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دراسة الطفرات في الجينات BRCA1 وBRCA2 في النساء المصابات بسرطان الثدي في محافظة النجف الاشرف == Study the Mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Genes in Breast Carcinoma in Najaf Province

Author name: الاء عبد الزهرة كاظم الشرماني
Supervisor name: ظافرة جعفر الفتلاوي | قسور موسى الطريحي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: zoology - Genetics
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:

التوصيف المظهري والجزيئي لبعض الفطريات الجلدية المعزولة من عينات سريريه : دراسة مقارنه == Phenotypic and Molecular Identification of Some Dermatophytes Isolated from Clinical Specimens "Comparative Study"

Author name: محمد محسن عبد الحسين الرفيعي
Supervisor name: عدنان حمد عبيد الحمداني | محسن عبد الحسين الظالمي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Fungi
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:

استخدام نطف مرضى عدم الخصوبة المصابين بخفاء النطف في تقنية الحقن المجهري == Using Sperm of Cryptozoospermic Infertile Patients In Intracytoplasmic Injection (ICSI)

Author name: مروة رحمن محمد الساعدي
Supervisor name: صاحب يحيى حسن المرشدي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

تاثير مخلفات نبات الرز Oryza sativa L. في انبات ونمو نبات الحنطة Triticum aestivum L == Effect of rice plants Oryza sativa L.residues in germination And growth of wheat plant Triticum aestivum L.

Author name: تغريد فاخر جابر زوين
Supervisor name: علي ياسر حافظ العيساوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant - Physiology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

دراسة الفعالية التضادية لبكتريا Lactobacillus acidophilus في نمو بعض انواع البكتريا المعوية وبعض الجوانب المناعية داخل الجسم الحي وخارجه == A Study of the Antibacterial Activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus on Some Enteric Bacterial Growth and Some Immunological Aspects in Vivo and Vito

Author name: فاديه مهدي مسلم العميدي
Supervisor name: مهدي حسين محيل العمار
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

دراسة وبائية لطفيلي الابواغ الخبيئة Cryptosporidium parvum في مدينة الحلة == An Epidemiological Study of Cryptosporidium parvum In Hilla City

Author name: صبا فاضل علي مهدي معله
Supervisor name: جاسم حميد رحمة الخزاعي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:

دراسة تصنيفية للجنس Compositae) Cichorium L. في العراق

Author name: رقيـة منون حـسـن النعماني
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم خضير البيرماني | ثامر خضيرمرزة
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:

دراسة جزيئية ومناعية لالتهاب الكبد الفيروسي نمط جـ لمرضى الثلاسيميا في محافظة النجف الاشرف - العراق == Molecular and immunological study for Hepatitis C virus in Thalassemia patients in AL - Najaf AL - Ashraf / Iraq

Author name: ناديه حبيب سرحان الشيباني
Supervisor name: موسى نعمة مزهر | جميل جري يوسف
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Viruses
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: This study was conducted to detect the infection percentage of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in the samples of thalassemic patients in AL - Najaf Governorate.About 130 suspected cases attending AL - Zahra'a hospital for children and delivery in Al - Najaf city during period from 1st of November (2014) to 28thof April (2015).Only 69 samples were carried out in this study .The practical side for this study followes three main paths : 1 - The Molecular identification of the presence of Ribonuclic acid of Hepatitis C virus in Thalassemic patients by using RT - PCR.2 - Using the Enzyme Linkedimmunosorbant assay (ELISA - III)technique to determinate immunological markers anti - HCV IgG and interleukine - 28B (IL - 28B).3 - Using theCYANHemato devicefor the purpose of counting blood cells which is called Coulter - Method to give a Complete blood count(CBC).The overall results obtained in this study were as follows : - Out of 69 samples,25(36%) samples of thalassemic patients were infected with Hepatitis C virus, 16 male and 9 female ,their age range from (4 - 43) years ,while 44(64%) samplesof thalassemic patients were withoutHepatitis C virus infection , 22 male and 22 female, their age range from (3 - 35) years . - The result showed that 25samples seropositive to anti - HCV IgG in all age groups where the age group (10 - 20) years old has thehighest percentage among other age groups. - The result of the examination of HCV - RNA Eleven of (25) HCV seropositive patients were positive to RT - PCR technique. - The result of this study showed that level of Interleukin - 28Bin thalassemic patients with HCV was high (mean or significant) (12733.33) pg/ml as compared with thalassemic patients without HCV (270.0463) pg/ml and control(12.1267)pg/ml. - The result also has revealed that the hematological parameters of white blood cells (WBCs),monocytespercentage (MON) and lymphocytes percentage (LYM) significantly have increased (P<0.05) in Hepatitis C patients compared to those of control group. - Granulocytes(GRA) showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in percentage in Hepatitis C patients compared to those of control groups.

دراســـــة بعض المعايـــــير الجزيئيـــــة والمناعيـــــة لبكتيريا Staphylococcus aureus المقاومة للمثيسيلين والمعزولة محليا من الاصابات الجلدية المكتسبة مجتمعيا

Author name: هدى سعد عزاوي
Supervisor name: سلمان عزيز | سميرة كاظم
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
Key words:
  • المكورات العنقودية الذهبية
  • الخراج ونضح الجروح
  • الاصابات الجلدية
First pages:
Abstract: تعد البكتيريا العنقودية الذهبية المقاومة للمثيسيلين المكتسبة مجتمعيا من الكائنات المجهرية المرضية التي تسبب طيفا واسعا من الاصابات في مختلف بقاع العالم في اماكن مختلفة من جسم الانسان اذ اقترنت امراضيتها مع اصابات الجلد والانسجة الرخوة . تهدف هذه الدراسة الى التعرف على مدى انتشار هذه البكتيريا في حالات اصابة انسجة الجلد المختلفة ,واجراء تقييم جزيئي لهذه البكتيريا المعزولة من حالات مرضية مختلفة , وتقييم مستوى بعض الحركيات الخلوية في مصول المرضى . وقد اشتملت على 169 عينة اخذت من المرضى المصابين بالتهابات الجلد المختلفة كـ الدمامل والخراج الجلدي والجروح والقدم المصابة بالقرحة لدى مرضى السكري وعدوى الحروق والحصف (القوباء) واخذت من المرضى الذين يراجعون العيادات الخارجية , والمراكز الصحية , وكذلك العيادات الخاصة, لمدة امتدت اكثر من خمسة اشهر , وللفترة من تشرين الاول 2014 م وحتى اذار2015 م. تضمنت الدراسة الحالية اخذ مسحات من الجلد المصاب بالالتهابات المرضية المختلفة وعينات دم ,من بين 169 عينة ,76 عزلة فقط اثبتت عائديتها الى جنس المكورات العنقودية الذهبية وبنسبة 45% من العزلات الماخوذة من حالات مختلفة لاصابة الجلد , وكان معدل العزل العام للعنقوديات الذهبية من القدم المصابة بالقرح لدى مرضى السكري 5 عزلات بنسبة 33% نسبة العزلات المقاومة للمثيسيلين 20% (عزلة واحدة ),اما المصابين بخراج الجلد والدمامل والقوباء الجلدي فكان معدل عزلها كالاتي (69)18 %,(55)21% , (31)9%,نسبة العزلات المقاومة للمثيسيلين (55.6)10% , (61.9)13%, (11.11)1% على التوالي . ان معدل عزل هذه البكتيريا من عدوى الجروح والحروق فكانت كالاتي (32)11%, (44)12% نسبة العزلات المقاومة للمثيسيلين منها (72.7)8%% (16.6)2, على التوالي . ان العزلات البكتيرية من المكورات العنقودية الذهبية المكتسبة مجتمعيا مقاومة لجميع مضادات البيتالاكتام وغير مقاومة للمضادات الحيوية التي لا تنتمي الى هذه المجموعة. اجري الكشف الوراثي باستعمال تقنية سلسلة تفاعلات البلمرة polymerase chain reaction اذ شخصت العزلات الخمسة والثلاثين باستعمال 3 جينات وهم mec Agene وهو الجين الخاص بالمقاومة للمثيسيلين , وكان عدد العزلات الحاملة لهذا الجين 22 عزلة من اصل 35 عزلة وبنسبة 62% . واخضعت العزلات المقاومة للمثيسيلين الى عملية تعريف للقطعة الكروموسومية النوع الرابعSCCmec IV اذ يعد هذا النوع سمة تفريقية للعزلات البكتيرية من المكورات العنقودية الذهبية المقاومة للمثيسيلين والمكتسبة في المجتمع ، اذ وجدت بنسبة 100 % . كذلك تم التحري عن امكانية تواجد مورثة الذيفان الخارجي Panton Valatine leukocidine ( pvl ) باستعمال تقنية تفاعلات البلمرة PCR اذ شخص في 19 عزلة بكتيرية بنسبة 54% ، اقترن وجود السم بالاخص مع حالات الاصابة بالدمامل والخراج والجروح . اجريت الفحوصات المناعية عند المصابين بالتهاب انسجة الجلد , وذلك من خلال تقييم مستوى بعض الحركيات الخلوية مثل IL - 8 وLTB - 4 باستعمال طريقة الممتز المناعي المرتبط بالانزيم Enzyme linked Immune Sorbant assay وقد لوحظ زيادة معنوية في تراكيزها في مصول المرضى مقارنة بعامل السيطرة . | Community acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is one of the pathogenic micro - organism that cause a wide spectrum of infections in different sites of the human body where their pathogenicity is related to skin and soft tissue infection. This study is aimed to explore the role of this bacteria in different cases of skin infections.The genetic structure of these isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus was also one of this study targets to evaluate immunological response by measurement of concentration of some cytokines as indicator of immune response. One hundred sixty nine patients with different cases of skin infection were enrolled in this study by taking one skin swab from each patient with different skin infection as Furuncle, boil, wound infection, impetigo and burns infection. All these cases were taken from out - patient clinics and private clinic along 5 months period from October 2014 to march 2015 in AL - Najaf Province , From the 169 swab samples only 76 swabs were shown to be positive Staphylococcus aureus with percent 45%.The percent of isolates of S. aureus from different cases of skin infection (5) isolates from diabetic foot with 20% of them are Methicillin resistant (one isolate) and skin abscess, boil, and impetigo were 18(69%),21(55%),9(31%)from which methicillin resistant were 10(55.6%), 13(61%) and 1(11.11%) respectively Percent of isolates from wound &burns infection were 11(32%) and 12(44%) and methicillin resistant isolates were 8 (72.7%) and 2(16.6%) respectively . The process of diagnosis of methicillin - resistant isolates was performed by using sensitivity test for cifoxitin following (CLSI,2014) instruction . Only 35 isolate showed resistant to methicillin when Cefoxitin disk was used then antibiotic sensitive test for other antibiotic disks done., Isolates of CA - MRSA showed resistant to all β - Lactam antibiotics and also to other drugs that are not belonged to this type of antibiotics. Genetic study was evaluated by using PCR technique to diagnosis the following genes in 35 isolates : mecA gene : which is considered responsible for methicillin resistant ,it was found that only 22 from 35 isolates (62%)carrying the gene. SCCmec IV gene which restricted only to Community acquired isolates of Staphylococci were explored in the isolates which considered a diagnostic character for Community acquired Staphylococci and this gene was found in 100% of isolates . Exotoxin panton - valatine toxin also diagnosed in 19 isolates with percent 54% in isolates of S. aureus using PCR technique. This exotoxin was produced in cases of Furuncle, skin abscess, and wound infection . Immunological test was introduced in this study to evaluate the innate immune response by measuring the concentration of Cytokines IL - 8&LTB4 which showed significant elevation in their concentration in comparison with healthy persons.

دراسة لاعتلال الاعصاب المحيطية عند مرضى الداء السكري من النوع الثاني == Study of peripheral neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus type II

Author name: اسراء ماجد نعمة عبيد العيكاشي
Supervisor name: سحر محمود جواد الجمالي | عمار جبار حمد الشمري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most chronic diseases that is widely spread all over the world and affects all age groups. The disease has a vast potential to affect almost every body organ, especially the peripheral nerves, which causes high mortality rates from disease complications. These complications cause damage in the organs of the body including the nerves located in the limbs that generate an intense heat resulting from the destruction of nerve fibers in addition to the acute pain resulting from the effect of diabetes in those nerves. This study was designed to determine the sensitivity of those nerves by displaying the results of nerve conduction study for patients and compared it with their clinical examination to determine the severity of numbness and assess the level of pain in the upper and lower limbs.The study was conducted at the Diabetes and Endocrinology Center in Al - Sader Medical City in Al - Najaf governorate and it included following up the case of (78) patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy by nerve conduction study. The study was began from 5/9/2014 until 7/4/2015. It included diabetic men and women, and they were divided into three age groups (35 - 68), and the study excluded the patients with peripheral neuropathy but have foot ulceration because the nerve connect system (SUDOSCAN REPORT ) was used in the current study, cannot perform nerve conduction study for patients with foot ulceration also smoking and the patients who taking treatment for diabetic peripheral neuropathy .During this study the clinical examination for patients was conducted and compared it with the nerve conduction study of them , also recording the information were related with the history of patients ,as while asmeasuring the concentrations of urea and creatinine in serum, in addition the study was recognized the effect of diabetes mellitus on the kidneys by estimating the ratio of albumin to creatinine in the urine, or named (ACR). the study compared the glycosylated hemoglobin levels and body mass index with the nerve conduction study results for all patients.The present study has shown a statistical significant difference (P <0.05) between the clinical tests of the patients who were tested by tuning fork as while as nerves test needle test and between nerve conduction study for both sexes also at all age groups included in the study. The results of the study did not show any a statistical significant (P>0.05). difference when compared the results of nerve conduction study among the different age groups for males. For females however, there was a statistical significant difference (P<0.05) amongst the different age groups.The results of the current study did not show a statistical significant difference (P>0.05) as regards the duration of injury for males, while it revealed a statistical significant difference among females (P <0.05), the results of the current study also observed the presence of a statistical significant increase (P<0.05) in the ratio of albumin to creatinine in patients with diabetic peripheral nervous for males and females.When compared the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels over the past three months, there are no a statistical significant differences (P>0.05) for males and females ,while the study revealed no a statistical significant increase (P> 0.05) in the concentrations of urea in males when compared to their nerve conduction study results, as well as theconcentrations of creatinine which did not show a statistical significant difference( P> 0.05) at them.The study was also revealed the presence of a statistical significant difference (P<0.05) in the concentrations of urea in females with diabetic peripheral neuropathic and did not show a statistical significant difference (P> 0.05) in the concentration of creatinine at them. The results of the current study did not show a statistical significant difference (P>0.05) between the body mass index among males and it showed a statistical significant difference among females (P <0.05)with peripheral diabetic neuropathy.The study reached that diabetes, with long periods of infection, has a crucial role in showing and the advancement of the disease for most of the patients, particularly those who lack the suitable amount of control over the percentage of the Glucose in the blood. The study also deducted that the disease is accompanied with kidney failure for most of the studied patients. It was also revealed that the nominees of some of the patients which appeared during their examination via tuning fork as while as nerves test needle was not the cause of their infection with diabetes, therefore, the study recommended the adoption of the results of the diabetic peripheral neuropathy to diagnose and asses the infection with peripheral nervous surround diabetes.

دراسة بعض العوامل البيئية المؤثرة في بعض انواع القشريات في نهر الكوفة == Study Som of Enviromental factors offecting Some Crustacea species in the Kufa river

Author name: ايمان حساني شباط السلامي
Supervisor name: جاسم حميد رحمة الخزاعي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة للتعرف على انواع القشريات وانتشارها في نهر الكوفة , وتاثير بعض العوامل البيئية على تواجدها , اذ جمعت عينات الدراسة شهريا للمدة من اب 2014 لغاية تموز 2015 من ثلاث محطات , الاولى : تقع شمال جسر الامام علي (عليه السلام) والثانية قرب مبزل ميسان والمحطة الثالثة قرب جسر الكوفة القديم ( قريبة من دار ضيافة المحافظة ) , اذ قيست العوامل البيئية الفيزياوية والكيمياوية مثل درجة الحرارة والاس الهيدروجيني والاوكسجين المذاب والمتطلب الحيوي للاوكسجين والتوصيلية الكهربائية والكدرة , والعسرة الكلية وايون الكالسيوم . تراوحت الحدود الدنيا والعليا لحرارة الهواء 14.3) - 42.6 ) مo وحرارة الماء (13 - 30.4) مo والاس الهيدروجيني 6.8) - 9.6 ) والاوكسجين الذائب 2.9) - 9.1 ) ملغم / لتر والمتطلب الحيوي للاوكسجين 0.7) - 4.7 ) ملغم / لتر والتوصيلية الكهربائية 1162) - 2055 ) مايكروسيمنز/ سم والملوحة 0.7) - 1.31 ) جزء بالالف والكدرة 1.4) - 17.5) نفثالين وحدة كدرة والعسرة الكلية 210) - 930 ) ملغم / لتر وايون الكالسيوم 119 ) - 380 ) ملغم / لتر . تم خلال الدراسة الحالية تسجيل جديد لنوعين من القشريات الكبيرة لاول مرة في نهر الكوفة وهما الروبيان النهري Macrobrachium nipponense والسرطان النهري Potamon magnum اللذان يعودان الى رتبة عشارية الاقدام Decapoda , اذ سجل اعلى كثافة للروبيان النهري 63.58 ) ) فرد / م 3 في المحطة الاولى في شهر تشرين الاول واختفى في محطات الدراسة جميعها في شهر كانون الثاني وشباط , بينما سجل اعلى كثافة للسرطان النهري 32.89) ) فرد / م 3 في المحطة الاولى في شهر نيسان . وتم تشخيص 32 وحدة تصنيفية تعود الى رتبتين من القشريات الصغيرة , وهي رتبة Cladocera ورتبة Copepoda اذ وجد ان رتبة Cladocera هي الاكثر وفرة وغزارة في محطات الدراسة اذ تضم خمسة وعشرون نوعا , بينمراتبة Copepoda تضم سبعة انواع.تم تشخيص ثمانية اجناس من رتبة متفرعة اللوامس Cladocera وهي Bosmina , Daphnia , Ceriodaphnia , Simocephalus , Alona , Chydorus , Macrothrix وMonia , في جميع محطات الدراسة , ومن الاجناس التي سجلت اعلى كثافة هي جنس Bosmina وDaphnia بينما سجل الجنسين Macrothrix وMonia اقل كثافة اذ اختفت في معظم اشهر الدراسة وفي جميع محطات الدراسة. وتم تشخيص اربعة اجناس من رتبة مجذافية الاقدام Copepoda وهي Cyclops , Diaptomus , Microcyclops , Macrocyclops , ومن الاجناس التي سجلت اعلى كثافة هو جنس Cyclops ومن الاجناس التي سجلت اقل كثافة هو جنس Diaptomus . وتم تسجيل جديد لاحدى عشر نوع من القشريات الصغيرة Microcrustacea لاول مرة في نهر الكوفة تعود لرتبتين هما Cladocera وCopepoda وهذه الانواع هي umholtzil Daphnia , Daphnia galeata , Daphnia magna , Daphnia retrocurva , Simocephalus sexpinosus , Alona affinis , Chydorus gibbus , Monia micrura , Cyclops strenuous , Macrocyclops albidus , Microcyclops sp . , اظهرت نتائج التحليل الاحصائي وجود علاقة ارتباط بين كثافة القشريات والعوامل الفيزياوية والكيمياوية المقاسة شهريا ولمدة عام , كذلك لوحظ وجود فروق معنوية بين اشهر ومحطات الدراسة بالنسبة لكثافة القشريات والعوامل الفيزياوية والكيمياوية عند مستوى P ≤ 0.05 . | This study was conducted to identify the types of Crustaceans and distribution in Al - Kufa River and the effect of some environmental factors on their presence , Study samples were collected monthly for the period from August 2014 to July 2015 of three stations, the first station is located north bridge Imam Ali , the second near the Missan trocar and the third station near old Kufa bridge . The Environmental factors, were measured ( physical and chemical) such as temperature , pH , dissolved oxygen, , electrical conductivity, salinity , turbidity ,total hardness (T . H) and calcium ion. Lower and upper limits for air temperature ranged from (14.3 - 42.6) Co and water temperature (13 - 30.4) C0 , pH (6.8 - 9.6) , dissolved oxygen (2.9 - 9.1) mg / L , the biological oxygen demand (BOD5) (0.7 - 4.7) mg / L), electrical conductivity (1162 - 2055) µs/ cm and salinity (0.7 - 1.31) ppt , turbidity (1.4 - 17.5) NTU, total hardness (210 - 930) mg / L and calcium ion ( 119 - 380) mg / L. During the current study, a new record of two species of Macrocrustaceans for the first time in AL - Kufa River Macrobrachium nipponense and river crab Potamon magnum which they return to the Order Decapoda, The highest density was recorded for the M. nipponense (63.58) individual / m 3 in the first station in October month and disappeared in the study, all stations at January and February, months , while the highest density of river crab P. magnum record (32.89) individual / m 3 in the first station in April month. in this study diagnosed 32 taxonomic unit return to Microcrustacea : Cladocera and Copepoda orders , also cladocera reverded where found that the most abundant and the abundance of plants in the study are Cladocera rank as comprising twenty - five type, while Copepoda rank of seven . Diagnosed eight genus belong to the Cladocera such as Bosmina, Daphnia, Ceriodaphnia, Simocephalus, Alona, Chydorus, Macrothrix, Monia, in all study stations, The genera Bosmina and Daphnia recorded high density while Macrothrix and Monia recorded low density which disappeared in the most study month in all study stations. Also four genera of the Copepoda were diagnose such as Cyclops, Diaptomus, Microcyclops and Macrocyclops, and genus Cyclops record high density while the genus Diaptomus recorded low density. eleven species of Microcrustacea were recorded for the first time in AL - Kufa River belonging to the Cladocera and Copepoda orders and these species are Daphnia umholtzil, Daphnia galeata, Daphnia magna, Daphnia retrocurva, Simocephalus sexpinosus, Alona affinis, Chydorus gibbus, Monia micrura , Cyclops strenuous, Macrocyclops albidus, and Microcyclops sp. Statistical analysis showed a correlation relationship between the density of Crustaceans and the physical and chemical factors measured per month for one year, also noted that there were significant differences between months and study stations for the intensity of Crustaceans and the physical and chemical factors at P ≤ 0.05

دراسة تاثـير المستخلصات المائيـة لنباتي الليمـون الحامـض والسعـد في ذكور الجرذان البيض السليمة والمصابة تجريبيا بداء السكري == Studying the Effect of Aqueous Extract of Citrus limon and Cyperus rotandus in alloxan induced in Diabetic Male Albino Rats

Author name: زهراء كريـم عبد الله حسن الميالي
Supervisor name: زينب شنيور مهـدي الطرفـي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: داء السكري هو اضطراب ايضي مزمن يتصف بارتفاع سكر الدم مع اضطراب في ايض الكاربوهيدرات والدهون والبروتين نتيجة لخلل في افراز الانسولين من قبل البنكرياس ، او تاثيره الحيوي اوكليهما، يشكل هذا الداء تهديد خطير ومتزايد على حياة الكثير من الناس ويعد المشكلة الرئيسية التي تودي بحياة الملايين، وما للنباتات الطبية اثر مهم في صحة الانسان كونها مصدرا مهما للعديد من الادوية والمستحضرات الطبية , وتكمن الفائدة الطبية لهذه النباتات في قابليتها على انتاج العديد من المركبات الكيميائية ذات الخصائص الصيدلانية التي تدخل كمادة اولية او عوامل مساعدة في صناعة الادوية ولكثرة استخدام الاعشاب (النباتات الطبية) في الوقت الراهن بوصفها الطب البديل جاءت هذه الدراسة . اجريت هذه الدراسة الحالية في كلية التربية للبنات / جامعة الكوفة للمدة من 2014/10/1 م ولغاية 2015/5/30 م وتضمنت الدراسة تحضير المستخلص المائي الحارلكلا النباتين (بذور الليمون الحامض Citrus limon ودرنات السعد (Cyperus rotundusوقد تضمنت الدراسة متابعة (42) حيوان من ذكور الجرذان البيض ، وتم تقسيمها الى سبعة مجاميع تضمنت كل مجموعة ستة ذكور ، اذ جرعت المجموعة الاولى فمويا بمحلول الملحي الفسيولوجي حسب وزن الجسم واعتبرت كمجموعة سيطرة (سالبة) ، اما المجموعة الثانية فقد حقنت تحت الجلد بالالوكسان (1 مل) واعتبرت كمجموعة سيطرة مصابة (موجبة)، اما المجموعة الثالثة فقد جرعت فمويا بالمستخلص المائي الحار لبذور الليمون الحامض بتركيز (500ملغم/كغم) بتركيز (750ملغم/كغم) وحسب وزن الجسم ، والمجموعة الرابعة جرعت فمويا بالمستخلص المائي الحار لدرنات السعد حسب وزن الجسم ، والمجوعة الخامسة فحقنت بالالوكسان تحت الجلد ومن ثم جرعت فمويا المستخلص المائي الحار لبذور الليمون الحامض بتركيز (500ملغم/كغم) وحسب وزن الجسم، والمجموعة السادسة التي حقنت بالالوكسان تحت الجلد ومن ثم تم تجريعها فمويا المستخلص المائي الحار لدرنات السعد بتركيز (750ملغم/كغم) حسب وزن الجسم ، واخيرا المجموعة السابعة التي حقنت بالالوكسان تحت الجلد ومن ثم جرعت فمويا بعقار الاميرال (Glimepiride) بتركيز (0.1) ، علما ان التجريع قد استمر لمدة ثلاثين يوما كاملا وبواقع مرة واحدة يوميا .وقد اظهرت نتائج الدراسة ما يلي :  حصول انخفاض معنوي (P< 0.05) في وزن الجسم واوزان الاعضاء (البنكرياس والكبد والكلية) لدى مجموعة السيطرة الموجبة(المحقونة بالالوكسان) عند مقارنتها بالمجاميع : السيطرة السالبة والمجموعتين المعاملتين بالمستخلص المائي الحار لبذور الليمون الحامض ودرنات السعد على التوالي والمجموعة المعاملة بالالوكسان وعقار الاميرال وكذلك المجموعتين المعاملتين بالالوكسان ومستخلص النباتين المذكورين على التوالي، وعلى النقيض من ذلك فقد اظهر وزن الجسم وكذلك اوزان الاعضاء ارتفاعا معنويا (P< 0.05) لدى المجموعتين المصابتين تجريبيا بداء السكري والمعاملتين بمستخلص النباتين كلا على حدا عندما تقارن بمجموعة السيطرة الموجبة.  وجود انخفاض معنوي (P< 0.05) في التعداد الكلي لخلايا الدم البيض وكريات الدم الحمر وتركيز الهيموغلوبين والصفيحات الدموية عند الحيوانات المصابة تجريبيا بداء السكري عند مقارنتها مع المجاميع : السيطرة السالبة والمجموعتين المعاملتين بالمستخلص المائي الحار لبذور الليمون الحامض ودرنات السعد على التوالي والمجموعة المعاملة بالالوكسان وعقار الاميرال وكذلك المجموعتين المعاملتين بالالوكسان ومستخلص النباتين المذكورين على التوالي ، على العكس من ذلك حصول ارتفاع معنوي (P< 0.05) في مجموعة الحيوانات السليمة لدى المجموعتين المصابتين تجريبيا بداء السكري والمعاملتين بمستخلص النباتين كلا على حدا عندما تقارن بمجموعة السيطرة الموجبة . حصول ارتفاع معنوي (P< 0.05) في مستويات الكلوكوز ، الكولسترول الكلي الكليسيريدات الثلاثية ، والبروتينات الدهنية واطئة الكثافة والواطئة الكثافة جدا وحصول انخفاض معنوي (P< 0.05) في مستوى البروتينات الدهنية عالية الكثافة لدى مجموعة السيطرة الموجبة عند مقارنتها مع المجاميع : السيطرة السالبة والمجموعتين المعاملتين بالمستخلص المائي الحار لبذور الليمون الحامض ودرنات السعد على التوالي والمجموعة المعاملة بالالوكسان وعقار الاميرال وكذلك المجموعتين المعاملتين بالالوكسان ومستخلص النباتين المذكورين على التوالي ، وكذلك حصول انخفاض معنوي (P< 0.05) في المعايير المذكورة اعلاه وارتفاع في البروتينات الدهنية عالية الكثافة في مجموعة الحيوانات السليمة ولدى المجموعتين المصابتين تجريبيا بداء السكري والمعاملتين بمستخلص النباتين كلا على حدا عندما تقارن بمجموعة السيطرة الموجبة . وحصول ارتفاع معنوي (P< 0.05) في فعالية الانزيمات الكبدية ALT, AST وALp والبلروبين لدى مجموعة السيطرة الموجبة عند مقارنتها مع المجاميع : السيطرة السالبة والمجموعتين المعاملتين بالمستخلص المائي الحار لبذور الليمون الحامض ودرنات السعد على التوالي والمجموعة المعاملة بالالوكسان وعقار الاميرال وكذلك المجموعتين المعاملتين بالالوكسان ومستخلص النباتين المذكورين على التوالي ، وحصول انخفاض معنوي (P< 0.05) في فعالية الانزيمات اعلاه في مجموعة الحيوانات السليمة ولدى المجموعتين المصابتين تجريبيا بداء السكري والمعاملتين بمستخلص النباتين كلا على حدا عندما تقارن بمجموعة السيطرة الموجبة . حصول انخفاض معنوي (P< 0.05)في مستوى البروتين الكلي والالبومين والكلوبيولين لدى مجموعة السيطرة الموجبة عند مقارنتها مع المجاميع : السيطرة السالبة والمجموعتين المعاملتين بالمستخلص المائي الحار لبذور الليمون الحامض ودرنات السعد على التوالي والمجموعة المعاملة بالالوكسان وعقار الاميرال وكذلك المجموعتين المعاملتين بالالوكسان ومستخلص النباتين المذكورين على التوالي ، وحصول ارتفاع معنوي(P< 0.05) في في مجموعة الحيوانات السليمة ولدى المجموعتين المصابتين تجريبيا بداء السكري والمعاملتين بمستخلص النباتين كلا على حدا عندما تقارن بمجموعة السيطرة الموجبة . اشارت نتائج الدراسة النسجية للكبد حصول تغير نسجي للكبد في حالة ارتفاع السكر بالدم تمثل بحصول توسع بسيط بالجيبانيات ،واحتقان دموي مع حدوث تنخر للخلايا الكبدية ونزف فيها ، وظهور مناطق التهابية عدة واستسقاء مائي وبعد معاملة المجموعة المصابة بالمستخلص المائي لكلا النباتين لوحظ رجوع الشكل الطبيعي للخلايا الكبدية . اشارت نتائج الدارسة النسجية للكلية حصول تغير نسيجي فيها في حالة ارتفاع الكلوكوز بالدم والمتمثل بخروج الانوية من الكبيبة الكلوية وتجمعها في اماكن متفرقة خارج الكبيبة وكذلك وجود نزف وتحطم في جدران الكبيبة والاوعية الدموية الموجودة ضمنها وتحطم واضح للقشرة الكلوية وعند معالجة الحيوانات المصابة بالمستخلص المائي لكلا النباتين لوحظ رجوع الشكل الطبيعي للكلية . اشارت نتائج الدارسة النسجية للبنكرياس حصول تغير في التركيب النسيجي للبنكرياس في حالة الاصابة بالسكري نتيجة الحقن بمادة الالوكسان تتمثل بوجود النزف الحاد في جميع مناطقها وحصول توسع وتحطم في الخلايا وعدم انتظام اشكالها وانحلال الانوية وخروجها من اماكنها الصحيحة ولكن عند معالجة الحيوانات المصابة بالمستخلص المائي لكلا النباتين لوحظ رجوع الشكل الطبيعي للبنكرياس.وقد سجلت النتائج جميعا بشكل عام تاثيرا افضل للمستخلص النباتي لبذور الليمون الحامض قياسا بدرنات السعد والدرنات افضل من العقار في تخفيض سكر الدم اضافة الى تحسين الاضطرابات الايضية المتسببة عن داء السكري المستحدث بعقار الالوكسان . | Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to a defect in Insulin secretion from the pancreas, insulin action or both, with disturbances in (carbohydrates, lipid and protein) metabolic due to a defect in Insulin secretion, Insulin action or both. This disease is a serious and growing threat to the lives of many people , it isthe main problem which cause death to millions,The medical plants have important impact on human health as an important source of many medicines and medical products. The medical advantage of these plants lies in their ability to produce many of the characteristics that the pharmaceutical intervention have as a primary material or contributing factors in the pharmaceutical industry chemical compounds. The frequent use of herbs (medical plants) at the present time as alternative medicine, as came in this study.This study was conducted at the Faculty of Education /University of Kufa during the period from2/10/ 2014 to 30/5/ 2015. The study included the preparation of aqueous extractsofCitrus lemonseeds and Cyperus rotundus tuber. Also the study includedthe use ofaqueous extractsofCitrus lemon at concentration (500) mg/kg andCyperus rotundus at concentration (750) mg/kgineach dosageaccording to the body weight of the albino rats (Ratus ratus). The study includes (42) white malerats divided into seven groups with six rat in each group and they were injected according to their weight in the following way : the first group was orally dosed with physiological saline and it was considered as a control(negative), the second group was injected with alloxan (1ml.) and were considered as infected control group (positive). The third group were also dosed orally with decocted extract of citrus lemon seeds in (500mg/kg). The fourth group was dosed orally with decocted extract of Cyperus rotundus (750mg/kg) concentration. The fifth group was first hypodermically injected with alloxan and then orally dosed with decocted extract of citrus lemon seeds in (500mg/kg) concentration. The sixth group was first hypodermically injected with alloxan and then orally dosed with decocted extract of Cyperus rotundus (750mg/kg) concentration. The seventh group was first hypodermically injected with alloxan and then orally dosed with Glimepiride with (0.1) concentration. The dosing continued for 30 days.  A significant decrease (P< 0.05) was shown in total body weight and organ weight such as pancreas, liver and kidney in uninfected control(Negative) when compared with other groups : in the two groups that were treated with hot aqueous extract of Citrus lemon seeds ad Cyperusrotundus tuber respectively, also,the group was treated with Amyral and the group that injected with alloxan and that treated with hot aqueous extract of Citrus lemon seeds and Cyperusrotundus tuber, we alsofound a significant increase (P< 0.05) in the above criteria in the two groups that were injected by alloxan and treated by two extracts when compared with the positive control group.  A significant decrease (P< 0.05) was shown in the total WBC and RBC count , and the hemoglobin concentration platelets in uninfected control group when compared with other groups : in the two groups that were treated with hot aqueous extract of Citrus lemon seeds and Cyperusrotundus tuber, respectively, also the group was treat with Amyral and the group that were injected with alloxan and that which was treated with hot aqueous extracts of Citrus lemon seeds and Cyperusrotundus tuber, also a significant increase (P< 0.05) was shown in the above criteriain diabeticanimalsgroup compared with healthy control group, we also found a significant increase (P< 0.05) was shown in the two groups that were injected by alloxan and treated by two extracts when compared with positive control group.  A significant increase (P< 0.05) was clear in the levels of glucose , total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein , very low density lipoprotein and a significant decrease (P< 0.05) in high density lipoprotein in uninfected control group when compared with other groups : in the two groups that treated with hot aqueous extract of Citrus lemon seeds and Cyperusrotundus tuber, respectively.Also the group was treated with Amyral and the group that injected with alloxan and that treated with hot aqueous extract of Citrus lemon seeds ad Cyperusrotundus tuber, a significant decrease (P< 0.05) was clear in the above criteria and significant increasein high density lipoprotein in diabeticanimalsshown in the two groups that were injected by alloxan and treated by two extracts when compared with the positive control group.  A significant increase (P< 0.05) the effectiveness of hepatic enzymes(ALT , AST ,ALP, Bilirubin) in uninfected control group when compared with other groups : in the two groups that were treated with hot aqueous extract of Citrus lemon seeds and Cyperusrotundus tuber, respectively, also the group was treated with Amyral and the group that injected with alloxan and that treated with hot aqueous extract of Citrus lemon seeds and Cyperusrotundus tuber, also a significant decrease (P< 0.05) in the effectiveness of hepatic enzymes in diabeticanimals, a significant decrease (P< 0.05). The effectiveness of the above enzymes in the two groups that were injected by alloxan and treated by two extract when compared with the positive control group.  The presented histological study of the liver refers to the histological changes in the liver in the state of hyperglycemia that is represented by the expansion of sinusoid, blood accumulation, necrosis and bleeding in hepatocyte, presence of many inflammation areas, watery dropsically but when treating diabetic animals by aqueous extract of (Citrus lemon andCyperusrotundus), it wasnoted thatthey returned back to the normal shape of hepatocyte. The histological study of the kidneyrefers to the occurring of the histological changes in the kidney in the state of hyperglycemia that were represented by getting out the nucleus from glomerulous and aggregation in many area out theglomeruli, also, the bleeding or the destruction of glomerulous wall with blood vessels, the present distraction in kidney cortex but when treating diabetic animals with aqueous extract of (Citrus lemon and Cyperusrotundus), it was noted that it returned back to the normal shape of kidney. The histological study of the pancreasrefers to the occurring of the histological changes in infected diabetic animals by (alloxan) which represented an acute bleeding in all regions, destruction and expansion in kidney cells, abnormal shape, nucleus degenerative and leaving the true area but when treating diabetic animals with aqueous extract of (Citrus lemon and Cyperusrotundus), it was noted that it returned back to the normal shape ofpancreas.In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the Citrus limonseeds and Cyperus rotundus tuberextracts gave good results, even better than the reference drug Amyral for loweringbloodsugar, in addition to improvingmetabolic disorderscaused byalloxan induced-diabetes

دراسة لتكوين الغشاء الحيوي لبكتريا Escherichia coli وProteus mirabilis المعزلة من اصابات المسالك البولية في محافظة النجف الاشرف == Study of Biofilm formation of Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis isolated from urinary tract infection in AL - Najaf Al - Ashraf governorate

Author name: رسل عيدان محسن
Supervisor name: سهام جاسم محسن
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Bacteria
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: The aim of this study is to inferring the ability of biofilm production and virulence factors which has helped to form it into two types of bacteria P.mirabilis and E.coli. Two hundred and fifty samples have been collected from patients who are suffering Urinary tract infection (UTI) in Teaching Hospital at Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf during the period ( 1/10/2014 - 1/1/ 2015). The samples have has identified by diagnostic methods : culturing , microscopic , biochemical and using VITEK - 2 compact system more sensitively and specifically method.The results have been showed that the isolation ratio was 30 (37.5%) of E.coli, while P.mirabilis was 14(17.5%) also, a five isolates (6.5%) wereEnterobacter cloacae ssp cloacae and only two isolates (2.5%) were Raoultella ornithinolytica from the total number of specimens. The virulence factors and antibiotic sensitivity test of two bacteria : P.mirabilis and E.coli were determined and the more virulence and multidrug resistance were selected.The hemagglutination properties of P.mirabilis which isolated from clinical samples were determined , the reaction with red blood cells of human group O+ was explored. The ratio of Hemagglutination was reached 42.86%, 50%, 7.14% to MSHA, MRHA and NOHA respectively. However, E.coli has been a different results that was reached 30 % , 26.67% and 43.33% from type MSHA, MRHA and NOHA as well. On the other hand, the thin - film production (pellicle) has been formed by 13 isolates of bacteria P.mirabilis and 21 isolates of bacteria E.coli, when it was growth on the nutrient broth in a temperature 37˚C for 24 - 18 hours. Moreover, it has been shown that there is high affinity for adhesion with the epithelium cell in the urinary tract. In addition, the E.coli has proved the higher efficiency than P.mirabilis in adhesion. It was detected ability of bacteria to biofilm production in three methods. The bacteria E.coli have showed their ability on biofilm production where by the rate was (43.3, 52 and60)% on the different growth ways which was the Congo Red, the tube and the plate respectively.The gel electrophoresis has been done on all isolates which was to analyzed on adhesive factors genetically whereby the bacteria P.mirabilis, E.coli have shown ability to gene expression (fimH and afaB) with a rate of (42.86 and 28.57)% and (30 and 20)%, respectively.Also, it has been clarified that the antibiotics ( Ciprofloxacin, Amikacin and Ceftazidime) have an effect on the most virulent bacteria to prevent the formation of biofilm when it is taken a half of minimum inhibitory concentrations. It was found that the minimum inhibitory concentrations were the most efficient in the prevent a biofilm formation in both types of bacteria.It appears to be found that the minimum inhibitory concentrations of these antibiotics were the most efficient in the prevent the formation of biofilm in both types of bacteria. Ciprofloxacin has the high efficiency to prevent the biofilm formation in E.coli while this concentration has no effective on biofilm production from others. It has been found that there is a clear positive relationship between the presence of adhesion gene (fimH , afaB) and the ability to adhesion on the epithelial .The conjugation process was conducted successfully to transfer the adhesion genes between (E.coli and P.mirabilis) which have been considered a donor strains to transfer the genes to the standard strain E.coli HB101 which have been considered a receipt strains whereby have shown ability to adhesion and biofilm formation.

عزل وتشخيص بعض فطريات الاذن الخارجيه واختبار قدرة الفطر Aspergillusعلى افراز بعض انزيمات عوامل الضراوة == Isolation And Identification of Some Fungi of Otitis Externa And Testing The Ability of Aspergillus Spp. To Produce Some of Virulence Factors Enzymes

Author name: وفاق احمد محمود
Supervisor name: سميرة كاظم حميد | ياسر لفتة حسون
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: جمعت (113) عينه سريريه (مسحة اذن Ear swab) لمرضى التهاب قناة الاذن الخارجيه الفطري Otomycosis من كلا الجنسين والذين راجعوا استشارية الانف والاذن والحنجره في مستشفى الصدر التعليمي والعيادات الخاصه للاطباء الاختصاص / محافظة النجف الاشرف للمده من تشرين الثان | This study included 113 ear swabs from patients with otomycosis, males and females, visited the otolaryngology consultation room at Al - Sader Medical City in An - Najaf / Iraq in addition to the private otolaryngology clinics of some of ear, nose and throat specialists, during the period from October 2012 to March 2013, the study aimed to isolate and diagnose the causative opportunistic mycotic infections of the ear and to test sensitivity of these organisms towards antimycotic agents in addition to identifying some enzymes of the most fungal reluctant type phenotypically and molecularly. (103) positive swabs were obtained from total samples including "Cephalosporium, Candida spp, Aspergillus spp, Neurospora and Trichosporium beigelii.The Precentage of isolated fungi was (85.43)% for Aspergillus, (10.67)% for Candida, while other species constituted totally (3.88)%. The study show that the highest percentage of isolated fungi was from males as it was(51.4)% while in females was (48.6)%. Patients' ages were found to be between (11 - 80) years and the age group (21 - 30) years was the most frequent Category in (30.3)% and the Category (71 - 80) years was affected only in (0.8)%. The highest percentage of insulation fungi during the period of sample collection was in February which constitute (30.9)% and the lowest percentage was in March reaching only (14.1)%.The highest ratios to isolate the fungus was recorded among housewives and unemployed males and it was (44.2%), while the lowest rates of insulation when the students reached (15.9%).The cases of otitis media excelled on the rest of the pathological cases accompaniments of Otomycosis as the proportion of insulation was (19.4%), followed by disease of blood pressure which their percentage was (5.3%), while the rest of the pathological cases did not have significant influence in insulation, for more ear side affected the left ear was affected in(51.8)% and the right was affected in (48.2) %. The study showed that there is inhibitory effect of (flucanazole, Nystatin, Clotrimazole, Miconazole, Itraconazole and Ketoconozole) against Aspergillus spp (A.niger, A.flavus and A.terreus). All antifungals were effective and their inhibitory ratio was (100) %, except for the antifungal (Fluconazole ) which found to have a lower inhibitory effect (10) % against the species A.flavus only. Testing the phospholipase activity for aspergillus species, A.flavus and A.niger showed phospholipase activity in two degrees (++, +++), but A.terreus shoed only (++). Searching the gene alp " which is encoded for the production of alkaline protease " showed that all the Aspegillus species produces the gene with amplification results of (100)% for the band supposed to appear at the molecular weight of (747) pb

دراسة مقارنة للتاثير الحامي للكبد بين الكويرسيتين ومستخلص الحلبة في ذكور الجرذان المسممة برباعي كلوريد الكاربون == Comparative Study of The Hepatoprotective Effect Between Quercetin And Trigonella Fenum Graecum Extract In Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity In Male Rats

Author name: نور حسون كاظم القرةغولي
Supervisor name: سحر محمود جواد الجمالي | محمد داخل الركابي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: يعد الكبد العضو الرئيسي المسؤول عن ازالة السموم في الجسم, مما يجعله الاول في التعرض للسمية الدوائية والكيميائية للمواد الداخلة للجسم من جميع الاعضاء, ووفق ذلك اجريت هذه الدراسة لمقارنة التاثير الحامي للكويرسيتين ومستخلص الحلبة على الانسجة الكبدية لذكور ال | The liver is the main organ responsible for removing toxins in the body, making it the first to face various chemicals from all of the organs, and according to this the study had designed to compare the hepatoprotective effect of the Quercetin and Trigonella foenum graecum extract on the liver tissues of male rats poisoned with carbon tetrachloride, and to know their effects when used together. The study was conducted at the Faculty of Pharmacy - University of Kufa, and included using of 30 rats from Sprague - Dawley divided into five groups : the negative control group, the positive control group, the group treated with organic extract, the quercetin treated group and the group treated with extract and quercetin together. The period of dosing continued for 7 days and on the eighth day all groups(except the control group) were poisoned with carbon tetrachloride. After 24 hours the animals were killed. The study lasted from April 2013 - until July 2013. The Liver weights of treated animals were measured, the effectiveness of transferase enzymes Alanine Transaminase, Aspartate Transaminase and Alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin level in the serum were assessed, also the Glutathione and Malondialdehyde levels were estimated in liver homogenized. The results showed the following : A significant increase (P<0.05) in the liver weights, the effectiveness of the amine transferase enzymes, Alkaline phosphatas and total bilirubin in the serum of the treated animals when compared with the negative control group, while these parameters revealed a significant decrease (P<0.05) at the treated groups as compared with the positive control group. The results showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in the Glutathione level and a significant increment (P<0.05) in the level of Malondialdehyde in the treated groups when compared with the negative control group. Also, the results showed a significant decrease and increase (P<0.05) in the levels of Glutathione and the Malondialdehyde at the treated animals as compared with the positive control group. The present study showed numerous histological changes which resulted from the injection with carbon tetrachloride. In relation with the tissue sections which have been taken from the treated groups : with the extract, quercetin and the group treated with both revealed a protective effect for organic extract seeds of Trigonella foenum - graecum and quercetin drug on the liver tissues which had been poisoned and the best effect in the protection appeared at the group which was treated with the extract and quercetin together. From this study we can conclude that the Trigonella foenum - graecum organic extract and quercetin may reveal a protective role for the liver against carbon tetrachloride poisoning by maintaining the effectiveness of liver enzymes Alanine Transaminase, Aspartate Transaminase and Alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin level in the serum as well as by increasing the Glutathione level and falling the Malondialdehyde level in liver homogenized. Also we conclude that using Trigonella foenum - graecum organic extract and quercetin together led to double protection of the liver and efficiently as a result of the positive impact which resulted from using them together

تقييم التعبير الجيني للجين UGT1A1 لدى حديثي الولادة المصابين باليرقان == Assessment of UGT1A1 Gene Expression In Hyperbilirubinemic Neonates

Author name: حسين حميد حسن
Supervisor name: ظافرة جعفر عبد علي الفتلاوي | صباح نعمة محمد الفتلاوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: zoology - Genetics
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: استخدمت في هذه الدراسة 125 عينة من حديثي الولادة لتقييم التعبير الجيني لل UGT1A1 والكشف عن المتغاير UGT1A1*28. استخدمت 85 عينة منها في تقييم التعبير الجيني لل UGT1A1, بينما استخدمت ال 40 عينة المتبقية للكشف عن المتغاير UGT1A1*28. اجريت الدراسة الحالية في | A cohort of 125 neonates enrolled in the present study 85 of which subjected to the UGT1A1 expression analysis and forty (40) independent subjects examined for UGT1A1*28 variant. The project was performed in the laboratory of molecular genetics in the collage of education for women, TSB, UCB, BG and ELISA were performed in ATHOP, Assader teaching hospital and Annajaf private laboratory in the period from may to October 2013. Analysis of the UGT1A1 gene expression showed considerable decrease in UGT1A1 expression with relative risk 1.46. Analysis of regression of UGT1A1 mean against severity showed significant inverse correlation between severity of NH and mean UGT1A1 level (r = - 0.99, p = 0.03). Results showed that UGT1A1 expression in males significantly lower than females. Analysis of UGT1A1*28 showed that 80% of the hyperbilirubinemic neonates were positive while 20% were UGT1A1*28 negative. Concluding that there are a considerable proportion of neonates in our community not expressing UGT1A1 enzyme; therefore, they are a risk group for kernicterus. And must be registered and followed up because they are at risk of carcinogenicity, therefore, irinotecan (an anti cancer drug) and similar compounds toxicity. Expression of UGT1A1gene is higher in female than in male neonates, while neonatal jaundice is less severe in female than in male neonates. Eighty percent of jaundiced neonates are UGT1A1*28 mutants. Defective UGT1A1 is the main underlying cause of NJ in our community.

انتشار المقاومة للمضادات الحيوية وبعض عوامل الضراوة في بكتريا Pseudomonas aeruginosa المعزولة من مستشفيات في النجف المعزولة من مستشفيات في النجف == Molecular Study To Some of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Virulence Factors Isolated From Clinical And Environmental Isolates

Author name: ذو الفقار حيدر حسن
Supervisor name: ماجدة مالك متعب
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية لغرض التحري عن وجود الجينات الكروموسومية المسؤولة عن بعض عوامل الضراوة المهمة لجنس Pseudomonas aeruginosa كانتاجها للسم الخارجي A والالجنيت اضافة الى الجينات الكروموسومية المسببة لمقاومة الكوينولونات في العزلات السريرية والبيئية لبكت | This study include investigate the presence of chromosomal quinolone resistance genes and virulence genes(toxA and algD) in clinical and environmental isolates from Al - Sadr Medical city.A total of 110 samples were collected from different clinical sources(burns, wounds, and urine), and 50 from the hospital environment.the samples were collected during 10, Oct, 2012 to 2, Feb, 2013. A total number of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates accounted for 89 of 160 samples.The distribution of these isolates were 28 from Burns, 14 wounds, 15 urine, and 32 from hospital environments. Identification of isolates has been accomplished depending on phenotypic diagnostic methods and PCR technique.our study proved that PCR technique depending on oprI and oprL genes was a rapid method for identification of non - pigmented isolates. A total of 20 antibiotics resistant isolates were chosen for Molecular studies. The result reveling that 100% of isolates had a chromosomal mutation in the QRDRs of genes (gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE). High percentage of isolates(45%) carried mutated genes gyrA and parC, followed by 15% of isolates were carried either mutated gene gyrA alone or three mutated genes gyrA, parC, and parE and and 10%of isolates were carried three muted genes gyrA, gyrB, and parC, while gene that encoding to parC mutation were detected in 5% of isolates. Our study is the first study about detection of Quinolone Resistance Determining Regions in P.aeruginosa in Iraq. The results showed the the presence of mexAB - oprM multidrugs efflux system expression in 100%(20) isolates. while the phenotypic test depending on MIC values for ciprofloxacin alone in the presence of efflux inhibitor showed that only 15%(3) isolates had the active efflux pump.

العلاقة بين كروماتين النطف ومعايير المني في مرضى عديمي الخصوبة == The Relationship Between Sperm Chromatin And Semen Parameters In Infertile Patients

Author name: وليد عبد علي حسن الخفاف
Supervisor name: صاحب يحيى حسن المرشدي | زينب شنيور مهدي الطرفي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى تقييم النسبة المئوية لكروماتين النطفة غير السوي Abnormal sperm chromatin percentage لمرضى عديمي الخصوبة مقارنة بالرجال الخصبين ودراسة العلاقة بين النسبة المئوية لكروماتين النطفة غير السوي ومعايير المني ومؤشر نوعية النطف وتركيز الم | The aim of the current study was to evaluate the Abnormal sperm chromatin percent for the infertile comparing with the fertile men and study the relation between the Abnormal sperm chromatin percent, the sperm and semen parameters, sperm quality index and MDA concentration for the infertile normozoospermic and asthenozoospermic patients comparing with the fertile men.This study was conducted in the laboratories of fertility centers in Al - Sader medical city/ Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf from 1 / 11 / 2012 to 30 / 4 / 2013.By the end of the semen liquefaction time, the 72 samples were divided into two groups : - the fertile men, (17), and the second is represented by the Infertile Normozoospermic (23) and the Asthenozoospermic (32). The age average was (1.36±30.9) , (0.98 ±29.6) and (1.63± 31.4) years respectively. The samples were restricted to the non smoking patients only. The study results show a significant (P< 0.05) decrease in the sperm concentration, the percent of the progressive forward movement sperm, the sperm viability percent and the semen volume, and a significant (P<0.05) increase in the round cell concentration, liquefaction time, Malondialdehyde concentration and the percent of the abnormal chromatin of the Normozoospermic and the Asthenozoospermic patients comparing with the fertile men. The results also show a negative correlation (P<0.05) between the (MDA) concentration and the parameters represented by the sperm concentration, percent of the progressive forward movement sperm, the normal sperm percent, the sperm viability percent sperm quality index and semen volume. While it had been noticed that there was a positive relation between the MDA concentration and the parameters represented by the sperm liquefaction time, round cell concentration and the abnormal sperm chromatin percent of all the study groups. In this research the relation between the sperm chromatin damage and the other study parameters had been studied by dividing the samples according to the degree of chromatin damage. The results show a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the sperm concentration, the percent of the progressive forward movement sperm, the normal sperm percent, the sperm viability percent, the sperm quality index and semen volume, with a significant (P<0.05) increase in the liquefaction time and round cell concentration (MDA) concentration and the percent of the abnormal chromatin of the group (> 10) comparing with the group (? 10) for the fertile men, also the results show a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the sperm concentration, the percent of the progressive forward movement sperm, the normal sperm percent, the sperm viability percent and the semen volume, with a significant (P<0.05) increase in the liquefaction time and round cell concentration for the group (> 25) comparing with the group (? 25) for the infertile Normozoospermic patients. For the Asthenozoospermic patients the study shows a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the sperm concentration, the percent of the progressive forward movement sperm, the normal sperm percent, the sperm quality index, the sperm viability percent and semen volume, and a significant (P<0.05) increase in the liquefaction time and round cell concentration for the study groups represented by the group (> 20 - 40) and (< 40) comparing with (? 20). From the above results it could be concluded that the increase of (MDA) level resulted from the active (ROS) leads to an increase in the abnormal chromatin percent of the infertile Normozoospermic patients which had a negative effect on the semen parameters which could be a reason for the infertility for those patients

دراسة مناعية نسجية للاستجابة المناعية لسرطان الغدة اللبنية المغروسة في الفئران البيض == Immunological And Histological Study For Immune Response To Implanted Murine Mammary Adenocarcinoma In Albino Mice

Author name: نور ابراهيم عبد الزهرة شبر
Supervisor name: احمد حميد عبود العزام | جميل جري يوسف الحميداوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Immunology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: يعد السرطان واحدا من المخاطر الاساسية التي تهدد حياة الانسان في مختلف بلدان العالم، لان هذا المرض لا يقف عند عضو معين فهو ينتشر الى كثير من اعضاء الجسم الاخرى ليفتك بها، ومن هذا انطلقت الدراسة الحالية التي اجـريت للفترة من تشرين الاول / 2012 م ولغاية اب | The Cancer is one of highly risk factors that threats the human life world wide, because the disease has metastatic property from primary to secondary sites. This study was carried out during the period extending between October 2012 and August 2013, in laboratories of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Faculty of Education for girls in University of Kufa. It is aimed to follow up the changes in volume of growing tumor in female albino mice which were injected with cells of murine mammary adenocarcinoma.The histological changes, immunohistochemical examination investigate the distribution of CD8+ T lymphocytes were also studied.The changes of IgG and IgM titers in serum were also investigated. The study included use of 40 female albino mice at age 6 - 8 weeks, 25g weight average.All mice were injected by cells of murine mammary adenocarcinoman (AM3) in subcutaneous of femoro - dorsal region, and ascending to cervical region. The tumor was successfully implanted into 28 mice.These mice divided into four groups, each contains seven tumor - bearing mice.The animals of the first group subjected to the investigations after 48 hrs from implantation , while those of 2nd, 3rd & 4th groups after 10, 20, 30 days respectively. Seven healthy mice were considered as control group to comparison of immunological tests. Tumor volume & relative tumor volume were measured in different experimental groups. Histological section were prepared by routine histological techniques that including the steps of dehydration, clearing, infiltration, embedding, cutting & staining by hematoxylin and eosin stains, then microscopical examination had been done by optic microscop. The results indicated there was significant increase in tumor volume and relative volume with advancing of tumor age in animals of 2nd, 3rd & 4th groups where compared with first group. The gross examination of the animals of different groups showed that the tumor grew as irregular projection with loss of hair and erosion of overlying skin with milky discharge. The post - mortem examination revealed that the tumor mass was divided into small lobules with various coloures and the tumor mass surrounded by fibrous tissue which increase in thickness as the tumor increased in the age. Extensive areas of necrosis were noticed in the centers of the tumor masses. The microscopic examination of tumor masses in the first group raveled there were sub cataneous small aggregation of tumor cells at the implantation region as well as dispersion of the implantated tumor cells. The inflammatory cells, especially neutrophils were infiltrated. In the second group, the tumor masses showed lobulation by fibrous septa with proliferation of new blood vessels with congestion of them. Infiltaration of inflammatory cells, particularly the lymphocytes. The tumor cells arranged as ribbons and acini, characterized by hyperchromacia pleomorphism, high N/C ratio as well as appearance of mitotic figures. The histological features of the third group revealed increase of amount of fibrous tissue extensive necrotic areas and loss of architecture.These appeared in the fourth group in addition to the presence of cellular debris with dead inflammatory cells. The immunohistochemical study showed no CD8+ T cells were infiltrated in the mass of first group but the little infiltration of these cells was show in the second group. The highest infiltration of the CD8+ T cells was appeared in the third group. while the little cells were discharged in the fourth group. The results of the single radial immunodiffussion assay showed that the implantation with mammary adenocarcinoma had significant effect in increasing the titer of IgM after (48) hours and (30) days from implantation of tumor compared to control group, while the titer is not significant after (10) and (20) days from implantation of the tumor compared to control group. Also the results revealed a significant decrease in the titer of IgG after (48) hours and (30) days from implantation of the tumor, while were no significant increase in the titer of immunoglobulin after (10) and (20) days from implantation of the tumor, compared to the control group. From all the above, We concluded that there was variable histological changes as the age of tumor advanced these changes were characterized by increase of amount of tumor cells in the first groups and occurrence of necrosis in late groups, as well as increase the fibrous tissue as the tumor age advanced. The infiltrative CD+8 lymphocyt was also variable as change of tumor age. The implantation of tumor in mice groups had marked effect in stimulation of humoral immune response through increase of IgM & IgG titers.

دراسة العوامل الوراثية والخلوية والتوصيف الجزيئي لاصناف الحنطة المزروعة في محافظة النجف باستخدام مؤشرات التتابعات البسيطة المتكررة SSR == Studying The Genetic And Cellular Factors And Molecular Characterization of Wheat Varieties Cultivars In The Province of Najaf By Using Simple Sequences Repeat Ssr Markers

Author name: صبا عبد المطلب المدني
Supervisor name: ميثم عبد الهادي السوداني | سلوى جابر العوادي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: ضمن البحث دراسة عشرة اصناف من الحنطة الناعمة (حنطة الخبز) Triticum aestivum L. من الاصناف العراقية والمدخلة الى البلد من قبل وزارة الزراعة العراقية والمزروعة في محافظة النجف وهي : الشام6 , ابوغريب, تموز2, تموز3, العراق, النور, اللطيفية, اباء 99, الرشيد, و| The study included studying ten cultivars of soft wheat (wheat bread) of several types the Iraqi, foreign and imported types into the country by the Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture and cultivated in the province of Najaf, they are : Sham 4, Abu Ghraib, Tamoz 2, Tamoz 3, Iraq, Alnoor, Latifiya, Ebaa 99, Rasheed and Alforat to study the genetic stability using cytological studies. Cultivars were grown in Petri dishes and pots for the cytological studies that included studying the number of chromosomes in the somatic cells at the root tips and the chromosomal behavior during meiosis of the mega spores of the Pollen Mother Cells (PMCs). The cytological studies regarding the number of somatic chromosomes in the meristematic cells of the root tip revealed that they were in genetic stability regarding the level of chromosomal number and in a state of Eupliod in all the investigated cultivars. They also showed that the chromosomal behaviors during meiosis of the pollen mother cell (PMCs) was bivalent representing organized chromosomal behavior in the investigated cells which is regarded as an indicator and a proof of genetic stability of the studied cultivars. During the study, the genetic cultivars, using 15 primers of simple sequence repeat (SSR), gave all polymorphic between the cultivars and produced polymorphic 39 alleles at average of 2.6 for each locus, showed the genetic adendrogram of ten cultivars was performed by two groups in which the percentage of similarity between them was 75% as the results showed that the closest cultivars to each other were Tamoz 2 and Ebaa 99 which is the same genetic dimension between Tamoz 3 and Ebaa 99 reached 0.107 and by the similarity 89%, while the two cultivars alsham4 and Al - Rasheed were divergent (0.333) with 67% similarity.

دراسة بيئية وتصنيفية للقواقع المائية في مدينة النجف الاشرف وبعض المؤشرات حول حكة السباحين == Taxonomic And Ecological Study of Aquatic Snails In The Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf City And Some Pointers About Swimmer’s Itch

Author name: اسراء عبيد حسين الشبلي
Supervisor name: جاسم حميد رحمة الخزاعي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية في محافظة النجف الاشرف تم جمع عينات القوقع من ثلاث محطات ( (منخفض بحر النجف وقضاء المشخاب والعباسية)) للفترة من 1 - 2 - 2013 لغاية 30 - 10 - 2013 وفحصت العينات في مختبر اللافقريات التابع لكلية التربية للبنات لغرض تشخيص الاطوار اليرقي | This study was conducted in Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf province and the samples were collected from Bahar Al - Najaf, Al - Mashkhab and Al - Abbasia, during the period 1/2/2013 untill 30/10/. The samples were in the laboratory of invertebrates in College of Education for Girls to diagnos the larva stages of Trematodes which parasitize on the aquatic snails with some of the indicators and observations about the causes of Swimmer’s itch disease. The lowest water temperature in AL - Abbasia water was 13?c in February while the highest temberature was recorded in Bahar Al - Najaf 30.4?c in August. The PH ranged between (7 - 8.5).The Electrical Conductivity recorded the lowest rate in February in Al - Abbasia 1.16 Microsimnez / cm and the highest rate in March in Bahar Al - Najaf 5.97 Microsimnez / cm and the salinity concentration was lowest the in February in Al - Abbasia 0.58 ppt, while the highest rate was recorded in March in the Bahar Al - Najaf (2.98) ppt and Turbidity was the lowest rate in Al - Mishkhab in October 2.8 Unit Turbidity nephlometric and the highest rate was in the AL - Abbasia in July (4.42) units Turbidity nephlometric while The Dissolved Oxygen recorded the lowest level in the Al - Abbasia 2 mg / L in August and the highest level in April in Al - Mishkhab 8.5 mg / L. The study showed the presence of five types of snails : Belamia bengalensis, Lymnae auricularia, Physa acuta, Melanopsis nodosa and Melanoides tuberculata. therefore, there are five species of snails in Bahar Al - Najaf while P.acuta was not recorded in Al - Abbasia and Al - Mashkhab in addition, the numbers of the snails varied according to the time, so the B.bengalensis and M.nodosa increased in June, July and August while L.auricularia and P.acuta and M.tuberculata snails increased during spring season. All snails that have been diagnosed were infected with (Miracidium, Sporocyst, Ridia and five types of Cercaria) stages.Also, the highest infection in the M.tuberculata was 36.3%, B.bengalensis 31.3%, M.nodosa 25.4%, L.auricularia 24 % while the snail P.acuta recorded lower infection rate at13.7%. The Results of the questionnaire revaled that the males infection in Swimmer’s itch was 76% higher than females.The highest infection was among (10 - 20 years) it reached 36%, and 39% in fishmen and aquatic birds which is the highest rate compared with others. The highest rate of infection was recorded in August (42 %) a large number of the patients exhibited symptoms of the disease after coming out of the water and dehydration reached 52%.The results showed that 75% of patients showed Symptoms of the Swimmer’s itch after (3 - 7days), also the hands and legs were more susceptible to infection 62 %, and the highest percentage of the S.dermatitis 86% wdetected in person swimming in Shallow water

تقييم مستوى بعض الحركيات الخلوية لدى المرضــى المصابين بفايروس الحلا البسيط النمط الاول Herpes simplex virus - 1 == Evaluation of The Level of Some Cytokines In Patients With Herpes Simplex Virus Type I (HSV - 1)

Author name: حسين علي كاظم
Supervisor name: سهام جاسم الكعبي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى تسليط الضوء على مجموعة من المرضى المصابين بفايروس الحلا البسيط النمط الاول Herpes simplex virus - 1(HSV - 1) من خلال تقييم مستوى نوعين من الحركيات الخلوية الموجودة في مصولهم. شملت هذه الحركيات الخلوية الانترلوكين Interleukin - 6(I | The present study aimed to highlight a group of patients infected with herpes simplex virus type I (HSV - 1) by evaluating levels of two types cytokines in sera. These included cytokines interleukin - 6 (IL - 6) and tumor necrosis factor - alpha (TNF - ?) has been evaluated using the technique of Enzyme - linked immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), has also been investigating the relationship between these cytokines and the stages of infection compared to the control group. Before that rapid cytologic method has been used to diagnose the virus by detecting the presence of multinucleated giant cells, and then was diagnosed serologically by specific IgM and IgG monoclonal antibodies against Herpes simplex virus - 1. It was also used Radial immunodiffusion method to evaluate levels of total IgM and IgG in patients sera.Sixty four sera samples were collected from patients who are attending to the consultants clinics of Al - Hakeem general hospital and AL - Sader teaching hospital in AL - Najaf AL - Ashraf governorate for the period from October 21/2012 until March 13/2013. These Samples were divided into two groups : (32) sample during primary and recurrent infection, (32) after recovery from infection (latent stage), as well as (16) sample were collected from healthy individuals, who were regarded as acontrol groups.The study reached to the following results : • A significant increment (p<0.05) in sera concentrations of IL - 6 in patients during infection as compared with control groups, but the increment was not significant in sera of patients during latent stage.• TNF - ? levels increased in sera of patient, but this increment was not significant as compared with controls group.• There was no significant increase of Total IgM levels in sera of patients.• Total IgG levels increased significantly in sera of patients during infection and latent stage as compared with control group.• A highly significant positive correlation (r= 0.7, p= 0.00) between TNF - ? and IL - 6 concentration in sera of patients.• There was no significant correlation (p>0.05) between Total IgM levels and (IL - 6 and TNF - ?) in sera of patients with correlation coefficient (r= 0.1, r=0.2) respectively.• Positive significant correlation (r= 0.4, p= 0.02) was found between total IgG levels and IL - 6 in patients during infection, but was no correlation between them in latent stage.• There was no association between age and IL - 6 and TNF - ? levels in sera of patients with HSV - 1.Finally, the elevation of TNF - ? and IL - 6 levels in sera of infected patients with HSV - 1 may be play an important role in pathogenicity of virus, as well as it may limits the viral infection.Furthermore, there are positive correlation between levels of TNF - ? and IL - 6 in sera of patients

دراسة بعض التاثيرات المرضية للدودة الدبوسية Enterobius vermicularis لدى الاطفال في محافظة النجف == The Study of Some Pathologaical Effects of Pin Worm Enterobius Vermicularis Among The Children In Al - Najaf Province

Author name: ساهرة عايد عبد الصاحب الموسوي
Supervisor name: هيثم محمد حمادي العوادي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية للمدة من شهر تشرين الثاني 2011 الى شهر تموز 2012, لمعرفة تاثير الدودة الدبوسية Enterobius vermicularis في بعض المعايير الدموية والكيموحيوية والسريرية لدى الاطفال المصابين بالدودة (12 - 4سنة). استخدمت طريقة الشريط اللاصق الاسكتلندي في | The present study was conducted during the period from November 2011 to July 2012, to evaluat the effect of the pin worm Enterobius vermicularis on the Hematological, biochemical and chlinical parameters in infected children (4 - 12 year).This study included 300 patient from both sexes and different ages. The Scotch Cellulose Tape Technique used for the examination of pin worm in children, attended Al - Sader Educational Hospital, Al - Zahraa hospitals and central laboratory in Al - Najaf Al - Ashraff city. The results of the sudy showed a significant decrease was noticed in Hb and PVC in infected person compared with the control group While there was a significant increase in each of the total number of white blood cells and Eosinophils and Neutrophile and a decrease in Lymphocyte, and it did not show any significant difference in the Basophilis and Monocyte in children infected with pin worm compared with the control group.The results of the study showed a significant increase in the levels of Nitric Oxide, Malondialdehyde, it also showed a significant decrease in the levels of Gluthanione in the infected group compared with the control group. The concentration of Copper, Zinc, Magnesium and Vitamine B12 were low in children infected with pin worm compared with the control group. The high incidence rate of infection accompined with patient suffering from pruritus ani and nocturnal enuresis. The age group (10 - 12) year represent the highest group infected with the worm.The education level influence the distribution of these worm among un educated families, and ratio of infection increase in male and female in families which contain more than (10) members with significant difference P<0.05 and this ratio decreased in children in families which contain between 3 - 4 members.This study did not show any significance defferent in infection among the ratio of infection between male and female under P<0.05.

دراسة جزيئية للـ Bacteriocine المنتج من قبل بكتريا lactobacillus salivarius == Molecular Study of Bacteriocine Produce By Lactobacillus Salivarius

Author name: ايمان حمزة محمد
Supervisor name: احلام نعيم كاظم الياسين
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الحالية التحري عن قابلية عزلات بكتريا Lactobacillus salivarius على انتاج البكتريوسين ودوره في تثبيط فعالية بعض العزلات البكتيرية السالبة لصبغة غرام. جمعت 155 عينة من مصادر سريرية مختلفة شملت 20عينة مسحات مهبلية، 8 عينة مسحات اللعاب، 6عينة حل | The aime of study detecting the a bility of Lactobacillus salivarius to produce bacteriocin and determine it’s role in inhibition the activity of some Gram negative bacteria. Atotal of 155 sample from different clinical source has been collected during the period from October - 2012 to March - 2013, these include 20 samples from vaginal smear, 8 samples from saliva and 6 samples from human milk.The results of primary isolation, Laboratory diagnosis and biochemical test showed that 34 isolates has bee identified as L.salivarius.Ahigh precent of isolation has been carried out from human milk which was 40%. The ability of all isolates to produce gelatinase and biofilm has been detected and the results revealed the ability of some isolates to produce gelatinase and biofilm. Ahigh percent of gelatinase production has been detected in L.salivarius isolated from milk sample (50%), while alow percent of gelatinase production was 0% in L.salivarius isolated from saliva. The results of optical density of biofilm produced by L.salivarius isolates from milk which was 100% higher than it in isolates from vaginal and saliva which was 85% and 75% respectively. All isolates shows antibacterial effect against some Gram negative bacteria, the diameter of inhibition as between (2 - 8), the results showed the ability of 4 selective isolates of L.salivarius to produce bacteriocin in which the Rf valve of precipitate bacteriocin was (0.42 - 0.6) compard with leaky bacteriocin hich was (0.57 - 0.8), also leaky bacteriocin as more activity against G - ve bacteria than precipitate bacteriocin. The result of plasmid profile in L.salivarius revealed the presence of megaplasmid in all isolate except one which had one megaplasmid and one small plasmid. Bacterial conjugation between L.salivarius that produce bacteriocin and had megaplasmid which used as adonor cell with E. coli Jm 109 as a recipient cell showed transferring of megaplasmid from donor to recipient cell and the transconjugant cells showed high anti - bacterial effect due to bacteriocin production against G - ve bacteria. The result of amplification of Sal P gene encoding salivracin P by PCR confirmed that all isolate had no Sal P gene in there genetic materials which revealed that these isolates had another type of bacteriocin rather than Salivracin P.

تقييم فعالية المستخلص المائي والكحولي لنبات الصبار Aloevera في الاصابة التجريبية لطفيلي Eimeria tenella لدى فروج اللحم == Evaluationof Alcoholic Andwateryextracts Efficacyofaloe Veraon Experimental Infectedbroilerwitheimeriatenella

Author name: زهراء حاتم حميدي عبود الكعبي
Supervisor name: هيثم محمد حمادي العوادي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية على (216) فرخ دجاج نوع Rose 308مصاب بطفيلي Emiria tenella خلال المدة من شهر نيسان 2013 الى شهر تشرين الاول 2013, وقد تم في الدراسة الحالية تحديد بعـــــــــض المؤشــــــــــــــرات الدمــــوية (الخلايا المتغايرة /الخلايا اللمفاوية HL | This study was conducted to (216) broilers chickens (Rose 308 Trade) infected parasite with Eimeria tenella performed form April 2013 till October 2013, has been in the current study to identify some indicators of blood(Heterophils/ Lymphocytes, White Blood Cell, Red Blood Cell, Packed Cell Volume, Hemoglobin) and biochemistry (Glucose, cholesterol and total protein) and productive performance (Weight increase, Food conservation, Cansumbtion and Body weight befor slugtery) , We note at the parasite has infected chicks were used three extracts of Aloe vera (alcoholic and hot water and cold water), dosage chicks were to demonstrate the effect of different concentrations of these extracts on the productivity and physiological traits mentioned above. Then the experiment was designed, which include the following : 1 - The first group (control group) included 36 chicks and was given food with no anti - coccidial. 2 - The second group include 36 chicks in duplicate was infected but did not treated.3 - The third group inclouded 36 chicks in duplicate was given extract of Aloe vera Alcoholic ethyl in adose of (0.5 - 1.5 - 2)gm per mm body weight.4 - The fourth group inclouded 36 chicks in duplicate was given extract of Aloe vera Cold water in adose of (0.5 - 1.5 - 2)gm per mm body weight.5 - The fifth group inclouded 36 chicks in duplicate was given extract of Aloe vera Hot water in adose of (0.5 - 1.5 - 2)gm per mm body weight.6 - The sixth group include 36 chicks in duplicate was given Vetacox(trade Mark)that had both Sulphadimidin 80 gm and Diverdin8 gm.Results showed the following : - 1 - The alcoholic extract of Aloe vera at concentration (0.5, 1.5, 2) g/ml after an infection in the fifth week revealed alittle effect on the H/L when compared with eighth week of infection. also this extract lead to increase, the rate of (PCV), (Hb) , and (RBC) while lead to decrease the rate of (WBC) after eighth week of infection at concentration (2)g/ml. Also this extract lead to increase the rate of cholesterol, total protein and the rate of weight increased in the eighth week, while the amount of feed intake and feed conversion showed alittle effect, as well as the body weight befors slaughter has astrong effect at concentration(2)g/ml in the eighth week of infection. 2 - The cold and hot aquatic extract of Aloe vera at concentration(2)g/ml lead to decrease the ratio of H/L and increase the rate of (PCV), (Hb) and (RBC) after the infection in the eighth week, also lead to decreas the rate of (WBC) and increase the rate of cholesterol, total protein, the rate of weight increased, the amount of feed intake and the body weight before slaughter at concentration (2)g/ml in the eighth week of infection. Also recorded abetter efficiency of feed conrersion at concentration (2)g/ml in the eighth week of infection.
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