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تصنيف بعض اراضي منطقة البصرة : دراسة في الجيومورفولوجيا التطبيقية
Author name:
صباح عبود عاتي
Supervisor name:
تغلب جرجيس داود
General topic:
Geography
Specific topic:
Geography
Degree:
Master
University:
University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Basrah
First pages:
10T1481 - p.pdf
Abstract:
This thesis is concerned with the study of the Land 111 Classii'ication of part of Basrah District, applied Geomorph - f,1 ological Approach. The study area lies between lai tuds 0° 20 - - 31° BN & longj)itude 47°E, to Shat - Al - Arab RiverIi from the east bounded by Qurna in the North and Abu - Al - Khaseeb ii in the South. The area is extended from Hor Al - Hammar in the north to Khur Al - Zubeir in the south. Air photos, topoi ~. graphic maps and field checkes revaled that the - a.. - "N : !a could be ciassii'ied to eight land Systems as folJ.o1 - Natural Levees of Shatt Al - Arab.2 - Al - Hartba Land System.3 - Ho.. - Al - Hammar Land System.4 - Hai Al - Shuhadaa Land System.5 - Al - Zubair Land System. u·111 - The.i.ow land of Burgesia Land System.Al - Subkha Land System.8 - Arte.wee Land System.These land Systems have diffe~ent phisicai properties soil texture, percentage of clay minerals, soil PH, So, soditun ion exchange and Salinity.• The study of the area has shown that these variations ;in those elements due the different geomorphological processes : which effected the area. The Zubair land system is formedfrom Alluvial deposits and affected by deflation and denudation while Artawee Land System represent afluvial 'l!deposits of ancient running water. The Hur Al~Hslll!ll8.r formation is part of Marshes and moor lands lie in the Southern part of Iraq. The Natural Levee of Shatt - Al - Arab formed from suspended material carried by the river. Eartha ladd system forever is affected by the flood of Hur Al - Ha~r and Shatt Al - Arab and is formed.by Fluvial Flood plain. Hai Al - Shuhadaa represent the effect ion fresh water deposits on one hand, and by sediments from the Arabian Gul.t during I' the high Tide. It has been found that the high percent or Salinity end gypsum formation are the main elements of salt weathering in the area.The extent and rate of the geomorphological processes are affected by two types : - l. Dry weather and high temperature, so as the salts in solution are drawn up vmrds by capila : rry action and deposits in the upper horizons of the land, especially in Hartha landsystem, the margines of Hur Al - Hammar, the Hai Al - Shuhadaa and Artawee formations. ' The area is also affected by natural subsidense due to the earth staticts process which causes the subsidense of Deltatic area in the southern parts of Mesopotamian plane in Iraq.This plane is fulled up by deposi.. carried by the Tig : ris, Euplu?ates and their tributaries in : addition to the aealian deposits which is thought to be (l,750m3) million and caused t~e high percentage of clllY minerals montmorillon;te type, Silt and gypsum in the flood plain, v1h : t - : : e the quartz and non clay minerals become higher in the western parts of the area. 2. Human interfeJ."ence, where the land is an old civilization area, many civilized construction, had bui.ld up in the area, like rivers and canals used in irrigation processes from ancient times, which caused the aalinimation of the soil, on the other hand, man has constructed some dams at the margins of Hur - Al - Hammar as a mean !or draining the area and reclamation or the dam which was constructed !rom Basrah to use as railways. This dam has prevented the fresh water of the Hur to flood over the area, and exceeds the effects of the Arabian Gulf water to pentrate through it. These reasons revealed that the area become under the influence of high degree of salt weathering which attacts the concrete formation in one hand and lowering the agricult111' 9 capability on the other hand. So the area cound be classified for land use to four c1asses with minor ones.l. Land with minor limitation good for agriculture and civil construction i.e. Natural Levee Land System. 2. Lands with moderate limitation for agriculture and civil construction.3. Lands with moderate sever limitation restrict its use in pasture, agriculture, civil constructions.Lands with extremely sever limitation cannot be used for Human activity. However, the study has revealed that. the area could be [i face in future some problems mainly :
