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المراة في ادب ميسلون هادي الروائي : دراسة في الانساق الثقافية

اسم المؤلف: حميد عبيد جبار العسكري
اسم المشرف: فوزية لعيوش غازي الجابري
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The world of novelist Michelle Hadi is crowded with women, and this remarkable presence of woman is a phenomenon that has imposed itself on the literary scene. It was the reason for the study to follow the writer's novelist output, to examine the images of woman in it and to show her suffering, concerns and conflict. The study examines women's literature in the literature of women's conflict with the continent's cultural patterns for the purpose of self - affirmation and the realization of women's identity. In Cultural Patterns, the study sought to trace the novels of the writer from the first novel (The fatal mistake, 1/1/1992 to the last novel by Jano Ant Hakayti, I, 2017). The study adopted the method of cultural analysis. Cultural analysis focuses on understanding the literary textwithin its historical context, not as a historical document but rather as an aesthetic and formative structure. It follows the narrative phenomena and returns them to the components With the use of interpretive on the embedded patterns and their connection to the cultural product. The study came in three chapters preceded by an introduction and a preface entitled (Woman is a topic in the Iraqi women's novel), which touched on a series of novels that dealt with the status of woman as champions and studied issues related to woman. The first topic is a conflict with masculinity, which is divided into two axes : First, undermining woman and addressing two issues : marginalization of woman and defamation of woman. The second section deals with the conflict of self, the internal struggle of woman (psychological), while the third topic deals with the conflict with cultural references, customs and traditions. The second chapter deals with (the types of dominance of woman in the narrative text ) and this presence represented images produced by the texts studied The study focused on three images and found them are the most prominent among the rest of the images, making three of them dealt with the first section of educated woman and movement in the community, which was limited to the view that the body without a mind, and studied the multiple images of educated women to show the error of male culture in this aspect, And me The second topic is the mother woman and her role in the family. The mother's image emerged in a number of novels after the division of the subject into the real mother and the alternative mother. In the third chapter, entitled Women and Critical Issues, the chapter tackled the relationship of women to fateful issues (war, religion, homeland), in which three subjects studied woman and war; The third topic deals with the woman's relationship to the place where she lives, and the subject will be long at the narrative place represented by the country. The study concluded with the most thank my mentor Dr. Fawzia Laius Ghazi Al - Jabri for her acceptance of the supervision of my letter, and for her sincere and honest effort. I was overwhelmed by her knowledge and thanks. She presented me with the summary of her experience in the criticism of the novel through her valuable monetary observations. If it were not for this work, she has all the thanks and gratitude

الرسائل الشعرية عند احمد شوقي : دراسة موضوعية فنية == The poetic Messages of Ahmed Shawqi A technical - Subjective Study

اسم المؤلف: فردوس نعيم عبد الحسين الظالمي
اسم المشرف: وليد شاكر نعاس الرفاعي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The research is specialized to study the poetic messages of Ahmed Shawqi by analyzing and artistic - subjective study. The main aim is to consider the value of these messages and their qualities in reference to the rest of his poetry as well as to determine the rate of innovation and creativity of their purposes, recipients and the level of reflection to Shawqi’s time and environment where he lived and transferred throughout various locations that had a great influence upon his messages. Accordingly, each stage had its own special messages to express the fact of these messages. The study is built on an introduction to review previous studies to be followed by a prelude including the general meaning of the message as well as the particular meaning of that poetic message together with the concepts of symbol, date of issue, motivation, criterion, condition and types. The subjective study is to be followed into two chapters. The first is the messages of the social occasion and Brotherhood to be presented into three parts i.e. the messages of Condolence and lamentation, the messages of Congratulations and finally the less common messages of Home Nostalgia, caresses, apology and thanks.In reference to the second chapter, it is worth to mention that the idea of classicality and creativity is highly investigated into three parts i.e. the messages of wisdom performed by animals, the messages of wisdom that intertwined between the poem and the independent wisdom, and finally the messages of social affairs. The third chapter includes studying of artistic image such as analog, patronymic and symbolic.The poetic language has been investigated in chapter four which consists of two parts; the first deals with articulation whilst the second deals with syntheses.Finally, it is to demonstrate the main achieved results to be followed by references and bibliographies

التوجيه الصوتي للقراءات القرانية عند السمين ت 756 هـ في كتابه عمدة الحفاظ في تفسير اشرف الالفاظ

اسم المؤلف: احمد هادي جاسم
اسم المشرف: احمد حسين عبد السادة
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Quranic readings are considered to be one of the most important sciences due to the fact that the sciences have so many subjects and distinguished by its researches and issues. The subjects of Quranic readings are from Quran and the ways of its performance .Al - Sameen Al - Halabi was a famous figure in the linguistic and interpretation heritage. He is one of our scientists, who left a great heritage to be benefited by the scholars after his death. He was a linguist, interpreter, and prominent grammarian due to his two great books that are considered to be his most famous ones.The researcher’s thesis is (Sounds Directions of the Quranic Readings in Al - Sameen Al - Halabi's The Basis of Conservation in Interpreting the most honourable Words) . It is chosen by the researcher for some reasons : Joining between Quranic readings and Al - Sameen Al - Halabi, the researcher claims that those who have written about Al - Halabi did not cover the search about morphological direction and when reading the book, he or she will feel that Halabi is a great linguist in Arabic language and has a deep sight.The paper has three chapters preceded by brief preface followed by brief conclusion. The preface has Halabi’s perspective ofBQuranic readings and his methodology in directing it. Chapter one includes replacement in vowels and voiceless sounds. This chapter also includes two parts : the first one is replacement in vowel sounds and joins the replacement of the sound (al - dhad to al - sad and vice versa), the sound ( al - ghain to al - ain), the sound (al - qaf to al - fah), the sound (al - bah to al - tah), the sound (al - sad to al - seen), (al - bah to al - thah), the sound (al - hah to al - jeem), and the sound (al - thal to al - dal). The second is the vowel sounds which joins replacement (al - fatha to al - kasera),(al - dham to al - fatha), (al - kasera to al - dham), (al - dham to al - fatha), (al - fatha to al - kasera) and (al - fatha to al - dham). Chapter two is about weighting and mitigation. It also includes two parts : the first one is weighting and joining it to vowel and voiceless vowels and the second is mitigation and joining it to vowel and voiceless sounds. Chapter three is about al - hamza and its facilities. Also, it has two parts : the first one is achieving al - hamza, obligatory, optional hamza and exceptional hamza and the second tackles facilitating al - hamza and facilitating al - hamza by deleting. The paper ends with a conclusion that sums up the findings.The researcher has faced some difficulties such as difficulty in phonological direction sometimes, not all Halabi’s readings are directed phonologically that is why the researcher

المركز والهامش في الرواية النسوية العراقية 2003 - 2010 == Center and margin in the Iraqi feminist novel 2003 - 2010

اسم المؤلف: ابتهال كاظم احمد الطائي
اسم المشرف: فوزية لعيوش غازي الجابري
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2019
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:

العلاقات العثمانية - النمساوية 1526 - 1606 : دراسة تاريخية == Ottoman - Austrian Relations 1526 - 1606 Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: باسم كسار كظم وادي البركات
اسم المشرف: متعب خلف جابر الريشاوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study examined the relations of the Ottoman - Austrian from 1526 to 1606 and is an important period at the level of relations between the two countries, Ottoman Empire took a period of time suited to its geographic area, which was virtually the largest and longest in the history of nations and empires, reaching an area, which is at its highest power and expansion, over fourteen million square kilometer. It was brought to the attention of the world politically and religiously, when the sixteenth century witnessed a lot of events and developments, it was pivotal century, as witnessed very large shifts and adjustments at all levels and known as a century of military confrontations between the various parties, including the conflict and wars between the Ottoman Empire and Austria, which was part of the war relations between East and West, it was no doubt a century of huge transformations in political systems and direct contacts and missions between the limbs across the Mediterranean Sea and it was also a century of situational alliances and urgent benefits, therefore it was impossible to separate politics from religion, and in particular, what related to file conflict between the Ottoman Empire and the European powers, it was the Renaissance and the Reformation, and the geographical explorations and colonies spread all over the world. The reason for choosing the topic of Ottoman - Austrian relations from 1526 to1606, was Austria's significant role in standing in front of the largest empire in the world to reach to the heart of Europe and controlled it, so Austria stood bulwark in facing Ottoman policy and its progress towards the West, as well as the fact that that period was important for the age of the Ottoman Empire in particular and history in general when it lived in its strengths. To cover these events and developments between the Ottoman Empire and the Austrian this study is divided into the introduction ,four chapters ,a conclusion and summary in English, and the first chapter discusses the relations of the Ottoman - Austrian for the period 1526 - 1566 AD period of the reign of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, and this period represents summit relations in the military side between the two countries and Hungary and controlling it, was the main conflict in the battle of Mohacs in 1526 AD and followed by crawling toward the capital of Austria and siege in 1529 AD, this conflict between the two countries over Hungary coincided with the movement of religious reform that appeared in Europe, which weakened the Europeans to stand in front of the Ottomans and prepare for the opportunity to Ottoman to control many areas of European, but that, this period was not devoid of diplomacy between the two countries, which culminated in establishing several treaties during this period.The first was in 1533, and the Safavid threatened to the Ottomans Eastern Front had the impact in signing the peace treaty between the Ottomans and Austria, That treaty did not put an end to the hostilities attacks between the two sides, and raids on Hungary continued, and ended with the second Treaty in 1547. In spite of holding the treaty but hostilities continued on the border between the two countries till the death of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent in 1566, and the second chapter represents the Ottoman - Austrian relations for the period 1566 to 1578 AD which was culminated in the reconciliation Treaty between the Ottoman Empire and Austria in 1568, and the Ottoman Emirate campaign on Astrakhan, which was under the Russian control during the reign of Ivan IV, but the campaign failed without controlling the Emirate, while an important event appeared during this period between the East and the West, it was the Crusader alliance, which was formed by Pope Pius V and Habsburg Empire and Venice, according to the Ottoman attack and occupation of Cyprus in 1570, culminated in the NATO victory EU on the Ottomans at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571, which was the most famous war for the defeat of the Ottomans during the sixteenth century, as Chapter III confirmed Ottoman - Alhabsburgah relations (1578 - 1593) AD, which includes Ottoman - English convergence who appeared during this period, because of its impact on the Habsburg joint collaboration between the Ottomans and England in the hit Habsburg Catholics through military support to the Protestants who formed the strength to stand in front of the emperors of Habsburg in all regions of the Romania holy empire, as focused on the axis of an important issue during this period that had occupied the throne of the Polish European circles during the second half of the sixteenth century, and entered into the competition between Austria, Ottomans and Russia. The fourth chapter has dealt with the Ottoman - Alhabsburgah long war in the Balkans (1593 - 1606) AD. In which Europeans showed two important aspects. The first was the principle of the alliance between Aldanobia Emirates and their alliance with the Emperor of Austria, and the second is the development of the military side of the Europeans, which enabled them to the rhythm of several military defeats the Ottomans, at a time when the Ottoman Empire lived in turmoil and chaos as a result of internal rebellions taking place in some regions and Affiliates, in addition to the Safavid threat which began to threaten the eastern front. The result of this has made Ottoman Empire occur in war on two fronts. So it was eventually forced to sign the treaty peace between the Ottoman Empire and Austria and it was named Stafatourk peace in 1606 AD, which showed through its provisions the weakness that appeared on the Ottoman Empire during the early seventeenth century through the provision of dangerous concessions at various levels, made it represents the beginning of the collapse of the Ottoman stature and strength in Europe. At the end of the research we reach the conclusion that the Ottoman Empire at the end of the sixteenth century began vulnerable than it was in the beginning of the century after it reached the maximum of its glory and greatness, while Austria began to develop its military operations as a result of the development in its military capabilities, so that enabled it to repel many Ottoman attacks and made them give big losses. In the end we can say that the beginning of the seventeenth century saw the emergence of many great empires, including the empire of Austria, which became comparable to the Ottoman Empire in all parts of the world
الملخص:
المصادر:

صناعة الغوص : الغوص وراء اللؤلؤ في الساحل العماني (1820 - 1929) : دراسة تاريخية == The Industry Of Diving : Diving For The Sake Of Pearls In The Omani Shore ( 1820 - 1929) A Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: محمد حموز لفتة الحجيمي
اسم المشرف: حسين كامل جابر الشاهر
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Many researchers and historians have studied the history of the Arab Gulf in general and the history of the Omani Shore ( The United Arab Emirates ) in special , but they in their study concentrate on the political aspects especially in recent times because of the appearance of oil and the area has entered a new stage with the European compete , Many of these political and social aspects need further study and inspection especially in the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century especially if they are studied each alone. This was the motivation to choose this subject. The industry of diving ( Diving for the sake of Pearls in the Omani Shore 1820 - 1929 ) , in this stage , many economical and political changes had taken place in this part of the Arab Gulf , The Emirates of the Omani Shore. The study has specified the period of ( 1820 - 1929 ) because the first date represented the agreement between Britain and the Emirates of the Omani Shore and its arrangements as the observance of quietness and stableness , also Britain had imposed its control on the economical activity of Arabs which is represented by trade because it tied the movement of their trade fleets by inspection once and by observance second , also Arabs were prevented from building big trade ships. As a result , people of the Omani Shore had to depend on another economical activities for the sake of living , so they turns to diving for the sake of pearls because it is the most important economical activity after trade. This thesis contained an introduction , a preface of the subject , four chapters and a conclusion. In the preface , the researcher has explained the importance of pearls in the economy of the Arab Gulf in general and showed its role in directing the European forces to control it because of its great role in the economy of the people of the Arab Gulf reaching the beginning of period of the research. The first chapter had studied the basic elements of diving for the sake of pearls , the researcher studied the natural , social and economical elements and showed its role in diving because of its clear effect on the activity of people. Also the researcher studied the industry of ships and their kinds because of their relation with the process of diving , in addition to the labors because they are the vital role in the industry of diving in addition to the industry of diving tools because they are the main way to achieve the work. The second chapter studied the process of taking pearls out in the Omani Shore. In it , the researcher studied the organizing and using pearls submarines and the other preparations for diving in addition to the financing of the diving voyage because it depends on the borrowed capital and specifying the diving seasons because of the period of time in which the sailors move to the submarines also the risks which face the divers and the dividing of the interests on the staff of the diving ship and the social effects of diving because it represents a conflict between Man and the environment around him. The third chapter studied the trade of pearls. The researcher discussed the development of the trade in the Arab Gulf and its reflects on the Omani Shore , also the markets of pearls were discussed because they are the last stage to achieve the work of the sailors to get benefits. The researcher talked about the merchants who are working in pearls trade whether Arabs or foreigners and their role and abilities in trade were clarified. The effect of trade on the social life also the researcher tried to give a clear picture of the economical value of pearls and their effect on the economical side. The fourth chapter discussed the political issues concerning the pearls submarines and their effects on the social and economical life. The tribal conflicts were discussed especially the conflict between Bany Yas and Al - Quasim which had a clear effect on the economical life , in addition to the escape of divers and clarifying its effect in making troubles among the Emirates. Also the political international issues concerning the pearls and the opinion of Britain of them because it is responsible of the security of the Emirates of the Omani Shore by holding the agreements and Al - Mania was the most important one , in addition to the depression of pearls trade explaining the most important reasons of it. The study had showed that the people of the Omani Shore who are working in diving for the sake of pearls were characterized with patience , courage and facing difficulties , and the diving system depends on indebtedness. This thing made merchants exploit divers by lending them money with a great interest which they couldn’t pay in the season of diving. Also this study had showed the importance of the location of the Omani Shore because it made its harbors as markets and trade centers and the ships came to it from different places. The European travelers had showed during their visits for these harbors the trading importance and this was a reason to attract the attention of the European forces. The rulers of the Omani Shore had depended during their reign on their personalities and fortunes whom they got from taxes imposed on the divers , sailors and diving ships in addition to financing the diving voyage. They had a great role in developing their Emirates and strengthen the economical activity throughout the trading prerogative and because of this fact , Dubai had appeared as the biggest trading harbor on the shore after the weakness of Al - Shariqa harbor and the disappearance of Lanja harbor. This study had showed also the foreign merchants had controlled the local markets especially the Indian and Persian merchants as they were controlling the prices of the pearls and the Sheiks did nothing to prevent them. On the contrary , they had gained prerogatives from those Sheiks and this was the reason why they directly controlled the economy of the shore and this leads to the deprivation of many of the people from working. Because of the importance of diving for the sake of pearls and its effects on the economy of the Omani Shore , people agreed to stop the military operations for four months during the big season of diving.
الملخص:

امير اسد الله علم ودوره السياسي في ايران 1962 - 1977 : دراسة تاريخية == Amir Asadullah Alam And His Political Role In Iran, 1962 - 1977 )Historical Study)

اسم المؤلف: فهد سوادي فهد الزيادي
اسم المشرف: نعيم جاسم محمد
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Amir Asadullah Alam is considered an important modern Iranian political figure. He was different from his contemporary politicians by his close and special relationship with Shah Mohammad Riza Behlavi who trusted him with his various secrets and made himenjoy advantages unattainable by others on account of the background in which he lived and his family's intimacy with Shah Mohammad Riza Behlavi's family.Amir Asadullah took up many ministries and administrative posts since 1944 when he held the position of Minister of Agriculture in Mohammad Saeed Muragheh's cabinet. When the cabinet resigned, he worked as an inspector at the Ministry of Interior and thus he was changing government posts until 1957 when he was entrusted by the Shah to form a new political part named Murdam i.e. People party to constitute a line of formal opposition to the Shah's regime and lend a democratic character to his rule and politics. Accordingly, Amir Asadullah worked on forming and organizing such party and presided it till 1962. On July 19th 1962, Amir Asadullah Alam was entrusted with forming a cabinet replacing Amini's. His cabinet continued working till March 7th 1964. During that period, Iran witnessed political and economic developments as a result of applying the articles of economic reforms (White Revolution) and the political developments accompanying them are represented by the rejection and violence wave for those reforms by a big section of the Iranian people, especially clergymen.After the resigning of Amir Asadullah Alam's cabinet on March 7th 1964, he was ordered by Shah Mohammad Riza Behlavi to hold the post as a chancellor of Behlavi University in Shiraz. He was the chancellor of the university till his resign in 1977 because of his having cancer. He died in 1978. When he was holding the Ministry of Royal Court, he had significant attitudes towards local and foreign policies at that time
الملخص:
المصادر:

وزارة التربية العراقية : دراسة في تطور الهيكل الاداري والتنظيمي 1968 - 1979 == Iraqi Ministry Of Education Study In The Development Of Administrative And Organizing From Work 1968 - 1979

اسم المؤلف: عدنان عبد الحسين حمد الحسيني
اسم المشرف: نعيم جاسم محمد
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: After changing of the political system of Iraq in the 17th of July,1968 they tried to return back forming the educational aims for the administrative and educational organization in Iraq and one of most prominent aim is forming aboard for educational planning in 1969 and constructing educational committees for studying the reality of education in different stages, and with the help of other ministries. The government contributed by holding study cycles for treating problems which encounter the administrative organization. One of the cycles is the study that ensured on putting plan for generalizing primary education 1971. In the shed of that importance, the ministry of education considers one of the miseries and government institutes that has different takes and responsibilities which are educational and administrative. It contributed in solving many problems. The Education Ministry wanted to supply the administrative staffs with efficient employees which made them use many scientific person to raise the level of the administrative staffs by opening sessions yearly in administration accounts, storehouse. The ministry started early in developing the administrative staff through studies that aim to create the good way for solving problems that encounter administration. help connection and also scientific help with other Arab and foreign countries and international educated organization and introducing finance for these countries and supplying them with teachers to fill the defeat in their numbers, Also the ministry contributed in changing the study curricula and increasing the agricultural exchanging between the countries. The administrative side made affect in supporting the Iraqi economy through efforts that the ministry introduced them disposing of un education through overall international campaigns which made facilities for finding professional experiences for raising the productive and economic level for Iraqi workers. educated administration through the strong connection with the political side and putting laws and organizations and decisions that contributed in disposing of doubly in the school through constructing many school in the city centers and countryside and disposing of the problems of decreasing in preparation of teachers the ministry supplied many Arab countries with Iraqi efficient teachers and dealing with the problems of teaching in the countryside, The ministry prepared the plans and programs during 1968 - 1979 to achieve the required scientific level. In the administration , the ministry did many changes in administration and curriculum through making rules and decisions according to philosophy of new system. One of these rules the law of education ministry number (124)in 1971 and the system of ministry number (13) in 1972 which limited the administrative hierarchy for the ministry and it contributed in finding new departments are different in their work of what was in the previous system.
الملخص:
المصادر:

قبائل البختيارية ودورها السياسي في ايران (1896 - 1918) : دراسة تاريخية == Bakhtiari Tribes And Political Role In Iran (1896 - 1918) Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: عبد الله كريم كاظم الموسوي
اسم المشرف: حسين كامل جابر الشاهر
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Bakhtiari tribe of Iran's major tribes, which are endemic in the southwestern part of Iran, which is ruled by a group of tribal khans, and in spite of the multiplicity of theories about their origins, but they are indigenous Iranian descent back to the ancient Sasanian assets.This tribe has been characterized by a social and political distinguishes itself from the rest of the Iranian tribes, the tribe divided on two main branches (Haft Link) and (Chahar Link). There are many opinions about the reasons for this division and the reason for naming each section, but the nearest of these views to the truth is the opinion which explains why the division on the basis of the division of dues tax on each after the approval of the tax system in the Safavid period, so these terms are terms Dhara?baan survival of Safavid.Even after the Safavid and Alafshari and ulnar there are no unified leadership of the Bouktiarien were all from (Alhvt Link) and (Aljhar Link) and even denominations Bakhtiari sporadic Other all her leadership and leadership autonomous from the other, has been senior leaders Alboukttiar cheerleaders title (AQA) or (Beck) or (blades Sefid) white beard or (Amir) the use of the title (Khan) does not seem clear in the tribe Bakhtiari, it does not support the sources and historical documents and having the title of Khan at the Bakhtiari until the beginning of the ulnar, and it seems that the use of this title began during the rule of State ulnar and beyond.In the second half of the nineteenth century succeeded Alboukttiar in uniting the tribe and the creation of a united political system within the tribe Bakhtiari knew (the system Alaala) when it enables Hussein fried Khan from extending its authority and influence on all denominations Alboukttiar in practice and on the impact of this order was issued by Royal by Nasir al - Din Shah in 1867 his appointment and recognition (Aakhani) Per Alboukttiar and officially inaugurated by the central government, and from a political standpoint, the Alaakhan authority as commander in chief of Bakhtiar had begun with the reign of Hussein Khan fried. Under this new system has become the central reference Bakhtiar managed by an administrative body within the self of the men of the tribe. This can be considered the beginning of crystallization Testament system of social and political official Bakhtiari tribes.After the arrival of Hussein frying Khan to power in the ruling tribe Bakhtiari and Neil title Alaakhan in an official capacity of the government, he got to his brothers on the positions of government since he became his brother in front of frying Khan Aellbeca tribe Bakhtiari any assistant Aakhani and his brother, the second satisfaction frying Khan, governor of Chahar Mahal, and the government continued these brothers strong and united in the life of frying Hussain Khan.In 1883 the killing of Hussein frying Khan at the hands under the Sultan and the order of Nasir al - Din Shah, subsequently lived tribes Bakhtiari more internal conflicts about power and the sharing of property, especially that these brothers three excelled in abundance sons, there are now a number of personalities Bakhtiari eligible for leadership. Fastglet these conflicts by the royal court, which was seeking to fold the rising power of the tribes feared the risk of threat to the central government, Accordingly, the split of the ruling family Bakhtiari into three wings, wing family Alaakhan slain (Hussein frying Khan) became known pavilion Alaakhani, Suite family Alaakhan new (before frying Khan), where he went to the pilgrimage became known as a stand - Haj Aakhani, Suite family Alaellbec new (satisfaction frying Khan) became known to always stand Alaellbec.It was the geographical location of the tribes of the Bakhtiari in the middle of the south Iranian great importance as it brought her this site the attention of the major powers, especially Britain Her great influence in southern Iran, especially after obtaining the large concessions in the region, including the establishment by trade caravans that connects Ahvaz, Isfahan across the land Bakhtiari , which is an extension of the privilege of freedom of navigation on the River Karun, who got it from Britain, the Iranian government in 1888, as well as oil exploration concession obtained by Darcy in 1901, Has led for the UK on these privileges and the discovery of oil in Masjed Soleyman in 1908 to establish formal relations between Britain and Albouktiarien lasted until the late Prince Qajarite, was the conclusion of several economic agreements between the two sides, starting from the Convention on the caravan route business in 1898, which was held between the company (Brotherhood Laing) and the Bakhtiari Khans, The paved this agreement the way to get in contact and convergence between the two parties, which were not his precedent before, and despite the signing of this agreement was acause to strengthen convergence and relationships but still unofficial, that those relationships took shape official after the signing of the oil agreement between the two parties in 1905, since then has become an official full.Has helped these agreements Alboukttiar to achieve the wealth of great economic and political center influential, led them later to participate in national events, especially events of the Constitutional Movement and the consequent later events, although the tribe Bakhtiari was governed mainly by boxes known are mainly Bserthm authoritarian, but they sided with the constitutional and initiated into the uprising and turned to Tehran to participate in the control and dropping Mohammad Ali Shah, Hence the establishment of constitutional government on the ruins of the Shah's government authoritarian, and was doing this they had moved them from being the strength of local influential in their tribal and around the neighborhood that become a central force at the national level, have their primary role at the level of administration of the country and its government, which come before them a lot of opportunities to improve the economic and political fields.The total Alboukttiar of power and political influence so that they became governors of several states Iran's major and assumed several ministries, because since the formation of the first constitutional government took Sardar Asad as interior minister and defense minister, also arrived brother Smassam Sultanate to become prime minister (1911 - 1913).During this period carried Alboukttiar by virtue of their opposition to the political life of many of the tasks of national, because they had the greatest role in responding to the movement of Muhammad Ali antimatter in the attempt to restore the throne in 1911 and, as well as their role in eliminating the insurgency Salar state and gouge Chavth in 1913.When World War broke out the first (1914 - 1918) and the arrival of fire into Iranian territory, varied positions Khans Bakhtiari and was overwhelmed by a lot of ambiguity and duplication over the powers warring, Valkhanat young men who had the desire to achieve political ambitions and wide and stood to the side of Germany and its allies, while stopping Khans adults by virtue of their relationship with Britain to the old side of the Allies.It is worth mentioning that the center of political and power that possessed Alboukttiar after their participation in the constitutionalmovement continued until after the years of World War I until the arrival of Reza Shah to power, as it strengthened the central authority in his reign and follow the policy of weakening the clans and the reduction of the threat to the central government.
الملخص:
المصادر:

الطبيعة في شعر مكفوفي العصر العباسي == The Nature In The Poetry Of Blind Poets Of Al Abbassi Era

اسم المؤلف: وسن حسين غيث الظالمي
اسم المشرف: عامر صلال الحسناوي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: After a long journey, joyful and fun with blind people in the world of nature we looking forward now to see the results of this trip and we review the most important thing we came up with : The psychological factor has played an important role and essential in the orientation of the blind toward nature in which he found a safe haven, to escape from the community was a hostile environment for him. Multiple cognitive and cultural resources for poet blind, provided him confounded cognitively culturally Thera, had the largest share of this stockpiling return to the product of poets sighted; since found a blind wellspring Bmaanyh and his words that cemented in his mind and filled the depths of his soul, he took draws, including wills him meanings and images of nature, and which appeared excellence where Bashar and Maari, as he leaned on the language inherited by coming in in language daily - the first sources of culture blind cognitive - represented by parables, and he has brought the blind signals Koran which carried descriptions of nature, and who help him in drawing pictures descriptive, as well as tributary ideals and goes, and tributary to read and see, and found the researcher's role Zip historical and legendary in the poetry of nature; since summoned the poet blind symbols of personalities historical, and legends belong to nature, and had Me'ri a distinct presence in calling these symbols; indicating the depth of the culture, and intellectual maturity. Entered the nature formative element in the formation of the poetic image when the blind poet, and stirred his imagination and Ncttha, and expanded its horizons, and become rich Balchbhet drawn pictures and images which reflect the different fertile imagination. Description of nature, like the blind poet of poets sighted, and in the collection and described between tradition and innovation, and came a picture of nature is often mixed with the rest of the purposes of poetry, and rarely came in the form of separate pieces. Occupied the descriptions of the camel and horse center stage in systems poets blind departing from the benefits of those animals Fmdoa statement descriptions, forms, and colors - for Khil - , while the rest of the animals was calling the poet blind her for the purposes of spinning or praise or lamentation or spelling - including awarded the horizon simulator or prepared him, including his expressive many of the tributaries - and not for the description itself only rarely. More poets blind from the description of the bird in the animated nature, focusing primarily base on their voices and a private bathroom, which interpreted his voice according to the psyche, it was happy two thousand in his voice twitter and vocals, and was sad like his voice has a scar and crying, while such Algrab - code Banshee - in most images guide fences and separation. Most of the descriptions of the plant came overlapping with other purposes poetic when poets are blind, and Mbthoth within them, and rarely pure Maogdna description of the plant, which was of the tribe of Ben Altaaoive where the largest share outstanding on the rest of his companions in this area. Suffered the blind poet of the length of the night to move around a fixed Vleilh With regard to the lexicon industrial nature, has described the poet blind ships relying on a picture ship descriptions of camels and horses, aided in completing his portrait of poetry this much of the descriptions of the desert, and the poet in all of this compares between his ship and the camel, and how she does not feel defrauding a sailing the river, and had superiority to Bashar and dad Hes in this area, have also been blind to describe the depths of the buildings as well as exposure to mention dilapidated homes, fully demonstrating the superiority of the blind poet blind in this area because it excelled in the accuracy of the description. In the field of industrial tools Hafez arms in the Abbasid era to the status they had since the pre - Islamic era, received the sword replaced the lead of offensive weapons in the abundance of material noodles contained when the blind, has mastered in accurately described as male parts, and its industry, and its qualities, and its impact on resolving the bout, and replaced swords and Indian Mishrefeh replace a head start and progress on the other, followed by a spear, shield, which then accounted for Maari as among his peers, while not share and bow attend impressively between several blind war. I have to stop the blind poet to describe tools lighting of candles and lanterns taking of forms and qualities to express what it feels are suggestive art. Pervaded the poetry of the blind as winery Fathdthoa for undimmed and serenity pictures of visual spectacular grabbing the receiver to the beauty of the formulation and the magnificence of their descriptions, Vngnoa paid to the concerns, Margen on the color and characteristics, as well as the value of psychological Altnafisah, and was distinguished for Bashar in the field description winery and tools drinking. Drawing poet blind pictures of scenes of the desert through his trips to the land of acclaimed mediated camel, described and its share and walk in the tread rugged, noting the rigors of travel and the difficulty faced by them in order to reach acclaimed, for a lot of tender first, then to boast Pfrossith II; being prowling float lonesome and alone. It was a blind poet pause on the ruins of the fees and what they contain and landmarks, Vahtam out, and absorbed a lot of the traditional meanings mentioned by the poets sighted, he asked and complained and cried and pictures of homes and the effects of their charges and the impact of rain and wind on them. Deliberately poet blind to the coloring of his paintings of poetry, the desire to keep up with the sighted was adopted in image color on the covenantal audio and especially the poet, the blind, who could not give a true picture of the color of a given, but he was able to give indications of the colors by his concept to her, and it was white checkered and black are the most presence of the rest of the colors, perhaps due in to the psychological impact of these colors in the lives of the blind, being in permanent conflict with the light in the shadow of darkness eternal imposed equally upon, and as usual it was the largest share in these pictures colorimetric Bashar and Maari who Tfoqa - Godh - frequent and even on other newly blind. The auditory sense is most present in the poetry of nature, followed by olfactory, and tactile, Valdhuqah. Taking freelancing senses dimension poetic special when the poet blind making of images and compositions phones in the poetry of nature painted painting Bogdan poet, and pulse sense, is up talent poet blind and creativity peak in the use of compositions poetic visual, auditory, and olfactory and gustatory, and plays a sense of the poet blind delicate an important role in moving his mind about this line of rationing artwork. Have revealed chapters message as well as the substantive results, the results of other art, was the fact that most of the poems of nature when the blind had been organized on the seas long, took the sea long space bulk of the hair nature, followed by (full, simple, generous) and the use of the poet for this seas Related Activations long; for shows and separates accurately manifestations of nature, as well as the weights of poetry such as (shun, and Lilt, and light) and the seas again came about very few (k Almnsarh, and prolonged, and convergent), as we found through research that the poet uses rhymes that are clarity and power, such as a character (Alaba, and signifier, and ra, and harvest), as well as the use of rhyme both types of absolute ones and restricted, has had a rhyme broken luck and abundant in the poetry of nature when the blind, and followed embraced, and then open the rhyme restricted did not appear in the poems blind but in a way few. As for the rhythm of internal Fimthelh repetition; since sought poet blind by repeating words to assert the idea that, while repeating the letters aims to make a melody musically rhythmically rest his vocal and Thuah, as well as a common method of recycling in the poetry of the blind, and subjected to the atmosphere of emotional psychological; to achieve Using convergence moral terms, as they could through alliteration and Altbara to achieve harmony of music in the context of the House of poetry, as well as impart these methods of semantic and moral values on the hair nature. Shred poet blind in the formulation of an image of nature formulation of fine art, it has more of the use of similes; since used the analogy of different types (the sender, and the total, and detailed, and eloquent, and inverted), moving from similes sensual, to comparisons technical suggestive expressed taste poet blind, who was tends to innovation, and innovation in the poetic image, as well as the emergence of style (metaphor) as a means; to deepen the significance of meaning through use, not for what put him, and had to borrow tools attend the largest of metaphor declarative, and the style (metaphor) has shown the poet blind desire for non - disclosure, or disclosure of the meanings that was Eptgaha directly, resorted to metaphor for character, and for metonymy described, this method of taking a way to achieve what aspire. Most of the methods demand was orbiting the emotions psychological poet, and receiver alike, and for this reason is often found poets blind out about the real meanings to gloss metaphorical; what gives him the freedom to express their feelings and make the recipient to contact and communicate with what he says poet. As regards (Reliable Wholesale) has appeared in Poetry Nature Methods synthetic contributed to the enrichment of meaning, and the strengthening of the building, and clarity in showing the positions that have a link with affection poet blind, and his imagination, and these methods are (submission delays, Chapter interfaces, and male and deletions). After these are the most important results of the question raised by this study, do not pretend it Facts final for granted, but at the same time figured I done everything I can in order to access them, and in conclusion, I would put this study made it my best, and I tried what I could display which opens the way for new studies of the nature of poetry when the blind in the other literary ages, and praise be to God always.

لهجة ناحية ابصية وصلتها بالعربية الفصحى == The Population Of Bsaya District

اسم المؤلف: واثق حسن مجهول
اسم المشرف: محمود عبد حمد اللامي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: There is no doubt that the study of dialects has great importance and as such was given special care by Arabic language scholars in order to be acquainted with many linguistic phenomena which have become prevalent in our language, in addition to authenticating many contemporary dialects and tracing them back to their ancient roots and unveiling the historical stages they pass through and the impact of environment , place and time on their linguistic development since their very emergence.The Arabs cared a lot for their language through authoring numerous linguistic books which included within them many references to ancient Arab languages though it fell short of the specialised accurate study as a result of being content with mere references to restoring the names of languages to the names of their tribes. This has led to deprive us of knowing much about many of these languages more accurately.In order to grant the languages ,i.e. the dialects, their full right to be treated, a group of modern researchers have endeavoured earnestly to study the language and its relation to modern dialects. For the sake of catching up with these attempts, I have decided to opt for the topic, " THE Dialect of bsayah and its Relation to classical arabic " for my thesis. The research has arrived at the following findings : - The dialect of the population of Bsaya has been found to be a trace of ancient Arabic languages because it cannot be separated from the Arabic dialects because language is a living entity which grows and develops throughout time : a process which shows that many of the traits of contemporary Arabic dialects have their origin in classical Arabic which has represented the utmost evolution that affected ancient Arabic dialects. - The study has traced the linguistic and historical development for many of the THE Dialect of bsayah and its Relation to classical arabic authenticating its various linguistic uses ,such as the use of the kasrah for the letter of "presentness"such as nikash, niCzib, tiCshun,…etc. or using the kasrahfor the first letter in the morphological scalefor nouns and adjectivessuch as shihid ,zi'ir, sha?ir, etc.This is a common phenomenon in most of ancient Arab dialects - The study has shown that the dialect of Bsayah is irregular in most of its linguistic phenomena such as the substitution of the?ad for the sin such as ?akhab for sakhab or it could be vice versa such as sahra for?ahra' - As for the morphological study the overwhelming part of it has come in agreement with classical Arabic. The change has been superficial in the structure of the dialect of the population of Bsayah : this change has been either in form or by adding or reducing a letter whereby some of theparticiples and the derivations have deviated from their regular forms to the irregular ones such as the irregular forms of the feminine which are numerous in the dialect of Bsayah. Examples of these arekadar , jabad, ?a?ah , etc. - The study has confirmed that some utterances represent Arabic dialects which make masculine and feminine without using any suffix or sign for feminisation such astaa , or prolonged or confined 'alifsuch as biyr, jiliyb, ?iriyj, sibiyl, for bi'r, qaliyb, ?ariyq, sabiylrespectively.As faras the grammatical aspect are concerned, the study has shownthe adherence of Bsayah dialectto the ya' in pluralising and dualising the masculine in all the parsing cases : the nominative, the accusative and the genitive.The Arabs used to substitute the plural for the dual such as " ?adhim 'al - manakib (i.e., mankabain)" and "ghalidh 'al - hawajib(hajibain)".The Bsayah dialect, like other contemporary Arabic dialects, has beencharacterised by its being free of the parsing diacritics or signs and the inclination of its speakers to put a sukunat the end of its words. This could be a phenomenon which prevailed in an early time of the prevalence of solecism and the corruption of languages because of the Islamic wars and conquests.

الشفاعة والاستعطاف في شعر العصر الاسلامي : دراسة موضوعية فنية

اسم المؤلف: فاطمة سعد دواس
اسم المشرف: محمد فليح حسن الجبوري
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الادب
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:

الخطاب الشعري للشريف الرضي بين الانا والاخر == Al Sharif Alradhis' Poetic Speech Between The Ego And The Other

اسم المؤلف: عادل ياسر كاظم الركابي
اسم المشرف: ستار جبار رزيج
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study is an attempt to extrapolate the poetic discourse of , Sharif alRedhi between the ego and the other Based on the concept of discourse as a modern linguistic studies secretions. this term has take a long range in these studies and in other areas oflife and became the term of speech in recent time a common term , but it branched , and had many paths , and different concepts so that finding it and selecting it became difficult , so the speech became used widely among critics and researchers , and became with different concepts , and became expressing many things in multiple areas and within all disciplines , poetic art has specific speech and aims to deliver its intended message , as well as a lot of other arts.the field of the ego and the other was taken from the side poetic speech of poet and his overall intentions , whether political , social or religious ,the researcher wanted to observe these phenomena in the poets books , and criticism books that dealt with the speech of poetry in general , the reliability of the researcher to interrogate the poetic texts , taking advantage from the language of the text itself, and understand it , or special perceive by interpretation , to read the text and thinking in it and insight into the depths and disclosure of its connotations , so the research methodology came spread over three chapters preceded by a preface, followed by a conclusion so we reached to a set of results that emerged from the study , including : 1 The political speech of alradhi is characterized by style which is convincing , which is intended to a commercial reaching function that cannot leave him under any circumstances , a coherent build is taken from article ideology of special technical owned by alredhi which has excitement spirited by using rhetorical mechanisms.2 his frequent use of the exciting words in his speech, was from his mental interactions experienced at the beginning of his childhood to his youth , and what he suffered of pain of need for his ambitions.those words represent tone raised in his poetic speeches pictured his illusions as champion in the battles waged in his imagination , seeming as negatively center he paid intention around so that his art became not realistic.3 his sense of himself led to making his own identity based on differentiation from others. his own conscious and passion and safe ideas led to consciousness by being different from others and a preferring himself, and its superiority over the others in one hand , and on having the principles of harmony , cohesion and synergy with the others including consistent and satisfy himself and save psychological tension , but here we can not only to be satisfied with such results , asking the Almighty to guide us.the researcher

اساليـب الطلب فـــي ديوان الشيخ عبد الحميد السماوي : دراسة دلالية تداولية == Methods Of Request In The Diwan Of Sheikh Abdul - Hameed Al - Samawi : Grammatical Semantic Study

اسم المؤلف: حمد عدل ناصر الغانمي
اسم المشرف: وليد شاكر نعاس الرفاعي | محمود عبد اللامي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الادب
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: وقد اقتضت طبيعة البحث تقسيمه على تمهيد وثلاثة فصول متبوعة بخاتمة, اما : التمهيد فقد خصص لدراسة الكلام والانشاء الطلبي. واما الفصول فقد جاءت مقسمة على ثلاثة فصول, مبتدءة بالفصل الاول الذي تناولت فيه اسلوبي الامر والنهي. واما الفصل الثاني, | (Methods of Request in the Diwan of Sheikh Abdul - Hameed Al - Samawi : Grammatical Semantic Study)In the name of Allah, the most compassionate, the most MercifulThanks to Allah, peace and blessing be upon the master of all mankind and his rightly guided progeny and peace be upon their followers until the Day of Judgment.The nature of the research has necessitated dividing it into a prologue, four chapters followed by a conclusion. The prologue has been allocated to study the poet biography; as this study is the first dealing with his works. The research has been divided into four chapters; the first of which has dealt with three concepts : speech, Composition and request, for two reasons; the first is that the reference of the methods of request are those three concepts, and the other reason is that this research is meant to keep pace with modern linguistic studies, particularly the deliberation theory. The second chapter which has studied the two modes - commands and interdictions - is divided into three sections; the first section has dealt with the command linguistically and idiomatically as well as its indication of time. The second section has addressed the forms referring to the commands which have been dealt with in the diwan. The third section has discussed the necessitating functions of the command mode. Chapter three has been allocated for interrogation methods and divided into two sections beginning with a preface dealing with interrogation linguistically and idiomatically, while the first section has addressed interrogation particles according to their occurrences in the diwan and they are classified as particles and nouns. The third section has studied the necessitating functions of the interrogation mode. The fourth chapter entitled (other methods namely the vocative, optative, hoping, offering and urging cases), has been divided into three sections : the first has dealt with vocative mode (nature, particles, and object). The second section has dealt with the necessitating functions of the vocative. The third chapter has been allocated for (optative, hoping, proposing and urging) cases. The chapters of the research are completed with its conclusion and findings, the most important of which are : 1 - Al - Samawi's diwan includes the main original and necessitating methods of request such as commanding, praying, appealing and etc.2 - The poet took too much care of the feminine addressing in his use of the command mode , which means that he take on this mode for its efficacy in influencing society more than the confrontation mode; also, he used it when sensing pain and bitterness for what he saw of the community situation.3 - The research has proven the need to differentiate between the verb of command as an act of the speaker, which is associated with the present time, and whose significance occurs at its saying, and the compliance phase with which the verb deviates from the command implication.

الخلود في شعر عبد الحميد السماوي == Eternity In The Poetry Of Abdul Hamid Al - Samawi

اسم المؤلف: اساور ناجي حسين صالح الحسناوي
اسم المشرف: محمد فليح حسن الجبوري
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الادب
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: We have chosen the term "eternity" in the poetry of Abdul Hamid Al - Samawi because of the indications of awareness of eternity it carries and the way of employing it, in addition to the role it plays in engineering the text : a process which is considered one of the most important streams of the poetical experience of the creative person whie it is on the threshold of producing a new text. The nature of the topic has required that it be divided up into a preface and two parts preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion containing most of the findings arrived at Finally, a list of references has been added.I have followed in my research the inductive descriptive approach.The preface has been given the title" Eternity between Philosophy and Poetry", while the first part has been devoted to the" Objective Study". As for the second part ,it has been devoted to keeping an eye on the artistic factors by mean of the tools of the aesthetic molding.The research has arrived at the following findings : *It has become clear the Al - Samwi's poetry has mixed between imitation and innovation at the same time. That is to say, his collection of poetry has included the traditional topics and the modernized ones which appeared in modern Arabic poetry. It has become clear that the subject of "eternity" was conspicuous.*It has become clear that the main motive behind composing poetry was the society in general and the Samawa environment in particular. This is considered one of the most important outside attitudes to which the motive responds. The influence of the environment has been apparent in Al - Samawi's poetry as a result of how he viewed it. The influence of religious occasions has been also clear which has made the poet long for contemplating the landmarks of eternity as represented in Ahlul Bayt(AS) lofty edifices.The third motive has been represented in in Al - Samawi's pondering over life and death.Life in all its troubles and pains imposes on him pains and sufferings which makes him criticize its leisure. He has ,therefore, kept a close eye on all its manifestations. As for his pondering over death, the poet launches into mentioning death prolonging contemplating it. He has also expressed his delight upon seeing graves and casted long looks on them. He has also pondered over universe and existence.His existential concern has been clear which was its main motive to think of the other world and the eternal rest.*It has become clear that Al - Samawi's has penetrated the language looking into it as deep as his emotions using its styles in line with what he deems convenient for his psyche and doctrine. He reclines once on the eternity expressions of the heritage while in other times uses simple expressions , but the language of eternity which has taken a distinctive feature is the easy and simple language. His poetic lexicon has been characterized by the domination of the eternity expressions and their derivatives. They are considered the most dominant expressions over the poet's vision. Through these dominating expressions , he has been able to express cases struggling in his mind whether in reality or in imagination.*It has been apparent that Al - Samawi made manifested the linguistic structure in the poetry of eternity in more than one meaning as deemed convenient according to his poetic experience. The poet , therefore, has subjected for this purpose expression and constructions which he thinks they can achieve this objective. These style have varied and they have been controlled by his poetic feelings and emotions.*Al - Samawi has adopted the traditional criteria in the metrical structure of his poem. Examining carefully and employing the Arabic metres , he has revealed to us the intensity of his use to specific metres as used by ancient poets such as the metres of the Kamil, Tawil, Khafif, and Basit. He has intentionally resorted to metres diversity in texts where homogeneous and heterogeneous metres are used for the sake of waving movements among feet. As for rhyme, it looked as though it were a rich multidimensional sonorant action which has contributing to granting the text sobriety and stability.in addition to shedding light on the semantic dimension of texts.*The internal music for the poetry of eternity has reflected in alliteration and bringing the reare to the fore to express what Al - Samawi feels of. it has also been found that he resorts to repetition in its being one of the styles of expression. The poet had recourse to creating his own internal music through repeating a group of sounds which have a specific type of phonetic characteristics. He has repeated letters, utterances and constructions to perfect the meaning and fix it alongside phonetic effects to achieve musical harmony.*Al - Samawi has found in the Glorious Quran an inexhaustible fountain of meanings and utterances which have been absorbed by his mind and filled the depths of his soul. So, he started to drink of this sweet fountain living with the verses of eternity to such an extent that his texts were formation of many texts rephrased to meet his poetic attitude and vision.*The role of the religious symbol in the poetry of eternity has become apparent and the most outstanding symbol has been that of religious and historical heritage. The poet has been in the habit of recalling his immortal religious characters whichreflects his feeling that such characters were of great richness especially when we take into consideration that his look is in accordance with his psyche and poetic experience ; thus he has cared a lot for his doctrinal thought which formed later on a discourse specific to him in order to achieve cohesion between his experience and the symbol of eternity because he has expressed what he has inside himself by means of subjective motives.*The study has revealed the domination of personification in an imaginative context adopted by the poet in more than one poetic image. This personification has emanated from the passion and psyche of the poet. Imagination has extended over a huge space as regards his depictions especially after he has made the inanimate possess the qualities of the human being which has made the recipient understand and grasp the meaning more clearly ; hence the poet has been able to construct a multitude of new unrelated depictions.

التناص القراني في نهج البلاغة : الخلق مثالا == Intertextuality Between The Quran And Nahj Alblaghah Creating - Sample

اسم المؤلف: زينب ساطع عباس
اسم المشرف: وليد شاكر نعاس الرفاعي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الادب
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This research "Quotation Nahj Alblaghah from holly Qur'an - Creature as sample - " discusses four subjects; holly Qur'an, Nahj Alblaghah of Imam Ali (AS), the intersexuality and the creation. At first, it discusses the concept of intersexuality trying to a

دور نواب لواء العمارة في مجلس النواب العراقي 1939 - 1958 : دراسة تاريخية == The Role Of Vice architecture brigade in the Iraqi Council of Representatives1925 - 1958 Historical Stud

اسم المؤلف: رنا عاصي نعيمة
اسم المشرف: عبد الاله بدر علي الاسدي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
الملخص:
المصادر:

ادوارد سعيد سيرته واثاره الفكرية والسياسية 1935 - 2003 : دراسة تاريخية == Edward sa'ied is biography and provoked , political intellectual 1935 - 2003 Historical study

اسم المؤلف: ماجد عبد الزهرة عمران
اسم المشرف: غانم نجيب عباس
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
الملخص:
المصادر:

العلاقات السياسية السعودية الاماراتية 1971 - 1981 == The Saudi - Emirates Political Relationship (1971 - 1981)

اسم المؤلف: زهراء حسين خضير
اسم المشرف: حسين كامل جابر الشاهر
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
الملخص:
المصادر:

الشيخ محمد طاهر الفضلي السماوي حياته واثاره 1876 - 1950م : دراسة تاريخية == AL - shaykh Muhammad Tahir AL - Samawi His biography and imprints (1876 - 1950 ) A hiisttoriicall sttudy

اسم المؤلف: ياسر عبد عكال الزيادي
اسم المشرف: حسين كامل جابر الشاهر
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
الملخص:
المصادر:

تاثير الاسمدة وعــوامل المكافحة الاحيائية في مؤشــــرات نمــــو نبات البطاطا Solanum tubersum L. واهميتها في مقاومة الفطر Rhizoctonia solani == Effect of fertilizers and bioagent factors in growth parameters of Solanum tubersum L. plants and their impact on resistance to Rhizoctonia solani

اسم المؤلف: علي فرج جبير الزريجاوي
اسم المشرف: صباح لطيف علوان | فلاح حسن عيسى
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الوقاية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: نفذت التجارب المختبرية لهذه الدراسة في مختبرات كلية الزراعة / جامعة المثنى والتجارب الحقلية في منطقة النجمي الواقعة شمال شرق مدينة السماوة خلال موسم النمو 2013 - 2014 ، وتضمنت هذه الدراسة محورين : المحور الاول : التجارب المختبرية هدفت هذه التجارب الى تصنيع سماد عضوي مخصب ، باستعمال عوامل المقاومة الاحيائية لتخصيب السماد العضوي والسيطرة على الفطر الممرض Rhizoctonia solani المسبب لمرض القشرة السوداء على البطاطا . اظهرت جميع عوامل المكافحة الاحيائية كفائتها التضادية مع الفطر الممرض عند اجراء التجارب المختبرية حيث كانت درجة التضاد من 2 - 1 ماعدا الفطر Aspergillus niger فقد كانت درجة التضاد 2.25 حسب مقياس ( Bell ) ، واظهرت ايضا كفائتها في زيادة نسبة الانبات في بذور الفجل . المحور الثاني ويشمل : التجارب الحقلية التي هدفت الى اختبار تاثير الاسمدة العضوية وعوامل المقاومة الاحيائية والتداخل بينها على الفطر الممرض Rhizoctonia solani وبعض معايير نمو وانتاجية البطاطا صنف سانتا ذات الرتبة A للموسم الخريفي. تمت الزراعة في 15 ايلول لعام 2013 ولغاية 15/ 1 / 2014 وصنف اريزونا ذات الرتبة Elite للموسم الربيعي . تمت الزراعة في28 كانون الثاني لعام 2014 ولغاية 3/ 5 / 2014 . ويمكن تلخيص النتائج بما يلي : الموسم الخريفي تضمن 24 معاملة استخدمت فيها توليفات مختلفة من السماد الحيواني والسماد الخليط والسماد الكيميائي مع عوامل المقاومة الاحيائية وبدون سماد (كمعاملة سيطرة )، جميعها مع الفطر الممرض ، لتقيم تاثيرها على معايير نمو النبات، فقد اعطت معاملة التسميد F3 (سماد خليط) اعلى المعدلات في ( نسبة البزوغ الحقلي ، المساحة الورقية ، حاصل النبات الواحد ، النسبة المئوية للنشا ، محتوى الدرنات من النيتروجين) حيث بلغت (82.4 % ، 97.4 دسم2 ، 737.5 غم/ نبات ، 11.81 % ، 22.47 غم . كغم1 - ) على التوالي قياسا بمعاملة المقارنة F0 (تربة بدون تسميد) التي اعطت اقل المعدلات ، اذ بلغت (68.5 % ، 69.9 دسم2 ، 518.1 غم/ نبات ، 10.56 % ، 12.60 غم . كغم1 - ) على التوالي . واظهرت النتائج ايضا تاثيرا واضحا لعوامل المكافحة الاحيائية ، فقد تفوقت المعاملة P5 (الفطر الممرض Rhizoctonia solani+(Trichoderma harzianum +Pseudomonas fluorescens + (Aspergillus niger في صفات المجموع الخضري والصفات الكمية والنوعية للنبات ( نسبة البزوغ الحقلي ، المساحة الورقية ، حاصل النبات الواحد ، النسبة المئوية للنشا ، محتوى الدرنات من النيتروجين) ، اذ اعطت معدلات بلغت (86.1 % ، 98.5 دسم2 ، 718.8 غم / نبات ،12.31 %، 24.98 غم . كغم1 - ) على التوالي ، قياسا بمعاملة المقارنة P1 (الفطر الممرض R.s. فقط ) التي اعطت اقل المعدلات ، اذ بلغت (59.7 % ، 66.3 دسم2 ، 521.9 غم / نبات،9.77 %، 11.90 غم . كغم1 - ) على التوالي.اما نتائج الموسم الربيعي والذي تضمن 12 معاملة استخدمت فيها توليفة السماد الخليط مع عوامل المقاومة الاحيائية وبدون سماد (كمعاملة سيطرة )، جميعها مع الفطر الممرض ، فقد اظهرت معاملة التسميد F1 (سماد خليط) تفوقا واضح في صفات النمو الخضري والصفات الكمية والنوعية للنبات ، اذ اعطت اعلى معدلات في ( النسبة المئوية للبزوغ الحقلي ، المساحة الورقية ، حاصل النبات الواحد ، النسبة المئوية للنشا) حيث بلغت (92.6 % ، 109.2 دسم2 ،794.4 غم / نبات ، 12.32 %) على التوالي قياسا بمعاملة المقارنة F0 (تربة بدون تسميد) ، اذ بلغت (81.5 % ، 78.3 دسم2 ، 615.7 غم / نبات ،11.41 % ) على التوالي . واظهرت النتائج ايضا تاثيرا واضحا لعوامل المكافحة الاحيائية فقد تفوقت المعاملة P5 (الفطر الممرض R.s. + (A.n. +P.f. + T.h.) ) في صفات النمو الخضري والصفات الكمية والنوعية للنبات ، اذ اعطت اعلى المعدلات في ( النسبة المئوية للبزوغ الحقلي ، المساحة الورقية ، حاصل النبات الواحد ، النسبة المئوية للنشا) اعلى المعدلات بلغت ( 97.2 % ، 117.6 دسم2 ،816.7 غم/ نبات ، 13.45 %) على التوالي قياسا بالمقارنة P1 (الفطر الممرض R.s. فقط ) والتي اعطت معدلات بلغت ( 72.2 % ، 71.1 دسم2 ،579.2 غم/ نبات ،9.90 %)على التوالي . اظهر السماد العضوي المخصب الذي تم تصنيعة كفاءة في انبات بذور ونمو بادرات نبات الفجل المختبرة ، حيث اعطت المعاملة T6 ( تربة + سماد خليط + R.s. + (A.n. +P.f. + T.h.)) تفوقا واضحا في النسبة المئوية للانبات ، طول البادرة ، الوزن البادرة الطري ، حيوية البذور ،اذ بلغت (90 % ، 11.2 سم ، 0.9 غم ، 1011) مقارنة مع معاملة T2 ( تربة + سماد خليط + R.s.) ، التي لم تعطي اي نسبة انبات . وبذلك يعتبر السماد المصنع قابل للاستخدام لمدة اكثر من سنة حسب نتيجة التجربة . | This study was conducted at labrotories college of Agriculture / Al - Muthanna Uni. and experiment filed condition in Al - Najme location in the North east Al - Samawa city during 2013 - 2014 growth season.This study included tow categories or parts : The first category includes the manfacture of organic fertilizers enriched , by using bio control agents to organic fertilizer and control the pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani that causes black crust on Potatoes.The bio control agents showed high antagonistic efficiency with fungus in labrotory experiments and the degree of antagonism ranged from 1 - 2 while the fungus A.niger was 2.25 according to the degree beivs scale (Bell) , as well as its efficiency in increasing the percentage of germination of radish seed.The second category aimed to study the effect of organic fertilizers ( cow manure , chemical fertilizer and control treatment ) and bio control agents alone and in combination on the growth and yield of Solanum tuberosum L. c.v. Santa class A , during 15 September 2013 to 15 December 2014 and Arizona class Elite , during 28 December 2014 to 3 May 2014. The results during the fall season were summarized as fllows : The field experiment included 24 treatment were used various combinations of cow manure and compost and chemical fertilizers with the bio control agents and without fertilizer (as control treatment), all of them with the pathogenic fungus, to assess their impact on plant growth standards, has given , the treatment F3 (compost fertilizer) showed significant superiority in (field emergence , leaf area , holds per plant , , starch percentage % , nitrogen content of tubers ) rached (82.4% , 97.4 dsm2, 737.5 g , 11.81% , 22.47 g. Kgm - 1 ), respectively, compared to the treatment control F0 (soil without fertilization) that gave the lowest rates, reaching (68.5%, 69.9 dsm2, 518.1 g , 10.56% , 12.60 g. Kgm - 1 ), respectively. The results Showes that significant effect when use bio control agents , the treatment P5 (pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani+ (Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens + Aspergillus niger )) significantly in each vegetative growth and the qualitative and quantitative of the plant , was superior (emergence ratio , leaf area, holds per plant , ,% starch percentage , nitrogen content of tubers ), reached (86.1% , 98.5 dsm2, 718.8 g / plant , 12.31% , 24.98 g. Kgm - 1 ), respectively, as compared to control treatment P1 (pathogenic fungus R.s. only) which gave the lowest rates, reaching (59.7% , 66.3 dsm2, 521.9 g / plant , 9.77 % , 11.90 g. Kgm - 1 ), respectively. The results of the Spring season , which included 12 treatmens used where a combination of compost with the bio control agents and without fertilizer (as control treatment), all of them with the pathogenic fungus, has shown the treatment fertilization F1 (compost fertilizer) edge clear in recipes vegetative growth and attributes of quantity and quality of the plant , as given higher rates (the ratio of emergence field , leaf area , holds per plant ,% starch percentage) , reached (92.6%, 109.2 dsm2, 794.4 g / plant , 12.32% ) as compared to the treatment control F0 (soil without fertilization), reached (81.5% , 78.3 dsm2, 615.7 g / plant , 11.41% ), respectively. Results of Showes significant superiority the treatment P5 (pathogenic fungus R.s. + (A.n. + P.f. + T.h.)) in characters vegetative growth and the qualitative and quantitative of the plant , as given in recipes shoot (percentage emergence ratio of field, the number of stems, plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll content, dry weight of shoots) reached (97.2% , 117.6 dsm2, 816.7 g / plant , 13.45% ), respectively, compared with P1 (pathogenic fungus R.s. only) reached (72.2% , 71.1 dsm2, 579.2 g / plant , 9.90% ), respectively. The compost - enriched, was superior in radish seed germination and growth as wells as , the treatment T6 (soil + F.c. + R.s. + (A.n. + P.f. + T.h.)) was superior significant in germination percentage , length of gesture, weight gesture and seed viability, reaching (90 %, 11.2 cm, 0.9 g , 1011) compared with treatment T2 (soil + F.c. + R.s.), which did not give any germination percentage. and so is the fertilizer factory unusable for more than a year as a result of the experiment.

تقييم كفاءة بعض المبيدات الاحيائية والطبيعية في مقاومة حفار اوراق الطماطة Tuta absoluta (Meyrick 1917) (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) تحت الظروف المختبرية والحقلية == Evaluation efficacy of some biological and natural insecticides on the control of Tutaabsoluta(Meyrick 17) in laboratory and green house

اسم المؤلف: عبد الكريم عبد الحسين سلمان
اسم المشرف: نهاد كاظم خلف التميمي
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - البستنة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه االدراسة للفتره 2012 - 2013 لمعرفة تاثير اوراق نبات قرن الغزال Ibicella lutea وبكتريا Bacillus thuringiensis على الادوار المختلفة حشرة حفار اوراق الطماطه Tuta absulotaفي المختبر والحقل. تبين من اجراء التجارب تحت الظروف المختبرية تاثير البكتريا على ادوار الحشره في المختبر تاثيرا معنوبيا حيث حققت العزله B. t.s اقل نسبة تفقيس لبيض الحشرة (25.5%) عند التخفيف 10 - 4 . بينما حققت العتره.k B. t اعلى نسبة قتل لليرقات (76%) عند التخفيف نفسه, وكانت اعلى نسبة القتل للبالغات للعزلة B. t. e حيث وصلت الى 61% عند نفس التخيف. وبينت الدراسة ان لوقت التعرض تاثير معنوي على نسب الهلاك لليرقات والبالغات حيث كانت نسبة الهلاك عند 72 ساعة ( 70.7% لليرقات و48.8% للبالغات) , بينما كانت نسب الهلاك عند 48 ساعة 54.8% لليرقات و36.6% للبالغات اما نسب الهلاك بعد 24 ساعة 41.6% لليرقات و25.9 % للبالغات . اظهرت الدراسة تاثيرا معنويا للمستخلصات المائية (الماء الحار والبارد) على نسبة فقس البيوض فقد كانت النسب 34% و53% للماء البارد عند تركيز 80% . بينمواصلت اعلى نسبة هلاك اليرقات 69% للماء الحار و44.6% للماء البارد عند تركيز 80% في حين كانت اعلى نسبة هلاك للبالغات بالماء الحار 51% والماء البارد 34.3% عند التركيز 80% . كما اثرت المستخلصات الكحولية (الهكسين والايثانول) لاوراق نبات قرن الغزال تاثيرا معنويا على نسبة فقس البيوض حيث كانت اقل نسبة فقس 23.3% باستخدام مستخلص الايثانول و25.5% باستخدام مستخلص الهكسين عند التركيز 80% واظهرت الدراسة ارتفاع في نسبة هلاك اليرقات حيث كانت النسب للايثانول 86.6% والهكسين 51% بينما نسبة هلاك البالغات 49% و42% باستخدام مستخلص الاثانول والهكسين عند تركيز 80%. ومن التحليل الاحصائي لـتاثير فترات التعرض للمستخلصات لم يظهر اي فرق معنوي للتعرض للفترات المختلفة على جميع ادوار الحشرة. من خلال التجارب الحقلية لاستخدام بكتريا B. thuringiensis كعامل مكافحة لادوار الحشرة اثر هذا المبيد الاحيائي تاثيرا معنويا على نسبة فقس بيض الحشرة حيث ان العزلة B.t.i حققت اقل نسبة فقس 27% عند التخفيف 10 - 4 .في حين وصلت نسبة هلاك اليرقات الى 55.7% باستخدام العزلة B.t.a واعطت العزلة B.t.s اعلى نسبة هلاك للبالغات 51% عند نفس التخفيف 10 - 4 . بينت النتائج ان هناك فرق معنوي لفترات تعرض بيوض ويرقات وبالغات الحشرة للبكتريا .وقد اثر استخدام المستخلصات المائية لاوراق نبات قرن الغزال تاثيرا معنويا حيث كانت اقل نسبة فقس للبيض عند استخدام الماء البارد 72% وللماء الحار 44% عند تركيز 80% في حين كانت نسبة الفقس باستخدام مستخلص الايثانول 25.5% وللهكسين31.5% عند التركيز 80% .اما اعلى نسبة هلاك لليرقات بالماء الحار 64% وللماء البارد 57% عند التركيز 80% في حين وصلت اعلى النسب الى 72% عند استخدام مستخلص الايثانول و53% عند استخدام مستخلص الهكسين على التوالي بتركيز 80%. واظهر مستخلص الماء الحار نسبة هلاك للبالغات بلغت 65% في حين وصلت النسبة الى 55% للماء البارد, وبلغت نسب الهلاك باستخدام المستخلصات الكحولية (الهكسين والاثانول) 60% و68% على التوالي عند تركيز 80%.واظهرت النتائج بعدم وجود فروقات معنوية لاوراق نبات قرن الغزال لفترات تعرض مختلفة للمستخلصات كافة وعلى كافة ادوارالحشرة. وبينت الدراسة ان نسب تاثير البكتريواالمستخلصات النباتية كانت اعلى تحت الظروف المختبرية مما هو عليه تحت الظروف الحقلية ولادوار الحشرة كافة . | This study was conducted for the period from 2012 - 2013.The study including demonstrate effect of leaves extracts of Ibicella lutea and Bacillus thuringiensis on a different stages of Tuta absoluta on tomato plants in laboratory and under green house. The result illustrated significance effect of B. thuringiesis on Tuta absoluta eggs, strain B. T. e gave the high effect on decrease eggs hatching, percentage was 25.5 %, in concentration 10 - 4.The effect of killing percentage on larvae was 76% by strain B. T. at the same concentration, While the lethal effect of the B.T.e. on adult insects was 61% at the concentration 10 - 4.The study revealed also there were different effects of the time of inoculation on the lethal percentage of bacteria on the different stages life of insect. The killing percentage was highly after 72 hours of treatment reach up to 70.7% compare of after 24 hours 41.6% to larvae. While on the adults killing percentages were 48.8% , 25.9% during 72 and 24 hours respectively. The results of Ibicella lutea showed that extract gave significance effect on the mortality percentages in different stages of insect. Water extracts by (hot and cold water) affected eggs hatching percentage, we demonstrated 30% and 53% for cold and hot water respectively, while the effect of on larvae killing percentage were 44.6% and 69% and effect in adults were 34.3 and 51 respectively(cold and hot) in concentration 80%.In current study, (ethanol and hexin) for extraction of Ibicella lutea leaves , ethanol has showed strong effect on eggs hatching which decrease the percentage to 23.3% while hexin gave 25.5% in concentration 80%. In the other hand effect of alcoholic extractions on larvae mortality were 86.6% and 51% (ethanol and hexin) while adults deadly percentages were 49 and 42% by ethanol and hexin respectively, all results in concentration 80%.Results also showed that there were no significances effects of the times of inoculations on all stages of insect. In green house, B. thuringiensis proved significance effect on eggs hatching of insects, while the strain B. t. i gave lowest hatching percentage it reached to 27% in concentration of 10 - 4. While the killing percentage on larvae stage was 55.7% by using the strain B. T. a and result on the adults of insect were 51% by strain B. t. s. Results conducted that there were a significances effect of inoculating times of bacteria on different stages of insect failing hatching and mortality percentages of larvae and adults. Ibicella lutea extracts affected in values of Tuta absoluta in the different stages of insect life, so the highly effect was in concentration 80% was showed in case of hot and cold water extracts reveal that there was no significance effect of inoculated times of extract on mortality percentages of insect life stages .We concluded that the effect of bacteria and Ibicella lutea extracts highly in laboratory than in green house because of environments effect in the farm

تاثير نسبة وطور نمو ازالة نباتات محصول زهرة الشمس في صفات النمو والحاصل (Helianthus annuus L.var. flame) == Effect of percentage and growth stage removal of sunflower plants on growth charactars and yield (Helianthus annuus L.var. flame

اسم المؤلف: علي عبد السادة حول الجياشي
اسم المشرف: فيصل محبس الطاهر | يحيى كريـــدي جـــلاب
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - المحاصيل الحقلية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: نفذت تجربة حقلية خلال الموسمين الخريفي والربيعي للعامين 2012 و2013, في احد الحقول الزراعية في قضاء الوركاء / محافظة المثنى، وذلك لدراسة قابلية محصول زهرة الشمس على تعويض الحاصل من جراء فقد النباتات. استعملت تصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة ( R.C.B.D) بثلاثة مكررات، اذ تضمنت الدراسة اربع نسب لازالة النباتات هي (صفر و25 و50 و75%) في خمسة اطوار لنمو النبات هي : ( = V4طور 4 ورقات) و(V8 = طور 8 ورقات) و(V12 = طور 12 ورقة) و(R1 = طور البرعم الثمري) و(R5 = طور التزهير) .بينت النتائج ان لازالة النباتات تاثيرا معنويا في زيادة صفات النمو (عدد الاوراق وقطر الساق والمساحة الورقية وقطر القرص) ومكونات الحاصل (عدد البذور بالقرص ووزن 1000 بذرة وحاصل النبات الفردي ودليل الحصاد) للموسمين الخريفي والربيعي, وتباينت نتائج الموسمين في صفة حاصل البذور الكلي اذ تفوقت معاملة الازالة 25% باعطائها اعلى متوسط بلغ 3.08 طن.ه - 1, ومن دون فرق معنوي عن معاملة المقارنة للموسم الخريفي, بالمقابل تفوقت معاملة عدم الازالة (المقارنة) في الموسم الربيعي واعطت متوسطا بلغ 1.61 طن.ه - 1 ومن دون فرق معنوي عن معاملة الازالة 25%، وعن نسبة الزيت فقد اعطت معاملة المقارنة اعلى متوسط لنسبة الزيت بلغت 47.20 و42.54% ولكلا الموسمين الخريفي والربيعي على التوالي. كما اظهرت النتائج تفوق مراحل الازالة المبكرة, التي لم تختلف معنويا فيما بينها ( V4 وV8 وV12) في اغلب الصفات المدروسة وللموسمين, اذ اعطى طور الازالة V12 اعلى متوسطا لصفة حاصل البذور الكلي وحاصل الزيت بلغا 2.53 و1.15 طن.ه - 1 على التوالي للموسم الخريفي, في حين تفوق طور الازالة V8 في الموسم الربيعي واعطى متوسطا بلغ 1.36 و0.56 طن.ه - 1 للصفتين على التوالي . كذلك لوحظ زيادة نسبة الزيت كلما تاخر طور الازالة اذ اعطى الطور R5 اعلى متوسط لنسبة الزيت بلغ 46.38 و42.11% للموسمين الخريفي والربيعي على التوالي .اكدت النتائج وجود تاثير معنوي للتداخل بين العاملين في معظم الصفات وللموسمين, اذ اعطت التوليفة (ازالة 25% × طور (V12 اعلى متوسطين لحاصل البذور الكلي وحاصل الزيت بلغا 3.46 و1.61 طن.ه - 1 على التوالي للموسم الخريفي, في حين اعطت التوليفة (ازالة 25% × طور (V4 اعلى متوسطين بلغا 1.73 و0.72 طن.ه - 1 على التوالي للموسم الربيعي . وعن نسبة الزيت فقد اعطت التوليفة (المقارنة × طور (R1 اعلى متوسطين بلغا 47.50 و42.69 % للموسمين الخريفي والربيعي على التوالي | The experiment was condacted during two seasons (spring and autumn) within period 2012 - 2013 under filed condition Alwarka /Almuthana, to study the ability of sunflower crop on compensation loss yield of plant . The experiment was laid out in R .C. B . D design with three replicated, four percentages of plants were removel (0,25,50 and 75%) in five stage of plant growth : (V4=4 leave stage),(V8= 8 leave stege),(V12= 12 leave stage),(R1= bud stage and (R5= flowering stage) . The result showed the removal of plant significantly in increasing plant parameters growth (leave numbers, stem diameter, leave area and head diameter) and yield components (seed number, weight of 1000 seed, yield 0f single plant and harvesting index) for two season spring and automn, But the yield of 25% removal gave the highest seed yield (3.08 ton\h) the autumn season , while the control treatment gave significantly the highest seed yield (1.61 ton\ h) during spring season. Also the control treatment gave significantly the highest percentage of oil(47.2 and 42.54%) for autumn and spring respectively. The result also showed that the early removal of plant in the stage(V4,V8 and V12) significantly give more plant growth and yield specially V12 give the highest seed yield (2.53 and 1.18 ton \h) for autumn and spring respectively, in addition V8 stage give the highest oil yield (1.36 and 0.56 ton\h) for autumn and spring respectively, more over increased in the late stage (R5) Which give (46.38 and 42.12%) for autumn and spring respectively, The result revealed significantly interaction between some percentage of plant removal the interaction between (V4 x 25% plant removal) give significantly the highest seed yield and oil yield (3. 46 and 1. 61 ton\h) for autumn and spring respectively, and the interaction between (V4 x 25%plant remova) give significantly the highest seed yield and oil yield (1.73 and 0.72 ton\h) for autumn and spring respectively, and the interaction between (R1 x the control) give significantly oil percentage (47.50 and 42.59%) for the autumn and spring respectively

تاثير التسميد النيتروجيني والرش بمستخلص الثوم في النموالخضري وحاصل الزيت الطيار لنبات النعناع الفلفلي Mentha piperita L. وصفاته ومكوناته الكيميائية == Effect of Nitrogenous Fertilizer and Spraying Garlic Extract on Vegetative Growth, Quantity and Quality of the Essential Oil of Mentha piperita L. and its Chemical components

اسم المؤلف: قاسم عاجل شناوة الزيادي
اسم المشرف: ياس خضير عباس | يحيى كريدي جلاب
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - البستنة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: نفذت التجربة في محطة البحوث الزراعية / (منطقة ال بندر) التابعة لكلية الزراعة - جامعة المثنى - الواقعة على ضفاف نهر الفرات وتبعد مسافة 2 كم عن مركز مدينة السماوة للفترة 10/9 - 29/12/2012 بهدف دراسة تاثير التسميد النيتروجيني والرش بمستخلص الثوم في النمو الخضري وحاصل الزيت الطيار لنبات النعناع الفلفلي Mentha piperita L. وصفاته ومكوناته الكيميائية. وقد شملت التجربة ست عشرة معاملة هي عبارة عن التداخلات بين مستويات مختلفة من التسميد النتروجيني اضيفت على هيئة يوريا هي 0 و50 و100 و150 كغم N .هكتار - 1 والرش بمستخلص الثوم بتراكيزمختلفة هي 0 و2.5 و5 و7.5 مل.لتر - 1 رشت على المجموع الخضري للنباتات وبمعدل ثلاث رشات خلال موسم النمو . استخدم في تنفيذ التجربة التصميم العشوائي الكامل C.R.D وبثلاثة مكررات وقورنت المتوسطات حسب اختبار اقل فرق معنوي عند مستوى احتمال 0.05 ويمكن تلخيص النتائج بما ياتي : 1 - تفوقت النباتات المعاملة بمستوى 150 كغم N.هكتار - 1 معنويا في جميع صفات النمو الخضري المدروسة ارتفاع النبات وعدد الافرع الجانبية وعدد الاوراق الكلي والمساحة الورقية للنبات والوزنين الطري والجاف للمجموع الخضري ومحتوى الكلوروفيل في الاوراق والنسبة المئوية للنتروجين في الاوراق والنسبة المئوية للكاربوهيدرات الذائبة الكلية والتي بلغت31.08 سم و19.98 فرعوا 140.07 ورقة و700.35 سم2 و17.82 غم و2.47 غم و22.63مايكروغرام.سم2 و5.54 % و64.88 % , على التوالي . اوضحت النتائج الى ان النسبة المئوية للزيت الطيارالمستخلص وكميته قد تاثرتا بالتسميد النتروجيني المضاف اذ تفوقت النباتات المعاملة بـ 150كغم N .هكتار - 1 معنويا في النسبة المئوية للزيت الطيار وكميته وكانت 1.01% و20.91 لتر.هكتار - 1 على التوالي . وتفوقت النباتات المعاملة بالسماد النتروجيني بمستوى150 كغم N .هكتار - 1 معنويا في الصفات النوعية للزيت الطيار المدروسة (الوزن النوعي , كثافة الزيت., معامل الانكسار) والتي كانت 0.783 , 9137.0 ملغم.مايكروليتر - 1 , 1.46670 , على التوالي . 2 - اوضحت نتائج الدراسة ان لتراكيز الرش بمستخلص الثوم تاثير معنوي في صفات النمو الخضري اذ تفوقت النباتات المعاملة بتركيز 5 مل. لتر - 1 في ارتفاع النبات وعدد الاوراق الكلي .نبات - 1 والمساحة الورقية والوزنين الطري والجاف للمجموع الخضري والنسبة المئوية للنتروجين في الاوراق والتي بلغت 27.51سم و114.47 ورقة و572.38 سم2 و12.20 غم و1.75 غم و3.92% , على التوالي . بينما تفوقت النباتات المعاملة بالتركيز7.5 مل.لتر - 1 في عدد الافرع الجانبية.نبات - 1 ومحتوى الكلوروفيل في الاوراق والنسبة المئوية للكاربوهيدرات الذائبة الكلية والتي بلغت 16.18 فرعوا 19.06 مايكروغرام.سم2 و65.15 % على التوالي . وتفوقت النباتات المعاملة بمستخلص الثوم بتركيز 5 مل. لتر - 1 معنويا في نسبة الزيت الطيار وكميته وبلغا .0.91 % و14.72 لتر.هكتار - 1 على التوالي . 3 - اعطت التداخلات بين مستويات التسميد النتروجيني ورش تراكيز مستخلص الثوم زيادة معنوية في صفات النمو الخضري , اذ تفوقت النباتات المعاملة بــــ 150 كغم N .هكتار - 1 ومستخلص الثوم بتركيز 5 مل. لتر - 1 معنويا في جميع صفات النمو الخضري المدروسة . اظهر التداخل بين التسميد النتروجيني والرش بمستخلص الثوم تاثيرا معنويا في النسبة المئوية للزيت الطيار وكميته اذ اعطى التداخل المستوى السمادي 150 كغم N .هكتار - 1 ومستخلص الثوم بتركيز5 مل. لتر - 1 اعلى القيم في تلك الصفتين . 4 - بينت نتائج التحليل الكروموتوغرافي للزيت الطيار المستخلص من اوراق النبات لتحديد المركبات الفعالة ان النباتات المعاملة بمستوى التسميد النتروجيني 150 كغم N .هكتار - 1 مع الرش بمستخلص الثوم بتركيز 5 مل. لتر - 1 قداعطت اعلى نسب من مركبات المنثول menthol والمنثون mnthon والليمونين limonene بلغت 39.41% و21.87% و6.51% على التوالي . | This experiment was conducted at the Experimental Researches Station at All - Bender area, College of Agriculture - Al - Muthanna University from 10/9 - 29/12/2012. The aim was to study the effect of nitrogenous fertilizer and garlic extract on vegetative growth , quantity and quality of essential oil of Mentha piperita L .The experiment included 16 factorial treatment which is the interaction treatments between four different rates of nitrogenous fertilizer in the farm of urea 0 , 50 , 100 and 150 Kg N.ha - 1 and garlic extract at different concentration 0.0 , 2.5 , 5.0 and 7.5 ml. L - 1 on vegetative growth plants were sprayed three times during the experiment period . Complete Randomized Design was used with three replicates .The means were compared using Least Significant Differences ( LSD ) at probability of 0.05. Results can summarized as follows : 1 - Plants treated with (150 Kg N.ha - 1) showed to be superior in all vegetative growth characteristics : plant height , branches number , leaves number, leaves area, fresh and dry weight of vegetative growth, leaf content of total chlorophyll, leaf contents of nitrogen leaf contents of carbohydrate reaching (31.08 cm , 19.98 branch.plant - 1 , 140.07 leaf.plant - 1 , 700.35 cm2.plant - 1 , 17.82g.plant - 1 , 2.47g.plant - 1 , 22.63µg.cm2, 5.54% and 64.88%) respectively. The results showed that the rate of nitrogenous fertilizer (150 Kg N.ha - 1) gave the highest value of essential oil percentage and essential oil yield (1.01%) , (20.91 L.ha - 1) respectively. The results revealed that treatment of nitrogenous fertilizer (150 Kg N.ha - 1) gave the highest value of physical characteristics of essential oil : specific gravity (0.783) , relative density (0.9137 mg.ML - 1) , refractive index (1.46670). 2 - The results of study showed that garlic extract spray has a significant effect on vegetative growth characteristics , concentration of ( 5ml. L - 1) which produced the highest values of vegetative growth characteristics : plant height, leaves number, leaves area, fresh and dry weight of vegetative growth, leaf contents of nitrogen reaching (27.51cm , 114.47.leaf - 1 ,572.38 cm2.plant - 1 , 12.20g.plant - 1, 1.75g.plant - 1 and 3.92%) respectively. while concentration of garlic extract (7.5 ml.L - 1 ) gave the highest value of branches number, leaf content of total chlorophyll , leaf contents of carbohydrate reaching (16.18 branch.plant - 1 , 19.06µg.cm2 and 65.15%) respectively. The concentration (5 ml. L - 1) of garlic extract gave the highest means of essential oil percentage (0.91%) and essential oil yield (14.72 L.ha - 1). 3 - The results of the interaction effect between nitrogenous fertilizer and garlic extract spray revealed that there was an increase in the vegetative growth characteristics, the interaction of rate of nitrogenous fertilizer (150 Kg N.ha - 1) with concentration of (5ml. L - 1) gave the highest means of all vegetative growth characteristics. Interaction between rates of nitrogenous fertilizer (150 Kg N.ha - 1) and (5 ml .L - 1) garlic extract spray produced the highest means of content and yield of essential oil. 4 - Results of Chromatographic analysis of essential oil extracted from the leaves, revealed Interaction of rate of nitrogenous fertilizer (150 Kg N.ha - 1) with (5ml.L - 1) garlic extract gave the highest means of qualities compounds, menthol , menthone and limonene ( 39.41% , 21.87% , 6.51% ) respectively
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