Author name:
ضياء حسن قاسم محمد الخرسان
Supervisor name:
علي طاهر تركي الحلي
Abstract:
The social and commercial sides formed two basic principles to develop nations due to their direct connection with the individuals and society for better future. Accordingly, many studies including the current study tried to shed the light on The social and commercial conditions of various cities. Karbala city had its share of this search. There was a study concerning Karbala social and commercial states from 1921 - 1939 which showed a significant and valuable part of the most prominent of the city in addition to what distinguishes the city of religious privacy due to the Imam Hussein and his brother Al Abbas ( p.b.u.t.). this added another importance to the city which became a polestar for visitors from all over the world; the matter that reflected on the social and commercial sight and activity. This in turn, formed a motif to the researcher to study it from1939 - 1958 completing his previous colleague's beginnings. The year 1939 is considered as a decisive stage of contemporary Iraqi history, the date of King Ghazi's death in the fourth of April 1939 and receiving regency by Abdul Ellah on King Faisal, the second which was followed by disturbing political and commercial situations, besides beginning the second world war. In addition, reflection of all the above on the commercial and social reality ofKarbala city; the matter that formed the second motif to choose the topic. From another side and since Karbala is a religious center in the Islamic world. It is a place that attracts hearts from various nations that had influence on the community nature and its populated structure as a materialistic constituent, and also on the city culture, ideology, arts, civilization as a moral constituent. This led it to move in isolation with some privacies that recognized its paralleled religious cities which deserves to be studied in particular in accord to that variety and importance. If you ask, why do we study the religious school? Karbala has its own religious center and contains many religious men, scientists, and scholars that why there were many religious Hawza schools. And for the question, why there are customs, traditions, and social sights in Karbala city? This is because the city has its own privacy, especially from the religious side that made customs and traditions differ from other cities, such as gatherings and Husseini processions, AIrbeen, Sha'abaniyah visits, a method of practicing rituals in mosques and Husseiniyahs. There are customs held in the blessed Ramadan month, for they are specific traditions inKarbala city as kids circumcision, vows, and playing. All these and other traditions has special influence. The answer for why the medical situation is concerned is due toits deterioration from1939 - 1958 when different diseases attacked the city where we are going to devote a table to clarify their types and essence. Concerning education, it depended mainly on traditional teachers, and religious scholars, whereas the governmental schools were very bad with weak learning. So, the primary learning almost was nothing with a small number of learners. Even their number in the high school was very low. This led to spreading of illiteracy and ignorance in the Karbala community till women entrance to school was considered in the Karbala community as a sort of corruption and behavior deviation. If one inquires why the economic side in Karbala is concerned, then we know that vocational side has special influence for what distinguishes Karbala, since it has various main vocational works like shrowed production, rope twisting, treacle, holy clay, gowns, etc. if somebody asks why the water resources are concerned, this is because Karbala is a tourist city which gets money from inside and outside Iraq such as the almsgiving, fifth, vows, and ouda almsgiving, and all these are charity funds come to holyKarbala from Indians' and other countries shia people. The study deeply tackled the general conditions of Karbala city, starting with the name origin, establishment, the administrative organization, the most important political development in the ottoman era and Karbala's city position, Karbala's stand towards the British occupation in 1914 as the parties and associations, as well as the influence of the political, social, commercial events in Karbala city. This produced number of newspapers and various magazines. The researcher also mentioned the social and commercial impact of the different political and social development in Karbala. The researcher discussed the most prominent social developments and their influence on the general life in Karbala which is the social structure of Karbala city, number of population, the social and religious sights of Karbala city, the religious and cultural gatherings and the social and
