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هيدرولوجية نهر الشافي في محافظة البصرة == Hydrology of the Shafi River in Basrah province

Author name: اسعد جواد كاظم السوداني
Supervisor name: حمدان باجي نوماس
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

المولدات الكهربائية في محافظة البصرة : دراسة في الجغرافية الصناعية == Electricity Generators In Basrah Province (A Study In The Geography Of Power)

Author name: شروق طالب عبد الوهاب
Supervisor name: كفاية عبد الله عبد العباس العلي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Power is the back bone for modern civilization. Moreover, it is the vital element for agriculture, industry and prosperity. Iraqi citizens have suffered a lot because of fluctuation of power which is supplied. This has pushed people to look for different alternatives. One of these is using power generators which are considered now as inseparable part of modern life in Iraq in general and in Basrah in particular. Still, this solution is regarded by many people as insufficient and negative solution which is imposed by the security conditions that the country has experienced. The solution actually has some advantages in providing power to fill the gaps of the programmed cuts but the use of these generators has also some disadvantages. It is supposed that after the embargo and the political change, things would change and this phenomenon would shrink and decline with time and the improvement of the network. What happens in reality is that the deterioration is still going on the main power supply. Actually, there is a shortage of research concerning this topic and we are not exaggerating in saying that this is the first and only study on this topic at the level of departments of Geography at the Iraqi universities. The study aim at revealing the real situation of using power generators in Basrah Province. The study consists of six chapters : Chapter One introduces the importance of electricity power, its use and how it is imported to the country and to Iraq. In addition, it defined what is meant by generators and where they are used in Arab countries.Chapter Two deals with the economic and geographic factors that lead to the use of these generators i.e., temperature, wind, rain, fuel, land, water, population, marketing, income, capital, transportation, governmental policy and power supply system.Chapter Three covers the classification of these generators according to property and popwer in relation to sectors in addition to the geographic distribution of these generators. Among the districts of the province.Chapter Four tackles power production from stations in Basrah. It also tackles the production of power by the generators and the geographic distribution in relation to the different districts of the province.Chapter Five covers the consumption of the power of the generators and the geographic distribution in addition to the properties of this consumption.Chapter Six deals with the problems of these generators

التمثيل الخرائطي لمظاهر التصحر في محافظة البصرة باستخدام تقنيتي الاستشعار عن بعد ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية == Cartographic Representation Of Aspects Of Desertification For Basrah Governorate Using Remote Sensing And Geographic Information Systems Technology

Author name: عمار عبد الرحيم حسين المندلاوي
Supervisor name: عبد الامام نصار ديري ناصر المظفر | حسن عداي كرم الله
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: اعتمدت الدراسة تقنيتي الاستشعار عن بعد (R.S) ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS) في تمثيل مظاهر التصحر في محافظة البصرة على مدى الاربعين سنة الماضية (1973 - 2013)، ومحافظة البصرة من المحافظات العراقية ذات الاهمية الاستراتيجية، تقع جنوب العراق بين دائــرتـي عرض(2 | The study deals with the Remote Sensing techniques and Geographic Information System (GIS) in the representation of the manifistications of desertification in Basra province through the last forty years (1973 - 2013). of course , Basra province has an important strategic location amang other Iraqi province , for its situation is between latitudes (29? 6? 21? &31? 16? 45?) north and longitudes (46? 43? 33? &48? 37? 31?)to the east rond (17700 km2). As it includes wide plane lands and untapped often faced by a series of geographic factors which have led to desertification of the various forms of soil desertification. The study used sensors data (MSS , TM and LDCM) of the American Artificiat sat (Land Sat) , as well as using Sat data (Quick Bird 2 ) for three images Sattelite for the years (1973, 1990 and 2013) to determine the manifestications of desertification and the most important development which changes by analyzing the reflective properties spectral features floor of the study area visually and mechanically. The study relied an several indexs in the study and controlling aspects of desertification index (SI) for the study of soil salinity index (EMI) to measure wind erosion index (NDVI) for measuring the intensity of natural plant and other indexs cover , all of which show that the total desertified area in Basra province was (3156.2 km2) in 1973 it rose to (4714.6 km2) in 1990 and increases to (7803.3 km2) in 2013 to the appearance of salinity and wind erosion only sand and dunes. Matching Cartographic reveal the complex process (appropriate spatial) that natural factors played amajor role in increasing the desertified area Basra province suffers from desertification in general and particularly in Western divisions.

التحليل المكاني للخدمات التعليمية والصحية في مدينة الزبير : دراسة في جغرافية المدن == Spatial Analysis Of Educational And Health Services In The City Of Zubayr : A Study In Urban Geography

Author name: صفا رحيم مفتن العبودي
Supervisor name: صلاح هاشم زغير الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography of Cities
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: التحليل المكاني للخدمات التعليمية والصحية في مدينة الزبير رسالة ماجستير تبحث في تباين التوزيع المكاني للخدمات التعليمية والصحية ومستوى كفاءتها في المدينة التي تتكون من (26) حي سكني توزعت عليه 3روضات و95 مدرسة ابتدائية و(38) مدرسة ثانوية ومعهد المعلمين ومه | This study, which is entitled "Spatial Analysis of Educational and Health Services in the Zubayr City : A Study in Urban Geography" examines the disparity of the spatial distribution of educational and health services and the level of efficiency of these services in the city, which consists of 26 residential neighborhoods, containing three kindergartens, 95 primary schools and 38 High School and the Institute for Preparing Teachers and one vocational school.About the health services the city include single hospital , 9health centers , single public clinic , clinics for health insurance , single special center , group of clinics,pharmacies and special laboratories.The disparity in the distribution of these services indicates that the city has not achieved the required level in performing those services yet. And this results in a lot of challenges which are reflected on people in the study area.The study stems from a basic concept, which is that educational and health services are very important and essential element in the life and progress of any country in the world, especially the developing countries, because the great majority of people are in bad need for these services.The study of spatial distribution of such services is one of the things that are performed by planning in order to develop these services and increase their effectiveness and making them accessible to the majority of the population. The study, eventually, tries to visualize the future of those services in the city of Zubayr in order to make them more efficient and effective by 2020The study contains 48 maps, 78 tables, 7 figures in addition to the appendices, a Bibliography and the summary in English.The study concludes that there is a shortage and an imbalance in the distribution of the services covered by the study, what affect the efficiency of these services and deprives neighborhoods of these services in addition to great difficulties faced by the beneficiaries in getting these services.The study proved that the spatial distribution of educational and health services in the city of Zubayr is inefficient. Therefore, some maps were prepared to show the failure in distributing of these services due to the accurate Standards of planning.

مناطق العوز البيئي والصحي في مدينة البصرة : دراسة في جغرافية البيئة والصحة == Environmental And Health Destitution Areas In Basrah City : Study In Environmental And Health Geography

Author name: معد داود جاسم الربيعي
Supervisor name: امال صالح عبود الكعبي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تناول الدراسة تحديد مناطق العوز البيئي والصحي ومستوياته في مدينة البصرة وذلك من خلال قراءة مكانية لبعض المعطيات المرتبطة بالبيئة الحضرية وقياس كفاءة خدمات مراكز الرعاية الصحية لاولية. بالاضافة الى انتشار الامراض الانتقالية في المدينة. حيث تناولت الدراسة ا | This research deals with determination of the environmental and health destitution areas in Basrah city and their levels. This is through spatial investigations for some data related with the urban environment first. Also Measuring the efficiency of primary health care centers second.In addition to spread of communicable diseases in the city. On the basis of the above mentioned factors, the study was built from four chapters. The first , clarify the historical development of primary health care centersand municipal Services such as Cleaning , quality of liquefaction water and sewage services.The second chapter discussed some environmental problems which are facing the city population like a household waste, contamination of drinking water and the collapse of the sewerage network. Oslo it deals with the environmental variables such as population crowding, housing space, the type of construction material, home garden. As for the third chapter included the analysis of the health setting in the city through the measurement of the efficiency of health centers based on local health standards.With respect to the fourth chapter , it classified the environmental and health destitution areas into several levels. In addition to the most important social and economic characteristics that could contribute to the growing phenomenon of environmental and health destitution in the city. The study came up with a number of results represented as follows : - Most (98.5%) of Basrah city population is within the scope of the environmental destitution. However, there are spatial variation in environmental destitution among the areas of the city, which was the result of a difference to the shortfall in the efficiency of the environmental indicators prevailing in each area of the city. - All areas of the city are within the health destitution, according to the health status indicators mentioned earlier. In the light of the criteria under which were identified the areas of health destitution areas in the city. But there is a spatial disparity in the health destitution levels , which was the result of a difference for the shortfall in the efficiency of health indicators, which is practiced in every neighborhood of the city of the Basrah city. - A set of economic and social factors have contributed to the growing phenomenon of environmental and health destitution in the city such as education, soccupation and monthly income rates

التحليــل الجغـرافـي لمعامل تعبئة الغاز ومحطات الوقود في محافظة البصرة : دراسة في جغرافية الصناعة == Geographical Analysis Of Gas Filling Plants And Fuel Stations In Basra Province (Study At Industrial Geography)

Author name: اسحاق نمر عبد الحسين
Supervisor name: كفاية عبد الله عبد العباس العلي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The marketing of liquid gas has a great importance at present time as a result of its roles in different aspects of life. The daily need of fuel had led to the increased demand of petroleum products for their various uses in industrial, commercial, and domestic fields. Such products represent the most significant factors reflecting economic and social conditions in any society, in addition to the degree of its improvement and development. From that angle comes the importance of this research which aims at detecting the reality of the spatial distribution of filling plants and fuel stations being the most familiar marketing facilities of petroleum industry in Basra Province. The research also aims at exploring the factors affecting the distribution of such facilities and the environmental impacts on surrounding atmospheres. The study results showed that the distribution of the mentioned marketing facilities is adequate with population density at administrative units. Also, there appears to be a group of factors affecting their distribution; among them are natural factors like climate conditions among others, while other factors are epidermal like population, transportation routes, and governmental interference.The current study is made of four chapters. The first of which deals with the historical development of gas filling plants and fuel stations, which reflects its continuous increase to suit population growth since the middle of 1900s till our current time in a proportional manner and to cover local daily need of such products necessary to life. The second chapter in concerned with the functional performance of plants and stations within the geographical area of Basra on accordance with natural and epidermal factors contributing to their establishment and improvement, provided that the current study is the first to examine this crucial facilities in Basra. The third chapter concerns the classification of such facilities according to different bases like ownership, required manpower, and their capacities. In addition to that, it sheds the light on their spatial distribution by using normative degrees as an accurate statistical method showing their disparity in administrative units related to Basra with reference to population count and economic activity. Also, the correlation coefficient refers to differences of factors affecting such distribution, like population size, the distance from supplying sources, transportation routes, etc. Then comes the fourth chapter which is dedicated to detect monthly and annual supply sources and rates of factories represented by South Oil Company which in turn represents about 60 - 70 % of the liquid gas quantities supplied in the Province, while the rate of the second supplying source represented in Basra Refinery is about 30 - 40 % only, because the gas produced therewith is a subsequent of refining operations. As for the process of supplying stations with fuel, it is made clear that all stations working in Basra receive daily supply according to weekly - organized plans to determine quantities of each station and supplying port with reference to importance and geographical location. The Study shows the presence of several problems affecting the work mechanism of these important marketing facilities. Among them are problems with factories and stations, like vaporization and the lack of power supply, as well as other problems of facilities resulting from pollution and other reasons. The most important results of the study show that all filling plants and fuel stations acting in Basra are controlled by a weekly supply plans organized by Gas Filling Company and Oil Products Distribution Company on accordance with the importance and geographical location of each plants and stations. In addition, the study shows the spatial misdistribution of filling plants and fuel stations, as some plants and stations are seen to have density in certain administrative unit while others are not. As example, the centers of Al - Zubair and Abu Al - Khaseeb territories are characterized with the density of gas filling plants and fuel stations; as three plants for each and on the rate of 21,42 %, in addition to 11 and 12 fuel stations on the rate of 31,25 % and 14,45 % for each respectively. On the other hand, the center of Midaina territory and nearby areas (Ezz Al - Din and Al - Sadeq) are empty of filling plants despite the high population density. This matter requires the rely upon the filling plant in Qurnah territory, which is the main source of covering local consuming need of the two territories.

التركيب التعليمي لسكان قضاء المدينة == The Educational Structure Of The Population Of The Medina

Author name: محمد سجاد عبد محسن
Supervisor name: صادق جعفر ابراهيم
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: لاشك ان التعليم بجوانبه المتعددة يعد من اهم ركائز التنمية البشرية وابرز مؤشراتها، وهو حجر الاساس لرقي وتقدم الشعوب، فضلا عن كونه الركن الاهم القادر على خلق وبناء العناصر البشرية المؤهلة لاستغلال الموارد الطبيعية التي لا تكفل تحقيق التنمية بمعزل عن وجود ال | There is no doubt that education with its multiple aspects is one of the most important human development pillars and the leading indicators, which is the foundation stone for the advancement and progress of peoples, as well as being the most important corner of the capability of creating and building qualified human resources for the exploitation of natural resources which do not ensure development in isolation from the presence of capable and qualified human element to exploit those resources optimally. The research aims to identify an important characteristic. The most important characteristics of the population is the educational status which is one of the main indicators of the extent of the community's awareness and intellectual maturity, and the extent of his awareness of the importance of education, the study addressed the gender and age combination and environmental distribution of the population and then spatial variation of illiteracy and subsidence and infiltration as well as the reality of Education with judiciary, and the subject of the enrollment to Education and then Relative distribution of the population at various stages of education, starting from the case of illiteracy and ending with the postgraduate studies at the level of the judiciary as a whole and at the level of provincial units. The study also linked the status of education with demographic indicators, other economic indicators such as fertility , occupation and the relationship with each other and then this relation was tested by a factor of Spearman correlation. The last chapter of the study came to the most influential variables in the educational structure of the population of the city and the search for contrast factors among the administrative units of judiciary and the spatial relations that explain this discrepancy and explains these changes and studying the temporal difference in the educational structure and the knowledge of the change in the educational structure of the population that happened between the years (1997 and 2014) of the studying area, especially after the wars and the economic blockade. The researcher used the analytical descriptive approach supported by statistical tactics to detect the spatial variation of the phenomenon being studied, as well as searching for the variables that help the researcher in the interpretation of spatial variation of the educational installation and geographic factors affecting the contrasts in the phenomenon studied. With regard to the sources of the study, it has been relied on the data released by the Ministry of Planning, represented with sources, official pamphlets as well as letters and published research and scientific journals and theses. The study used statistical bag of Social Sciences (SPSS) to show the simple Order Spearman correlation coefficient and also used standard class and the study consisted of five chapters as well as the introduction and conclusion.The study found many conclusions including finding a positive development in educational services (1997 / 1998 - 2013 / 2014) both in terms of increasing the number of schools or preparing the pupils and students and the increasing in students enrolled in the academic for the year (2013/2014) in the primary stage and the secondary due to multiple social and economic factors, as well as the increasing of the number of female of primary and secondary stage during the period (1997 / 1998 - 2013 / 2014) and the happening of a large leak in the primary and secondary school start from (2009 - 2010) until (2013/2014) with a gradual decline to the last year. As for Illiteracy, it has concentrated in the group age of (15 - 44) as the percentage reached (45.5%) in 1997 and fell to (41.2% ) and reduction of the illiteracy rate of the population of the judiciary (12 years and above)from (32%) to (26.9%) for the period (1997 - 2014), also the illiteracy rates is higher for females than males for the same period with the direction to decrease for both types. The illiteracy rate drops in rural areas compared to urban areas for all administrative units because of inadequate services in rural areas as the study reached a high illiteracy rate in part of Imam Sadiq and EzAldeen Saleem in 1997 by (49.3% and 46.5%), respectively, each with a decline in 2014 plus the existence of an inverse relationship between education and fertility since the high level of education leads to a decline in the number of births, and vice versa, as well as a strong and positive relationship between education and the profession, as education affects in the different type of occupation, as well as the low quality of the educational levels during the period of the study due to mismanagement and negligence experienced by administrative units. The study also showed a high female ratios in educational levels in 2014, it is high in comparison to 1997 and the search reached a high degree certificate holder (elementary - and higher) in analogy between urban and rural areas for the years (1997 and 2014) and this is the result of group of forces and standing variables product set List forces and variables in the community of studying area that have been addressed in detail.

تاثير الخصائص المناخية في تركيز وترسيب ملوثات الهواء في محافظات البصرة وذي قار وميسان == The Impact Of Climatic Characteristics On Concentration And Deposition Of Air Pollutants In The Provinces Of Basra, Dhi Qar & Maysan

Author name: شاكر عبد عايد الزيدي
Supervisor name: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تهدف هذه الدراسة الى دراسة وتحليل تاثير الخصائص المناخية في تركيز وترسيب ملوثات الهواء في محافظات البصرة وذي قار وميسان , وذلك من خلال جمع البيانات المناخية من الهياة العامة للانواء الجوية العراقية وتبويبها ومن ثم تحليل الخرائط الطقسية للمستوى الضغطي (100 | The aim of study is an analyzing the impact of the climatic characteristics in the concentration of air pollutants in provinces of Basra, Dhi Qar and Maysan, through collection and classifying the climate data which were got from the Iraqi meteorological organization and seismology , also th collection and analyzing the maps liturgical to level barotraumas (1000) milli bars from web site (Vortex Plymouth and NOAA ) for the period from (2003 to 2014) the purposes of analyzing them is to know the occurrences systems piezoelectricity which are effect on the, area of the study, of each them, and studying the climatic effects of associated with them to knowing its impact on the concentrations of polluting gases to the air and amounts falling dust variation over an study area of the study.The study deals wthe the measurement of concentrations of a range of gases in different locations in the region of the study and then compare them with previous studies and compared with the normal limits of gases in the atmosphere These gases are (mono carbon CO dioxide, and dual dioxide, CO2, and sulfur dioxide SO2, nitrogen oxides (NOx , NO2 , NO)In thes study we also collect falling dust samples per month for (September 2013 / August 2014)in nine location from (9) in the region of the study and weight them by using private balance then we record their weights for each location after wards the samples were collected every three months to represent one of the seasons and then analyzed them in a central laboratory of Iraqi Ministry of Environment to see the concentrations of heavy elements blended with falling dust particles has been confirmed on four heavy elements (copper, lead, nickel and iron) so we tested (36) samples seasons in each therefore a total of them were 144 checks, and then we study the impact of climatic characteristics in contrast temporal and spatial amounts falling dust qualitative and contrast the concentrations of heavy metals in the monitoring sites. The results of study : 1. All the rates at concentration which were recorded during the period (September 2013 / August 2014) exceeded the natural concentration for mono gas carbon dioxide (CO) in the air (0.1ppm).2 The climatic elements as the high temperatures and differing wind speed are impacting in the temporal variation of concentrations of gas (CO) in the measurement locations in Hartha site record in the month of(CO) was the highest in May,It was 20 ppm.3. All registered rates of concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) during the period (September 2013 / August 2014) exceeded the (CO2) concentration rate which were recorded before the Industrial Revolution (285ppm) in all measurement sites4.The climatic characteristics have been influence on the contrast of the spatial of the concentrations rates of (CO2) where the concentration rate of (CO2) was recorded(389.3ppm) in a technical college site in January, while it was recorded (400.7ppm) May and same way it was recorded 480 ppm in Alhabboubi square site in February while it increased in July until 630 ppm.5. The dual concentrations of sulfur dioxide gas rates (SO2) exceeded its natural concentration in the atmosphere of (0.001ppm( in all measurement locations6. The climatic characteristics have been influence on the contrast of concentrations levels of (SO2) per month in measurement sites during the period (September 2013 / August 2014),where it was (3.7ppm) in umm Qasr in January while it reached to(10.9ppm) month in April.7. The concentrations rate Monoxide nitrogen (NO) exceeded natural gas level in air (0.0025) at all measurement locations for all months during the period (September 2013/August 2014)8 A climatic characteristics contribute to vary the concentrations rates of (NO) in the measurement sites in limit time.The concentration rates of ( no ) were recorded (2.4ppm) Fao station in January while it rose to (4.0ppm ) in June.9. It is found that the concentrations of binary rates of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exceeded the normal limits for the amount of gas in the air (0.01) in all measurement sites and for all months during the period (September 2013 / August 2014).10. The climatic characteristics have been influence on spatial contrast of the concentrations rates of (NO2) by months, in the measurement sites through divergence concentrations rates between cold months and hot months where the concentration rate of (NO2) was (12.2ppm) in the Fao site in January while it rose to (20.6ppm) in June.11. There is a variation amount of falling dust above monitor sites according to environmental monitor sites and according by time (September 2013 / August 2014),Thus recorded the Environment office in Dhi Qar site recorded a highest amount of falling dust at September (93.1 g / m2 / month) formed (26% ) of the total amount of dust recorded in September, while the lowest amount of falling dust was recorded in Al - ishar site site for the same month,it was (15.3 g / m2 / month) by (4.3%)12. The environmental monitor sites recorded a lowst amount of dust in January where the more amount of dust was recorded in the Environment office in Dhi Qar site , it was (29.6 g / m2 / month) while the lowest amount of dust was record in FAO station ,it was (4.2 g / m2 / month).13. The properties of hot season have been influence in the recorder amount of dust which were recorded in the environmental monitor sites , However the dust amounts which were recorded in June , July and August, more than that were recorded in December , January and February the highest falling amounts of dust were recorded in the environment department in Dhi Qar site (78 g / m2 / month) in June and the lowest of it was recorded in the Qurna (18.9 g / m2 / month(14. The volumes of falling dust were recorded more amount in the transitional seasons than the rest of the months in year. The highest amount were recorded in October while the lowest were recorded in the cold season , where all monitor sites were recorded the lowest amounts in January.15 The study demonstrated by measuring the concentrations of heavy metals in falling dust samples that the highest concentration of the element copper was recorded in Fao site in the summer theoretical separation (148.9 g / m 3), while the lowest concentrationwas in the theoretical spring (11.6 g / m 3) Environment office in Dhi Qar site.16. The highest concentration of lead was recorded in Basra Environment office in site element of in the autumn theoretical separation , it was (76 g / m 3), while the lowest concentrations were recorded in Environment office in Dhi Qar site at winter (11.4 g / m 17. The highest concentration of nickel element was recorded in Environment office site in Dhi Qar in all seasons of the year and the highest was in summer (117.3 g / m3) and the lowest was in winter (108.2 g / m 3).18. There is a high iron concentrations in the falling dust samples which were measured in all monitor sites and in all seasons so the highest concentration s were recorded in summer in each environmental monitor location.

اثر تغير المناخ في تغير العلاقة بين المنظومات الجوية السطحية والعليا فوق العراق == The Impact Of Climate Change In The Changing Relationship Between Surface Pressure Systems And The Upper Pressure Systems Over Iraq

Author name: عبد العباس عواد لفتة الوائلي
Supervisor name: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تهدف الدراسة الى تحليل اثر تغير المناخ في تغير العلاقة بين المنظومات الضغطية السطحية والمنظومات الضغطية العليا المرافقة لها فوق العراق، من خلال معرفة المنظومات السطحية المؤثرة على مناخه والمتمثلة بالمرتفعات والمنخفضات الجوية والركود الهوائي عند مستوى (100 | The study aims to analyze The impact of climate change in the changing relationship between Surface pressure systems and the upper pressure systems over Iraq, by knowing the surface systems of anticyclones , depressions and Col aerial at (1000) hpa, the upper phenomena over the air waves (Transverse, troughs and ridges) at (500) hpa, and the Jet streams (sub - tropical and sub - polar) at (200) hpa and at (300) hpa , And the impact of change in climatic characteristics change over Iraq from the temperature minimum, maximum, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure and rainfall. This was based on the collection and analysis of maps ritual daily and balances (1200 GMT) and published in the global telecommunications network (the Internet), including meteorological center in the state of Plymouth United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and calculate the number of days survival systems piezoelectricity totalitarian high and low and the recession over parts of Iraq, Iraq has been divided into three area ((Northern, central and southern) By latitude, has been mapping the surface ritual and upper analysis for the period (1950 / 1951 - 1960 / 1961) the first as a cycle and (2003 / 2004 - 2013 / 2014) as a cycle second., and extract the monthly average and its percentage of comparing and calculating the change in those systems piezoelectricity, where Iraq is exposed to several types of systems piezoelectricity It is a conflict between different types of systems surface piezoelectricity, and through the study area it became clear that Iraq is exposed to more than (13) Pressure systems, including five high represented at Siberian high, European , Sub - Tropical , Azzurri and local, and eight depressions systems represented Indian low,Sudanese, the Mediterranean Sea, the Arabian Peninsula, seas west Asia (Depressions Caspian and Black) , the red sea , the local sea and integrated, and the phenomenon of Col aerial.The study consisted of six chapters, the first chapter will be of two sections first ensure that the theoretical framework and methodology of the study and the second examined the impact of global climate change in the change Iraq climate, The second chapter studied the anticyclones and the upper phenomena accompanying the two above, while the third chapter two sections included first studied the subject depressions and upper phenomena associated with them for two sessions, while he fifth chapter dealt with the changing relationship between surface depressions and waves upper and jet streams, Chapter VI dealt with the impact of the changing relationship between totalitarian systems Sainopetical surface and upper change in climatic characteristics over Iraq The study found : 1. The phenomenon of climate change, which increased change the natural characteristics of the atmosphere, where human factors form the basis of the source of this phenomenon is caused by the launched of gases in the atmosphere are increasing, leading to climate change and its impact on the changing relationship between systems piezoelectricity surface systems upper accompanying her.2.The study revealed a clear change in the duration of survival systems piezoelectricity high surface systems piezoelectricity upper accompanying over Iraq between sessions, where Siberian - Anticyclone and the European Anticyclone a rate and a higher percentage back in the second round than in the first session, while the high subtropical he scored low in recurrence of the number of days survival rate in the second session In the first session, despite the limited number of days remaining in the month with indentations accompanying high rate, and the average number of days the survival to Azzurrian anticyclone and Local anticyclone in this month there appeared in the first session and did not demonstrate in the second session.3. high for the survival of anticyclones and depressions influential and that contributed to the weather and climate change Iraq, but it was accompanied by such systems high accompany the zonal index review and the sub - tropical jet stream in the second session the largest percentage of troughs and ridges and the sub - polar jet stream.4.there are suborbital jet streams it was speeds did not exceed (44 m / s) the highest and the duration of stay of sub - polar jet stream which was his speed in the first session (40, 45, 48) m / s, while Speed down in the second session to (35, 30 , 35) m / s over the northern region and medium region and Southern region, respectively, but it was more to accompany the anti cyclones of the sub - polar jet streams except December and January Monthly.5.Change the relationship between those systems which led to the change of climate characteristics, which increased temperatures and decreased relative humidity and atmospheric pressure values have changed over the study stations.6.It shows that the air depressions in the month (December , January , February and March) was to accompany troughs have a rate more frequent than the waves transverse and ridges, but it changed in the second session so that the waves became reviewed more escort her from the troughs in addition to the high recurrence jet streams rate sub - Tropical accompanying her.7.Increase repeat phenomenon Col aerial in the transitional seasons and less in cold season and warm season is due to be in the transitional seasons where meet systems range surface piezoelectricity high and low for wrestle over Iraq, allowing his chances to be the phenomenon of Col aerial before that occupies a strong same area system, leading to higher survival rate in spite of the limited number of days.

التباين المكاني لقيم الاراضي السكنية في مدينة البصرة == The Positional Discrepancy Of Residential Land Prices In Basrah City

Author name: احمد سراج جابر الاسدي
Supervisor name: عباس عبد الحسن كاظم العيداني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The tittil of this thesis " The positional Discrepancy of Residential Land Prices in Basrah city ". It dealt with land prices discrepany and how it is developed according to the area and position of the land in Basrah city. The thesis studies the factors that lead to this discrepancy It also divides the areas in to residential dissectors. Each dissector includes number of blocks that differ in size and area. This thesis depends on the structural and residential developmentin Basrah city through out the time. the need for residential land There fore , The study includes a comparsion between the prices before and now. The study is included four chapters , The first chapter dealt with the historical development of the residential and building expansion in Basrah city and how land is used for. The second chapter dealt with the desigen and charts of Basrah city as well as the subject of residential areas lacking and the need for new residential areas and number of houses. Thrird chapter dealt with the elements that effect on position discrepancy of land prices in Basrah city. The study is depended on the government information about the subject and the results that are obtained by the scollar from his auestionnaire. The forth chapter dealt with the prediction about in creasing the number of residents and the areas that are needed as well as the e xpansion and residential areas are needed in the city and the future residential

تقييم كفاءة النقل النهري في شط العرب وافاقه المستقبلية : دراسة في جغرافية النقل == Evaluation The Efficiency Of River Transport In The Shatt Al - Arab And Future Prospects A Study In Transportation Geography

Author name: عبد الودود عبد الرضا عبد
Supervisor name: اسعد عباس هندي الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The river transport in the Shatt Al - Arab is one of the most important economical activitives which has a main role to develop Iraqi economy for along time.That was because setting up Al - Maakel port which is made as amajor outlet for importing and exporting lost of goods through this shipping line that links Iraq with many different countries in the world since 1919 So this activity largely shares in fencing the national economy with yearly revenues , that are obtained through the provided service to river units which sail into this channel by exploiting the potential which donated them. The natural conditions to make safe river navigable in the waterway of the Shatt - Al Arab associated with human efforts that have been able to setup pavements. Those pavements could have this activity through the processing necessary for the operations of handling equipment, as well as the processing of these pavements with losts of stores to save the exported and imported goods with all the necessary infrastructure. However , this activity has stopped completely for more than two decades ,that was from 1980 to 2003 because political events which took place in Iraq. Those bad events caused a very big decline in the performance of river transport elements starting from the infrastructure of the piers which processes followed the falling of the former regime in Iraq.This cause with drew on the efficieng of the navigation channel which has become to contain the sediment which has become an important drawback and main objected river navigation in it and that contributed to the declining numbers of marine units that were faring this channel which led to decreased amounts of mobile goods through it , All these reasons has gathered to influence on the Iraq,s commercial fleet and worked to weaken it , while the mass of river transport with various forms and sizes were major means to transport people and goods to many cities on both banks of the river in Iraq and they transported to other countries specially Arabian gulf states. Shat Al - Arab has plenty of natural ingredients that could return it to be better than it was in the case of investment by benefiting from of developed countries , as it can take advantage of these ingredients to establish a tourist activity compete in its imports a lot of activities that require a lot of expenses by depending on the monuments' and religious shrines which lies close to the coast line. As we know Shatt Al - Arab surrounding with large area of fertile bottomlands on both banks that we will support farmer , moreover it also will support the national economy and that will happen by exporting a agricultural to many countries in area specially Arabian gulf countries. Further more , lots of economical activities that depends on that river as a source of the work and getting money by doing som activities such as fishing. In spite of - the governments go towards investment ,but that investment didn't rise to the required level , and that failure investment makes the efficiency of the river transport elements requires extra efforts to promote with it through greating financial and managerial system takes care to this task then fore this will bring an increase in the value of venues versus expenses

الكفاءة الانتاجية للنظم الحيازية والانماط المزرعية في قضاء القرنة == Production Efficiency Of Possessory Systems And Agricultural Patterns In Qurna District

Author name: حسنة خزعل موازي الشريفي
Supervisor name: محمد رمضان محمد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تمثل الارض اهم مصادر الثروة الوطنية فهي من الموارد التي لايعادلها مورد طبيعي اخر بصفتها الشرط الاول للانتاج الزراعي، لذلك فان مسالة تطوير القطاع الزراعي والنهوض به يستلزم الاستثمار الامثل لهذا العنصر للوصول لانتاج مرض من مختلف المحاصيل لسد الاحتياجات | Land is the most important resource of national Wealth, being the first element of agricultural production. So, the development of the agricultural sector requires the optimal exploitation of this element to reach a satisfactory production of various crops that corer the local needs, or part of them, or go to exportation However, Land exploitation house varied from place to place and from season to season due to several factors. Thus the current study aims to revel the impact of some of these factors, namely ownership systems and agricultural patterns, on the efficiency of land exploitation. The Qurna centre, has been chosen for this field study. The study depended basically on field work to collect data; a comprehend sive survey for (948) properties in (10) counties representing (21.3%) of the total (47) countries of Qurna District was carried out. This surrey enabled the researcher to arrive at the actual state of land exploitation in planting crops in summer and winter seasons. The techniques used in the study which include the crop density factor and analysis of variance revealed that ownership systems and agricultural patterns common in the District of Qurna have an impact on agricultural land exploitation, as there are significant differences revealed; the crop density factor varied among ownership types; agrarian reform lands, private property lands.Results also indicate that land dispel is caused by a number of factors. The most important of these factors are : Land salinity, fluctuation of the amount of litigation water and change in quality, agricultural pests, and Lower motivation to from work in most rural Labour force due to increasing production cost and work importation policies of craps especially after 2003

مصادر الاملاح الذائبة في مياه نهر الفرات ضمن محافظة المثنى == The Sources Of Dissolved Salts In Euphrates River At Muthanna Province

Author name: كريم خلف محل الموسوي
Supervisor name: صفاء عبد الامير رشم الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: يعد نهر الفرات المصدر الاساس لمياه الانشطة المنزلية والصناعية والزراعية في محافظة المثنى، وذلك بسبب انتفاء او ندرة مصادر المياه الاخرى. وقد اهتم موضوع هذه الدراسة بالتعرف على الاملاح الذائبة المتواجدة في مياه النهر، ووصف المصادر الرئيسة لتلك الاملاح ولاس | Due to scarcity of other water resources, Euphrates River has been considered as a fundamental source of water used for domestic, industrial and agricultural purposes all over Muthanna Governorate. The study has concerned a number of objectives such as identifying the particular salt melted in the river, describing its main sources ( in particular these of high level) and to discover the interrelation between melted salt and water quality to determine the convenience of various usage. Four different sites are distributed Along the Euphrates River where (16) samples of river - water as well as (2) samples of waste water haven been taken during the four year season. Accordingly, various laboratory tests have been done to investigate physical and chemical properties. These include the total dissolved salt (TDS), electric conductivity (EC) in addition to main cations and anions. Both of Shatt Al - Atshan and Samawa sites indicate highest concentrations of (TDS) in comparison with Shatt Al - Saable and Al - Khudhir sites. Generally, in comparison with global average, Euphrates River is well known of its high ionic composition. It can be said that Sodium dominates the cations as well as Chloride dominates the anions. Throughout Muthanna governorate, agriculture activities together with Al - Atshan stream have been considered the main sources of melted salt in Euphrates River. Whilst, the chemical composition of the river is clearly affecting by river - draining, ground water - flowing as well as dissolved gypsum and lime stones along with activities of aquatic organisms. As a matter of fact, the dissolved salt has affected the quality of river - water and its hygienic usages. In line with WHO, FAO and Iraqi standard measurement have indicated that the river - water of the mentioned four sites is not useful for the purpose of drinking and irrigation, yet it is proper for livestock and poultry. However, this water is not beneficial for industrial usages

الخصائص النوعية لمياه شط العرب وكرمة علي قرب محطات توليد الطاقة الحرارية

Author name: مروة فريد عودة العطبي
Supervisor name: حمدان باجي نوماس
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت الدراسة الحالية تقييم الخصائص النوعية لمياه شط العرب وكرمة علي قرب محطات توليد الطاقة الحرارية اخذت عينات من الماء وحللت على اساس فصلين الصيف (اب) والشتاء (كانون الثاني) خلال عامي (2014 - 2015) وبواقع ست عينات لثلاثة مواقع لمحطة النجيبية اذ يقع الموق | The present study deals with the assessment of the qualitative properties of Shat Al Arab and Gharmat Ali water near thermal power stations. Samples of water were taken and analyzed on the basis of two - season approach , summer (August ) and winter (January ) during the period (2014 - 2015 ) , 6 samples per 3 sites. The first site lies at the water discharge zone. The second one lies at about 500 m the station westwards. The third site lies about 500 m the station eastward. furthermore , 3 sites were selected to the Al Hartha station. The first site lies at water discharge zone. The second site lies about 750 m the station Northward. the third site is about 500 m the station Southward. The focus was led on 14 parameters out of other water qualitative parameters which have a decisive effect affecting water potability , water suitability for irrigation , environment and industry. They are : EC , total dissolved solids (TDS) , Chloride , Sodium , Magnesium , Calcium , Magnesium , Bicarbonate , Base , BOD , Sulphate , suspended solids and total hardiness. The results of the present study explained the rate of electrical conductivity (2 ,4 - 3,3 - 3,4 ) d Siemens / m and (4 , 2 - 3 , 5 - 4 ,8 ) d Siemens / m for Al Najibiyah station. the rates of the dissolved solids values were also reported : (1516 - 2108 - 2170 ) mlg / ltr for Al Hartha and (2717 - 2295 - 3050 ) mlg / ltr for Al Najibiyah. the rate of Chloride values ranged (308 - 300 - 405 ) mlg / ltr for Al Hartha and (209 - 368 - 509 ) mlg / ltr for Al Najibiyah.The rate of Potassium values ranged (75,2 - 80,8 - 50 ) mlg / ltr for Al Hartha and (153 - 120 - 110 ) mlg / ltr for Al Najibiyah. The rate of Calcium values (164 - 140 - 196 ) mlg /ltr for Al Hartha and (180 - 200 - 212 ) mlg / ltr for Al Najibiyah. Magnesium value rates ranged (106 - 100 - 120 ) mlg / ltr for Al Hartha and (124 - 133 - 165 ) mlg /ltr for Al Najibiyah. Bicarbonate value rates ranged (284 - 249 - 315 ) mlg / ltr for Al Hartha and (442 - 515 - 436 ) mlg / ltr for Al Najibiyah respectively. Base value rates ranged (205 - 220 - 215 ) mlg / ltr for Al Hartha and (295 - 310 - 330 ) for Al Najibiyah. concentration rate of BOD was within the range of (4,5 - 5,2 - 6 ) mlg / ltr for Al Hartha station and (4,2 - 6,25 - 8 ) mlg / ltr for Al Najibiyah station respectively. Sulphate value rates ranged (710 - 530 - 100 ) mlg / ltr for Al Hartha and (278 - 169 - 275 ) mlg / ltr for Al Najibiyah respectively. suspended solids value rates ranged (21 - 82 - 85 ) mlg / ltr for Al Najibiyah. the water of the stations under study is hard. Total hardness value ranged (865 - 900 - 1000 ) mlg / ltr for Al Hartha and (905 - 920 - 980 ) mlg / ltr for Al Najibiyah. The study reflected a clear - cut deterioration in Shat Al Arab water properties that electrical conductivity and TDS have got both increased in both stations Furthermore , Chloride ion concentration was recorded to be higher than that of Bicarbonate and the later is higher than that of Sulphate while Calcium ion concentration was recorded to be higher than that of Magnesium. Moreover , the study demonstrated differences in the concentration of Sodium and Potassium ion as well as the suspended solids seasonally. Using such water for the purpose of drinking , irrigation and industry results in growing problems in terms of salinity and toxicity. It also brings drastic damages since most of which pass over the maximum limits approved by WHO.

نقل النفط واثره على التنمية الاقتصادية في محافظة البصرة باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (G.I.S) : دراسة في جغرافية النقل == Transportation Of Oil And Its Effect On Economic Development In Basra Governorate Using Geographic Information Systems G.I.S

Author name: علي حسين خميس
Supervisor name: اسعد عباس هندي الاسدي | طارق جمعة المولى
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study discussed the subject is one of the most important and prominent geographical and economic themes, which is one of the pillars of economic development, a topic that transport crude oil from the province of Basra, to the importance of the strategic role played by the crude oil in the economic development for the province of Basra, first and Iraq second, using geographic information systems (G.I.S) in order to draw a digital data of the study area as a base of geographic studies or other subsequent studies of other base.Reviewed with it the historical development of the transportation of crude oil in Iraq and the province of Basra since 1925 and until the year 2013, with touched on the most important historical developments and changes that have affected the transportation of crude oil from the Basra Governorate process. And it focused on the stage after 2003 until 2013 as crude oil transfer process undergone numerous historical Bmnattvat affected positively and negatively on the activity of transport crude oil from the province. It has also pointed to the geographical distribution of oil fields in Basra province and through the number of fields and the amount of crude oil reserves are being drawn by the futuristic image of the crude oil transportation and economic development operations.This thesis also addressed the study of natural and human factors, geographical variables fact have a significant impact on the quantities of crude oil transported from the Basra province to the rest of Iraq, or those transferred quantities to export. Especially since natural factors is the fact that a variety of Basra province, lies between the two sides, one nautical overlooking the bay Barre and the other linked with the rest of the Iraqi provinces, making this natural factors take an influential role different aspects. The human factors have been touched them as they represent the reality of man in the study area and other factors exceeded the geographical area of study like the factors of economic and demand and other factors affecting human limits. This is in order to understand the most important geographical challenges facing crude oil transfer process.The study discussed the means of transporting crude oil networks took place in the province of Basra, crude oil pipelines and knowledge of the energies of those pipe - borne and the quantities in which domestic consumption, the study of the oil ports and energies and the quantities transported through them abroad during the period 2003 - 2013, the study pointed to the logistics support to transport crude oil being one of the essential elements to you can not do without them in this process, especially since these processes are constantly flow and allow the transfer of crude oil from the province of Basra.She noted this thesis to contribute to the importance of the transfer of crude oil from the province of Basra on economic development on the GDP and economic activities, economic and trade balance of Iraq during the period 2003 - 2013, also touched on other aspects of the role of the shortage of crude oil from the province of Basra to the economic development of the productive sectors and companies that using movable crude oil from the province of Basra from this side. On the other hand contributed to the study identifies the role of the transfer of crude oil from Basra province, regional economic development through the revenues that accrue to the province of production and transportation of crude oil operations for the duration of the study

التحليل المكاني لخريطة حرمان خدمات البنى التحتية في مدينة البصرة : دراسة في جغرافية المدن == A Spatial Analysis Of The Deprivation Map Of Infrastructure Services In Basrah City (A Study In Urban Geography)

Author name: اديان رسن عبد الصاحب الساعدي
Supervisor name: عباس عبد الحسن كاظم العيداني | طارق جمعة علي المولى
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: ان من مسؤوليات الجغرافي هو الاهتمام بخدمات البنى التحتية في مدينة البصرة وتسليط الضوء عليها كونها تشكل اساس النمو الحضري وذلك من خلال دراسة وتحليل خريطة الحرمان لخدمات البنى التحتية في مدينة البصرة وبيان مدى امكانية تحسين مستوى تلك الخدمات وتطويرها في ضو | The interest in infrastructure services, in the city of Basrah, as it forms the basis of urban growth of the city of Basrah, is the responsibility of a geographical expert. This could be done through studying and analyzing deprivation map of infrastructure services in Basra city, and showing the possibility of improving and developing the services level in the light of geographical variables of the said city. As the efficient availability of such services would contribute to the formation of healthy and safe environment through which people practice, on daily basis, their daily activities. This would be reflected on the development and progress of Basrah city and bringing prosperity to people.Also, the current study examines (a Spatial Analysis of the Deprivation Map of Infrastructure Services in Basrah City) determining the research problem through searching for deprivation areas in different locations in Basrah. In accordance with the problem of deprivation, study hypotheses have been placed. Deprivation problems could be overcome through provision of best services to citizens in addition to the researcher's pursuit to identify the distribution pattern of deprivation within Basra different districts.Besides, Basrah has been chosen as a study place as it is one of the most significant cities across Iraq. Basrah population has increased, thus there is an increasing demand on infrastructure services.The researcher focuses on deprivation areas and its impact on citizens based on the field study, and then matching the level of infrastructure services in Basrah with the need of citizens of such services, and with approved criteria. The study has reached to the fact that there is a shortcoming in the provision of services in some districts, services are insufficient and poorly distributed, and do not comply with the approved criteria and poorly distributed. Finally, the study has come up with a number of solutions to address deprivation in infrastructure services and develop such services to achieve prosperity for citizens of Basrah.

تحليل جغرافي سياسي للسكان في محافظة خوزستان الايرانية == Geographical Analysis Of Political Population In The Iranian Province Of Khuzestan

Author name: حسين قاسم محمد فرج الياسري
Supervisor name: ظاهر عبد الزهرة خضير الربيعي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تتناول هذه الدراسة تحليل جغرافي سياسي لسكان محافظة خوزستان الايرانية التي تنقسم الى (27 وحدة ادارية) لابراز دورها في القوة الشمولية لايران. والكشف عن تاثير السكان في محافظة خوزستان في القوة السياسية للدولة ودور الخصائص السكانية في بناء تلك القوة حاضرا وم | This study deals with political geographical analysis of the population in Iran's Khuzestan province, which is divided into (27 administrative unit) to highlight its role in the totalitarian power of Iran. The disclosure of the impact of population in the province of Khuzestan in the political power of the state and the role of demographics in the construction of such a force present and future, and a bug that impedes achieve this, given that the population has a direct impact and indirectly in building political power through its impact on the overall development of political, economic and social dimensions. it was among the reasons to choose the province is enjoying an important strategic location of Iran, a relatively large economic potential, particularly large reserves of crude oil, and many water resources and soil suitable for agricultural production, and harmony demographic among its population in spite of national diversity, and geographic reach population with southern Iraq, and the lack of a previous study The study followed the approach of power analysis, one of the approved curriculum in the geo - political studies in the analysis and evaluation of the population in Khuzestan province, as well as historical approach which emphasizes the time dimension in the link between the past, present and future of the population in influencing the power of the state. The study comes four chapters include a set of detectives, as well as the foreground and the findings and recommendations, and the sources and supplements and English abstract, attached maps and the shape, illustrative tables for easy reading and comparisons. And included the first chapter the historical development of the province of Khuzestan, and passed by the historical events of the population and their settlement where, changes in administrative borders in order to shed light on some facts and new concepts that are overlooked by the sources and previous research, The second chapter dealt with the geo - economic characteristics (natural and economic) to detect strength and Jeopoltekeya politically conservative and its impact on population characteristics, while the third chapter demographics of size, growth and distribution and installation of a population in order to know and influence characteristics of the population in political power, and finally dealt the final chapter the future of the population in the province by population comparison with other provinces in some important characteristics in the measurement of force in order to know the province and rank the contribution of the population in the power of the state, and expectations of future.

نقل الغاز الطبيعي في محافظة البصرة وافاقه المستقبلية == Transportation Of Natural Gas And Its On Economic Development In The Province Of Basra And Prospects Four Future

Author name: ايناس عامر سعدون
Supervisor name: اسعد عباس هندي الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Natural gas is characterized as a cleaner fuel and less emissions issue is an important source of thermal, mechanical and electrical energy, Iraq is one of the important countries in the natural gas production has been affected by the exploitation of gas in it at two levels energy level and the level of raw material used in the industry. But there are several problems with this vital wealth of them face burned natural gas volumes that are still ongoing in making this source is fully invested investment. The study suggests recognize the reality of the natural gas transmission in the study area and identified the administrative border of the province of Basra, which is located in the southern part of Iraq, the study showed the development of processes natural gas in the province of Basra through several stages starting from the stage of discovery to the point now, also addressed the transport specificity of these industry, because the natural dry gas and liquid can not be transferred to transport normal, but requires a transportation specialist for this purpose, especially liquefied natural gas, as well as the transmission lines to the industry's need for logistical support services and the heads of big money, whether by pipeline or tanker trucks or gas tankers liquefied LPG. But this vital factor is influenced by many factors that delimiters him in a positive or negative affect in the process of transportation of natural gas in Iraq in general and Basra province, especially the lead to control the functioning of the most important of these factors lines are natural controls and human factors, the study revealed the role natural gas produced and transported in the gross domestic product of Iraq. the study also addressed the financial amounts that are receivable from amounts of petro dollars to support economic development projects, as well as the study of future prospects for the projects, production and transport of natural gas, and thus the study came out conclusions aimed at the development of the natural gas industry and the advancement of the current betterment being contribute to the strengthening of the national economy, and will be discussed and explained in detail through the chapters of the message.

تقييم كفاءة الخدمات المجتمعية التعليمية والصحية والترفيهية في مدينة القرنة == An Evaluation Of The Sufficieny Of The Social Services ( Educationl, Health And Recreationl In Al - Qurna Town

Author name: علي غانم ياسين المالكي
Supervisor name: رعد ياسين محمد الحسن
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت هذه الرسالة دراسة تقييم كفاءة الخدمات التعليمية والصحية والترفيهية في مدينة القرنة، والتي ظهر من خلالها حاجة المدينة الى المزيد من المؤسسات التعليمية حيث ان عددها الحالي هو اقل بكثير من عدد طلبتها. اما بالنسبة للمؤسسات الصحية فهي الاخرى شانها شان ا

النقل بالسكك الحديدية على طريق (بغداد - البصرة) وافاقة المستقبلية : دراسة في جغرافيا النقل == Transportation By Railway Line (Baghdad - Basra) And Future Prospects

Author name: اماني حسين عبد الرزاق البراك
Supervisor name: اسعد عباس هندي الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The research addresses the reality of (Baghdad - Basra) railway line from several aspects , the historical development of the line and the natural and anthropogenic factors affecting line and study commercial activity for the line and the application of theory and study of main problems and obstacles and prospects for the future, Chapter I dealt with the study of the historical development of the railways over two distinct historic, first starts with the actual beginning in establishing railway lines in Iraq in 1912 as the Germans celebrating the laid of foundation stone for a railway project. The first train was running in 1914 and the First World War had a role in the evolution of the Iraqi railways for reasons imposed by the war. The Department then moved to the Iraqi Government in 1932, after which Iraqi railways have seen a set of accomplishments and some of the reforms can be considered a turning point in its history. The second stage started in 1950 and is a founding Board of Reconstruction as well as improved Iraq oil revenues; this phase has seen quantum leaps in railway projects in Iraq generally and on the Baghdad - Basra rail line.During the years (1930 - 1979) Iraqi Railways was able to conduct lots of works by improving its network and has made great achievements reflected positively on the carriage of goods and passengers, but began to decline in the 1980s.Following the outbreak of war as the Iraq - Iran war, the Gulf war and subsequent economic blockade and the 2003 Gulf war, which have impacted negatively on the railway, despite subsequent attempts at reconstruction until 2014 but the situation is still deteriorating, The only Iraqi railway line that stayed operational is (Baghdad - Basra) most other lines stopped working. As elements of the Iraqi rail transport experienced these stages up and down , that decrease the number of Baghdad - Basra line stations (40) station and several viaducts and bridges with 635 and 430 round arch and 500,000 concrete girder, 578,000 wooden keel , 9049 rail truck of various types. Chapter II dealt with geographical factors that effects direct and indirect impact on rail traffic on the line (Baghdad - Basra) including natural factors such as geographic location, geological structure, soil Surface topography, climate, and water resources which have great impact on the establishment of a network of railways on the Baghdad - Basra line where the track and cost, as well as the impact of these factors on the growth of rail transport and movement. There are also human factors played an important role in influencing the rail traffic on the line (Baghdad - Basra) and painted features of economic development of that region being the dominant governing factors and dominant were these factors Population growth in the study area and the political factor was decisive was the most prominent among these factors were influential in charting the backwardness and decline of railway line (Baghdad - Basra) as well as the economic factor, which demonstrated its impact on railway development in the 1970s and a decline in railway line following the decline of the Iraqi economy in the 1980s and subsequent decades. Chapter III dealt with the evolution of the activity of (Baghdad - Basra) railway line during the study period (1997 - 2014) that witnessed diverse activities of (Baghdad - Basra) railway line which addressed in the following three periods : - 1. The period of 1997 - 2002 has accomplished the transportation of 6,035,914 travelers achieving revenue of 11,638,973,250 dinars as well as cargo reached 872,290,305 tons achieving revenues in the amount of 19,135,173,559 dinars.2. The period of 2003 - 2008 in which 346,797 passengers transported achieving revenue of 982,550,275 dinars as well as cargo reached 1,425,729 tones achieving revenue of 8,145,372,660 Dinars.3. the period of 2009 - 2014 the total transported were 1,022,946 passengers, which achieved revenues of 11,638,973,250 Dinars as well as 3,388,686 tons of cargos that achieved revenue of 41520922169 Dinars Chapter IV dealt with the application of theory to wait found statistical results for my waiting on line stations (Baghdad - Basra) we came up with : 1 - 1. Despite of recording low waiting periods both in loading or unloading shipments, but this does not mean that the efficiency of such stations but has other reasons such as lack of trains or the lack of loaded or unloaded cargos.2. There are disparities in unloading and loading periods at the same station, sometimes due to the type of goods loaded or discharged.3. Despite the rise in the level of services, some stations recorded high rates of wait time due to large numbers trains in stations or additional reasons such as strict security measures followed in those stations, as Baghdad station.2 - 4. It appears through the research that some stations in spite of its limited capabilities, but performed significant tasks in the field of rail transportation as a Umm Qasr, which handling most Iraqi commercial activities, on the other hand stations like Maa”kal though it have tremendous capabilities but offering almost no services due to the lack of activities at Maa’kal port 5. Generally, the study recorded a decline in transportation by rail line (Baghdad - Basra) when compared to the rest of the railway services in neighboring countries.6. The study recorded a clear decline in railway transportation on (Baghdad - Basra) line due the reluctance of many transportation services of contracting with the Iraqi railways, and the adoption of other land transportation as alternative. - Chapter v dealt with the study of the problems and constraints of (Baghdad - Basra) railway line and future prospects we are as follows : - 1. The growth in the number of stations was slow in the study period as well as the growth of rail lines, making (Baghdad - Basra) railway line almost static and stabile. In sometimes numbers of passengers or freights went down as in 2007 were recorded.Despite slow growth, factors affecting (Baghdad - Basra) railway line will continue to evolve and progress in the future if the railways management, the Ministry of transport and other designated ministries like Ministry of planning and finance considered ways and plans to improve the railways in Iraq generally and Baghdad - Basra line due to its strategic importance

التحليل الجغرافي للنشاط الاقتصادي في قضاء ابي الخصيب واتجاهاته المستقبلية للمدة 1997 - 2015 == Geographical Analysis Of The Economic Activities And Their Future Tendencies In Abu - Al - Khaseeb In The Years 1997 - 2015

Author name: احمد رزاق جعو عداي الفرطوسي
Supervisor name: عبد الامير كاسب مزعل
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: اكدت توجهات الجغرافية الحديثة على دراسة الموضوعات التي تعالج احوال السكان الاقتصادية، وكانت هذه الرسالة بدراسة النشاط الاقتصادي للسكان قضاء ابي الخصيب وللمدة (1997 - 2015)، اي دراسة( السكان النشيطين اقتصاديا) بوصفهم يمثلون هوية البلد الاقتصادية واتجاهه الا | The modern trends in geography emphasize the study of topics that deal with the demographic settings. This study is an investigation of the economic activity of the population in the town of Abu al - khaseeb during the years 1997 - 2015.ln other words, it studies the economically producing people who make the economic identity of the country and its economic situation in a way that affects the social and economic well - being of the society. The study has been carried out in the south of Iraq, exactly in Abu Al - Khaseeb in the southeastern part of Basrah governorate. Abu Al - Khaseeb covers an area of 1152km2 (6% of the total area of the governorate which is 19070km2) The study attempts to analyze the spatial variation of the economic activity of the population in Abu Al - Khaseeb and to show the size and distribution of the labour force and defining the changes in the tendencies of this activity across the different locations of the area under study. The study contains a spatial analysis of the labour force and its distribution according to the economic activities. It also discusses the measures of the labour forces maps, data and figures are also used to meet the needs of the study.The study revealed that the size of the labour force (the economically producing peoply) in 1997 was 62226(49.9%)in number in the urban areas and 2532(27.4%)in the rural areas. In 2015,the economic activity increased especially in the urban areas.As for the distributin according to the labour type,the study revealed that the paid labourers in the town centre came in the first position in the years 1997 - 2015(53.5%and 47.6% respectively). In the rural areas in 1997, the labour type of work - for - oneself took the first position(43%)whereas the paid labourers type was first(45%)in 2015 because the rate of the type of work - for - oneself fell down in 2015.In 1997,the type of the producing workers(7,8,9)and those related to them came in the first position(25%). In 2015, the job of civil servants and clerks(3)was in the first position(40%)and that meant that there was a trend towards working in the governmental institutions after 2003 loecaue the percentage in 2015 was higher than that of 1997. In 1997, the average of unemployment in the area under study was 25% in the town centre 20% in the urban areas and 10% in the rural areas. In 2015, the unemployment was 30% in the town centre,25% in the urban areas and 12% in the rural areas. This indicated that unemployment increased more in 2015 than in 1997 because most of the productive and industrial institutions stopped working. In addition, the economic policy of the country changed and shifted towards that of the market.As for the future perspectives, moving of the population to the rural areas and the phenomenon of Both saline water are highly affecting agriculture. Most of the agricultural activities are fading away. The agricultural production becomes very low and agriculture, in general, is not supported or encouraged. Besides and because of all this, people who are economically active are shifting to the public centre. And the financial deficit has impacted the economic activists on practicing their activities, especially. The ones that hold certificates from universities a fter, the lack of work opportunities in all the countries seta abolishment’s which caused the number of unemployed people to be increased especially at the years of 2013 - 2014 - 2015.

صناعة طحن الحبوب في محافظة البصرة : دراسة في جغرافية الصناعة == Grain Grinding Industry In Basrah Province (A Study In The Geography Of Industry)

Author name: محمد علي جبر المساعد
Supervisor name: كفاية عبد الله عبد العباس العلي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Through the study of grain grinding industry in Basrah province, knowing its present status and passing by the stages of its development and shedding lights on the potentials that led to its endemicity in the province, the study reached at the following results : 1. The fifties of the previous century witnessed a transformation in grain grinding industry in Basrah where technical grain grinding mills were used instead of stone grinding ones. The first technical mill was erected in 1955 (Basrah Private Grinding Mill).2. The superiority of the private sector in the field of grain grinding where the public sector never enter the industry until 2012 when Alfarahiedi governmental grinding mill was erected. 3. The number of grain grinding mills increased during the period of study. They were nine mills in 2000 and increased to 16 mills in 2015 in a growth average about 21.14% in spite of the military and economic circumstances in the country. The number of the workers in this industry increased from 465 in 2000 to 714 in 2015. The amount of wages given to them increased from 223312 Iraqi Dinars in 2000 to 359828 Iraqi Dinars in 2015. The price of production increased from 2498617 Iraqi Dinars in 2000 to 19898402 Iraqi Dinars in 2015. The price of the production stuff increased also but in a lesser degree where its price was 2184610 Iraqi Dinars in 2000 to 9895436 Iraqi Dinars in 2015. This indicates a healthy state represented by achieving efficiency, for the concept of efficiency indicates the degree industrial development. 4. Grain grinding mills are connected to the state enterprise for grain industry by contracting with it to supply them with the raw material and grind it according to a monthly plan issued by the ministry of trade for a sum of money. This limits the possibility of increasing production. Great part of the production capacity is idled; where the study showed that the actual sum of the designed production capacity for grain grinding mills is about 3231 tons per day in 2015, while the actual amount of production was only 1975 tons per day. This indicates that a great amount of production is idled; it is about 1256 tons per day which makes 38.87 % of the designed capacity. 5. The province has a great population; it is about (2818802) according to the approximations of 2015, they make (7.63%) of the population of Iraq which is about (36933714). This population is distributed into 548921 families in the different administrative districts. The greater number of the population lies in ALBasrah District; it is about 1385403 which make 6. 49.15%. Azubair District comes in the second place; where the number of the population is about 496923 which make 17.63% of the total population of the province. 7. There is an obvious shortage in the grain production in the province. Rice crop for example never existed throughout the study period. Barely crop is very little. The study clarifies that there is a great shortage in the wheat crop to the extent that the production amount in the province does not suffice the people more than a month or two. The province production was about 44529 tons in 2015 whereas the need of the province was 398194 tons which make about 11.18% for the same year. This led to satisfy the need in either of two ways : transferring from other provinces, and importing from abroad. 8. Grain grinding mills occupy areas of land that make about 124150 m2. Alfarahiedi governmental grinding mill's share makes about 36.25% of the total area occupied by grinding mills. The area of buildings makes 33250 m2. Again Alfarahiedi governmental grinding mill makes about 15.04%, while AlBasrah grinding mill makes 11.58% of the total area of the buildings. 9. The field study showed that the spatial distribution of the mills was centered in AlBasrah District, where 14 technical grinding mills lie, this makes 87.5% of the total number of the technical grinding mills. It also included four small stone grinding mills in a percentage of 50% of the total number of such mills. Alqurna District came in the second place with two mills one of them is technical and the other is stone grinding one. This makes 6.25% of the total number of the technical mills in the province and 12.5% of the total number of stone mills. Abi Alkhaseeb District came in the third place with one technical mill that represents 6.25% of the total number of the technical mills in the province. Almedina District included two stone mills representing 25% of the total number of such mills in the province. Finally, Azubair District included one stone mill with 12.5 % of the total number of such mills in the province. Faw and Shatt - el - Arab districts do not have any kind of mills. 10. The study identifies a number of problems that face grain grinding industry in the province; most of them are connected with (raw material, production problems, spatial distribution, and water availability, caning and covering problems, power supplies, funding, work power, environmental pollution). 11. The study of the correlation coefficient of some of the independent variables with the indicators of the development in the number of grain grinding mills, the following results have been found : a) There a strong and positive relationship between most of the factors and the number of the industrial establishments ranges between (0.341+, 997+).b) There is an inverse relationship between the area variable and the number of the establishments (0.33 - ).c) The variable of the number of ration centers came first in terms of the strength of correlation with the number of grain grinding mills in the province.d) There is a positive relationship between (urban inhabitants, work power, share capital, transportation roads, raw material, water supplies, rural inhabitants) it was about (0,957+, 0,962+, 0,854+, 0,544+, 0,542+, 0,342+) respectively. 12. Studying the future directions for the development markers of grain grinding industry in the province for the period (2015 - 2030), the study found out the following : a) The number of grain grinding establishments will be 18 in 2020 and 20 in 2025 and 22 in 2030. The change percentage for the period (2015 - 2030) is 38%.b) The number of the workers in grain grinding establishments will be 783 in 2020 and 863 in 2025 and 943 in 2030. Thus, the change percentage for the period (2015 - 2030) is 32%.c) The amount of money paid for the workers will be 382272 Iraqi Dinars in 2020 and 419443 Iraqi Dinars in 2025 and 456613 in 2030. Thus, the change percentage for the period (2015 - 2030) is 32%.d) The price of production stuff will be 2065141 Iraqi Dinars in 2020, then it will decrease to 2041169 in 2025, then it will decrease again to 2017196 in 2030. Thus, the change percentage for the period (2015 - 2030) is minus 8 - %. e) The price of the production in grain grinding establishments will be 2619848 in 2020 and 2656323 in 2025 and 2692799 in 2030. Thus, the change percentage of the production prices for the period (2015 - 2030) is 3%.f) The additional value in grain grinding establishments will be 314003,5 Iraqi Dinars in 2020 and 314009,2 in 2025 and 314014,9 in 2030. Thus, the change percentage of the additional value for the period (2015 - 2030) is 0.02%.

قضاء سوق الشيوخ : دراسة في الجغرافية الاقليمية باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية GIS == Suk Al - Shuykh District A Study In Regional Geography By Using Ceogrphic Information Systeme (GIS)

Author name: عماد زيدان حمد الخفاجي
Supervisor name: طارق جمعة علي المولى
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The research deals with a regional study about Suq Al - Shouk district, which is situated to the south of Thi - Qar province. A previous study about Suq Al - Shouk with its five sub - towns is not available therefore, the researcher had to depend on the field study, observation, watching the different geographical changes through personal interviews.The reason for the choice of subject represents the geographical significance of the study area, because it represents an essential part of the marshes of south of Iraq in addition to its being within a part of sedimentary plateau and the Western Hills, so the region has a significant geographical difference.The objective of the research is to identify the human and natural characteristics of the study area and most importanty spatial geographical factor relationships. The researcher made use of the modern (GIS) geographic technology in addition to the ways and statistical techniques to show the results taken from the study and to prove the hypotheses.The Scientific necessity led to divide the reaserch into four chapters, the first chapter deals with the natural characteristics which include : the geographical location, the geological structure, the surface, the climate, the water resources, the soil and the natural vegetation. The second chapter deals with the populations characteristics, while the third chapter deals with the economic activity of the population of the district. The fourth chapter focuses on the development potential of the district which includes : health,education and transportation services. The study has been consolidated by (49) tables, (40) maps, (28) charts, in addition to illustrations.It was obvious from study that the district depends on the water of the Euphrates river and its branches, and the levels of this water are subject to fluctuation, and also it was obvious that the high increase of the population size of the district during the period of the study at a growth rate of 4.5%. As for agriculture. The study has shown that the area planted with date palms at the rate of 34.5% has the first rank compared with the other crops, whereas cows have the first rank of the livestock at the rate of 59% of the total livestock in the district.In addition the district has different types of industries, notably the construction industry like bricks and blocks and many other industries lice : timber, craft and food. As for the developmental side, it is obviously clear that there are many important archaeological sites in addition to the marshes which will enhance the tourist side of the distrust. The study also reveals an obvious shortage in the number of doctors and in the number of schools according to age groups.The researcher has included a number of proposals at the end of the search in which he thinks they are the suitable solutions to deal with the problem of his research, the most important of which is to make a rural development in the district to protect the local production from neglect, and to develop the tourist side, and to increase the government support to farmers, The researcher hopes that he has contributed to enriching the geographical library with a study about an important area from the areas in Iraq, and success is from God.

السكن العشوائي في مدينة العمارة : دراسة في جغرافية المدن == Squatter Settlement In Amara City - A Study In Urban Geography

Author name: احمد صيهود هاشم البهادلي
Supervisor name: صلاح هاشم زغير الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت الدراسة مشكلة واقعية اخذت بالتزايد مع ازدياد معدلات النمو السكاني، وزيادة ظاهرتي الفقر والبطالة، وتعد هذه المشكلة تحديا للنظام الاجتماعي والاقتصادي وعقبة اساسية من عقبات التنمية الاجتماعية والثقافية، فالنمو غير الاعتيادي في حجم المناطق السكنية | The study dealt with realistic problem took increasing with the increasing rates of population growth, increasing poverty and unemployment, and the longer this problem is a challenge for social and economic system and basic obstacle of obstacles to social and cultural development, growth is unusual in the size of the random residential areas and the continuation of its appearance, and depending on Mcespbadtha Making control of this growth is difficult irks authorities planning and executive authorities in major cities of the developing world and thus become more of the problems bearing on the reality of city life and structure, as it suffers a lot of cities around the world from the results and the effects of this problem, namely (random settlements served) or slums) or (excesses areas) or (Housing informal or Allasm) No matter how diversified and varied concepts and names it means one thing : It is a moving problem on the reality of the city to Matnottagh effects and cons of urban life. In light of the foregoing this study came to its objectives and hypotheses to address the current problem within the city of Amara, as the study titled (slums in the city of Amarah).Search launched by several variables adopted in this study in order to highlight and illustrate the problem and its size within and its impact on urban life of the city of Amara, the study area was the most prominent are trespassing on the land and the establishment of housing illegal and irregular and are unplanned. The expansion also is planned and random, which resulted in the expansion of slums and the lack of municipal and administrative control of the stakeholders in the city.The letter was included (23) map and (73) and a table (19) form and (17) the image as well as supplements and sources Conclusion very English.The letter came out a set of the most important conclusions that the presence of this kind of random housing is planned to revive the city of Amara, the result of rising land prices and rents as well as the lack of planning policy intact. The slums in the study area due to a natural extension of the study site area which attracted the attention of immigrants to as Maysan province, on the one hand and the availability of employment opportunities in the other. The presence of these slums has a negative effect on the overall what exists In the study service area of all kinds. The these areas and despite the disadvantages that characterized the lack of public services and the infrastructure Fa it's considered a place populated by large numbers of people who suffer from a shortage to a lack of formal housing, also found the results of the study to clarify the concept of zones and random reasons tion within the study area

العلاقات المكانية بين سكان الريف واستعمالات الارض في زراعة محاصيل البستنة في محافظة البصرة == Spatial Relationships Between The Rural Population And The Use Of Land In The Cultivation Of The Farm Crops In Basrah Province

Author name: حيدر ستار مشكل الحجاج
Supervisor name: محمد رمضان محمد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The problem of the study is represented by the inquiry " Is there any spatial variation in the use of land for farm crops cultivation like date - palm cultivation and vegetables? " and " whether there is any spatial variation to rural variables which are related with the rural populations in Basrah province " and whether they (The Independent variables) have an impact in the spatial variation of the use of land in the Cultivation of farm crops (The dependent variable) in Basrah province. The hypothesis confirmed that there is a spatial variation for the variables of the farm crops and rural variables and also we can find that there is a spatial relationship between rural variables which are related to the rural populations (The Independent variables) and farm crops (The dependent variable) in Basrah province. The study indicates to the breadth of area that is occupied by the use of land in the cultivation of the farm crops as ,the rate of its area reached (109982) acre as it represents (53080) of the total crop area which is about (204428) acre. It was also shown that there is a decrease in the area of the ground occupied by the date - palm cultivation in Basrah province. Where it reached in 1952 , (222700) Acres , while it Significantly decreased till it reached in 2015 , (54890) Acre , and the reason for that is due to the negligence in the cultivation of palm for both natural and anthropogenic reasons. It is demonstrated by this study that there is an acceleration rates of growth of population of the rural , as it reached in 1977 , (223184) , While in 2014 , it rose to (550 985) , this increase in the number of rural people is accompanied with an increase in the rural manpower , rural workforce , the agricultural workforce , rural households and the rural households that are awarded the agricultural lands , but "the agricultural manpower" in terms of the relative importance took decreasing till it reached in 1977 ,(130.34%) , While in 2014 , it reached (%6025) and the reason for that is due to the availability of other employment opportunities other than agriculture and get on a fixed income and content.

جيومورفولوجية الجزر النهرية في مجرى نهر الفرات بين مدينتي الناصرية والقرنة باستخدام GIS == The Geomorphology Of The River Islands In Euphrates River Between Al - Nasiriyah And Al - Qurna Cities Using GIS

Author name: ايهاب عزيز درفش الزيادي
Supervisor name: حسين جوبان عريبي المعارضي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت الدراسة ظاهرة الجزر النهرية في مجرى نهر الفرات بين مدينتي الناصرية والقرنة ضمن الحدود الادارية لمحافظتي (ذي قار والبصرة) في جنوب العراق, بطول (126.80) كم, دراسة جيومورفولوجية تطبيقية باستعمال نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS), لفهم وتحديد العوامل الطبي | This study deals with the phenomenon of river islands in the course of the Euphrates River between the two cities of Nasiriyah and Qurna within the administrative borders of the provinces of Dhi Qar and Basrah south of Iraq, for about 126.80 Km. The study makes use of geomorphologic applications by using geographic information systems (GIS) to understand and identify natural and human factors that influence the formation and development of river islands and geomorphologic process, in addition to the morphologic and morphometric characteristics of the islands, as well as human activities and future investments in the region. The study depended on the use of GIS programs and special field study by taking soil and water samples and drawing cross - sections by using (Acoustic Doppler Current Profile).The study area tectonically lies within the unstable pavement which is affected by the undersurface tectonic movements. Geologically, the area is covered by quartet time deposits that are new disjoint sediments like the deposits of the floodplain which result from the previous stages activities of the Tigris and Euphrates. They include old sediments which date back to the Holocene and Pleistocene ages. Topographically, the surface of the region is characterized by gradual decline from the north - west to the southeast which set the general direction of the Euphrates River.It has been noticed that there are a number of natural and human factors that play a prominent role in the formation and development of the river islands. However, the impact, contribution and interaction of these factors vary in the formation of this phenomenon. Where the natural factors represented by the geologic structure, the decline, and the characteristics of ancient and current climate, as well as the human factors represented by building dams and reservoirs on the basin of the Euphrates River, in addition to the different uses of the water (agricultural, industrial, domestic) and building bridges and waste discharge into the river are all factors that contributed to the formation of river islands within the study area.There is a close relationship between the geomorphologic processes and hydrologic characteristics of the flow of the river as well as the aforementioned factors. The processes that contribute to the formation of the islands vary between being of geomorphologic erosion nature or of sediment nature. This has impacted the classification of the islands according to the affecting process. Erosion islands resultant from the geomorphologic erosion operations lie to the north of the study area. Whereas sediment islands resultant from the sediment operations appear in the middle and southern sections of the study area.The variation of river islands in the study area in their types (permanent, seasonal, joint) and in their morphometric characteristics (dimensions, shapes and areas) is due to the geomorphologic processes that formed them.Visual satellite maps and topographic maps and historic evidence for three periods (1972, 1990, and 2015) were used to interpret the geomorphologic changes within a spatial - temporal framework in the study area. Geomorphologic changes included identifying the location of the islands, their formation, development, transference and disappearance within the consecutive years of the study. The change of the islands and variation in their dimensions is resulted from the balance between the water system and the local geomorphologic environment.Twenty two islands appeared in the course of the Euphrates River between Nasiriyah and Qurna in 1972, and (35) islands in (1990) and (69) islands in (2015). It is noticed that most of the islands developed because of the change in the characteristics of geomorphologic processes from on period to another to reach its peak in 2015 to transfer into permanent islands in a percentage of 45% because of the activity of the sedimentation process. It has been found also that the first thing that the islands do as a natural reaction to their formation is dividing the river into subordinate courses in addition to the main course. Thus, the river appears divergent because of these branches; as a result it is described as braided river or divergent river.The degrees and percentages of the river divergence varied spatially and temporally according to the formation and centering of the islands. It has been found that there is an obvious and higher increase in the degree and percentage of divergence in the southern course of the (original Euphrates) than in the northern course. This is due to the fact that the southern course is longer than the northern one in addition to the increase in the centering of the islands in the southern course as a normal result of the increase of length.The study has shown that river operations, which resulted in the formation of geomorphologic shapes, have impacted the present human investments as well as the available potentials. Across its long history, the river contributed in the process of settlement. Its peregrination lead to the change of the locations of some villages and cities on its banks at that time. In addition to its impact on the variation of settlement types along its course. Where, the linear pattern prevails along the course of the Euphrates and its branches in the region.The emergence of river islands also contributed to the existence of a suitable environment for settlement especially in erosion islands in the northern parts of the course. River islands play an effective role on the other activities like agriculture, irrigation, herding and transportation, as well as its impact on tourism activities where they provide many attractive tourism potentials. Moreover, these islands are in the middle of the biggest marshes whether the central marshes or Alhammar marshes adjacent to the study area

الصناعات الصغيرة في قضاءي القرنة والمدينة == Small Industries In The Districts Of Qurna And Medina

Author name: ايناس عبد الستار جبر
Supervisor name: فارس مهدي محمد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تعد الصناعة احدى القطاعات الاقتصادية المهمة، وتظهر اهمية الصناعات الصغيرة من خلال عملية تغيير النمط الاجتماعي والاقتصادي والحضاري لاي مجتمع، من خلال احداث تغيير في هيكلة الايدي العاملة وتركيب المهن، كما تعمل على تقليل التفاوت الاقتصادي بين الوحدات الادار | Industry is considered one of the important economic sectors. The importance of small industries clearly appears through the process of changing the social, economic, and civilized aspects of any society through changing the structure of the workforce and professions. They also work on decreasing the economic variation between the administrative units by improving people's living level. In five chapters, the present study sheds lights on small industries in the districts of Qurna and Medina. Chapter one speaks about; the concept of small industries, their characteristics, classification, importance, and their historical development in these two districts which dates back to the beginnings of the dependence of Iraq in 1921. Chapter two deals with the factors of Industrial settlement and the impact of each of which on the emergence and development of these industries in the two districts. Chapter three tackles the industrial processes of small industries and crafts in the two districts. Chapter four displays the geographical distribution of the small industries in the districts of Qurna and Medina; it falls into two sections, section one includes the geographical distribution of the small industries in the districts according to their administrative units. It appears that there is a spatial variation between the administrative units. In Qurna, there are (418) factories that employ (1176) workers, whereas in Medina, there are (951) factories that employ (2359). Iz - aldeen Saleem region comes in the first place with (43%), the center of Qurna district comes in the second place with (17%), in the third place comes the center of Medina district with (15.8%), Imam Sadiq region maintains place number four with (10.6%), Aldair region occupies place number five with (7.9%), Althagher region comes in the sixth place with (5.7%). Section two points out that there is a variation in the distribution of the type of industry in these two districts. Food industries in Qurna included (150) factories which employ (433) workers, whereas in Medina there are (112) factories which employ (330) workers. As for small construction industries, there are (171) factories in Qurna that employ (606) workers, while there are (608) factories in Medina that employ (1625) workers. In reference to cloth making industry, there are (43) factories in Qurna with (52) workers, while there are (65) factories in Medina with (74) workers. As for engineering industries, there are (11) factories that employ (23) workers, while there are (14) factories in Medina that employ (25) workers. In water transportation industry there are (2) factories in Qurna with (3) workers, whereas in Medina there are (10) factories with (10) workers. Typing and flex advertising industry in Qurna included (4) factories with (4) workers. Craft industries in Qurna involved (155) factories with (190) workers, while in Medina there are (91) factories with (115) workers. Aldair region comes in the first place with (28%), Althagher comes second with (21.6%), Imam Sadiq region comes third with (17.8%), in the fourth place comes the center of Qurna district with (13.4%), Iz - aldeen Saleem region comes fifth with (10.6%), in the sixth and last place comes the center of Medina district with (8.6%). Chapter five studies the industrial structure and compares small industries in the two districts. The number of factories in the two districts is (1369) which employ (3535) workers. There isn’t that much variation in small variation where the structure of industry depended on construction industries, metal industries, furniture and wood industries and others. Chapter six tackles the most important problems that face small industries in the two districts like raw material and variation of its prices, whose origin is mostly from aboard, add to this the problem of marketing because of the competition with foreign products. In addition to unqualified workforce that lack technical ability. Environmental pollution is another issue, though small industries cause less pollution in comparison with big industries, some industries like ice industry in the area of study may cause poisonous suffocation because of Ammonia gas especially when the wind direction is to the east. Weak infrastructure is another problem that hinders the process of transporting the products.

المشاريع الاسكانية - انماطها ودورها في حل ازمة السكن في محافظة البصرة لعام 2015 == Housing Projects : Patterns And Role In Resolving The Housing Crisis In The Province Of Basrah

Author name: ايات عبد الوهاب خريبش العلي
Supervisor name: رعد ياسين محمد الحسن
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: يعد السكن من الحاجات الاساسية المهمة لبناء المجتمع والدولة، ويرتبط ارتباطا وثيقا بالتحضر والتمدن، وبعملية تطور المجتمعات باشكالها الاقتصادية والاجتماعية على مر العصور، لذا فان توفر المسكن هو من اولويات حقوق الانسان والحاجة اليه ضرورية بصورة مستمرة ودا | Housing is one of the basic needs necessary for building society and country. It is closely associated with urbanization and with the process of development in its economic and social forms, along all ages. The availability of a house is a priority of human rights, and the need for it is permanently necessary. Despite the fact that the right to own a house is legislated in the Iraqi constitution, this right hasn't been given serious and enough attention. That's why most Iraqi provinces suffer from a severe housing crisis which hasn't emerged from the current situation only, but it is accumulation of previous years of negligence from the government and its official committees from the one hand and the increase in the population growth as well as the return of the displaced from and out of the other provinces from the other hand. All this led to the emergence of a severe shortage in the number of housing units, where their number becomes far much less than the number of the families. As the time passes the shortage of the housing units increases and the demand for them increases as well. This resulted in very severe decrease in the number of the housing units. Moreover, it caused a sharp deficiency to provide proper housing.The aim of the study was to give a complete picture about the different types of housing projects, governmental or investment projects, in Basrah province. The study referred also to the different housing patterns, their locations and geographic distribution. It emphasized the degree of contribution of these projects in resolving the housing crisis in Basrah. In its third chapters, the study tackled most of the literary and scientific aspects of this topic. In the first chapter, it dealt with the general concepts of house and housing and housing policy. In the second chapter, it dealt with the different housing patterns, their locations and geographic distribution in Basrah. In the third and last chapter, the study gave future insights of the prospective housing projects in the province. The study ended with some suggestions that would contribute to resolving the housing crisis and developing the projects in the province

التركيب الاقتصادي للسكان في قضاء الزبير لسنتي 1997 - 2015 == The Economic Structure of the Inhabitants of AZ-Zubair District for the Period (1997-2015)

Author name: لبنى فالح غالي السيلاوي
Supervisor name: صادق جعفر ابراهيم
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت الدراسة موضوع التركيب الاقتصادي لسكان قضاء الزبير الذي يعد من المواضيع السكانية التي تثير اهتمام الكثير من المختصين الجغرافيين اذ يتم ذلك من خلال دراسة خصائصها الديموغرافية وحجم القوى العاملة والتركيب النوعي والعمري للقوى العاملة ونسبة الاعالة ونس | The study of the economic structure is of a great importance in the population studies for it is one of the topics that evoke the interest of geographical specialists. From this the study gains its importance; hence the study aims at identifying the economic structure of Az - zubair district for the period (1997 - 2015) and the demographic characteristics of the workforce and the aspects of the economic structure which include (economic activity, profession, work state) and the most important affecting factors. Az - zubair region, which lies to the south west of Basrah Province and includes three administrative units (Center of the district, Safwan, Om Qasar) has been chosen to identify the degree of spatial and temporal variation of the workforce according to its size. The researcher depended on the data provided by the general censuses of 1997 and 2015. The study consists of five chapters. The first chapter tackles the demographic characteristics, the size of the workforce, the structure of its types, age groups, the degree of dependence, and the average of the raw economic activity. The second chapter displays the distribution of the workforce according to the environment and type. Chapter three introduces the professional structure of the workforce according to the environment and type. Chapter four provides information about the work state of the workforce. Chapter five tackles the factors that affect the workforce (education and marriage). The study reached at the following results, the agricultural activity came first for the period (1997 - 2015) and the production workers came first also in the district

تغير بعض الخصائص الهيدروكيميائيه لنهر الفرات بين محطتي الناصرية والقرنة - جنوب العراق == The Euphrates Hydro - Chemical Changes From Nassriyah To Qurna South Iraq

Author name: عبد الحسن عبد النبي هاشم حميدي
Supervisor name: حمدان باجي نوماس
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تبين من خلال الدراسة للخصائص الهيدركيميائية لنهر الفرات في القسم الاسفل من حوض, تاثر الموارد المائية كما ونوعا بالعوامل الطبيعة والبشرية. فقد اتضح من خلال الدراسة اثر العوامل الطبيعية المتمثلة بالموقع الجغرافي للمنطقة في القسم الاسفل من الحوص على انخف | This study analysis the Euphrates hydro - chemical water changes at the lower section. the study consists five chapters, the first deals with the factors affecting water changes such as ( Location, Geology, Topography, Climate, Soil, Natural vegetation cover, Irrigation development of riparian countries, dams and reservoirs and pollution).The second chapter represents the hydrological changes of the river. It focus on water sources the annual, seasonal and monthly water discharges. the annual water discharge includes flood year moderate and dry year ,with discharge variation of 946 (1969) cubic meter per second, 344 (1985), and 34.7 (2009) respectively.Chapter three is dedicated for the chemical variations. These includes (T.D.S, T.H, NO3, SO4, Na, K, Ca, Mg, HCo3, PO4, and Do ) for the period (1967 - 1969) compared with the period of (2014) and (2015 - 2016).Chapter four present the effect of hydro - chemical changes on agriculture development, drinking, animal watering, industrial purposes and environment. The study reveals that the river water become unsuitable for the most uses above.Chapter five discuss the Euphrates water management. It includes fair agreement between the riparian states , construction of now reservoirs , applied advancing irrigation methods , controlling of sewage and drainage water intensive agriculture system, developing of people activities and copration with international Organizations.These measure are vitally important to improve water quality and quantity for the lower Euphrates basin.

مصائد الاسماك ومزارع تربيتها في محافظة البصرة == Fisheries And Farms Reared In Basra Province

Author name: علي خضير عباس
Supervisor name: بشرى رمضان ياسين الطه
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Fish wealth has received a great interest by all countries of the world because of its nutritional value and economic importance, the study area is one of the important areas in Iraq in the agricultural production in both its plant and animal production. Fish wealth is of a great importance due to the availability of water bodies in the province represented by the lower part from the stream of the two rivers (Tigris and Euphrates), and Shatt al - Arab. As well as the waters of the marshes. Basra province represents a sea port of Iraq on the Arabian Gulf's head, and provides the other provinces by various types of sea fish , and that these ingredients can be developed and supported to reach self - sufficiency in achieving food security and reducing imports from abroad.The aim of this study is to reveal the reality of the Wealth Fish in Basra province and analysis of the natural and human Constituents to its relationship by this side and diagnosis of problems encountered the process of production. The study gets about its statements from looking at the fish breeding farms in the dusty lakes and the cages and learn about the natural and human factors affecting it.In the different administrative units in Basra province and conducting personal interviews with a number of fishermen in territorial waters and fresh water, and the owners of fish breeding farms as well as the form the questionnaire which included the sea fishing in the territorial waters and breeding farms fish and a laboratory analysis of water samples in (36) model from the waters of Shatt al Arabs and that of three sites of the Shatt al - Arab which are al Deer district and the two districts of al Hartha and al Faw ,and by (12) models for each site for the years (2015 - 2016 ) two bottle glasses are used in the process of models collection. the price of the one is (1) liter, and it is especially in the collection of water samples for the purpose of the laboratory analysis, and the samples were taken from depth of 2 liters of the river. The Study shows the low capita share of Annual Iraqi individual from the fish meat produced locally, which amounted to 1.79 kg / year in 2002,as it became clear that there is a contrast variation in the amounts of fishing from year to year, and this is due to many factors, including the biological state of the fishes or It may return to primitive ways of fishing or the impact of fish stock by the high fishing effort or the allowed Fishing. And the site of Basra province is considered as a featured site because it is the only province in Iraq, which has access to the sea which provides other province by various kinds of fishes and in spite of the scarcity of water resources by upstream countries (Turkey and Iran) that affected the quality of water in the Basra province ,but it can invest these waters in the development of wealth fish , knowing that species produced in these waters with wanted species by the Iraqi people,and resources represent surface as the Tigris and the Euphrates and the Shatt al - Arab river and the insulation river and tables branching them In addition to the marshes like : Al - Qurna Marsh, Al - Swaib Marsh and Al - Hammar Marsh In addition to marine waters That the total length of its coastline64 km. The surface in Basra province and especially (the Sahel sedimentary) is an appropriate to expand fish breeding farms and especially the Low - lying areas and river basin areas and Marshes and Marshy. The elements of the climate have a great impact on the Fishes and the Solar radiation and temperatures in the Basra province are characterized by a long growth season as well as the appropriateness of these two elements for Fish breeding , except in cases of thermal extremism, especially in the hot season. As for Marine fisheries, through the field study , it is clear that the low in the temperatures has an impact on the presence of fish and their going into the deep regions ( the benthic areas ) and become less in the coastal areas as well as the high temperatures on the fishermen, especially with high relative humidity, causing the self troubles to them with the lack of fishing methods to the coolers devices or heating devices in winter, Thereby preventing the hunter to reach out to the hunting. The Rainfall in Basra province does not have that importance in the fish seasons rather than its volatility and its importance lies on reducing the extremism of the temperatures and reducing the evaporation of water from the docks. Wind has its positive and negative impact on fishes. Winds has an effect on the presence and the plenty of the fishes in the fishery according to the direction of the wind as we mentioned earlier in this subject (the subject of the wind). It is shown that the soil of the province, especially the soil of (Sahael sedimentary) is appropriate to establish farms in this activity in the future. It becomes clear that many of the fish farms breeding that were established was considered as encroachment ( it does not have the projects' permission for fish breeding from the Ministry of Water Resources or the failure to obtain approval from the Ministry of oil) and these farms are from the productive farms and the water quality in the area is appropriate for the cultivation of the fish in the freshwater. It is shown that the fish farming in Basra province confined to the breeding in the fresh water only. And that this activity is suffering heavy losses annually due to the sudden changes in the extents salty during the months of the year. In spite of the existence of the laws that direct fishing operations, but often these Laws are breached and doing fishing in these preventing times. Which are the seasons of migration and reproduction which leads to disallow for the fish to proliferate in a proper way, in addition to that, the using of forbidden means in fishing operations, such as toxins and electrocution and explosives, leading to the extermination of all fish including (Chicks of Fish). Field study discovers that irregular nets are used by the fishermen that the catch all the fish, including small fish without leaving them to grow. as well as the failure to provide a new fishing vessels which are able to save the fish for long periods because it does not contain the refrigerated stores. The role of the current agricultural policy is weak in the development of animal production generally and the fish production in particular because of the lack of the provided assistance ,such as loans and production requirements. As well as a lack of cooperative societies which is specialized in the wealth fish in the province of Basra except one association that specializes in this area namely ( Alnaser Association in al Faw district). And the absence of the role of veterinary institutions in Basra province, and the field study is shown that these institutions do not contribute in the treatment and provide medicines for fishes, forcing the owners of the farms to get treatments from the local markets in a high prices. generally in Basra province the wealth fish faces a lot of natural problems and human life that negatively affect the development of this important activity

العلاقات العراقية - الخليجية والاثار المترتبة عليها : دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية == Iraqi Gulf Relations And Implications The Study Of The Geo - Political

Author name: زهراء عباس هندي الاسدي
Supervisor name: ظاهر عبد الزهرة خضير الربيعي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تكتنفها العديد من الحساسية والتشعب نتيجة لطبيعتها المزدوجة التي تجمع بين عناصر التعاون وعناصر الصراع، فقبل غزو العراق للكويت عام 1990 امتازت العلاقات بين الطرفين بالانسجام والتناغم في المصالح المشتركة، الا انها اصيبت بالجهود والانقطاع بسبب الغزو، على | Characterized the study area countries since the different eras that passed by an old "and more recently", the result of several factors geographical and geopolitical and economic, is the center of an "important" global polarization and a place "for international competition, after obtaining the (Iraq and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)) on their independence and to get rid from the hands of the British occupation, it rushed the study area countries to develop their resources and take advantage of its location and enjoy the talent that donated them to nature.Began competition and conflict over the sovereignty and the imposition of leadership in the region and have fought many wars have been targeting the region and to provide financial support and military by the regional powers and international, so it is imposing an economic blockade for 13 years is over, "and then the occupation of Iraq, and the consequent number of variables and physical challenges and political fronts, economic, and security.After the occupation of Iraq by the coalition forces on the ninth of April 2003, the Iraqi GCC relations have witnessed a shift "clear", as it was followed by a fall by the existing political system on the goals and new principles, represented based on good neighborliness and non - interference in the internal affairs policies, and work to build effective and active foreign relations contribute to the realization and promotion of security and stability, and the emphasis on the promotion of economic development, and to stay away from the roads that lead to political blocs. This is stipulated in the Iraqi constitution of 2005 in its article on the eighth of Iraq's foreign relations, believing "in getting rid of the deadlock and sleep unjustified in Iraq's relations with the Gulf Cooperation Council and other countries on the Arab level and the regional and international levels.Iraq - Gulf relations went through several transformations, starting with "the fallout from international conflict and reflected a shadow on the countries of the study area, which represented the United States alone global pole appeared presence during the fall of the socialist camp and the end of the Cold War.So it ruled on the Iraqi - Gulf relations several political and geopolitical variables grown and fed the important factors and differences in the forefront of the ideological and political goals, and this is to be taken up by the researcher.

التحليل الكمي لكفاءة الطـرق بين المراكـز الحضريـة في محافظـة البصـرة == Quantitative Analysis Of Roads Efficiency Between Urban Centers In Basrah Province

Author name: حيــدر عبد الرحمن جــري الحــويــدر
Supervisor name: عباس عبد الحسن كاظم العيداني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تعـد شبكة الطرق البرية احد عناصر نظام النقل المهمة , التي لا تتم عملية النقل بدونها , وتمثل شبكة الطرق البرية على اختلاف اصنافها احدى اهم البنى اللازمة لتصعيد وتائر التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في اي اقليم.تهدف الدراسة الى توضيح دور العوامل الطبيعية وا | Land road network is considered one of the most important elements of transportation , It represents one of the elements that contributes to acceleration and social and economic value of any region. The study aims to investigate the natural factors and human factors that affect the extension of this network in Basrah province in addition to the real situation of transportation in it. The movement of vehicles was observed in the different location. some statistical criteria were used to evaluate its efficiency like Arc Gis 9.3, Excel and SPSS , in map simulation and statistical analysis.The study consist of three chapters. Chapter one deals with the factors and variables and affect the extension of the transportation network. Chapter two deals with real situation of transportation in Basrah province.When was chapter three evaluates the efficiency of the network by using some statistical tests. The study shows the nature of the human and natural elements effect on the extension and operation of the network. there is an increase movement of vehicles on the roads between urban centers which doesn’t match the capacity of these roads, especially during the peak hours and holidays. The study also showed the Inefficient road network linking the urban centers according to the indicators used in the study

الملاءمة المكانية لمرائب النقل في مدينة البصرة : دراسة في جغرافية النقل الحضري == The Place Suitability Of Transportation Parks In Basra City (A Study In Urban Transport)

Author name: وحيـدة داود محمــود الدايني
Supervisor name: عبد الرحمن جري مردان الحويدر
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تتجلى اهمية الملاءمة المكانية في كونها تقدم الدعم اللازم في اختيار المواقع المكانية الملائمة للاستعمالات بشكل عام والحضرية منها على وجه الخصوص، اذ تعد مدينة البصرة ذات بعد تجاري واقتصادي مهم، كونها تضم اعلى تركز لمؤسسات العمل المختلفة صناعية، تجارية، خدم | The place suitability is so important for selecting the suitable places for all uses and for urban uses in particular. This suitability ensures a maximum degree of functional interaction and controls their overall constructional form. Therefore, the study aims at redistributing parks in the city that ensures the required capacity of smooth movement of cars and facilitate the transportation of people with ease and less effort. Basra city, which has economic and commercial importance, and which includes different commercial, industrial and service establishments of public and private sectors creates a high percentage of daily movement of cars, and witnesses a density of population during the traffic jam times in the mornings and the evenings and during festivals. So, there is a need to plan and design the parks in order to achieve their aims successfully. The study consists of three chapters in addition to results and suggestions. The first chapter is about the distribution of Basra parks and the problem of sites. The second chapter discusses the variables that identify the distribution of parks in Basra city, while the third chapter tackles the functional competence of the parks of the city. The study attains a few conclusions; the most significant one is that there are 10 parks in Basra, four of them are off duty for one reason or another, while six of them are working, half of them in the center of the city in Al - Ashar because of its economical, administrational and service significance. The other three parks are in (Al - Kafa’at, Al - Hadi and Alsumud) quarters. The study has also shown that the daily traffic jams that result from the small width of streets and small size of parks and the unavailability of good service in these parks are the main problems that obstruct transportation in the city and its region. By applying the place suitability logarithm, the study has come to show that the present parks of the city are not suitable to most of the people of the city, and the study referred to the necessity of using the methods of Geographic Information Systems GIS in applying this logarithm in order to identify the suitability of the present parks and select the most suitable places for future parks, and this is the aim of the study

اثر النمو الحضري على التخطيط العمراني في مدينة سوق الشيوخ : دراسة في جغرافية المدن == The Impact Of Urban Growth On The Constructional Planning In The City Of 'Suq Al - Shyoukh' A Study In The Urban Geography

Author name: حاكم ناصر حسين الشميساوي
Supervisor name: صلاح هاشم زغير الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: City of Suq al - Shuyukh is the center of Suq al - Shuyukh district ,an administrative unit ,within Dhi Qar Governorate , lies in the southern part of the province with distance of (621.2) hectares and its population amounts of (130,517) inhabitants for 2015 which represents reality of the city consists of (24) residential quarters.The study aims to highlight on the analysis of the phenomenon of urban growth, its trends and problems in the city of Suq al - Shuyukh as well as study the demographics of the city in terms of growth and distribution and composition and population density and urban growth prediction (spatial and population) for the next 10 years until 2025 ,and examine the reality of urban land use to identify the most important problems that stand against this study to put appropriate solutions in order to project future trends.The study includes four chapters divided into topics, within study Chapter I , represents with some demographics indicate that the city of Suq al - Shuyukh has seen significant population growth had reached (1977 - 1987 - 1997 - 2007 - 2015 ).This substantial growth of the population is a reason for increasing the demand for urban land uses ,that moved the expansion of the area of the city along the morphological stagesChapter II ,the first topic through the study of historical stages of city of Suq al - Shuyukh foundation show that the city has gone through four morphological stages ,and in each of these stages formed certain function for the city dominates on the invested spatial space of it gave shape to the city during this phase.Chapter II , second topic, dealt with the spatial distribution reality of urban land uses in the city and shows that the city contains multiple functional uses, represent by residential use which occupied an area of followed by public services ,then transport services area , industrialuse , commercial use , community service , sports use , green and open land use of and religious use was an area ofChapter III , dealing with the study of problems of urban growth in the city of Suq al - Shuyukh , the first topic of the chapter included the study of override problems on basic design of the city ,where rapid urban growth caused multiple problems and significant was the problem of urban housingSo the residential need analysis for the city of Suq al - Shuyukh and its assessment across the increasing population growth, which amounted 3%, which is one of the important topics in housing policies target to solve the housing problem.The second topic is devoted to the study of problems of interference in land use represented by planning and environmentalChapter IV ,dealt with current and future urban growth trends in the city and the first topic is devoted to the future prediction for the city of Suq al - Shuyukh population until 2025 as a total population amounted of (169672) inhabitants as the population growth rate is 3%.While the second topic dealt with urbanization trends for the city of Suq al - Shuyukh to search for future need of urban land use.The study showed that the city of Suq al - Shuyukh needs space of land estimated with(176.2) hectares and this area is out its basic design border as well as identify trends of future urbanization of the city.The study showed that the best directions for future city expansion to the northwest ,south and South - western direction in the absence of artificial and natural features.And then the most important outcomes came of the researcher and design to achieve the objectives of study in the future.

التحليل المكاني لتغير استعمالات الارض السلنية في مدينة البصرة باستخدام الاستشعار عن بعد RS ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية GIS == Spatial Analysis Of The Change In Residential Land Use In The City Of Basrah By Using Remote Sensing And Geographic Information Systems

Author name: مرتضى مظفر سهر الكعبي
Supervisor name: عباس عبد الحسن كاظم العيداني | طارق جمعة علي المولى
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This present study is based on remote sensing RS and geographic information systems GIS as a basis applied to draw Cadastral changes to the residential land use in order to detect the temporal and spatial variations that contributed to the change in the residential land use in the city of Basrah for (1977 - 2016) nearly four decades , they have resulted in changes in the category of use which refers to the Cadastral Acquisitions For residential use on the Cadastral of the rest of the other urban uses (commercial, industrial, service).This is called positive change, while if the urban uses cut off which is referred as a part of the area of the residential using which annexed , this change is called in the category of use negative , as well as the study of the spatial variation to change the pattern of the residential land use which specialized in building a second floor and a tenement was added to the residential units and these differences included all the city's neighborhoods according to the field study which was based on the distribution of the questionnaire Form.The study goes from a basic premise which says that the whole fundamental changes that hit the residential land use in the sort or the residential use pattern was a result of increasing population growth , Immigration and the Cases of displaced as well as the absence of law and the rise of the economic level of the residents from this point of study, it aims to conduct a remote sensing RS and geographic information systems GIS ,depending on several satellite visuals which are different in dates for the production of high - definition maps representing the total Cadastral changes for residential use in the city of Basrah during the four decades of her life.In order to achieve the goal the study were divided into an introduction and four chapters, as the first chapter dealt with digital processing and interpretation of visual and space analysis of the factors influencing the change of residential land use in the city of Basra, while the second chapter touched on the spatial distribution of land use in the city and changes cadastral study, according to availability the visuals of the satellite to four points, which included maps of selected years (1977.1989, 2002.2016) as well as a field study of the researcher. The third chapter pointed to changes in the category of residential uses and patterns in the city, according to (5) vertebrae represented (the stages of growth of the city of Basra and that historically tracked and spatial analysis of the development of residential land use, analysis of residential patterns in the city, changes in the use of residential land in terms of style or class whether in the negative, the study of the most important implications of changes in a class or style residential use. go on fourth chapter in the study of the planning practices of the city's future and the changes of uses of residential land for the period 1942 - 2014 which was addressedto all the basic designs that addressed the city of Basra seemed pre - prepare her basic designs and finishes basic design (development of the city of Basra strategy and updating its basic design) in 2014, So the study reached to a number of important conclusions like : 1. The increasing population growth in the city and the contrast differences in economic levels of the families and the security situation and the availability of labor is a way compressor to changes in the residential uses, either positively or negatively.2. The ( populated, political, social, economic, and transport variables play a pivotal role in the Cadastral variables for residential use.3. The absence of activation of Laws and the deterioration of Oversight reality, especially after the regime change in 2003 was an important catalyst in the encroachment on farmland and empty spaces within the city which belongs to government agencies so the secretion status of random housing is done ,so we find that the freedom of the disposition of the residential units (irregular or random) and in the absence of law this reflected on the residential changes whether this change in the sort or in the pattern positively or negatively.4.The country policy which represents Stakeholders for four decade has its deep impact in finding changes cadastral For the residential use which is marked by the distribution of residential blocks on different segments according circumstances experienced by the country including the study area.

المناخ وعلاقته بالافات التي تصيب المحاصيل الزراعية في محافظة البصرة == Climate And Its Relationship With The Agricultural Pests That Infect Agricultural Crops In Basrah Province

Author name: اية عبد الرضا حامد المازني
Supervisor name: عبد الامام نصار ديري ناصر المظفر
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تعد الافات الزراعية من المشاكل الخطيرة التي تواجه الانتاج الزراعي وللمناخ دور كبير في ظهورها وانتشارها خاصة عندما يشذ عن معدلاته او تفوق او تقل عن متطلبات المحصول. تهدف الدراسة الى تسليط الضوء على العلاقة بين الخصائص المناخية لمحافظة البصرة والافات الزرا | Agricultural pests are regarded serious problems that face agricultural production. Climate has a great role in their appearance especially when its rates go up or down the needs of the crop. The present study aims at shedding light on the relationship between climatic characteristics of Basrah province and the agricultural pests that infect the crops of (palms, wheat, tomato, eggplant, cucumber, watermelon, melon, okra and onion). These agricultural crops have a great economic and trophic importance. Therefore, production rates should be raised and its quality should be improved by observing agricultural pests whether they are diseases or insects that affect the quantity and quality of production. Especially if we know that new insects have entered Iraq like Tuta Absoluta and the Red Palm Weevil which started to affect many agricultural crops. Add t this the endemic diseases like Leaf Blights, Fusarium Wilt, and Powdery Mildew which greatly affect the production despite of the suitability of the climatic conditions and other natural conditions. The collection of the data of the study was done through field work. Four sites were chosen (Karmat Ali, Abo - Alkhaseeb, Aldair, and Az - Zubair) to observe the agricultural pests that infect the crops involved in the study starting from the beginning of the agricultural season 2015 - 2016 and to determine the rate of prevalence for each crop according to the location of prevalence. The study is composed of three chapters in addition to the introduction and conclusions. The first chapter is devoted to the analysis of the climatic characteristics of Basrah province, especially those factors that are related to the agricultural process like solar beams, temperature, relative humidity, winds and dust. Chapter two involved the climatic requirements of the crops under study. Chapter three is concerned with the field observance of the diseases that infected the crops and also the insects and natural plants (grass). The study concluded that the majority of the known diseases appear in different rates on the crops. There appeared also some affections caused by insects especially Tuta Absoluta and Red Palm Weevil. The study also concluded that the prevalence of the diseases and insects didn’t reach to the extent that classify them to be epidemic, their prevalence percentages were somehow reasonable within the season 2015 - 2016.

الاستقرار الريفي في قضاء شط العرب == A Stability Rural In The Shatt Al - Arab District

Author name: لمى غازي عوفي التميمي
Supervisor name: عباس عبد الحسن كاظم العيداني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تهدف الدراسة التعرف على واقع الاستقرار الريفي في منطقة الدراسة والتي تحددت بقضاء شط العرب بحسب وحداته الادارية هي (مركز قضاء شط العرب، ناحية النشوة), اذ اشتمل القضاء على (39) مستقرة ريفية منها (18) مستقرة ريفية تقع ضمن مركز القضاء، و(21) مستقرة ريفية في ن | The aim of this research is to recognize on reality of rural stability in the ears of study, which located at Shatt - al - Arab according to its unit agnosticism, Which is (canton the Shatt al - Arab Center, Canton of Al - Nashua), Which includes (39) rural stable of which (18) are located at Canton Center, and (21) at Al - Nashua township, as Well as that the study improves that that influence 0f the historical dimension to the emergence of rural Settlements as the region Suffers to numerous administrative Changes as merging Al - Nashua township With all its settlements administratively With all Shatt - al - Arab in 1983 after that it Was belonged to Al Qurna township and thus prepare rural Settlements Served increased in the study area.......There are Several factors influenced the distribution of rural stability, including human and other natural and emerged three distributional patterns of Settlements served consisted linear pattern which forms the rate (64.1%) and the accumulated pattern by the rate (12.8%) and the dispersed patterns by the rate(23.1%) of the total numbers stable.The studies showed the variation in sizes settlements some of urban sprawl and its impact on reducing agricultural land area as a result of the process of saie of agricultural land and turn it into housing units resulting from population growth and family fission, as studies addressed the reason that led to the reluctance of farmers for agriculture and showed of farmers for agriculture. Population education, health and marketing as well as study the reality of educational, health and recreational services and the infrastructure as study followed uses of residential, agricultural, industrial and commercial land and therefore the study came out the conclusions aimed at the advelopmement of resistance spot and the advancement of the current betterment will be discussed and explained in detail through the chapters of the message

تحليل جغرافي سياسي للعلاقات العراقية - التركية بعد عام 2003 == A Geographic - Political Analysis Of Iraqi - Turkey Relations Post 2003

Author name: عبد الرحمن علي عبد الرحمن الجادر
Supervisor name: ظاهر عبد الزهرة خضير الربيعي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geopolitics
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: يتناول البحث دراسة العلاقات العراقية - التركية للمدة من (2003 - 2014) من منظور جغرافي سياسي للدولتين يمنحنا تصورا جيوبوليتيكيا عن طبيعة سير العلاقات بينهما توافقا واختلافا؛ نظرا لما شهدته الدولتان من تطورات داخلية في كل منهما؛ اذ تشكل مرحلة ما ب | This study deals with the Iraqi - Turkey relations for the period 2003 - 2014 from political and geographical perspectives. It gives us a clear geopolitical vision of the nature of the relations between these states in cases of Compatibility and disagreement. This period is very important in forming the relations between these two countries, for both of them witnessed some important developments during this period. Iraq witnessed a radical change in its political system after the 9th of April 2003, which creates new political, economic and security situations. Turkey, on the other hand, witnessed the arrival of Turkish Justice and Development Party, with Islamic orientation, to the power in 2002. That arrival, which was accompanied with domestic social, political and economic changes as well as changes in both regional and international relations, makes Turkey a more effective power in the region. The theory of Strategic Depth adopted by turkey has a prominent role in the construction of multiple positive relationships with European, Islamic and Arab countries, including Iraq, and this has reflected on the bilateral relations between Turkey and Iraq.The importance of studying the Iraqi - Turkish relations stems from the importance of their geographical Neighborhood and their mutual effect in the economic, ethnic and political fields such as the Kurdish state, Kirkuk, and water shares that affected Iraqi power and its political entityThe study aims to a comprehensive analysis of the geographical and political components of the two countries in order to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of each ingredient to guide relations between the two countries in order to achieve their political advantage. The study sought to Confirm that the balance in the political relations between Iraq and Turkey is the base of strong relations between the two countries, which determine the direction of their future relations geopolitically.The main findings of this study is that the Iraqi - Turkish relations have moved from being limited to the interference in the internal affairs of Iraq; because of the impact of common issues and the concomitant serious security implications, such as the Kurds' claim of Kirkuk governorate, and ongoing threats of the PKK to Turkey, as well as the water issue on the relations between the two countries. The Turkish political decision - maker, however, is keen to activate diplomacy to promote political and economic relations with Iraq, the resolution of the outstanding problems between the two countries in accordance with the strategic framework envisages not harming the common interests between them. The fruit of those trends was the establishment of the Supreme Council for strategic cooperation between the two countries in 2008, which can represent the basis for strengthening the relations in several areas, including : political, economic and security between the two countries in the future up to the full level of strategic partnership.Although Turkey has the geographical and political components that enable the Turkish decision - maker to exercise an influential role in its relations with Iraq, yet, the political instability in Iraq made it a target of international, regional and Turkish intervention in order to form a new political situation in line with the Turkish political and geopolitical interests; therefore Turkey took advantage of several circumstances to put Iraq under pressure due to the requirements of interest with the absence of Iraqi political vision in handling foreign issues which turns the Iraqi position to be weak if not totally absentHowever, the position of the Turkish political decision - maker changed in 2008 to earnest support of the Iraqi government to preserve the unity of Iraq, its stability to enable Turkey maintaining the unity of the Turkish territory, and to strengthen trade ties with Iraq to increase the volume of trade exchange between the two countries to reach up to (20 billion) dollars in the coming years. Turkey understands that any interference in Iraq's political affairs will affect the process of accession to the EU. So the study emphasized the need to adopt the principle of (political balance with neighboring countries), which consists of several policies represent a mechanism for the Iraqi decision maker to handle with Turkey, other neighboring countries.Iraq represents the link between Turkey and the Arab Gulf States and Southeast Asian countries. While the Turkish neighborhood represents Iraq's outlet to Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan and to all European countries, and the mutual benefits between the two countries strengthen the cooperation to serve their interests together and encourage the two countries to establish good neighborliness. The investment of Turkish human resources and its employment in Iraq is very important, particularly in the economic and military sphere in order to help Iraq recover and the building of the new Iraqi state.It becomes clear that there is a range of forecasts governed by the factors of attraction or repulsion based on the present and future relations between the two countries, if these factors are exploited properly, they will lead to build a prosperous future. The decision - maker in both countries must understand that the two countries complement each other and that the strong relations between the two countries are based on the principles of good neighborliness and the principle of political balance with neighboring countries.

الوظيفة السكنية للمراكز الحضرية في قضاء المدينة == The Residential Function Of The Urban Centers In Al - Mdeyna District

Author name: مريم خيرالله خلف
Supervisor name: رعد ياسين محمد الحسن
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تعد الوظيفة السكنية واحدة من الوظائف المهمة في المدينة كونها ترتبط بتجمعات سكانية كثيرة وكذلك تبرز اهميتها في مجمل الفعاليات والوظائف داخل المدينة فضلا عن اشتراكها مع بقية الوظائف في السيطرة على مساحة الحيز الحضري، كما انها تعنى بواحدة من اهم المتطلبات | The residential Function is considered as one of the important functions in the city ,Because : it is relates so many communities, as Its importance clearly appears in the whole activities and functions within the city, besides its participation with the other functions in controlling the area of the urban space. Residential Function is also concerned with one of the most important and essential human requirements that’s satisfy individual and family instincts, desires and privacies. Even if the city is devoid of some functions, we cannot imagine how a city without residence. Due to the increase of civilization around the world, the importance of residence was increases; Therefore the Residential Function occupies the widest area in all the cities of the world in comparison to what other functions occupy. The importance of the residential function appears from the ratio that occupies compared to the built area and the total space of the cite , But it may increase in the Developing Countries more than the Developed Ones, Because of lot of Specialists were interested in fields and cities’ variant scopes and the problems they suffer from ,They have been interested in the studies concerned with those problems and the attempt to find the properiate solutions. The Urban Studies is considered as one of the most geographical studies that dealt with Residential , due to its relationship with the population and the importance it has on the overall Functional activities in a cities as the industrial, commercial and service - ones. The thesis aims to study the residential function of the urban centers in Al - Mdeyna District by following up the morphological stages those centers passed through, specifying the residential problem and the required methods to handle it. The study aims as well to reveal the residential structure of the urban centers in Al - Mdeyna and the contributed factors in forming the dwelling Fact whence the number of houses, their occupation degree and the constructional status of those houses, as well as to identify the reasons that make such cities unstable residentially, social and construction ally so as to state dwelling regions in it. Since there is no specialized urban studies handled the residential function in the urban centers of Al - Mdeyna district, this study adopt the obtained information from the field study represented by questionnaire, personal interviews and the visits to the related State offices.The nature of this study have required it to contain five chapters : Chapter One, deals with the morphology of the urban centers in Al - Mdeyna and give a historical background about the three centers , Chapter two handles the prototyped design that was drawn for the three cities and evaluating it. Chapter Three deals with the dwelling and city structures adopting a group of variables and criteria to highlight the dwelling districts reality and its locative contrast among the city parts; which, by the residential regions were revealed in the urban centers as studied in Chapter Four. Chapter Five concluded the study by addressing the residence problem in the city and the environmental issues the residential area suffer from, Reveal the reasons of the problem aggravation and the proposed solutions to handle that problem. Several conclusions and Recommendations concluded The Study.

تقييم كفاءة النقل البحري العراقي ودوره في التنمية الاقتصادية : دراسة في جغرافية النقل == Evaluation Of Iraqi Maritime Transportation And Its Role In The Economic Development A Study In Transportation Geography

Author name: نجم الدين عبد الله نجم الحجاج
Supervisor name: اسعد عباس هندي الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Maritime transportation is considered as one of the most important pillars of economy to any state in the world. It is an everlasting resource to that economy that support the treasury of the state. In addition, it is important to both international and internal trade. Ports are the contact points with other foreign states. They are transporters to different kinds of goods and products around the world. Besides, they help in mixing social and cultural relations among costal states and cities.Maritime transportation has pushed all states especially the developed ones to forward different types of investments in this sector due to the huge revenue. It is a useful resource if there is an appropriate economic, social and political climate. Some states rely about 70% on this sector as contribution to their income budgets.Maritime transportation in Iraq is not an exception, on the contrary, it contributes a great deal to the national budget. It contributes to the economic wheel of progress in the country. It is the vital vein to the different stuff of the whole trade. After 2003, there was a recognizable exposure to the world which resulted in overflow of various goods making use of the political change. About 85% of the different goods are imported through maritime transportation. it represent a lung to the country without which there would be a great deficiency.The study falls into five chapters, introduction, abstract, conclusion, and recommendations. Chapter One has two sections. Section one surveys the history of maritime transportation in Iraq. In section two we study the elements of the transportation(ship, road, port). Chapter Two deals with the natural and human resources that may affect the transportation. Chapter Three is devoted to the criteria of performance evaluation of maritime transportation in Iraq by applying these criteria on the elements of transportation. Chapter Four deals with the effect of transportation on the economic development. Chapter Five shows the present situation as well as the future expectation of maritime transportation in Iraq by forwarding future expectation from 5 to 10 years to arrive at changes and development that the transportation could witness

التغيرات المناخية واثرها في تغير التركيب المحصولي في العراق == Climate Change And Its Impact On Crop Structure In Iraq

Author name: فهد احمد فرحان العامود
Supervisor name: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي | بشرى رمضان ياسين الطه
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

صناعة تنقية وتحلية المياه في محافظة البصرة وافاقها المستقبلية == Indastry Of Purification And Desalination Of Water In Province Of Basrah And It'S Future Prospects

Author name: رند عدنان ديوان السعيدان
Supervisor name: فارس مهدي محمد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تبين من خلال الدراسة ان صناعة مياه الشرب احد اهم الصناعات التحويلية وذلك لكونها تخضع لكل متطلبات الصناعة التحويلية حيث تبرز فيها كافة مقومات الانتاج الصناعي من اختيار الموقع الى احتساب الكلفة وتوافر المواد الاولية والايدي العاملة والعمليات الصناعية في مصا | The study shows that water drink production is one of the most important transformational industries since it yields all the requirements of the transformational industry that all constituents of the industrial production emerge beginning from the choosing of the site , the calculation of the cost , the availability of the raw material and workmen and industrial process that take place in the independent factories up to the emergence of the extrinsic or incidental productions and so on. Therefore this study which consiss of five chapters concerns this kind of industry. Chapter One tackles the following : on the introduction to the definition of water and water cycle in nature , the sources of water and water drink qualities and characteristics , the importance of water for humans , the pollution of water drink , and the seasonal and locational discrepancy of the pollution on water drink in the Governorat of Basrah and the impact of this pollution of the public health. Chapter Two is divided into two sections : section one deas with the historical development of the technicality water drink in the Governorat of Basrah while section two deals with the historical development of water drink desalination in the Governorat Chapter Three : Discusses that factors that establish the water drink industry in the Governorat and the imporatance of each factor and its impact. Chapter Four : Demonstrates the geographical distribution of the water drink industry in the Governorat of Basrah. It includes two sections , the first one deals with the geographical distribution of water drink in a province while the second section tackles the geographical distribution of water drink in asector. Chapter Five consist of two sections : The first one surveys the problems concerning the water drink industry in the Governorat while the secand tackles the future prospective of the water drink industry in the Governorat of Basrah. The study has arrived at the following results. The production of water in the Governorat of Basrah in simple traditional ways or methods are the accumulation and precipitation , filteration , sterilization by liquid and powder and chlorine while the desalination stations produce water through reverse ozoination. Water is being refined by ozonization and ultraviolet rays. The natural colonization factors especially that of weather , earth and geological structure , the increase and economic factors especially labourers , raw material , marketing , transportation , government policy and personal or individual desire have affected on limiting , the industrial site. Thus , there is a discrepancy between the geographical distribution of water refinery projects and desalination stations in the Governorat of Basrah. So , there are (132 ) projects for refinement , (12 ) of them are in Basrah district , i.e ; (9.09 % ) , (11) projects are in Abu - Al - Khaseeb district , i.e ; (8.33 % ) , (3) projects in Al - Fao district , i.e ; (2.27 % ) , (4 ) projects are in Al - Zubair district , i.e ; (3.03 %) , (39 ) projects are in Shatt - Al - Arab , i.e ; (12.12 %) projects some of them are in Al - Medyna district , i.e ; (29.54 %) , and ( 47 ) projects are in Al - Qurna district I.e ; (35.62 % ). As regards the private ( domestic ) desalination station their their number in the Governorat is (88) some of them are in Al - Basrah district , i.e ; about (20.45 %) , (8) are in Abi - Al - Khaseeb district , i.e ; about (9.09%) , (1) station is in Al - Fao district , i.e ; about (1.15 %) , (41) stations are in Al - Zubair district , I.e ; (46.59 %) , (2) statios are in Shatt - Al - Arab , i.e; about (2.27%) , (8) stations , same of them are in Al - Mudianya district , about (9.09%) , and (10) stations are in Al - Qurna district , i.e ; about (11.30). Regarding those of the government , their number in the government is (50) desalination stations , (7) of them are in Al - Basrah district , i.e ; about (14%) (2) stations are in Abi - Al - Khaseeb district i.e; about (4%) , (9) stations are in Al - Fao district , i.e ; about (18%) , (6) stations in Al - Zubair district i.e; about (12%) , (8) stations are in Shatt Al - Arab district , i.e; about (16%) , (11) stations are in Al - Mudianyia district , i.e ; about (22%) , and (7) stations are in Al - Qurna district , i.e; about (14%). The number of employees in the refinement projects is ( 1263 ) and the number of those in the desalination stations is ( 406 ). The area of the projects of the water drink refinement is ( 242466) millions square meter in the Governorat of Basrah while the area of desalination stations in the Governorat is (65353) thousands square meters. The production of water refinement projects is ( 735619.625 ) cubic meter /hour. The Basrah district takes over the first rank for the production whil is ( 313433.75 ) cubic meter/ hour ,i.e; (42.65%) of the sum total production in the Governorat of Basrah. Al - Qurna district takes over the second rank for the production whial is (118780.25 ) cubic meter/hour , i.e ; about (16.14%) of the sum total production of the Basrah Governorat while Al - Mudianya district takes over the third rank for the production whial is (96674.375 ) cubic meter , i.e ; (13.14 %) of the sum total production of the Basrah Governorat. Abu - Al - Khaseeb district takes over the fourth rank for the production whial is ( 64875) cube meter/hour , i.e ; ( 8.83%) of the sum total of the production in the Governorat of Basrah while Al - Zubair district takes over the fifth rank for the production whial is (61437.5 ) cube meter / hour , i.e ; (8.35 %) of the sum total production of the Basrah Governorat. Shatt Al - Arab district takes over the sixth rank for the production whial is ( 54768.75 ) cube meter / hour. i.e; ( 7.44%) of the sum total production of the Basrah Governorat. While Al - Fao district takes over the seventh rank for the production whial is (25650) cube meter , i.e; ( 3.49 %) of the sum total The production of the desalination stations is ( 27585) tons/day. Al - Mudianya district takes over the first rank for the production is (8900) tons / day , i.e ; ( 32.25 %) of the sum total production of the Basrah Governorat. Al - Zubair district takes over the second rank for the production whial is (7349) tons / day , i.e ;(26.64 %) of the sum total of the production while Al - Basrah district takes over the third rank for the production whial is ( 4492 ) tons / day , i.e ; ( 16.28 %)of the sum total of the production. Al - Qurna district takes over the fourth rank for the production (4440 ) tons / day , i.e ; (16.09 %) of the sum total of the production while Abi - Al - Khaseeb district takes over the fifth rank for the production whial is ( 1684) tons / day , i.e ; (6.14 %) of the sum total of the production. Al - Fao district takes over the sixth rank for the production whial is (420 ) tons / day , i.e ; ( 1.52 %) of the sum total of the production while Al - Fao district takes over the seventh rank for the production whial is (300) tons/day , i.e ; ( 1.08 %) of the sum total of the production in the Governorat of Basrah. It appears that there have been a number of problems some of which concern the transportation degree (network ) and others concern the quality of water , the invested money , and the employees ( labourers ) , and some others concern the nature of production , the decrease of water levels , the increase of salt.The most important of these problems is the increase of salts for in (2012 ) it reaches the highest in Tigris , i.e ; (1239) milimose /cm on August. And it reaches in the Euphrates (2426 ) milimose / cm during March while salt reaches in Shatt Al - Arab ( the center ) to ( 3561 ) Milimose / cm on October ; it reaches in Shatt Al - Arab ( sehaan ) to (7246 ) milisome / cm during August while it reaches in Shatt Al - Arab ( Al - Lebani ) to ( 4253 ) mi;isome / cm during August. The problem of the decrease of the water level is an effective factor on the process of water drink production that the river water decrease inside the Governorat due to multiplicity of banks and tanks established by the neighbouring countries. This leads to the decrease of water in the Iraqi rivers in a general and in the Governorat in particular. This causes the water to be salty and impure. This decrease also affects on the level of plunger or diver for many water pulling pipes of many refinement projects and consequently the refinement and pumping processes stop at these projects. Moreover , it appears that the problems of networks are considered as a main problem in the pollution of water drink in the Governorat of Basrah being old in age and undergoes constant breakdowns whial lead water greatly to be impure and polluted. Due to these results the individuals share of water in the Governorat of Basrah reaches (275 ) litre / day. These differed among districts that in Basrah district it reaches (239) litre / day , in Abi - Al - Khaseeb it reaches (317 ) litre/ day , in Al - Fao district it reaches (662) litre / day in Al - Zubair district it reaches (130 ) litre / day , in Shatt Al - Arab reaches (341) litre / day , in Al - Qurna district it reaches ( 445 ) litre / day , and in Al - Mudianya district it reaches ( 438 ) litre / day of the collected produced water in the Governorat

اثر الموارد المائية في انتاجية بعض الاراضي الزراعية في قضاء السلمان (محافظة المثنى - العراق) == The Effect Of Water Resources On Productivity Of Some Agricultural Lands In The District Of Al - Salman, Al - Muthanna Province ـــ Iraq

Author name: محـمد فلـيح عـواد الجنابي
Supervisor name: صفاء عبد الامير رشم الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study aim to explain the role of water resources on the production of agricultural soils. This was done through examining the effect of groundwater on the chemiccal properties of agricultural the soils and the role of rainfall the chemeical properties of soils in the center of Salman district, during the period of year 2013 to 2014.. Salman district is loacated in Muthanna province, west of Iraq. It forms about 43.2% of the total area of the province. The geological formations in the study area are different from the third and fourth gelogical ages, with a dmoninating rocks of dolomite, lime, marl and sand rocks. There are many differences in the surface of the study area, where the topographic elevation ranges between 400 m above sea level in the south to 50 m in the north and east north. There are four soil groups recognized in the study area : desert soil, lime rocks, dune and Alluvial soils.These soils are very poor from organic materials and new formed.. The groundwater of the study area is contained from several aquifers especially Dammam and Um - Radhuma formations. Its storage is about 5.341 - 23.918 billion m3, and depended on the infiltration from rainfall on the area and its sourounding lands. The quality of groundwater included testing parameters of total dissolved solid (TDS), electric conductivity (EC) and major dominates the cations and Sulphat (SO4 - ) domnates the anions. The cultivated area of the Salman district about 21103 heactares during the years 2013 to 2014, with domining cereal crops, of 91.92% from the total cultivated area. The groundwater is the main source of irregation, and the amount of water demand for the total area is about 247.093 billion m3 per year. The groundwater contribute for increasing the (TDS) in the soils from 1140 mg/l in the plants soil, while the surface water of rainfall reduces the (TDS) in the soils to 1658 mg/l.

الزحف العمراني لمدينة شط العرب على الاراضي الزراعية باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية : دراسة في جغرافية المدن == The Urban Sprawl Of Shatt Al Arab City On The Agricultural Lands Appling Geographical Information System

Author name: مرتضى مظفر سهر الكعبي
Supervisor name: عباس عبد الحسن كاظم العيداني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: ترمي هذه الدراسة الى الكشف عن التغييرات التي طرات على تقلص الاراضي الزراعية لمدينة شط العرب على اثر الزحف العمراني عليها. حيث تمت مراقبة توسع المدينة على اراضيها الزراعية منذ النشاة وحتى الوقت الحاضر من اجل استنتاج الدوافع والمؤثرات التي ادت الى ان تزحف ا | The aim of this study to detect the changes accord on the reduction of agricultural land of the Shatt al - Arab District as a result of Urban sprawlererSo that it was monitored the sprawler of the city towards its agricultural lands since its commencement till yet to conclude the emotion and effect led to the Urban sprawler towards different direction during the stage of its Urban development or studying the limitation either natural or made by man opponent such this sprawler benefitting from the facilities provided by the GIS systems software. Studying the effects of natural characteristics and changes made by man in its effect or influence on attracting people to the city and there need for residential units for accommodation and then corrosion the agricultural lands which is deemed the basket of city food in addition to its importance pertaining the climate , beatification and environment. Identifying the trends of sprawler of the city so that this study impotence I merged from the importance of the city with the rerate of the studies argue this matter never focus on the Urban sprawler inspire of the change city is witnessed pertaining its population and Urban growth. This study depends upon the historical curricula in appointing the stages of Urban development of the city and the trends of Urban sprawler on the comparative analytical curricula in studying natural specifications and human variables also it accredited the functional curricular in analyzing land usage in regards to its Urban aspects and its functional proficiency by accrediting some plan standards. This study is divided into four chapters proceeded by introduction and followed by conclusion and abstract in English language including tables , maps , figures , whereas the structure and its implication is as follows. First chapter argue the application in studying Urban development of 9 the city , while the second chapter argue the natural features and human variables : Geographical location , its topography soil , water resources and climate. In addition ,the population growth and the geographical distribution. In the third chapter it is argued the land usage in the Shatt Al Arab district included : Residential commercial ,industrial and service usages with the possibility with comparing it with the local standards to identify its functional performance. Fourth chapter discussed the factor of Urban sprawler and then its limitation given entire overview the blank fact of the district represented by basic plans from 1962 till 2004 showing the effect of reduction the agricultural lands as a result of Urban sprawler with identifying the future trends of Urban expansion of the districts. This study concluded group of findings the most important one of which are as follows : 1. The district is expanded during the Urban development stage as it is registered are totaled 14.5 ha since the first construction of the city from 1600 to 1913 , as the district are was increased for the second stage of its Urban expansion to be 45.1 ha ( 1914 to 1957) while third stage had the great rule in expansion the area of the district to be 193.7 ha ( from 1958 - 2002 ) while the last stage upon the economical and social improvement beyond 2003 it is expanded to be 761,3 ha ( from 2003 to 2013)2. As a result of intensive Urban sprawler the area of agricultural farms is decreased as a result of growing population increment from 6285 in 1947 to be 50750 in 2009 agricultural lands is reduced during the term ( 1962 to 1979 ) 556.2 ha to be 346.2 ha during the planning period ( 1980 to 1993) and to be 55.8 for the planning period ( from 1994 to 2004 ) until the during of study.3. The study discovered that 1960 's and 1990 's and 2013 are of the most important points of Urban sprawler on the agricultural lands in Shatt Al Arab district. That’s represented by agricultural lands are done including the location of Basra University , resolution number 18 of 1970 , resolution number 117 of 2000 providing the relevant base of overlapping on agricultural lands in the district and upon the sabotage beyond 2003 it I contributed in merging random construction on the agricultural lands illegally reducing the greenish yard of the district.4. The study shows that there are basis plans of the district proceeded by an attempt to describe the real situation of the district by drawing cad straw maps but all design were prepared for the district are overlapped on by people or the concerned destination to comprehend the population increasing growth or migration movement to the district which is interpreted the failure of the basic plans upon a time of its execution

التركيب المحصولي في محافظة المثنى == Crops In Muthana Governorate

Author name: سعاد عبد الله فضيح
Supervisor name: محمد رمضان محمد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Muthana Governorate has got so many agricultural potentials that it can be an area of crops that match with the geographical features on the one hand and respond to an integral part of the local market needs with reference to foods and ingredients on the other. This study aims at shedding some light on the geographical potentials the governorate, in question, has with reference to crops; identifying the features of each crop, and showing the value of the crops as far as Iraq is concerned. This study is also heading to trace the changes the crops undergo across the special shifts or trends.To fulfill the aims mentioned above, the research worker divides her study into four chapters as well as an introduction and a conclusion. Chapter One is on the characteristics of the crops grown in the Governorate of Muthana. Chapter Two deals with the natural and human resources of the crops. Chapter Three focuses on the geographical crops and Chapter Four sheds the light on productive potentials of each crop.The production of the crops of the years 2003 - 4 through 2010 - 11 was of relative stability. For example, the groups of crops were 5 - 6 in number. These groups included (29) grains that covered the greatest part of the cultivated fields ( 86.89 %) whereas fruits and dates ranked the second ( 6.62 %). The rest of rates were represented by three groups ( 3.69% , 2.5 , and 0.31 ). The winter crops were almost dominating ( 90/31 % - 82.7 % ) with reference to the cultivated areas. The crops that people fed on directly were given a high percentage ( 58.6 %). The forage is given the complementing percentage (51.62 %). The season in question was lacking the crops that could be used as raw material in certain national industries.The crops have witnessed several changes or shifts during the last decades due to the changing circumstances the governorate went through. The shifts in production were of various spatial indexes. These crops could fall into two varieties the first of which included ( 9 )crops that proved to be of a positive index of values between ( 19.970 - 399.266% ) whereas he second variety included ( 3 )crops but of a negative index of values between ( - 1302.297 - 33.257 ).

الجزيـــرة الحراريــة والراحة البايومناخية لمدينـة السماوة == Heat Island And Bioclamitic Comfort The City Of Samawah

Author name: فاطمة راضي ساجت الجابري
Supervisor name: عبد الامام نصار ديري ناصر المظفر
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تهدف الدراسة الى التعرف على الخصائص المناخية في مدينة السماوة , خاصة درجات الحرارة والرطوبة وسرعة الرياح للكشف عن وجود جزر حرارية, كذلك دراسة العوامل المؤثرة عليها واثرها في راحة الانسان , وبالتالي تسهم الدراسة في التنمية والتخطيط المستقبلي للمدينة.عتمد | This study aims to define the effect of the climatic characteristics in the Samawa city, especially the temperature , humidity, wind speed and to discover the islands heat to enable. Also this study aim to stop the effect of pollution on human comfort. us to make use from the results in planning side for future to Samawa city This study come according to the field work which divides the samawa city to eight axes covered the whole city. and ensure that each axis number of monitoring points and the ( Intersection of the Court) of the city center. cruising him by team coach ,and has operations field monitoring by measuring devices (Digital)to measure the temperature and relative humidity for all the seasons of the year. July represents summer season. October represents autumn season. January represents winter season. April represents spring season. The study contains four chapter the first chapter the relationship of heats island with climates elements that affects on the elements.The second chapter included affected factors on the city temperatures It resulted from factors converging natural and human factors the most important factors are the natural bodies of water that divides the city into two parts, in addition to the impact of climate characteristics in the city, but the most important human population density and height of buildings and paved streets and green spaces in the city and traffic density, all these factors have significant impact degrees the temperature and relative humidity and wind speed. The third chapter included the thermal characteristics of the is ands This has resulted through afield study in addition to thermal Island Islands secondary Islands it was the highest thermal difference between the city center and the adjacent countryside through observations as it amounted to (5,9) in the (Al - Taha) the direction of the axis of orchards Eastern neighborhood, The highest difference between the center and the weather station in the city as it was (3,3m), The fourth chapter comfort Albaeumanak hih and guarantees the heat island in the city of Samwah And through the use of the presumption of cooling wind and figure to (Oligay), The study rest and in the autumn season (October).and In the spring season (April) while in summer (July) it not record the comfort area in Samawa city as a result of high temperature. There isnt any record in winter season (January) so the comfort area never record because of low temperature. Both need two months to some of the requirements of stirring antenna or moisturizing antenna or solar radiation.

التحليل المكاني للوفيات المسجلة في محافظة البصرة للمدة (1997 - 2009) == Spatial Analysis Of Recorded Mortality In The Governorate Of Basrah From 1997 To 2009

Author name: اسامة حميد مجيد السلطان
Supervisor name: صادق جعفر ابراهيم
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تعد الوفيات الضلع الثاني المكمل لمثلث التغير السكاني كما تعد من اهم المؤشرات التي تعكس الاوضاع الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في اي مجتمع كان ومدى صحة ووعي سكانه ورفاهيتهم وهو ما يكسب الدراسة اهميتها. ان الهدف من الدراسة هو بحث ظاهرة الوفيات في محافظة البصرة للم | Mortality is just one side of the triangle of demographic variation. Moreover it is considered as one of the main effects that reflect the social and economic situations in any society in addition to the hygiene awareness and prosperity of the population. This is actually a good reason why this study is significant. The study aims at investigating the phenomenon of mortalities in the Province of Basrah from 1997 to 2009. Spatial - temporal variation is also covered in relation to districts and remote areas. The study relies on some measures of mortality to reveal this variation in relation to quality and age of the deceased people and the reasons behind death in relation to environment. The researcher made use of the bio - statistics records obtained from mortality registration department - Basrah health directorate. In addition, the researcher conducted field work to cover any shortage in the data. The study arrives at the conclusion that the number mortality cases is 104312 during the period of the study with a crude mortality average of 3.9 per 1000 with no regular temporal direction. The number of mortalities varies according to months of the year and seasons. The highest rate is in August and December whereas summer witnessed the highest rate of mortality. The mortality of males overwhelmed those of females with a rate of 57.7% for males and 42.3% for females. Age category of 65 and more registered the highest level of mortality with 33.3% followed by infants with 20% of the total mortality rate. There are 90138 mortality cases due to illness which represents 86.4% of the total number of mortalities. Circularity system diseases and blood diseases in addition to other diseases represent reason number one behind mortality with 31.1% followed by perinatal diseases that represent 18.1% of the total number. Accidents represent 13.6% whereas gun shots accidents represent 58.8% of the total number of accidents. The geographic distribution shows that Az - Zubair, Abu Al - Khaseeb and Shatt Al - Arab registered the highest rate of mortality. Climate - as represented by temperature degrees - is found to be as a main factor of mortality in the area of the study in comparison with other natural factors. Still, there are other factors that play a vital role in mortality like the level of education, vocation, income, marital status, residence, accommodation and health services presented.

دور الموانـئ التجارية العــراقية في تجارة العراق الخارجية للمدة 1997 - 2010 == The Role Of The Iraqi Commercial Ports In Iraq'S Foreign Trade For The Period 1997 - 2010

Author name: سهيلة صبيح ناصر المياحي
Supervisor name: اسعد عباس هندي الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Marine transportation is considered as a crucial economic front and it has a vital role in the economic development. It contributes to the transportation of goods and merchandise due to its unique properties that distinguishes from other means of transportation. Two thirds of the external trade is done through marine transportation. Iraq has a 65 klm coast that overlooks the Arabian gulf. This coast is the only port through which Iraq is connected to the world and through which, external trade is conducted. It has a pioneer role in external trade with the markets of the world. Consequently, some ports have been constructed along this coast. They are part of the transportation system. These ports include north Um Qasr , south Um qasr, Khor Al - Zubair, Abu Floos and Al - Ma’aqal. The present thesis aims at investigating the strategic importance of Iraqi trade ports anf the role they play in the external trade. This represents one of the pillars of Iraq economy and the development of these ports represents the development of the country. The study is comprised of five chapters. Chapter One deals with the historic development of Iraqi marine transportation. It consists of three sections. Section one deals with the development of parts. Section two tackles the classification of ports while section three shows the development of Iraqi transportation fleet. Chapter Two covers the human and natural barriers of marine transportation. Chapter Three outlines the orientation of marine transportation from 1997 to 2010. Chapter Four deals with the waiting columns (convoys) theory and its application in the ports of Iraq. Chapter Five shows the problems and barriers that Iraqi ports suffer from and the future expectations to Iraqi ports. The study ends with some conclusions and recommendations

الصناعات التحويلية في محافظة المثنى واقعها وافاقها المستقبلية == Manufacturing Industries In The Province Of Muthanna The Reality And Future Prospects A Thesis Submitted

Author name: ماهر حيدر نعيم الجابري
Supervisor name: كفاية عبد الله عبد العباس العلي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The manufacturing of the most important economic activities that lead to building an economic base sophisticated and technically advanced, scientifically and technology, and then Thaoh greater opportunities for economic progress of any country. This study examined the reality of the manufacturing industries in Muthanna province, which is located in the southwestern part of Iraq and for the period from 1980 to 2009. Gained this study significance through several things most important is the lack of a similar study at the county level, and also in order to draw a clear vision for the future of these industries, and through working knowledge of relative importance, and to study its components geographical, and stand on their geographical distribution by identifying the structure, and relational knowledge of the relationship between them and the basic Mrtkzadtha, and then detect the size of the ingredients of the investor in order to detect the surplus, in order to develop plans and investment policies studied. This study relied on government data, in addition to relying on information from some books and university studies, as well as the data and information collected by the field study. The study found several results, including the province of Muthanna located at the site of a good geographical mediates between the southern provinces and the central provinces, and also contain elements of natural geographic and human and that played a big role in the endemicity of these industries, and through its geological and diverse water resources permanent normal runoff and extensive ground spaces, also contain population numbers is one of the important sources of manpower, and the province has a network composed of transfer of the railway network and major and minor ways. And diversified industrial structure of manufacturing through the diversity of sizes institutions between large, medium and small, and return most of the ownership of these institutions to the private sector, except for some institutions that belong to the public sector, either the geographical distribution of these industries has shown us that most manufacturing industries are concentrated in the centers of the province and especially center Elimination of Samawah, which contained the highest ratios. Turning to the issue of problems faced by these industries has show us that it suffers from several problems affected directly and indirectly in their work, which led to the impact on their production due to the loss of most of its energies design, and the most serious problems generated by these industries is the problem of environmental pollution and Assorted three air, water and ground. When resorting to the use of Electronic Calculator by program spss show that manufacturing ties differentiated between positive and reverse with factored Home, revealed by knowing the amount of saturation of these industries of what makes geographical presence amount of the surplus of the ingredients is an investor, which opens the door to future prospects have. The most important recommendations that are considered by the researcher is necessary from the point of view is to work on opening specialized centers working to make the necessary studies and different and providing guidance task for industrial process and to open training courses for workers in industries in order to develop their technical skills, and intensify efforts to invest and exploitation of natural resources , and the exploitation of the geographical location of the province by opening an international border port, and finally work on the development of manufacturing technology and technically.

النقل بالسيارات في مدينة الناصرية : دراسة في النقل الحضري == Cars transportation in Al - Nasiriyah city A Study in Urban Transport

Author name: حيدر عبد الكريم سالم الجبوري
Supervisor name: عبد الرحمن جري مردان الحويدر
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography of Transportation
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

تسويق الانتاج الزراعي المحلي في محافظة ميسان للمدة (2010 - 2013) == Marketing Agricultural Products in Maysan Governorate (2010 - 2013)

Author name: ميثم عبد الحسين حميد الوزان
Supervisor name: محمد رمضان محمد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Agricultural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

المناخ المحلي لمدينة البصرة == The Local Climate of Basrah City

Author name: مهند حسن رهيف الكعبي
Supervisor name: عبد الامام نصار ديري ناصر المظفر
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Climatic geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

تحليل جغرافي لحالات الزواج والطلاق المسجلة في قضاء الزبير للمدة 1997 - 2011 == Geographic Analysis Cases Of Marriage And Divorce Recorded In Kudha Al Zaber For The Period 1997 - 2011

Author name: حيدر علي جبر الوحيلي
Supervisor name: عبد الامير كاسب مزعل
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Demographics
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

الخصائص الهيدرولوجية لنهر دجلة في محافظتي ميسان والبصرة == Water Hydrologic Characteristics in The Tigris River in Governorates of Misan and Basrah

Author name: خلود كاظم خلف الجوراني
Supervisor name: حمدان باجي نوماس
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography of Water Resources
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

التمثيل الخرائطي لتغيرات الغطاء الارضي في محافظة البصرة باستخدام تقنيتي الاستشعار عن بعد ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية للمدة 1973 - 2013 (الجزء الاول) == Cartographic Representation of Land Cover's Changes For Basra Governorate Using Remote Sensing And Geographic Information Systems Technology For the Period 1973 - 2013

Author name: طارق جمعة علي المولى
Supervisor name: حسن عداي كرم الله | نجم عبد الحسين نجم
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Maps and GIS
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

تغير الخصائص الجغرافية وتاثيراتها الزراعية في محافظة البصرة == Changes of geographical properties and their agricultural effects Basrah province

Author name: ماجدة عبد الله طاهر العيداني
Supervisor name: بشرى رمضان ياسين الطه
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Agricultural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

المنظومات الضغطية المسيطرة على مناخ ايران == Pressure systems controlling the climate of Iran Thesis made by the student

Author name: ياسر مسلم كاظم دامج
Supervisor name: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Climatic geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

تطور النقل الجوي في العراق للمدة (1950 - 2012) : دراسة في جغرافية النقل == The Development Air Transport In Iraq For The Period (1950 - 2012

Author name: مها شاكر جبر الامارة
Supervisor name: اسعد عباس هندي الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography of Transportation
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

تحليل جغرافي للصناعات التحويلية في محافظة القادسية باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS) == Geographical analysis of the manufacturing industries in AL - Qadisiya province using geographic information systems (GIS

Author name: وليد جبار محسن منصور
Supervisor name: كفاية عبد الله عبد العباس العلي | حسين علي العيداني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Industrial Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

التوزيع المكاني للتلوث البيئي في قضاء الزبير وانعكاساته الزراعية == The Spatial Distribution of Environmental Pollution in Zubair Agricultural Repercussions

Author name: ايمان كريم عباس المياحي
Supervisor name: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي | بشرى رمضان ياسين الطه
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Environmental Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

التركيب الاجتماعي لمدينة شط العرب == Social structure of the city of the Shatt AL - Arab

Author name: وسن ماجد عبد الله الحربي
Supervisor name: رعد ياسين محمد الحسن
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Social Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

كفاءة الوظيفة السكنية في مدينة السماوة == The Efficiency Of The Residential Function In Samawah City

Author name: ماهر ناصر عبد الله
Supervisor name: صلاح هاشم زغير الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Demographics
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: THE study shedding the light on residential function ,which come on the top of functional priorities which the city provide to citizens in design and formations connected with the civilized period of the society , in addition it's importance the vast area which connected with the rest of other functions to control urban range , housing which represented one of basic needs ,which unextendable to the man single or groups, through the residential units which provides social and medical and economic interests to the residents. The problem of the study had been located in statement the nature residential function to the city and the value of its efficiency, then to discuss the major aspects of the problem and to locate the relationship between the social andeconomic and political and residential indicators and their reflections upon the evolution of residential function , to expansion to accomplish the residential needs This study aims to exam the residential circumstances of Samawa city and reveal urban aspects residential structure which represented each phase of its historical development, by relying on number of criteria to state the change of the house's suitability and aspects of residential reign to the area of the study and means of treatments.Through the study to figure out there is a variation in city resident's distribution from extreme concentration in some areas in contrast with residential disability in proportion 14,2% of the total housing units due to the high ratio of residential qualitative deficit on vast area from another side. In terms of the curriculum the researcher has been adopted the historical method to explain chronological sequence to morphological phases when the city come through , since the city to consider as written history throughout its building and routs and general facilities ,samawa represented historical compound un understandable or to be recognized without understand its historical evaluation , in addition to apply the descriptive quantic method to describe some of ongoing changes as the resident structure and distribution. The study to include five chapters, to discuss in chapter I the morphological phases to the city evaluation, in chapter II to state the residential characters of the city, concentrate on the chapter III to analysis the use of residential area andto locate the residential regions in the city, the chapter IV to deal with the efficiency of the residential unit and available services in district and social services through apply the standers to measure this efficiency, the chapter V to figure out estimations of demands on the residential unit until the target year 2025 ultimately the study conclude with conclusions and recommendations

النمو الحضري واثره في التخطيط العمراني لمدينة الزبير == Urban Growth and its Effect on the Constructional Planning for Al - Zubair City

Author name: قاسم مطر عبد الخالدي
Supervisor name: عباس عبد الحسن كاظم العيداني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography of Cities
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

التركيب الاقتصادي لسكان دولة قطر حسب تعداد 2010 == The Economic Structure to the Population of the State of Qatar According to the Counting of 2010

Author name: شكرية عبد الله كريم
Supervisor name: صادق جعفر ابراهيم
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Demographics
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

تحليل جغرافي سياسي للنظام الاتحادي في العراق == Political Geographic Analysis of the Federal System in Iraq

Author name: ثناء ابراهيم فاضل الشمري
Supervisor name: ظاهر عبد الزهرة خضير الربيعي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geopolitics
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

كفاءة الخدمات التعليمية لمنطقة الصدر في مدينة بغداد == The adequacy of educational services for AL Sadr Area in Baghdad city

Author name: اميرة فائق فالح الشمري
Supervisor name: صلاح هاشم زغير الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography of Cities
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

التحليل الجغرافي لخصائص سكان قضاء القرنة لسنتي (1997 و2016) == GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION OF QORNA DISTRICT IN (1997 , 2016

Author name: نغم قاسم عبد الحميد الديراوي
Supervisor name: عبد الامير كاسب مزعل
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Demographics
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: لقد تطرق موضوع الدراسة الى الخصائص السكانية لمجتمع القضاء لسنتي الدراسة (1997 و2016) وحسب ما متوفر من بيانات، محاولة في الكشف عن الواقع السكاني وما يمتاز به من خصائص ومعرفة التباينات المكانية والتغيرات التي طرات للسنتين المذكورتين المذكورة وما هي ابرز العوامل التي ادت الى هذا التغير، ولا سيما ان منطقة الدراسة لم يسبق دراستها دراسة سكانية بحتة . تهدف الدراسة الى تحقيق مجموعة من الاهداف ذات الارتباط الوثيق بخصائص السكان ، وتتمثل هذه الاهداف بتسليط الضوء على الواقع السكاني في منطقة الدراسة ، والتعرف على التغيرات التي طرات عليه من حيث حجمه وتوزيعه وخصائصه الديموغرافية والاجتماعية ، وكذلك دراسة التباين الزماني والمكاني للخصائص السكانية في قضاء القرنة لسنتي الدراسة فضلا عن كشف وتشخيص العوامل التي ادت الى التباين الزماني والمكاني لخصائص سكان منطقة الدراسة . ومن اجل الوصول الى اهداف الدراسة تم اعتماد المنهج الجغرافي الوصفي التحليلي، لتحليل الظاهرات السكانية التي تم دراستها، فضلا عن استخدام الاساليب الاحصائية من نسب مئوية ومعادلات رياضية لتحقيق الهدف المنشود من الدراسة واختبار فرضياتها . وقد اعتمدت الدراسة على نتائج تعداد سنة (1997) وتوقعات سنة (2016)، فضلا عن استمارة الاستبانة بنسبة (10%) من الاسر التي بلغ مجموعها (2990) اذ تم توزيعها على سكان الحضر والريف وكان عدد الاستمارات الصالحة (2624)، في حين كانت (366) استمارة بين مفقودة وتالفة، كما تم الاعتماد على البيانات الرسمية الصادرة عن دوائر الدولة ، فضلا عن اجراء المقابلات الشخصية للشخصيات المعنية في الحصول على المعلومات وملاحظة الظاهرات لدعم الدراسة . وقد تضمنت الدراسة مقدمة واربعة فصول، جاء الفصل الاول في ثلاثة مباحث، تطرق المبحث الاول الى التوزيع الجغرافي لسكان القضاء من حيث توزيعهم العددي والنسبي والكثافي والبيئي ، اما المبحث الثاني فقد اختص بدراسة تركز السكان ومقاييسه وتوزيعهم الفعلي وانماطه، اما المبحث الثالث فكشف على العوامل الطبيعية والبشرية المؤثرة في توزيع السكان . اما الفصل الثاني فقد القى الضوء على نمو سكان القضاء وكان ذلك في مبحثين، تطرق المبحث الاول الى تطور واتجاه معدلات النمو السكاني والتباين المكاني لمعدلات النمو وبحسب بيئتي الحضر والريف، في حين ركز المبحث الثاني على عناصر الزيادة الطبيعية (الولادات والوفيات) ومعدلاتها والكشف عن حجم الهجرة الوافدة ودورها في زيادة حجم السكان . واهتم الفصل الثالث بدراسة الخصائص الديموغرافية لسكان القضاء متمثلة بالتركيب النوعي والتركيب العمري والاهرام السكانية ومؤشرات التركيب العمري اذ كشفت الدراسة نسبة الاعالة والعمر الوسيط، كما سلطت الضوء على التباينات المكانية في الخصائص الديموغرافية للسكان خلال سنتي الدراسة . اما الفصل الرابع فقد احتوى على مبحثين تم من خلالهما الكشف على ابرز خصائص السكان الاجتماعية، اذ تطرق المبحث الاول الى خصائص النشاط الاقتصادي اما المبحث الثاني فركز على خصائص الحالة الزواجية والتعليمية لسكان القضاء . كما تم التوصل الى مجموعة من النتائج كان من اهمها ارتفاع نسبة سكان الحضر قياسا بسكان الريف وتركز السكان في مناطق محدودة مما انعكس على قيمة الكثافة الحقيقية وتباين الكثافة العامة بين الوحدات الادارية للقضاء بسبب التغيير في الحدود الادارية . فضلا عن بقاء السكان في توزيعهم في الامتداد ذاته عما كان عليه في سنة الاساس مع بعض التغيرات الطفيفة بسبب زيادة السكان . وتوصلت الدراسة الى ارتفاع معدلات نمو السكان سواء على مستوى القضاء ام على مستوى وحداته الادارية، اذ بلغ معدل نمو السكان (3,4) لسنتي (1997 و2016)، وهذا الارتفاع ناجم عن ارتفاع معدل المواليد وانخفاض معدل الوفيات بسبب التطور في المجال الصحي الى حد ما، فضلا عن الهجرة الوافدة وما ادته من زيادة في حجم السكان مع وجود التباينات الواضحة بين الوحدات الادارية في تلك المتغيرات . كما ظهر ارتفاع نسبة النوع في القضاء في سنة (2016) عما كانت عليه في سنة (1997) بسبب الهجرة الوافدة الى القضاء لا سيما من الذكور العائدين الى موطنهم الاصلي بعد ان غادروه في زمن النظام السابق . كما كشفت الدراسة ارتفاع نسبة متوسطي السن وصغار السن وانخفاض نسبة كبار السن مما انعكس على شكل الاهرام السكانية التي اتسمت بقواعدها العريضة وقممها المدببة وانخفاض العمر الوسيط، وما هذه الا مؤشرات تدل على فتوة سكان القضاء . واتسم مجتمع القضاء بارتفاع معدل البطالة في سنتي الدراسة وانخفاض نسبة الاناث العاملات مع تفوق قطاع الخدمات على بقية القطاعات من حيث نسبة المشتغلين اذ سجلت نسبتهم (32,6%) سنة (1997) و(55,8%) سنة (2016) مع تراجع اهمية الزراعة عما كانت عليه سابقا بغض النظر عن بعض المناطق من القضاء التي تم استصلاح اراضي الاهوار فيها مما ادى الى ازدهار الزراعة فيها لا سيما ناحية الثغر . وتبين ارتفاع نسبة من لم يسبق لهم الزواج في كلا سنتي الدراسة على مستوى القضاء، مع التفاوت في بقية اصناف الحالة الزواجية وكذلك الحال بالنسبة للوحدات الادارية، وانخفضت نسبة الامية في القضاء في سنة (2016) بسبب التطور في المجال التعليمي وزيادة وعي السكان باهمية التعليم. كما جاءت توصيات الدراسة في تطوير الخدمات في كافة مجالاتها في الريف محاولة في جذب السكان اليها ومنع الهجرة من الريف الى المدينة والاهتمام بالنشاط الزراعي من المسؤولين للنهوض بالواقع الزراعي بالدعم والتشجيع، والعمل على رفع نسبة النساء المستعملات لموانع النسل لا سيما في المناطق الريفية من القضاء من اجل تخفيض معدل النمو بسبب ما ينتج عن الاخير من مشكلات متمثلة في الضغط على الخدمات وارتفاع نسبة الاعالة، وتحسين المستوى الصحي في عموم القضاء بتوفير المستلزمات الكفيلة بذلك من اجل العمل على تخفيض نسبة الوفيات لاسيما تلك الناجمة من الامراض المستعصية، والعمل على توفير فرص عمل ملائمة لحجم السكان الاصليين والمهاجرين لخفض نسبة البطالة، وتوفير فرص عمل للاناث الراغبات في العمل وبما يناسبهن من اجل رفع معدل مشاركة المراة في العمل، وتطوير الخدمات التعليمية بالمستوى الذي يتناسب مع الحجم السكاني مع بناء المدارس في المناطق النائية من اجل تسهيل التحاقهم بها ومن ثم القضاء على ظاهرة الامية | The current study focuses on exploring the demographic characteristics of the society in Qoran district during the two years of study according to the available data, in an attempt to show the demographic situation and its features such as different locations and changes that happened during that period of study, besides the factors that have led to these changes, never studied before. To carry out the goals of this study, the present work adopted the analytical, descriptive and geographical approach of analyzing the demographical aspects, and the use of statistical tools with percentages and mathematical equations and to accomplish its aims and hypotheses. The study depended on the results of population census of 1979 and 2016, also on the questionnaire with the percentage of 10% out of the families which are 2990 distributed into rural and civil areas. The successful forms of questionnaire were 2624 and 366 forms were missed or spoilt. In addition, the formal data issued from the state institutions have been depended concerning this study, besides making personal interviews with the specialized figures to get the information and to notice the aspects that support this work. This study comprises four chapters and an introduction. The first chapter is composed of three sections. The first one is concerned with the distribution of population in this district on the basis of size, ratio, environment and density. The second one focuses on population stationing and its measurement as well as its distribution and patterns. The third section shows the natural and human factors that affect their distribution. Chapter two sheds light on population increase in this district, including two sections. The first one is devoted to explain the development ratio and increase during the period of study and to show the locative variations for the population increase in the rural and civil areas. The second one focuses on the natural factors on deaths and births as well as the migration ratio and its effect on population size. Chapter three is concerned in demographic characteristics in this place focusing on gender and age as well as population pyramids. This chapter shows life pension and average age. It also sheds light on locative variations of these demographic features. Chapter four is composed of two sections, trying to expose the features of social life in this district. The first one is about the economical features and the second one is about the marital and educational characteristics of this location. The study shows a number of concluding points, which are the increase in the civil population in comparison with that of the rural population, THE population density in specific areas of that district showing the population density on those areas affecting the real and general population density among the administrative units in that district because of change in the administrative borders, and finally, the population continued expanding in distribution. The study also shows the increase in the population during the period of study, whether on the level of the district or its administrative units. That increase reaches 3.4 from 1997 to 2016. This increase is resulted from the decreasing rate in deaths and the increasing rate in births because of the health development in that district, besides the migration rate that resulted in that increase also

التحليل الجغرافي لظاهرة الفقر في مدينة الزبير لعام 2015 : دراسة في الجغرافية الاجتماعية == The Geographical analysis of the phenomenon of poverty in the city of Zubair for 2015 A Socio - Gographical Study

Author name: ميلاد عبد الله جادر المطوري
Supervisor name: عدنان عناد غياض العكيلي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Social Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The trends of modern geography in the study of topics that address the problems of society and its various requirements in the spatial space, and focus on the social studies that fall in the areas of social development, which pay attention to the existence of an optimal life for the individual and his access to everything that is right for the individual for the decent life. Therefore I have done the present study to investigate poverty as a phenomenon that it is increasing day by day, and that poverty is one of the goals that development seeks to address. The results of the analysis showed increasing of rates of poverty and the extent of the impact of the spread of this phenomenon on the lives of the population in the city of Zubair, as the results showed a decline in the level of education and health levels and high unemployment rates among individuals from poor households and these results included studying the following : The study consists of 4 chapters. The first chapter deals with the theoretical concepts of the phenomenon of poverty and its methods of measurement in Zubair city. The second chapter deals with the study of the demographic, economic and social characteristics of the poor. The chapter is divided into three sections, each of which has one of these characteristics. The second included the economic characteristics while the third took the social characteristics, while the third chapter came after the study of the spatial distribution of the phenomenon of poverty in the city of Zubair in terms of places of concentration and lack of them in the city to find out the reasons that worked On the distribution of the poor, while the fourth chapter and the last to be a study of the causes of poverty in the city And its impact on society in the city and ways to address them, as well as the results and proposals as well as sources and supplements and the summary in English The study reached a number of results, the most important of which are : 1. The study reached the fact that the high rates of poverty and the proportion of poverty in the city of Zubair 22% of the total population of the city of Zubair and this indicates the extent of the aggravation of the crisis in the city.2. The poor in the city recorded 0.386% of the indicators in the development index, which is less than the lowest rate of development of 0.500%, which indicates the greatness and severity of poverty, which caused them deprivation of all components of life.3. The drop in the percentage of those enrolled in school and clearly between the primary and higher grades "for the other stages of study, as evidenced by the study the high illiteracy rate among the poor, with 11.2% of the total number of poor in the study

التمثيل الخرائطي والتحليل الجيومورفولوجي لاشكال سطح الارض شرق نهر دجلة بين نهري الجباب والسويب باستخدام تقنيتي الاستشعار عن بعد ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية الجزء ا لاول == MAPPING REPRESENTATION AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LAND FORMS EAST TIGRIS BETWEEN ALCHABAB AND AL - SWEEB RIVERS BY USING REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (PART I)

Author name: محمد عباس جابر خضير الحميري
Supervisor name: حسين جوبان عريبي المعارضي | طارق جمعة علي المولى
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Environmental Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) have been used in studying the mapping and geomorphological analysis of the forms of the ground surface of east Tigris between Al - Chabab and Al - Sweeb rivers. The area lies at south east Iraq (30° 55' 55" N, 32° 55' 55" N; 67° 10' 59" E, 47° 51' 54" E).It is a border strip paralleling to Iran and extending along Maysan, Wasit and Basrah governorates. Its area is 11132.96 km2.The data of (OLI) sensor of the U.S satellite (Landsat) has been used. It has included three satellite images covering the area in 2016. The data of Quick Bird2 Satellite has also been used. Moreover, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for mapping and geomorphological analysis, Arc GIS V 10.4.1 and Erdas V 8.5 for mapping, encoding, analyzing, enhancing and classifying the spectral features of images have been used in this study. It has been hypothesized that the forms, factors and processes contributing to the formation of the above - mentioned area can be mapped and analyzed geomorphologically by using RS and GIS. The study has been divided into two parts. Part I consists of five chapters plus introduction, conclusions and recommendations. Part II consists of 158 - map atlas. Chapter One includes the geomorphological map and the techniques used in the study. Chapter Two includes the mapping and geomorphological analysis of the natural factors prevailing in the area. It has been revealed that the area lies tectonically in unstable shelf within lower anticlines and sedimentary plain. Geologically the area covers the sediments of Triassic Period and Quaternary. Topographically the area surface slopes gradually from east north to west south. Old climate has significantly contributed to the geomorphological formation of the area. However, present climate and vegetarian cover have less geomorphological effect. Vegetarian cover is small and seasonal. Chapter Three includes the mapping and geomorphological analysis of the processes prevailing in the area. Each process has been studied separately. In addition, the role of each process in the formation of geomorphological phenomena and the characteristics of river networking has been stated. Moreover, quantitative measurement of water and wind erosion has been recorded. Chapter Four includes the mapping and geomorpholical analysis of the morphometric characteristics of the valley basins of the area. The study has studied the characteristics of area, form, length, relief and river networking of twenty basins. These are the basins of - BAbu Kreesha, Al - Amiah, Al - Zafran, Al - Tleel, Al - Jaftah, Al - Hawi, Srat Khatoon, Qarah Tiba, Abu Ghareeb, Chlat, Yarwa, Abu Jarab Al - Charji, Khweesah, Al - Manzliah, Al - Teeb, Abu Ghreebat, Al - Shakak, Al - Dweereej, Al - Salmanah and Shat Al - Emah. They occupy 11721.93 km2. The head of these basins lies in Iran and the mouth lies in east Iraq. Most area of these basins lies in Iran and their flow is seasonal. Chapter Five includes the mapping and geomorphological analysis of the forms of the ground according to their emergence in the area. The geomorphological forms have been classified, according to the factors and processes which had contributed to their formation and emergence, into geomorphological systems and then into secondary units or interrelated ground elements. These systems are structural - denudational, fluvial - denudational and aeolian - denudational.In addition, there are the morphdynamic system and human - action made system.The study has proved that the use of RS and GIS techniques in mapping and geomorphological analysis is of vital importance. The RS and GIS techniques provide many resources not provided by conventional methods. In addition, the use of RS and GIS is economic in terms of time, effort and money. Moreover, such use achieves high performance.

دراسة تحليلية للتراتب الحجمي للمراكز الحضرية وظاهرة المدينة المهيمنة في محافظة البصرة == An Analytical Study of the Volumetric Ordinances of Urban Centers and the Domination Phenomenon of the City

Author name: ماجدة عبد الله طاهر العيداني
Supervisor name: صلاح هاشم زغير الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study aims at discovering the amount of change in the volumes of the urban centers in Basrah province where they vary in volumes. The urban centers were ordered descendingly and distributed into volumetric groups which indicated that there wasn't a hierarchical ordinance in these centers according to population. This lead to the appearance of what is called the domination of the city which is Basrah city center where high density of population is centered because all economic, service, and administrative activities are centered there. For these reasons, Basrah has become work opportunity getter at the expense of other urban centers. The results of the study have shown that average distance between the urban centers has increased. The distance between them varies where the distance between the urban centers varies depending on their areas. We noticed that the distance increases between the urban centers in the districts whenever their area increases. As for the volumetric groups, every volumetric stratum has a specific distance barrier which increases with the increase of the level of the stratum where the volume and distance are in a proportional relation.The characteristic features of the spatial distribution of the urban centers in Basrah province have been investigated and analyzed geographically by using statistical methods and means of spatial analysis and Geographic Information Systems programs. A couple of quantitive statistical methods were used to figure out how urban centers were distributed; these methods are Gini Coefficient and Lorenz Curve whose results have shown that there was variation and imbalanced distribution of population between the urban centers. The results of neighborhood relation analysis have shown that the spatial aspects of the urban centers distribution were distant and not systematic in all study periods. The results of the correlative coefficient have shown that there was a kind of linear relationship but there was no agreement between the hierarchical natures of the urban centers according to the volumetric base of the urban centers.BThe results have identified the main city, the medium and the middle center of the distribution of the urban centers according to the population in each urban center. The middle center lies at the center of Basrah city and the middle center just near the first. The standard distance was calculated according to the population of each center.The direction of the distribution of these centers has taken an oval shape moving towards the North West and south east of the city. A number of the markers of the urban domination were applied to the urban centers in the city. There is a strong marker denoting that the Basrah city center has an overwhelming dominance over the other urban centers. This was negatively reflected on the first dominant city, where too much crowd and pressure on the infrastructures. Accordingly, a future plan is needed to provide a solution for this problem. Such plan should distribute population and investment in a balanced way to guarantee the distribution of the economic, service and administrative activities evenly. This could be achieved by depending on some planning methods that help diagnosing the problem and help finding the principles of treating it. Among these are Zipf's theory of hierarchical structure of urban centers and the planning method of Riley's model to achieve a volumetric ordinance and employment balance between the urban centers through the redistribution of investments and consequently redistribution of manpower and population in a balanced way in the urban centers.

تسويق الانتاج الحيواني في محافظة ذي قار : دراسة في جغرافية الزراعة == Marketing of animal production in the province of Thi Qar

Author name: ماجد عبد الله جابر التريجاوي
Supervisor name: محمد رمضان محمد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Agricultural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: يكتسب التسويق الزراعي اهمية كبيرة في الانتاج الزراعي، فلا قيمة للسلعة المنتجة اذا لم تجد طريقها الى المستهلك، وتمثل هذه العملية جزء متمما للعملية الانتاجية، اذ لا تبدا من مغادرة السلعة المنتج، فاكتشاف رغبات المستهلكين والتنبؤ بالاسعار تسبق الانتاج. ونظرا لتلك الاهمية اولى العديد من الباحثين خاصة الاقتصاديين اهتماما في هذا المجال. وعلي الرغم من تلك الاهمية لم تنل هذه العملية اهتمام الجغرافيون وجاءت معظم دراساتهم لها بشكل مختصر دون ان يعطوا لها ما تستحقه في الدراسة. وتمثل هذه الدراسة الثانية في حقل جغرافية الزراعة التي تناولت التسويق الزراعي على مستوى العراق. تناول الفصل الاول العوامل الجغرافية المؤثرة في عملية تسويق المنتجات الحيوانية وجاء في مبحثين، الاول منهما خصص للعوامل الطبيعية والثاني للعوامل البشرية والاقتصادية، اضافة للفصل الثاني الذي استعرض التركيب النوعي والتوزيع الجغرافي للانتاج الحيواني في محافظة ذي قار حيث قسم التركيب النوعي الى ثلاثة مباحث، الاول منها اختص بحيوانات الماشية بينما كرس الثاني للدواجن والاخير للاسماك المرباة، اما الفصل الثالث فقد كرس لدراسة المنتجات الحيوانية المسوقة في محافظة ذي قار لعام 2015 من خلال ثلاث مباحث خصص المبحث الاول منها لمنتجات حيوانات الماشية المسوقة، في حين اقتصر المبحث الثاني على منتجات الدواجن المسوقة ومثل هذا ما يخص المبحث الثالث الذي تناول كميات الاسماك المسوقة. اما الفصل الرابع فتناول مؤسسات تسويق الانتاج الحيواني في محافظة ذي قار وقد قسم الى ثلاث مباحث خصص الاول منها لدراسة مؤسسات تسويق حيوانات الماشية ومنتجاتها بينما تناول الثاني مؤسسات تسويق الدواجن ومنتجاتها، في حين خصص الثالث لدراسة مؤسسات تسويق الثروة السمكية. اما الفصل الخامس فتناول طرائق تسويق الانتاج الحيواني في محافظة ذي قار واشتمل على ثلاثة مباحث خصص الاول منها لطرائق تسويق حيوانات الماشية ومنتجاتها ومثل هذا ما يخص المبحث الثاني الذي تناول طرائق تسويق الدواجن اما الاخير عني بدراسة طرائق تسويق الاسماك المرباة. كشفت الدراسة ان للعوامل البشرية والاقتصادية لها الدور الاكبر في انجاح وتصحيح المسارات التسويقية والتحكم في قيمة العرض والطلب في الاسواق، بينما كان تاثير العوامل الطبيعية محدودا وذلك لمحدودية التباين في تلك العوامل والناتج عن صغر مساحة المحافظة. كما تبين ايضا من هذه الدراسة ان محافظة ذي قار تمتلك ثروة حيوانية قدر عدد حيوانات الماشية منها (731141) راسا توزع على خمسة انواع (الاغنام، الابقار، الماعز، الجاموس، الابل) اي ما يعادل (5%) من مجموع اعداد حيوانات الماشية في العراق والبالغ (14439933) راسا، اما اعداد حقول الدواجن المجازة في المحافظة فقد بلغت (114) حقلا مشكلة نسبة قدرها (2%) من مجموعها الكلي في العراق والبالغ (5577) حقلا، في حين استحوذت على (89) مشروعا لتربية الاسماك اي ما يمثل (3,6%) من مجموع مشاريع تربية الاسماك في العراق والبالغة (2452) مشروعا. اظهرت الدراسة ان محافظة ذي قار سوقت كميات متنوعة من الانتاج الحيواني في عام 2015 شكلت اللحوم الحمراء منها كمية بلغت (6828,1) طن اي ما يعادل (4,3%) من مجموع اللحوم الحمراء المسوقة في العراق والبالغة (157670) طن ، في حين سوقت من الحليب ومشتقاته ما يبلغ (206100,7) طن مشكلة نسبة قدرها (7%) من مجموع ما سوق من هذا المنتج في العراق والبالغ (2926700) طن، اما من حيث الجلود فالمحافظة سوقت كمية قدرها (87683) قطعة اي ما يمثل (3,18%) من مجموع ما سوق في العراق من الجلود والبالغ (2755000) قطعة، بينما سوقت من الصوف والوبر ما يبلغ (590,47) طن اي ما يعادل (7,2%) من مجموع ما تم تسويقه في العراق من هذا المنتج الحيواني والبالغ (8189) طن، في حين سوقت المحافظة (4530,7) طن من دجاج اللحم اي ما يعادل (8,6%) من مجموع ما تم تسويقه في العراق والبالغ (52812) طن، اما من حيث الاسماك المرباة فالمحافظة سوقت كميات منها بلغت (781,9) طن مشكلة نسبة قدرها (7,6%) من مجموع الكمية المسوقة منها في العراق والبالغة (10293) طن. كما اظهرت الدراسة امتلاك المحافظة العديد من المؤسسات التسويقية المختصة بالانتاج الحيواني، حيث لوحظ ان معظم المؤسسات التسويقية تختص بتسويق نوع معين من الانتاج الحيواني مما اعطاها كفاءة عالية بادارة نشاطها التسويقي. اتضح من الدراسة وجود طريقتين رئيستين لتسويق المنتجات الحيوانية في المحافظة (طريقة البيع المباشرة للمستهلكين، طريقة البيع بواسطة الوسطاء) استحوذت الاخيرة منهما على المسالك التسويقية الاكثر، وبذلك فان المنتجات الحيوانية اكثر مرورا للمستهلك النهائي بها من الاولي مما يؤدي الى تراكم الارباح وزيادة الهامش التسويقي. وفي الختام فان هذه الدراسة ليس الا جهدا متواضعا اضعه بيد المختصين متمنيا ان يساهم في تحسين الواقع التسويقي في المحافظة | Agricultural marketing is of great importance in agricultural production. It has no value for the produced product if it does not find its way to the consumer. This process is an integral part of the production process. It does not start when the product just reaches the consumer, but discovering consumers' desires and predicting prices should be ahead of production. According to the importance of this process, many researchers and first of many economists are interested in this field.Despite this importance, this process did not get the attention of geographers and most of their studies came to them in a brief way without giving this study what it really deserve. This is the second study in agriculture represent a geographical field that dealt with agricultural marketing.Any study of any marketing process must start with the production base represented in this study by the qualitative structure and geographical distribution of animal production in Thi Qar province, which is specialized in the first chapter where the qualitative structure is divided into three sections, the first one is specialized in livestock animals while the second is devoted to poultry and the last to fish. In addition to the second chapter, which dealt with animal products marketed in the province of Thi Qar for the year 2015 through three sections; the first is devoted to section of the marketed products of livestock, while the second section is limited to the marketed poultry products and as such the third section which focuses on the amount of the marketed fish. The third chapter is devoted to the study of the marketing institutions of animal production in Thi Qar Governorate. It is divided into three fields, the first of which is devoted to the study of the marketing institutions for livestock and their products, while the second dealt with marketing institutions for poultry and its products. While the third is devoted to the study of fisheries marketing institutions. The fourth chapter deals with the methods of marketing animal production in Thi Qar province. It includs three sections, the first one which is devoted to the methods of marketing livestock and livestock products. This is the second part, which deals with the methods of marketing poultry, while the latter concerned with studying the marketing methods of breached fish. The fifth chapter deals with the factors affecting the marketing of livestock production in Thi Qar governorate.This study shows that Thi Qar Governorate has an animal wealth. The number of livestock is 7311.41 divided into five types (sheep, cows, goats, buffalo, camels), equivalent to 5% of the total number of livestock in Iraq which are about (14439933), the total number of approved poultry farms in the province reached (114) fields with a problem of (2%) of its total in Iraq (5577), while it acquired (89) fish breeding projects, ie (3.6) 6% of the total number of fish breeding projects in Iraq, which are about (2452) projects.The study showed that the province of Thi Qar marketed a variety of animal production in the year 2015, which accounted for red meat quantity of (6828.1) tons, equivalent to (4.3%) of the total red meat marketed in Iraq, amounting to (157670) tons, while (206,100) tons of milk and its derivatives amounted to (206100.7) tons of the problem of (7%) of the total marketed in this product in Iraq, which is (2926700) tons, either in terms of leather, the governorate marketed an amount of 87683 pieces (3,18) (275,000) pieces, while the wool and lint was exported to (590.47) tons of equivalent (7.2%) of the total marketed in Iraq of this product (8,889) tons, while the governorate marketed (4530.7) tons of live meat chicken equivalent to (8.6%) of the total marketed in Iraq (52812) tons, either in terms of breached fish, (781.9) tons, a problem of (7.6%) of the total quantity marketed from Iraq in the amount of (10293) tons.The study also revealed that the governorate owns many marketing foundation specialized in animal production. It is noted that most marketing establishments are specialized in marketing a particular type of animal production which gave them high efficiency in managing their marketing activities.The study finds that there are two main ways of marketing animal products in the governorate (the method of direct selling to consumers, the method of selling by intermediaries), the latter acquired the most marketing channels, and thus the animal products more than the final consumer from the initial, which leads to the accumulation of profits and increase the margin of marketing.The study also revealed that human factors played a major role in the success and correction of marketing paths and control of supply and demand in the markets, while the effect of natural factors was limited due to the limited variation in these factors resulting from the small area of the governorate.In conclusion, this study is only a modest effort put to the specialists, wishing to contribute to improve the marketing reality in the province

التغيرات الهيدرولوجية لنهر دجلة في العراق == Hydrological changes of the Tigris River in Iraq

Author name: طالب طارش طاهر ال مسافر
Supervisor name: حمدان باجي نوماس
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Iraq greatly depends on the surface water resources, most of those resources come from Tigris and Euphrates and their branches. Three countries benefit from these two rivers, (Turkey, Syria, and Iraq), each of which has their own investment plans for the rivers, which have put Iraq in front of different challenges that concerns its aquatic security. Therefore, this study targeted the hydrologic changes of the Tigris basin. It was observed that a combination of natural and human factors have affected the hydrologic changes of the basin, and this change have become more vivid in the branches that feed the river to the river estuary.These factors can be summarized as follows : 1 - Climate Change and Global Warming which have led to the aridity, leading to a great decrease in rain and snow ratios, and a vivid decrease in the aquatic income of the Tigris. The decreased amount of rain and snow have affected the length of both flood and dryness periods according to the excessive nourishment or its scarcity. The contrast is most obvious in the dry years or in the wet ones or those close to the average, the flood period is longer in the wet years, whereas the dry periods are longer in the dry years, and their aquatic income increases or decreases according to the dry period which is shorter in the wet years and longer in the dry ones.2 - The vivid change of the hydrological characteristics of quality for the Tigris waters. When comparing the lab results of the year of study (2017) with those of the years (1970 - 2011), we find that the water quality has changed. The PH level increased, the Ec level also increased, and however the water is rich with the Ca levels, it is still consumable. The Magnesium levels were (66.05) and this is within the allowed limits. The Cl level is also increasing, but the SO4 was (35.5) mlg/ltr, which also within the internationally allowed limits. The Na reached (251.4) mlg/ltr, which is increasing when compared with the readings of the previous years. The (T.D.S) was 700.5 mlg/ltr, which also indicates and increase. However, it was then clear that the salt concentration has changed as you go down the river to the south. This is due to the lack of drainage, as well as what the site indicators reflect such as the reverting streams. It was noted that most of the salty concentrations incline in the dryness period and increased from the north of Saleh’s Castle to Al - Gerneh.3 - The lower - than - normal aquatic income of the Tigris compared to the previous years, which is expected to reach (9,16) billion cubic meter once Al - Kab project is complete. This is considered a huge deficit as the amount of needs is over 60 billion cubic meters, apart from those needs that are required to maintain the Marshes according to the needed rates which also an additional 16 billion cubic meters.4 - The operational plans of Turkey and Iran that control the amount of water reaching Iraq. There are a number of dams established on the Tigris. Therefore, Iraq, geographically speaking, is in a rather negatively affected position being the country of the estuary. Iraq can be negatively affected by the procedures of the neighboring countries that are on the Tigris, and is also negatively affected by the quality of the aquatic income feeding the river.5 - The nature of water planning administration inside Iraq. Most of the projects need further maintenance and development, as well as the aquatic weed, the pollution factors, acts of misuse in the agricultural, domestic, and industrial needs.The perfect usage of the conventional and unconventional water resources does not exist. Therefore, the study have come to a number of recommendations : 1 - The urgent move towards the neighboring countries (Iraq, Syria, and Turkey) that aims at finding the mutual mechanism for redistributing the water shares in the way that serves the interests of all parties according to the international law.2 - Improving the old irrigation systems into the modern ones, such as the spraying and drip irrigation, as well as the developed surface irrigation.3 - Maintaining the water resources from the pollution resulting from the human, agricultural, and industrial activities that are drained into the drainage without being processed, through issuing the laws, legislations as well as the severe consequences against violators.4 - Maintaining the waters by keeping them from being spoiled due to the old irrigation methods that result from the increase vaporization and leakage from the outer irrigation pipes, and using the underground pipes instead.5 - Maintaining the dams and the water reservoirs, putting them back into work according to a centrally controlled plan in order to secure the water needs, especially the irrigative needs, as well as generating electrical power.6 - Developing water administration through the integrated administration of aquatic resources in order to solve the problems that face the water resources such as the low feeding resources, wasted water, as well as pollution, and the lower usage of the conventional and unconventional water resources

التحليل المكاني لصناعة الخرسانة في محافظة البصرة == Spatial Analysis Of TheConcrete Industry In BasrahGovernorate

Author name: شهد سلمان كاظم سلمان
Supervisor name: فارس مهدي محمد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Industry is one of the important economic sectors. The importance of the concrete industry is reflected in the process of changing the social, economic and cultural pattern of any society by changing the structure of the labor force and the formation of professions. It also works to reduce the economic disparity between the administrative units by improving the standard of living of the population. The spatial analysis of the concrete industry in Basra Governorate is studied through five chapters, The first chapter dealt with the concept, classification, importance and characteristics of the concrete industry in Basrah Governorate and its historical development.The second chapter dealt with the factors of the enduring of the concrete industry in the province of Basra and the statement of the impact of each factor on the establishment and development of the concrete industry in the province of Basra. The third chapter deals with the classification of the concrete industry in Basrah Governorate, where the concrete industry is classified on the basis of ownership and on the basis of size and on the basis of production capacity, which is classified as a productive capacity and actual production capacity and on the basis of the storage capacity of cement, sand and gravel, and on the basis of the area, which includes the total area and construction area and on the basis of capital. While the fourth chapter dealt with the geographical distribution of the industrial structure of the concrete industry in the province of Basra, as this industry is spread in four districts only, namely the province of Basra and the province of Abu al - Khasib and Zubayr district and the district of Al - Medayna while free Faw province and the Shatt al - Arab and Qurna district of any facility For concrete industry. It was found that there is a difference in the geographical distribution of the concrete industry by districts. Zubair district ranked first in terms of the number of concrete works by (16) establishments which constituted (55.2%) and workers of (1162) . The second place was the district of Abu al - Khasib with (9) establishments, which accounted for (10.3%) and of (194) workers. The fourth and last place in the province of Basra by one industrial facility accounted for (3.4%) and of (149) workers. There was also a difference in the distribution of the total area of the concrete industry by districts. The first place was Zubayr district with a total of 220,050 m2accounted for(65.4%) and Abu al - Khasib (78,740 m2) accounted for (23,4% ),and ranked the third district of Al - Medayna by 27490 m2, accounted for (8.2%), and ranked fourth and last district of Basra by 10,000 m2, accounted for (3%).While the fifth chapter dealt with the most important problems facing the concrete industry in the province of Basra,Including the raw material and high prices as well as labor, which suffers from poor technical skill, and the various climatic factors impact on the quality of the concrete product, and the weakness of the ability to purchase machinery and production requirements because they need huge capital, and weak government support for industrial facilities Concrete, and weak infrastructure through the delay of infrastructure projects carried out by the governmentin Basrah governorate which negatively affects the concrete industry, as well as the difficulty of transporting raw materials from and to the concrete industry , as well as the difficulty of transporting finished concrete products to places of consumption.In addition to the problem of bloom and the problem of cracks and isolation problem that affect the quality of the concrete product.The concrete industry is also suffering from the lack of utilization of the production capacity of the design fully, the amount of waste 850 m3 / h, as well as the facilities of the concrete industry from the poor storage of raw materials and concrete product, and the difficulty of access to energy sources and high prices as the total cost of electricity for concrete facilities of IQD (23,475,000 )/ month .The amount of fuel consumed for the concrete industry (665) tons / month and at a cost of (299,250,000) Iraqi dinars / month for the year 2016 , and the difficulty of obtaining the clean water needed to wash the sand and gravel and mix the components of the mixture which is the total amount of water consumed in the facilities of the concrete industry (16,365) tons / day and cost of (38,975,000) Iraqi dinars / month 2016

امكانات التنمية الريفية المستدامة في قضاءي ابي الخصيب والزبير : دراسة مقارنة == Potentials of Sustainable Development in RuralRegions of Abo Alkhaseeb and Az - zubair : A Comparative Study

Author name: نورة فجر مذري المنتفجي
Supervisor name: بشرى رمضان ياسين الطه
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography of Cities
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: يهدف البحث الى الكشف عن الامكانات الجغرافية المتوافرة في منطقة الدراسة وكيفية الاستثمار الامثل لها وبما يساعد في تحقيق التنمية الريفية في قضائي ابي الخصيب والزبير عن طريق التخطيط والتنسيق فيما بين الجهات المختصة, فضلا عن كيفية تطوير الانسان الريفي وزيادة نشاطه في الارض من اجل رفع مستوى الحياة لسكان الريف وتحقيق اهداف التنمية الريفية في ضوء توفر الحاجات الاساسية التي يحتاجها الفرد (المياه الصالحة للشرب, التعليم, الصحة, الكهرباء, طرق النقل) وتوزيعها بشكل عادل وبما يتناسب وعدد سكان الريف المتزايدين وبما يضمن حصول كل فرد على حاجته منها. اعتمدت الباحثة في هذه الدراسة على المنهجين الوصفي (التحليلي) والكمي. ولغرض تسليط الضوء على موضوع الدراسة تم تقسيم الرسالة الى خمسة فصول فضلا عن المقدمة, تضمن الفصل الاول المفاهيم والمصطلحات المتعلقة بالتنمية الريفية وابعادها واهميتها واهدافها, في حين تضمن الفصل الثاني الامكانات الطبيعية والبشرية للتنمية الريفية, اذ شملت الامكانات الطبيعية (الموقع والمساحة, الوضع الجيولوجي, السطح, الخصائص المناخية, الموارد المائية, خصائص التربة, النبات الطبيعي, الثروات المعدنية), في حين شملت الامكانات البشرية ( حجم السكان ونموهم, توزيع السكان, تركيب السكان, التنمية الزراعية, التنمية الصناعية, التنمية السياحية), بينما تضمن الفصل الثالث واقع التنمية الريفية من خلال عرض واقع الخدمات في كل من قضائي ابي الخصيب والزبير والتي شملت خدمات ( الاسكان, خدمات الصرف الصحي, المياه الصالحة للشرب, الكهرباء, طرق النقل), كذلك شمل هذ الفصل على الخدمات الحكومية (الاجتماعية) من خدمات (تعليمية, صحية), اما الفصل الرابع فقد اهتم بمشكلات التنمية الريفية في القضائين والتي تضمنت المشكلات الطبيعية والبشرية حيث تضمنت المشكلات الطبيعية (التغير المناخي والجفاف, تدهور التربة, قلة الغطاء النباتي, تدهور نوعية المياه), اما مشكلات الجانب البشري فقد تضمنت (تعدد انماط السكن الريفي, انخفاض المستوى التعليمي, مشكلة الدعم الحكومي, مشكلة البطالة, المعوقات التكلنوجية, مشكلة الزحف العمراني, عشوائية توزيع الخدمات),واخيرا جاء الفصل الخامس مهتما بدراسة الافاق المستقبلية للتنمية الريفية في قضائي ابي الخصيب والزبير. وتوصلت الدراسة الى ان قضائي ابي الخصيب والزبير يتمتعان بالامكانات الطبيعية والبشرية والتي اذا ما تم استثمارها بالشكل الجيد ستنتج ثمارها في تحقيق التنمية الريفية المستدامة والمتكاملة, كذلك اظهرت الدراسة تباين مستويات الخدمات وتباين كفاءتها فيما بين القضائين وفيما بين الوحدات الادارية لكل قضاء, واخيرا جاءت الدراسة بمجموعة من النتائج والتوصيات وختمت بقائمة الملاحق والمصادر والمراجع. | The present research aims at exposing available geographic potentials on the study area and how to get optimal investment which helps attain rural development and flourishing in Abo - Al Khassibdistrict and Al - Zubair district through planning and coordination among the competent authorities. In addition, these also contribute to develop and change the rural residents and to increase their activities in implantation for the purpose of raising living standards in the rural areas through providing the fundamental needs of the individual such as potable water, education, health, electricity and roads, and allocate these equally in accordance with increasing rural population. The researcher is based upon the descriptive and quantitative approaches. The work is divided into five chapters besides the introduction. The first chapter is concerned with the important terms related to rural development and its dimensions, importance and goals. The second chapter is about the rural, humane, and natural potentials. The natural potentials are location , size, geological situation, surface, climatic features, water resources, soil resources, natural plant and mineral wealth. The humane potentials include the size and increase of population, population distribution, population structure, agricultural development, industrial development and tourism flourishing. The third chapter addresses the situation of rural development through exposing the situation of services in Abo - Al Khassib and Al - Zubair districts such as housing services, sanitation, potable water, electricity and roads. This section is also concerned with governmental services (social, educational and health services). Chapter four pays attention to the problems of rural development in both districts comprising the natural and humane problems. The natural problems are climatic change, dry, soil deterioration, decrease in plant cover andlow quality of water. The humane problems are multiplicity of rural residence, decrease in the educational level, the problem of government support, unemployment, technological problems besides other things. The last chapter is devoted to the future plans to develop the rural areas in both locations. The study finds out that both districts have the humane and natural potentials which, if these will be exploited in a proper way, will produce and attain good results for sustained development in those areas. Also, the study show a variation in the levels of services and their qualities in the two districts and among their administrative centers. Finally, the study closes with a conclusion and number of suggestions besides the references page.

التحليل المكاني لزراعة اشجار النخيل في محافظة ميسان == THE SPACIAL ANALYSIS OF DECREASE IN DATE PALM SHOOTS IN MISSAN DISTRICT

Author name: محمد علي جمعة سيد
Supervisor name: محمد رمضان محمد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Agricultural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: النخيل والتمور من الثروات الوطنية المهمة , فالتمور مادة ذات قيمة غذائية عالية لاحتوائها على السكريات والبروتينات والفيتامينات والمعادن الاخرى , وتعدد استعمالاتها البشرية , لذلك فان مسالة تطوير زراعة النخيل وانتاجه والنهوض به يستلزم تطوير انتاج مرض وغرس اصناف مرغوبة تجاريا , ويتباين زراعة النخيل من مكان لاخر ومن موسم لاخر تبعا لمتغيرات طبيعية وبشرية , ومنها جاءت الدراسة للكشف عن تاثير عملية اخلاف اشجار النخيل. اعتمدت الدراسة على البيانات الرسمية من الدوائر ذات العلاقة , والمقابلات الشخصية , كذلك استقصاء الحقائق من العمل الميداني بالدرجة الاساس الذي شمل توزيع (571) استمارة استبيان في (14) وحدة ادارية تمثل (51%) من مجموع بساتين المحافظة البالغة (1106) بستانا للوقوف على واقع عملية اخلاف اشجار النخيل للنخيل المتقدم بالعمر والهالك خلال المدة (2011 - 2016) والتعرف على طرائق اكثار النخيل في بساتين المحافظة والتي تمثلت بالاكثار بالفسائل والنوى والنسيجي والتي بلغت اهميتها النسبية (95,53 % - 4,12% - 0,35%) على التوالي , كما كشفت الدراسة انخفاض عدد النخيل في الدونم الواحد اذ بلغ (26,8) نخلة بالدونم كما اظهرت ارتفاع اعداد النخيل المتقدم بالعمر اذ بلغ نسبة عدد النخيل الفتي والمتقدم بالعمر (36,02% - 63,98%) لكل منها على التوالي من مجموع نخيل العينة البالغ ( 172077) نخلة كما تبين عدد النخيل الهالك ( 128723) نخلة , كما كشفت عدد الفسائل المغروسة خلال هذه المدة اذ بلغت (13925) نخلة بمختلف الاصناف في جميع الوحدات الادارية , لهذا انخفضت نسبة الاخلاف اذ بلغت (5,83%) كما تبين في الدراسة انخفاض ظاهرة اخلاف اشجار النخيل والتي تقف وراءها مجموعة من العوامل الطبيعية والبشرية كان من اهمها ارتفاع تملح الترب, وكثرة الامراض, والافات التي تصيب النخيل والتمور, وكذلك انخفاض الميل للعمل الزراعي لدى غالبية القوى العاملة الزراعية وقلة خبرة العاملين في بساتين النخيل وارتفاع تكاليف العمليات الزراعية والمستلزمات العمليات الزراعية لبساتين النخيل وكذلك انخفاض كفاءة تسويقيه للتمور, فضلا عن توجه المزارعين نحو الزراعة البينية وقلة الدعم الحكومي لبساتين النخيل. | Palm trees and dates are among the important national resources. Date is considered as a high valuable nourishing material since it has sugar, proteins, vitamins and other minerals. They are being used by humans for various purposes. Thus, the case of developing the implantation and production of palm trees needs for developing the level of growing various species required for commercial purposes. But the implantation of such trees has undergone several variation. These trees have variations from place to place in accordance to human and climatic variations. Accordingly, the current study aims at showing and exposing the effects of the process of replacement of palm trees. The present work depends on official data gotten from the associated institutes and personal interviews, as well as investigating the facts depending on the field - based work that includes the distribution of 571 format questionnaires among 14 administrative units representing 51% out of 1106 orchards in the district, in an attempt to come to terms with the replacement of old and dying palm trees from 201 to 2016 and to recognize the ways of palm trees multiplication in the district represented by shoots and seeds that reach (%.,35, %4.12 - %95.53) respectively. The study also shows a decrease in the number of palm trees per acre which is 26.8 palm trees. In addition, it exposes the increase in the number of old palm trees where the number of young and old palm trees reaches (%63.98 - % 36.02) respectively, out of the total number which is (172077) palm trees. The number of dying palm trees (128723). The study also shows the number of planted shoots during that period is (13925) from various types and from all the administrative units. That’s why there is a low level of replacement which reaches (%5.83). This study shows a decrease in the replacement process which is caused by a number of natural and human factors, among which are the increasing level of salt in soil, diseases, pests that affected trees and date as well a decrease in the efforts of plantation among the majority of farmers and the low level of experience possessed by some farmers, besides the low level of marketing qualification for date and the governmental lower support for the palm trees orchards.

تبايـن كثافـة حركـة النقـل البـري بالسيارات على الطرق الرئيسة في محافظة البصرة : دراسة في جغرافية النقل == Variation of the Density of Land Transport by Cars on Main Roads in Basrah Province

Author name: زينب مزبان هزاع الخفاجي
Supervisor name: اسعد عباس هندي الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography of Transportation
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت الدراسة تباين كثافة حركة النقل البري بالسيارات على شبكة الطرق الرئيسة في محافظة البصرة بالوصف والتحليل والاستنتاج، وقد كان الهدف الاساسي من اعداد هذه الدراسة هو ابراز واقع شبكة الطرق البرية الرئيسة في محافظة البصرة وقياس مدى تباين كثافة الحركة عليها ومدى كفائتها في تلبية احتياجات مستخدميها الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والخدمية، نظرا للدور الكبير والمهم الذي يؤديه قطاع النقل في تسهيل حركة القطاعات الاقتصادية (الزراعية، الصناعية، التجارية)، كما تهدف هذه الدراسة الى تحديد خصائص شبكة الطرق ومميزاتها وانماطها خاصة الطرق الرئيسة ومحاولة تقييمها جغرافيا، بوصفها انعكاسا لمدى تطور المحافظة اقتصاديا واجتماعيا، فضلا عن التعرف على اهم المشاكل التي تواجه هذه الحركة.ولتحقيق هذه الاهداف قسمت الدراسة الى خمسة فصول تناولت اهمية النقل البري بالسيارات على الطرق الرئيسة في محافظة البصرة. فضلا عن دراسة منظومة النقل البري بالسيارات في محافظة البصرة والذي جاء بثلاثة مباحث. كما تم دراسة كثافة حركة سيارات نقل البضائع (الحمل) على الطرق الرئيسة في محافظة البصرة. كما تم دراسة كثافة حركة سيارات نقل الركاب على الطرق الرئيسة في محافظة البصرة من خلال اتباع نفس طريقة العمل.كما تم تناول اهم المشاكل التي تعاني منها الطرق الرئيسة في محافظة البصرة والذي تم الاعتماد فيه على الدراسة الميدانية.فضلا عن قائمة بالنتائج والمقترحات. | This study describes, analyzes and provides conclusions to the density of land transport by cars on main roads in Basrah province. The main concern of this study is to spotlight the reality of main land roads in Basrah and measure the variation of density of movement on these roads and how good they are in satisfying the social, economic and service needs of their users. The study also aims at defining and evaluating the characteristic features and aspects of the network of roads especially the main ones geographically, for they represent a reflection of the economic and social development of the city. To achieve these goals, the study is divided into five chapters. The first chapter deals with the importance of transport by cars on the main roads in Basrah, as it mutually affects the distribution of population and economic activities. Chapter two deals with the network of land transport by cars in Basrah. It falls into three sections that involve the components of this network represented by (driver, road and car). It sets the scene by surveying the historic development of this network from the past up to the present which is divided into two main phases; the first phase is represented by the period between the years (1914 - 1950) and the second phase is represented by the period between the years (1951 - 2015). Chapter three discusses the density of cargo cars movement on the main roads in Basrah in the light of the data obtained from field study. Chapter four discusses the density of passengers' cars movement in the light of the data obtained from the field study. Chapter five tackles the most important problems that the main roads in Basrah suffer from. These problems were identified by the field work and regular visits to the roads. This is also supported by photos that explain the problem for the readers. The study ends with a set of results and the necessary recommendations to treat the problems of land transport by cars in the city.

المنظومات الضغطية المؤثرة في خصائص مناخ شمال الخليج العربي == Effective pressuing systems in Climate features of Arab Gulf North

Author name: حسن منهل مجهول الحساني
Supervisor name: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Climatic geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تهدف الدراسة الى تحليل تاثير المنظومات الضغطية السطحية والمتمثلة (المنخفضات الجوية ، والمرتفعات الجوية والركود الهوائي ) على مناخ شمال الخليج العربي من خلال معرفة تكرار ومدة بقاء المنظومات السطحية المؤثرة في مناخه عند مستوى (1000) مليبارا وكان ذلك بالاعتماد على جمع وتحليل الخرائط الطقسية اليومية وللرصدة (1200 GMT) والمنشورة في شبكة الاتصالات العالمية (الانترنيت) منها مركز الارصاد الجوي في ولاية بلا يموث الامريكية والادارة الوطنية للمحيطات والغلاف الجوي(NOAA ) ومن حساب معدل تكرار وعدد ايام بقاء المنظومات الضغطية الشمولية المنخفضة والمرتفعة والركود الهوائي فوق مناطق شمال الخليج العربي فقد تم تقسيم منطقة الدراسة الى منطقتين (شمالية ، جنوبية) بحسب دوائر عرض( 23 الى 30 )درجة شمالا، وخط طول( 48 الى 56) درجة جنوبا وقد تم تحليل الخرائط الطقسية السطحية (1950 - 2016) وتقسيمها الى ست دورات مناخية هي (1950 - 1961)(1961 - 1972)(1972 - 1983)(1983 - 1994)(1994 - 2005)(2005 - 2016) والتي بلغ عددها اكثر من ( 23760) خريطة وحساب معدل تكرار وعدد ايام بقاء المنظومات الشمولية السطحية واستخراج المعدل الشهري لها ومقدار التغير الشهري للمقارنة وحساب التغير في تلك المنظومات الضغطية، حيث يتعرض شمال الخليج العربي الى انواع عدة من المنظومات الضغطية فهو يعد منطقة صراع بين انواع مختلفة من المنظومات الضغطية السطحية ، ومن خلال الدراسة اتضح ان شمال الخليج العربي يتعرض الى اكثر من (12) منظومة ضغطية منها ثمان منظومات منخفضة تمثلت بالمنخفض الهندي والمنخفض السوداني والمندمج الهندي السوداني والمندمج المتوسطي السوداني والمندمج الهندي المتوسطي ومنخفضات البحر المتوسط ومنخفض شبه الجزيرة العربية والمنخفض الايسلندي) واربع منظومات مرتفعة متمثلة بالمرتفع السيبيري والاوربي وشبه المداري والمحلي ، وظاهرة الركود الهوائي ؟ تكونت الدراسة من مقدمة واربع فصول تمثلت المقدمة بالجانب النظري ومنهجية الدراسة ، اما الفصل الاول فقد تناول معدل تكرار وعدد ايام بقاء المنخفضات الجوية المؤثرة في مناخ شمال الخليج العربي للفترة اعلاه، والمعدلات الموسمية للمنخفضات الجوية المؤثرة على منطقة الدراسة ، بينما تضمن الفصل الثاني معدل تكرار وعدد ايام بقاء المرتفعات الجوية الشهري والموسمي المؤثرة على شمال الخليج ،اما القسم الثاني فقد تطرق الى الركود الهوائي خلال مدة الدراسة ، بينما تطرق الفصل الثالث الى معدل تكرار وعدد ايام بقاء المراكز الثانوية للمنخفضات الجوية للفترة اعلاه فوق منطقة شمال الخليج العربي اما الفصل الرابع تطرق الى معدل تكرار وعدد ايام بقاء المراكز الثانوية للمرتفعات الجوية توصلت الدراسة الى ماياتي : 1 - كشفت الدراسة وجود تغير واضح في مدة بقاء المنظومات الضغطية المنخفضة (الحرارية، الجبهوية)، والمنظومات الضغطية المرتفعة السطحية , اذ ظهر المنخفض الهندي الموسمي والمنخفض السوداني والمندمج الهندي السوداني في الدورة السادسة بنسبه اعلى من الدورة الاولى وانخفضت مدة بقاء وتكرار المنخفض المتوسطي في الدورة السادسة عما كان علية في الدورة الاولى اما المنخفض المندمج الهندي المتوسطي فان تكراره وعدد ايام بقائه انخفضت وبنسبة كبيرة بين الدورة الاولى والسادسة . 2 - انخفاض تكرار ومدة بقاء المنخفضات الجوية (الجبهوية ) وزيادة مدة بقاء المنخفضات الحرارية ومنها المنخفض الهندي الموسمي وارتفاع مدة بقاء المرتفعات الجوية المؤثرة والتي ساهمت في تغير طقس شمال الخليج العربي ومناخه، 3 - زيادة تكرار وعدد ايام بقاء المراكز الثانوية للمنخفضات الحرارية في الدورة السادسة عما كان علية في الدورات الاخرى وهذا سببه التغير المناخي الذي يحصل في وقتنا الحالي، وقلة تكرار ومدة بقاء المراكز الثانوية للمنخفضات الجبهوية مما اسهم وبشكل كبير في قلة الامطار فوق منطقة الدراسة وزيادة المراكز الثانوية للمرتفعات الجوية ومنها المرتفع السيبيري والاوربي وشبه المداري.4 - يزداد تكرار ظاهرة الركود الهوائي في الفصول الانتقالية ويقل في الفصل البارد والفصل الحار ويعود سبب ذلك الى ان في الفصول الانتقالية تتقابل فيها مجموعة المنظومات الضغطية السطحية المرتفعة والمنخفضة لتتصارع فوق العراق مما يسمح بفرصه تكون ظاهرة الركود قبل ان تحتل منظومة قوية المنطقة ذاتها، مما يؤدي الى ارتفاع معدل بقائها بالرغم من قلة عدد ايامها.5 - يكون تكرار ومدة بقاء المنخفضات الحرارية فوق المنطقة الجنوبية اكثر من المنطقة الشمالية، وتزداد مدة بقاء المنخفضات الجبهوية فوق المنطقة الشمالية اكثر من المنطقة الجنوبية وهذا يرجع الى جهة دخول المنخفض.6 - يكون تكرار ومدة بقاء المرتفعات الجوية فوق المنطقة الشمالية اكثر مما هو علية في المنطقة الجنوبية لشمال الخليج كما هو الحال بالنسبة للمرتفع السيبيري والاوربي والشبه مداري.7 - سيطرة مطلقة للمنخفض الهندي الموسمي في شهري (تموز، اب) على منطقة الدراسة.8 - نتيجة لعملية التبادل الحراري التي تحصل فان المرتفع السيبيري والمرتفع الاوربي قد يصل مركزه الى المنطقة الجنوبية من شمال الخليج العربي اثناء اشهر (كانون الاول، كانون الثاني، شباط). | The study concluded : 1 - The study revealed that there is a clear change in the survival time of low pressure systems (thermal, frontal) and high surface pressure systems where the Indian low and the Sudanese low and the Sudanese Indian integration in the sixth session higher than the first cycle and decreased duration and frequency of the Mediterranean low in the sixth session Compared to what was in the first cycle of the low - integrated Indian - Mediterranean replication and the number of days of survival decreased significantly between the first and sixth2 - decrease the frequency and duration of survival of air depressions (frontal) and increase the duration of the thermal depressions, including the low seasonal Indian and the high duration of survival of the air high impact, which contributed to the change of weather north of the Arabian Gulf and climate,3 - Increasing the frequency and number of days of survival of the secondary centers of thermal reductions in the sixth cycle than it was in the remaining cycles and this is caused by the current climate change, and the low frequency and duration of secondary centers of the decline of the front and contribute significantly to the lack of rain above the study area increase secondary centers Of the highlands, including the Siberian, European and semi - tropical highlands.4 - Increasing the frequency of air recession in the transitional seasons and less in the cold and the hot chapter. This is because in the transitional seasons, the group of high and low surface pressure systems meet to compete over Iraq, which allows its chances to be a recession before a strong system occupies the same area. Leading to a high survival rate despite the small number of days.5 - The frequency and duration of the survival of the thermal depressions above the southern region more than the northern region, and the duration of the survival of the depressions above the northern region more than the southern region and this is due to the entry of the low.6. The frequency and duration of the survival of the highlands over the northern region is greater than in the southern region, as is the case for the Siberian, European and semi - tropical elevations.7 - absolute control of the Indian seasonal low in the months (July, August) on the study area.8. As a result of the heat exchange process, the Siberian and European highlands may reach the southern region of the northern Arabian Gulf during the month of December, January and February. (researcher)Abstract The objective of the study is to analyze the impact of surface pressure systems (air depressions, air heights and air stagnation) on the climate of the North Arabian Gulf by knowing the frequency and duration of systems (1000 mb) and its effect on changing climatic characteristics over the northern Arabian Gulf, based on the collection and analysis of daily weather maps and balances (1200 GMT) published on the Internet, including the Meteorological Center in the state of Plymouth And the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) From the calculation of the frequency and number of days of the survival of the low and high totalitarian systems and the air recession over the northern Arabian Gulf regions, the study area was divided into two regions (north and south) according to latitudes 23 to 30 degrees north and latitude 48 to 56 degrees south. (1950 - 2016) and their division into six climatic cycles (1950 - 1961) (1961 - 1972) (1972 - 1983) (1983 - 1994) (1994 - 2005) (2005 - 2016) And the number of days of survival of total surface systems and the extraction of monthly rate and the amount of monthly change to compare and calculate the change in those systems of compression, where the northern Gulf of Arabia is exposed to several types of systems, it is a zone of conflict between different types of The study revealed that the northern Arabian Gulf is exposed to more than (12) system of compression, including eight low systems represented by the Indian low and the Sudanese low and the integrated Sudanese Indian and the Mediterranean integrated Sudanese and the Indian - Mediterranean integration Mediterranean lowlands, low Arabian Peninsula and Icelandic lowlands) and four high - altitude systems such as Siberian, European, semi - tropical and local, and the phenomenon of stagnation. The first chapter dealt with the frequency and number of days of the survival of the air depressions affecting the atmosphere of the northern Gulf of the period above. The second section is the seasonal averages of the air drops affecting the study area. The second frequency and number of days of survival of the monthly and seasonal highlands affecting the northern Gulf, while the second section dealt with the air recession during the study period, while the third chapter to the frequency and number of days of survival of the secondary centers of the lowlands For the above period over the northern region of the Arabian Gulf. The fourth chapter dealt with the frequency and number of days of survival of the secondary centers of the highlands

الاهمية الجغرافية السياسية لموقعي سوريا والعراق في الاستراتيجية الروسية بعد عام 2011 == The Political Geographic Importance of the Locations of Syria and Iraq in the Russian Strategy after 2011

Author name: ثناء ابراهيم فاضل علاج الشمري
Supervisor name: ظاهر عبد الزهرة خضير الربيعي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geopolitics
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: يعد الموقع عاملا ذا اهمية بالغة في دراسة دولة ما وكثيرا ما كان الموقع هو العنصر الاساس في البناء الجغرافي للدولة التي تدين له بوجودها ونجاحها. ومع ذلك فان قيمة الموقع تتغير تبعا لتغير الظروف. فالموقع يتسم بالثبات النسبي، غير ان قيمته السياسية او الاستراتيجية في تغير مستمر بتغير الزمن وتقدم التقنيات.ان دولتي سوريا والعراق تتمتعان بموقع جغرافي سياسي اكسبهما شخصيتهما المستقلة التي استطاعت ان تؤثر في الاحداث التاريخية قديما وهي تتجدد في الوقت الحاضر وفق المعطيات السياسية الجديدة في منطقة الشرق الاوسط خاصة والعالم عامة. لذا تم اجراء هذه الدراسة الموسومة (الاهمية الجغرافية السياسية لموقعي سوريا والعراق في الاستراتيجية الروسية بعد عام 2011)، التي اتبعت الباحثة فيها المنهج التحليلي (منهج تحليل القوة) والمنهج الاقليمي والمنهج التاريخي اذا ما احتاجت اليه، وصولا للتحقق من الفرضيات التي وضعت للتساؤلات التي بنيت عليها مشكلة البحث.واهم ما توصلت له هذه الدراسة، ان موقعي سوريا والعراق يحتلان اهمية جغرافية سياسية على خريطة العالم السياسية لوقوعهما في قلب العالم القديم وقلب منطقة الشرق الاوسط التي لا يمكن لاي نظام عالمي ان يتشكل بمعزل عنها. وتظافرت العوامل الجغرافية والاقتصادية والعسكرية والدولية في توجيه سياسة روسيا الخارجية نحوهما. وتوصلت الدراسة الى مجموعة من الاسباب وراء التوجه الروسي نحو الدولتين كان على راسها العامل الاقتصادي. وان الازمة السورية شكلت فرصة كبيرة لروسيا لتحاول من خلالها استعادة موقعها كدولة عظمى على الساحة الدولية. كما وتشكل سوريا الظهير الخلفي لروسيا والحفاظ على نفوذها فيها يحقق لها الامن الداخلي وامن الجوار الجغرافي، ويشكل موقع سوريا الجغرافي عقدة عبور انابيب خطوط امدادات الطاقة من الشرق الى الغرب، كما تحتل قاعدة طرطوس مكانة مهمة في استراتيجية روسيا الخارجية كونها موطئ قدم روسيا الوحيد في البحر المتوسط وخسارتها تعني خسارة روسيا لمنطقة الشرق الاوسط. اما السياسة الروسية تجاه العراق بعد عام 2003 انطلقت من اعتبارات المصلحة القومية الروسية المتمثلة في الحفاظ على مصالحها في المنطقة عموما وفي العراق على وجه الخصوص والحيلولة دون تعرض تلك المصلحة - الاقتصادية والتجارية والعسكرية - لاي تهديد مهما كان مصدره عبر تعزيز العلاقات مع النظام الجديد في العراق والحفاظ على ديمومة تلك المصالح والتعاون للشركات الروسية في العراق. كما تؤكد روسيا على ضرورة ضمان سيادة العراق وسلامته الاقليمية وضرورة الاستعادة العاجلة لحق الشعب العراقي في تقرير مستقبله السياسي وحقه في السيطرة على موارده الطبيعية | Location is considered a factor of great importance in studying a specific country; and in most times, location has been the main element in the geographical building of the state, for which its existence and success can be attributed. In spite of this, the value of location does change continuously in accordance to changes in circumstances. The location is characterized by a relative stability, but its political or strategic value is dynamic and changes with time and technological development. The two countries, Syria and Iraq, have the advantage of distinctive political geographic locations that have given them their independent identity, had an impact in the historical events. Currently, this impact is renewing according to the emerging political changes in the Middle East specifically and worldwide generally. Therefore, this study, titled "The Political Geographic Importance of the Locations of Syria and Iraq in the Russian Strategy after 2011" has confirmed, by following the analytical approach (Power Analysis Approach) via research and investigation, the truth of its hypothesis, on which the research problem is based on. The study concludes that the locations of Syria and Iraq do have a great political geographic importance in the world's political map for they lie in the heart of the old world and the Middle East Region where no world regime can be structured in isolation of it. Geographic, economic, military and international factors have led to the orientation of the Russian foreign policy.The study has found out that there are a number of reasons behind the Russian interference towards the two countries. The economic factor is on the top of these factors. The Syrian crisis has represented a great chance for Russia to regain its position in the international community as a great nation. Syria represents the Russian backyard, for this reason it's important to preserve it by securing it which will result in achieving security in the surrounding countries. The Syrian location represents the knothole through which the Iranian and Arab energy pipelines are passing. Whereas the Iraqi location represents the rich production area. Tartus base has a very important status for the Russian foreign policy as it is the last foothold for Russia in the Mediterranean sea, and that losing it may entail losing the Middle East Region. The Syrian and Iraqi locations enable Russia to reach warm waters to get rid of its weak geopolitical area. The Syrian and Iraqi political geographic locations helped making them an area of competition and conflict for big powerful nations

ظاهرة البطالة في مدينة البصرة : دراسة في الجغرافية الاجتماعية == The Phenomenon of Unemployment in the city Province Study in Social geographey

Author name: اية محمود شاكر
Supervisor name: عباس عبد الحسن كاظم العيداني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Social Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تمثل ظاهرة البطالة واحدة من اكبر المشكلات والتي لها انعكاسات اجتماعية وسياسية واقتصادية ، وهي بلا شك ظاهرة قديمة ولكنها اليوم اصبحت اشد خطورة من اي وقت مضى ، بل انها باتت اليوم احدى ابرز المشكلات الاساسية التي تواجه معظم دول العالم باختلاف مستويات تقدم انظمتها الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والسياسية، وممزااد من خطورتها التزايد المستمر المطرد في عدد الافراد القادرين على العمل والراغبين فيه والباحثين عنه من دون ان يعثروا عليه وبالتالي اصبحت مشكلة خطيرة ، وما يترتب عليها من اثار جسيمة ذات مساس ببنية مجتمع المدينة، وبخاصة تلك المتعلقة بالاثار الامنية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية على افراد المجتمع ومؤسساته. تعد مدينة البصرة العاصمة الاقتصادية للعراق بحسب وصف المختصين كونها نافذة على العالم لما تحتويه واقليمها على موانئ تجارية هذا من جانب ، فضلا عن تركز اغلب المؤسسات الادارية والتجارية والصناعية من جانب اخر ، لهذا تعد المدينة قبلة الوافدين الباحثين عن عمل لكسب قوتهم اليومي . لذلك ساهمت العديد من العوامل ( الزيادة الطبيعية والهجرة الوافدة وعودة المهاجرين اليها ، فضلا عن استقطاب العمالة الاجنبية ) في ارتفاع معدلات البطالة بشكل كبير فاقت معظم المحافظات العراقية الاخرى وبالتالي تركت هذه المؤشرات اثارا اجتماعية واقتصادية وديمغرافية ادت بالنتيجة الى انعكاسات سلبية على اقتصادالمدينة مما شكل لها اثارا سلبية منها عدم الاستقرار السياسي والامني ، ناهيك عن الاثار الاجتماعية السلبية الناتجة عنها والتي تنعكس على سلوك الافراد . تهدف الدراسةالى تسليط الضوء على اهم واخطر قضية تعاني منها جميع المدن ومنها مدينة البصرة كمحاولة لتحليل واقعها المكاني ومعرفة اسبابها واثارها الخطيرة وتحديد طرق معالجتها ، باعتبارها تشكل تهديدا خطيرا ومتعدد الابعاد لاسيما اثارها الاجتماعية على الفرد والمجتمع ، وصولا الى التعرض الىاهم التجارب التي ساهمت في حل هذه مشكلة وامكانية تطبيقها على مدينة البصرة. توصلت الدراسة الى جملة من النتائج نورد اهمها : 1. ساهمت العوامل البشرية لاسيما الزيادة السكانية بفعل الولادات وتيارات الهجرة الوافدة الى المدينة في زيادة معدلات البطالة فيها، الخصائص الديمغرافية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية دورا مهما في تباين معدلات البطالة في مدينة البصرة ، اذ نلاحظ ان الفئة (15 - 64) شكلت ما معدله (75,4%) وهي الفئة العاملة ضمن الانشطة الاقتصادية وبالتالي يقع على عاتق هذه الفئة اعالة الفئتين الاولى صغار السن (0 - 14 سنة ) والفئة الثانية كبار السن ( 65 فاكثر ) ، كما تبين بان معظم افراد العينة بمعدل (61,7%) يبلغ دخلهم الشهري اقل من (500 ) الف دينار لذلك فهم من فئة الفقراء كون مستوى الدخل لا يتناسب مع حالة ارتفاع الاسعار نتيجة لزيادة الطلب على السلع والحاجيات الاقتصادية والتجارية وبالتالي لايحقق هذا المستوى المعيشي للانسان برفاهية مما ينعكس على فقدان الامن الاقتصادي لكون شريحة كبيرة هم من فئة العاطلين عن العمل .2. اشارت الدراسة الى ان للبطالة اسبابا واثارا تترتب عليها ، اذ نلاحظ ان هناك اسبابا سياسية واقتصادية واجتماعية ونفسية ساهمت باستفحال ظاهرة البطالة في مدينة البصرة ، يقابل ذلك وجود العديد من الاثار التي تتركها البطالة على مجتمع المدينة منها ( اثار اقتصادية ، اجتماعية ، نفسية ، امنية ، وكذلك تؤثر بشكل مباشر على العامل واسرته لاسيما في الانخراط لتناول الخمر والمخدرات او السرقة والقتل )3. اتضح من خلال الدراسة بحسب احصائية وزراة العمل والشؤون الاجتماعية بان هناك ( 169589 ) الف عاطل عن العمل في مدينة البصرة ، اذ سجلت اعداد العاطلين الذكور (158506) عاطلا وبنسبة 93,5% ، اذ شغلت اعلى فئة ضمن حملة الشهادة الابتدائية بواقع (21.7%) وادناها لحملة الشهادات العليا (0,2%) ، بينما سجلت العاطلات عن العمل لشريحة الاناث (10988 ) عاطلة وبنسبة (6,5%) كان اعلاها ضمن حملة الشهادة الابتدائية بنسبة (23,1% وادنى نسبة لمحلة الشهادات العليا (0,1%) | The phenomenon of unemployment represents one of the biggest problems that have social, political and economic repercussions. This was an old phenomenon, but now it gets more dangerous. It becomes the most prominent problem that other countries have been suffering from on different levels of life. What is more dangerous is that there are many people having the ability to work and they seek jobs and they have qualifications, but they haven't found such jobs. This has a negative effect on the social structure. Basra Province is considered as the economic capital of Iraq since it is seen as a window to the outside world for it has commercial ports and, further, it possesses administrational, industrial and commercial centers. Thus, this city is regarded as a gate to the foreigners and job - seekers. Accordingly, there are a lot factors contributing to the emergence of an increase number in unemployment, exceeding the other provinces in Iraq. Therefore, these reflected negative results on the economic, social and demographic levels that affected the political and security stability, as well as the negative social behaviour. The current study aims at shedding light on the most dangerous problem most of the cities in Iraq, including Basra, have been confronting in an attempt to analyze the spatial reality and to recognize the basic causes as well as its effects upon the individual and the society , then ending in the important experiments and practices that contributed to solve this problem and the possibility of applying these solutions to Basra Province. The present study found some results, most of these are presented in the following points : 1. The human factors, especially the population increase such as the number of births and immigration, contributed to increase the level of unemployment. The demographic, economic and social features played fundamental roles in the emergence of unemployment range in Basra. The category (15 - 64) occupies 75.4% that is the working category among the economic activities, and hence, this category is responsible for the sustenance of the category (0 - 14) years old. The second category is the old age generation |(65 years old) and more whose their income is lesser than 500 thousand dinars. This category has the percentage of (61.7%). This group of people is considered poor since their income level is not sufficient for the progressive rise in the prices of goods. 2. The study refers to the fact that unemployment has its negative effects. It is noted that there are political, economic and social as well as psychological reasons that helped in the flourishing of the phenomenon of unemployment in Basra province. These have resulted in the occurrence of addiction, crime and stealing. 3. Throughout the study, according to the statistics of ministry of Labor and social affairs, there are 169589 unemployed, the males are 158506 with a percentage of 93.5% . The highest category are those who are in the primary stage with a percentage of (21.7%) and the lowest category are those with higher certificates with a percentage of (0.2%). The number of unemployed women is 10988 with a percentage of (23.1%), the lowest category are those women with higher certificates with a percentage of (0.1%).

التحليل المكاني لمناسيب المياه الجوفية ونوعيتها في القسم الجنوبي الشرقي من قضاء الزبير == SPATICAL ANALYSIS OF GROUNDWATER LEVELS AND THEIR QUALITY IN THE DISTRICT OF AL - ZUBAIR USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS(GIS) AND WATER QUALITY INDEX (WQI)

Author name: حنين صادق عبد العباس الركابي
Supervisor name: صفاء عبد الامير رشم الاسدي | حسين بدر غالب المنصوري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تعد المياه الجوفية من المصادر الاساسية في الموارد المائية لانها تستخدم في العديد من مجالات الحياة المهمة كالزراعية والمنزلية والصناعية. ويتحكم في اهمية المياه الجوفية عاملان اساسيان وهما كل من المنسوب الذي يحدد امكانية الاستفادة من المياه الجوفية زيادة على نوعيتهاالتي تؤثر بدرجة كبيرة على مدى امكانية استخدام هذه المياه في الاستعمالات المختلفة. اقتصرت هذه الدراسة على الجزء الجنوبي الشرقي من قضاء الزبير لتمثل منطقة الدراسة، اذ تقع فلكيا بين دائرتي عرض”27 ’35 °30 - ”33’01 ° 30شمالا وخطي طول”30 ’58 °47 - ”30’22 °47 شرقا وتقدر مساحتها بما يقرب من2687 كم2لتمثل 27% من مساحة القضاء الاجمالية، وتمتاز هذه المنطقة بتركز الابار والكثافة النسبية في استخدامات المياه الجوفية والري الزراعي. اشتملت هذه الدراسة على تحليل التباين المكاني والزمني في مناسيب المياه الجوفية في منطقة الدراسة خلال المدة 2010 - 2014، وقد انتخبت 15 بئرا لهذا الغرض. لقد اظهرت الدراسة تباينات مكانية وزمنية في المنسوب الجوفي، اذ ترتفع المناسيب في الجهات الجنوبية الغربية من منطقة الدراسة بمقدار32.05 متر في حين تنخفض في الجهات الشمالية الشرقية بمقدار2.36 مترا، ويرجع السبب في ذلك الى جملة عوامل ابرزها عامل السطح. اما التباينات الزمنية فكانت غير نمطية مع موسمي الشتاء والصيف ما يعطي مؤشرا قويا على ضعف العامل المناخي والامطار في التاثير في المنسوب الجوفي فيما تمثل دور الاستخدامات البشرية في المياه في الري الزراعي العامل الاكبر في تلك التباينات. كما اشتملت هذه الرسالةعلى دراسة نوعية المياه الجوفية اذ انتخب 30 بئرا لهذا الغرض وقد جمعت 30 عينة في موسم الشتاء (شباط) و30 عينة في موسم الصيف (اب) وذلك للكشف عن الخصائص الفيزيائية والكيمائية في المياه الجوفية اذ قيس كلا من الاس الهيدروجيني (PH) ودرجة الحرارة (درجة مئوية) والتوصيلية الكهربائية EC)) حقليا . اما الخصائص الكيميائية التي حللت مختبريا شملت كلا من المواد الذائبة الكلية(TDS) والعناصر الرئيسة التي شملت الايونات الموجبة وهي الصوديوم (Na) والكالسيوم(Ca) والمغنيسيوم(Mg) والبوتاسيوم(K) والايونات السالبة وهي الكلوريد(Cl) والكبريتات(SO4) والبيكاربونات(HCO3). اظهرت نتائج التحليلات الحقلية والمختبرية تباين الاس الهيدروجيني بين7.40 و7.1 ودرجة الحرارة بين31.5 و26.5 درجة مئوية والتوصيلية الكهربائية بين1405 و4410 ديسي سمنز/متر فيما تباين معدل تركيز المواد الذائبة الكلية بين 10005 و3205 ملغم/لتر وعلى الرغم من ارتفاع تركيز جميع الايونات الرئيسة في مياه الابار المدروسة غير ان هنالك سيادة الى ايوني الكالسيوم والكلوريد اذ يرتفع معدل تركيز الكالسيوم (Ca) الى768.1 ملغم/لتر ليمثل اعلى الايونات الموجبة في حين يرتفع معدل تركيز الكلوريد (Cl) الى2279.4 ملغم/لتر ليمثل اعلى الايونات السالبة. لقد تم مقارنة الخصائص النوعية للمياه بالمعايير العالمية والعراقية لتحديد مدى صلاحيتها للاستخدامات المختلفة واتضح عدم صلاحية المياه للعديد من الاستخداماتفقد تجاوز معدل المواد الذائبة الكلية (TDS) الحدود المسموح بها للشرب والري الزراعي والاغراض الصناعية عدا بعض الاستثناءات | Groundwater is a major source of water resources in arid area because it is used in agriculture, domestic and industrial. The importance of groundwater is controlled by two main factors : the level determining the potential for groundwater utilization, and the quality of water, which greatly affects the extent to which water can be required in different uses.This study was confined to the south - eastern part of Al - Zubayr district to represent the study area. It is located between two latitudes 30° 35’ 27” - 30° 01’ 33” and longitudes 47° 58’ 30” - 47° 22’ 30”. The total area is estimated at 2687 km2 representing 27% of the total area of the district. This area is featured by use of wells and the relative hight in the uses of groundwater and agricultural irrigation.This study included analysis of spatial and temporal variation in groundwater levels in the study area during the period 2010 - 2014, and 15 wells were selected for this purpose. The study showed spatial and temporal variations in the groundwater level, with elevations in the southwestern regions of the study area rising by 32.05 meters, while in the north - eastern regions it decreased by 2.36 meters, due to a number of factors, most notably the surface factor. Typical of the winter and summer seasons, which gives a strong indication of the weakness of the climatic factor and rain in the influence of the groundwater level, while the role of human uses in water for irrigation is the biggest factor in these disparities.This thesis included a study of groundwater quality whereas 30 wells were selected for this purpose and 30 samples were collected during the winter season, and 30 samples were collected during the summer season to detect the physical and chemical properties of the groundwater. Measures for pH, temperature and electrical conductivity have been recorded by field . As for the chemical properties that analyzed by laboratory were TDS and the main elements included the Cations such as sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), and the negative ions such as (chlorides) (Cl), sulfate (SO4) and bicarbonate (HCO3). The results of field and laboratory analyzes showed pH variation between 7.40 and 7.1 and the temperature between 31.5 and 26.5 ° C and the electrical conductivity between 1405 and 4410 dsi / m and the average of total concentration was between 10005 and 3205 mg/L although the concentration of all main ions was high in wells water that under study but mainly with calcium (Ca) to 768.1 mg/L represents the highest Cations while the concentration of chloride (Cl) increases to 2279.4 mg/L that represents the highest Anions.The specific characteristics of the water were compared to international and Iraqi standards to determine their suitability for different uses and the water was unsuitabile for many uses. TDS exceeded the permissible limits for drinking, irrigation and industrial purposes except for some uses
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