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الجريمة في ظل التغيرات الاجتماعية والسياسية : دراسة اجتماعية تحليلية == Crime Under the Political and Social Changes An Analytic Social Study

Author name: عماد اسماعيل جميل الرواس

Supervisor name: عبد اللطيف عبد الحميد العاني

General topic: Sociology

Specific topic: Sociology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature - Department Of Sociology

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

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Author name: سوزان سالم داود المندلاوي

Supervisor name: حسين فاضل سلمان

General topic: Sociology

Specific topic: Social Anthropology

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature - Department Of Sociology

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

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الابادة الجماعية في العراق : دراسة اجتماعية == Genocide In Iraq : Social Study

Author name: سعد عبد الحسين دواي سعد

Supervisor name: لاهاي عبد الحسين الدعمي

General topic: Sociology

Specific topic: Sociology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature - Department Of Sociology

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

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Abstract: We conclude from what has been stated to define the concept of genocide and how it developed and approved in the agreement which was known by the agreement of preventing genocide and punishment of the doers, illustrating to us the great importance of this concept which occupied the international community for a long time in order to criminalize such actions to eliminate the other based on nationality, ethnicity, race or religion , so in order to limit these violations that affects the human rights and develops the spirit of racism and ethnical , national and religious bias. This concept has been explained and the most contributions in this regard in order to put the theoretical part on reality and how the genocide happened in Iraq suits the concept approved by the United Nations and enforced it. In order to impart the status of international crimes and genocide on the repression and murder, deportation and other methods of marginalization against Shiites in Iraq, This is a bitter reality lived by the Iraqi society and was designed by the ruling power at that time to kill pluralism and unloading Iraq from the important and biggest sector the Shiites, or at least eliminate them from the important positions in the country unless declares loyalty to the unfair dictatorship in ruling Iraq and represented by the Baath and its men. The crime of genocide committed in southern Iraq in the nineties of the twentieth century are unprecedented crimes, and by the fact that the political system is the one who committed this crime against the Iraqi people in the south on sectarian basis politically motivated, the genocide differs from any other crime committed against humanity, because this crime involves the intent to annihilate a certain group of people in whole or in part, so this crime when committed at any time or place is directed against the whole humanity and against its principles and values, and as stated in the General Assembly decision of the 1946 ( the genocide is the denial of the right of entire groups of human beings in existence just as murder is the denial of the right of individuals of people in life, thus the international charters and laws that prevent and punish for this crime is considered a clear progress in the international community, but this is not without its weaknesses as the Convention, which stipulates on preventing genocide and punishing the perpetrators, left the punishment of the defendants to the courts of the country which committed genocide in its territory, or the international Criminal Court, and that means not to give the right of every country to arrest the perpetrators and trial them, the thing which leads to impunity if they seek refuge to a country that is not a member in the Convention in addition neglecting the genocides in countries outside this Convention, as is the case in Iraq when the authority committed many crimes that can be considered as genocide, according to the Convention and international laws. The study refers to actions taken place which are considered genocide actions against a group and another sector differs in beliefs and ideology from the ideology of the ruling authority. These actions are considered prohibited based on the international criminal law and the laws related to Human Rights. The effects of these actions appeared after 2003 as the when the mass graves appeared and the secret documents were disclosed stating the orders to execute and the eliminate thousands of Shiites in the middle and southern parts of Iraq. All these are among the documents, facts and information collected by the researcher from the families of the victims. In the method of oral history we can say that the crimes committed by the authority and political system in the nineties of the twentieth century against the southern people are genocide crimes based on the agreement of preventing genocide.

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صراع السلطة داخل الاسرة العراقية : دراسة ميدانية في مدينة الكوت == Power Struggle Inside The Iraqi Family Empirical Study In Kut City, Of Wasit Provence

Author name: مريم علي ثابت جبار الحسيني

Supervisor name: فجر جودة علوان

General topic: Sociology

Specific topic: Sociology

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature - Department Of Sociology

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

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Abstract: تعد الاسرة من اهم الجماعات الانسانية التي يرجع اهتمام الفلاسفة والمفكرين والباحثين بمختلف شؤونها واحوالها لعصور موغلة في القدم، وذلك لاهمية هذه الوحدة الانسانية، وعظم تاثيرها في حياة الفرد والجماعة، وسلامة بنيان المجتمع، فهي الوحدة البنائية الاساسية التي | Family is the most important unit of human society. For that reason, many philosophers, thinkers and researchers pay extra attention over time to study its construction, function, problems and effects on its members.When the family is, stable, coherent, smooth and functional, the whole society will be straight forward, on the other hand, many thinkers and researchers believe that problems of modern societies, started as a result of family disorder, which leads to value contradiction and dysfunction.It seems to be natural that the family faces many problems especially in the new nuclear families, as both part of the family (male and female) came from different socio - economic backgrounds, and each of them try to assess the power of the other in order to control each other or having the upper hand over the partner. The power struggle may take place not only because of the desirability of control, but also as a result of daily life pressures through general communications with the milieu of work, friendship and reference groups.The religious background, the family income, education and type of family they live in, may all contributed to create unforeseen problems and effect each member of the family. Beside this, the type of socialisation the partners may have had during their childhood may have a significant affect, as some families raised their children in smooth, and democratic way while others raise them in patriarchal or authoritarian way. Each way of socialisation plays fundamental role in the family stability and functionality. Levels of educational differences like the socialisation differences could have significant effects on the relationship between partners, for instance someone hold a PhD degree, may find it very harsh to live with a partner that can hardly read or write, there would be no common ground to share, they may think in different perspectives, looking to their life from different angles, and that may make their life hell. Nevertheless, if the family faces fundamental obstacles to carry on its life, which is, as we said earlier, seems to be natural, it should have some sharing values that enables its members to coordinate, cooperate and integrate in many ways. Despite all that and from the heart of the problems and the harmony, the family should have the basis for continuity and progress. Thus, in so far, thinkers and researchers can not imagine utopian family void of problems, for that reason “Angles” proclaimed that there is no human family on earth void of problems, and even if it happened it would be temporary and soon will be back to normal. The problems do not necessary undermine the family function or construction unless the problems takes a chronic conflict that could undermine the relationship and poison the normal intimate relations among partners.The current study proved empirically, that the power sharing with in the family could significantly help the stabilization of the family. Although the power sharing depends on the partner’s awareness, the type of family, its income, kinship relations, and the degree of urbanization and industrialization. This study also proved that the entrance of women to the labour market, provide women with additional leverage to fight for their status; the income she gained and the contribution to the family expenses with the new roles she did outside the family domain, gave her extra power inside the family, but such power remained limited because it collides with the traditional value system who provided men with the ultimate power. Accordingly, women still do the same traditional activities despite the power gained, such as cleaning, cooking, rearing children and looking after males in the family (husband, father, brother etc.).Iraqi women, after all, gain some power but they have no confidence to revel this over the social play, in order to have full power.

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ثقافة التجميل في المجتمع العراقي : دراسة انثروبولوجية في منطقتي الجادرية والمنصور

Author name: جنان علي عبد

Supervisor name: ذكرى عبد المنعم ابراهيم

General topic: Sociology

Specific topic: Cultural Anthropology

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature - Department Of Sociology

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

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Abstract: يعد موضوع ثقافة التجميل في المجتمع العراقي في المرحلة الحالية من المواضيع التي استحوذت على اهتمام العلوم الاجتماعية، ولاسيما علم الاجتماع وعلم النفس والانثروبولوجيا، في مجتمعات اخرى، لاسيما عندما يتعدى معناه المادي ليكون جزءا لا يتجزا من سلوك واهتمام ال | Cosmetology currently is among subjects that attracted interest of social sciences : particularly sociology, psychology and anthropology, especially when it exceeds its material meaning to become a part of human conduct and interest. In this sense, the interest of anthropology in the study of cosmetology as a culture, in other words acquired habits and methods, is due to the fact that it became a conduct within human society.The study of the culture of cosmetology in Iraqi society is no exception.Therefore two regions in Baghdad ,namely Jadiriya and Mansour, in which beauty shops widely spread, were chosen. The study aims at finding out images of beauty and its cultural symbolism for Iraqi human, especially the means of beautification, sich as (tattoo), wearing golden ornaments, perforating ears or noses, etc. The study also discusses cultural changes with which modern life is characterized, such as advancement in technology and communication which bridge the distances among peoples, terminating barriers among parts of earth , the matter that made it possible to exchange cultures. Therefore, human's characters and thoughts have changed , modernization became a feature of modern age, means of beautification and senses of beauty have changed in accordance with new cultural influences. Iraqi society has been changed , new ideas arrived, and cosmetology culture is spread. Youth have many new concepts delivered through modern means of communication which became more active when internet is easily accessed by any Iraqi individual.The study adopted some methods, which are descriptive, epistemic, comparative and social survey through smple. Tools of the study were observing through participation , meeting , informers and questionnaire. The study arrived at the following conclusions,1 - Iraq's openness towards world post 2003 and the cultural exchange have direct impact on the thoughts of Iraqi individuals, making them more open to change and admit modern cosmetology means. This made cosmetology occupies a part in the thought and conduct of individuals of Iraqi society.2 - The access to different means of communication led to the spread of beauty shops in Baghdad regions, particularly the ones which are luxurious regions.3 - Youth are most categories which respond to modern means of beautification after the decline of traditional means of beautification.4 - The economical profitable change and the influence of advertisements were among the basic factors behind the spread of beauty shops, which led more people to visit them. This indicates a formation of a culture of cosmetology in the Iraqi society.

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التطرف في الثقافة العراقية : دراسة انثروبولوجية في منطقة بغداد الجديدة == Extremism In Iraqi Culture : An Anthropological Study In Baghdad Al Jadeedah District

Author name: ايوب نوري صبيح ابو رغيف

Supervisor name: احمد عبد الرضا محمد الحسني

General topic: Sociology

Specific topic: Social Anthropology

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature - Department Of Sociology

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

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Abstract: يعد التطرف من الموضوعات الشائكة والمعقدة التي تحتوي الكثير من الجدل والنقاش وتحديدا فيما يتعلق بمفهومه والمعيار الذي يعتمد في تحديد دلالاته فالذي يراه البعض تطرفا يختلف معه الاخر في ذلك وهذا الاختلاف نابع من الاعتقاد والتصور لكل منهما للمفهوم ذاته، وعل | Extremism is one of the controversial and complicated issues particularly arising from its concepts and the standards followed in defining it, since what some consider extreme is controversial to some others; this difference arise from their conceptualization and understanding of the concept itself. However, the general and common definition of the concept is that it is the inclination to take an opinion or action to the extremes. This formed the germ of the study with all its dialectics which are : the Iraqi culture is formed of variable orientations, practices, and extreme ideas about the other. I sought the solution practically by personal examination of one of Baghdad districts carrying all the questions the most important of which is "What is extremism?", "What do people say about it?", "How do they practice it?" , and "What are the social and cultural changes that contributed to motivating and shaping extremism and its manifestations?".The study aims at uncovering the roots, manifestations, and forms of extremism in the Iraqi culture utilizing different tools, approaches, and scientific techniques in the field work of the anthropological research. The study followed the erudite approach or the (auto - conceptualization), believing that it comprehends and collects the tools and techniques of all other approaches. The study includes three main perspectives : the religious, political, and social perspective, resulting in a group of recommendations and findings : 1 - The Iraqi culture is stifled, restrained, and imposing its own beliefs directly or indirectly; it is dialectic and argumentative to a great extent stemming from deeply rooted in still unresolved historical matters, which are manifested as religious, political, and social practices which were solidified in this culture to dominate it. 2 - Extremism is of positive and negative implications. The positive enforces the sense of togetherness within the extremist groups strengthening bonds among them. The negative side is shown in the conflicts and disputes with the "other".The research recommends the following : 1 - The necessity of focusing on the culture of communication and keeping away from classical techniques. Using modern techniques like holding conferences and seminars will help raise the awareness of people. 2 - Religious institutions should practices its power in directing people's awareness. They must issue clear instructions (Fatawa) condemning the practices that are forbidden by religion.

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دور المرجعية الدينية في الحراك الاجتماعي : دراسة اجتماعية ميدانية == The Role Of The Religious Authority In The Social Mobility : A Social Field Study

Author name: احمد خضير حسين عيال

Supervisor name: لاهاي عبد الحسين الدعمي

General topic: Sociology

Specific topic: Sociology

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature - Department Of Sociology

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

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Abstract: تهدف هذه الدراسة معرفة دور المرجعية الدينية في الحراك الاجتماعي داخل المجتمع العراقي والاليات او التوجهات التي استخدمتها لاحداث الحراك الاجتماعي, فضلا عن اوجه التاثير لاحداث الحراك الاجتماعي على الصعيد السياسي والاقتصادي والقيمي, ومدى فاعلية المرجعية ال | The study aims at identifying the role of the re1jgYou$'~. ority in th~ soc~al mobil.ity within ~he Iraqi society. and t~~ - ~~trams/s or onentat10ns that 1t used to brmg about the social mob1ht - yftas, ~f; - l ~s the effects to produce the socialmobilityat the political, economic and moral levels, in addition to the effectiveness of the religious authority in dealing with the political, economic and social issues in the Iraqi society. Thus, the stu.dy is trying to answer a number of questions, the most important of ; which are : How did the religious authority contribute to the reinforcement and support of the political participation? Has it influenced the direction and management of social conditions? How effective is its influence in presenting social, political and economic issues in the Iraqi society? The current study obtains its scientific and social importance through the role played by the religious authority in the social mobility within the Iraqi society in an attempt to change the reality or contribute to it with its intellectual orientations which in tum contributed to being the main actor in changing the events. This study also acquires importancedue to the fact that the religious authority is an important religious institution whose significance is represented by the foreign migration to it, either for therequest for knowledge, livelihood or blessing, and this migration has benefits in the religious,cultural and social arena. The theories of Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, and Pitirim Sorokin represented an illustrative conceptual framework for the study. It also aims to identify the effectiveness of religious authority in dealing with political, social and economic issues in the Iraqi society.The current study is a field study in which the social survey method was used to achieve the study objectives and answer its questions. The study reached a number of results the most important of which are as follows : 1 - Elections are one of the main points in the religious authority's project being the only reference that determines the fate of the Iraqi people and the fate of those who have the right to receive power and administer the country. Thus the religious authority favored a democracy based on the direct popular voting, asserting that it is the best way to remove the occupation, let alone its clear expression that Iraq's governance is not by a national or sectarian majority rather by a political majority formed by the elections.2 - The religious authority was keen to write a worldly permanent constitution for Iraq, that is to say, it is enacted through a peopleelected body, under which the parliamentary elections were held on '15 December 2005, which brought about thecurrent parliament.3 - The role of the religious authority in Najafemerges in the times of crises and major historical transformations, so it plays the role of the guide, director and advisor.4 - Although the role of the religious authority was honorable in saving the Iraqi blood and fighting the sectarian strife, yet there was a lack of awareness among some segments of the Iraqi society, and this was clear when some did not commit themselves to thedirectives of the supreme religious authority. 5 - The religious authority plays a major role in preserving the unity of the social fabric and promoting the values of love, social cohesion and cohesion among the various segments of the Iraqi society.6 - The interest of the religious authority in the educational sectors reflects the extent of its keenness on the importance of these institutions in enhancing the cultural and educational aspect in the minds of individuals.7 - - The clear speech of the religious authority which reflects the bad reality of Iraq, witnessed throughout the last stage, emerged due to the worsening of the crisis among the political forces and the spread of corruption that hit all state institutions, as well as theprivileges and special positions granted to senior officials in the Iraqi state. Therefore, it sought through its speech to achieve the political and judicial reform and distance all institutions of all kinds of partisan and politicization directing the government totake serious steps in the process of real reform and ach~~ social Justice.

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الجريمة السياسية وانعكاساتها على المجتمع العراقي : دراسة ميدانية في محافظة واسط

Author name: احمد ياسين احمد الجواري

Supervisor name: نبيل نعمان اسماعيل التكريتي

General topic: Sociology

Specific topic: Sociology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature - Department Of Sociology

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

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Author name: اسو ابراهيم عبد الله

Supervisor name: احسان محمد الحسن

General topic: Sociology

Specific topic: Sociology

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature - Department Of Sociology

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

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ستراتيجية تطوير واقع الرعاية الاجتماعية لطلبة الصم والبكم : دراسة ميدانية في معاهد الصم والبكم في مدينة بغداد

Author name: عامر خزعل عبد الامير الموسوي

Supervisor name: صبيح شهاب حمد محمد

General topic: Sociology

Specific topic: Social Service

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature - Department Of Sociology

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

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