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صناعة الغوص : الغوص وراء اللؤلؤ في الساحل العماني (1820 - 1929) : دراسة تاريخية == The Industry Of Diving : Diving For The Sake Of Pearls In The Omani Shore ( 1820 - 1929) A Historical Study
Author name:
محمد حموز لفتة الحجيمي
Supervisor name:
حسين كامل جابر الشاهر
General topic:
History
Specific topic:
Modern and Contemporary History
Degree:
Master
University:
Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Muthanna
First pages:
11T2862 - p.pdf
Abstract:
Many researchers and historians have studied the history of the Arab Gulf in general and the history of the Omani Shore ( The United Arab Emirates ) in special , but they in their study concentrate on the political aspects especially in recent times because of the appearance of oil and the area has entered a new stage with the European compete , Many of these political and social aspects need further study and inspection especially in the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century especially if they are studied each alone. This was the motivation to choose this subject. The industry of diving ( Diving for the sake of Pearls in the Omani Shore 1820 - 1929 ) , in this stage , many economical and political changes had taken place in this part of the Arab Gulf , The Emirates of the Omani Shore. The study has specified the period of ( 1820 - 1929 ) because the first date represented the agreement between Britain and the Emirates of the Omani Shore and its arrangements as the observance of quietness and stableness , also Britain had imposed its control on the economical activity of Arabs which is represented by trade because it tied the movement of their trade fleets by inspection once and by observance second , also Arabs were prevented from building big trade ships. As a result , people of the Omani Shore had to depend on another economical activities for the sake of living , so they turns to diving for the sake of pearls because it is the most important economical activity after trade. This thesis contained an introduction , a preface of the subject , four chapters and a conclusion. In the preface , the researcher has explained the importance of pearls in the economy of the Arab Gulf in general and showed its role in directing the European forces to control it because of its great role in the economy of the people of the Arab Gulf reaching the beginning of period of the research. The first chapter had studied the basic elements of diving for the sake of pearls , the researcher studied the natural , social and economical elements and showed its role in diving because of its clear effect on the activity of people. Also the researcher studied the industry of ships and their kinds because of their relation with the process of diving , in addition to the labors because they are the vital role in the industry of diving in addition to the industry of diving tools because they are the main way to achieve the work. The second chapter studied the process of taking pearls out in the Omani Shore. In it , the researcher studied the organizing and using pearls submarines and the other preparations for diving in addition to the financing of the diving voyage because it depends on the borrowed capital and specifying the diving seasons because of the period of time in which the sailors move to the submarines also the risks which face the divers and the dividing of the interests on the staff of the diving ship and the social effects of diving because it represents a conflict between Man and the environment around him. The third chapter studied the trade of pearls. The researcher discussed the development of the trade in the Arab Gulf and its reflects on the Omani Shore , also the markets of pearls were discussed because they are the last stage to achieve the work of the sailors to get benefits. The researcher talked about the merchants who are working in pearls trade whether Arabs or foreigners and their role and abilities in trade were clarified. The effect of trade on the social life also the researcher tried to give a clear picture of the economical value of pearls and their effect on the economical side. The fourth chapter discussed the political issues concerning the pearls submarines and their effects on the social and economical life. The tribal conflicts were discussed especially the conflict between Bany Yas and Al - Quasim which had a clear effect on the economical life , in addition to the escape of divers and clarifying its effect in making troubles among the Emirates. Also the political international issues concerning the pearls and the opinion of Britain of them because it is responsible of the security of the Emirates of the Omani Shore by holding the agreements and Al - Mania was the most important one , in addition to the depression of pearls trade explaining the most important reasons of it. The study had showed that the people of the Omani Shore who are working in diving for the sake of pearls were characterized with patience , courage and facing difficulties , and the diving system depends on indebtedness. This thing made merchants exploit divers by lending them money with a great interest which they couldn’t pay in the season of diving. Also this study had showed the importance of the location of the Omani Shore because it made its harbors as markets and trade centers and the ships came to it from different places. The European travelers had showed during their visits for these harbors the trading importance and this was a reason to attract the attention of the European forces. The rulers of the Omani Shore had depended during their reign on their personalities and fortunes whom they got from taxes imposed on the divers , sailors and diving ships in addition to financing the diving voyage. They had a great role in developing their Emirates and strengthen the economical activity throughout the trading prerogative and because of this fact , Dubai had appeared as the biggest trading harbor on the shore after the weakness of Al - Shariqa harbor and the disappearance of Lanja harbor. This study had showed also the foreign merchants had controlled the local markets especially the Indian and Persian merchants as they were controlling the prices of the pearls and the Sheiks did nothing to prevent them. On the contrary , they had gained prerogatives from those Sheiks and this was the reason why they directly controlled the economy of the shore and this leads to the deprivation of many of the people from working. Because of the importance of diving for the sake of pearls and its effects on the economy of the Omani Shore , people agreed to stop the military operations for four months during the big season of diving.
Summary:
11T2862 - A.pdf
