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فعالية مستخلصات بعض الطحالب الكبيرة للفطريات الممرضة للنبات == Activity of Some Macro - Algae Extracts Against Phytopathogenic Fungi

Author name: دنيا يوسف محمد يوسف
Supervisor name: عبد اللطيف محمد جواد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية عزل وتشخيص طحالب كبيرة من بيئتين مائيتين محليتين مختلفتين. تم عزل ثلاث طحالب كبيرة هي Cladophora glomerata (N) وEnteromorpha rafsii من منطقه بحر النجف في محافظة النجف, في حين عزل Cladophora glomerata (R) من احد مبازل منطقة الراشدية ش | The present study includes isolation and identification of Macro - algae from two different environmental water bodies. Three Macro - algae were isolated, Cladophora glomerata (N) and Enteromorpha ralfsii from Baher Al - Najaf region in Holy Najaf city. In addition, C. glomerata (R) was isolated from Al - Rashdiya, north of Baghdad.Phytopathogenic fungi from soil and some infected fruits were also isolated. They were identified as Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani.Water and ethanol were used to extract each algae to evaluate their antifungal activity against isolated phytopathogenic fungi. Different concentrations of these algal extracts had been prepared which are (10, 25 and 50) mg/ml and the antagonistic activity against the isolated phytopathogenic fungi were evaluated, the hot and cold water extracts did not show any antagonistic activity against fungi. However, all these extracts were ignored in the future work for this study. Furthermore, the hot ethanolic extract was more efficient than these of cold ethanolic extracts. Results have been shown that there were significant differences when macro - algal ethanolic extract were used.C. glomerata (R), which isolated from Al - Rashdiya, was more efficient against tested fungi than the same alga what isolated from Baher Al - Najaf region. However, E. ralfsii extract was more efficient against tested fungi than C. glomerata (N). Percentage of inhibition against P. ultimum when hot ethanolic extract of E. ralfsii, C. glomerata(R) and C. glomerata(N) were (88.8, 83.3 and 63.3) respectively.However, results for cold ethanolic extract of the same algae were (63.3, 52.2 and 32.2) respectively when 50 mg/ml of algal extracts were used.Percentage of inhibition against R. solani when hot ethanolic extract of E. ralfsii, C.glomerata (R) and C.glomerata(N) were (94.4, 100 and 78.8) respectively.However, results for cold ethanolic extract of the same algae were (66.6, 64.4 and 48.8) respectively when 50 mg/ml was used. According to the difference in biological activities against those phytopathogenic fungi caused by the same species of macro - algae or different genera from different environments. Due to difference in biological activity of the same macro - algae species Physiochemical parameter for each environments obtained such as air and water temperature, Turbidity (NTU), Electrical Conductivity(EC)and Salinity%, Water pH, CA+2 concentration, Mg+2 concentration, Total Hardness and Total Alkalinity. Results indicated that soaked Cucumis sativus and Capsicum annum seeds in cold and hot ethanolic macro - algae extracts of (E. ralfsii, C. glomerata (R) and C.glomerata (N) for 24 hours were able to protect seed germination that have been grown in a Petri dish contaminated with P. ultimum and R. solani comparing with control. In addition, results indicated that spraying C. sativus and C. annum seedling with these algal extracts within two weeks old again protects these seedlings from the same phytopathogenic fungi either before or after 24 hr. However, results indicated that adding the algal extracts within two months age to the C. sativus and C. annum plants again protects these plants from the same phytopathogenic fungi comparing with control and fungicide treatment. Moreover, results indicated that the active chemical compounds in E. ralfsii was Tannins, Saponins and Flavonoids. While C. glomerata was contained Tannins, Saponins, Alkaloid and Phenols. Results indicated that both hot crud methanolic extract of C. glomerata (R) and E. ralfsii have a lot of active chemical compounds against micro - organisms by using the GC - Mass Spectrometry technology.

التحري عن بعض عوامل الضراوة للزائفة الزنجارية المعزولة من الحليب الخام والجبن الطري == Detection of Some Virulence Factors of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated From Raw Milk And Soft Cheese

Author name: عبد الكریم كاظم عبد الحسین الحسب
Supervisor name: علي حسن احمد الشمري
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Food Hygiene
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Veterinary Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: In order to detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in food - chain especially from Cows raw milk and soft cheese with its whey, this study was designed in some regions of Baghdad (College of Veterinary Medicine, Abu - Ghraib, Al - Sadrya & Al - Radwaniyah), in which a standard isolation methods were used with some modification processing by new, modern and rapid technology tools such as chromogenic medium CNP agar and Electronic rapid Microbact TM 24E panel identification system supported by standard color differential chart and online American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) Codes; aids in rapid and precise identification, differentiation, confirmation and enumeration of P. aeruginosa isolates from raw dairy samples; as well as, detection of biofilm producing versatile morphotypes with chameleon phenomenon and fruity odour; and demonstration the activity of food spoilage enzymes (protease, lipase & lecithinase) of isolates with thermo - stability and viability in different temperatures with bitty cream and ropy fermentation phenomenon. The results profile showed : 1. Isolation of 46 (76.7%) isolate of P. aeruginosa from a total of 60 Cow Dairy samples : 30 Raw Milk samples (pooled from milk cans and apparently healthy Cows with a history of mastitis cases) as 19 (31.7%) isolates from regions of College of Veterinary Medicine, Abu - Ghraib and Al - Sadrya (10 from each region); and 30 Soft Cheese with its Whey samples (pooled from unhygienic processed cheese and containers in unclean dirty environment and apparently carrier or diseased workers) as 27 (45%) isolates from regions of Abu - Ghraib, Al - Sadrya and Al - Radwaniyah (10 from each region). Isolation percentages of oxidase positive P. aeruginosa from selected Regions in Baghdad Province indicates significant differences among regions at a level (P?0.05), in which highest isolation percent of P. aeruginosa from Abu - Ghraib as 20 (33.4%) isolates (10 isolates from raw milk and 10 isolates from soft cheese) in accordance to 17 (28.4%) isolates from Al - Sadrya (9 isolates from raw milk and 8 isolates from soft cheese), 9 (15%)SUMMARYisolates from Al - Radwaniyah (9 isolates from soft cheese) without any isolate from College of Veterinary Medicine, which may indicate good hygienic measurements.2. Segregation of isolates into two Haemolytic Patterns : Livestock type origin, lysis only sheep blood (L - type) as 19 (41.30%) isolates from raw milk samples; and Zoonotic type lysis, both blood (Z - type) as 27 (58.70%) isolates from soft cheese with its whey as high prevalence due to critical processing chain, risky carrier individuals and contaminated environment or polluted water supply. This may indicate indirectly genetic diversity and host or cross individual tropism in haemolysins - phospholipases activity according to different types of samples, regions and hosts.3. The study revealed isolation and segregation of versatile morphotypes and five pigments with fruity odor (Chameleon phenomenon) with mucoid drippy due to alginate or small colonial variants smooth or rough or both especially in isolate code M7 from mastitic milk and isolate code C27 from contaminated soft cheese and its whey. Wrinkled - Corroded green morphotypes were more evident in blood agar due to secretion of siderophore pyoverdine in order to chelating iron for activation of isolate. Motility Pattern with TTC salts was evident in all isolates with three types of motility : swarming, swimming and twitching, that noticed obviously in M7 isolate.4. New technology biochemical identification panel system (Microbact TM 24E) confirm that isolates were P. aeruginosa at level (P?0.01) after online matching with standard Remel ATCC Octalcodes bank of P. aeruginosa, in which 5 octalcodes typical and atypical were documented, that indicate genetic diversity in biochemical reactions of isolates and their morphotypes, modified microbial gene sharing protocol of P. aeruginosa with other bacteria and highly Sensitivity and Specificity of the test panel.SUMMARY5. Detection and isolation of Biofilm producing isolates by five methods, in which microtiter plate assay was the most sensitive and realizable technique while Congo red agar test detect quantity and type of biofilm production through colour of colonies (black very strong and huge, gray strong, pink moderate and white fair or non - producer). Biofilm produced in most morphotypes with pellicles at liquid interphase and ropy viscous threads (sliminess) and bitty cream especially in isolate codes M7 and C27. Small colonial variants of some morphotypes can revert to mucoid drippy variants. M7 showed unusual ropy thread of 30 cm long.6. The results showed secretion of thermo and psychro stable and labile food spoilage enzymes (protease, lipase and lecithinase) from isolates, in which versatile morphotypes showed indirectly diverse genetic ability, this may indicate variation of thermal tolerance mechanisms (heat shock proteins and biofilms formation) in isolates in accordance to time and temperature of processing, that linked genetically with the quorum sense mechanisms of acyl homoserine lactone gene regulatory region (AHL) in P. aeruginosa isolates (Stress Hardening phenomenon).7. The results showed the genetic ability (indirectly) of some isolates to resist, tolerate and proliferate in acidic environment at pH 2 & 4 especially isolate M7 & C27, while intermediate to susceptible tolerance of pH were noticed in others. This may indicate the power of electromagnetic charged net field of complex polymeric matrix of alginate exopolysaccharide layers in protecting some isolates from adverse acidic environment due to quorum sensing behavior of M7 & C27.Therefore, it could be concluded from this study that P. aeruginosa was prevalent in food chain especially from Cows raw milk and soft cheese with its whey samples from some regions in Baghdad, and Biofilm producing isolates with their thermo and psychro stable enzymes complex system and their tolerance to acidic environment stressors were more dangerous thus, we recommend monitoring these products periodically for insurance of public health.

تقدير الظواهر الفمويه والعوامل المناعيه في اللعاب عند مرضى سرطان الغدد اللمفاويه قبل وبعد العلاج الكيميائي == Assessment of Oral Manifestations And Salivary Immunological Markers In Patients With Lymphoma Before And After Receiving Chemotherapy

Author name: محمد حسن عبد الشهید
Supervisor name: فواز داوود الاسود
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Dentistry
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Lymphomas are group of diseases caused by malignant lymphocytes that accumulate in lymph nodes and caused the characteristics lymphadenopathy.Occasionally, they may spill over into blood or infiltrate organs outside the lymphoid tissue The major subdivision of lymphomas is into Hodgkin's lymphoma and non - Hodgkin's lymphoma and this is based on the histologicpresence of Reed - Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's lymphoma. Aims of the study : The aims of this study were to determine the percentage of oral manifestations and identify the levels of salivary immunoglobulin A, interluekin - 6 and tumor necrosis factor - ? in lymphoma patients before the treatment and after receiving three cycles of chemotherapy in comparison with healthy control individuals.Subjects, materials and methods : The study included 25 patients( 15 male and 10 female ) with non - Hodgkin's lymphoma (B - cell type), 25 patients( 16 male and 9 female ) with Hodgkin's lymphoma and 25 ( 15 male and 10 female ) healthy control group with no signs and symptoms of any systemic disease and age, sex match with patient groups.Those patients were examined pre and post chemotherapy to see the oral manifestations and compared with healthy control group. Whole unstimulated saliva was collected to determine the level of salivaryimmunological markers which measured by Enzyme Link Immunosorbent Assay.IVResults : The percentage of oral manifestations was taste alteration in non - Hodgkin's lymphoma patients ( 36% ) and in Hodgkin's lymphoma patients ( 16% ) , followed by burning mouth syndrome ( 20% ) in non - Hodgkin's lymphoma patients and ( 16% ) in Hodgkin's lymphoma patients and lastly dry mouth was ( 12% ) in both non - Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma groups. In the present study there was no oral manifestations in both study groups before starting chemotherapy, and the mentioned oral manifestations incident after receiving chemotherapy regimens. The levels of salivary immunoglobulin A, interluekin - 6 and tumor necrosis factor - ? were significantly higher in pre - treatment patients in comparison with control group, and there was a significant decrease after chemotherapy treatment when compared to their base line levels in both study groups.Conclusions : The most frequent oral manifestations in lymphoma patients was taste alteration followed by burning mouth syndrome and dry mouth , and male patients affected more than females.The salivary immunological markers levels were higher in lymphomapatients than control, then these markers showed obvious decrease in patients after chemotherapy treatment

تاثير مستخلصات الشاي الاخضر على مسببات امراض انسجة الاسنان الرابطة (بكتريا البورفايروموناس اللثوية وبكتريا اجريجاتيباكتر اكتينومايستيمكومتانس) : دراسة مختبرية == Antibacterial Effects of Green Tea Extracts On Periodontal Pathogens (Aggregatibacter Ctinomycetemcomitans And Porphyromonas Gingivalis) (In Vitro Study)

Author name: ميس جمال مجيد
Supervisor name: سيف سهام سليم
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Around the Teeth Diseases
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Dentistry - Department Of Periodontics And Peridontics
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: المقدمة : الشاي الاخضرهو واحد من المشروبات العلاجية القديمة والشعبية المستهلكة في جميع انحاء العالم، وهو مشتق من ورقة للنبات "كاميليا سينينسيس", يمكن ان يحضر كمشروب، والذي يمكن ان يكون له العديد من الاثار الصحية الشاملة او "مستخلص" يمكن الحصول عليه من الاو | Background : Green Tea is one of the most ancient and popular therapeutic beverages consumed around the world, it is made from the leaf of the plant “Camellia sinensis”. It can be prepared as a drink, which can have many systemic health effects or an “extract” which can be made from the leaves to be used as medicine. Green tea is reported to contain thousands of bioactive ingredients including catechins, catechins found in the tea have shown promise for having antimicrobial effects.Aim of study : to test the effect of green tea extracts on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in comparison to 0.2% chlorohexidine gluconate and distilled water in vitro.Materials and Methods : plaque samples were collected from 20 patients with no signs of any systemic disease suffering from chronic periodontitis with probing pocket depth of at least 6 mm, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were isolated and diagnosed according to morphological characteristic and biochemical test. Green tea leaves were extracted by using water and alcohol. This study involved two experiments in vitro concerning the effects of green tea extracts on these bacteria in addition to analysis of the extracts to determine the concentrations of the catechins in each extract. The first experiments involved testing the sensitivity of A.a and P.g to different concentrations of the extracts in addition to chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% and distilled water using agar well diffusion method, the second experiment involved determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration of the extracts that inhibits the bacterial growth and then determination of the minimum bactericidal concentration of the extract that was requires to kill the bacteria. The present study also involved laboratory analysis of green tea extracts using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results : Both green tea extracts were effective in inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans using agar well diffusion method, 90% and 100% concentrations of alcoholic extract showed larger inhibition zones than chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% with statistically significant difference, CHX showed higher inhibition zones than all aqueous extract concentrations.The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of alcoholic green tea extract that inhibit Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans growth was 60% and it was the same for Porphyromonous gingivalis.The MIC of aqueous green tea extract that inhibits Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans growth was 70% and MIC of aqueous green tea extract extract that inhibits Porphyromonous gingivalis was 80%.The MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) of alcoholic green tea extract that kills Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was 80%, the MBC of alcoholic green tea extract that kills Porphyromonous gingivalis was 90%, the MBC of aqueous green tea extract that kills Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans growth was 90%, which was also the same for Porphyromonous gingivalis.HPLC analysis of aqueous and alcoholic green tea extracts that were used in this study revealed that alcoholic extract contained higher concentration of EGCG while aqueous extract had higher content of catechin and epicatechin.Conclusion : green tea extracts were effective against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, alcoholic green tea extract showed inhibition ability more than the aqueous green tea extract and more than chlorhexidine gluconate and it showed bactericidal activity at 80%, 90% and 100% concentrations.

الطريقة السريرية للتنبؤ بكثافة العظام السخية في المنطقة الواقعة بين الضاحك الثاني والطاحن الاول في البالغين العراقيين اصحاب الاطباق الطبيعي == Clinical Method For Prediction of Alveolar Bone Mineral Density In The Area Between The 2Nd Premolar And 1St Molar In Iraqi Adults With Class I Occlusion

Author name: مها علي حسن الجبوري
Supervisor name: هديل علي حسين الهاشمي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Orthodontics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Dentistry - Orthodontics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Orthodontic mini - implants are increasingly used in orthodontics and the bone density is a very important factor in stabilization and success of mini - implant.The aim of this study was to observe the relationship among maximum bite force; body mass index; face width, height; masseter muscle length, width and thickness; and bone density in an attempt to predict bone density from these variables to eliminate the need for CT scan which have a hazard on patient.Computed tomographic images were obtained for 70 patients (24 males and 46 females) with age range 18 - 30 years. The cortical and cancellous bone density was measured between maxillary and mandibular 2nd premolar and 1st molar at two levels from the alveolar crest (3 and 6 mm). Face height and width and masseter muscle length, width and thickness were measured from CT. Clinically; Maximum bite force was measured on first molar region unilaterally by a digital device. The sample was divided into two groups according to the body mass index into; normal and overweight.The results that were obtained showed that there were no significant differences in bone density or maximum bite force in both genders. Only the cortical bone density in maxilla in overweight group tended to be higher than normal body mass index group. The face width and height correlated significantly negatively with or maximum bite force which correlated significantly positively with cortical bone density and masseter muscle width.It was concluded that a prediction of cortical bone density of preselected areas can be made from maximum bite force, body mass index and inter - zygomatic width

التقييم النسيجي والميكانيكي للتكامل العظمي لزرعات التتانيوم بعد تحرير تصميم الجزء المسنن من الزراعة او طلائها بمادة بذور الكتان : دراسة تجريبية على الارانب == Histological And Mechanical Evaluation of The Osseointegration of Titanium Implants By The Modification of Thread Design And/Or Coating With Flaxseed (An Experimental Study On Rabbits)

Author name: مصطفى هادي جواد
Supervisor name: عذراء يحيى الحجازي | نبيل كاظم عبد الصاحب
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral Histology
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Dental implant surface technologies have been evolving rapidly to enhance a more rapid bone formation on their surface and hold a potential to increase the predictability of expedited implant therapy.Numerous surface modification approaches have been developed for all classes of dental implants to modulate biological responses and improve the osseointegration and primary stability. Hence, Implant threads should be designed to maximize the delivery of optimal favorable stresses while minimizing the amount of extreme adverse stresses to the bone implant interface. In addition, using of biomaterial coating of implant surface for the enhancement of bone formation has been achieved through the modulation of osteoblasts adhesion and spreading that induced better stability and more implant surface contact area.The aims of the study are : 1. Evaluation of titanium implant osseointegration by the modification of thread design and I or coating its surface by Flaxseed.2. Evaluate the new surface modification of titanium implant, histologically, mechanically and radiographically.Materials and methods : One hundred and twenty eight commercially pure titanium (CpTi) screws were implanted in rabbit tibiae. Implants were divided as follows : 1. Dual - threaded group (32 implants). 2. Single - threaded coated with grinded flaxseed group (32 implants).3. Single - threaded with central groove (32 implants).4. Single - threaded (control) group (32 implants).Histological, mechanical and radiographical analysis were performed for all implants after each healing periods (2,4,6 and 8) weeks.Results : 1. Dual - threaded implant illustrated the highest mean value in thread width and removal torque, and it showed mature bone at 8 weeks.2. Grooved implant illustrated close opposing threads. 3. Coated implant illustrated highest mean value in osteoblast cell count and showed a proliferating cartilage zone that later on degenerated and replaced by bone.Conclusion : The present results conclude that each modified implants shows a different benefits whether a modification of the implant surface mechanically (dual or grooved thread) or by coating the implants with Flaxseed.

الظهور الكيميائي النسيجي المناعي للاوستيوكالسين، OC عاملا لنمو المحول بيتا واحد TGF - B1 وبروتين الشكل العظمي سبعة BMP - 7 في خلل التنسج الليفي والورم الليفي المعظم في عظام الفك : دراسة مقارنة == Immunohistochemicalexpression of Osteocalcin, Transforming Growth Factor Beta - 1And Bone Morphogenetic Protein - 7 In Fibrous Dysplasia And Ossifying Fibroma of The Jaw Bones Acomparative Study

Author name: فرح غسان ابراهیم
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Fibrous Dysplasia & Ossifying Fibroma of the jawsare maxillofacial fibroosseous lesions sharing anoverlapping clinicopathological characteristics. This can be diagnostically challenging for pathologists& surgeons. It is important to make the distinction because of differences in their clinical behavior, modes of treatment and prognosis.Osteocalcin is an immunohistochemicalmarker; secreted by osteoblasts and its high serum levelsare correlated with increased bone mineraldensity. It is therefore, used as biomarker for boneformation process and also has a role in regulationof osteoblast function.Transforming growth factor beta - 1 is a multifunctional regulator of cell growth which will either stimulate or inhibit proliferation of mesenchymal cells depending on the presence of other growth factors. It is secreted by osteoblasts and is very abundant in bone matrix. Bone morphogenetic protein - 7is a member of transforming growth factor - b superfamily; it is widely expressed during embryonic growth, and is an essential morphogen in renal, skeletal, and eye development.Aims of the study : This study aimedto evaluate and compare the Immunohistochemical expression ofosteocalcin, transforming growth factor beta - 1 andbone morphogenetic protein - 7in the pathogenesis of Fibrous dysplasia and Ossifying fibroma of the jaw bones,correlate the expression of the aforementioned markers in these lesions.Analyze theimmunohistochemical expression ofosteocalcin, Transforming growth factor beta - 1 & bone morphogenetic protein - 7 inFibrous dysplasia & Ossifying fibroma, in order to assess its potential role in differentiation between these two disease entities.Materials&Methods : A total of 30 retrospective formalin - fixed, paraffin - embedded tissue blocks were included in this study, 15 were diagnosed asFibrous dysplasia of the jaws and 15 were ofOssifying fibroma of the jaws. Animmunohistochemicalstaining method using ofosteocalcin,transforming growthfactor beta - 1 andbone morphogenetic protein - 7 monoclonal antibodies were performed.Results : The results revealed that the majority of cases (73.33%) were females for each Fibrous dysplasia &Ossifying fibroma. the age range was (8 - 35)years for Fibrous dysplasia and (7 - 50)years forOssifying fibroma. For Fibrous dysplasia most cases presented in maxilla (66.76%) while for Ossifying fibroma most of the cases presented in mandible (73.33), with more predominant Fibrous dysplasia cases in molar area (60%) and more presented Ossifying fibroma cases in premolar & molar area (33.33%). Statistically significant difference was found between Fibrous dysplasia&Ossifying fibroma cases regarding jaws & site distribution (P=0.02&0.04) respectively.Osteocalcin positive immunohistochemicalexpression was found in fibroblast - like cells in 4 cases(26.66%) of Fibrous dysplasia and in 7 cases (46.67%) of Ossifying fibroma, according to Chi - square test the result showed statistically significant difference regarding osteocalcin expression in Fibrous dysplasia &Ossifying fibroma (P=0.04). Transforming growth factor beta - 1 was positivelyexpressed in 8cases (53.3%) of Fibrous dysplasiaand 10 cases (66.67%) of Ossifying fibroma. Bone morphogenetic protein - 7showed positive expression in 2 cases (13.3%) of Fibrous dysplasia and 4 cases (26.7%) ofossifying fibroma.Statistically non - significant difference regarding the immunohistochemicalexpression of transforming growth factor beta - 1 and bone morphogenetic protein - 7in Fibrous dysplasia &Ossifying fibroma. Moreover significant correlation was found regardingtransforming growth factor beta - 1 expression in response to bone morphogenetic protein - 7in Fibrous dysplasia (P=0.03)and osteocalcin expression in response totransforming growth factor beta - 1 in Ossifying fibroma (P=0.01).Conclusions : Transforming growth factor beta - 1 expressin the majority of Fibrous dysplasia &Ossifying fibroma cases indicate its important role in the process of osteogenesis. The significant correlation seen regarding the expression of some of the studied markers with each other suggest their cooperative role in the pathogenesis of Fibrous dysplasia &Ossifying fibroma

الظواهر الفمية، مؤشرات عامل الغلوبولين المناعي اللعابي A، الانترلوكين واحد بيتا وعامل تنخر الورم الفا في لعاب مرضى - الكلى المزمن الخاضعين للغسل الكلوي في محافظة ميسان == Oral Findings, Salivary IgA, Interlukin - 1 Beta And Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Markers In Saliva of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis In Missan Governorate

Author name: فارس عبد حاتم
Supervisor name: زاهدة جاسم محمد
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Dentistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Chronic kidney disease refers to an irreversible deterioration in renal function which classically develops over a period of years, the ageing of populations along with the growing prevalence of chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension is leading to worldwide increase in the number of chronic kidney disease patients, the patients suffering from chronic renal failure face oral health related problems because it affects the bone and soft tissue structures.During hemodialysis, blood contact with a foreign surface, such as a complement - activating dialytic membrane, promotes a variety of complex and interrelated events, leading to an acute inflammatory response.Cytokines are a broad and loose category of small proteins that are important in cell signaling, they are released by cells and affect the behavior of other cells, they are important in health and disease, specifically in host responses to infection, immune responses, inflammation, trauma, sepsis, cancer and reproduction.Aims of study : The aims of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral findings, salivary flow rate and evaluation of salivary immunoglobulin A, interleukin - 1? and tumor necrosis factor ? levels in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis treatment in comparison with healthy control, and investigate if there is a relation between these salivary parameters (salivary flow rate, salivary immunoglobulin A, interleukin - 1? and tumor necrosis factor ? levels) in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis (less and more than one year) and finally find the correlation between salivary parameters in patients group.Methods : Ninety (90) subjects were participated in this study, they were divided into two groups : Patients group comprised of 45 subjects undergoing hemodialysis with chronic kidney diseases; Control group comprised of 45 subjects with no history of any systemic diseases.Intra oral examination was done for each individual to record the prevalence of oral findings in chronic kidney diseases patients. Saliva collected was measured and levels of salivary immunoglobulin A, interleukin - 1? and tumor necrosis factor ? were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa).Results : The most frequent oral findings in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis, in this study were dry mouth (77.7%), uremic breath (bad odor) (55.5%) , taste alteration (55.5%), angular chelitis (35.5%), mucosal pallor (26.6%), burning mouth syndrome (28.8%), staining of teeth (26.6%), oral ulceration (11.1%) and petechia and ecchymosis (2.2%), and the present study showed that no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) were found in oral findings distribution except angular chelitis which showed statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between chronic kidney diseases patients on hemodialysis for less than one year & for more than one year. According to salivary flow rate, the present study found that there was a significant difference in patients with chronic kidney disease in comparison to healthy control subjects, also statistically there was no significant difference in salivary parameters (salivary immunoglobulin A, interleukin - 1? and tumor necrosis factor ? and salivary flow rate) in chronic kidney diseases patients on hemodialysis for less than one year & for more than one year. The present study showed that there was no correlation between salivary parameters (salivary immunoglobulin A, interleukin - 1? and tumor necrosis factor ? and salivary flow rate) except salivary immunoglobulin A and interleukin - 1? showed positive significant linear correlation (r=0.368, p=0.006) and negative significant linear correlation between salivary immunoglobulin A and salivary flow rate (r= - 0.275, p=0.009).Conclusions : Cytokines may play roles in pathogenesis of chronic kidney diseases represented by increasing interleukin - 1? and tumor necrosis factor ? levels in saliva of those patients, the chronic kidney diseases patients on hemodialysis recommended comprehensive professional oral care and self - care instructions

العلامات الالتهابية اللعابية وعلاقتها بحالة الفم الصحية بين مجموعة من الصبيان الذين يعانون من السمنة بعمر 21 سنة == Salivary Inflammatory Biomarkers In Relation To Oral Health Status Among Obese Boys Aged 12 Years

Author name: عاتكة رسول عزيز
Supervisor name: احلام طه محمد
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Preventive Dentistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Worldwide, obesity trends are causing serious public health concerns and significantly increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. It has an effect on the person`s general health including the oral health. Aims of the study : This study was designed to investigate the oral health status among a group of obese boys in relation to salivary inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin - 6 and Creactive protein) and selected salivary elements.Materials and methods : The study group consists of forty obese boy of an age 12 year, and forty normal weighted boy of the same age as a control group. Assessment of nutritional status was done by using Body Mass Index specific for age and gender. Dental caries severity was recorded by using the index of Muhlemann (1976). Plaque index of Silness and Loe (1964) was used for plaque assessment, calculus component of periodontal disease index of Ramfjord (1959) was used for calculus assessment and gingival condition assessed according to gingival index of Loe and Silness (1963). Unstimulated salivary samples were collected under standardized condition, salivary flow rate was determined and then the salivary samples chemically analyzed to determine the concentration of salivary interleukine - 6, Creactive protein, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus.Results : Caries experience of permanent dentition (DMFS) among study group was lower than that among control group with significant difference (P<0.05) for D2, while caries experience of primary dentition (dmfs) was significantly (P<0.05) lower among study group compared with control group with significant difference (P<0.05) for ds and highly significant difference (P<0.01) for d4.Salivary flow rate was lower among study group compared with control group with no significant difference. No significant correlations (P>0.05) were recorded between salivary flow rate and dental caries, oral cleanliness and gingivalhealth conditions among both groups. The mean value of plaque, calculus and gingival indices were not significantly lower among study group compared with control group. A positive highly significant correlations (P<0.01) were recorded between gingival and plaqueindices among both groups. The level of salivary interleukin - 6 (pg/ml) was higher among study group compared with control group with no significant difference between them; whereas there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding C - reactive protein (?g/ml) level. Salivary calcium and magnesium levels (mg/dl) were highly significantly (P<0.01) lower among study group compared with control group, whereas salivary phosphorus level (mg/dl) was not significantly higher among study group compared with control group. Salivary interleukin - 6 and C - reactive protein were negatively correlated with dental caries of both dentitions among study group with significant correlation (P<0.05) between IL - 6 and D2, while they were correlated positively with dental caries of both dentitions among control group with highly significant correlation (P<0.01) between IL - 6 and D3 and significant correlation (P<0.05) between IL - 6 and d4. Salivary calcium was correlated positively highly significantly (P<0.01) withDMFS and significantly (P<0.05) with D4 among control group. Salivary magnesium was correlated positively significantly (P<0.05) with DMFS and D2 among study group; also it was correlated negatively highly significantly (P<0.01) with d3 amongcontrol group. Salivary phosphorus was correlated significantly (P<0.05) in positive direction with d3 among study group; also it was correlated highly significantly (P<0.01) in negative direction with DMFS and significantly (P<0.05) in positivedirection with d3 among control group.

اثر التطبيق الموضعي من الكركمين مسحوق وزيت اساسي على التئام جروح الجلد : دراسة نسيجية وكيميائية نسيجية مناعية في الارانب == Evaluation The Effect of Topical Application of Curcumin Powder And Essential Oil On Skin Wound Healing In Rabbits (Histological And Immunohistochemical Study On IGF - 1R)

Author name: نضال حسين محمد
Supervisor name: بان عبد الغني جميل
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral Histology
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: خلفية الموضوع : طب الاعشاب يمكن ان يعرف كواحد من فروع الطب باشكال مختلفة. وقد اثبت كركمين الكركم فعاليته كماده ملونة، ومنكهة واستخدم تقليديا في الطب،فقد اظهر له خصائص ملحوظه مضادة للالتهابا ت، مضادات الاكسده وخصائص بيولوجية متنوعة.ان عدم وجود سمية للكركم | Back ground : Herbal medicine can be called one of the branches of medicines in various forms.Turmeric curcumin has proved it's efficiencies a coloring, flavoring agent and has been traditionally used in medicine, exhibiting remarkable anti - inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The varied biological properties of curcumin and lack of toxicity even when administered at higher doses makes it attractive toexplore its use in various disorders like diseases of skin.It is good potential agent for wound healing.Considerable interest has been focused on curcumin compound, mechanisms that drive wound repair are complex and have challenged wound - healing investigators for many years.Aims of the study : To evaluate the effects of topical application of curcumin (powder and essential oil)on skin wound healing histologically and immunhistochemically.Materials and methods : Sixty four New Zealand rabbits were used in this study, they were divided into four groups (16 animals for each healing period)each group was subdivided as follows : - Experimental groups(8 rabbits)subdivided into : a - Right facial side of(eight rabbits animal) for essential oil application Left facial side of(eight rabbits animal)for curcumin powder application - Control group (eight rabbits)(right facial sides used as control). Histological evaluation of wound healing was performed for all studied groups.Imunohistochemical analysis was utilized to localize and characterizethe IGF - R1 immuno positive cells at the wound site of allgroups (experimental and control).Results : Histological findings of the present study have shown that reepithelialization, wound contraction were accelerated after topical application of curcumin and essential oil. The results ofimmunohistochemical examination of this study revealed that there was increased expression of IGF - 1R by epithelial and connective tissue cells of skin especially with the topical application of curcumin oil at wound site.Conclusion : - Essential oil is more effective in enhancement of wound healing regarding histological and immuonohistochemical assessment revealed higher mean values of positive expression for insulin growth factor1receptor(IGF - 1R) , (for both stromal and epidermal).

دراسة نسيجية , شكليه نسيجيه ونسيجية مناعية للاستخدام الموضعي ل VEGF / Collagen I في تجويف الاسنان المقلوعة : دراسة تجريبية على الجرذان == Histological, Histomorphometrical And Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Local Application of Collagen I And /Or Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (An Experimental Study In Rats

Author name: رفل راشد عبد السادة
Supervisor name: عذراء يحيى الحجازي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Around the Teeth Diseases
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Dentistry - Department Of Periodontics And Peridontics
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Back ground : Healing socket consists of three new tissue components; epithelium, connective tissue, and bone tissue. Interactive dynamic changes take place between these 3 components during healing period.During the process of healing of the extraction socket the following events occur : firstly, a blood clot (mainly blood cells and network of fibrin) forms and fills the empty socket. Then, the blood clot matures and is organized by the formation of granulation tissue (rich in newly formed vascular structure, abundance of inflammatory cells. The granulation tissue replaces the blood clot completely by the seventh day. After 20 days, the granulation tissue was replaced by collagen, and bone began forming at the base and the periphery of the extraction socket. Epithelium covers the newly formed bone that filled the socket.The healing cascade of all wounds ultimately requires neovascularization, collagen deposition, and collagen constriction by myofibroblasts. Neovascularization in the adult is known to occur by two distinct processes, angiogenesis and vasculogenesis which needs for expression of VEGF.Aim of the study : Histological ,Histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical studies to evaluate the effect of local application of exogenous VEGF/collagen I separately and as a combination in socket healing.Materials and Method : Sixty male Albino Wistar rats were subjected for a surgical tooth extraction of upper 1st molar of both sides ( right side was considered as experimental site ,while left be the control one).The animals were divided into following groups according to the applicable of biomaterials.A. Control group the tooth socket treated with 1?L of normal salineB. Experimental group includes• Group I contains (20) rats, the tooth socket treated with 1?L of VEGF• Group II contains (20) rats the tooth socket treated with 1?L ofcollagen type I• Group III contains (20) rats, the tooth socket treated with 1?L of a combination of VEGF and collagen I. Each group is composed of 20 rats that will be studied in four periods 3,7,14,28 days (5 rats for each period).The specimens were studied histologically histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical identification of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and tissue non specific alkaline phosphtase (ALP).Results : 1. Histological findings for all groups illustrate formation of blood clot at 3 days.2. Granulation tissue appears in all groups at 7 days period, and new bone is demonstrated in collagen group and a highly cellular woven bone with active proliferative osteoblast and newly blood vessel is detected in combination group.3. At 14 days new epithelization and new bone trabeculae with fibrous tissue are presented mostly in all groups but with different constitution.4. At 28 days all groups show reepithelization but in different thickness, and with newly bone apposition and with different maturity.5. For positive cells expressed ALP VEGF group records a high mean values at 3,14,28 days periods and with high differences in comparisum to other groups while control group reports a high mean value at 7 days.6. For positive cells expressed FGF2.Control group illustrates a high record for the mean of positive cells expressed FGF2 at 3,7days periods and with high differences in comparisum to other groups, while combination group reports a high mean value at 14 days.7. Results demonstrated that in most periods for each group ,whenever ,ALP is a high value in expression ,records a low expression in FGF2.Conclusion : Results ,high lighted on the effect of local application of VEGF in extracted tooth socket that facilited epithelization ,while combination of (Collagen and VEGF ) shows a high mineralization zone.

تقييم الظهور النسيجي الكيميائي المناعي لفايروسات (EBV,HPV16 - 18,HSV1) في الحزاز المنبسط الفموي == Assessment of The Immunohistochemical Expression of Epstein - Barr , Human Papilloma (18 ,16) And Herpes Simplex - 1 Viruses In Oral Lichen Planus

Author name: تانیه عبد الاله الطحان
Supervisor name: احلام حمید مجید
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Around the Teeth Diseases
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Dentistry - Department Of Periodontics And Peridontics
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يعد مرض الحزاز المسطح الفموي من الامراض الشائعة ولة مسار مرضي مرتبط بالخلايا المناعية ويرتبط باختلالات الاداء المناعي للجسم مع بعض الفرضيات التي تربط وقوع المرض بالعدوى الفايروسية. وھو من عائلة الھربس الفايروسية، بوقوع بعض الامراض ك "كثرة الوحيدات، EBV ار | oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common chronic inflammatory immune - mediated disease, The antigen responsible for inducing OLP is still unidentified, although viral agents have been proposed as etiologic factors. Viral infection (Epestin - barr,human papilloma and herpes simplex) has been hypothesized as a predisposing factor in the pathogenesis of this disease.Aims of study : The aim of this study was to assess the expression of Epstein Barr virus , Human Papilloma virus 16& 18 and Herpes Simplex virus - 1 immunohistochemistry in oral lichen planus cases and evaluate whether any clinical variant, histopathological or demographic feature correlates with the expression of these viruses.Materials and Methods : This study was performed on thirty formalin fixed, paraffin - embedded tissue Blocks of oral lichen planus retrospectively. An immunohistochemical staining done by using monoclonal antibodies EBV and HPV 18&16 and polyclonal antibody HSV1. Results : Expression of EBV was highly detected in epithelium of oral lichen planus cases (46.6%), no statistically significant correlation was found with clinical parameters.Astatistically significant with sex was observed.Immunostaning results revealed negative expression for both HPV16 & HPV18 in the studied cases except one case which was positive for each viruses. No statistically correlation was found with clinical parameters. Herpes simplex virus - 1 expression was positive in 12 cases (40%) of oral lichen planus cases. Statistically barely significant correlation with sex and clinical types, and a non significant one wasfound with age.ConclusionEpstein Barr and Herpes simplex viruses are present in considerable amounts in oral lichen planus whereas Human papilloma viruses 16 and 18 are rarely present.Taking into account the potential of viruses in OLP.

المؤشر الورمي CA153 عناصر مختارة في اللعاب وعلاقتها بصحة الفم والاسنان ضمن مجموعة من النساء العراقيات المصابات بسرطان الثدي == Salivary Tumor Marker CA15 - 3 And Selected Elements In Relation To Oral Health Status Among A Group of Iraqi Breast Cancer Women

Author name: بسمة عبد الباري عزیز
Supervisor name: احلام طه محمد
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Dentistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Breast cancer is the commonest type of malignancy worldwide and in Iraq. It is a serious disease that affects the general health and cause systemic changes that affect the physical and chemical properties of saliva leading to adverse effects on oral health.Aims of the study : The aims of this study were to assess the oral health condition (including dental caries, oral cleanliness and periodontal health condition), to evaluate the changes in salivary flow rate and to assess the concentration of tumor marker CA15 - 3 and selected elements (calcium, phosphorus, zinc, copper, total proteins) in saliva and their relation to oral variables among breast cancer women in comparison to control group.Subjects, Materials and Methods : The total sample consisted of 60 women aged 35 - 45 years attending Al - Kadhemyia Teaching Hospital. Those comprised 30 women newly diagnosed with breast cancer before starting treatment and 30 women without clinical signs and symptoms of breast cancer as a control group.Diagnosis and recording o f dental caries was done by using DMFS indexaccording to the criteria of WHO (1987). Plaque index of Silness and Loe (1964) and calculus component of Ramfjod index for periodontal disease (1959) were applied to assess oral cleanliness. Periodontal disease was evaluated using the gingival index (Loe and Silness, 1963) and loss of attachment level (Ramfjord, 1959). Stimulated salivary samples were collected and salivary flow rate, salivary CA15 - 3, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, copper ions and total proteins were determined.Results : Results showed that caries experience (DMFS) was higher among the study group compared with the control group but the difference was statistically not significant. The mean values of plaque index, calculus index, gingival index and loss of attachment were higher among the study group than the control group with a highly significant difference (P<0.01).The salivary levels of CA15 - 3 in breast cancer patients were higher than that of the controls with a highly significant difference (P<0.01). All the correlations between salivary CA15 - 3 and dental caries and periodontal diseases were statistically not significant.The salivary flow rate was lower among the study group than control group with a highly significant difference (P <0.01). Higher concentrations of salivary phosphorus, copper and total proteins were recorded among study group compared to control with statistically highly significant differences concerning phosphorus and copper (P<0.01). On the other hand, salivary calcium and zinc were lower among study group compared to control group with statistically highly significant difference concerning zinc (P<0.01). All the correlations between the caries experience and salivary constituents in the study and control groups were weak and not significant except the correlation with total proteins in the control group which was significantly positive. Concerning the correlations of oral hygiene and periodontal disease with salivary constituents, the study showed that all the correlations were weak and not significant except the correlations between the total proteins with loss of attachment in study group and with dental plaque in control group which were significantly positive relations.Conclusions : This study showed that the breast cancer patients had poor oral hygiene and higher rates of periodontal diseases and dental caries, therefore special preventive programs need to be designed for this group of patients. Also the results of this study could support the concept that salivary oncentrations of CA15 - 3 might serve to be used in the detection of breast cancer and/or the po operative follow - up of patients under treatment for carcinoma of the breast

تاثير انواع مختلفة من المواد الملونة على الاستقرار اللوني للحاصرات التقويمية الخزفية المرتبطة مع انواع مختلفة من المواد اللاصقة الضوئية التصلب : دراسة مختبرية == Effect of Different Staining Materials On Color Stability of Sapphire Brackets Bonded With Different Types of Light Cure Orthodontic Adhesives (An In Vitro Study)

Author name: الاء فالح البو حسن
Supervisor name: نضال حسين غايب
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Orthodontics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Dentistry - Orthodontics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: لقد ازدادت الحاجة الى استعمال الاجهزة التقويمية التجميلية في هذه الايام مما دفع مقومي الاسنان الى البدء باستخدام الاسلاك التجميلية والحاصرات التجميلية بالاضافة الى الاشرطة المطاطية التجميلية.الحاصرات التقويمية الشبيهة بلون الاسنان انتجت من انواع مختلفة م | The demand for better esthetic during orthodontic treatment has increased now a days, so orthodontists starting using esthetic arch wires, brackets and ligatures.Tooth colored brackets were introduced in different types of materials.Sapphire ceramic brackets are one type of esthetic brackets and their color stability remains the main concern for the clinicians and patients at the same time.The present study design to evaluate the effect of three different staining materials (black tea, pepsi and cigarette smoke) on the stainability of sapphire ceramic brackets bonded with three types of light cure orthodontic adhesives whichinclude : Resilience, Enlight and Transbond. The sample consisted of three hundred sixty sapphire brackets. The brackets were divided according to bonding materials into three groups each group consist of one hundred twenty brackets, then each subgroup further subdivided into four groups according to the material they were immersed (distilled water, black tea, Pepsi and cigarette smoke) with thirty brackets each, then each group with ten brackets further subdivided according to time interval of immersion in each media into three groups one day, seven days and fourteen days at 37°C in the incubator. A UV - Visible spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, UV - 1800) was used to perform a light absorption test.ANOVA and LSD tests were used to identify the significant effects of the staining materials at a significance level P ? 0.05.It was found that the immersion time gradually influenced the color stability of the adhesive materials with sapphire brackets with the highest activity observed at fourteen days interval. The brackets bonded with Resilience light cure adhesive are the most type affected by staining materials, then followed by the brackets bonded with Transbond and finally the brackets bonded with Enlight lightcure adhesive.For the staining materials it was found that the cigarette smoke is the mostpowerful staining material, followed by tea and finally pepsi.From the above result we can conclude that the type of adhesive must takein consideration when the esthetic brackets have been used.

دراسة المضاعفات الفموية الوجهية, مؤشرات عامل - الغلوبيولين المناعي اللعابي A , الانترليوكين 6 وعامل تنخر الورم الفا في لعاب مرضى بيتا ثلاسيميا الكبرى في محافظة ميسان == Study of Orofacial Complications, Salivary IgA, Interleukin - 6 And Tumor Necrosis Factor - Alpha Markers In Saliva of Beta - Thalassemia Major Patients In Missan Governorate

Author name: جمال محبس ديوان
Supervisor name: زاهدة جاسم محمد
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Dentistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الثلاسيميا نوع بيتا هو الاضطراب الاحاد اليين الاكثر شيوعا في الشرق الاوسط، والتي تتميز بشذوذ في تركيب سلاسل بيتا من خضاب الدم مما يؤد الى ظواهر متفاوتة تتراوح بين فقر الدم الشديد الى عدم وجود اعراض سريريا.اهداف الدراسة : تحديد مدى انتشار المضاعفات الفمو | Beta - thalassemia is the most common monogenic known disorder in the Middle East, characterized by anomalies in the synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin resulting in variable phenotypes ranging from severe anemia to clinically asymptomatic Individuals. Several immunological defects can be found in patients with beta - thalassemia major patients, among which circulating cytokines levels, impairment of neurophil, macrophage phagocytic and killing functions, this impairment may be due to iron over load.Aims of study : Aims of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Orofacial complications in beta - thalassemia major patients, salivary flow rate, salivary levels of salivary immunoglobulin A, interleukin - 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha and to evaluate correlations between salivary parameters (salivary immunoglobulin A, interleukin - 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and salivary flow rate) in beta thalassemia major patients.Methods : Sixty subjects were participated in this study, they were divided into two groups, patients group composed of 30 patients with major beta - thalassemia, age rang (5 - 23), and 30 healthy looking subjects of both sexes as a control group, age rang (5 - 25). Data was collected using a special formula for general, medical and Orofacial examination sheet. Whole non - stimulated saliva was collected, measured and analyzed by enzyme linked immmunosorbent assay.Results : Most patients were in the first and second decade of life (90%), 20 (60%) were males and 10 (40%) were females with an age rage (5 - 23 years). The prevalence of Orofacial complications in beta - thalassemia major patients increased with age.The prevalence of orofacial complications in beta - thalassemia major patients were color change of oral mucosa (73.3%), rodent face (66.7%), maxillaryprotrusion (66.7%), saddle nose (63.3%), deep bite (26.7%)), open bite (13.3%) and spacing (10%).Regarding the salivary flow rate there was a statistically significant decrease in mean of salivary flow rate in patients group as compared with control group (P= 0.013).Laboratory investigations for salivary concentration of interleukin - 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and salivary immunoglobulin A revealed highly significant to significantly in mean of these parameters in beta thalassemia major patients as compared with control group, interleukin - 6 (p=0.001), tumor necrosis factor alpha (p= 0.01) and salivary immunoglobulin A (p= 0.05) at P value ? 0.05.Conclusions : Beta - thalassemia major patients have specific Orofacial complications and a particular salivary cytokines compared to normal individuals.

سمك العظم الشدقي في مناطق مختلفة من الفك السفلي واهميتة السريرية في تثبيت المسامير الحلزونية احادية القشرة باستخدام جهاز الاشعة المقطعية متعدد الشرائح == Thickness of Buccal Bone At Various Sites of Themandible And Its Clinical Significance In Monocortical Screws Placementusing Multislice Computed Tomography

Author name: حوراء نوري عطا لله
Supervisor name: لمياء حامد النقيب
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral and Dental Radiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) using miniplates and screws is the treatment of choice for mandibular fractures.Using miniplates and screws along the ideal line of osteosynthesis provides sufficient support and stability to the bone fragments to allow immediate function. It is important to know both : the region where the bone providesafirm anchorage for the screw,andthe topography of thedental apices and inferior alveolar nerve to avoiddamaging them when inserting the screwThe aim of study : The purpose of this study is to determine the thickness of buccal cortical plate and that of buccal bone using computed tomography,at the parasymphysis and mandibular body, thereby determining the area that provide afirm anchorage and the maximum length of mono - cortical screws that can be safely placed in these regions without injuring the tooth roots orinferior alveolar nerve.Materials and Methods : The sample of the present study was a total of 110 Iraqi patients (77 males & 33 females) aged (18 - 35) years old who admitted to Computed Tomography scan unit in AL - SadrTeaching Hospital in Al - Najaf city to getComputed Tomographic examination of facial bones from November 2013 to May 2014. The conventional section of CT (axial) wasused to do the measurements and dental planning analysiswhich is a specific investigation protocol was also used.The thickness of buccal cortical plate and the thickness of buccal bone were measured at the level of root apex of (canine, first premolar, second premolar) and at the level of : root apex and inferior alveolar canal in (mesial and distal root of first and second molar). Results : The mean buccal bone thickness at canine area was (3.7 - 4.3 mm), in premolars area (3.6 - 4 mm), in molar area (at the level of apex) (5.6 - 6 mm), in molar area (at the level of inferior alveolar canal) (5.2 - 5.6 mm) for females and males respectively. The mean buccal cortical plate thickness at canine area was (1.4 - 1.6 mm), in premolars area (1.5 - 1.7 mm), in molar area (at the level of apex) (2.4 - 2.6 mm), in molar area (atthe level of inferior alveolar canal) (2.4 - 2.3 mm) for females and males respectively.There was no statistically significant age and gender difference in buccal cortical plate thickness and buccal bone thickness. Conclusion : Buccal cortical plate thickness and buccal bone thickness in various sites of the mandible could be measured precisely using Multislice Computed Tomography which can guide surgeons in selecting the proper screw length without causing injury to rootapex or inferior alveolar nerve.

تاثير الجنس،العمر وفقدان السن على ابعاد القناة الثاقبة والعظم الامامي للقناة : دراسة بالتصوير المقطعي == Effect of Gender, Age And Tooth Loss On The Dimensions of Incisive Canal, And Buccal Bone Anterior To The Canal (Computed Tomography Study)

Author name: رياحين غازي رشيد
Supervisor name: احلام احمد فتاح
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral and Dental Radiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: القناة الثاقبة تركيب تشريحي لھا موقعا ھاما في الفك العلوي الامامي، دراسة خصائص ھذه القناة وتقييم علاقتھا مع العظم الامامي للقناة ضروري خلال زرع القواطع المركزية العلوية. الاشعة المقطعية لھذه المنطقة يمكن ان توفر ميزات دقيقة عن حدود وموقع القناة الثاقبة | The incisive canal is an anatomical structure with an important location in the anterior maxilla, analyzing this canal characteristics and evaluated its relation to the bone anterior to the canal is necessary during dental implantation of maxillary central incisors. CT scan image for this region can provide accurate features about the border, position of incisive canal and status of buccal bone anterior to this canal.Aim of the study : To study for the effect of gender, age and tooth loss in area of maxillary central incisors teeth on the dimensions of the incisive canal and buccal bone anterior to the canal using spiral computed tomography.Subjects, Materials and Methods : The sample consisted of prospective study for 156 subjects of both gender. The sample were divided into two groups, 120 dentate group (60 male and 60 female) with age ranging from (20 - 70) and 36 edentate group(with missing both maxillary central incisor) (18 male and 18 female) with age ranging from (50 - 70), which was further divided into two group according to the duration of maxillary central incisorsteeth loss, long duration (5+) years which consists of 26 subjects and short duration (<5 years) which consists of 10 subjects. All subjects attended to Baquba Teaching General Hospital in Diyala for Computed Tomographic scan investigation for different Maxillofacial diagnostic purposes from November/2013 to April/2014.Using sagittal section of computed tomography scan, the following measurementswere done : A - The diameters of incisive canal were measured at crestal, middle and apical level and the total mean value of canal diameters was calculated. B - The length of incisive canal.C - The distance of buccal bone anterior to incisive canal at crestal, middle and apical level and the total mean value of buccal bone distances was calculated. D - The length of buccal bone anterior to incisive canal from the apical measurement of buccal bone to the alveolar crest. The measuring unit was in millimeter in all measurements.Result : Gender had moderately strong effect on the dimensions of incisive canal and buccal bone anterior to this canal, the mean values begin generally higher for male as compared to female for both control and cases group. Absence of maxillary central incisors decreased incisive canal length and buccal bone dimensions with mean values begin higher in control group than that in cases group, the effect of teeth loss on these selected measurements seem to be strong ;however, canal diameter remain unchanged with dental status and there was no effect of teeth loss on this parameter.There was a moderately strong to strong effect of the duration of maxillary central incisors teeth loss on canal length and buccal bone dimensions with mean values being significantly lower in long duration (5+) years than that in short duration (<5 years) while it had weak effect on incisive canal diameter for both gender. The results showed that there was no significant linear correlation between age and all selected measurements in male and female for both control and cases group. Conclusion : CT scan is a valuable tool to evaluate the anatomic variation at the examined area in the current study, gender and dental status are important factors that can affect incisive canal characteristics and amount of bone anterior to the canal. Clinicians should perform careful planning using CT scans before performing dental implant surgeries in premaxillary region.

قياس كثافة العظم السنخي في الفك العلوي في سن 13 - 15 سنة باستخدام المفراس الحلزوني == Measurment of Maxillary Alveolar Bone Density At 13 - 15 Years Age Using Spiral Omputerized Tomography

Author name: ازهار عبد الامير فرج
Supervisor name: فخري عبد علي الفتلاوي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Orthodontics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Dentistry - Orthodontics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Bone density is a major factor that affect mini implant primarily stability. No Iraqi studies had been evaluated bone density related to mini - implant placement for orthodontic anchorage at age 13 - 15 years.The present research aims to evaluate gender, side and site differences in the bone density at various orthodontic implant sites for the maxillary alveolar bone (cortical; buccal and palatal and cancellous).The sample of this study consisted of CT images for patients who were attending Al. Shaheed Ghazi Al - Hariri Hospital/the Computerized Tomography department from January 2014 until May 2014. Twenty nine individuals (16 males and 13 females) had subjected to clinical examination, then 64 - multislice computed tomography scan data were evaluated and bone density was measured in Hounsfield unit at 21 points (9 points for each side and 3 points between the right and left central incisors).The results obtained showed that there were no significant differences in bone density between males and females and between the left and right sides. There are no significant differences in bone density between the maxillary buccal cortical bone and the palatal cortical bone except at lateral incisor and canine point where the palatal side had higher bone density than buccal side. The mean bone density of the cancellous bone in the anterior part was higher than that in the posterior of the maxilla.These differences in bone density between and within regions of the maxilla must be considered when placing mini implants and may provide valuable information when selecting sites, size, angle and placement methods for mini implant in the dental arch.

حاله الاكتئاب وعلاقتها بحاله الفم والخصائص الفزيوكيميائيه لدى طلاب المدارس من فئه عمر 15 سنة في مدينة الصويره - حافظة واسط - جمهورية العراق == Depression Status In Relation To Oral Health Condition And Salivary Physiochemical Characteristics Among 15 Years Old School Students In Al - Swera City - Wassit Governorate - Iraq

Author name: هدى سلمان خیاله
Supervisor name: بان صاحب ذیاب
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Preventive Dentistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Depression is a common mental disorder that presents with depressed mood, its affect oral health through its effect on salivary function. The aims of this study were to assess the relation of depression status on prevalence and severity of dental caries and gingival inflammation among students aged 15 years in relation to salivary physical (flow rate and viscosity) and chemical characteristics concentration of (total protein, zinc, copper, chromium and lithium).Materials and methods : The total sample involved 800 students (males and females) aged 15 years old that were selected randomly, the depression status was measured using Children Depression Inventory (CDI) index that divided the students with depression into four groups according to severity of depression (low or average grade, high average grade, elevated grade and very elevated grade). The diagnosis and recording of dental caries was made by using Decay, Missing, Filled surface index (DMFs), according to the criteria of Manji et al (1989), while gingival condition was evaluated by using the gingival index by L?e and Silness, (1964). Salivary samples were collected under standardized condition from 30 students with very elevated grade and 30 students with low average grade, and then analyzed for measuring salivary flow rate and viscosity, in addition to the estimation of salivary elements (total protein, zinc, copper, chromium and lithium).Results : The prevalence of depression was 100%. The DMFs was lower among students with high average grade than other grades of depression with nonsignificant difference. The severity of dental caries was higher among students with elevated grade concerning D1, D3 and in very elevated grade of depression concerning D2, D4 with highly significant among D4 (P = 0.01). The prevalence of gingivitis in present study was found to be 100%, mild gingivitis occurrence found higher among low or average grade than other grades, but moderate gingivitis was more among very elevated grade, while sever gingivitis was absent. Salivary analysis demonstrated that the salivary flow rate was non significantly higher among students with low or average grade of depression than very elevated, while the viscosity of saliva was not significantly higher among students with very elevated grade. The data analysis of salivary elements found that the total protein and copper was higher among students with very elevated grade while other elements show the opposite result with significant difference concerning copper and zinc among females in very elevated grade, while others with not significant.Conclusion : The results of the current research revealed that caries experience and gingival inflammation increase with depression that has an adverse effect on salivary physicochemical characteristics. There were changes in saliva variables between low or average grade and very elevated grade of depression.

تاثير متسلل التسوس ممزوج مع او بدون مواد لاصقة تقليدية على ختم المينا السليمة : دراسة مختبرية == The Influence of Caries Infiltrant Combined With And Without Conventional Adhesives On Sealing of Sound Enamel (In Vitro Study)

Author name: مروة بلاسم محمد الجيبةجي
Supervisor name: ضياء جعفر الدباغ
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Orthodontics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Dentistry - Orthodontics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The formation of white spot lesions around fixed orthodontic attachments is a common complication during and following fixed orthodontic treatment, which hinder the results of a successfully completed case.The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the Caries Infiltrant (ICON®) on prevention of caries on the smooth enamel surface when applied alone or combined with conventional adhesives. To achieve this objective, seventy eight human premolar enamel discs were randomly assigned to six groups (n=13). The discs were etched and treated with resins of different monomer content forming the following groups : (1)Untreated etched samples served as the negative control, (2) ICON® (DMG), (3) Adper™ SB 2 (3M ESPE), (4) Heliobond (Ivoclar Vivadent), (5) ICON®+ Adper™ SB 2 and (6) ICON®+ Heliobond. Specimens were subjected to demineralization by immersion in hydrochloric acid (pH 2.6) for 18 days. Calcium dissolution into the acid was assessed by photometric test via spectrophotometer at 24 hour intervals.The results revealed that, there was a highly significant difference between the sealed groups and the unsealed (untreated) one (p?0.00) indicating that the unsealed specimens showed the highest amount of Ca ion loss among all other groups. Additionally, there was no significant difference between untreated specimens and the ICON® sealed ones. While, Heliobond decreased the Ca ion loss significantly compared to the untreated specimens and Adper™ SB 2 performed significantly better than both ICON® and Heliobond. Furthermore, the combination of ICON® with either Adper™ SB 2 or Heliobond served as the best protective measures and maintained the protective effect during the whole experiment period.Therefore, within the limitations of this in vitro study, it could be concluded that the use of low - viscosity Caries Infiltrant prior to application of the tested conventional adhesives increases their protective effect against demineralization.

تقييم تاثير بلازما النيتروجين المتوهج لغرسة التيتانيوم التجاري على الترابط العظمي بالتحليل الميكانيكي والتحليل النسيجي == Evaluation of The Effect of Glow Plasma Nitriding of Commercially Pure Titantium Dental Implant On Osseointigration Through Mechanical And Histomorphometric Analysis

Author name: حسن جواد فرحان المسعودي
Supervisor name: شذى سليم الامير
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Dentistry
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الاتجاه الجديد للغرسات هوايجاد المواد التي تسرع عملية بناء العظم في السطح البيني للعظم والغرسه وتحسين الاندماج العظمي من اجل توفير التحميل الفوري والمباشر بعد وضع الغرسات وتقليص فترة الانتظار التي تكون مزعجه وغير مريحه للمرضى.الاهداف.تقييم تاثير طلاء ال | Introduction : The new trend of implants is to find materials which accelerate bone formation in bone implant interface and improve osseointegration to provide immediate or early loading after placement in addition to eliminate the waiting period which is usually uncomfortable and disturbs patients. Aim of study : To evaluate the effect of plasma nitride treatment of screw shaped commercially pure titanium dental implant on bond strength at bone implant interface by torque removal test and histomorphometric analysis after 2 and 6 weeks in comparison to non treated one.Materials and methods : Commercial pure titanium plates and screws were plasma nitrided for 10h using glow plasma nitride apparatus. X - ray diffraction (XRD) analysis , scanning electron microscope examination were carried out on the nitride surfaces of the plates ,contact angle measurement (Wettability) was done by applying drop of saline and blood on the nitrided surface and compared to control. The femur of 10 white New Zealand rabbits were chosen as implantation sites. The femur of each rabbit received two screws, one plasma nitride treated and one non treated and a total of 40 screws were implanted. Torque removal test was performed(by digital torque meter) to measure bond strength between implant and bone, after 2 and 6 weeks healing periods. For each period of time 18 screws were tested for the torque required to remove the implant from the bone and 2 screws were kept for histological examination. Results : The results revealed that the mean removal torque values for the plasma nitride treated implants was significantly higher than the non treated implants and over the two periods of time. There was an increase in the bond strength (torque value) of bone - implant interface with time. The torque removal force for plasma nitride implants after 2 and 6 weeks was (30.22, 59.56 N.cm ,respectively) and for non treated implants after 2 and 6 weeks were ( 23.61,56.11N.cm, respectively) and new bone formation ratio for plasma nitride treated implants after 2 and 6 weeks(3.36, 4.72 , respectively) and for non treated after 2 and 6 weeks(1.56, 3.04, respectively). Conclusion : Plasma nitriding of Cp Ti screws significantly increased the torque removal value and new bone formation ratio at 2 and 6 weeks compared with the non treated implant.Dental implant, Osseointegration, Digital torque meter

مواصفات الاطباق وادراكه والحاجة والطلب على تقويم الاسنان لدى الطلاب البغداديين بعمر 13 سنة : دراسة مقارنة مسحية ميدانية == Occlusal Features, Perception of Occlusion And Orthodontic Treatment Need And Demand Among 13 Years Aged Baghdadi Students (A Comparative Cross Sectional Epidemiological Study

Author name: زينب محمد رضا الجلبي
Supervisor name: فخري عبد علي الفتلاوي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Orthodontics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Dentistry - Orthodontics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study was conducted to assess the distribution, prevalence, severity of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in Baghdad governorate in relation to gender and residency, and whether it has increased or not over 12 years by comparison with previous survey in Baghdad.A multi - stage stratified sampling technique was used in this investigation to make the sample a representative of target population. The sample consisted of 2700 (1349 males and 1351 females) intermediate school students aged 13 years representing 3% of the total target population.A questionnaire was used to determine the perception of occlusion and orthodontic treatment demand of the students and the assessment procedures for occlusal features by direct intraoral measurement using veriner and an instrument to measure the rotated and displaced teeth. In summary the followingresults were obtained : 1 - 7.7% of the sample had some type of orthodontic treatment or consultation.2 - 39.1% of the students answered that they have malaligned teeth, being significantly more in female than males.3 - of the students who stated that they have malaligned teeth, 26% reported that they had crowded teeth, 26.6% had spaced teeth, 22.4% had protruded teeth and 25.7% had rotated and displaced teeth.4 - Regarding the answers of the effect of mal - aligned teeth, 70.3% answered that it affects their appearance, 17.7% chewing, and 7.7% speech while 4.1% answered that mal - aligned teeth did not affect appearance, chewing or speech.5 - the most common reasons for not seeking orthodontic treatment that the student thought that treatment is fear of pain (48.8%) and not important or not possible (25.8%).6 - One or more missing teeth due to extraction or trauma were found in 4.9% of the sample, and the most common extracted teeth were the first molars (1.6% mandibular and 0.9% maxillary). One or more rotated teeth were found in 38.3% of the sample; one or more displacement teeth were found in 19.6% of the sample.7 - The maxillary anterior region showed the highest prevalence of 2mm or more spacing (15.2%) and the mandibular anterior region showed the highest prevalence of 2mm or more crowding (12.6%); a maxillary central diastema of 1mm or more was found in 18.1% of the sample with a mean of 0.306±0.015mm.8 - Angle’s class I occlusion was found in 78.29%of the sample, class II in 19.5% (17.2% division 1 and 2.3% division 2) and 2.3% had class malocclusion (1.6% postural and 0.7% true). The mean overjet of the sample was 3.31± 0.04 mm. The mean overbite was 2.99±0.03 mm,9 - Midline shift (?1mm) was found in 54.3% of the sample (28% to the right and 26.3% to the left side).Soft tissue impingement was found in 3.3% (3% palatally and 0.3% labially). Normal lip form was found in 86.6%, contracting lip form in 10.1% and lip trap in 3.3% of the sample.10 - The DAI scores registered in this study ranged between 13 and 65 with a mean of 23.234±0.12. 7.3% with treatment highly desirable, and 4.5% with treatment mandatory.Significant changes in the proportions of malocclusions as a whole in school children were found over the last decade; also increase the need for orthodontic treatment among adolescents in the Baghdad commune and low perception level of the Baghdadi children to their own occlusion and the demand on treatment was remarkably low. This data will be useful for public oral health service and emphasize the need for orthodontic treatment among adolescents in Baghdad and stressing on the role of oral health education to encourage the children to undergo orthodontic treatment.

تاثير اضافة فلوريد الصوديوم كمطهر على بعض خواص مادة طبعة الالجنيت == Effect of Sodium Fluoride Addition As A Disinfectant On Some Properties of Alginate Impression Material

Author name: علاء مهدي حسين
Supervisor name: رغداء كريم جاسم
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Prosthodontics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: المقدمة : تلوث طبعات الاسنان مع اللعاب والدم من تجويف الفم يحصل مباشرة في عيادات الاسنان ومختبرات صناعة الاسنان يجعل من طبعات الاسنان الملوثة فقرات يصعب التعامل معها من وجهة نظر انتشار الاخماج. اشارت التقارير السابقة الى امكانية الطبعات الملوثة بتلويث ال | Introduction : Contamination of dental impressions with saliva and blood from the oral cavity occurs readily in dental clinics, direct interaction between dental clinics and dental laboratories makes contaminated dental impressions difficult items to deal with it from the cross contamination point of view. Previous reports indicated that contaminated impressions can cross infect gypsum casts that were poured against them, however immersing or spraying commonly used alginate impression material with disinfectant may adversely affect the accuracy of dies or casts obtained. Objective : The objective was to evaluate the effect of (0.25%,0.5%,1%, 2%, 3%, 4% ) of (NaF) addition on the self - disinfection of alginate impression material and its effect on setting time, tear strength, dimensional change and accuracy of alginate impression materials and to compare this with CHX containing alginate material related to the same properties mentioned above.Materials and methods : A total No. of 800 specimens were prepared in this study, they were divided into five main groups according to the type of the tests used (tear strength test, setting time test, dimensional change test, dimensional accuracy test, and bacteriological tests (Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans).Six concentrations of NaF from (0.25% to 4%) and 0.1% CHX gluconate were mixed with alginate impression material and compare it with control alginate without disinfectant. Results : The self - disinfecting impression material containing NaF showed a total kill of microorganisms immediately after impressions were made.Tear energies for all experimental impression materials were greater than those of the control products. There were no statistically significant differences between the dimensional change tests and also reproduction of detail test, that contained (NaF) and one that did not. With regard to setting time of the impressions, statistically significant reduction were seen between the control and experimental groups of alginate impression materials. The experimental material that did not contain (NaF) had a considerably longer setting time than all of the other materials tested.Conclusion : the use of (NaF) and CHX disinfection when taking alginate dental impression is a good measure in reduction of contamination and cross infection and have a minute effect on dimensional stability and is recommended as step in protecting dentist and dental laboratories teams.

التاثير السمي للضوء الازرق المرئي على البكتيريا المشعشعة المصاحبة للورم الفطري والبورفيروموناس اللثوية في المرضى المصابين بالتهاب اللثة المزمن : دراسة مختبرية == Phototoxic Effect of Visible Blue Light On Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans And Porphyromonas Gingivalis In Patients With Chronic Periodontitis (An In - Vitro Study

Author name: علي رعد عبد العزيز
Supervisor name: مها شكري محمود | وفاق محمود الوتار
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Around the Teeth Diseases
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Dentistry - Department Of Periodontics And Peridontics
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الخلفية : على الرغم من ان ازالة الصفائح الجرثومية (الجير) وكلس الاسنان ( الحصى السنية ) بالطرق الميكانيكية يمثل حجر الزاوية في علاج امراض اللثة، يبقى ذلك بحاجة الى علاج مساند اذا علمنا ان التنظيف الميكانيكي لا يستطيع الوصول الى كل السطوح والاماكن حول السن | Background : Although mechanical debridement of dental plaque and calculus represents the corner stone in periodontal treatment , still it needs an adjunctive therapy since mechanical cleaning cannot reach all the surfaces and sites all around the tooth and within periodontal defect or the bacteria that resides inside periodontal tissues. Chemotherapy been used as an adjunctive therapy alongside with mechanical debridement in different compositions and routes, i.e. : chlorhexidine mouth washes (local routes) , antibiotics (systemic route) , yet chemical treatment might not be sufficient or cannot be used as in cases of drug sensitivity , difficulty to maintain effective concentration at wanted sites and lack of patient dexterity and compliance.Hence, arises the need for an alternative adjunctive therapy, photodynamic therapy has been used in recent years, taking advantage of the toxic effect of light on periodontal pathogens (bacteria). Aims of the study : The purpose of this study was to determine the toxic effect of visible blue light emitted from dental curing led light device of wavelength ranges between 400 - 500nm and energy of 1000 - 1200 mw/cm on the viability of periodontal pathogens (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis), alone once , and with combination of 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash in vitro.Materials and methods : A.actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis, was obtained from periodontal pockets of patient suffering from periodontitis by removing the plaque carefully to be cultured under anaerobic conditions for 3 days in suitable culture media using anaerobic jar in the incubator, presence of the wanted micro - organism is confirmed using Gram stain and biochemical activity tests.The amount (quantity of bacteria) was determined by direct colony counting and using visual software aids (open CFU software program) when needed.Visible blue light (LED curing light) from a commercially available device the same used in light - cured fillings in dentistry was used to generate a beam of visible blue light with amount of energy 1000 - 1200 mW/cm2 of a wavelength ranges between 400 - 500nm. Samples were subjected to blue light for increasing time intervals and were subcultured after each exposure.Same procedure of light exposure was repeated on plates containing chlorhexidine mouth wash in holes created with pasture tube, a standardized amount of chlorhexidine (0.1mml) was administrated into the holes of each plate, and then the inhibition zone was measured repeatedly for each plate after 72 hours of anaerobic incubation.

تسوس الاسنان والاحتياجات العلاجية لطالبات الثانوية لعمر (16 - 18) سنة وعلاقتهما مع نظافة الفم، المستوى الدراسي للاهل والتحليل الغذائي في مدينة المسيب/ محافظة بابل/ العراق == Dental Caries And Treatment Needs Among 16 - 18 Years Old High School Girls, In Relation To Oral Leanliness, Parent'S Education And Nutritional Status, In Al - Mussayb City/ Babylon Governorate/ Iraq

Author name: زهراء محمد حسین
Supervisor name: سلافة خالد السامرائي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Preventive Dentistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Dental caries is a quite prevalent disease in Iraqi community however, baseline data concerning this disease and related etiological and risk factor are limited, concerning in selected geographic area in Iraq.Aims of study : This survey was made to investigate the prevalence and severity of dental caries in Al - Mussayb city/ Babylon governorate, the co - relation of this disease was studied with nutrition status and dietary analysis, oral cleanliness and parent'seducation among (16 - 18) years old in high school girls.Materials and Methods : The survey was conducted among high school girls, with a total sample of 900. Diagnosis and recording of dental caries and treatment needs were done according to the criteria of WHO. Dental plaque was assessed by using Plaque Index following the criteria of Silness and Loe. Nutritional status was recorded according to Body Mass Index indicator by applying anthropometric measurement. Dietary analysis was according to Dietary Guidelines in primary health centers in Iraq. Parent's education was divided in to five levels according to modification to educational status of Kuppuswamy's scale.Results : The prevalence of dental caries was (70.5%). The DMFS mean value was (4.94 ±SE 0.161) and the median was equal to (4.00) for the total sample. The DMFS value increased with ages with statistically highly significant difference (P<0.01), The highest percentage of examined girls were in need of one surface filling (60.8%), followed by those in need of two or more surface filling (36.6%). Result showed a weak positive highly significant correlation between plaque index and DMFS (r=0.315, P<0.01). A statistically highly significant difference in DMFS was recorded by different level of parent's education as a lower value of DMFS was seen among girls with high level of parent's education. Results showed statistically highly significant differences in the value of DMFS between different grade of Body Mass Index indicator (P <0.01, df=3), for total sample (11.7%) was malnourished and (65.77%) of girls was with normal weight. Statistically highly significant weak negative correlation was seen between DMFS and different food groups (fruits, vegetable, meat, grain and diary). A weak positive highly significant correlation between DMFS and sweet consumption was seen (r=0.155, P<0.01).Conclusions : Girls in high schools in Al - Mussayb city/ Babylon Governorate demonstrated a high prevalence of dental caries. Nutritional status, dietary habits, oral cleanliness and parent's education were found to affect the severity of this disease, thusthere is a need for public and school preventive programs among those population
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