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الفضاء الشعري عند العرجي (ت 120هـ) == A thousand Jewish people believe When General Raji (T 120 e)

اسم المؤلف: نور عبد الستار عباس ابراهيم
اسم المشرف: امل عبد الجبار كريم الشرع
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الادب
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الحمد لله رب العالمين، وخالق الانسان، ومعلمه البيان والصلاة والسلام على نبيه محمد(صلى الله عليه وعلى ال محمد وصحبه اجمعين) وبعد.. ان مفهوم الفضاء الشعري واحد من اهم المفردات التي دار حولها خلاف في تحديد مفهومه ،وقلت الدراسات التي تختص به في شعر الشعراء مقارنة بالدراسات التي تهتم بالرواية فمن اجل ذلك قمت بدراسة الفضاء في شعر العرجي الذي قلت الدراسات التي تناولته فلست ازعم اني اول من تناول العرجي بالدراسة فهناك رسالة (سرى سليم عبد الشهيد المعمار)(البناء الفني للعرجي) فهي وواضح من عنوانها دراسة فنية وسبقتها دراسة رافعة سعيد السراج التي اختصت بدراسة العرجي من زاوية حياته وعصره فقط، لكني اقول باني اول من درس الفضاء عند هذا الشاعر الاموي ،فهو قد انماز بفضاء جميل من الامكنة والازمنة التي تفرد بها وان كان في بعض المواضع سار على نهج سابقيه لكنه اضفى عليها من شخصيته واسلوبه الذي تفرد به، دراستي لم تخل من الصعوبات لكنها لم تكن كبيرة فمن بين تلك الصعوبات هي ترددي في اختيار المنهج الذي اعتمد عليه في التحليل لكن استقر تفكيري على ان اقوم بدراسة هذا الموضع على وفق المنهج الوصفي التحليلي. جاءت هذه الدراسة في ثلاثة فصول،فالفصل الاول يختص بفضاء الشعري الزماني فقد انقسم هذا الفصل على مبحثين تناول المبحث الاول الفضاء الزماني في المنظور النقدي،والمبحث الثاني تناول الفضاء الشعري الزماني بعدا جماليا،اما الفصل الثاني فاختص بدراسة فضاء الشعري المكاني وانقسم على ثلاثة مباحث تناول المبحث الاول الفضاء المكاني في المنظور النقدي ،اما المبحث الثاني فتناول الفضاء الشعري المكاني بعدا جماليا ،اما المبحث الثالث فتناول البعد النفسي للمكان ،اما الفصل الثالث فاختص بدراسة التشكيل الفني للفضاء هاجس الزمن نموذجا ويشمل الظعن ، الطلل ، السجن ، المراة وختم البحث بقائمة باهم النتائج التي توصلت اليها وقائمة بالمصادر والمراجع ومخلص للبحث، واخيرا اتقدم بالشكر الجزيل والثناء الجميل الى استاذي المشرفة (دـ امل عبدالجبار الشرع) واخر دعوانا ان الحمد لله رب العالمين | Praise be to Allah and peace and blessings be upon the Prophet Muhammad (peace be on Muhammad and companions) and. ..The concept of poetic space is one of the most important vocabulary that House disputed in the conceptualization and differed in defining what is included mtkhts time without place? or a place without time? it proliferated on it and each supports the view argument or evidence, this problem started in the novel by the hair, and then began studies on the study of the poetic space.The main reason that prompted me to choose this topic further study is to prove that the poetic space not limited on time without a place or location without time it includes Monday and extend to include vision and motivation that made me choose alarjie group and single him in this study because the poet say studies haven't addressed the study singled out space when this poet, only letter (Sri Salim Abdul Shahid architecture) (technical construction llargi) are clearly entitled technical study and the earlier study said Sarraj whose specialized crane Study of alarjie group in terms of his life and his times only, in order to point out that the alarjie group as other poets the RPR in a beautiful space, places and times that their uniqueness, though in some places went to approach of his predecessors but he gave it a personality and style of the uniqueness and for this and that I wanted to do this study.My education was not without difficulties but not large among those difficulties are choosing the frequency approach adopted in the analysis but settled thinking I study here the descriptive analytical but it comes out in some few places linked to the semiotic and reason back to the researcher who saw the need for diversity in order to get better vision.This study came in four chapters, the first chapter in the time it has split this chapter three detectives first episode dealt with the concept of time in terms of linguistic and philosophical, religious, and section II dealt with dual time and includes two night and day and bi - past, present and fertile and arid binary, either section III specialized study method is the accessor and the anticipation and narrative styleChapter II dealt with the study of the image has divided the two sections address the first spatial image of Islam to the Hijaz and the image of women in society, either section II dealt with the spatial image of nature, both silent and animated and color picture.Chapter specialized study place has split into three detectives first episode dealt with the concept of place of linguistic and philosophical and literary cash, either section addressed the types of place I gave up studying two types of pet place (House) and place Maadi (prison) either section II dealt with the aesthetic dimension of space (capillary altelal) and psychological dimension of the place (alienation), chapter IV dealt with the study of revelation has divided the two sections deal with the first episode of natural vision included see altelal and see the animal and rational vision of either section II dealing with frivolous and political vision Human vision and the two see each other and seeing, and seal with a list of the most important findings and a list of sources and references and dedicated to research

جدل العام والخاص في شعر رشدي العامل == THE ARGUMENT OF THE GENERAL AND THE PARTICULAR IN RUSHDI AL - AMEL'S POETRY

اسم المؤلف: راسم احمد عبيس الجرياوي
اسم المشرف: علي ابراهيم محمد الزرقاني
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الادب
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: فقد حظي المنجز الشعري للجيل الخمسيني في العراق باهتمام بالغ وعناية فائقة وحفاوة كبيرة من النقاد والدارسين والباحثين المختصين بالشان الادبي بوصفه علامة فارقة وسمة بارزة ومميزة للحياة الادبية في العراق في تلك الحقبة التاريخية المهمة، لما انماز به ذلك النتاج من مواصفات موضوعية وتقنيات فنية وسمات اسلوبية حتمت على النقاد ان يقفوا امامه بالاجلال والاحترام والاعجاب والانبهار والانكباب عليه دراسة على نحو الوصف العام السطحي تارة او القراءة الفاحصة والتذوق المتاني والغوص في ابعاده الفنية العميقة تارة اخرى، ومن ثم مقاربتها في ضوء المناهج النقدية الحديثة المختلفة، فضلا عن استيفائها للمحاكمة والمساءلة في اطار المقولات الفلسفية والتصورات المعرفية الحديثة. وارتكازا على ذلك فان اختيارنا للمقولة الفلسفية (جدل العام والخاص) ليس من باب البذخ الثقافي او التبطر المعرفي او الثراء الفكري، وانما ينبعث من الواقع الجديد ورهاناته ومعطياته، وضرورة التعاطي الجاد مع حاجاته والاستجابة الواعية لمتطلباته في محاولة منا لمواكبة عجلة التطور في ميدان البحث العلمي التي تحتم علينا تحديث منظومتنا المعرفية والثقافية لتنسجم مع ممارساتنا المعرفية.وقد شابت الدراسات السابقة للشعراء العراقيين توجهات ايديولوجية بالدرجة الاساس، ايديولوجية بوصفها العام التي لا تتصل بتوجه سياسي اذ توزعت بين انتقاء الشعراء المدروسين، وانتقاء الطريقة التي يتناولون بها شعرهم. ولقد خسر اولئك الشعراء الذين تبنوا توجهات غير ايديولوجية جماعية وايديولوجية في ان، ومنهم الشاعر (رشدي العامل) الذي تبنى في شعره ايديولوجية جماعية وايديولوجية شخصية، اما العامة فقد تجلت بتوجه وطني وما يعج به من ارهاصات، واما الشخصية تجلت بقصائده التي خص بها زوجته وابنه بوصفه منتميا للحب في هذا السياق. ويبدو ان الدراسات السابقة لم تستطع مراعاة هذا التشابك بين الخاص في شعر رشدي العامل والعام فيه، اذ كانت تشدد على الخاص تارة وعلى العام تارة اخرى. والحق لا يمكن لايما دراسة ان تصل الى نتائج دقيقة من دون ان تراعي هذا التشابك بين جدل العام والخاص في شعره. ويعد رشدي العامل واحدا من الشعراء الخمسينيين الذين عاصروا جيلين اولهما : جيل السياب، وثانيهما : الجيل الستيني، وهذا التعاصر بين الجيلين اعطى لرشدي العامل ثقافة واسعة واكتراثا شعريا كبيرا، ولكن على الرغم من وقوعه بين جيلين الا انه بقي يعاني الاهمال والتجاهل ويرزح تحت وطاة النسيان وعدم الاكتراث ويئن من شدة الغبن والظليمة ولم تسلط عليه الاضواء كما سلطت على الشعراء الرواد والاجيال التي تلتهم، الامر الذي دعا بعض النقاد الى اطلاق تسمية (الجيل الضائع) عليهم من مثل (سعدي يوسف، وحسين مردان، ويوسف الصائغ، ومحمود بريكان، والفريد سمعان... وغيرهم)، وهذا الضياع دعاني الى تعقب شعر رشدي العامل وانارته واظهار سر جماله، ومن هنا تاتي اهمية الموضوع، يزاد على ذلك هو ان رشدي العامل لم يكن معروفا عند الكثير من الباحثين، وهذا ما زادني اصرارا وحرصا على ابراز شعره ودراسته، حتى انني لم اكن اعرفه الا بعد ان طرحه علي استاذي المشرف، فقد ذهبت وبحثت عنه لاتعرف عليه وعلى شعره فوجدته شاعرا عراقيا مبرزا حتى ان بعض النقاد يعده من الشعراء الرواد، وقد عاش حقبة ثقافية مزدهرة، وقد عثرت على ثماني مجاميع شعرية له، فضلا عن قصائد متفرقة لم تنشر لا في المجاميع الشعرية ولا في المجموعة الشعرية الكاملة التي طبعتها (دار المدى)، وكانت مبثوثة في الصحف والمجلات فضلا عن امتلاكه كتابات نقدية كانت مبثوثة في الصحف القديمة، وهذا الامر اعطاني حافزا وشجعني على لمس مواطن الايجاب والسلب في شعره، اما السبب الاخر هو قلة الدراسات التي تناولت شعره بالتعقيب والدراسة مقارنة باقرانه؛ لان اغلب الذين يدرسون الحقبة الخمسينية يركزون على الشعراء الرواد، ومن ثم ينتقلون الى الشعر الستيني، اما جيل العامل فلم يلتفت اليه الا قلة وهذه القلة لم تركز على شعره ولكنها تنظر اليه نظرة عابرة خاطفة، عدا ثلاث رسائل درست شعر الشاعر وكان فيها جهد يحمد، كانت الاولى (شعر رشدي العامل دراسة لغوية)، والثانية (الرومانسية في شعر رشدي العامل)، اما الثالثة (نحت في ضباب، شاعرية رشدي العامل).اما موضوعنا فتكمن الصعوبة فيه؛ لاني لم اجد رسالة او اطروحة او كتابا يدرس (جدل العام والخاص) وهذا جعلني الاقي صعوبات جمة، فضلا عن قلة المصادر التي تناولت رشدي العامل ما عدا اشارات مبثوثة في بعض المصادر، اما الصعوبة الاخرى فتكمن في كتابات العامل وكتابات النقاد الذين تعقبوا شعره بالدرس والتحليل، وتكمن صعوبة تلك الدراسات والكتابات في انها منشورة في الصحف القديمة في السبعينيات والثمانينيات فضلا عن مطلع التسعينيات، وهذه الصحف لم اعثر عليها الا بعد عناء وجهد كبيرين. اما المنهج الذي اعتمدته في دراستي فهو المنهج التحليلي الذي يعتمد على تحليل النصوص وابراز ما فيها من جودة وجمالية، فضلا عن المنهج التاريخي والنفسي لما لهما من اثر في اظهار فنية الشاعر. وقد اشتملت الدراسة على اربعة فصول مسبوقة بمقدمة وتمهيد ومنتهية بخاتمة تضمنت اهم ما توصلت اليه من نتائج وقائمة بمصادر البحث ومراجعه. اختص التمهيد ببيان مفهوم الجدل لغة واصطلاحا واراء الفلاسفة والكتاب فيه فضلا عن تعقب تطور الجدل في العصور الادبية. وبين ايضا مفهوم العام والخاص لغة واصطلاحا واراء الفلاسفة والنقاد فيه، مردوفا بتاسيس نظري جمالي لمفهوم العام والخاص. اما الفصل الاول فكان بعنوان (العام والخاص في الموضوع الوطني في شعر رشدي العامل) وقد ضم توطئة بينت فيها نبذة عن الوطن ومفهومه وكيف تطور عبر العصور وكيف كان يطلق عليه قديما. وقد ضم ثلاثة مباحث، الاول : الثورة، والثاني : الغربة، والثالث : السجن والظلم. وجاء الفصل الثاني بعنوان (العام والخاص في رومانسية رشدي العامل الشعرية) وتضمن ثلاثة مباحث، الاول : الحزن في شعره، والثاني : الحب، والثالث : الطبيعة.وكان الفصل الثالث بعنوان (العام والخاص في حضور المراة في شعر رشدي العامل) وقد اشتمل على مبحثين : المبحث الاول : المراة الحقيقية ضمن ثلاثة محاور : ا - المراة الزوجة.ب - المراة الام.ج - المراة الحبيبة. والثاني تناولت فيه المراة الرمز. اما الفصل الرابع والاخير فكان بعنوان (العام والخاص في توظيف التراث في شعر رشدي العامل) وقد اشتمل على توطئة بينت فيها مفهوم التراث وماهيته عند الشعراء، ومن ثم قسمته الى ثلاثة مباحث، كان الاول بعنوان (مرجعية التراث الديني)، وتضمن كل ما له علاقة بالدين من مثل القران الكريم والحديث النبوي الشريف واهل البيت (عليهم السلام) والصحابة، والمبحث الثاني فكان بعنوان (مرجعية التراث الاسطوري)، اما الثالث فكان بعنوان (مرجعية التراث الادبي). ولا ادع قلمي يفارق يدي حتى اذكر باعتزاز كبير استاذي المشرف الاستاذ الدكتور علي ابراهيم محمد الذي قوم بدقته وملاحظاته هذا العمل، باذلا في سبيل ذلك وقتا وجهدا طيبين، فاسال الله ان يجزيه عني افضل الجزاء.واخر دعوانا ان الحمد لله رب العالمين، والصلاة والسلام على النبي الهادي الامين واله الطاهرين | Each historical stage and era has its own cultural discourse which suits its proposals, cognitive tools which cope with its bets and achievements, and logic which suits its orientations. A good proof of this established eternal fact that is deeply rooted in the human mental frame is examining the innovative texts by using new philosophical ideas and modern literary criticism tools which prevail our culture.Development, modernization and renewal are characteristics of life in all its aspects and fields. Thus, all the aspects of life, whether material or morale, are subject to this eternal inevitability and are governed by this omnipotent logic. Therefore, the inquest of innovative texts by using modern philosophical ideas and criticism tools has become an urgent need and necessity which neither represents one of the forms of inevitability that no one can escape its fangs and grip nor avoid its dominion.Depending on what has been mentioned earlier, the researcher's choice of the philosophical (the Argument of the General the Specific) is not a kind of cultural splendor. Instead, this choice has been motivated by the new life or reality in all its bets, the necessity of the serious treatment of its needs, and conscious response to its demands in an attempt to cope with the wheel of development in the field of scientific research which necessitates the modernization of our cultural and cognitive systems to match our new pursuits.Rushdi AL - Amel is one of the poets of the fifties who are contemporary to two generations of poets : the generation of the pioneers and the generation of the sixties. This has given him wide education and great interest in poetry. However, unlike the pioneers and the following generations, AL - Amwl has remained unknown and the lights have not been shed on him. For this reason, some critics call AL - Amel and other poets like Sa'diYousuf, Hussein Marwan, Yousuf Al - Sa'gh, Mahmoud Braykan and others "the lost generation." It is this loss that makes the researcher follow Al - Amel's poetry to shed light on it and highlight its beauty. In brief, the reason behind choosing this topic is that researchers, the cultured and even the specialists do not know Rushdi AL - Amel. In fact, researcher himself didn't know about AL - Amel before suggesting the topic by Prof. Dr. Ali Ibraheem and Prof. Dr. HasanDakheel Al - Ta'i. As for which is based on analyzing texts in addition to the historical and psychological method which are necessary for showing the techniques used by the poet.The study has been divided into four chapters preceded by a preface and introduction and ended by the conclusions.In the preface, the researcher explains the linguistic and technical meanings of the concept of argumentation, and follows the development of argument in literature. In addition to this, the linguistic and technical meanings of the concepts of the general and the particular, the opinions of philosophers and critics have also been tackled. The first chapter is entitled (The General and the particular in the topic in Rushdi AL - Amel's poetry) includes a preamble and three sections : the first is specified to the Revolution in AL - Amel's poetry; the second is about alienation while the third is about imprisonment in Rushdi's poetry.The second chapter is entitled (The General and the Particular in Rushdi AL - Amel's Romantic Poetry). It includes three sections. The first is about sadness, the second is about love while the third is about the nature. The third chapter which is entitled (the General and the particular in the presence of the woman in Rushdi AL - Amel's Poetry) is divided into two sections : the first section is about the true woman and it includes three axes : a. the wife b. the mother c. the beloved. On the other hand, the second section is concerned with the symbol of the woman.As far as the last chapter is concerned, it is entitled (the General and the Particular in the Employment of the Heritage in Rushdi AL - Amel's Poetry). It is composed of three sections : the first is about religious heritage, the second section is concerned with the legendary heritage while the last deals with the literary heritage.Finally, the study has come up with the following findings : 1. Argument is the dispute between two issues so that each person tries to defend the issue which he or she adopts by strong evidence.2. In the era of evolution, the argument has disappeared and the word (logic) has been used instead of it. But philosopher Kent has brought it to life again with an additional meaning.3. The general and the Particular are present in every phenomenon and they are strongly related to each other to the extent that the general cannot be known without studying a large number of particular instances.4. Rushdi AL - Amel is one of the poets who love their country very much because of the injustice and the oppression which he has been subject to.5. Most of poetry which deals with alienation is concerned with internal alienation which governs the general external.6. The poet's experiment in prison has given him poetic richness and provided him with a chance of meditation and mental motivation.7. AL - Amel's romantic is near to realism and pun at the same time.8. Love in AL - Amel's poetry is not for the beloved. It is symbolic love for the country and childhood. It is spiritual love and not physical.9. It is found that the poet's relation with the "wife" woman is personal and not general.10. The "beloved" woman has been given greater attention in Rushdi AL - Amel's poetry than the other aspects. 11. Rushdi AL - Amel tries earnestly to make use of the poetic heritage from different generations, as well as making use of western poetry.12. It is found that AL - Amel has drawn from others and tried to modulate what he draws to serve the context of his own ideas

المنابع الثقافية للشعر العربي في القرنين الثاني والثالث الهجريين == Cultural Sources for Arabic poetry In the second and third centuries AD

اسم المؤلف: سعد علي جعفر المرعب
اسم المشرف: عباس محمد رضا حسن البياتي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: وفي خضم المعطيات الثقافية المؤثرة والمتاثرة بالبيئة الزمانية والمكانية نجد المضامين الثقافية للشاعر تظهر في دلالات النص المنتج , فالادب عامة والشعر خاصة منجز من منجزات الثقافة ومعطى من معطياتها المعرفية والذهنية . فحسن اختيار المعارف التي ترفد ثقافة الشاعر لا تؤدي دورا في حسن استعمال الالفاظ وجودة اختيار المعاني فحسب بل تعطي للمنتج رؤى واسعة في استيعاب مدركات الحياة ومعطياتها والتعبير عنها , فالتجربة الشعرية هي نتاج للثقافة المكونة من الشعور والفكر . تاتي اهمية دراسة المنابع الثقافية في كونها توضح المؤثرات الفكرية والقيمية في الاتجاهات العامة للمجتمع والاتجاهات الخاصة للشعراء المتاثرة بظروف النشاة والفكر والثقافة والمذهب على حد سواء فتاثر الشاعر ببيئة ما يكون المنبع الذي يؤثر في العمل الفني على حسب استيعابه لمؤثرات ذلك المنبع , فالشعر نشاط فكري معقد يوظف المنابع الثقافية في اخراج منجزه الادبي معتمدا في استيعابها على عقلية الشاعر ومدى استجابته للمنابع الثقافية , فيكون الشاعر متعاملا مع البؤر الثقافية المحركة للحياة بشكل مستمر موظفا دلالات الالفاظ في التعبير عن نوع المنبع او المنابع التي ينتمي لها , فتاتي اهمية المنابع الثقافية في عدها محفظة ارشيفية يجد فيها الفرد الشرح الوافي لسلوكه وفكره الذي هو جزء من السلوك والفكر الجمعي لمجتمع ما في عصر بعينه . تم اختيار موضوع اطروحتي (المنابع الثقافية للشعر العربي في القرنيين الثاني والثالث الهجريين) فكانت المدة الزمنية لهذا البحث تعتمد مع التقسيم السياسي في سقوط دولة ما وقيام دولة اخرى على التقسيم الفني لان دراسة التطور الادبي لايمكن ان يكون ظاهرة فجائية تقترن بتغير نوع الحكم وبمجيء دولة وذهاب اخرى بل يتمدد العصر الادبي بعضه على بعض الاخر . فلقد بدا في القرن الثاني على اساس بدء حدوث تطور شعري جديد نتيجة المتغيرات الخطيرة والعميقة الاثر التي جدت في حياة الجماعة الاسلامية فكان الهدف المركزي معرفة مدى تقبل شعراء كل عصر لانواع الثقافة الموروثة والاسلامية والمستجدة ومدى تاثيرها بالمنجز الشعري لدى كل منهم , فلكل عصر خصوصيته النقدية التي تجعلنا نتساءل عن مدى تاثر الدور الثالث والاخير من العصر الاموي بالثقافة المستجدة ومدى ميله الى الثقافة الموروثة وانكفائه عليها وتمثله للثقافة الاسلامية مع ملاحظة طريقة التوظيف الفني والبناء الشعري والصياغة الاسلوبية , ثم نتساءل عن العصر العباسي الاول ومدى تمثل الشعراء المخضرمين الذين عاشوا في عصر الدولة الاموية وادركوا الدولة العباسية والمولدين المنابع الثقافية حيث الحضارة والثراء والترجمة والمذاهب الفكرية والفلسفية والفرق السياسية مع انقسامهم ايضا الى شعراء الطبع والالتزام بعمود الشعر وشعراء الصنعة واستعمال الافكار العميقة والصنعة الفنية والبلاغية ومعرفة مدى تمثلهم لانواع الثقافة وكيفية التعبير عنها والمقارنة مع شعراء العصر العباسي الثاني حيث الانفتاح الكبير في الحضارة والثراء والترف والاتجاهات الفلسفية ومعرفة مدى تاثرهم بانواع الثقافة وكيفية تمثلهم لها وطريقة التعبير عن الثقافة المستجدة والناي عن الثقافة الموروثة والاسلامية ومعرفة شعراء كل عصر الذين مثلوا اتجاها في تمثلهم لمنبع ما او اكثر . اما منهج البحث في الاطروحة فكان المنهج الوصفي التحليلي ليتناسب مع المنابع الثقافية وتطبيقها على الاغراض الشعرية عاقدا موازنة بين شعراء البادية والحجاز في العصر الاموي وشعراء الطبع والصنعة في العصر العباسي الاول وشعراء الصورة في العصر العباسي الثاني معتمدا استخدام المنبع على الاغراض الشعرية في كل العصور متناولا الشعراء اصحاب الدواوين . ومن المصاعب التي واجهت البحث هو البحث عن الشعراء الذين يدخلون تاريخيا وفنيا ضمن مرحلة البحث فكان يجب علي الرجوع الى كتب التراجم والاعلام والسير للتاكد من الشاعر والمعلومات التاريخية التي تخصه فكان نتاج هذا العمل الشاق ماتكون لدي في الملحق الاول من تراجم الشعراء مع ذكر المصادر التي يرجع فيها لكل منهم, ثم واجهت البحث مشكلة الحصول على الدواوين الشعرية للشعراء والبحث عن مظانها ووضعها بين دفتي البحث فضلا عن المشكلة العويصة التي واجهت الجانب البحثي في تقسيم الشعراء لانه من الخطا وضع حدود فاصلة دقيقة بين العصر الاموي والعصر العباسي الاول والثاني تعود لاسباب هي طول المدة الزمنية التي بقي بها الشاعر على قيد الحياة فضلا على انه ابعد مايكون عن الصحة وضع حدود فاصلة تماما بين العصور وعلى الاخص من الناحيتين الاجتماعية والعقلية , وعليه فاني تعاملت مع شعراء العصر الاموي والعصر العباسي الثاني بالرجوع الى مناسبة القصيدة او الشخص الذي قيلت فيه لمعرفة دخولها ضمن مدة البحث من عدمه , هذا فضلا عن السيرورة والشهرة الادبية له في عصر ما ومعاصرته لمجموعة من الشعراء وتفاعله معهم ايجابا او سلبا واسلوبه الادبي المختص بعصر بعينه فكل هذه المعطيات تعتمد في عده ضمن مدة بعينها . وهذه الدراسة حلقة من سلسلة دراسات وبحوث اكاديمية سبقتها ومن اهمها على سبيل المثال لا الحصر : - 1. الشعر والتاريخ : د . نوري حمودي القيسي (كتاب). 2. المنابع الثقافية الاولى للشاعر الجاهلي : د . عادل البياتي (بحث). 3. عناصر الوحدة الثقافية في الشعر العربي ماقبل الاسلام : د . محمود عبد الله الجادر (بحث). 4. المنابع الثقافية للشعر العربي قبل الاسلام : مزاحم علي(رسالة). 5. المنابع الثقافية للشعر العربي في عصر صدر الاسلام والعصر الاموي : د . عباس محمد رضا (اطروحة) . 6. ابو تمام ثقافته من خلال شعره : د . ابتسام مرهون الصفار (كتاب). 7. ثقافة المتنبي واثرها في شعره : د . هدى الارنؤوطي (كتاب). 8. اثر التراث في الشعر العراقي الحديث : علي حداد (كتاب). 9. المرجعيات الثقافية الموروثة في الشعر الاندلسي عصري الطوائف والمرابطين : حسين مجيد الحصونة (اطروحة). 10 . التراث في شعر المحدثين : عدنان كاظم مهدي(اطروحة) . وقد تشكل الهيكل النظري للاطروحة من مقدمة وتمهيد اوضحت فيه الثقافة لغة واصطلاحا , واثر الثقافة في الشعر , ثم قسم الموضوع الى ثلاثة فصول فكان الفصل الاول الثقافة الموروثة فاشتمل على توطئة واربعة مباحث هي الموروث الشعبي والثقافة التاريخية والثقافة القيمية الاجتماعية وثقافة الامثال , ولقد تعمدت اغفال الشعر بصفته موردا للثقافة الموروثة لانه سيدخل البحث في باب التناص وهو بحث يختلف عن موضوع البحث ببيان الاصول والمنابع الاولى للثقافة لكونها ابعد من الشعر , اما الفصل الثاني فاشتمل على توطئة وثلاثة مباحث هي ثقافة الاقتباس القراني , الثقافة العبادية والعقائدية , وثقافة القصص القراني , اما الفصل الثالث الثقافة المستجدة , فاشتمل على توطئة ومبحثين هما الثقافة السياسية والعقلية , ثقافة القيم والمعارف الاجتماعية الجديدة واخيرا اشكر الاستاذ الدكتور عباس محمد رضا المشرف على هذه الاطروحة الذي لولاه لما خرجت هذه الاطروحة بالهيئة التي وصلت اليها | The culture represents the intellectual side of individuals and communities alike, but is the basis of human thought in the production and development of creativity, and then determine the culture identity of the community in the dimensions of the physical and moral culture of a society is the source of values and actions of individuals belonging to him and through him can be understood and taught. In the midst of cultural data affecting the environment and affected the temporal and spatial find cultural contents of the poet reflected on the implications of the text and its impact product technical literature has in general and poetry in particular accomplishment of the achievements of the culture. We have chosen the subject of this thesis (Headwaters cultural Arabic poetry in the second and third centuries Alahjrien) Thus, this period of time dependent with political division in the fall of a State and the other on the division of technical, Regarding the research methodology in the thesis was a descriptive analytical approach statistical commensurate headwaters with cultural and applied to the purposes of poetry. This study is an episode of a series of studies and academic research before it, may pose a theoretical structure of the thesis of an introduction and then smooth the theme section into three chapters, Was the first chapter inherited culture Vachtml a prelude and four Detectives culture is legendary and historical culture and culture values social and culture of Proverbs, Chapter II Vachtml on the preparation and the three sections is the culture of the quote Quranic, culture, worship and faith, culture Stories Qur'an, Chapter III comprising the preparation and Mbgesin two political culture and mentality, culture and values of the new social knowledge

البحث الدلالي في كتاب معارج الاصول للمحقق الحلي ت676هـ == Semantically Research for Attitudes of Fundamentals of the researcher Jaa'far Ibn Hassan Al - Hilly (676 H)

اسم المؤلف: نبراس حسين ايوب الموسوي
اسم المشرف: حامد عبد المحسن كاظم الجنابي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study tries to answer the following questions :  Were the Arab scholars aware of the idea of 'Semantics' and it applications?  What is the position of the Arab semantic research in relation to the modern semantics?  What are the semantic efforts made by Almoohaqiq Alhili in his book 'Marej Alesool'?  What is the significance of the modern semantic studies done by Almoohaqiq Alhili from a modern semantic point of view? The study tries to shed the light on the semantic efforts of Almoohaqiq Alhili in his book 'Marej Alesool'. He is considered as one of the innovators of the fundamentalism. His book was one of the best books in fundamentality and it is the third book by Imams in jurisprudence after the book of 'Altharieah' 'expedience' by the master 'Almurtadha' and 'Alaidah' by alshaeik 'Altusie'. It is considered as of the books of comparative fundamentality because of it has included a number of jurists like Abi Haniefa and Alshafieai of Ahl alsuna (traditionalists) discussing a number of fundamental issues. The researcher tried to make use of the modern semantic approaches in discussing the semantic topics done by Almoohaqiq Alhili to arrive at a vivid vision and a real realization. The study falls into three chapters, introduction, preface and the conclusions. The preface includes the semantic issues of Almoohaqiq Alhili and some of his classifications like 'Alsharaea' ,' Almutabar', 'Almasael Alaziea' and 'Almasael almasriea'. The First chapter deals with the idea of 'speech' and its definition, utterance and its definition and the multiplicity of the relationship B between the verbal and meaning as well as the results of such multiplicity. The second chapter tackles reality and metaphor and the border lines between them. Also, it discuses whether the rhetoricians and linguists have discussed the distinction between the metaphor and reality. The study has also handled the semantic aspects of metaphor and reality from a fundamentalist point of view as well as making a comparison between Almoohaqiq Alhili and Alsabki. In the third chapter, the researcher has explained the semantic contextuality and it influence on Almoohaqiq Alhili including its applications in the form of order. Last but not least, the study has come out with a number of conclusions :  The study has found out the truth of the real understanding of Almoohaqiq Alhili to the semantic development and its phenomena.  Almoohaqiq Alhili has realized that there is no real effect of usage in deciding the meaning of words, but the words are not described before usage except by reality as well as the issue is related to the terminology.  The study has comprehensively focused on the efforts of Almoohaqiq Alhili taking into consideration verbals and its semantic aspects as well as in the understanding of the legal texts.  The study has proved that Almoohaqiq Alhili has realized the effect of context in deciding the meaning and the semantic and dictionary effects of words on the text. Also,he realized the significance of arrangement of words in text as well as their referents inside and outs.

الاثر النحوي لابن جني في كتاب المقاصد الشافية في شرح الخلاصة الكافية لشاطبي ت 790هـ == the effects of ibn jinni ,the grammatical on the book(almaqassid al - shafiyah ala al - khulassah al - alkafiyah) for shattibi (790a.h.)

اسم المؤلف: خير الدين علي الهادي سليمان داود
اسم المشرف: صالح كاظم عجيل الجبوري
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:

الدلالة الزمنية عند الرضي (ت686ه) في شرحه على الكافية == THE TIME INDICATION BY ALSHAREEF ALRADHI IN HIS ANALYSIS ON AL - KAFIA

اسم المؤلف: عذراء ضاري ضبع العزاوي
اسم المشرف: فالح حسن كاطع الاسدي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Al Radhi has a language sense and gives the language text his indication time. He looks to the text for its synonyms not from dull phrasing only and he realizes that these types help the time indication and make it for specific time and added for the original text. This is clear that the semantic in the thought of Al - Radhi it is not separated from text. He believes that the Arabic language even if it is no has the three genres IFAAL, YAFAAL, AND IFAAL. And these types changes by a new ways of writing added to them. Al - Radhi in his book shaarh al Kafaia (28/4) about the numbers of time indication because of these synonyms.The research divided into three chapters .Chapter one : The time indication for the past verb.Chapter two : Time indication for the past verb.Chapter three : The time indication for the order verb and others.The research end by its conclusion and by its results and the references of this research depend on the old and modern books

كلام الامام علي (عليه السلام) والصناعة النحوية : دراسة في النقد النحوي == Imam Ali's(pbuh) speech of grammatical rules study in grammatical criticism

اسم المؤلف: حيدر هادي خلخال الشيباني
اسم المشرف: رحيم جبر احمد الحسناوي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This research, which is characterized by the words of Imam Ali and the grammatical industry, is a study of grammatical criticism. It seeks to critique grammatical rules based on incomplete extrapolation and correct some of the grammatical rulings that are based on the words of the Emir of the Believers. In its language and composition, has come in accordance with the criteria of Arab scholars in the right to cite it, but did not get entitlement in the grammar lesson for the reasons we mentioned the most important in the body of this letter, the grammatical provisions hostage martyrdom, but it is said that the witness in the grammar is the same. The main idea that the research aims to highlight is reflected in our protest of the provisions of the Amir of the faithful in modifying a number of grammatical rules that grammarians have forbidden or limited to poetic egoism, as well as the construction of grammatical rules that were never mentioned by grammarians within the limits of what I have seen. The importance of this topic is that it is considered the first research in which I think that highlights the importance of the words of the Imam in addressing the lack of extrapolations in which the Arabic grammar in many different disciplines, the Arabic grammatical rules as a result of the extrapolation results, The approach of the grammarians, especially the later ones, in bridging the gaps that their interpretation of the language and its manifestations and uses were based on was based on the measurement, not by re - tracing and surveying, unless the ancients could stand it from the books of the Arab heritage, including (Nahj al - Balajah). Wael grammar. It was adopted in the graduation of the texts of Imam's speech and documenting the explanation of (Nahj al - Balajah) to Ibn Abi al - Hadid al - Mu'tazili by the achievement of Professor Muhammad Abu al - Fadl Ibrahim, except in some texts based on a more famous and famous narratives between the explanations of the approach. I carried a witness to the Imam and said in one of the books of the Arab heritage, we reported in the amendment of a certain grammatical rule. The method of research required dividing it into three sections and paving the way forward and concluding with the most important findings of the research and a list of its branches, a summary in English. The first was the concept of extrapolation in language and terminology, the second in its types, the third in the relationship of extrapolation by the total extrapolation, the fourth in the relation of the extrapolation by subtraction, the fifth In the reasons of lack of induction with representation, and held the sixth demand for the importance of the words of the Imam in addressing the lack of extrapolation of grammarians with the mention of concise examples of that I mentioned in the chapters of the letter and chapters, and then concluded to highlight the most important motives behind the reluctance of most grammarians to quote his words in the escalation. As for the first chapter, I studied it (what was prohibited by the grammarians and was mentioned in the words of the imam) and started it with a slowness in the statement of the prohibition of the grammarians, and then divided it into two chapters. The prohibition of acts and letters was in two parts : the first of the acts was in three rules, the second of the letters and the annexation of four rules. As for the second part, it was included in the presentation of what the grammarians carried out on the poetic necessity and mentioned in the words of the imam. It was opened with a slowness in which I mentioned the concept of necessity in the language and the term. It briefly explained the doctrines of Arab scholars in the poetic necessity, and consisted of two chapters. (The poetic necessity as proven in the speech) has formed of five rules, and the second chapter bore the title (the poetic necessity in the deletion and other issues) has been divided on two topics, studied in the first (the poetic necessity in the deletion) and three rules, (Poetic necessity in other matters) and the inclusion of four s promising. As for the third chapter (the latter), it was marked by (unless it is referred to by the grammarians and mentioned in the words of the imam), which paved the way for him to explain the negligence of the grammarians to a number of grammatical methods as a result of their lack or failure to follow the language and grammatical patterns. (Unless the grammars refer to it in the two styles of the section and the condition), and it was in two sections, including the first (unless the grammars refer to it in the style of the section) and it has two bases. The second (unless the grammars refer to it in the style of the condition) has two rules as well, and dealt with in the second chapter (unless the grammarians refer to it in other matters) and held six rules. The conclusion was presented by the most important findings of the research. The tributaries of the research included books of language and grammar, old and modern, and language adaptations, and books of interpretation and the Prophet's Hadith and poets, and explanations of the approach of rhetoric, studies, letters and research related to it, as well as a number of recent studies that sought to get acquainted with the ancient grammarians, The Qur'an or the Hadith of the Prophet (peace be upon him), I mention from them (evidence of clarification and correction of the problems of the correct mosque) to Ibn Malik, and (studies of the style of the Qur'an) of Sheikh Muhammad Abdul - Khaleq Adaimah, (grammarians and Qur'an) (Arabic grammar) by Dr. Mohamed Samir Al - Labadi, and "The Inferior Induction and Its Impact in Arabic Grammar" by Dr. Muhammad Ibn Abdul - Aziz Al - Omairini and "The Prophetic Hadith in Arabic Grammar" by Dr. Mahmoud Fajal. The phenomenon of prohibition in Arabic grammar), and other sources and references that we have proven in the list of tributaries of research. The study has devised a method based on the theory of the question to be studied from grammar books and Mara'i language

الهوية في شعر الجيل التسعيني العراقي == The IDENTITY IN 1990s' IRAQI GENERATION POETRY

اسم المؤلف: رائد حاكم شرار الكعبي
اسم المشرف: عباس رشيد وهاب الدده الموسوي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تبحث هذه الدراسة عن موضوعة ( الهوية) في نصوص تنتمي زمنيا وفنيا الى الجيل التسعيني العراقي,الجيل الذي عاش ويلات الحروب والحصار والسلطة الدكتاتورية, فجاءت نصوصهم معبرة عن الهم الوجودي ومشكلة الانتماء والمصير والقلق..الهوية كلمة تدل على ماهية الشخص او (الشيء) كما هو في الواقع بخصائصه ومميزاته التي يعرف بها, فهي خصوصية تاريخية ولغوية ودينية وفكرية وثقافية وقيمية تساهم في نحت ملامح هوية خاصة تتميز عن بقية الهويات الاخرى . والهوية في الشعر تنبثق من الرموز والايحاءات التي يبثها الشاعر في نصه, وهنا ثمة علاقة بين الشعر والهوية؛ فكلاهما قائمان على الرمز الذي ينشئ دلالاته في الواقع, وثمة التقاء اخر هو التواصل؛ فالهوية تقوم على فكرة التواصل؛ لانها تقوم على ارساء التفاهم بين المجموعات المشتركة, كذلك الشعر بوصفه رؤيا العالم يحاول ان يكشف سمات الذات ومحاكاتها للمجتمع.انبتت خطة هذا البحث على ثلاثة فصول, يسبقها تمهيد نظري حول مفهوم الهوية. فجاء الفصل الاول بعنوان : ( الهوية الوطنية وواد الانتماء) اذ انطلق البحث عن الهوية الوطنية الموؤدة بسب الدكتاتورية البعثية وحروبها المتكررة, اذ لم يكن امام الشاعر خيار الا : الاغتراب او التمرد والرفض او الحلم بالوطن الضائع.اما الفصل الثاني فكان بعنوان ( الهوية الثقافية وتمثيل الذاكرة), وقد انتظم بثلاثة مباحث؛ الاول : حول الاساطير والاحداث التاريخية التي مثلت هويتنا العراقية, والثاني : حول المكان العراقي بوصفه هوية ثقافية, والثالث : حول الفلكلور والمحكيات المحلية بما فيها من امثال واغاني شعبية وخرافات محلية عراقية. وقد حمل الفصل الثالث عنوان ( الهوية النصية - الخصوصية والاختلاف) اذ اهتم بالبحث عن خصوصية النص التسعيني واختلافه عن نصوص الاجيال الاخرى؛ في اللغة والرؤيواالتشكيل, وانتظم بثلاثة مباحث, الاول : حول قصيدة النثر, والثاني , حول النص المفتوح, والثالث : حول قصيدة الشعر( العمود الجديد). لتنتهي الدراسة بخاتمة لاهم النتائج التي توصل اليها الباحث. وقد اخترنا المنهج ( السوسيوثقافي) الذي يربط السياق والبنية الاجتماعية مع الانساق الثقافية للوصول الى فهم النص. | This study deals with “identity" in texts that artistically belong to the Iraqi 1990’s generation. This generation lives the miseries of war, sanctions and tyranny authorities; therefore, these text, express the existential concerns, belongingness problem, destination and anxious. Identity refers to the essence of the persons or things, as it is, with its characteristics what enable people to identify the identity with historical, linguistic, religious, intellectual and cultural values that contribute in shaping each identity that are different from others. It represents a semantic network that provides meaning to existence, culture, and history. It is also a historical, collective accumulation of glories, negatives, oppositions - at the same time - of the nation experience of conscious, feelings, language, values and shared memories.Poetry is the result of language aims at creating a language. This language of poetry does not reflect the reality of world but expresses the poetry of feelings, dreams and imagination. This poetry language does not come from a vacuum; rather it exists from intellectual and historical memory. The poetic moment is the fusion with the hidden voice of existence. Language is not only a means of communication and naming as it also reveals the features of ego and the vision towards the world, identity manifestations etc. which all together compose the characteristics of face.The thesis consists of three chapter with a theoretical background about identity.Chapter one is “National identity and the bury of belongingness “. This chapter deals with the bury of the national identity because of the Baath dictatorship and the recurrent wars which lead to this buried. Therefore, the poet has limited options such as exile, revolt, refusal, or dreaming of the lost home. Chapter two is “National identity and the representation of memory “. It deals with the manifestation of the Iraqi culture identity of the 1990’s generation poets. This chapter consists of three section : The first deals about the Iraqi myths and historical events that forms of the Iraqi identity.The second deals with the Iraqi place as a cultural identity.The third deals with a local folklore such as proverbs, ballads and the Iraqi local myths.Chapter three is “textual identity features and differences”. It deals with the 1990’s unique textual characteristics and the differences from the other generation in language, vision and formation. This chapter consists of three section : The first deals with the free poetry, the second deals with the open text, and the third is about the “new classical poetry”. At the end, the researcher provides the conclusions of this survey. The researcher chooses the hermeneutic approach because of the tools that enables the researcher to deal with the invisible in texts. This study deals with this topic and this generation, as they did not receive enough research and study. In addition to the fact that in previous studies that deals with this topic concentrate on the theoretical rather than the applied aspects of the topic.

مظاهر الاقتصاد اللغوي في مجمع الامثال للميداني (ت 518 هـ) : دراسة تطبيقية == Features of Linguistic economy Proverbs Comilation to AL - Maydani deceased 518 AH

اسم المؤلف: حسين كريم جياد سمين الكلابي
اسم المشرف: هاشم جعفر حسين الموسوي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Thesis title : The means of linguistic economy Proverbs complex field to Al ــ Maydani deceased 518 AH .Thesis Subject : Study and analysis of economic and linguistic means in the Arabic proverbs in the applied field mentioned above.Components of the Thesis : The thesis consists of four chapters preceded by introduction and the preparation and tracking of the conclusion and proven sources and references.The introduction includes the definition of the terms of the Arabic language economy and proverbs, in which I tried to root for this subject, and I endeavored to define the linguistic economy, which I hope will be a block.The first chapter was entitled (The means of sound economy), and it included multiple researches, studied and analyzed them : sound economy by implication, sound economy by fracturing motion, sound economy by the link, etc.The second chapter was devoted to the study and analysis of the methods of the morphological economy, in which the semantic aspect was examined, and it was mentioned in several terms, including : the morphological economy in the plural and the appendices, the morphological economy in the form of exaggeration, .The third chapter examined the methods of grammatical economy, and it divided it into the following topics : the grammatical economy by deletion, the grammatical economy in general, the grammatical economy on behalf of the scientific name, etc.The fourth chapter deals with the study and analysis (semantic intensification methods), including : the semantic intensification by turns, the semantic intensification of probability, the semantic condensation with verbal accompaniment, etc.Thesis Methodology : The study was based on the critical analytical descriptive method for monitoring the means of linguistic economy in the proverbs in the complex of proverbs, and then to study and analyze these proverbs, and to refrain from discussing controversial issues and support what is supported by the Qur'anic and poetic evidence, if any. Of the Arabic proverbs.The results of the thesis : The researcher generated a number of results, including : Investigating the reasons of the economy and found that they fall under five main trends (the deletion that shares the sound, drainage, grammar, meaning, dispensing, lightness, concise, and abbreviated) that the deletion most used on the tongues The results of the study did not find an impact on the economy, but the facilitation of words, especially in the Arabic proverbs, was conducted on their tongues without cost, and the results showed that the Arab sought to get rid of the difficult voices that cause him difficulty in speaking and require more effort in other voices Require m In addition, the results indicate that there are two types of content in the proverbs, one of which is not linked to a specific time, and the other is related to time - specific coincidences. The proverbs of two methods in speech, either myself addresses feelings and feelings, or mentally addressed to the mind and based on the evidence and argument, as well as the results of the applied study is a result; because it was based on the application of theoretical texts on the Arabic proverbs, From experience to researcher.

تحبيك التاريخ في الرواية النسائية العراقية بعد 2003م == Emplotment history of the Iraqi Women's novel after 2003

اسم المؤلف: مريم جبل كاظم سعدون النايلي
اسم المشرف: اوراد محمد كاظم
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الادب
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study looked at the novelist models absorbed historic in many ways, as a piece of text space, based on history by making it interactive and absorbing reference transmit it, and reflect the social, political and historical reality as the novel begins from reality to paint and building events, reflecting the shifts and changes that have affected society, and expressive and tragic reality bitter, dominated by the theme of violence as the theme of ideology has been able to occupies a large area in novel writing, including in respect of the effects of the devastation and oppression, through different techniques and methods to evoke historical reference in the novels, some of which were adopted in the events listed on the anonymous Rao, non - participant in the narrative process, some of which was mediated by the characters, or through an external Rao, for a variety of viewing angles, and also through various forms of dialogue, was the product of that accommodate women's history in the novel, and the findings of the researcher : • The writer raised concerns of political and social world, filled with history novels, inspired him to events past and present other, dealt with topics Frequently Asked Overall, I wrote about the wars and revolutions and tragedies portrayed stages of the rebellion, tyranny and corruption of the ruling regimes. • hired novels, social and cultural historical political figures and realistic, of revolutionary heroes, and dictators, summoned by the presence of popular historical figures or mystical within the narrative structure, given roles in the plot fiction as a symbol of the nation path .• refer the imaginary characters in most novels on historical figures; especially as some accounts come with all of the personalities of Tadian mutual role, and offered to lend historical realism feature on the novel; especially related to the terms of reference of time historical, in addition to events imagined, which refers to the real event figures. • varied historical and social issues in the novels, most of them from the current date, and then come back rebounds requiring novel of introduction of some issues that fit with the periods of time which codified them. • The presence of historical reference in the novels and clearly defined, hardly constitutes a phenomenon in the novel, whether it be at the forefront of some of the novels which Tsfh Metn novelist specific historical terms of reference, or is it the middle of, or at the end, it was filled history ample space from them. • In most historical texts contained in the novels, we see the similarity of the historical text with the text of the novel, except for the referral of brokered imaginary narrative as space accommodates historical issues, and references to historical realist. • historical perspective form in the Metn novelist dimensions tag them ideological historical or social, to call historic event that employed by the similarity of the voice of the narrator and central character with history and events and characters, for private novelist vision, or for the connection between the reality of life and the events of history, it was time who spotted the historical vision of the writer related a time of successive wars, which had an impact on the psychological and social structure of a society novel Mstdeih last time more than the present. • historical vision of the structure where the transmitting reveal the meaning to indicative transmit through which the writer on realistic data where the real Palmtejel associated in the context of building the narrative, which talk about the significance of ideology in the spaces of the novel, and the manifestations indication of violence as a space carries the meaning of oppression by the destruction address, and carries political dimensions and cultural and social by describing the geographical location as a space, to reveal the significance produced by the historical time and social time. • handled some accounts the question of identity and Thabayk history and research in the dispersion and Chziha, between domicile origin other country residing in it personal, to try accountability reality, history and re - Thabeckhma; it traced manifestations expatriate figures in the level of words and deeds, and time and place, and succeeded in drawing crisis and permanent suffering and struggle with reality and with the other, a conflict that led her to the ways are blocked, either death or suicide or alienation as his image of the novel, or trying to escape from reality

الصنعة البلاغية في الصحيفة العلوية : دراسة تحليلية == Rhetorical workmanship in AL - Alawiya script

اسم المؤلف: دعاء حلاوي محمد العويدي
اسم المشرف: امل عبد الجبار كريم الشرع
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Duaas of imam Ali which represented in Alawiya Leaf of the master of the believers imam Ali Bin Abi Talibs’ Duaas are considered as important documents about his religiousness and connection with his God “Allah”. We have studied these blessed Duaas with a rhetorical study which deals with the words of the master of the trustees who makes it in a wise and rhetorical form, producing professional and perfect speech.And this is not weird in front of his rhetoric, because nobody heard such a meaningful speech and perfect content better than the words of the messenger of Allah (pbuh) except the words of imam Ali the master of the eloquence. Our study of this case, which was an area of argument among the old and modern scientists in criticism, had a variation of opinions between supporter and non - supporter, but we have studied this case from the creative and rhetorical side that was used by imam Ali (pbuh) for molding his expressions and its components which depend on the fluency, perfect meaning, and its perception to the minds, and that is one of the characteristics of the craft (craft of the rhetorical speech), and nobody could make this happen (craft of Duaa) better than Ahlulbait (pbut). This research included a preface that I deal with the definitions of the Leaf in language and idiom, the studies which occurred on the Alawiya Leaf and its issues, the number of Duaas in it, and the style of imam Ali in that blessed Duaas. The chapters were divided into three sections, the first section is about the rhetorical craft, which consists of three parts the first one (craft in language and idiom, and critical and rhetorical opinions on it) the second part had the term of Duaa in language and idiom, and the importance of Duaa) the third one had the style of imam Ali (pbuh) and his craft. The second and the third chapters I explained the Duaas through the rhetorical analysis : The second chapter (verbal craft) was divided into five topics (Alliteration, Antithesis, Saj’, Quotation, and Repetition) respectively.The third chapter (abstract craft) was divided into four topics (Simile, Metaphor, and Metonymy). At the end I’d like to thank my God Allah for his help to accomplish this work - if I am right, then this kindness is from Allah, and if I am wrong, that’s my fault - .We thank god in our last invocatio

الراي غير المستحسن في التوجيه الصرفي == Opinion is not recommended in the exchange guidance

اسم المؤلف: ماجد محمد كاظم عمشان
اسم المشرف: امين عبيد جيجان الدليمي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Praise be to Allah, praise be to Allah, who taught by the pen, Taught man that which he knew not, and prayers and peace be upon the best of His creation and the most eloquent of Baldhad pronunciation of the Prophet Secretary Mohammed bin Abdullah and his family who go God bless them abomination and cleanse them cleansing, and his companions Almentajabin the good guys, and after : It is no secret to the specialists in the Arabic language as the science of discharge from the great importance of high and prestige among Arab science, not how it is Arab balance, and its known origins of the word of Arabs from appendages entering them, so this flag needs all the Arab people of whatever needed, but this science has not exhorts including DAI its flag as of study and research; Perhaps the reason for this is due to the rigidity of this science and the difficulty and accuracy, and this is witnessed by senior scientists, the son of harvest : (said (but this kind of knowledge of what was elusive difficult begun before knowing as such, then Ji after; to be Alartaad in as a footstool to enter it)), says the son of a bird in it : ((I would not see grammarians may Habera for ambiguity aware discharge, abandoning authoring the classification, only a few of them)) Adding to this science complex and the difficulty of some of the morphological views and the summer is stated or arbitrariness or weakness, and so the words and phrases that indicate disapproval of these views, and that's what prompted me to highlight those views, Ali pay some of the views of others is advisable that burdened this science and has been compounded by complicated convened by, so I decided to go into the SINGLE CAB this research, which they called (opinion is not recommended in morphological guidance).I did not find - within these Aldrash - that none of the scientists have stated disapproval of the opinion of the views and what I found is the words and phrases indicating disapproval toward saying : it Tklfo weak, not Bmtin, far away, the view, the likelihood of a consensus I do using preference such as their saying : this is the first, which I measure, as is well known, the likelihood of a consensus indicates a lack of desirability of the opinions of others. Since the objective of this study is to address the concept is not necessarily words that there is a text of the disapproval is enough to understand the words of the world, it is advisable not opinion from the views of any word or phrase that indicates that.I found that the balance of morphological What is the only way educational brief knows whereby the learner conditions of speech of originality and increase vowelization and modify and when we say that the balance of morphological know Him letters appendages of assets does not understand this it is he who reveals that even recognize the letters appendages by rules and principles exhaust Proof of this is that we can not weigh the floor only after knowledge assets letters of appendages by the disposal of those rules and then comes the role of morphological balance to deliver that information to the learner Ba_khasr phrase

شعر عبد الامير جرص : دراسة اسلوبية == The poetry of Abdul - Amir Jaras Stylistic study

اسم المؤلف: تارا خالد خلفه
اسم المشرف: صفاء عبيد حسين الحفيظ
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الادب
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: It's became known that the Iraqi poetic text is a diverse text , that opens to the continuous experimentation field which does not settle down or rest , This text that has seen many transformations, Alterations, Creation and re - creation operations that contributed at maintaining the continuity of its leadership, The '90s Iraqi Poetic text was able to achieve a great artistic richness during its emergence, By a good group of Iraqi poets, Including "Abdul Amir Jaras ", That his mature writings imbued the creativity pouring rain on the land of Iraqi poem fertile, and as a Modernist poet, and as a modernist poet, he deliberately breached the standard poetic language, Employing new structures and syntheses, That contains a lot of sarcastic Paradoxes of the '90s tattered prevailing situation. Abdel - Amir, whose poetry experience has matured in the 90s' of the last century, But as the sons of his generation of poets, His poetry did not take its right of literature study, And didn't receive the attention of researchers, Despite the fact that his texts contain very dangerous and influential images and poetry flashes. From here I grew a desire to study the phenomena and features that characterize his poetry in accordance with the modern approach that reveals the secrets of the text and its interrogation as stylistic. And as the Methodological necessity required this research, To be divided into a preamble, three chapters and a conclusion, In the preface : we briefly presented the most prominent stylistic phenomena of the Iraqis poets of the 90s' generation, Speaking about the impact of intellectual, political, social and economic conditions in their poetry, Then we gave an overview of the life of the poet and a translation of his biography, And then we discussed the different circumstances that formed his experience .As for the first chapter, entitled (audio level) : it was built on two subjects, The first subject dealt with the internal rhythm, Which was addressed to the rhythm of (repetition) and (parallelism),While the second subject dealt with external rhythm, In which we studied the (weight) and (rhyme).The second chapter on the other side, entitled (structural level), included four topics, In which we discussed the most prominent structural stylistic phenomena, In the first subject we studied (query) and in the second (negation), In the third (appeal), in the fourth (submission and delay), the fifth (time), Which is divided into three sections (overlapping, fading and absolute) time, With making statistical tables for all previous phenomena to reach more accurate and objective results .In the third chapter, entitled (Semantic Level), it included three topics : first (semantic fields), Which was devoted to talk about the most prominent fields contained in the poet poetry such as (field of nature) and (flags field and personalities), And in the second section We dealt with (The picture) which is divided into : (mental image) and (sensory image), In the first one We dealt with the (symbolic image) and the (mythical image), In the second (optical image) and (haptic image). And as for the third section it included (image semiotics) and was divided into (punctuation marks), (whites and blacks) and (Typographical space.) And as for The conclusion : it included a summary of the most important results we have reached in the research, Then a list of sources and references and a detailed index of the topics.

ردود الشهاب الخفاجي (1069 هـ) النحوية في حاشيته (عناية القاضي وكفاية الراضي) على ابي حيان الاندلسي (745هـ) == Responses AI - Shihab al - Khafaji (1069 AH) In his entourage (the attention of the judge and the adequacy of Radi) syntactic at Andalusian Abu Hayyan (745 A) Grammatical study

اسم المؤلف: رغد فيصل غازي حسين الياسري
اسم المشرف: وائل عبد الامير خليل الحربي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: All praise is Allah, the Lord of all worlds, the prayer and peace upon the prophet Mohammed the informer and the faithful advisor and upon all his honorable and good relatives and his selected followers, so : The Quran remains affluence the flux, constantly tender does not expire wonders and does not create a large number of post, it has alternated it understood at the scientists of different backgrounds and persuasions, The grammar take care of it , than rhetorical and was considered by the interpreter, and hopes, stopping him speaker, and reported him to landscapes and writer, did not prevent one of them and his response, but all of THEM he found the finish, and carried about giving the secretariat Remember of wrongdoing and slippage, they return to Safe officer (grammar) to achieve what he sought, to the status of this science of Galilee, which takes us mist where the word of God spokesman and his heart conscious - Imam Ali y and where his disciple Aldua'ly - in order to request a great reward from God with reflection in the Koran I had the privilege to serve as arbitration - and I am inferior to that - in my studies : Responses AI - Shihab al - Khafaji (1069 AH) In his entourage (the attention of the judge and the adequacy of Radi) syntactic at Andalusian Abu Hayyan (745 A) - Grammatical study - . Necessitated the nature of the research that builds on the three chapters preceded pave highlights something of a biography of social and scientific Shihab focusing on the interests of grammar, it is a multiple concerns, including the moral and doctrinal, and his works, the value of his entourage, and the profile of the scientific status for those who confronted Shihab to reply (Abo Hayyan Andalusian), and the methodology of Shihab in its responses to it, and recite these chapters finale included the most important results of the study, and a list of Brackes that drank them this message, and the first chapter included matters where Shihab's response to Abi Hayyan in contacts, with two sections , Pena at first, the responses in Lifting the monument and traction motif and then banned them from the exchange, the second in building them.We have dedicated the second chapter of the responses in the acts, the issues went be divided into two sections the first is the action of the verb in terms of necessary and infringement, cosine and decreases, and the decrease and increase, taking into account the order of acts which in terms of disposition and inertia, while the second section was in the express act and direct, taking into account his time in the ranking, followed by starting the past tense.The third chapter in the responses of Shihab in glitter letters, as well as contain two sections, the first in Conjunction traction and the second in another character is mentioned in the first.The approach adopted in the edit Applied issues of the responses described analytically boot differed patterns from issue to issue, according to the consequences of the nature of the response Shihab, sometimes grammatically depends incorporation grammar of the question, and sometimes linguistically if its mouth in a statement meaning or significance, or a prelude readings retransmitted reply, and the latest styles so that the dispute simplifies directly in matters that branched where the dispute.The analysis is based upon the statement that tolerate deliberate composition of the object inflectional mentioned parsed the Koran. Displays after the opinion of Ab1 Hayyan and meet him cold Shihab, who often have a three - pronged Authority (Zamakhshari and oval opinion Shihab) and by virtue of his explanation Oval student Scout interpretation, are discussed his evidence after the breakdown of the stand when the pursued them or when you are derived by the opinion of painstakingly balancing views modernists in attempt weighting between the opinion of Abi Hayyan and Shihab.I extend my sincere gratitude After God of His attributes to disclose a nominee and that the people of this hard work and time great teacher supervisor Dr. Wael Abdel Amir Khalil. Parts of Me God richly rewarded.Our last supplication is all praise to Allah, the Lord of all words and prayer and peace be on the faithful prophet and all his honorable relatives.

شعر ابي دهبل الجمحي : دراسة جمالية == Poetey Abe Dahbl Al - jamhi An aesthetic Study

اسم المؤلف: علي محسن حسين المعموري
اسم المشرف: هناء جواد عبد السادة العيساوي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الادب
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The attempt to search and detect the product of the poet and knowledge purposes is very important, because he is a poet crystallized in the period in which popularized a lot of poets, namely the Umayyad period, as it is well - known poets of the Quraysh five. His hair has endured a lot of aesthetic values of all kinds, whether moral, religious or political, so that was the product of a track those values. Since the subject of aesthetic values of an overall theme and laws inclusive can not be confined to a particular aspect or particular rules, but that there is a definition of findings can be placed under the title is ((everything beautiful desirable)) or in other words ((all that is desirable from perfect) ) on this aesthetic values are a set of values refers to the common cultural rations are the assessment of needs and desires. Or with respect to the approach it has adopted a curriculum based on the semiotic theory Qremas applied by some models of the poetry, and it was applied in two aspects of the theory are : Besides global form when Qremas circumscriptum (the sender and the addressee and the actor and the subject and helper and exhibitions). The second aspect of the credibility that box Yum detected by the health and whether or not to say.The message included the preparation it addressed dealt with the concept of aesthetic value in the language and terminology and philosophy. As well as the life of the poet Abu Dhbl Jamhi it dealt with all that it involves, from his birth to his death.The first chapter dealt with it : what the beauty and the beauty of nature, both silent and moving each one of them divided into several types.And dealt with in the second section of the human beauty, dividing into two parts.The message included the preparation it addressed dealt with the concept of aesthetic value in the language and terminology and philosophy. As well as the life of the poet Abu Dhbl Jamhi it dealt with all that it involves, from his birth to his death.The first chapter dealt with it : what the beauty and the beauty of nature, both silent and moving each one of them divided into several types.And dealt with in the second section of the human beauty, dividing into two parts. Aesthetics internal rhythm of the bell music and redundancy in all its types in terms of repeating letters and words and tools. The second topic dealt with the external aesthetics of rhythm and rhyme of weight. The third section handled semiotic study of the subject.Researcher have come to a set of conclusions : that looking at the beauty of a woman made the poet looks at her most than it is to see it> Separating control parts of the body one by one and laid down in a plate full of poetry dimensional. The fight poet in a political subject of religious In an era dominated by the bloodshed made it highlights in its aesthetic value of self - suggestive to his courage and Frosath. The beauty and aesthetic value science and broad and complex and confined to literary side gave valuable results, including the associated reason and moral aspects of them, including the associated self - perfection

الهبات والهدايا عند ائمة اهل البيت عليهم السلام == Donations And Gifts Of The Prophet Progeny (Ahlul Bait ) God'S Peace Be Upon Them

اسم المؤلف: الهام عبد الواحد ناجي
اسم المشرف: زينب فاضل رزوقي مرجان
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Donations and Gifts of the Prophet Progeny (Ahlul Bait ) God's peace be upon them "Praise be to Allah , Peace be on the elite of creatures " Prophet Mohammed and his Folk ".The speech about the Imams of Prophet Progeny " God's be upon them " is most fine speech and most fresh Biography ( Seerah) , they are the ideal devoted for Islamic nation to Good and direction ,therefore the offering of donation and gifts was an important factor of their noble social conduct that made them reach the most generous levels.The significance of subject is related by Imams of Prophet Progeny as what they represent of moral effect in Muslims spirits and for augustness rank that Holy Quran and Prophet's route had make reference to.No doubt that the develop of this nation is depend on how much it follow the way of life for Prophet Progeny and their instructions which is the instructions of their Grandfathers the Prophet Mohammed ( God's peace be upon him and his folk ) and it is the Instructions of Mighty Allah.Prophet Progeny were famous that they share people with what the people were suffering of agony and needs , so generosity is one of their Character that represented by Donations and Gifts that they gave. they were targeting the satisfy of Mighty Allah in this deeds , those donations and gifts in many times were lead to help the people who they in bad need for assistance or even to bring back the persons for direction route. Each gift or donation that Prophet Progeny were gave it shows a moral lesson , wise or exhortation that enable us to discipline ourselves for our good return in life and doomsday. Prophet Progeny were an owner of money and property , they spend those money and properties for the benefit of poor people just to seek Allah satisfaction. They had a great role of work in agriculture and trade and they emphasis through their speech on sedulity and avoid laziness due to work is reserve human dignity , also they emphasis on help beggar and respect his dignity and not reject his demand. Opportunity and Situations of offer that donations and gifts by Prophet Progeny are varied some of those gifts were for help poor ,needy people and traveller ,also it offer to encounter offense by humanism and to discharge of a debt ,and for support at disaster time and crises. Donations and gifts were offered in a manner scientific reward or for particular services.Poets has a share of Prophet Progeny gifts with appreciation and respect due to they adhere to principles of Imams (Gods peace be upon them ) and convey their virtues and explain their calamity. on other hand many of Jews and Christian embrace Islam by the Imams of Prophets Progeny due to what they found in them of good manners ,sciences they have and their religious. Prophets Progeny participated in enfranchisement of slaves and that after purchase them and taught them the Islamic Culture then enfranchise them for sake of Mighty Allah. The Imams of Prophet Progeny didn’t hesitate in provide moral support that is represented by advices and instruction for the Umayyad and Abbasian rulers at the time of crises for the Benefit of Islamic State, in spite of the oppression and persecution of those rulers against Imams of Prophet Progeny. The nature of Researcher requires to divide the subject into Introduction ,prelusion ,three chapters and conclusion : First Chapter deals with pecuniary Donations and Gifts that Imams of Prophet Progeny offered in different opportunities , while Second Chapter is in title of Donations and Gifts in kind that Imams offered like : property , enfranchisement , foods , clothes , jewels and perfume and much more.Third Chapter includes Donations and Gifts ( Pecuniary - in kind) and ethical , ethical gift represents by Kind words and Advice and granting Science and supplication , so they were exactly as their Grandfather The Prophet Mohamed (Allah Peace be upon them) if any one comes to the prophet to ask a need , the prophet wouldn’t reject him ever and wouldn’t made him return without his needs or with feasible of speech. We ask and pray to Mighty Allah to make us adhere to Imams of Prophet Progeny and we also pay to Mighty Allah to make us firms on their route by word and deed , May Mighty Allah respond to our pray
الملخص:
المصادر:

مصالي الحاج ودوره السياسي في الجزائر حتى عام 1974م == Messali Al Hadj And His Political Role In Algeria Until 1974

اسم المؤلف: رنده زيدان خليف رشيد النعيمي
اسم المشرف: يحيى كاظم حمود المعموري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Algeria, which is one of the Arab Maghreb countries, was under French occupation in 1830 after forcing Ottoman occupation out, to become its replacement. National figures, such as Messali Hadj (1898 - 1974), worked hard to establish fronts, groupings, and blocs to challenge the new occupation which tried to Frenchify Algeria. Algerian historians disagreed about this figure, where some of them considered him as obedient to French occupation and accused him of treason while others considered him as a nationalist who struggled through following peaceful methods and international channels to submit the Algerian problem in order to stop or reduce bloodshed. Therefore, this difference about Messali Hadj resulted in different political situations which led to this confusion in general considerations about this figure. In this study, we put the lights on the character of Messali Hadj and we found that he was one of the nationalists who tried to convey his thoughts to get occupation out of the country without using armed force and by peaceful methods. Eventually, he convinced that it is necessary to use force. As a result of existing conflicts between those who stood up to liberate Algeria, he retired from political action, and yet he didn’t participate in the revolution of 1954 which granted Algeria full independence. Through examining the course of events, we found that the results reached by the researcher are : 1 - Messali Hadj is one of Algerian nationalists who affected the Algerian history and spent most of his live in struggle and resisting French occupation. 2 - National movements appeared in Algeria through national and religious figures after second world war and after returning most of young recruits to the country. 3 - Messali Hadj took part in establishing a party which succeeded in north Africa, where he was one of its founding members and hold leadership of the party in 1927. 4 - Messali Hadj was well known for his national spirit through his enthusiastic speeches for Algerian people or in the international forums. However he followed peaceful methods to present claims of Algerian people and achieve them. So, he decided to seek with all of his strength to submit claims of Algerian people in League of Nations and other conferences which were held to make reconciliation between the occupation and people of Algeria in a way that illustrate the sufferings of Algerians
الملخص:
المصادر:

الرواية التاريخية في كتاب العقوبات لابن ابي الدنيا (ت281هـ/894م) == The Historical Narrationsin Alukuba'At Book By : Ibn Abi Al - Dunya(281 - 894 H)

اسم المؤلف: فلاح حسن عباس
اسم المشرف: عبد الستار نصيف جاسم العامري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: All praise is to Allah, the Lord of the worlds and His blessings and peace upon his prophet Muhammad and his Descendants (Ahl al - Bayt). The study of "Alukuba'at Book" ( Divine Miracle Punishments) written by Ibn Abi al - Dunya is one of the significant matters in religious Islamic History. Ibn Abi al - Dunya's full name is Abdullah bin Muhammad Bin Ubaid Bin Sufyan Bin Qais, Alqurashi,.He was born in 208 H/823 A.D in Baghdad and died there(Jumada Al - Ula) in 281H/894 A.D. He is considered one of the best learned and highly respected religion teachers, (deeply spiritual man) historians and narrators in the Third Hijri Century. His contributions are wide - spread in various fields of knowledge. His wide mentality and vast thinking are distinguished. This is very vivid in his productions(books) which some of them printed and others not yet. Although he was a freedman of the Umayyads, he became the tutor of several ?Abb?sid princes and in particular of those who were later to become caliphs as al - Mu?ta?id and al - Mu?taf? because of his intelligence and fame. Ibn Abi al - Dunya's father was a man of wisdom and Hadith narrator. He taught his son (Ibn Abi al - Dunya) and supported his progress from an earlier time. Ibn Abi al - Dunya contributed in The reformation movement of the community through his writings and classifications. He wrote many books in education and piety and continued teaching generations until his death at the age of seventy on Tuesday 14th of Jumadi 281 H/894A.D. Ibn Abi Al - Dunya was a man of moderation and neutralism between the sects in his religion(Muslims). So, he combined and comprised all sects. For examples, he wrote about Ahl al - Bayt (Prophet Muhammad's representatives) , and composed many books like; "Al - Awlia" (Faithful) and their virtues, "The Virtues of Imam Ali", "The death of Imam Ali", "The Marriage of Lady Fatima", "The Death of Imam Hussein", "Ashuraa", " The Telling of Lewis Al - Qurrani" and " The Death of Ibin Ju'bair" and others. This neutralism and fairness what has made me to select this personality because we (at this present time) are in an urgent need to such a person not to encourage extremism and terrorism. In my research paper, I have focused on Ibin Abi Al - Dunya of being historian rather than social counselor or religious educator. I have chosen his book "Alukuba'at Book" ( Divine Miracles and Punishments) a field of may study for what it contains so much history narrations (Stories) of nations (The People and their Prophets) of what happened to them. These nations disobeyed their Creator (Allah) and forged His Sharia (Divine Laws). I have organized this paper into four chapters with an index and the resources. The first section of the first chapter focuses on the background of Ibn Abi Al - Dunya, his name, birth, full name, surname, early growth (education), religious sect and his death. The second section handles his life, masters(teachers), students, fame, journeys and his books. The second chapter is of three sections which, of course, deals with the method and sources of the book" Alukuba'at". The first section I describe the book ,its reasons of writing, its importance, prints(copies) and its divisions. The second section is to clarify the resources Ibn Abi al - Dunya recited from which include Quran, Holy Hadith (The Prophet's speech) and other telling. The third section is about the fundamentality and method of his book (Alukuba'at), so I identified the basis of selecting his historical matters, his recitations of verses of Quran, the recitation of holy Hadiths and his personal mentality weaving these basis together. The third chapter I have dealt with the history of Hadiths (The time Hadith was narrated) in this book because it is not chronically arranged. I have rearranged them newly depends on other narrations which this chapter called 'History Stories of Prophets'. In this chapter I focused on the stories of the Prophets Adam, Abraham and Lot (PB). This chapter includes two sections. The first one is about the Story of Adam, its reasons and the heavenly punishments and the historical narrations about it. Also the story of the prophet Noah and what included of historical narrations. The second section comprises the stories of the prophets Methuselah, Heber, Abraham and Lot and their narrations. The fourth chapter is titled as 'The Historical Stories of the prophet Jacob' and also Elephant Companions and what has been revealed of Israelites. This chapter is of two sections. The first one deals with the stories of the prophets Jacob, Joseph and Jonah. The second one is about the story of the prophet Job, its history narrations and the Israelites in it.Finally, I have studied and reviewed these stories and historical narrations compared to other resources trying hard to achieve and select the most remarkable and acceptable one. In conclusion, I have deeply dealt with the best and convincing results of what I am aiming at depending on available information.
الملخص:
المصادر:

كربلاء من 1749 - 1869 : دراسة في الاحوال السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية == Karbala From 1749 - 1869 A Study In The Circumstances (Political, Economic And Social)

اسم المؤلف: احمد باسم حسن الاسدي
اسم المشرف: فؤاد طارق كاظم العميدي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تناولت هذه الدراسة تاريخ كربلاء في المدة 1749 - 1869 دراسة في الاحوال السياسية ولاقتصادية والاجتماعية، وكان الجانب السياسي قد تميز بمرحلتين المرحلة الاولى منذ عام 1749 - 1802 وفيها تمتعت مدينة كربلاء بالاستقرار السياسي والامني النسبي، وتبين ان لذلك تاثير ايجا | This study takes the history of Karbala in the period 1749 - 1869, a study in the political, economic and social conditions, and it was the political side has been marked by two phases the first phase since 1749 - 1802 which the city of Karbala enjoyed the political and the security stability relatively, showing a positive impact on the overall economic, social and intellectual life. The second began with Wahhabi attack in 1802, and the subsequent attacks that have caused insecurity in most of Iraq's border towns on the West, including Karbala, then Daood Pasha attack on Karbala until the end of the Mamluk era. Karbala was also attacked in the subsequent period by the governor of Baghdad Najib Pasha in 1843. Karbala witnessed a chaos in its security in 1757 when the people of Karbala revolted against conscription.the study in the second chapter went to the economic conditions in Karbala, and we dealt agriculture in the forefront and land and factors affecting the production, then we talked about industry and industrial trades in the countryside of Karbala, in the city we found that the industry was primitive and in the rest of the state of Baghdad and surrounded lands. the industry was dependent on raw materials available in the city like clay and palm wood or Aromated, then the study took the trade in Karbala so we mentioned roads, transport and the markets in Karbala, and means of trade coins, and incomes of the city and of the visitors and fee of funeral and etc. The third chapter we took the social conditions in Karbala starting with the urban planning for the city of Karbala, then Karbalai society and aspects of social life in the city and the countryside and the most important families who live in the city of Karbala and the clans that live on the outskirts of the city and mutual influence between them, and we took the social aspects at the community in the city and the rural community. and there is no doubt that the relationship was overlapping between them and even social manifestations are similar to a large extent, because the city's community is an extension of the community rural, As for social services. In fact, it has been non - existent for them, there are no hospitals, no schools, no doctors, no teachers, which led to the spread of ignorance that has led to the spread of diseases that Karbalai community suffered a lot. The fourth chapter contained the scientific movement in Karbala that have flourished since the mid - eighth century, and was the most prominent scholars of Karbala at that time is the religion leader Mohammed Baqer Al - Behbahani. During this period scientific schools spread, libraries, government offices and mosques. Scientific movement has been accompanied by the emergence of different religious mobilizations affected the fundamentalist religion that came into conflict with them, including the news and then Shaykhiyyah, scout and then Babiah which is the most dangerous thing that faced fundamentalist religion but it’s survived thanks to the efforts of fundamentalists scientists. As well as the cultural movement flourished and a number of poets were appeared, it is worth to mention that the scientific movement was influenced by the political situation and turned out to be that the period of political stability accompanied by scientific prosperity which became weak in the nineteenth century because of the Wahhabi attacks as well as the political turmoil that accompanied the attack of Daoud Pasha on Karbala and the subsequent as the attack of Najib Pasha. But in spite of that we should realize that Karbala was enjoying a scientific prosperity in the next period thanks to the presence of a number of scientists.
الملخص:
المصادر:

العلاقات الالمانية - الروسية (1870 - 1914) == Germany - Russian Relations 1870 - 1914

اسم المؤلف: نادية جاسم كاظم علي الشمري
اسم المشرف: علي هادي عباس المهداوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
الملخص:
المصادر:

تطورات التعليم في الكويت 1946 - 1971 == Developments Of Education In Kuwait 1946 - 1971

اسم المؤلف: عائد مجيد عبد زيد العيساوي
اسم المشرف: احمد يونس زويد الجشعمي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The education of Kuwait has developed between 1946 - 1971 for many reasons that participated in this development, the geographical position and the trade with foreign countries , this has increased the relationship between the Kuwaiti people and tradesmen , so the idea of education created selecting the best educated people of Kuwait that are working in the trade field and by the help of capitalists and tradesmen by holding their accounts , also the help of mosques and small libraries that specialized in religion education to create people who know how to read so it became easy to teach them how to write by founding semi governmental schools by Al - Mubarakiya school , plus the founding of literature club that supported the students materially and spiritually and offered all their necessary needs that helped in supporting the education and the number of students , also the stable politician situation that happens in Kuwait after the stable ruling of Al - Sabah family that supported the education since 1921 ,and formed by founding the Al - Ahmadiyah school materially and spiritually so the governmental education emerged so as to the governmental schools that took the Egyptian and Iraqi curriculum , that supplied the society by local education energies , all that resulted in education cooperation between Kuwait and the rest of the world countries , because of the scholarships Kuwait offered its students outside its borders and the bursaries that offered to Arabian and the province students , that helped in developing the education of Kuwait , by contacting the different cultures of the countries that the scholarships have been sent to Kuwait helped other Arabian countries that helped in developing their education , the education in Kuwait did not stay at the elementary and high schools ,but it reached to creating the Kuwait University in 1966 and the graduation of different specializations in 1970.
الملخص:
المصادر:

تطورات التعليم في البحرين (1961 - 1981) == Education In Bahrain Developments (1981 - 1961)

اسم المؤلف: حسين نعمة محمد الخفاجي
اسم المشرف: مشتاق طالب حسين الخفاجي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Education is one of the basic factors that contribute to building societies, politically, socially, economically and culturally, so the Bahraini government has paid education much attention, especially after that I realized that investing in people is the best investment in the long run, as I realized that the power of education, cohesion and planning and development helps in the development of society, and even help to the renaissance of the state and its development, hence the importance of the subject and the motivation to study it. Despite the importance of the subject and privacy, but that academic studies omitted searched historically and disclosure of mastery, and as the Bahrain are part of the Arab system in general and the Gulf in particular, and as the search in the partial problem contributes greatly to the development of treatments for similar problems in them, so the study came to contribute to shed light on this issue to achieve the desired objective and above, but it is a motive to search. Therefore, this study was entitled to (education developments in Bahrain 1961 1981), to search for the cause of the development of education in Bahrain during the years in question, being of privacy in the history of Bahrain in general and the history of education in particular the years. As education witnessed in these years a remarkable development since 1961, due to the attention of the Emir of Bahrain Sheikh (Isa Bin Salman Al - Khalifa) and his education, he has established in his reign, many schools, colleges and universities, has sent missions to the study, and encouraged talented and gifted in a ceremony to be held for them in every year b (science festival) as grant awards for science and his students. We finished the study and up to 1981 for the accession of Bahrain, the Gulf Cooperation Council, since its accession there have become common policies in several areas with the countries that participated in this cooperation, including education.By tracking the development of education in Bahrain in the years 1961 1981 can devise a set of results, most notably : 1 - early education began in Bahrain early, marked by religious education Ketatibi, as it was the boys and girls memorized the Koran and the Sunnah and learn to read and write by the mullahs and writers who Qsteke to receive lessons. It was natural blossoming of this type of education as a result of religious factors and others relating to their need to meet the needs of society at the time of readers and writers, accountants, staff, and indeed these madrassas have succeeded in preparing the individual for life in accordance with religious and moral ideals that advocated by Islam. Which encouraged these madrassas to spread, especially since the state were not educational services of their competence at the time, but the competence of individuals and groups. The traditional education in the Arabian Gulf in general and Bahrain in particular the first seed to learn, and that was popularly educated, not officially, but it shows the interest of the Gulf society in general and specifically in science education and Bahrain.2 - Soon, there has been an education is something new not seen in the region before and had an impact on the functioning of the educational process in the Arabian Gulf in general and Bahrain in particular, and prepared by some of the first signs of modern education in the Gulf, but it is education system introduced by the missionaries of America, and although the goals those missions colonial and motivated by the foundation is the preaching of Christianity in the Arabian Peninsula and convert the population to Christianity, but Zwemer and his colleagues practiced by missionaries and other activities do not represent the reality of the missionary religious goals, including medical activities and educational and cultural and archaeological and geographical, but the (US - Arab mission) It failed in its mission, because it linked the provision of basic services, a mission of evangelization be Christians, because Muslims and Arabs in general very special clinging to their religion and will not accept them an alternative.3 - private education charity in Bahrain at the beginning of the twentieth century, specifically in 1919, and was intended to proceed with the civil committees from various segments of society, whether local or expatriate, to develop the first foundations for the nucleus of formal education in Bahrain, and also came in reaction to the Education Ketatibi which He prevailed in that period and which now does not meet the wishes of the community, especially after the first World war, as things have changed and resulted in the opening up of Bahrain more broadly on data from modern Western Renaissance to make a big political and social changes in the country resulted in the emergence of cultural and social awareness among the members of the community of Bahrain, so there was a need to create a modern educational institutes differ from Koranic schools in terms of systems and curricula and goals. However it was this kind of education does not achieve scientific adequacy fit the spirit of the age.
الملخص:
المصادر:

الاستاذ الدكتور صادق السوداني ومنهجه في كتابة التاريخ == Prof. Sadik Al - Soudani (Ph.D.) And His Method In History Writing

اسم المؤلف: بسام رضا محمد
اسم المشرف: كريم مطر حمزة الزبيدي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: An update of what initiated by researchers and historians studying the decades since the Iraqi mission joints of modern and contemporary history of Iraq through letters and Alatarih. And as far as the educational aspect has been many studies about the reality of education in Iraq it was discussed at the Royal and Republican covenants, including the doctoral thesis presented by Saleh Mohammed Abdullah tagged (the development of education in Iraq from 1945 to 1958). It is noted on these studies addressed the educational system structure only, ignoring the role of the scientific elite in the development of the scientific basis and development of education in Iraq, whether education in the initial stages (primary, secondary) or higher education, and did not receive light on the role this elite benevolent in this area. Proceeding from this and that decide to choose the subject with praise by the Scientific Committee in the department. The study is detailed and covers an important missing link of the history of education in Iraq, which cast a shadow over Iraqi society directly. In line with the interest of the Department of History at the College of Education / University of Babylon, studying the role of the early pioneers of leading academics historians who have left a clear imprint in the educational process in the country, we discussed the Master in the College of Education ten years ago dealt a prominent Iraqi historians, Dr. Kamal appearance Ahmed, then a series of historical studies dealing with these scientific personalities. In Baghdad University / College of Arts recently discussed the first two letters of Dr. Jafar - khasbak and the second for Dr. Saleh al - Abed, in the College of Education at the same university also discussed a message for Dr. Faisal Al - Samer, in the Department of History, University of Diyala also discussed the first two letters of the historian Fadel Hussein and the second for Dr. Hashim al - Tikriti. This academic scientific studies and contributed to bring the unique messages of its kind, as these studies did not discuss the personal life of the historian only, but dealt with his writings and his approach to the study and teaching of history, which is important because of the ignorance of most ((historians)) Iraq's new now, the foundations of the Iraqi school so to speak, or at at least those who are the pioneers of this school is founded by laid off or the first girls to her? These studies can give a clear picture of the aforementioned question. This study consists of an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion, eating in the first chapter "of his life and his social science". He held the title of the second chapter; "the evolution of the historical vision and scientific activities".The third chapter is devoted to the study of his approach based on an analytical study of historical writing. A number of conclusions have been reached during the study, the most important ones are : 1. Bon we can say through the study of His analytical study of both books by or books translated or scientific research that his approach to historical writing clear since completing his thesis. Since then he charted himself a peculiar approach it based on historical themes eating away at the analytical study tendencies and fancies in the interpretation of the historical event. What reinforces this saying his thesis and research published a master student, as well as upgrade research presented by the year 1978, but this does not mean that his studies at the University of Exeter in the United Kingdom has not changed or has not achieved any change to the method not vice versa increased scientific sobriety and convictions its methodology in historical writing2. Was his method of unique and based supervise the review of what is written by the student carefully read the letter more than seven of taking out the messages and Atarih impact readings proud of the scientific departments, which studied there, and went researchers from rattling become them later receipts and tours in the area of research scientific.3. Calculated for Dr. Sadik Sudan in the field of historical studies include : - A great interest in Jewish history and synthesizes translation, he wrote three thousand (Zionist activity in Iraq (1914 - 1952); the Jews of the United States; (A Brief History of the Jews of Iraq) and translated two books (a coil of the history of the Jews; chapters of the history of the Jews).(B) is the first to introduce the idea of writing letters and thesis in European history in the Department of History / Faculty of Arts / University of Baghdad, and at that time the idea has not lived up to many of those concerned with history, but after not long supported it and excited her.(C) the first to introduce the subject of the case the Irish studies instruction through the teaching of the subject ((international problems of historical and contemporary)) and supervision, as Ashraf proudly on the message Master of the College of Arts / University of Baghdad and four thesis PhD from the Irish case two in the Faculty of Arts, University of Baghdad and two in the Faculty of Education / University of Mustansiriya, a total of 7, the title of the late Dr. Saleh al message Irish case was one of the proposal and was one of the members of the committee discussed. In the proposed B + C has opened up new horizons for the students to record their messages and Atarihhm. After you have exhausted or nearly titles, especially those concerning Iraq.(D) Dr. Sadik Sudanese, to my knowledge is the only one who read a minimum of seven readings as may be up to ten in order to show a message or thesis, supervised by the student and the supervisor, which is unusual and unprecedented, embodies Sudan's keenness on the level of messaging and Alatarih that bears his name as a supervisor, a little something to his credit.
الملخص:
المصادر:

محمد حسن الطالقاني ودوره الفكري حتى عام 2003 == Mohammad Hassan Al Talqani And Intellectual Role Until 2003

اسم المؤلف: هند اشهاب عبد الحسين
اسم المشرف: نعيم جاسم محمد
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Contributed their writings in addressing important issues that affect the cultural and social reality as it issued anumber of cultural magazines and that the most important AL - Najaf knowledge magazine (1958 - 1961). By its founder and editor Mr.Mohammad Hassan AL Talqani has lived through a critical stage and the task of modern histoey of iraq after he moved from the system royal to the republican system in 14 july 1958 directed its attention researcher highlight the personality of Mr.Mohammad Hassan AL Talqani and intellectual role until 2003 when he enjoyed the prestaige and scientific seminar since he is from Najaf prestigious families who had a prominent role in the scientific , cultural and literary life in Najaf in particular and Iraq in general. the study consisted of the introduction and chapters and aconclusion to the most prominent conclusions reached by the researcher then avital annexes variety touched directly the life of Mr.Mohammad Hassan AL Talqani then followed by the sources relied on by this study The first chapter on the distribution of five sections studied the first section the birth and lineage of Mr.Mohammad Hassan AL Talqani as well as the place of his birth. the second section has included prominent media family and the statement of translations and the conduct of the most prominent of translations and the conduct of of the most prominent scienlists as Mr.Mihammad Hassan AL Talqani and Mr.Mashror AL Talqani and Mr.Abdul - Rasul AL Talqani.The second chapter titied cultural role of Mr.Mohammad Hassan AL Talqani has branched in to five sections Highlighted to raise the intellectual and the most prominent books published and unpublished and highlighted on the book which originally master message obtained Mr.Mohammad Hassan AL Talqani from Jesuit University in Lebanon estimate of (very good) grade.This chapter also discussed the books that made the most important part of the religious writings. the most important (AL tadiagnh) , Religion basics the achievement of the court of Hashem AL kaabi.Third chapter studied the political activity of Mr.Mohammad Hassan AL Talqani in terms of his position of the internal political developments , practicularly the Royal system (1921 - 1958) and his position on the 14 july revolution , Shawwaf movement in Mosul 1959 As well as his position on the coup of 8 february 1963.The other topic dealt axpatriate political currents and the position of which Mr.Mohammad Hassan AL Talqani. And in particular his position of the current communist and the scholars liberal group. highlight on the situation of political in the Arab ocean.The last section to his death and the most prominent participants in the memorial service
الملخص:
المصادر:

الهبات والهدايا فـي الاندلس من الفتح حتى نهاية عصر الطوائف (92 - 484هـ/711 - 1091م)

اسم المؤلف: زينب حسن نجم
اسم المشرف: محمد عبد الله المعموري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
الملخص:
المصادر:
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