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المنهج النبوي في معالجة الفتن The Prophet'S Ways For Solving Seditions

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: تشغل الدراسات التي تتعلق بالسيرة النبوية مكانة مهمة في دائرة الابحاث التاريخية نظرا لما تمثله من اطار منهجي ( نظري / سلوكي ) ذات بعد الزامي لمن ينتمي للمدرسة الاسلامية، على اعتبار ان شخص النبي الاكرم ( ) هو المحدد الامثل لحركة الانسان في طوره التكاملي و| The studies which concern the biography of the prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him ) have a special place in the historical researches , because it is obligatory for Muslims. The study becomes more important because it doesn't deal with an ordinary man, but it deals with the greatest man on the earth. This reason attracts my attention to choose this topic (( The Prophet's Ways for Solving Seditions )). Although, there are a lot of studies dealt with the biography of the prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him ) but, the they didn't pay more attention the sedition and how the prophet Mohammed dealt with them. The plan of the study consists of an introduction , four chapters and conclusion. The first chapter entitled ((A Study of The Concept and the Motivations of The Sedition )). It consists of three sections, the first section deals with the linguistic meaning of sedition while the second section focuses on the concept of sedition in Islamic thought. The third pays more attention to the reasons and the motivations which lead to sedition. The second chapter concentrates on the seditions which are made by Non - Muslims and the Prophet's ways for solving them. This chapter consists of four sections, the first one deals with the ways of making seditions by the polytheists and how the prophet Mohammed solved them. The second section focuses on the ways of making seditions by the Jews and how the prophet Mohammed solved them too. The fourth one studies the inductions and the predictive policy of the Prophet for solving the seditions of Non - Muslims. The third chapter concentrates on the skills of the prophet in dealing with the seditions of Muslims. This chapter consists of four sections , the first one introduces the dimensions and the inductions of hypocrites' seditions and the wisdom of the prophet Mohammed in solving them. The second sections pays the attention to the policy of the Prophet in dealing the seditions of immigrants and the supporters. The fourth one explains the impact the prophetical thought in the productive approach against Muslims' seditions before they occur. While the fourth chapter which we named it as the general landmarks for the concepts of seditions' affects. This chapter consists of five sections to illustrate the effects of seditions. The first section explains the religious effects of seditions ,but the second section deals with the military and political effects of seditions. The third one focuses on the social effects of seditions, while the fourth section concentrates on the economic effects of seditions , and the last section pays the attention to the intellectual effects of seditions. The study presents some of the following results : • The word 'sedition' has a lot of meanings, It can be understood from the context of the sentence. Sedition often means ordeal , test or exam , but in the present study we dealt with sedition as ordeal. • The seditions wasn't against the prophet Mohammed ( peace be upon him) or Muslims only , but everyone who was affected socially or economically or even politically, he or she will make a sedition against Islamic Religion in order to stop this almighty religion. Furthermore , this religion came against those people. • The seditions of Non - believers were more than the others especially at Mecca or at the beginning of Islam. • The Jew have the great portion of the seditions , and they did not stop at the pint of seditions but they began to fight Muslims because they felt envious of the prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him ).• The seditions which made by the Christianity is the weakest in this case. There are two reasons for that , the first is that the Christians were few people in Mecca , this is from one hand , on the other Christians have some common grounds with Muslims.• The prophet Mohammed paid more attention to teach Muslims different sciences in order to face the thought of the nonbelievers. • The seditions shows that there were two sides , the first side is the side of the prophet Mohammed and his followers which is the side of practicing the right principles of Islam. The next side is the side of those people who follow their interests paying no attention to Islam.• The seditions shows there were a lot of negative aspects such as social , economic , political and religious whether in direct or in indirect ways. The present study warns people from these negative aspects because history repeat itself. • The study shows the great personality for the prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him ) in all the aspects of life to drive the people to paradise at any circumstances. It also presents the right ways of the prophet Mohammed for solving the problems and the seditions
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: ابراهيم جدوع محسن السلمي
اسم المؤلف: علي زناد كلش

الولايات المتحدة الامريكية ويوغسلافيا : دراسة في العلاقات السياسية 1948 - 1963 United States Of America And Yugoslavia : A Study Of The Political Relations 1948 - 1963

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: The American - Yugoslavian political relation ( 1948 - 1963 ) was regarded as one of the best relations in the world and that was noticeable in the political arena in Europe in particular and the world in general. Those who study the events that occurred during the cold war can realize the evident role the two Countries played in the world affairs and how that was reflected on nature of political relation between them. The fact that Yugoslavia was a Communist Country after the second world war influenced its own political relations with the United States of America which was , in its turn , leading the imperial thought because of the obvious differences in attitudes , interests and political and economic regimes in the two Countries. The study is divided into an introduction , four Chapter , conclusions and appendixes. Chapter one is devoted to describe the political relation between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes which constituted the nucleus of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia which was established in 1945. That relation continued till 1948 and witnessed times of rapprochement and alienation because of the ideological differences in the two countries. Chapter two studies the political relation between the two Countries after expulsion of Yugoslavia from the Cominform at the middle of 1948 till end of 1952 because Yugoslavia's departure from Moscow strengthened its relation with the United States of America. Chapter three deals with the American - Yugoslavian political relation during the first Eisenhower administration (1953 - 1957) when the events in the region highly affected those relations especially Balkan Pact , the problem of Trieste and resumption of Soviet - Yugoslav relations. Chapter four focuses on the relation from 1957 to 1963 which was a result of the attempt of the Yugoslavian government to follow the policy of neutrality which led to tension with the American government especially after Belgrade conference in 1961. That situation Continued till the end of 1963. The conclusion is about the findings the researcher arrived at. The most important conclusions that the study arrived at were : the relation between the two countries was characterized by rapprochement at one time and alienation at the other. The Soviet Union and the fact that Yugoslavia was a Communist state were decisive factors behind that. Also, the fact that America was the leader of the capitalist world due to its military and economic power did not affect tendencies and directions of the foreign policy of Yugoslavia and it Proved many times that it was not affected by the American aids to change its positions
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: ناظم رشم معتوق
اسم المؤلف: علاء رزاك فاضل

الاوضاع العامة في اليابان (1972 - 1989) : دراسة تاريخيه The General Situation In Japan (1972 - 1989)

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: Japan is one of the major industrialized nations that have contributed to the development of many developing countries, the economy and comes with an introduction of donor countries in the world this study was to shed light on the nature of the internal political system and the impact of this system on the general situation in Japan, which include economic and social situation and came thesis under conditions title public in Japan (1972 - 1989) and the thesis consisted of five chapters. each chapter contains three sections, preceded by an introduction and a conclusion. Because the study focused on the subject of the political process in Japan in terms of holding elections and forming a government by the winning party and winning the majority of votes, in the elections that take place every four years, according to the text of the Constitution of Japan in 1947. General political study addressed in Japan (1945 - 1972) and was keen researcher to give historical information brief on the political situation and economic and social in Japan before 1972 in order to create the reader does not accommodate subsequent study classes, and discussed the thesis subject of political forces in Japan after the surrender of Japan in 1945 Japan and they happen for the first time in the political datable under foreign occupation, and also touched on the most important political forces in Japan for the period (1945 - 1955) where he threw light on the most important political forces which have contributed to the leadership of the political system in Japan at the time and was able to rebuild Japan the new post - World war II, through cooperation with the occupation authorities, led by the United States. In 1955, the Liberal Democratic Party came to power and the study focused on discussing the political achievements of the party, which was in the forefront of recovery in Okinawa 1972. the third the One of the main topics discussed by the thesis is the oil crisis and its impact on the political situation and economic and social (1972 - 1978), where she studied the general political situation in Japan under the government of Tanaka Kakuei (1972 - 1974) and talked about the internal politics of Prime Minister Tanaka it was to clarify the impact of this policy on the internal situation and the position of the opposition political parties against the government's policy, and touch on the most important measures taken by the government following the first oil crisis, especially in the field of foreign policy in an attempt to get out of the crisis with minimal losses, so it has taken a series of political steps bold in the field of foreign policy, which was discussed in the second topic, which came under the foreign policy of Prime Minister Tanaka and its impact on the internal political and economic situation in Japan, address, and reviewed the researcher results of this policy and its role in achieving political gains and economic in favor of Japan, the study examined the political situation under the government of Miki Takeo (1974 - 1978) and the most important internal political developments that resulted from the first political scandal taking place in Japan after World war II, where he is accused former Prime Minister Tanaka, and shed light on the implications of this issue at the local and global levels. In addition to the above - mentioned study deals with the Liberal Democratic Party, LDP reforms and their impact on the internal political situation in Japan (1976 - 1980) and internal policy pursued by Prime Minister Fukuda and the position of the opposition political parties to the government as well as to talk about the most important political achievements and economic, which has during the period of his government, and foreign policy pursued by the government with the neighboring countries, particularly China. They also discussed Japan's economic growth and its impact on the internal political situation in Japan (1980 - 1985). It was reviewing the issue of Japan's trade surplus and the impact of this surplus in foreign relations as well as its impact on the internal political situation and how the Government of Japan has dealt with caution in order not to strain relations with the countries at that time were also internal political explanation during the government of Suzuki Znko (1980 - 1982) and touched study the subject of political parties opposed to the ruling party and the main political orientations in addition to the issue of the fiscal deficit in the state budget with said the most important economic measures taken by the government for the fiscal deficit to address that focused on the study reviewed the most important political achievements and economic and social Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone, who is the most prominent prime ministers of Japan and the his role in the modernization of INA - scale Japan and make it the country's number one. And dropped the study highlights the general situation in Japan (1985 - 1989), where she spoke about the internal political situation in Japan (1985 - 1989) and reviewed the most important political events that took place on the internal politics of Japan, particularly the issue of political corruption dubbed naming hiring scandal which shook the pillars of the liberal Democratic party, LDP government, also discussed the issue of the new consumption tax imposed by the Government Nakasone to address the fiscal deficit in the state budget, as well as discuss the sex scandal raised about Prime Minister Uno and how they have contributed to these events in the loss of the liberal Democratic party, LDP election and was the beginning the end of the loss of the majority, dominated by which to judge since 1955.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: فوزي خلف شويل
اسم المؤلف: سحر عباس عبد الحسن النجار

المائدة في الاندلس من الفتح الاسلامي حتى سقوط مملكة غرناطة 92 - 897هـ / 711 - 1492م The Andulusian Food From The Muslim Conquest Until The Fallof The Kingdom Of Granada( 92 - 897 A.H / 711 - 1491 A.D )

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: The tables Andalus when the Muslim conquest marked bait and private tables Muslims simplicity far from the sophistication and limited varieties, and diversity in the food and drink shows because of conquests, and revolutions that have emerged after the Islamic conquest ,and that influenced the foods and drinks and the method of preparation.And marked by lavish tables of the ruling class, luxury and the large number of foods and drinks, while the poor class was simple made and the lack of diversity over the Andalus Islamic eras.It was the beginning of the diversity in foods and drinks when entering (Ziryab) coming from Iraq to Andalusia, it was the first taken from the colors of foods, and what happened in the diversity of food colors and sophistication in cooked at the end of the era of theemirate. And numerous types of foods Bmnas padtha for every occasion and became a special color of the food, and those kinds of tables, tables religious or social, political, and military and other tables.The total tables heyday Andalus in a modern uniform, the children of the Red, where a thousand private cooking in these two eras of two books, the first book (cooking in Morocco and Andalus in the era of the Unitarian) for (anonymous author), and the second book (residual Akhawan in the good things of food and colors) for (son demure Altchibey), where there were many types of cuisine and recipes and cooks and working methods in these two books.The affected table Andalus Bmwaid East and the West, was transferred arrivals to Andalusia coming from the East and the West traditions and customs, including foods and drinks of various species and varieties, as it was influenced by the people of the East and the people of Morocco Bmoaid Andalus which moved them through the arrivals to them or through migrations that occurred in Andalusia both before and after its fall from the hands of the Muslims, as there was a reciprocal effect between the natives and the Muslims of Andalusia in the preparation of foods and drinks and eat.Varied opinions of the scholars of Andalusia around the tables of food and drink in Andalusia, where some of them are denied to non - Muslims foods eating People of the Book, Others have analyzed their foods and Acherbthm, and Atvqo not to extravagant and lavish events and festivals, and the large variety of foods and their own identity, because it is contrary to the teachings of Islam.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: انسام غضبان عبود الباهلي
اسم المؤلف: ابتهال احمد ياسين العيداني

خطط اصبهان في العصر الاسلامي حتى نهاية السيطرة السلجوقية Asbhan Planing In The Modern Islamic Age Till The Salchokian Control

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: This research titled Isfahaan city plans in the Islamic era have been divided into four chapters, the first of which entitled analysis of the sources and references that draw on Isfahaan city since ages Muslim first and up to the modern era, and it was to identify the most important of these Arab sources, who wrote about Isfahaan such as source layers modern Asbahan and contained them not Bo Sheikh Asbahani (d. 369 AH / 979 AD), and the book said News Isfahaan not Bo Naim Asbahani (d. 430 AH / 1038 AD), and the book pros Isfahaan for Mavrokha a fifth - century scientists, as well as mention many Persian references I wrote about Isfahaan.The second quarter was the geographical historic city Isfahaan entitled and which we dealt with the meaning of a single Isfahaan in the language and terminology, also touched on the history of the establishment of the city and its geographical location and area of the border, it has been the definition in all its cities and its importance, said castles and fortified research indicated demographic composition and beliefs of religious people and sources waters and the nature of the climate, as well as the male open Isfahaan at the hands of Muslims in 23 AH / 643 AD, and the different words in a year and the leaders and armies of conquest.The third chapter, entitled government plans to Isfahaan in the Islamic era, and these plans we approached the mosque, which is one of the most important government plans virility spin the rest of the plans are linked by all the streets of the main city and subsidiary, was exposure to male House emirate plans and plans for libraries and schools in Isfahaan, and kinds of different times, as well as the talk of the town wall is ancient history plans and developments that have taken place him in terms of the nature of the construction and Doors defensive purposes to which they showed it to in order to defend the city in case of attack on them, including training grounds plans and stores of weapons and prisons where she was dedicated to this type of castles plans.In the fourth quarter Search on service plans contained no Sbhan in the Islamic era and which have been identified Isfahaan city markets plans, relevance and developments that have taken place by the state's interest in the mentioned kinds and competence of each of them, and these plans are the most important service plans which are connected by all main and branch roads and their importance such as the importance mosque plans, and in this chapter have been identified on the settlement plans that were based on the three foundations of a basically tribal and ethnic, sectarian, also touched on the streets plans, in addition to the Parks plans or public parks and the date of its establishment and the extent of its beauty, and treat them like the Jews and Christ and Muslims and the types of these graves, and our research also pointed to the bridges which plans to set up Zayanderud Rhode River, and finally mentioned the equestrian field in Isfahaan
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: نزار عزيز حبيب الخاقاني
اسم المؤلف: محمد عبيس حميد الطائي

السياسة الامريكية تجاه لاوس (1964 - 1975) American Policy Towards Laos 1964 - 1975

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: اصبحت لاوس نقطة محورية في التوترات الدولية منذ بروز الحرب الباردة بين المعسكرين الشرقي والغربي واتساع النشاط الشيوعي في الهند الصينية، وهو ما دعا الولايات المتحدة بالعمل على وقف انتشار الشيوعية، التي بدات بالتنامي في لاوس منذ الاستقلال الذي منح للبلاد عام
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: ابراهيم فنجان صدام الامارة
اسم المؤلف: فريال صبري علي العيداني

قضية التبت ومواقف الدول الكبرى والاقليمية منها (1949 - 1959) The Issue Of Tibet And The Attitudes Of The Great And Regional Powers (1959 - 1949)

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: The Issue of Tibet is one of the most important Issues, which Occupied the Formal and Informal world Opinion during the Fifth decade of last Century, Tibet Issue is Regarded as an Important Issue because it Started with the beginning of the Cold war between the two Camps of the Communist and Capitalist after World War II, and the Success of the in control of the General Rule in 1949 Chinese Communist Party in taking Power in 1949 after its Success to move Kuomintang Party away to Taiwan. The Researcher Chose the Year 1949 as a Start for the Thesis title because on that Year the Communist Party has Controlling on Power in China, and his Leaders Started calling for the unification of China and entering Regions and one of them was Tibet to Chinese State Authorities. The end of the Thesis was in the Year 1959, which was the Year Tibet Revolution happened in Tibet Revolution was against Chinese existence. The Revolution ended by Escape of the Dalai Lama outside Tibet and asking for Asylum in India. Moreover Tibet Leadership has Succeeded in showing their Issue to the United National Assembly and getting an International Decision to Condemn china. The Thesis is divided into an Introduction and four Chapters and a conclusion. The introduction included general explanation for the Thesis and its way of building. The Titled of the first Chapter was (General Situation in Tibet 1900 - 1949). And it included three Sections. The First Section Referred to the Geographic, Economic and Social Importance in addition to the beginning of the Political establishment of Tibet. the second section that indicated to political developments in Tibet during period of the British Occupation in 1904 and Chinese Occupation in 1910, while the third section has included political developments during period of independence (1912 - 1949), the Second Section had title (Chinese claim with returning Tibet and attitudes of regional and great States 1949 - 1951). it consist of three Section , first Section indicates to Chinese threats with re - annexation of Tibet and of great and regional States. The Second Section that expresses to shuttle fighters for TibetanDelegation in an attempt to avoided their country the risk of Chinese occupation for Eastern Tibet areas (Chamdo) and force Tibetan Government to inter in bilateral negotiation with china. It also dealt with attitudes of regional and great states of the occupation. Third Section had title (internal political developments in Tibet and attitudes of great and regional States of them )1951 - 1958 that consists of two sections first section indicated to bilateral relations between local government of Tibet and Chinese government this Section dealt with refusal of local government for Chinese administrative procedures in AL Tibet and opposition against Chinese existence on both formal and popular levels the second section dealt with first Tibetan revolution against Chinese Authorities have implemented in two provinces Kham and Amdo. It also dealt with Military and logistics Aids that USA Intelligence (CIA) have Provided to Tibetan Resistance. The four section had title (political developments in Tibet and international and regional attitude of them (10 of march 1959 - November 1959) consists of two sections : first section dealt with second Tibetan revolution in 1959 that has reported direct reasons to starting revolution and procedures that popular Chinese government has taken to its suppression the second section indicated to regional and international attitude of Tibetan revolution the conclusion has included the most important results that have reached the thesis
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: فرقد عباس قاسم المياحي
اسم المؤلف: منتصر حسن دهيرب

العلاقات الاسرائيلية الرومانية 1948 - 1973 : دراسة تاريخية Fhe Israeli - Rumanian Relations Since 1948 To1971 A Historical Study

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: The researcher has chosen the ·~Israeli - Rumanian r ations Since 1948 to 1973" to be the topic of his thesis b cause it is an outstanding period in the history of relations between the two sides. Moreover, Rumania had diverged from her communist allies in her view towards the Arabian - Israeli conflict which was embodied in the wars of 1948, 1956,1967, and 1973. Rumania, also, established wide relations with Israel, Son1ething which no other communist state did. The thesis falls into an introduction, four chapters, and a conclusion. Chapter one deals with the circumstances of Rumanian Jews Since the Seventeenth century up to the establishment of Israel in 1948. It tackles their economic, political, and social circumstances since 1882 thereafter, then it focuses on the reasons behind their migration to Palestine up to 1948.Chapter two is devoted to follow the Rumanian Jews migration to Palestine till the fourth Arabian - Israeli war in 1973 and the consequences of this war, it investigates he reasons obstacles and influence at the migration on the elations between Israel and Rumania with the beginning f the n1assive n1igration during the years 1948 to 1951. he chapter, then, follows up the developn1ent and tumbling of the migration up to 1960. After that it studies t e reason behind its decrease up to 1973. The third chapter concerns itself with the political I raeli - Rumanian relations in (1948 to 1973). It 1 vestigates the reason of their improvement since 1948 up t the third Arabian - Israeli war in 1967. Then, it sheds ht on the Rumanian attitude changed up to 1969 when e bassies between the two sides were exchanged it £ cuses on the new Rumanian tendencres in (1970 to1 73), i.e. the first years of the reign of Anwar Al - Sadat, th Egyptian president, and the role and influence of these te dencies on the Rumanian - Arab relations. It also in estigates the Rumanian attitude towards the Israeli - A bian conflict in the United Nations Organization. The fourth and last chapter studies the economic Isr eli - Rumanian relations since 1948 to 1973, i.e. sinc e emergence of Israel up to the signature of the most 1portant economic agreement between the two sides in pril 1967. Then, it gaves on to follow these relations up the October war in 1973.On of the most outstanding finindings that the research mes up with is the difference between the Rumanian ws and the lJ.S.S.R and its communist allies towards Israel - Arabian conflict, and Israel's success to win mania to its side. The Ru1nanian policy was that ofb rgain between the conflicting parties, which aimed at g tting more interests from interests from the two sides in a ition to playing an eminent diplomatic role which gave (Rumania) an influence in the conflict dimensions
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2005
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: فوزي خلف شويل
اسم المؤلف: عماد مكلف عسل عبد البدران

السيـرة النبــوية في مرويات الامام الصادق (عليه السلام) The Prophet Biography In Immam Al - Sadiq'S Narrations A Dissertation

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: This study falls into four chapters. The first chapter focuses on the importance of the prophetic biography as contained in the narrations of Imam Al - Sadiq. The chapter was divided into two main topics; the first centered around the way by which the prophetic biography was subjected to deformity, distortionand misinterpretation, mentioned by many texts and historical testimonies which showed the influence of the authoritative interferencein this deformity. All different forms of this intervention were discussed; among these modes was the prevention ofrecording andcommunication ofAl - Hadith. This occurred during the reigns of the first three Caliphs. Other kinds of deformity, clarified in this research, were the methodology of Hadith fabrication, fraudulence and misinterpretation during both Umayyad and Abbasid ages. It alsohighlighted the qualities of fabricated Hadith and the reasons behind this fabrication, attested by examples, evidences and texts, with clarification of its effects on the recording of the biography. It also studied Israeli narrations and their role in the alteration of the biographical events. It emphasized the sense of the Israeli narrations, digging out the historicalroots behind their fabrication and reasons behind their proliferation in the Islamic society. The topic did not overlook the phenomenon of fanaticism, extremism and the extremists in Islam, headed by the scholars of different Islamic schools and sects. Those scholars took of Hadith invention as a legal method to justify and prove a certain ideology whether sunni or shia.Therefore, their impact was so great that they could manipulate the events of the prophetic biography backing their perspectives by fabricated Hadiths. The chapter also extended to Imam Ali's attitude towards extremists' phenomenon and his fight against it.The second chapter took completely different course. Instead of concentrating on the texts of prevention of Hadith recording, it tackled the priority of Ahl - Al - Baytin Al - Hadith recording. It also dealt with the significance of recording in Islam, attested by Quranic revelations, texts and testimonies from Prophet Mohammed's biography through his Hadith and Shari'a which both hinted to the importance of recording. Imam Ali, on his side, translated those hints into practical steps and left a lot of the prophet's recorded Hadith. He rejectedthe principle of preventing Hadith recording, so did his decedents Imams. Ahl - Al - Bayt school started writing down Prophet's Hadith as the prophet was still alive. It also continued after his death. The infallible Imams,alternately continued the process of recording until Imam Al - Sadiq's time. The researcher referred to the enormity of Imam Al - Sadiq narrations which fills the books of Islamic heritage and different Islamic sects', with no exception. Then, the chapter tended to study the scientific value of Al - Sadiq's narrations, their validity and other qualities. He also seized the chance to refer scholars' testimonies and discourses concerned with Imam's sciences as considered a solid evidence on his scientific superiority. Imam's supremacy was an impetus behind the researcher's choice to write on the Prophetic biography through Imam's narrations. The second chapter, entitled Mohammed's bringing up till his holy mission, focused on the fact that there were greater actions which largely affected Prophet's life. It is known that Mohammed grew up in a pagan society. This atheist environment was the secret behind his grandeur. He was the only one who was brought up in the environment of ignorance, stupidity and foolishness.Despite this, he grew up in an atmosphere of truth, science and wisdom. The second chapter is divided into five topics due to the multiplicity of its contents. The first was devoted to Imam Al - Sadiq's narrations, in relation to Mohammed's personality and disdain. The topic, first, dealt with the purity of Mohammed'sdecent, descriptions and qualities. It, then, referred to Mohammed's preference all over other prophets and messengers. Later, it focused on very important matter which was controversial among Muslims' creeds; his forerunners'belief and purity, and the connection between Abd Al - Mutalib's sons and the story of the harbinger in Quran concerned with Abu Talib'sbelief and that of his successors.This story hasan important place in this research because it tackled aspects of Imam's narrations, scientifically. It accurately analyzed them, based on sound logical criteria, far from prejudice,intending to attain what would support and avail thevalidity of the biography.The prophet's birth and genealogy constitutesan important side of this chapter. The second topic discussed Mohammed's birth and the stories associatedwith it. Some of those stories were over dominated by legendary and miraculous side. That's why they were studied through criticism and analysis, with aim of pinpointing elements of weakness and strength in them. It also dealt with subject of Mohammed's suckling by. Although there are modern studies involving Mohammed's suckling, which brought in new ideas. Scientific methodology was applied to discuss these ideas, to reach truth.Third part considered Mohammed's grandfather's guardianship. Al - Mutalib, his grandfather sponsored Mohammed two months after Mohammed's father's death. But when he became eight years old, his grandfather died. So he came under the guardianship of his uncle Abu Talib. During his uncle's time, great events in his life took place; his travel to Sham and the story of Buhayra, the monk, which was mentioned by many narrations. This part,analytically, studiedthis storyin detail as it will be seen.InBuhayra's story, there was a reference to Mohammed's work in trade, first, then to his being sheep shepherd. Did he mind sheep, or not?The fourth part discussed Imam Al - Sadiq's narrations concerning the prophet's marriage to Khadija and his children. It analyzed the marriage tales and studied the reasons behind selecting Khadija as a wife. It took by search the engagement ceremonies, and the amount of dowry. Then it went to Khadija's social position; was she virgin or matron (not virgin)? It also dealt with the tale of the prophet's children. The fifth part of the second chapter discussed the problem of rebuilding of Kaaba and placing of the black stone almost five years before Mohammed's mission.The third chapter was devoted to the study of Imam Al - Sadiq's narrations on the graceful prophetic mission until his Hijra to Madina. The chapter was divided into four parts. The first part consideredthe beginnings of the prophet's mission and of the divine inspiration. It also discussed the opinions accompanying thosebeginnings of the mission, thedivine inspiration, and how it descended, was parted. The topic concentrated on the differences between Ahl Al - Bayatschooland other Islamic schools in regards to Divine inspiration. Then it referred to thelagging of divine inspiration and the Quranicrevelations. The determination of the date oftheir decent, which assumes a special importance in the Islamic history and the prophetic biography, was seriously considered in the research; did the Prophet read or not? (Was the Prophet literate or illiterate? After all these proceedings prior to Islamic Call and its declaration, the second part came to study how Islamic call started within its two stages; secret and public. It discussed the conflict which took tribal, intellectual, religious and class aspects and so on. It also pinpointed methods used by Quraysh in this conflict and Abu Talib's stance towards these methods for combatting the Islamic Call.Due to the seriousness of Mohammed'sIsra and Mi'raj topic (journey and heavenlyascent) as entered in the framework of the Islamic creed and one of the Prophet's miracles which proved the truth of his prophecy, third part discussed the Isra and Mi'raj, coming out with new results by which the researcher proved that Isra and Mi'raj was not only one event but two, attesting that with what the infallible Imams brought of evidences from the Holy Book verses, texts,Prophets'Hadithand other scientific evidences. So the third topic paid great attention to the issue of Isra and Mi'raj; emphasized the fact that Isra and Mi'raj were subject to manipulation, forgery and falsification through what Jews inserted into it of their fabricated narrations after they had failed to combat Islam scientifically and correctly, for the Holy Book is void of defects.The fourth part dealt with the rest of happenings of biography, starting from the immigration to Abyssinia, then to Madina. It also studied the reasons behindHijra toAbyssinia; were there any political and religious reasons and impetuses which made Prophet Mohammed to order his followers to migrate toAbyssinia or only because of the oppression and coercion the first Muslims suffered at the hands of the unbelievers in Quraysh as many references mentioned? This situation was elaborately discussed here. It also focused on Quraysh besiege to BaniHashim in Abu Talib's passage, Abu Talib's death and its resultant effects on the battle between Messenger and the unbelievers inQuraysh. Then, the topic ended up with discussing of Mohammed's marriage to Aisha. The researcher made newfindings about Aisha's age when she was married to the Messenger. He proved by historical evidences that Aisha was older than what was commonly and explicitly known. The fourth chapter dealt with Imam Al - Sadiq's narrations during the civil reign. It falls into five topics. The first topic centered about the conditions of Hijra to Madina, setting up the foundations of the Islamic state, and the Messenger's actions of building up the state such as theconstruction of Al - Masjid (mosque), settlement of the conflict between Awas and Khazraj tribes, the attainment of brotherhood between the migrants and supporters so that he could get ready to face impeding dangers. The second focused on the intellectual dimensions of Jihad in Prophet's biography because Jihad occupied the first placein all actions in which the Islamic state was engaged since the beginning of its establishment. Jihad, as a concept,sprouted fromthe intellectual, religious and scientific principles ofIslamcore and it was not meant to be killing or bloodshed. That's why it was referred to at the beginning of the research, before the researcherembarked on the details of both Badr and Ehud battles as considered the first Jihadi fights for setting up the foundations of Islamic state.The third topic studied the ideological and political conflict up to Hudaybia truce. In this context, Imam Al - Sadiq mentioned that despite the profound ideological difference which separated Jews from the unbelievers, Jews hated the Messenger and his call too much. And this hatred made them cooperate with the unbelievers against Islam. The Unbelievers' cooperation with Jews continued even after their sham conversion into Islam due to Muslim's victory in Badr Battle. This ideological, political, and even intellectual conflict took five focuses in discussion. All of them concentrated on important events, such as change of the direction of Kiblah, the hypocrites' backing to Jews and the Messenger's attitude towards this backing. It also discussed the coalition of Arab unbelievers' parties with Jews against the Prophet and his policy towards BaniQuradhah. While the fifth dealt withlies and slanders as propaganda being fabricated against the Messenger to defame and underestimate his human personality, and finally with Imam Al - Sadiq's certification of some of those stories, through his narrations.The fourth topic concentrated on the discussion of the Messenger's policy toconsolidate the basics of Islam and impose its sovereignty, based on the events which took place after Hijra to Madina;Hudaybia truce, conquest of Khyber, conquest of Mecca, Hanin Day, and Al - Ta'f besiege. The fifth topic studied the end of the Message age by declaring innocence from the unbelievers, the farewell pilgrimage and the Prophet's sickness and then his death
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: سلمى عبد الحميد حسين الهاشمي
اسم المؤلف: جمعة ثجيل عكلة الحمداني

دور الولايات المتحدة الامريكية السياسي في الشؤون الداخلية لليونان 1943 - 1949 The Political Role Of United States Of America In Interior Affairs Of Greece (1943 - 1949)

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: Greece posed a major part of eastern Europe ,that it lies in the western southern side of Europe continent, and extends along within the Balkan Semi island from the Ionic sea till Aegean sea, as a result of that geography position so Greece has become represent a strategic position to be a target to colonial states, Greece is a pivot joint between east and west , therefore it has a pivot influence in the development of political events in the Balkan.The government of USA didn’t pay any attention to Greece before World War II, but during this was USA had sympathized with it, especially after the Italian invasion to Greece 1940, the USA government assisted Greece through the American Red Cross, but the victories of Greece on Italia didn’t last long, soon the Nazi forces had advanced to invade Greece on April 1941, this event impacted on changing the situation tremendously after the declare of president Franklin Rosfelt to take part in the war on Dec. 1941, the American concern with Greece get increased.After the Nazi invasion of Greece, the Greece government and the king family have fled abroad the country, many political forces have emerged on the ground represented by Greece resistance groups that confronted German invaders, after coalition forces with assistance of resistance had been able to defeat Nazi forces in 1944.As a result, all resistance forces refused the back of the Greece king until proceeding the referendum on the legality of the regime, at that time the president Rosefelt had confirmed on keeping the Greece king because he was a loyal alley for the coalition, the civil war had broken down between the resistance forces that resist the royal regime by the leadership of National liberation Front during 1944 and government forces, Farkiza agreement was resulted from that war on 12th February 1945.Commitment with Farkiza agreement had not been kept for long, so the government started accusing the resistance groups by breaching it, civil war had broken down again when the national liberation front had changed its name to (Dimocratic Greece Army) , on 15th Jan. 1945, on August 1946 Mr. Markos Vafiades was elected to be the leader of that army, the war launched again from the mountain areas in the north of Greece, the USA government had watched the political Greece scene and movement of that army through reports sent by embassy in Greece , as a result the USA president, Troman had declared his doctrine on 12th Feb. 1947, according to that doctrine, the USA government had assisted the Greece government politically and economically.The situation get worse when the British government had declared its withdrawal from Greece on 30th of 1947, the republic army groups had expanded in its dominance over vast lands of Greece, Greece government asked USA government to help it in this crisis, USA government confirmed on military side, it reformed the frame of headquarter of Greece forces and trained its troop, general James Fan Fleet had won to draw plans to defeat the guerrillas undertaken by communism forces, he got assistance by general Alexander Papagos, the main goal of that plan is surrounding the militias, cities and towns and not to go deep inside them in order not to cause a mass human massacres of Greece forces, this plan succeeded to defeat communist militias in Greece 1949.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: رغد فيصل عبد الوهاب نفاوة
اسم المؤلف: وائل جبار جودة النداوي

الاقصاء الفكري والمذهبي في الاندلس من الفتح الاسلامي حتى سقوط غرناطة 92 - 897هـ / 710 - 1491م Intellectual And Sectarian Exclusion In Andalusia From Opening Until The Fall Of Granada{ 92 - 897H / 710 - 1491M }

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: Considered Andalus important Islamic metropolises where many scientists and thinkers who have taken it upon themselves to research and development in the fields of science and knowledge that was not the general situation accepted by explicitly but work on the stand especially her face and he saw it outside the Islamic religion famously took action to address them in all shapes and ways to eliminate those of science and knowledge in multiple formats such as imprisonment, exile, murder and other acts.So you divide my thesis to the front and pave contained four chapters in a statement Photos exclusion was a historic evidence from several perspectives in the control of the Maliki school and Aidulogith in the application of his ideas playoffs, has included a plan submitted Find based on unbridled desire that led me to choose a thesis and also the method and approach which it adopted thesis topics on the statement, and the statement of sources that our results in the Thighs thesis on the MAP.Either the first chapter we have offered is subject to the intellectual and ideological trends} origination and exclusion {has combined two sections, the first meaning of the exclusion and the statement of exclusion language and idiomatically as contained in the language dictionaries, as well as references to this meaning in the Koran and how Illth wrote boredom and the bees, which reflected the ideas of storytellers, and Pena impact political factor in the genesis of the doctrines in Andalusia, while the second topic and address the exclusion of doctrines in Andalusia under the headings exclusion of the Maliki school for the rest of doctrines and how he was able Maliki school of control after the support of the authority and its role and address of the exclusionary policy against science and knowledge and how was his word and Satwa on who oppose that Maliki played a major roleEither The second and the chapter was dedicated "religious charges" brought together the first two sections : charges of atheism and heresy "and touched it to the first two issues of religious charges and second counts mental science and made it clear both how to throw different religious charges if the charge of heresy or interest to get out of debt and that jurists which played a role they were able to form through which the interconnected series of charges pervaded the owners of the new science and the owners of renewed thought that scholars did not deliver them to the rest of the doctrines, scientists and thinkers of philosophy, medicine, astronomy and other sciences of those charges, either second topic and address the political charges came under the first two headings charge of conspiracy to power The second charge Altcol power we have explained in which the depth of exclusionary development that he tried to extend his policy all the roads in order to exclude others because of their ideological and intellectual.The third chapter and the chapter was devoted to the statement "intellectual exclusion methods" have included four first sections : exclusion prison and explained how it was able to owners of authoritarian thought the use of charges and packaged form that allows them to throw the accused in prison and policy practice their right tools and the pressure on them and which claimed the lives of some people to death because of those charges either second topic : the liquidation of murder also has its major role in the exclusion processes has used the owners of rigid trends and Alemtemthleen who led the Maalikis activate the secret and public killings tool for the liquidation of opponents of the scientific arena because of what were driven right Almgosain of false charges, either third topic : the displacement is considered the perfect tool for them in Almgosai deal signed after his land and his fellow workers, including an effective tool in the intimidation and terrorism. Either fourth topic : the destruction of intellectual productions and who embodied the most dangerous exclusion processes, as is the termination phase of the owners of the intellectual and religious trends through campus affected by them and which formed a burden on both cases, researchers because of the loss of those books and what the content of which were destroyed because of the desires of scholars and face Almtsidin of the doctrine of al - Maliki, the destruction of their books. The fourth chapter,dealt with and entitled "Methods of face exclusion," which came in the first two sections : hiding from the pressures of exclusion The first two addresses included immigration in order to avoid the development of cases of exclusion and the use of repressive tactics against Almgosain which necessitated their migration and disappearances in the Secretary and remote areas within Andalusia and beyond, and the second face the pressures of exclusion by the challenge and confrontation, or to stay and refused to obey the orders of the authority of the wishes of influential jurists Maalikis.The fourth five entitled "Public attitudes" which we explained where those positions have included the first two sections : the general attitudes of the implementation of the exclusion orders, which reflected the first two aspects positive supporter of thedecisions of exclusion and supportive of her and the second rejecting exclusion and confrontation with its decisions after remedied to the size of the plots hatched against scientists and scholars in order to exclusion, and the second represents their positions of intellectual and revolutionary movements embodied doing some revolutions against those who have been excluded. And the conclusion of the findings of the study of important results Astfadtha of those circumstances and women, which was the reason behind the exclusion of the right of scientists and thinkers the results of the task related to exclusion, as well as a list of the names of the manuscripts and sources in Arabic and translated, references and a number of messages and Alatarih university, periodicals and foreign references.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: شكري ناصر عبد الحسن المياحي
اسم المؤلف: احمد عبد الكاظم لجلاج

تجارة القطن في الولايات المتحدة الامريكية بين عامي 1783 - 1865 Cotton Trade In The United State Between 1783 - 1865

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: Had a history of the United States of America in the nineteenth century, important developments was the most prominent of the civil war between (1860 - 1865) between the southern states and the US federal government, and it was the most important reasons for having chronic disagreement between the parties on the issue of slavery, which resulted in the aggravation of this issue during the the nineteenth century to the occurrence of many developments that have made the two parties enter into frequent disputes between the two and the other.Cotton was the most prominent factors that caused the civil war, while it was slavery in America in the way of grants to recede and disappear in the final of the eighteenth century decade, emerged cotton crop tops the list of cash crops that the demand is very Kpalra in the late eighteenth century and throughout the nineteenth century. , so gave cotton Aabboudah in the United States a strong motivation for the continuation of more than half a century, particularly since cotton was Leno in the south of large farms, which require a great effort to be planted and cared for. Against the industrial and commercial progress of the North because of the lack of orientation to agriculture causes climatic and topographic , efforts were concentrated towards industrialization, especially textile manufacturing, while the south has focused its attention towards agriculture with the rise of cotton has become more adherent than ever with his economic power, and of the slave
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2014
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: ياسين طه ياسين الهارون
اسم المؤلف: محمد سلمان منور

كونراد اديناور ودوره في السياسة الخارجية لالمانيا الاتحادية (1949 - 1963) Konrad Adenauer And His Role In Foreign Policy Of Federal Germany 1949 - 1963

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: After the 2nd world war Germany had witnessed many great and important changes affected on its future for decades, especially its Spilt into two Germanys , Federal and Democratic, this Spilt occurred two contradictory countries, one followed the western countries and the other followed the Soviet Union. This came according to the results of the 2nd world war. So west Germany fell as a victim of division to United States, Great Britain and France which represented Federal Germany later, and Soviet Union occupied the eastern Part and founded Democratic Germany.These events led to weakness and division of Germany among the four countries, but the German political elites worked for reposition of Germany among countries, particularly in Federal Germany, where Adenauer rose as an important personality in Germany, according to his long experience since the German Empire and Republic of Weimar and then his opposition to Hitler's regime. Then he took an important role in formation the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) which contained the high political personalities who had a role in Republic of Weimar and were opponents to Hitler.The Dissertation consists of an introduction, four Chapters and a conclusions , the first chapter, entitled Konrad Adenauer and his first political activities until 1949, Which divided into four sections, The first tackled Konrad Adenauer : his life and beginnings till 1917. And the second section studied Konrad Adenauer as a mayor of cologne 1917 - 1933 which clarified his role in modernization of the city and his attitude from the general politics of Weimar Republic, the third section showed Adenauer during the period of the third Reich 1933 - 1945 which clarified his suffering of Hitler's regime, and the Fourth section talked the role of Adenauer after the 2nd world war and the foundation of the Christian Democratic Union until 1949, Which clarified his role as a mayor after the War and foundation of the (CDU).The Second Chapter studied the Role of Adenauer in foreign policy of federal Germany 1949 - 1953, Which divided into four sections, the first deals with the Elections Campaign and foundation of Federal Republic of Germany, and the second section included the basic principles of the German's foreign politics and the beginning of allying with occident, the third section followed the role of Adenauer in betterment the relationship between Federal Germany and France. The fourth section talked Adenauer and the cold war.The Third Chapter covered the role of Adenauer in foreign policy of federal Germany 1954 - 1957, which divided into four sections, the first talked Adenauer's role in joined federal Germany in NATO. The second section clarify the attitude of Adenauer from the meeting of the four powers in Geneva and the Unity of Germany. The third section covered the attitude of the three allies from foundation of the German army. The fourth section deals with the role of Adenauer in forming the European Economic Community (EEC).The fourth chapter Focused on the role of Adenauer in foreign policy of federal Germany 1958 - 1963 , Which divided into four sections , the first studied the policy of Adenauer towards France 1958 - 1963. The second section asserted on the policy of Adenauer towards Britain 1958 - 1963. The third one studied the Attitude of Adenauer from Berlin crisis 1958 - 1961. The fourth and last section concentrated on the ends of Adenauer until his death 1967.The thesis has reached several conclusions , the main were : - Adenauer was different in his directions after the 2nd world war than before, because he thought the new stage needs new political visions, especially after the failure of Weimar Republic in realizing democracy, therefore he didn't return to the central party, but he founded a new party believes in equality in religions, so that some of protestant politicians joined his party. - Adenauer could drawing foreign politics suitable to German reality, and he succeeded in applying what he called in electoral program. - The Advantage of Adenauer wasn't for Germany only but for Europe in general, because what he done to create the European Economic Community was a clear evidence to his keenness on European Nation, so that he participated in foundation a union gathering European countries in all fields. - Adenauer perpetrated many mistakes at the end of his rule resulted hatred of some politicians to him and decreasing in his popularity, particularly when he was nominated as a president and then dragging his nomination, he gave a less value to the post of president, and he excluded the political competitors. - we can certainly say that Adenauer in spite of his personal autocratic tendencies was genuinely committed to liberal democracy, and that for 95 per cent of the time he acted within the parameters of the ‘Chancellor democracy’ existed in the sense that the Federal Republic had a very powerful chief executive in the Adenauer years (1949 - 63), or, to be more precise, it had such a person until 1961. It did not exist in the sense of its having an autocratic Chancellor
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الاداب
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: اسامة عبد الرحمن نعمان الدوري
اسم المؤلف: محمد سمير خزعل

المراسلات الادارية للامبراطورية الاشورية الحديثة (911 - 612 ق.م) تجاه حكام المقاطعات Modern Assyrian Empire'S Administrative Correspondences To The Governors Of Territories (911 - 612 B.C.)

المستخلص: Administrative correspondences are considered of vital significance for any country or empire which kings keep on governing and ruling, and its importance like arteries for human body. The inception of the documentation of such correspondences can be traced back to the invention and spread of the writing system. Correspondences take a special place in the Cuneiform and historical studies since they are regarded as the most important historical resources for identifying the politics and civilization of Assyrian Empire exposing the life nature and administrative organization of the empire at that time, and this is the reason behind choosing such a topic as the main focus of this study. The present study falls into four chapters with an introduction. Chapter one deals with the nature of Assyrian administrative correspondences in the First Thousand B.C., and sub - divided into three sections. Section one is an introductory overview of correspondences and territories from linguistic and technical perspectives. Section two studies the formats of administrative correspondences. Section three sheds light on the employees of administrative correspondences (messengers) and their role in the Assyrian political and military life. Chapter two highlights the main Assyrian territories in terms of their geographical distribution. It is sub - divided into four sections. Section one examines the central territories, and section two studies the northern, western and west northern territories. Section three covers the eastern and south eastern territories, whereas section four tackles the southern territories. Chapter three examines the contents and themes of administrative correspondences. It has three sections. Section one spots light on the interior security affairs and laws abiding, the diplomatic tactics, and the intelligence system. Section two deals with the military correspondences, recruiting system and military campaigns. Section three, on the other hand, is mainly concerned with Assyrian mailing and communication system. Chapter four covers the administrative correspondences for economic and constructional aspects. It is sub - divided into three sections. Section one deals with the economic correspondences. Section two is limited to the constructional and architectural correspondences. Section three deals with diversified Assyrian correspondences. Finally, the study is concluded with a number of findings : Assyrian administrative correspondences show the kings? interference in every aspect of territories, and most correspondences sent by the governors were answers to the kings? messages. Also, there is a large number of correspondences approximating to 2000 messages covering different aspects, and some of these correspondences in script forms are not safe as many of them smashed and broken.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الاداب
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ القديم
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: غسان عبد صالح
اسم المؤلف: فاتن حميد قاسم

دور الاسرة البويونية في تاريخ مملكة بيت المقدس الصليبية (492 - 525هـ /1099 - 1131م) The Role Of The Bouillons In The History Of The Crusader Kingdom Of Jerusalem (492 - 525 A.H/1099 - 1131 A.D)

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: By the end of the fifth century of the Islamic calendar, the 11th century of the Georgian calendar, the Islamic world had witnessed a major turning point over the crusader invasion of the center of the Islamic world. The campaign succeeded in establishment of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem in 429 Higri/ 1099 AD; Godfrey of Bouillon had led the crusaders, and the Bouillons had the big contribution to the success of the first crusade since its launch (489 - 492 Higri/ 1096 - 1099 AD), until the crusaders took over Jerusalem in 492 Higri/1099 AD. The Bouillons endured the burden of defending crusade interests and fixing pillars of the crusade existences in Levant for two centuries.The dissertation has been divided into introduction, five chapters, conclusion, the references list and annexes.The first chapter addressed the situations of Europe and Islamic world in late of the fifth century of the Islamic calendar, the 11th century of the Georgian calendar. The second chapter addressed the role of the Bouillons in the First Crusade. As for third chapter, it addressed the relationship of Crusader Kingdom with Fatimid State, Seljuks, and The Byzantine Empire. And the fourth chapter addressed the political, administrative, religious and military systems. As for the fifth chapter, it addressed the social and economic life in the Crusader Kingdom.Godfrey's ruling lasted for one year only (492 - 493 Higri/ 1099 - 1100 AD), therefore, we cannot evaluate his era nor understand his strategy. However, Godfrey's effective role to the success of the first crusade, was the reason of selecting him as a king of Jerusalem, and crowning him after defeating the Fatimid in Ashkelon battle during the same year.Baldwin I of Jerusalem (493 - 511 Higri/ 110 - 1118 AD) is the first real founder of the Crusader Kingdom. the kingdom was greatly expanded in his era. He took over the cities of Arsuf and Caesarea in (494 Higri/ 1101 AD), Acre in (497 Higri/ 1104 AD), Tripoli (502 Higri/ 1109AD), Beirut (503 Higri/ 1110 AD), and Sidon in (504 Higri/ 1111 AD). His strategy was to link the crusade kingdoms with Western Europe through the Mediterranean Sea, the new king succeeded to reach that end with collaboration from fleets of the Italian cities.Reign of Baldwin II (511 - 525 Higri/ 1118 - 1131 AD) is regarded a continuation of the Baldwin I. The crusaders, during his term, could take over the city of Sour in (518Higri/ 1124AD). Political, administrative, social, religious, and economic laws and regulations began to shape very clearly.Thus, the Crusader Kingdom became a major power in the heart of the Islamic world, and a real risk to the Levant and Egyptian cities.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الاداب
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: ليث شاكر محمود
اسم المؤلف: امير محمد حيدر الطائي

اتحاد جامعة الدول الامريكية 1933 - 1948 : دراسة تاريخية Pan - American Union (3311 - 3391) : A Historical Study

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: The topic of Pan American Union (1311 - 1391) is considered as one of the most important topics in the American history in general and in the history of the United States in particular for its distinguished role in the American Unity. The American regional order appeared as an ambition and as a high example in 1181, but its transformation into an agency that represents all the republics of the western hemisphere began in 1113 when the first international conference was held for the United States in Washington, while the last stage of its development was in 1391 when the charter of the organization of the American States was signed in Bogot?. The thesis is divided into an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter dealt with the development of the idea and the function of Pan American Union until 1311. The second chapter was dedicated for the study of the United States' exploit of Pan American Union for the purpose of dominating the neighborhood. The third chapter traced the development of Pan American Union's attitudes towards the regional and the international developments during second World War (1313 - 1391). The fourth chapter focused on the development of the Union's attitudes and its regional and international attitude after second World War till1391. The study was based on various sources and arrived at some findings that can be briefed as follows : - The establishment of Pan American Union was entirely as a response to the need for facing the aggression threat from outside and search for an alternative for intervention from one side, i.e, United States of America. Although the American joint action in the western hemisphere began late in 13th century with the establishment of a commercial office for information broadcast concerning commercial exchange and customs legislation among Latin America countries conference as a result of holding the first conference in Washington (8,November 1113 - 3,April 1131) had helped the declaration of what is called the "Pan American Union "among the American States at he conclusion of the proceedings of the American conference held in Buenos Aires (18 July - 11 August 1311). - With the inauguration of Franklin Roosevelt as president of the United States of America in 1311 and announcing that he would follow a good neighbor policy and non - interference in other countries, affairs in the western hemisphere, the road was open for the transformation of a unilateral commitment of the United States of America intoa joint commitment of the United States as a whole, especially with the approach of second World War. - In July 1391, the council of ministers of foreign affairs of American States decided in a meeting in Havana considering an aggression directed from any non - American state against any American states as an aggression against all the American states. - The Pan American Union, for another time, in its conference held in Mexico in 1391 emphasized on the principle of collective security. - In 1391, the United States put their obligation of mutual assistance and consultation in case of aggression in a cultural framework under Rio treaty of mutual assistance. - The organization of American States was founded in 1391in the 3th conference in Bogot? and its exercise was affected by this framework in which it found the principles and the objectives of the organization American States
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الاداب
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: حسن علي سبتي الفتلاوي
اسم المؤلف: خالد عبد نمال حوران

المسالة البلغارية في الدولة العثمانية 1878 - 1914 Bulgarian Issue In The Ottoman Empire 1878 - 1914

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: The issue of the fate of the Ottoman State and its properties, which is known in the political history as the Eastern Issue, occupies an outstanding place in the European diplomacy during the Eighteenth and the Nineteenth centuries. In short, the Eastern Issue includes all the problems associated with the domestic fall of the Ottoman State, the revolutions of the peoples ruled by the Ottomans, and finally the tangled and conflicting interests of the European Countries in the Ottoman Empire. These countries also interfere in the process of the Ottoman fall. This study aims at analyzing the events that took place in Balkan Peninsula, following the results of the Russian - Ottoman War during the years 1877 - 1878. That war gave rise to the birth of the Bulgaria Principality; and then the resolutions of Berlin Conference, held in the last year, enhanced the existence of this Principality which gained its full independence from the Ottoman State in 1908. Having known the international circumstances involving this issue is not easy, especially that concerning Bulgaria, for most of the historical sources which dealt with the issues of the Balkan Peninsula or the Eastern Issue introduced a general view about what had happened to all the Balkan Countries. These sources do not profoundly study the issue of Bulgaria; and this why the researcher has done her best to come out with a comprehensive study for this issue depending upon genuine recent sources including correspondences, presenting attitudes and suggestions.Scope of the study and analysis of sources This study is divided into an introduction, five chapters, a conclusion, a set of selected appendixes, and a list of sources and references. Chapter One : It is a summarized introductory chapter intended to be as an introduction defining Bulgaria in particular to enable the reader to have a general idea about the historical and social components that help understanding the national awareness and the religious influences on it, and then the development of the political events.This chapter also studies the historical extension of the relations of the Ottoman State with Bulgaria right from the beginning in 1393 till 1878, when the Bulgarian Principality was used after the Russian - Ottoman War (1877 - 1878). Chapter Two : This chapter handles the development of the events in the Balkan Peninsula in the years preceded Berlin Conference 1878 - 1878. Though the period was more than four years, it was full of new events. During that period, several revolutions broke out in the Balkan Countries such as Bosnia and Herzegovina Revolution 1875 - 1878, the Bulgarian Independence Revolution 1876 - 1878, the Serbia and Montenegro Revolution 1876 - 1878. In addition, the independence of Greece and Romania took place in 1877 - 1878. Therefore, this historical change is worthy of studying as it has got an effect on the following Bulgarian events. Chapter Three : It deals with the Eastern Issue and Berlin Conference in 1878; it also includes the five topics handling the Major Eastern Issue, the outbreak of the Russian - Ottoman War in 1877, holding of San Stefano and Berlin Treaties, and the important results brought forth. As the five topics form the starting point for the Bulgarian issue and its causes, this chapter is made up of more researching pages than the other chapters that the researcher is unable to avoid them. Chapter Four : It studies the attitude of the Ottoman State towards the developments of the Bulgarian issue from 1879 to 1908. When the Ottoman coup d'état occurred, a period of Russian endeavor, especially in the years 1879 - 1880 to complete the mission of building the Bulgarian Principality such the issuing of the institution and the election of the prince. However, the events in Bulgaria had an effect on the problem of the increase of the general Ottoman debt to the European Banks, especially in the years 1881 - 1884. The problem of this irremediable debt was one of the reasons that exhausted the overburdening of the Ottoman State; and what made things even worse was that during the following years 1885 - 1888 the Serbian - Bulgarian War broke out. The result of that war led to join Eastern Romello to Bulgaria. The progress of the circumstances in the Balkan countries had an effect on the Bulgarian issue, the most important of which were the Greek - Ottoman War 1896 - 1897, and the role of the European countries which were not neutral in their attitudes. The European countries had their own avarice as well as their religious bias accompanying the events supported by the popular support. Chapter Five : This chapter is the conclusion in which the researcher states the interior political changes in the Ottoman Empire and in the Balkan Peninsula during the years 1908 - 1914. During that period, there were important Ottoman and European attitudes towards the issue of the Bulgarian independence in 1908. It was an important year which witnessed great changes in the Ottoman State along the subsequent years, as mentioned above. Also, there were important events during the subsequent years such as the Bulgarian attitudes towards the Macedonian issue 1908 - 1912, and then Bulgaria signed a treaty with Serbia in the last year, as well as the former's attitude towards the war which broke out in the Balkan countries during 1912 - 1913. Finally, the researcher stated the treaty of Bucharest and the Ottoman fluctuating attitude towards Bulgaria 1913 - 1914. The Ottomans did not have any clear attitude for various reasons despite the general circumstances surrounding them.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: حميد احمد حمدان التميمي
اسم المؤلف: ساهرة حسين محمود الصامري

تطور منهج الكتابة التاريخية حتى القرن الثامن الهجري : كتب التاريخ العام انموذجا The Evolution Of Muslim'S Historical Curriculum Until The Eighth Century Of The Hegira / The Fourteenth CE (Books Of General History ) Sample

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: This study discusses the latest developments adopted by muslims in the field of general history. Starting with the development of the historical curriculum historic ok the beginnings of books forewords the evolution of the curriculum embedded in these books themselves. The group was selected from the history books that have reached us in full forms , Excluding those that lack substance. Because that the purpose of the study identify the origins of the evolution in the methodology of historical writing , So put a plan aimed at addressing this purpose, The study is divided to four classes. Chapter one follows the methodological development of the preludes of general historical books , And is divided to two sections. The second chapter begins the study of the contents of the general history books , The theme of this chapter the time distribution of historical material and divided in to two sections. The first section specialized is concerned studyn (size classification for historical eras). The second section comes on what type of historical material in various times. Chapter three deals with Methods of historians ; is the divided to three detectives. The first addresses the historical curricula in narratives , the second approaches to the attribution and sources , and the third focuses on critical curriculum. Chapter four considers the factors affecting trends in historical writing. through four detectives ; The first Searches the political factor , the second focuses on regional and national factor, the third discusses religious motivation, and the fourth on cognitive motive
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: جاسم ياسيـن محمد الدرويش
اسم المؤلف: نضال محمد قمبر

العلاقات الدومنيكانية - الاميركية 1968 - 1900 The Dominicans - American Relationships 1900 - 1968

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: Dominican Republic had a cardinal importance in the Caribbean area because of its strategic location. Since the nineteenth century, and after the (Monroe) declaration, the United States of America became a strong competent to the European powers in the Caribbean area in specific, and the western hemisphere in general.After the World War I, accompanied with the complicated international relations, the Dominican Republic was still the main focus of the USA, not because of the Dominican economics, but because of the USA anxiety that a certain European power might become itsneighbor, in more than two thousand kilometers away from USA. However, due to the dramatic changes, after World War II, and the apparition of new international powers like the Soviet Union, in addition to the communist ideology and its quest for spreading socialist principles all over the world, the competition turned into an international struggle between the two camps : the Eastern led by the USA, that competition had come be called (The Cold War).Henceforth, the Dominicans Republic a gained more American interest. The Americans feared that the Dominicans become a new (Cuba). For that fear, the USA invaded the Dominicans twice, the first was in 1916, while the second in 1965. The goals of the two invasions are not entirely different - the goal of the first invasion was to the Soviet power.The reason behind the researcher's choice of the American - Dominicans relation (1900 - 1968) is because of the assumption that the historical relationships have not been investigated in the Arab Homeland, in general, and Iraq in specific. The researches have beeninterested mostly countries like Cuba, Panama, Guatemala, and other Latin countries, as well.The dissertation consists of three chapters and a conclusion. Chapter one deals with a historical and geographical introduction to the Dominican Republic. There are hints to early relationships between the Dominicans and the United States. Moreover, the Chapter has demonstrated the serious developments encountered by the Dominican while founding the liberal independent and safe state. Chapter two has studied the beginning of the formal relationships between the two states since 1900, up to the deterioration of the relationships. Such deterioration led to the USA invasion to the Dominican Republic in 1916. It was flowed by the rise of (Trujillo)Republic and the relations with that dictator for three decades. Chapter Three has been devoted to the international developments after the Second World War, the Cold War and the influence of such developments on the relations between the two states. The relations witnessed a sort of retreat because of Trujillo's policies, interior and external, and the scheme for his assassinate Chapter also tackles the serious developments after Trujillo, which led to the second USA invasion in 1965, and the USA retreat from Dominican Republic. The study is rounded up with conclusion deduced from the research with has sources to various documents and foreign sources.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: طيبة خلف عبد الله
اسم المؤلف: لطفي جميل محمد

سياسة الولايات المتحدة الاميركية تجاه تشيكوسلوفاكيا 1941 - 1948

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: This Study dealt with the subject "The policy of the United States of America towards Czechoslovakia 1941 - 1948 ". Although Czechoslovakia had gotten the independence in 1918, but it was contained many nationalities. It had taken its lands from German to new state.It made German trying the revenge to itself indeed Czechoslovakia became the victim became the German occupied it 1939. Although the United States of America made the political isolation between the two world wars but the policy was changed for many reasons and was resulted through many situations imposed on political United State direction to take the positions of number of crises that the world is witnessed and determined the European continent , as it had taken the position of some of the issues by adopting global peace process. The subject of the policy of the United State of America towards Czechoslovakia considered as historical issue about people that they situated under the control of German. In addition , the geographical location to Czechoslovakia in center of Europe , it represented the point connection with western Europe , all of these points , it left affects on the political of the United States of America towards Czechoslovakia through American treatment with after the political Czechoslovakia with west and east in order to bridge between them. The Start of the subject 1941 because it involved the entranced United State of America to the word war and the year involved the started resistance in Czechoslovakia in order to American recognize about the government them in outside that it formed in London 1941 after the Soviet recognize and British 1941. The thesis stopped in 1948 because it was the year involved the control of the communisms on the order in Czechoslovakia , which on its impact Czechoslovakia joined the socialist bloc and become part of the communist camp. The formwork of the dissertation consisted of introduction , four chapters , conclusion and indexes. The chapter one concentrated on " The political of the United States of America towards Czechoslovakia 1918 - 1941 ". Chapter Two explained the situation of United States of America towards the republic of Czechoslovakia 1918 - 1920 , in addition to attentions between two countries and the political of United States of America towards Czechoslovakia during the development of the country during between two wars , that period was characterized by frequent civil war and international crises resulting from the expansionist ambitions espoused by the German leader Hitler about that continent , the Czechoslovakia crisis of the most prominent of these crises , also attitude on the United States of America position on the German occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1939 , and the outbreak of the second world war and its impact on United States of America policy toward Czechoslovakia. The chapter two involved " The entrance of United States of America the war and the effect of the political towards Czechoslovakia 1941 - 1944 " In 1941, the policy of United States of America entered to new level represented the effects ( Eduared Benes ) the president of the government Czechoslovakia in the exile for sake the recognition from United States in addition the highlight upon the America situation towards agreement Soviet - Czechoslovakia 1943 , It was addressed to Czechoslovakia proposal for the signing of an international treaty , including the nature of the international situation , and the statement of the position of the Slovak uprising in year 1944. Chapter three involved " The political American towards Czechoslovakia year 1945 ". This chapter explained the United States of America and the situation in Czechoslovakia , also The political American towards Czechoslovakia in light of trends Soviet , it was the highlight of the American interest in the process of transfer of the Sudeten German from Czechoslovakia. Chapter four was addressed the political of United States of America towards the inner developments in Czechoslovakia 1946 - 1948. This chapter studied important developments of inner political and foreign to Czechoslovakia and it concentrated upon the attitude of United States of America towards those the developments particularly after elections year 1946. In addition to studied the project Marshal 1947 and political crisis that happened in Czechoslovakia year 1947 and attitude of United States of America , and attempted to stand the communists and prevent them from control of the government , as well as attitude the United States of America on the communist coup in 1948. The conclusion explained the important results that it arrived the research about the political of United States of America revealed towards Czechoslovakia that it showed the strong political from United States of America before second world war which it affected on the all events in Europe , especially after the British inability from the deterrence of German expansion. The United States of America delayed the recognition of the Czechoslovakia government even entered world war II is undoubtedly a clear indication that he was not specific to the United State of America policy towards Czechoslovakia. But that became apparent after the second world war the United States of America began landmarks determine the orientation towards the strengthening and expansion of political , security and economic alliances that bind the United States of America with the other parties , in allowing it to maintain its influence on the superior, and the inclusion of any global role or European secluded about the American role in the future
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: عماد مكلف عسل البدران
اسم المؤلف: حنان عباس خير الله السعيدي

شخصية الرسول محمد (صلى الله عليه واله وسلم) في القران الكريم : دراسة تاريخية

المصادر:
الملخص:
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم التاريخ
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: هشام جخيور ميري الربيعي
اسم المؤلف: ثائر هادي رسن العقيلي

فلسفة الاختيار عند الانبياء عليهم السلام Philosophy Of Choice Of Profits ( Peace Upon Them)

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: This subject is taking care in the study of Philosophy or causes "The Philosophy of choice at the prophets "peace upon them ". The study is not for all choices at the prophets but only interested in part of these choices specifically the special choices. the sudden choices that effects and echoes not just in the time when they are occurs and happen but , also, for the future times and places , the choices that have impact and results. Our attention is on the choices at the prophets outside the divine commands of Alah " the God". Thus this thesis came out containing an introduction and for chapters and four chapters and conclusion. The introduction includes the concept of choices and its relation to the selection of the prophets and their preservation. The four chapters are follows : In chapter one include the title of the Philosophy of the qualified personal and their address of time and place. In chapter two include the study of the Philosophy of immense strategic, dimension and persuasive reasoning in time and place of choices. In chapter three include the social Philosophy and moral deterrent. In chapter four include the statement of Philosophy of evidence and in choices ideological and social logic
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: حميد سراج جابر الاسدي
اسم المؤلف: ذكرى عواد ياسر

النبي ادم : دراسة تاريخية في ضوء الايات القرانية The Prophet Adam, Peace Be Upon Him Historical Study In The Light Of The Quranic Verses

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: The study of the lives of the prophets daunting for the researcher because of foot eras, and the lack of information about their age, and what happened in the events as well as the lack of competent older studies archeology about the news received from the prophets, and the dependence on novels news, and to afflict some of the myths and Israeli, and what happened of forgery of some historical facts in the process of some prophets multiple motives, some of the reasons social, ethnic, political or religious, and others..Use the Quran different methods, to get to Maevkr by humans of faith and life issues, was among those methods is the narrative method, which Anmaz being integrated literary style because it is from God. It is the most beautiful of the contents topics Koran wonderful stories that talk about the progress of the prophets and apostles and told God that their stories are the best stories, they are stories right, and not just for fun and enjoy, but it is to achieve scientific and intellectual goals, and educational and advocacy. All this was an incentive to study their stories to make peace in the Holy Qur'an, the choice fell on the story of the Prophet Adam, peace be upon him, it is the story of humanity as a whole, and the study was titled (Prophet Adam, peace be upon him in the Koran). So it was this subject need a scientific study based on the Koran and the correct Sunnah which are consistent with the Qur'an and do not conflict with him, all of my predecessors in writing all aspects did not address as stated in verses stones, was agreed with Dr. supervisor on this topic, take title appropriate for him after extensive discussion, is worth mentioning that some stated in this study is not Koranic verses as they constitute the core of the research sample, relying to some proper conversations approval of the Quran and the mind to analyze and explain the verses.The research plan : Has adopted where the substantive division, Vksmt search into four chapters : First, the conditions of the family, and this chapter has the meaning and derivation of the name of peace, as well as his descendants and Wife, and the story of Cain and Abel friendly mentioned in the Koran, and the issue of nuclear proliferation.II : creation and succession, eat this chapter phases created peace be upon him and the purpose of it and some of the physical attributes, as well as Astkhalafah in the ground, and the nature of the succession, and the position of the angels, including.Third : honor, eating his prophecy peace be upon him, and his knowledge of names and their meanings and content, as well as the angels prostrating to him, and what this prostration and Hakikth.IV : troubled in Paradise, and eat it divine live in paradise and wisdom, and place, and wills and pledges divine Adam, roads followed by the devil to get him out of heaven, as well as a statement of sin and justified, and repentance and their causes and meaning of real.Difficulties : Which I encountered during writing, including : 1 - similarities and redundancy in the Quranic verses, for example, Sura 34 where almost from Surat norms : 11 - 12, and Al - Isra : 61, and the Cave : 50, and content prostrate to Adam, peace be upon him, as well as Al - Baqarah : 35 - like Surat norms : 19, and content of Adam lived in paradise, and other verses that Aasana to mention. 2 - Israeli abounded in the books of interpretation, and different views of the commentators both by his doctrine, and limiting the senior commentators in their interpretation on the meaning of the words, which made us late Nltgi to interpreters to understand the Quranic verses, and infinite views and statement probably. 3 - The lack of Quranic texts to some of the issues which can not be dispensed with in this study, as a matter of creating Eve, Atomic and reproduction, and the language of Adam, and some physical attributes. In spite of this, but we Alsaab and the grace of God first, and the efforts of Dr. supervisor Secondly I managed to overcome them, and if there is a failure in some detective they were not deliberate, this is all we ca
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ القديم
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: علي صالح رسن المحمداوي
اسم المؤلف: حسن ثاجب الركابي

بريطانيا وايرلندا الحرة : دراسة في العلاقات السياسية 1939 - 1945 Britain And Free Ireland A Study In Political Relations 1939 - 1945

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: This dissertation aims at making the Arabs and researchers realize the major aspects of the British - Irish relations in most dangerous period, the Second World War. This study follows up the reasons behind the Irish state refusing of the British demands of the military facilities, especially the using of the Irish ports as well. Moreover, the study discusses the nature of political relations between Britain and Ireland during the Second World War and its effects on war.The study begin in 1939,because it is the year that witnessed the outbreak of the Second World War and at end in 1945 in which Hitler’s defeating in Europe. The study falls into an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. In the first chapter the researcher sheds light on historical background of the British - Irish relations. This chapter focuses on the British occupation of Ireland from early time and the political developments of the relations between Britain and Ireland since the Irish independence up to September 1939.In the second chapter the researcher studies the British - Irish relations from the outbreak of the Second World War up to 1941.The researcher focuses on the Irish attitude towards the military developments of war since early time up to U.S.A. declaration of war against the Aix powers, the British efforts to get the military facilities from Ireland, and follows up the reasons behind the Irish state to refuse the British demands.The chapter three devoted to discuss the international developments and its results on the British - Irish relations from 1942 up to 1943.The researcher focuses on the U.S.A. efforts to improve the British - Irish relations, the Irish reactions on the landing of the American troops on the north Ireland, and the Irish resistance of the Allied demands of the putting up the propaganda and spy of the Aix powers in Ireland. Finally, this chapter deals with the Welch’s visiting to London and its effects on the British - Irish relations. The last chapter devotes to deal with the continuance of the British demands from 1943 up to 1945.The researcher tries to discuss the Irish resistance of the British demands on dismissing of the Aix diplomats from Ireland, the Irish attitude towards the last developments of war, the British demands not to grant asylum to war criminals of the Aix powers, and its demands to hand over the German detainees in Ireland.As for the conclusion, it is as a summary of the most important results that the researcher arrived it
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: فرقد عباس قاسم المياحي
اسم المؤلف: يوسف طه حسين القريشي

الثورة المكسيكية 1910 - 1940 : دراسة تاريخية The Mexican Revolution 1910 - 1940 Historical Study

المصادر:
الملخص:
المستخلص: Did not receive historical and political issues for countries the Americas interest academic studies in Iraq, except for the study of the history of the United States and positions on many issues around the world, to the United States from a broad relationships global position as a major country, so it remained date the Americas states unknown is not addressed to him only through the study of European history since the start of the geographical statements, because of the political weight of Europe in that era, and the strength of the ruling European households able to roots date manufactured in the Americas, and stuck to the lead in writing and drafted in accordance with the historical and the European political perspective. Given the changing political situation in the Americas as a result of the liberation movements of European colonialism, especially after the American War of Independence in 1776, linked the peoples of the Americas Association of law, citizenship and belonging and state sovereignty in a new way. This has resulted in all the new events and new variables from which emerged the new date as part independently of European history, and it became necessary to study the history completely independent way from what it was before independence. It is fitting that academic studies trending in Iraq toward areas and historical issues that has not received sufficient attention commensurate historical value new perspective, emphasizes the study of circumstances and experiences of these countries and the size of the similarity between them and the Arab states in the tragedy of division and retail inherited Arab and American countries of European colonization, including where Iraq. Before that democracy achieved in many American states, had to pass through several stages of the struggle, succeeded in some of them, and failed in others, but the struggle for democracy has never abated, it has witnessed the Americas in the early twentieth century revolutions several In order to achieve democracy was the most important subject of the study of the Mexican Revolution. The importance of this revolution back to several reasons, not necessarily called for the study was the most important. Historical extension of the revolution, because the revolution was the outcome of political and social developments and serious economic passed out of Mexico since the Spanish occupation in 1519 have until the fall of dictatorship under Broferrio Diaz in 1910 at the hands of Francisco Madero. That era that changed the moral concepts of the social level, and made Mexico ample vast American intervention at the political level, a cheap commodity and foreign investment in the market at the economic level. The Revolution the lead in advocating the values of socialism worldwide and the first missionary out, as it was the first revolution in the twentieth century has inspired a lot of American States freedom and independence, thus this would be a major historical turning point towards global socialism that has taken root quite the Bolshevik revolution in Russia and its ideology of Marxism in 1917, but the revolution in Mexico has not received as much attention is given to the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia. The reason for this is the different ideological visions between the two revolutions, and the export of socialist principles mechanism for other countries, Russia has worked on the export of the socialist doctrine of the world, and Mexico provided only in the framework of American States. The length of time it took the Revolution, which lasted forty years, in which he expressed a continuing insistence of the Mexican people to aspire to freedom and to the establishment of a civil state based on democratic institutions. Mexico also saw a succession in which many governments because of the large number of political conflicts and growing competition in the access to the top of the pyramid of government in the state, as well as changes in the political arena of uprisings and rebellions and counter - revolutions. Permanent political conflict between Mexico and the United States because of the border overlap between the two countries, and the continuation of hatred between the two peoples, because remnants of the Mexican - American War 1846 - 1848, which manifested itself what is known as (b waiver Mexican) all from Texas, Florida and Chrinland to the United States, as well as US concerns Mexico from being sucked toward the socialist bloc led by the Soviet Union in the framework of the World Socialist capitalist race. The class struggle, who grew up under the dictatorship of Diaz, whose impact on the overall social relations in Mexico, which split the Mexican community and the jurisprudence of the two categories of workers, farmers, and gave rise to a lot of uprisings and revolts and strikes led to the result of dismembering the society which form difficult to contain conflicting attitudes in under the Mexican Revolution. So a lot of those so - revolution social revolution. Revolution split into two phases, the first armed struggle involved and spread within the period 1910 - 1920, the second is the stage of the reconstruction of Mexico from 1920 to 1940. And the size of the political challenges faced in the context of those eras. The aim of the study is to show the importance of this revolution, and the analysis of the roles that passed out politically, socially and economically, which crossed the whole for (unanimously for the birth of Mexico current), as well as the desire that this study be suitable to understand a lot of problems that are related to American history away ground import perceptions of Western literature and studies. Besides contributing to fill the vacuum in the Iraqi libraries studying this historic area. Was chosen in 1910, the beginning of the subject, because it is the year that was sparked by the revolution at the hands of Francisco Madero, and fell by the Government Breviro Diaz after thirty - four years of dictatorial rule passage, and your search is over in 1940 after the end of Cardenas rule which put an end to the end of the revolution, so Btamima Mexican oil and apply it the Law of Agrarian Reform and lay Constitution, which was founded on the jurisprudence of the modern Republic of Mexico and the handover of the National Revolutionary Party, which lasted for the next sixty years
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
اسم المشرف: ابراهيم فنجان صدام الامارة
اسم المؤلف: عقيل جعيز شمخي السهلاني
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