergies and asthma distribution in Thi Qar province. It has been used a statistical ways and means to address the data to serve the research topic and on the basis that attended chapters as follows : The first chapter discussed the theoretical and organizational framework that included a range of environmental terminology and types of diseases and respiratory diseases, allergies and asthma.Chapter two contributes in the study of the environmental factors for the emergence of diseases, allergies and respiratory in ThiQar.Chapter three specializes in the study of temporal variation of the allergy of respiratory diseases during the period of 2004 - 2009 according to the following characteristics : - Annual changes to the allergies of respiratory diseases, asthma and its relationship to variable environmental factors. - Relationship of climate characteristics with seasonal variables for under study diseases.Chapter four interested in the following items : - Detection of spatial variation of infected people in related to diseases under study and the roles of environmental factors to show that variance. - The study of demographic characteristics (age and gender composition) of people with disease under study.

شط العرب : الخصائص الهيدرولوجية والاستثمارات المائية == Shatt - Al - Arab Hydro Logical Features And Water Exploitations

Author name: صفية شاكر معتوق المطوري
Supervisor name: حمدان باجي نوماس | منعم مجيد حمد الحمادة
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Shatt Al - Arab forms from the confluence of : rs main tributries the Tigris and Euphrates at Qurna. It occupies the lower part of the basin. It runs south - eastward to flow into the /\rab Gulf with 196 Km length and an average width of 500 m. The river depthvaries from 7 m at Fao to J 5 m in Basrah. Its total basin area is 909200 Krn2.The physical and human factors have agreate in flunce upon the geneual properties of water in the area. The geological struction itself has an influnce upon the river discharge throughout the seepage loses which take part in increasing the salt groundwater( approximately ( 8 - 64 ) m mhos I cm ) , in addition , the gentle slopes of the ground with an average of 0. 02 m I km decreased the river flow to ( approximately 0.55 m Is ).The dry climate with high temperatures approximately 24 , 8° C, low rainfall with an average annual of 142 mm and the interse evaporation 3090.51 mm , have their role in increasing the water losses from the river to 0.21 ~ill ion cubic meter ( bcm ).Furthermore , the human conditions inside and outside the country have their influnce upon the quantity and quality of water especially the upstream riparian basin states which take large scale development particularly in storage and irrigation. Also , the. traditional irrigation methods play a negative role in wasting and polluting water. Further , the increase in demanding wate1· for the different use aspects of improvements. The study of the hydrological properties indicate that the average water discharge reaches to 646 cumecs ( m3 I s ) ( 20.3 bcm ) for the period ( 1986 - 1998 ). Its water , discharge depends on its main tributaries : Tigris , Euphrates , Al - Sewib and Al - Eiz with an arerge annual of 168 , 151 , 105 , 222 cumecs Successively. It also depends on Al - Karon discharge with an average annual of 63 cumecs at present. The river discharge various yearly , seasonally and monthly depending on the water year properties , i.e. weather in is wet , neutral , or dry. Water levels vary also yearly ,seasonally and monthly depending on discharge and the influence of ebb and tide.The present study shows that Shatt - Al - Arab faces many problems such as the influence of storage projects and the exploitations of the upstream riparian states on water quantity and quality , the effect of different sorts of pollution. The area also suffers from lack of management staff in their duties and the absence of observation and association of the concerned authorities.Exploitation from all its sides proved that the present requirements controle 34.5 % of the available water. It was also revelied that the water budget in higher than the available water with an average surplus of 13.22 hem meanwhile , the area confronts future waher deficit as a result of the development in accomplishing irrigation and storage projects of the upstream basin states and Iraq which will reach to 82 bcm.

مشروع نهر العز : دراسة في جغرافية الموارد المائية == Al : Ezz Project River : A Study In Geography Of Water Resources

Author name: حسن خليل حسن المحمود
Supervisor name: حمدان باجي نوماس
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

مركزية موقع البصرة وهامشيته في صيرورة التاريخ : دراسة في الجغرافية التاريخية == Centralitv Of Basrah Location And Its Maruinalitv In Historv Process A Study Of Historical Geography

Author name: عبد الرحمن علي عبد الرحمن الجادر
Supervisor name: ماهر يعقوب موسى
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Basrah loc.ation has moved from one site to another. The movement of this location directed the course of the historical events because viewing the geographical location from different corners reveal various results which add to its dynamics. The flexibility of location helped in clarifying the geographical location and Its activity is one of the important factors in formulating the qualities and the morphology of the region and its effect on the human life and activities. These qualities and morphology emerges as results of its relations with the other geographical locations.The value of the geographical location may completely changes either towards improving or deteriorating which, in tum , means a maximum benefit or a maximum harm by the people.To achieve its aim, the study is divided into three chapters. The chapters are as follows : Chapter One tackles the concept of historical geography and it studies the geographical qualities of the city. The chapter concentrates on the location of Basrah and some of its natural qualities. Chapter Two deals with the historical events and their relation to the place in addition to the location response. Of the topics studied in this chapter aresequencing the historical events in the place and the way location of Basrah responded to the challenges of exploiting the historical events by the place throughout its history.Chapter Three discusses the spatial relations of the city of Basrah by studying the nature of these relations throughout the history of the city in addition to studying distribution of other centers that have spatial relations with the city of Basrah.

مدينة الفاو تطويرها الوظيفي وعلاقاتها الاقليمية == Fao City Its Functional Development A : Qd Regional Relatiollships

Author name: محمد عنون مويش عبد الله السوداني
Supervisor name: عبد الحسين جواد السريح
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study aims to analyze the functional structure of Fao City in order to evaluate its functional efficiency as an appropriate environement for its people.Fao City is different from other cities of Iraq, as it had developed in usual! conditions up to 1980, and was suddenly occupied and destroyed during eight years ending in 1988. In 1989, a new planned city of Fao was built by great efforts of thestate, which achieved most of their goals in only 123 days. The study is divided into three chapters. The first chapter deals with the general geographical characteristics in two parts, firstly, the physical features of site and situation which includegeological structures, to pography, climate, water resources, and soils. Secondary, popullation characteristics of the city and its and its region, inculding population growth, and sex, age, and economic structures of population.The second chapter examines the old city of Fao in two parts, the first one deals with the historical development of the city, and the second with its functional structure, which consists of the commercial, industrial, residential and service functions,as well as the regional relationships of the city. The new city of Fao is discussed in chapter three, to study the master plan, functional structures, and regional relationships of the city, and evaluating its functional efficiency.The last part of the study is devoted to the conclusion and proposals to develope the city and its region.Finally, it can be said that the present study may contribute to the urban and rural planning for Fao City and the region.
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