اسم المؤلف:
سجلاء فائق هاشم البغدادي
اسم المشرف:
ضحى عادل محمود العاني
المستخلص:
لكي يصل الطفل للانجاز الحركي المنظم لاسيما المهارات الحركية الدقيقة لابد ان ينضج لديه احساسه بفعالية جسمه، ولكي يبلغ هذا النضج لابد من توافر بيئة حركية مناسبة في سن الخامسة او السادسة، اما في حالة عدم توافر متطلبات البيئة الحركية المناسبة جميعها فانه يحتا | The child sense of his body effectiveness should mature in order to reach the dynamic regulated achievement concerning accurate dynamic skills and to reach this maturity there must be suitable dynamic environment at the age of five or six in the case of non - availability of all requirements of the appropriate dynamic environment he needs for a longer period to achieve this kind of maturity, and also it requires giving the child an opportunity to train and exercise in the exercise of accurate dynamic skills and repeat them continuously in order to achieve the distinction and thus increasing his dependence on himself and his self - confidence. The importance of this research is at the importance of early childhood stage in developing all the aspects of growth of the child, the importance of the accurate dynamic activities is in developing of accurate muscles due to the need of the child to these muscles in everything related to the process of regulated learning and all that related to setup and vocational training, such as drawing, writing and types of crafts and sign language and gesture and using simple things and complex types of them. The accurate dynamic skills, are that which enable the child to hold the phone, open the doors, and windows and the use of all keys and do manual work and the use of musical instruments and the daily works, such as wiping, cleaning, washing and possibly ironing and cutting and classification of fruits and vegetables and most important of these skills are preparing him to write in school - age and beyond.It has set the goal of current research to identify : 1. Accurate dynamic skills of children in kindergartens. This goal is achieved through the following assumption : - There is no statistically significant difference between the average scores of children to test and fine motor skills medium premise.2. The impact of the training program in developing accurate dynamic skills, this goal achieves through test the validity of the following assumptions : 1. There are no statistically significant differences between the experimental group ranks degrees in accurate dynamic skills between pre and post tests.2. There are no statistically significant differences between the regulator group ranks degrees in accurate dynamic skills between pre and post tests. 3. There are no statistically significant differences between ranks of the experimental and regulator groups in accurate dynamic skills after the application of the training program in the post test.4. There are no statistically significant differences between the experimental group ranks degrees in accurate dynamic skills between the post first and second post (delayed). The sample of the research included (32) boys and girls who are at age (5 - 6) years (preliminary stage) in Al - Jumhorya kindergarten in Al Rusafa Al oula Education Directorate / Baghdad. The children sample were distributed to the experimental group and regulator group equally. The experimental group included (16) boys and girls, (8) males and (8) females, as well as the regulator group (16) boys and girls, (8) males and (8) females. The researcher equalized between the experimental and regulator groups in the variables (pre - test, age, father academic achievement, mother academic achievement, father’s job, a variable of mother’s job, birth arrangement of the child). In order to achieve the goals of research, the researcher created a test of accurate dynamic skills of kindergartens’ children consists of four basic skills (manual - manual synergy, circular movement of the hand and wrist, and grapping of the two forefingers and thumb, and visual - manual synergy) and there are sub - skills and secondary skills , the total of those skills (52 ) skill in its final form, and the researcher has created a training program for the developing of accurate dynamic skills in children consists of (27) Activity. The researcher used the experimental design with the two groups, regulator group and experimental group with pretest and posttest. The test and the program have displayed on a group of arbitrators of experts and specialists in educational and psychological sciences, measurement and evaluation, kindergartens, they were (24) experts to show the extent of validity of the paragraphs of this test, the researcher extracted virtual honesty of the test and the program, and she extracted the consistency in Kioder Richardson method - 20 which is (98%), to test the accurate dynamic skills. In light of the goals of current research and after the application of the test on the sample individuals and the application of the program and analyze their responses statistically using (T - test) for two independent samples and Pearson correlation coefficient and chi square test (chi - square) and Kolmujrov - Smirnov and Mann test - Whitney (Mann Whitney) to medium - sized sample and Wilcoxon test of two correlated samples, the research found the following results : - 1. The kindergarten children suffering from weakness in accurate dynamic skills.2. The children in the experimental group in the post - test comparing to pre test after applying the training program based on the feedback, surpassed on the whole test, and on the four areas of the test.2. There do not appear function differences among children of regulator group between pre and post tests after the applying of the training program based on the feedback, on the whole test, and on the four areas of the test. 3. The children surpassed in the experimental group on the children of the regulator group after the applying of the training program based on feedback in the post test entirely, and in the four areas.4. The activities that prepared in the training program and interaction of the children with them had a positive impact in the development of accurate dynamic skills to the experimental group.5. The children in the experimental group did not show clear differences between the post - test and post delayed, on the entirely test, on the four areas of the test. In light of these results the researcher found a number of important recommendations : - 1. The need to adopt a training program in all kindergartens because the kindergartens stage is an important stage to build the personality of the children in the future and for developing of accurate dynamic skills of kindergartens’ children, in this stage many changes occur (biological, psychological and social).2. Taking into consideration the two factors, maturity and training that the child needs to acquire accurate and large dynamic skills.3. Early detection of children who suffer from weakness in the accurate dynamic skills by relying on the current training program in the kindergartens.4. Emphasis on the media to increase parents and teachers awareness of the importance of the developing accurate dynamic skills for their children before they enter school.5. Holding seminars and scientific conferences in the Ministry of Education, which seeks to find possible solutions to develop the accurate dynamic skills (accurate and large) of the kindergarten child.6. Inclusion programs of teachers training in education colleges and basic education colleges and Teachers Training Institutes a curriculum of developing the dynamic skills, including the accurate skills to be able to adopt a policy of developing accurate dynamic skills of the children of kindergarten in the future. 7. The need for attention by the relevant authorities (Ministry of Education) and kindergartens departments in this age group of children and the emphasis on kinetic and physical designed programs and implement them within the work methods. 8. Adoption of the sandy playground within the supplies and equipment for the developing of physical and dynamic abilities of the kindergartens’ children after the proof of its effect in improving these capabilities. The supplying of devices, playgrounds and courtyards required by the implementation of the kinetic experiences makes the sandy playground viable alternative especially that it does not require special or complex equipment and tools and can be set up anywhere, in addition to the elements of suspense and movement and ease of implementation and ease in absorption.
