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موقف الاتحاد السوفيتي من الحرب العراقية - الايرانية 1980 - 1988 == The Soviet Union's Position in the Iraqi - Iranian War (1980 - 1988)
Author name:
جاسم محسن عبيد
Supervisor name:
رحيم عبد الحسين عباس
General topic:
History
Specific topic:
Modern and Contemporary History
Degree:
Master
University:
University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Karbala
First pages:
11T3163 - p.pdf
Abstract:
The Iraqi - Iranian war (1980 - 1988) is considered as one of the greatest regional conflicts known to have continued for a long period of time. It continued because of certain internal and external factors coming from both arguing parties. This war broke out in the Arabian Gulf region, which is considered to be one of the most important regions where the most beneficial and energetic areas of many major nations lie. The Soviet Union was one of these nations, for it is known to be the leader of social military and plays therefore an essential role in international politics. This nation tried extremely hard to reach the area where the conflict was taking part before and after the war started, using thereby different strategies to spread and regulate its dominance in the area that is close to their borders from the south, not to mention that it also had riches of possessing many oil resources. That is why this thesis sheds light on the position of the Soviet Union in the Iraqi - Iranian war. Their position is considered to be one of the most important and influential positions over the course of this war, because it possesses significant political and economic relations with both sides.This thesis includes an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. Chapter One, entitled (The Soviet Strategy in the Arabian Gulf and the Outbreak of the Iraqi - Iranian War), includes three sections. Section one entitled : The Soviet Strategy in the Arabian Gulf (1970 - 1977), has dealt with the interest the Soviet Union had concerning this region which borders their country from the south. Other rivals like the United States and its allies were also present in this area, revealing the ways the Soviet Union used to reach this area. Section two entitled : (The Relation of the Soviet Union with both Conflicting Sides) includes in its first part a discussion of the Iraqi - Soviet relationship after the coup that took place in 1968 until 1979 explaining the close relation that was created between these two sides. The second part has dealt with the Soviet - Iranian relationship, where Iran was an ally to the West because of its strong bonds with the Soviet Union on both economic and military levels. However, after 1978 and the success of the Islamic revolution in Iran, the Soviet Union started to support Iran fearing any coup they might start to show their loyalty to the United States.The third section entitled : The Iraqi - Iranian war, 1980 - 1988, considered the beginnings of the war and the media attacks and accusations between the two sides, unfolding the most important parts of this war and its stages. Chapter Two entitled : The Soviet Union's Position Concerning the Iraqi - Iranian War, 1980 - 1981, includes two sections. The first section has shed light on the Soviet Union's part in the war between the years of 1980 - 1981. This stand reveals how the Soviet Union took its stand with Iran, causing an increase in conflict between them and Iraq. These tensions increased until the Soviet Union accused Iraq of starting the war. That is why the Soviet Union refused to provide Iraq with weapons during this period despite an agreement of friendship and cooperation they had assigned. Chapter three entitled : The Soviet Union's Position in War from 1984 - 1988, includes two sections : the first section entitled : The Soviet Union's Position in War from 1984 - 1985, discusses the Soviet Union's position taking sides with Iraq due to the stands Iran had taken against the Iranian party named ''Todah'' that was devoted to the Soviet Union. This Soviet - Iranian bonds started to break apart due to the previous reasons mentioned. Iraq made use of these developments as the Iraqi president made a visit to Moscow on the 16th of December, 1985 in order to gain Soviet support. The second section entitled : The Soviet Union in War from 1986 - 1988, signifies the period where the Iranian - Soviet relationship started to strengthen despite the Soviet's warning against Tehran after they had invaded the Iraqi city of Foa in 1986. In addition to this, many important changes happened because of war tankers and the attacks done by the United States on the Iranian harbors, causing the destruction of an Iranian civil aircraft in 1987 and issuing decision 598 that continued during the maneuvers and international consultations for as long as one year that demanded the Soviet Union to consider the withdrawal of the European and American military from the Arabian Gulf region.Chapter four entitled : The Soviet Union Position to Initiate International Peace Stopping the War. This chapter includes two sections; the first section which is entitled : The Soviet Union's Position Concerning International Peace Initiatives, reveals that the Soviet Union had no real part in solving the on - going conflict. Their stand was only concerned with invitations and calls to stop the war. They also took a powerful stand in making decisions in the UN Security Council as an attempt to stop the war.The second section entitled : The Soviet Union's Position Concerning Decision 598, discusses the Soviet Union's participation in forming this decision. This section also discusses the Soviet's position in refusing decision 598 Iran has set and the attempts of the Soviet Union to take political benefit for their own sake.This thesis has depended greatly on many different sources, especially on unpublished Iraqi documents saved in the Iraqi National Library and Archives. They include the most valuable information concerning the topic of this thesis and helped covering most of its aspects. Documents from the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and documents from the Islamic Iranian news agency have also provided valuable information. In addition to the previous mentioned documents, Iraqi and Arabic published documents have also further helped in covering many parts of this thesis, like the Arabian world files and records and the daily documents of Arabian Union 1987, and also documents from the Iraqi Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Iraqi communication.The academic studies of other theses and dissertations have also helped in providing necessary information essential to complete the work, from which the most important was the thesis with the title : The Soviet Foreign Politics in the Arabian Gulf Region in 1947 - 1987 by the researcher To'ma Mohammed Yusif and the thesis : The Iraqi - soviet Relationship 1962 - 1988 by Nadhim Yunis Al - Zawy, as well as the thesis : The Iraqi - Soviet Relationship 1980 - 1988 by the researcher Ali Khalid Hamad.
