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تحليل العوامل المحددة لسياسة الاقتراض العام : مصر حالة دراسية == The Analysis of Limited Factors For Policy of Public Credit , Egypt As Study Case

Author name: باسم محمد تركي العواد
Supervisor name: يسرى مهدي حسن السامرائي
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The public credits are considered to be one of the most important source of the public - Revenues. In addition, they are considered to be modern tools for making and financing the public service which are brought into surface with the presence of the modern public financial concepts. moreover , they are distributing the financial - Burden among different section of the society. The public - credits ,also, affect the process of distributing the national income since they are recognized to be prominent tools for relating the fiscal - policy with monetary policy.The matter of increasing the public - credits economically , socially and politically is widely justified because of the government interfering in the economic and social fields.This interference leads also, to the increasing of the public payment which are used to save the other public revenues like taxes. This process of financing leads consequently to a deficit in the blanc of payments for a lot of countries that follow such policy. Addihoually, those countries make use of these credits to save the deficits. Therefore , these credits become like an active means to save the revenues which cannot be achieved by the taxes. Besides, the public credits are considered and recognized to be one of the most important means of the fiscal and economic policy to achieve the national intentions This study describes the problem of the public credits by tackling the main elements that affect this kind of policy.Besides, the study makes some application to the public credits policy in Egypt. The changes in Egyptian economics have been determined when the affective elem ents of the internal and external crediting policy are dealt with especially after the application of the reformation policy after 1990. The study is divided into three main chapters. The first are deals with the concept of the public credits.This chapter is divided into two sections.The first one tackles the development of this concept from the traditional thought till the modern one.While, the second section deals with the technical way of systemizing the public credits in the form of conditions and issues.The second chapter analyzes the economic and social elements which determine the main policy of crediting.This chapter is also divided into two sections.The first one deals with the economic elements whiles the second one tackles the political and social elements that determine and form the policy of crediting. The third chapter is dedicated to deal with the elements of crediting in Egypt. It is divided into three sections. The first one deals with the affective elements of the amount of the internal and external public crediting.The second section is dedicated to highlight the economic elements that form the policy of the public crediting in Egypt. The third section tackles the political and social elements that form the public crediting policy.Finally , the last chapter sums up the finding that the study come with

التحليل البيزي لنماذج الانحدار الخاصة بالبيانات المزدوجة (panel data) == Bayesian Analysis For Regression Panel Data Models

Author name: باسم شليبه مسلم عباس القيسي
Supervisor name: اموري هادي كاظم الحسناوي
Specific topic: Statistics
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعد البيانات الاحصائية ضرورية عند دراسة اغلب ظواهر المجتمع ومنها الظواهر الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والنفسية الخ كون تحليل تللك البيانات باستخدام الاساليب الاحصائية توفر للباحث او متخذ القرار حول الظاهرة المدروسة قاعدة من المعلومات الضرورية لتسهيل عملية اتخاذ | The statistic data is important to study most of phenomena as economical , social , psychological phenomena..etc. The analysis of this data via the statistical methods gives the researcher or the decision maker more information about the studied phenomenon to make the suitable decision. The data availability needs to limit a mathematic model which represents them by the researcher and to put in consideration the type of the available data. One of the these data is panel data which can be defined ( that they are repeated measurements to the studied phenomena for N from the cross section and for T from the time series ) which can be represented by one of the model ( fixed effect model or random effect model ).Most of the studies exposed estimation of the chosen model parameters by using the classical methods as GLS and FGLS methods , whereas this research touches on the Bayesian methods to estimate parameters , especial regressive model (panel data) ,depending on the priors distributions ( non informative prior dist. and conjunct prior dist. ) and to compare them with ML method to chose the best ones for estimation and choosing.After doing two practical applications in the research ,we obtained findings. ML method was the most significant for estimating the model parameters for the fixed effect model and pooling model. Bayes method which depends on non informative prior distribution , got the second grade.When using Bayes method depending on prior distribution used in the research to estimate the fixed model parameters when the cross sections number are little to get multivariate - t posterior distribution , and if it is used with random effect model we get multivariate normal after making asymptotic expansion with existing of a loss function of the weighed squired error.

فاعلية السياسة النقدية في تحقيق الاستقرار الاقتصادي في العراق للمدة من 1990 - 2005

Author name: باسم خميس عبيد الشمري
Supervisor name: فريد جواد كاظم الدليمي
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

اثر السياسة المالية في تحقيق الاستقرار والنمو في العراق للمدة 2010 - 1990

Author name: باسم خميس عبيد
Supervisor name: فريد جواد كاظم الدليمي
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان السياسة المالية في فترة الحصار الاقتصادي (1990 - 2003) تعرضت الى فقدان الايراد المالي ذو المصدر النفطي مما دفع الامر الى هيمنة السياسة المالية على السياسة النقدية واتباع سياسة النقد الرخيص (التمويل التضخمي) بهدف تمويل برامج التنمية الاقتصادية التي لم ت | That fiscal policy in the economic blockade (1990 - 2003) came to the loss of financial revenue source with oil, prompting it to the dominance of fiscal policy on monetary policy and pursue a policy of cheap cash inflationary financing to fund economic development programs that have not been fulfilled on the ground, but able to maintain an acceptable level of consumer spending (ration card) and the reason for this trend of economic cycles inflationary strike reflected a lack of economic stability and the occurrence of the so - called inflation stasis in terms of higher general level of prices and the low level of GDP as well as the spread of speculation and parallel markets that fueled waves inflationary to the release cash. As the vision and philosophy of the economic system in Iraq after 2003, which represents the second part of the study (2003 - 2010) were not clearly defined and remains true because of overlapping internal factors was the novelty of the political system and the lack of political decision - makers and economic to understanding and conviction full need shaping a new administration of the Iraqi economy is able to succeed economic development programs, and external factors was determinedly international organizations to implement reforms style shock and contrary to the social reality and the security which reflected negatively on the work and consistency Lisseeash financial balance between stability and growth and raise the level of consumer spending, which caused the entry of the Iraqi economy in courses inflationary sustainable fueled waves of economic instability and low levels of gross non - oil, also entered fiscal policy contradictions basic including reconciling role Stablilty and development on the one hand and the search for stabilizers dynamic wide spectrum of the public budget in the absence of the economic approach is clear and the independence of the monetary authority effecting which negatively impacted the financial and monetary stability, economic and economic development plans.

اعادة هندسة مسار العمليات وتاثير ابعادها في تعزيز الاداء المؤسسي : بحث في مكتب المفتش العام لوزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي == Re - Engineering of Process Path And The Effect of Its Dimensionsfor Enhancing of Institutional Performance : Research In The Public Inspector Office For Height Education Ministry And Scientific Research

Author name: باسم حاكم كاظم العابدي
Supervisor name: غسان قاسم داود سلمان اللامي
Specific topic: Performance Evaluation
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يهدف هذا البحث الى تشخيص واقع وامكانية تطبيق اعادة هندسة مسار ابعاد العمليات في مكتب المفتش العام لوزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي العراقية مع دراسة وتحليل امكانية توفير الارضية المناسبة لذلك , من خلال الاطلاع على الامكانيات المتوفرة لدى المكتب وخصوصا | This research aims to diagnose the reality and the possibility of the application of re - dimensions of operations in the Office of the Inspector General of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Iraq with the study and analysis of the possibility of providing a suitable ground for that course of Engineering, through access to the possibilities available to the office, especially human resource (personnals, skills, expertises) , which is the central element for the success of change. The research problem has been identified in the presence of routine and administrative episodes excess and found organizational structure that contains the administrative units can be combined or dispensed with the development of other units to actively contribute to enhancing the performance, and not to use the available resources optimally and this in turn generates bottlenecks and waste of time and that means wasting resources and random lag the performance of the business, as well as to answer a number of questions, the most important - is the availability of the dimensions of re - operations in the course of work of the Office of the Inspector General of the Ministry of Higher Education and scientific research environment Engineering? What is the reality of the corporate performance indicators Office of the Inspector General of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research? In order to achieve the desired goals of the research and answer the questions of the problem, as research aims to see the actual reality of the performance of the Office of the Inspector General of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research and diagnose strengths and weaknesses and make proposals that would consolidate the strengths and address weaknesses in the path Business, diagnose reality and the dimensions of process re - engineering and the dimensions of institutional performance and its impact in the order of precedence of those dimensions in the office, applied research on a sample of (60) a member of the office staff out of (127) and functional level extends between managers and department heads and officials of the people and officials of the units and some of the staff, has used the questionnaire as a tool to collect data and information, the study reports the office has been relying on the analysis of data on the arithmetic mean of the results of the standard deviation and the relative importance and tight to answer and the coefficient of variation and t - test, F sig as appropriate statistical methods to analyze the data, and achieved a set of results, highlighted by the presence of correlation significant morale among the dimensions of Business process Reengineering and the dimensions of institutional performance appeared that there was a significant effect between Business process Reengineering and the dimensions of institutional performance, as this effect level uneven between dimensions, while at the level of exploratory analysis of the data shows a routine and workshops administrative redundant to be canceled or processed through simplification of procedures and attention to reconsider the restructuring and the abolition of administrative loops is important and which can be dispensed with, and that the office need to pay attention to simplify procedures and a review of the current structure. a and the abolition of routine existing and adoption analysis for operations and research found a new administrative structure is consistent with the principle of re - engineering institutions

تحليل العلاقة بين البيئة والتنمية المستدامة مع اشارة خاصة لحالة محافظة اربيل == Analysis of Relationship Between The Environment And Sustainable Development With Spiced Case Study In Erbil Governorate

Author name: ايوب انور حمد سماقةيى
Supervisor name: يحيى غني جاسم النجار
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The relationship between the environment and sustainable development is one of the significant contemporary economic subjects.This thesis aims at showing the relationship between the environment and sustainable development and analyzing it. This thesis points out that relationship between them is very strong and mutual, because the target of the development of the sustainable economy is sustaining the total capital, which includes (human capital, natural capital, social capital and man - mode capital). At the same time, the target of the sustainable environmental development is how to sustain the total capital. Thus, when the economical and environmental policies are more cooperating and united this leads to the real sustainable economy and it has its positive advantages on the environment and economy.Applying the sustainability in Erbil governorate was obstacle with political, ethical, and technology considerations that may be difficult to control, and overcome, which in turn makes it not achievable in a short future term.

الخصخصة بين النظرية والتطبيق في دول مختارة مع اشارة خاصة للعراق == Privatization Between Theor And Practice In Some of Chosen Countries With Reverence To Iraq

Author name: ايناس محمد رشيد المشهداني
Supervisor name: حسن نوري الياسري
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تاثير مهارات المدراء في اداء ادوارهم المعلوماتية : بحث ميداني في مكاتب المفتشين العامين == The Impact of The Managers Skills In The Performance of Their Informatics Roles A Field Research In Iraqi General Director Inspectors

Author name: ايناس محمد احمد البرغوث
Supervisor name: صلاح الدين عواد كريم الكبيسي
Specific topic: Control and Inspection
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: انطلاقا من اهمية امتلاك المدراء لمجموعة متنوعة من المهارات تمكنهم من العمل والاشراف على الاخرين من خلال التاثير على سلوكهم من اجل حثهم على بذل الجهد واستمالتهم للتعاون بقصد تحقيق الاهداف الموضوعة وتاثير ذلك في الاداء الفاعل لادوار المدراء المعلوماتية، سي | Given the importance of having managers for a variety of skills to enable them to work and supervision of others through influence on their behavior in order to encourage them to exert the effort and induce them to cooperate in order to achieve the objectives set and the impact on the efficient performance of the managers Informatics roles, will this research focused on the statement of the ability of managers to self - diagnosis skills Individualistic, Technical, Managerial, Human and Conceptual and extent enable them and method employed in the performance of their Informatics roles at the offices of Inspectors general for best way, The research was based on two assumptions fundamental, The first is based on a significant correlation between the skills of managers and Informatics roles, while the second hypothesis, it presupposes the existence of a significant effect relationship between skills and roles of Informatics roles managers, the researcher touch need urgent for these offices generally and managers especially to recognize that the relationship and influence between skills and Informatics Roles, The offices of the Iraqi Inspector General need today and in the future in the midst of the time of the storm shifts and changes to administrative leaders able to adapt to change or repel storms negative effects, We need to such administrations, which also will be able to mobilize human and material resources, optimize or preserved, The research aims to measure the level and nature of the relationship and influence between the skills of managers and their Informatics Roles from the viewpoint of the research sample (63) people from the Department managers in the office and some Division official working in five offices of the Inspectors general in Iraq of the ministries of (Industry and Minerals for the economic sector, Municipalities and Public Works for the public service sector, Education for the education sector, Environment for the health sector, Electricity for the energy sector), And the researcher adopted descriptive analytical method to describe the research community and test hypotheses and used a number of statistical methods Such as the arithmetic mean of measuring the level of the variables of the research and its dimensions, and the standard deviation to measure the dispersion of absolute and coefficient of variation for measuring dispersion relative, the simple correlation coefficient of Spearman for measuring the level of the relationship between the explanatory variable and variable effector and the simple

صياغة اليات علاقات التنسيق الفاعلة للمتابعة الاستراتيجية بين الامانة العامة لمجلس الوزراء والوزارات العراقية : دراسة حالة == Formulating Mechanisms of Effective Coordination Relations For Strategic Controlling Among The General Secretariat of The Council of Ministers And The Iraqi Ministries

Author name: ايناس مالك هادي الجيزاني
Supervisor name: سعد علي حمود عباس العنزي
Specific topic: Strategic Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اعتمد البحث على متغيرين رئيسين، وهما التنسيق الفعال وبوصفه متغيرا مؤثرا، والمتابعة الاستراتيجية كمتغير متاثر، وتم اختيار دائرة المتابعة والتنسيق الحكومي ومنسقي الوزارات باعتبارهم النواة لبناء علاقات التنسيق الفعال لتحقيق المتابعة الاستراتيجية بين الام | Search adopted tow main variable , these are the active coordination as an influential variable and the strategically follow up as an influenced variable ; it has been choose the follow up department government coordination and coordination ministries as they consider the nucleus to build active coordination relation to achieve the strategically follow up between the general secretariat of the council of ministers and the Iraqi ministries , by field homeliness that done by the researcher the problem of the search have been diagnosed that present in weakness of the development of the active coordination and strategically follow up between the general secretariat of the council of ministers and the Iraqi ministries in their implementation to the government program to the required level , it has been suggest a form to build coordination relation mechanisms for the purpose of follow up strategies , because the presence of barrier that limit the building of active coordination relation to achieve the stratigical follow up that participate in the achievement of the goals that government aim to in their program to reach the required level.So that the search aimed to achieve number of goals like : - studying and analyzing the active coordination relation building mechanisms ; to achieve stratigical follow up between secretariat of the council of ministers and the Iraqi ministries ; working on the development of a form to achieve the stratigical follow up between ministries and minister , to achieve these goals from the practical side the search depend on case study method for the collection of the information and studying an descriptive study , it has been use personal interview questionnaire to study the case as well as the researches and studies that deal with coordination variable and follow up in the theoretical side ,therefore the search has been reach to multiple conclusions such as that the level of coordination between the general secretariat of the council of ministers and the Iraqi ministries range between the acceptable and good ; that leave its effect on the follow up level also ; administration by priorities that transpose the special government program priorities to a certain product consider one of the main methods that help in the active achievement of goals ; upon it has been put a recommendation that could participate in case of their achievement in the improvement of building the active coordination relation to carry out the follow up strategies between the general secretariat of the council of ministers and the Iraqi ministries and working on the development of the active coordination mechanisms between the general secretariat of the council of ministers and all the sites that follow it according to the most modern technique that used worldwide and make it suitable with our institution to investigate the follow up strategies and application of search form on the practical case since there is intimate relationship that link between the active coordination and the follow up strategies that lead to an increase in the performance efficiency reaching the achievement of goals effectively , at the end a proposed drawing model have been introduce to develop the relation between tow variable ( follow up strategies and the active coordination )

تقدير نماذج مختلطة للبيانات المصنفة مع التطبيق العملي == Estimation Mixed Models Using Catacorical Data With Application

Author name: ايناس عبد الحافظ محمد
Supervisor name: خالد ضاري عباس الطائي
Specific topic: Statistics
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يعتمد مفهوم التوزيعات المختلطة ( المركبة) في تطوير نماذج مناسبة للبيانات المصنفة , وقد تم في هذا البحث ايجاد بعض الانماذج الاحتمالية الملائمة لهذه البيانات ومن ثم العمل على تقدير معلمات هذه الانماذج.وبعد تشخيص اوتحديد نوعي التوزيعات وهما (التوزيع المركب | The concept of mixed distributions depends (composite) in the development of appropriate data seed models, has been in this research finding some models appropriate probability of this data and then work to estimate the parameters of this models. After diagnosis Aothdid two types of distributions, namely (compound beta - Bainomal (Beta - distribution Binomial) and the distribution of Ganerlized logarithmic Series distribution (GLSD)) has been working to estimate the parameters of these distributions methods usual such as way as possible (MLE) and the method of moments (Moment) and the method of Chi - square (Chi - squar) and methods of unconventional such as search cuckoo algorithm Hawwarzmih simulated annealing. The theoretical side included the concept of vehicle models and how to configure form by probabilistic normal function and methods different appreciation such as method Maximum Likelihood Function (MLE) and the method of moments (Mom) and a method to minimize Chi - square (Minimum) and methods of artificial intelligence techniques such as search cuckoo algorithm (Cock Search) algorithm simulated annealing (Simuannling) has been presented simulation has been adopted in the comparison between the estimation methods and we had simulated experiments at different volumes of samples( n= 20, 50, 100,250). And repeat each experiment R = 1000 to achieve the goal and were compared using statistical measurements (MSE, AMPE) found that the best method (cuck) which is proposed by the researcher. The researcher numbers Bernamjeh (Matlab, R2005 B) and put all the results in the tables either the practical side and having briefed researcher at data rates of disability and for the period of (2007 - 2010) obtained through the health center for the disabled has been the comparison between Models through criterion (AIC) the standard bayes Information (BIC) and the standard G2) the researcher found that the capabilities of the search cuckoo algorithm is better than during the experimental side, therefore this algorithm applied to real data to complement the tests of good matching, which enabled Khalalhl the researcher presented the practical application of the private tables results. It was found through statistical analysis that in the year (2011) has a lower standard Akaki for the distribution of the compound compared with the distribution chain logarithmic year, which indicates that it has the best modelFrom the conclusions that have been reached by using way (GIBS) in the simulation of mixed distribution and the method of rejection and acceptance (Reject, Accept) for distribution Genaralized logarithim Series is that the capabilities of the specimen landmarks using the best in terms possess the lowest average error boxes in sizes small samples search cuckoo algorithm is medium and large The rest of the roads were estimates varying values. It has been presented the recommendations that emerged from the thesis as well as future research

استخدام التحليل البيزي لنموذج انحدار خطي بسيط باستخدام اسلوب المحاكاة == The Bayes Analysis In The Model Simple Linear Regression Using Simulation

Author name: ايناس عبد الحافظ محمد
Supervisor name: محمد صادق عبد الرزاق الدوري
Specific topic: Statistics
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تبقى عملية التقدير لمعلمات انموذج الانحدار من الموضوعات المهمة على الرغم من كثرة ما كتب عنها من خلال البحوث والدراسات التي تختلف باختلاف الاساليب المتبعة في عملية التقدير سواء كان هذا الاسلوب تقليديا او بيزيا.الغرض من هذه الدراسة هو توظيف معلومات مسبقة | The process of estimating the parameters of regression, is still one of importent Subject despite of large number of papers and studies written in this subject, these studies are differ in techniques followed in the process of estimation if this techniques classic or Bayesian. The purpose of this study to prior information about the parameters was applied which estimated according to Bayesian theory which represented by Gamma distribution with one parameter in the estimating process and for varies simple sizes then making a comparison between estimation techniques represented by (OLS) method and Bayesian techniques by providing the distribution and all techniques which deals with derivatives process to obtain the Bayesian estimation. By using the simulation technique, results has been obtained to provide the researcher the image to clarify the best method in estimation technique

اعادة هندسة عمليات الاعمال : دراسة حالة في مستشفى تعليمي == Reengineering Business Process A Case Study In Teaching Hospital

Author name: ايناس جواد حسين العكايشي
Supervisor name: غانم رزوقي انيس العزاوي
Specific topic: Hospital Management
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان تسارع التغييرات في بيئات الاعمال وحدة درجة المنافسة اوجبت على المنظمات وحفاظا على وجودها اتباع استراتيجيات حديثة, واحدى اهمها هو مبدا اعادة هندسة عمليات الاعمال (BPR) التي تستهدف اعادة تصميم عمليات اعمال المنظمات وكان المجال الصحي من اهمها, حيث انها بح | Because of the highly speed of changes in work’s environments and the strong ness of competitions, obligate organizations to follow new Strategies. One of the most important of them 1s the Business processes reengineering which leads to redesign the processes. Because of the highly importance of the health field which need’s a radical revolution in all it’s aspects. That’s mean complete obliteration, doesn’t automate. This research aims to determine the relation between shape and effect of application of (BPR) program and the most important criteria’s of performance which are (coast, quality, speed, flexibility) in organizations and exactly in hospitals, which are responsible to fulfill customers desires and needs. To reach study objectives a simulate diagram had built to determine the nature of this relationship. In general view this study consist of two aspects : First of them is the theoretical part explain the (definitions, concepts principles, steps, criteria’s, importance, advantages, disadvantages difficulties) of (BPR) and it’s relation with other administrative approaches like total quality management (TQM). While the second part covers the practical aspect of the study. A questionnaire used as a method to collect data, and interviews, moreover field living with The sample consist of 72 one. Differs between them in age, sex, employing years and scientific degrees. Hypothesis were examined through group of statistical method, the result were used by application of prepared program (SPSS 13). Which proofed (the existing relation between BPR application and the criteria’s of performance, which are (coast, quality, speed, and flexibility). Eventually : the study recommended several points. The most important one was adopting (BPR) programs in all health organizations. Also proposed several points suggesting that if will be implicated it would elevate the level of this health organization

استخدام نظرية الرابطة لتحليل دالة البقاء ذات المتغيرين == Using The Copula Theory For Analyzing The Bivariate Survival Function

Author name: ايمان عبد علي داود
Supervisor name: ضوية سلمان حسن الجنابي
Specific topic: Statistics
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تم في هذا البحث استعمال نظرية الرابطة (Copula Theory) في نمذجة دالة البقاء ذات المتغيرين اذ تم استعمال انموذجين يخضعان لتوزيع ويبل ذي المتغيرين وانموذج اخر يخضع للتوزيع الطبيعي ذي المتغيرين القياسي المبتور عند الصفر وبنسبة خلط واعتمادية واحجام عينات مخ | It has been concluded in this research to use the copula theory in modeling the survival function of the bivariate as two models yielding to the bivariate weibull distribution has been used and another model that submit to the bivariate standard normal cut off at zero point and mixing percentage, reliance and sizes of different specimens and a simulation experiment has been carried out for the purpose of making experimental comparison between the evaluations of the survival function mentioned above by using six different copulas in addition to two common models, the first by using the function when assuming independence and the second by using the survival function definition of the bivariate as the use of copulas has been reached which led to acquire an evaluated survival function of the bivariate with properties of more fineness than the two evaluated survival functions of the bivariate which had been acquired by using the two common models referred to above.

انعكاس الذكاءين الروحي والشعوري في القيادة التحويلية لتحسين الاداء المالي : دراسة تحليلية في عدد من المصارف العراقية الاهلية == The Reflection of Spiritual And Emotional Intelligences In Transformational Leadership To Improve Financial Performance Analytical Study In A Number of Iraqi Private Banks

Author name: ايمان عامر حميد الدهان
Supervisor name: انتصار عباس حمادي الدليمي
Specific topic: Business Administration
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • الذكاء الروحي
  • الذكاء الشعوري
  • نمط القيادة التحويلية
  • الاداء المالي Spiritual Intelligence
  • Emotional Intelligence
  • Transformational Leadership
  • Financial Performance
First pages:
Abstract: This study Explored two types of intelligence fond by Howard Gardner in his multiple intelligences theory (1985), The Spiritual Intelligence and the Emotional intelligence with their dimensions As the explanation variables in addition to the Transformational Leadership Style and its four dimensions as the mediator and their effects on the financial performance of the sample banks.The Philosophical and the theoretical framework for this research was based on the core of the interaction relationships between the variables. The research emerged from an intellectual dilemma with two dimensions, the theoretical dimension represented by the rarity of research on spiritual intelligence with emotional intelligence in the Arabic environment and especially the Iraqi environment. In addition to the rarity in research on the relationship between the spiritual and emotional intelligences on transformational leadership and its effect on financial performance of the sample banks, and the need for organizations to enrich their philosophical knowledge and understanding about these concepts and its importance in the practical or empirical life to be an important tools in facing the ever changing environmental challenges.The empirical dimension went to examine the relationship between transformational leadership and the level of financial performance in the sample banks and the relationship between the explanatory variables spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence in improving the financial performance.The aim of the study is tracking what spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence can add to the financial performance Through what the transformational leadership dimensions deliver as a mediator. The study used a descriptive analytical deductive method. The study defined a set of Assumptions as answers for the study s' problem tested by non - parametric statistical tools as : SPSS, Mediator, Scope, False limit factor ,correlation and Multiple Regression. An intentional sample of (116) individuals had been chosen from the managerial leaders in12 private banks in Iraq and The research found a number of important conclusions the most important one was the absence of spiritual and emotional intelligences effects on financial performance at the empirical level of the research , inaddition to the orientation of the banks to the social aspects more than the individual aspects..based on these results a number of recommendations were set ,and the research recommended that the concept of spiritual and emotional intelligence should be enhanced and be given more attention through workshops and conferences in addition to a training program for spreading these concepts and their importance in the success of the individual and organizations

دور وظيفة تخطيط الموارد البشرية في تفعيل بيئة عمل المشجعة على الابداع : بحث ميداني في مركز وزارة التخطيط == The Role of Human Resource Planning Function In Activating The Work Environment Encouraging Innovation A Fild Research At The Center of The Ministry of Planning

Author name: ايمان حسين فضلي
Supervisor name: اسماء طه نوري الشكرجي
Specific topic: General Administration
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تضمن البحث الحالي دور وظيفة تخطيط الموارد البشرية في تفعيل بيئة عمل المشجعة على الابداع, لذا فهو يركز على متغيرين، يتمثل المتغير الرئيسي الاول في وظيفة تخطيط الموارد البشرية وابعاده الستة (النظر في السياق الاوسع، وتحديد اتجاهات العمل المستقبلية، والتعرف ع | The current research addressed the role of the human resources (HR) planning in activating an encouraging work environment of creativity; thus it focused on two variables, the first main variable was represented in HR planning and its six steps (insight in the greater context, defining future work attitudes, identifying the present HR, filling the gap, providing a sound base for effective execution, control and assessment), as to the second dependent variable, it was the work environment encouraging the creativity including five dimensions (encouraging the organizational creativity, supporting work groups, sufficient resources, pressures of work load and organizational obstacles). The research stemmed from two intellectual bases, the first one was represented by the theoretical base including the scarcity of writings addressing the steps and dimensions of these two main important variables for the organization and its future strategic attitudes, The second base was applied represented by the non - application of such research in Iraqi organizations or the researched ministry before. Due to the importance of HR which is regarded as one of the basic resources owned by the organization today in building its sustainable service advantage, it was a duty to be interested in them and prepare all necessary means at work environment so as to sustain, develop and invest them in the best way in order to achieve the higher results expected at work. For the role played by HR planning in activating the work environment that encouraged creativity which is considered as one of the developed styles in administration science on which modern researches depend to increase the employees' performance and improve the service in organizations, the selection of Iraqi work environment came to embrace such modern thoughts as an advanced step towards taking the responsibility towards the work, the decisions made for development and the organizational success in the country all the same. The followed research method was a descriptive analytical method applied to a sample of general managers, their assistants, heads of departments and the in charge persons of research - related sections at the offices of Ministry of Planning center (Minister's office, the administrative and financial office, the legal office, office of planning sectors, office of economic policies, office of human development, office of government investment programs, office of regional development, office of international cooperation and office of governmental contracts), while the number of sample individuals was (101). The questionnaire was the fundamental instrument to collect the data as well as the field visits, personal interviews and some official documents to complete the research requirements. Some statistic means to treat the data including (the mean, percentage and standard deviation) to describe the sample and (the simple linear correlation coefficient - Spearman) to verify the correlation and effect hypotheses. The research arrived at a group of conclusions and recommendations, the most important of which were : the statistic results recorded that all correlations for HR planning and work environment that encouraged creativity were strong and significant. As to effect relations, they were all significant except the insight step in the greater context, which the conclusions proved they were insignificant and had no effect on activating the work environment encouraging creativity, referring that all steps of HR planning influenced the activation of work environment encouraging creativity except this step. The research ended with a group of recommendations, the most prominent of which were : the increase and expansion of interest in applying the methodological steps for HR planning, ascertaining the necessity of being interested in studying and assessing the external environment to stand at change attitudes, what were the factors which will affect the process HR planning, seeking to remove and lessen the organizational obstacles in the way of any attempt to present creative thoughts, and providing the necessary facilities to reach the required resources for achieving the work. Also, the research recommended making sure of the continuity of promoting the ministry the dimensions of work environment encouraging creativity in it.

استعمال الخوارزمية المهجنة انجل في حل نماذج حقيبة الظهر في الشركة العامة للسكك الحديد == Using Hybrid Algorithm Angel To Solving The Models of Knapsack P In The General Company For Railways

Author name: ايمان حسن هادي الزبيدي
Supervisor name: عدنان شمخي جابر
Specific topic: Operations Research
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعد مسالة حقيبة الظهر (Knapsack problem) من مسائل الامثلية المركبة (COP) (مسائل تمتلك كما هائلا من الحلول البديله) ,ولما لها من اهمية من جميع الجوانب فيما يتعلق بخاصية الاستغلال الامثل للعناصر المحمولة بها ,اذ تم في هذا البحث دراسة مسالة حقيبة الظهر من | The problem of Knapsack (Knapsack problem) of the fitness problem composite (COP) (problem possess a tremendous amount of alternative solutions), and because of their importance in all aspects with regard to feature the best use of phones out of the elements, as it has been in this research study the issue of Knapsack in terms of models and methods and their applications to solve their importance and their uses in the broad economic aspects of being a help to maximize returns through optimal choice for portable goods that achieve the highest possible profit. As the issue and Knapsack (KP) belong to the complexity of the problem of the type (NP - - Complete) and does not possess the polynomial time algorithm was used meta heuristic algorithm solution because these algorithms possess speed of implementation and also the ability to access good solutions in a reasonable time, as was the use of hybrid algorithm (ANGEL) consisting of three meta heuristic algorithms to resolve the matter (optimize ant colonies algorithm (ACO) local search procedure (LS) and the genetic algorithm (GA)). The first stage is the use of ant colonies optimization in building a set of solutions and then improves them through local search and then using genetic algorithm considering society resulting from the previous stage is the first community of genetic algorithm. Hybrid algorithm proved (ANGEL) speed and proficiency in access to good solutions when compared with Simulated Annealing algorithm (Simulated Annealing) genetic algorithm (Genetic Algorithm) after solving (10) problems randomly generated test different sizes (50 - 1000) and the average earnings when using hybrid algorithm (ANGEL) (23878.6) while Simulated Annealing algorithm (Simulated Annealing) (1603.257) genetic algorithm (Genetic Algorithm) (15555.64), The average time spent for hybrid algorithm (ANGEL) (726.908) seconds, while the time it takes to both algorithm (Simulated Annealing algorithm and genetic algorithm) respectively is (21953.25) (39432) again, and the results were also compared with a hybrid algorithm of conventional roads branching algorithm and seized (Branch and Bound) in terms of the time it takes to reach an optimal solution, where the average time year hybrid algorithm (ANGEL) (726.908) seconds while branching and selection algorithm (23582.98) again and finally use issue in maximizing the proceeds of public company To Iraqi railways amounted to gross profit (31,193,349).

استخدام التحليل العنقودي في تصنيف القرى المنتجة للمحاصيل الشتوية في العراق للفترة من 2005 - 2014 == The Use of Cluster Analysis To Classify Villages Producing Winter Crops In Iraq For The Period From 2005 - 2014

Author name: ايمان احمد ياسين
Supervisor name: لقاء علي محمد العلوي
Specific topic: Applied Statistics
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يعد القطاع الزراعي من القطاعات الاقتصادية المهمة والتي تسهم وبدور كبير في تحقيق التنمية الاقتصادية والاكتفاء الذاتي في البلدان النامية والمتقدمة على حد سواء. كذلك تسهم في تكوين الناتج المحلي الاجمالي للبلدان النامية. لذا ولاهمية هذا القطاع الحيوي فقد تط | The agricultural sector of the important economic sectors that contribute to the large role in achieving economic development and self - sufficiency in developing and developed countries alike. As well as contribute to the formation of the gross domestic product of developing countries. So to the importance of this vital sector has dealt with the subject of classification producing provinces for wheat and barley crops, This research aims to study the problem of classification producing provinces for wheat and barley crops in Iraq except Kurdistan region for the year 2005 and 2014 and the statement of the most productive agricultural provinces of both crops winter The importance of this the problem is that to study the basic winter field crops in Iraq which are represented by wheat and barley, that occupy a prominent place for food security for both producers and consumers in Iraq I have been using cluster analysis and analysis of variance two way in data analysis and use as well as in the classification of producing provinces for wheat and barley crops based on clusters extracted from analysis and research found a number of results to reach a state of clustering between some provinces according to the homogeneity of winning them according to the average yields dunum of the total area and also depending on the style of the bilateral variation, which helps in the moral values and the test that caused this moral knowledge analysis for the period from 2005 - 2014. The software used is the statistical package SPSS program.

مقارنة بين اختبار (Gold feld Quandt) الحصين مع اختبارات اخرى للكشف عن عدم تجانس التباين بوجود القيم الشاذة == A Comparison of The Test (Gold Feld Quandt) Modified With Other Tests To Detection The Presence of Heterogeneity of Variance of Outliers Values

Author name: ايلاف بهاء علوان
Supervisor name: محمود مهدي حسن البياتي
Specific topic: Statistics
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان مشكلة عدم تجانس التباينات في حالة وجود القيم الشاذة لها جانبان الاول : هو كيفية تعامل الاختبارات مع مشكلة عدم تجانس التباينات في حالة وجود القيم الشاذة بالنسبة لانموذج الانحدار الخطي المتعدد حيث نلاحظ ان الاختبارات الاعتيادية (الكلاسيكية ) تعاني من مشا | The problem heterogeneity in the case of the presence of outlier values has two important sides. The first is how to handle the test, which have the problem of lack of heterogeneity in the case of outlier values for the multivariate linear regression model where we notice that the usual tests (the classical) have the problems in the results, and the results obtained will be inaccurate and misleading. Therefore, these will be unreliable results, so it is necessary to use other tests to substitute the regular tests, they will work in the same way of normal teste in the absence of the problem of heterogeneity and they are called robust tests. These tests are Modified GoldfieldQuant, Modified Bayes, and Modified levene. Different percentages of data were cut which are (10% , 25% , 40%) assuming normal distribution of data. A comparison was made of the mentioned tests by using soft ware power of the test of Monte Carlo Simalation then detect the best test by force standard where Bayes robust was the best test for detecting the problem of heterogeneity in the presence of outlier valuesand gave reliable results. In the second side, Box plot was used for the detection of outlier values in real data. As for the practical side, data from the agriculture and cultivation of planning and follow - up / meteorological center were collected and used in this study on the four variables for the year 2013 - 2014 and the variables are : Raining rate (y).Air pressure (x_1).Temperature rate (x_2).Humidity rate (x_3).

تصميم نظام رياضي ديناميكي لا خطي باستخدام الشبكات العصبية (NARMAX) لاغراض تحليلية وتنبؤية لنشاط المبيعات في شركة كهرباء بغداد == Designing A Non - Linear Mathematical Dynamic System By Using The Neural Network (NARMAX) For Analyzing And Forecasting For The Sales Activity In Baghdad Electricity Company

Author name: ايفان علاء ناظم الشيخلي
Supervisor name: محمد علي الكيلاني
Specific topic: Operations Research
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: استخدمت نماذج الشبكات العصبية الاصطناعية ((Artificial Neural Network Models )) لنمذجة نظام رياضي ديناميكي لا خطي متكامل يعكس الواقع العملي لنشاط المبيعات والذي يتضمن عمليات التحليل والتقييم والتحكم والتنبؤ بالطاقة المستلمة والطاقة المباعة والنقد المستل | The Artificial Neural Network Models has been used to model a perfect non - linear mathematical dynamic system which reflects the practical state of affairs for the sales activity which includes analyzing, appreciationon, controlling and prediction for the received power, sold power and the received cash of money for the sales activity in the Company of Baghdad Electricity Distribution.

برامج التدريب لموظفي مجلس محافظة بغداد : دراسة تقويمية == Training of Programs of Baghdad Provincial Council Employees Evaluation Study

Author name: ايسر مرتضى ناصر نصر الله
Supervisor name: غني دحام تناي الزبيدي
Specific topic: Local Administration
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The purpose of this research is to highlight the level of training programs in the Baghdad Provincial Council and the extent of achievement of the objectives of the updated them and match them with the skills of employees, as well as achieve a number of cognitive and practical goals that highlight the role of training in the development of human resources , and to identify obstacles and problems Encountered in the implement of skills and knowledge gained.The most problem Find the weakness of experience and skills of the employees in Baghdad Provincial Council as a result of not to seek to provide an advanced training programs with the apparent absence of results of the evaluation of those programs as well as the existence of obstacles and problems faced by many.And it adopted the checklist as a tool to collect data and information related to research , as well as the use of the documents and data in the training department and the Committee of delegations, and the chick list had been done based on some readymade standards and by using (Leegrt) pentagon chart) , the sample of the research reached to (51) person from the employee Baghdad Provincial Council, we used the to analyze the data was used statistical program Ready (SPSS) and program (Excel) is the most important statistical tools used in the statistical analysis are : the arithmetic mean , standard deviation , and coefficient of variation.Statistical methods and produced a number of results , notably the weakness to determine the efficiency of the Baghdad Provincial Council of training needs and training aids weakness compared with other search variables.In the framework of the discussion of the results it has been reached to a number of the most important conclusions , the negligence of the Baghdad Provincial Council as well as training in spite of its importance in the development of career staff. Which requires increased attention and allocation of financial and moral support for training programs and attract the same specialization and efficiency in personnel training views

متطلبات الاعتماد الاكاديمي من وجهـة نظر التدريسيين العراقيين المغتربين وتاثيره في تعزيز الاداء الاستراتيجي لمؤسسات التعليم العالي : بحث ميداني == The Requirements of Academic Accreditation From The View Point of Iraqi Expatriates Teaching Staff And Its Effect In Reinforcement The Strategic Performance of Institutions of Higher Education - Field Research

Author name: ايه طالب جميل
Supervisor name: عبد الناصر علك حافظ
Specific topic: General Administration
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ضمن البحث متغيرين, الاول : الاعتماد الاكاديمي كمتغير تفسيري بمتطلباته (متطلبات البيئة التعليمية, متطلبات المدخلات التعليمية, متطلبات العمليات التعليمية, متطلبات المخرجات التعليمية, متطلبات التغذية العكسية), والثاني : الاداء الاستراتيجي كمتغير مستجيب بمحاور | The Research Includes Two Variables : The First One, Academic Accreditation As Explanatory Variable With Its Requirements (The Requirement of The Educational Environment, The Requirements of Educational Inputs, The Requirements of The Educational Processes, The Requirements of The Educational Outputs, The Requirements of The Feedback), And The Second One : Strategic Performance As Responded Variable With Its Axes (The Financial Axis, The Contentment of The Stakeholders Axis, The Internal Processes Axis, The Learning And Developing Axis).The Weakness of The Research Has Been Diagnosed In Implementing The Academic Accreditation And In Achieving The Strategic Performance of The Institutions of Higher Education In Iraq, In The Same Time Many of The Educational Institutions In The Foreign Countries Got The Certificate of The Academic Accreditation And Performed A Distinctive Strategic Performance, For This And In Order To Know The Experiences And The Skills of These Institutions, A Sample For The Research Were Chosen of Iraqi Expatriates Teaching Staff Who Works In The Institutions of The Higher Education In The Foreign Countries.This Research Is Considered One of The Important Researches, Because It Deal With A Contemporary Subjects Which Have A Great Effect In Reaching The Iraqi Institutions of The Higher Education To World Level, Also The Category of The Research, They Are Members of Teaching Staff (The Iraqi Expatriates Teaching Staff ) Who Works In The Institutions of The Higher Education of The Foreign Countries, Who Have A Clear Image For The Requirements of The Developing The Educational, Researchable And Administrative Process.This Current Research Aims To Answer The Questions of The Research Problem, Also Identifying The Research Variables, In Addition To Explaining The Requirements of The (Cipof) Model Whose Requirements Been Chosen As Requirements of The Academic Accreditation, And Explaining The Axes of (The Balanced Scorecard) Model Which It's Axes Been Selected As Axes of Strategic Performance, With Mentioning The Reason of Choosing These Two Models.To Achieve These Aims, The Researcher Used The Analytic Descriptive Method For The Subject And The Problem Is Being Researched, In The Theoretical Side of The Research The Researcher Counted On The Studies And Researches That Is Belong To The Academic Accreditation And The Strategic Performance, On The Scientific Side of The Research The Researcher Used The Resolution, And The Ready Statistical Program (SPSS) Is Been Accredited To Get The Results And Testing The Veracity of The Assumptions Set. At The End Many Conclusions Has Been Reached, And Many Recommendations And Suggestions Been Set Which Can Be Worked In Order To Improve The Work In The Institutions of The Iraqi Higher Education.

دور تدقيق الاداء في تقويم كفاءة وفاعلية الوحدات الاقتصادية العامة == The Roll of Performance Audit In The Evaluation Efficiency And Effectiveness of Public Economic Units

Author name: ايار حامد كاظم الخزرجي
Supervisor name: علي حسين علي الدوغجي
Specific topic: Accounting
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يعيش العالم اليوم واقعا جديدا يمتاز بالديناميكية وسرعة التغيير، وذلك بسبب التغيير الحاصل في جميع المجالات وبالخصوص التكنولوجيا التي مهدت الطريق على استخدام متطلبات جديدة تنسجم مع البيئة الحاضنة لهذا التغيير، من خلال استخدام متطلبات تدقيق الاداء التي ت

المعرفة الضمنية وانعكاسها في عملية الرقابة المالية بحث ميداني في ديوان الرقابة المالية الاتحادي == Tacit Knowledge Reflected In The Financial Control Process A Field Research In The Federal Board of Supreme Audit

Author name: اياد هادي خليل البياتي
Supervisor name: ناظم جواد عبد سلمان الزيدي
Specific topic: Control and Inspection
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يركز موضوع البحث الحالي الى التعرف الى مستوى المعرفة الضمنية في الجهة الرقابية العليا في العراق والمتمثلة بـ(ديوان الرقابة المالية الاتحادي )، وعملية الرقابةالمالية التي يقوم بها الديوان، في ضوء التحديات التي تعيشها المنظمات الرقابية في محاربة الفساد الما

فاعلية سياسة التمويل الزراعي في تحفيز الاستثمار : المبادرة الزراعية في العراق عام 2008 انموذجا == The Effectiveness of Agricultural Financing Policy In Stimulating Investment (In 2008 Model Agricultural Initiative In Iraq)

Author name: اياد كاظم عيدان البولاني
Supervisor name: سعد عبد نجم عبد الله العبدلي
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعد سياسة التمويل الزراعي احد اهم السياسات الزراعية والتي يتم من خلالها تحديد الاجراءات والقواعد الخاصة بالتمويل بعد ان تقوم الحكومة بتوفير رؤوس الاموال اللازمة لتحفيز الاستثمار والنهوض بالقطاع الزراعي وتنميته.نطلقت الدراسة من مشكلة مفادها (( ان عدم التز | The procedures and rules for funding after that the government will provide the necessary capital to stimulate investment and the promotion of the agricultural sector and development, centered research problem through the following (The lack of commitment to agricultural finance some of the bases for the right financing and rules Policy represented by (having hand specialist paint financing policy, the existence of a full credit plan depends accurate statistics for the agricultural sector, setting priorities and realistic targets, provide agricultural finance policy, one of the most important agricultural policies and by which to determine the guarantees...), as well as the lack of compatibility and coordination between them and the economic and agricultural policies It leads to weakening its effectiveness in stimulating agricultural investment and achieve its development goals. that seeks to achieve, has tested the hypothesis that there is a positive relationship between agricultural finance and stimulate investment, but conditional on the availability of rules and conditions for the proper funding the study, the study is aimed at several objectives the most important study of the effectiveness of the financing of the agricultural initiative launched by the Iraqi government, after which the policy in 2008 to stimulate agricultural investment, and that characterized previous funding policies as including not only agricultural loans, but they include the provision of additional funds in the budget to support infrastructure projects to the ministries of agriculture and water resources, and to support activities and projects chock agricultural sector through the Executive Office of the agricultural initiative, the descriptive approach to adopt in the theoretical side, and drop the study on the ground through the analysis and measurement of some economic indicators (local agricultural output, capital formation agricultural hard money, the total area under cultivation, production, productivity and space for crop strategic wheat), and some of the lending and finance indicators, where it was compared to the time that the agricultural initiative worked out a period of study (2008 - 2015) with the previous period of time (1995 - 2007), indicating the impact of disbursements on the agricultural sector on the economic indicators mentioned above. the researcher found to a number of the most important conclusions lack the initiative to plan credit when marque shares and clearly in the disparity in the size of loans and the number of beneficiaries from one province to another and from one year to another, and the funding of the initiative is directly dependent on the general budget, which is completely dependent on oil revenues affected and directly on the annual allocations which saw fluctuation and lower after falling oil prices after 2014, as the initiative has seen weakness in the follow - up and monitoring of loans and coincided with a deterioration of the security situation in some provinces, the study made several recommendations, the most important limitation of agricultural finance policy agricultural cooperative bank after the restructuring, and to link lending to savings, and the trend towards targeted loans that serve the agricultural sector, and activating the monitoring and follow - up of loans granted to a system that granted exclusively for those working in the agricultural sector who own agricultural land after confirmation of their qualifications, including their merit and credit reputations of literary and historical

مشكلة المديونية الخارجية لبلدان عربية مختارة مع اشارة خاصة للعراق للمدة (1985 - 2004) == Problem of External Indebtedness For A Selected Arab Countries With A Reference To Iraq Period 1985 - 2004

Author name: اياد كاظم حسون
Supervisor name: هناء عبد الحسين محيميد الطائي
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: It is well known that the subject - matter of external indebtedness has been representing a huge problem for most of Arab countries, including oil producing ones, save Arab gulf Countries.amongst the countries studied here we will focus on Egypt and Algeria who both have experienced unfavourable circumstances and went too far in borrowing to have the highest rank in the list of the indebted Arab countries. And they both still suffer the growing consequences of the problem. As for Iraq, although its indebtedness reached high levels, It is still considered new.The research goes from hypothesis which implies that there are interior and external factors that made the problem grow, tremendously. And these factors are having great influence over some macroeconomic variables in the countries indebted, which resulted in a disability of repayment and a status of having no options to refuse the severe terms of rescheduling.To verify the correctness of the hypothesis the study is trying to 1 - Analyzes the size of the developing countries external debts and to compare it to the external debt of the Arab countries for the period 1985 - 2004.2 - Using path analysis model to measure and analyzes the relationship between the growing burdens of exterior indebtedness and some economic variables3 - To explain the mechanisms that are used to reduce the severity of the problem in the countries studied including Iraq.The study included three major chapters that form the framework and the subjective context for the research requirements.the first chapter was dedicated to the conceptual aspect of the external indebtedness, while the second one devoted to analyze the evolution of the developing and Arab countries indebtedness.The third chapter dedicated to use path analysis style to measure the influence of the problem over some economic variables.Eventually, the study reached at some conclusions.the most important of which con be put as the following, the indebted countries are lacking, A clear strategy to handle their debts. In another word, borrowing is not a sin if the money borrowed are to be directed to productive sectors that may contribute to repayment.as for recommendations, the thesis stresses on the indebted states to constitute an independent institutions assigned To manage loan efficiently.such institutions must be in charge of every thing relates to rescheduling, repayments and to relieve the burden of the problem
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