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واقع التلوث بالمركبات الهيدروكابونية في المياة والرواسب وبعض الاحياء المائية في مهر الكحلاء محافظة ميسان / العراق == The Status of Hydrocarbon Compounds Pollution of Water, Sediments and Some Aquatic Biota in Al - Kahlaa River - Missan Province /Iraq

اسم المؤلف: صالح حسن جازع
اسم المشرف: عبد الحسن يوسف العضب | حامج طالب السعد
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study was performed to have knowledge of hydrocarbon compounds pollution status in the water (dissolved and particulate fractions),sediments ,two species of aquatic plants (Ceratophyllum demersum and Paspalum pespaioides) ,two species of fishes(Liza abu and Carassius auratus) and one species of molluscs (Pseudodantopsis euphraticus) .The samples were collected monthly for the period November 2012 to October 2013 from four different stations ) Al - Magideh, Treatment unit, Al - Husaichi and Al - Zubair) distributed along Al - Kahlaa River in Missan province , in addition to Reference station lies on the Tigris River before entering Amara district about 25 Km .The sampling's months were divided into four typical seasons although this is incompatible with Iraq climate.As well as measures of some ecological parameters (water and air temperatures ,pH ,turbidity, electrical conductivity ,dissolved oxygen , biological oxygen demand BOD5 and total suspended solid) which ranged between 22 and 42 C˚ , 18 and 31 C˚ , 6.9 and 7.82 , 42 and 172 NTU , 12 and 118 μS/cm , 4.66 and 9.25 mg/l , 1.46 and 5.04mg/l ,33 and 108 mg/l respectively .In addition to that the Organic Matter(OM) and the texture were measured in the sediment samples. OM values ranged between 0.078 and 0.927% , whereas the percentage of the texture was ( 15 %clay, 71% silt and 14% sand),(31 %clay, 63% silt and 6% sand), (33 %clay, 57% silt and 10% sand) , (40 %clay, 47% silt and 13% sand) and (18 %clay, 55% silt and 27% sand) in Al - Magideh, Treatment unit , Al - Husaichi , Al - Zubair and Reference stations respectively .The concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs)were measured by using spectrofluorometer. Concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons in dissolved fraction ranged between 1.36 μg/l in Reference station and 13.87 μg/l in Treatment unit station during summer and winter respectively ,and in particulate fraction between 2.69 μg/g dry weight in Reference station and 29.92 μg/g dry weight in Treatment unit station during summer and winter respectively ,while in sediments they ranged between 3.16μg/g dry weight in Reference station and 135.18 μg/g dry weight in Treatment unit station during summer and winter respectively. Concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons in C. demersum ranged between 5 μg/g dry weight during winter and 58.97 μg/g dry weight during summer , while in P. pespaioides between 3.18 μg/g dry weight during winter and 43.44 μg/g dry weight during summer. Concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons in L. abu ranged between 4.81 μg/g dry weight during spring and 37.3 μg/g dry weight during summer ,while in C. auratus between 2.51 μg/g dry weight during spring and 29.303 μg/g dry weight during autumn . Concentrations ofbtotal petroleum hydrocarbons in P. euphraticus ranged between 5.98 μg/g dry weight during spring and 119.75 μg/g dry weight during summer .The concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs) and n - alkanes were determined in the laboratories of Nihran Omer (South Oil Company in Basrah province ) ,using Gas Chromatography.Total concentrations of n - alkanes in dissolved fraction ranged between 0.027μg/l in Reference station and 0.192 μg/l in Al - Husiachi station during winter and between 0.016 μg/l in Reference station and 0.039 μg/l in Treatment unit during summer ,and for particulate fraction between 0.108 μg/g dry weight in Reference station and 2.096 μg/g dry weight in Treatment unit station during winter and between 0.101 μg/g dry weight in Reference station and 0.160 μg/g dry weight in Treatment unit station during summer ,while in sediments they ranged between 4.491 μg/g dry weight in Reference station and 51.32 μg/g dry weight Treatment unit station during winter and between 2.31 μg/g dry weight in Reference station and 19.31 μg/g dry weight in Treatment unit station during summer.The range of carbon chain length of n - alkanes in dissolved fraction ranged from C8 to C34 and in particulate fraction from C15 to C34 distributed in two patterns ,the first pattern included compounds between C8 and C25 with the abundance of C19,C21,C23 and C25 odd carbon number of and C18,C20,C22 and C24 for even carbon number ,while the second pattern included compounds with the range from C26 to C35 predominated by C27 and C29 odd carbon number and C26,C28 and C30 even carbon number.In sediments they ranged from C14 to C35 and distributed in two patterns, the first pattern included compounds between C8 and C25 with the abundance of C17,C19 and C21 odd carbon number and C18,C20 and C22 for even carbon number ,while the second pattern included compounds with the range from C24 to C35 with predominance of C31and C33 odd carbon number and from C24 to C34 even carbon number.Total concentrations of n - alkanes in C. demersum ranged between 6.467 μg/g dry weight during spring and 59.483 μg/g dry weight during summer ,whereas in P. pespaioides between 34.7 μg/g dry weight during winter and 166.6 μg/g dry weight during summer .The distribution of n - alkanes compounds in plants chain length ranged from C15 to C35 with bimodal from C15 to C27and from C28 to C35 with predominance of C17 to C25 odd carbon number and C18 to C24 even carbon number in the first one ,whereas in the second the dominance compounds were from C29 toC33 for odd carbon number and from C26 to C32 even carbon number.cTotal concentrations of n - alkanes in muscles of L. abu ranged between 14.60 μg/g dry weight during winter and 73.15 μg/g dry weight during summer and C. auratus between 34.76 μg/g dry weight during winter and 166.61 μg/g dry weight during summer . The distribution of n - alkanes compounds in fish muscles chain length ranged from C16 to C35 with bimodal from C16 to C25 and C26 to C35 with predominance of C17 to C25 and C18 to C24 for the first one ,and from C27 to C33 and from C26 to C34 for the second. These reflected nutrition nature for these kinds of fishes which depend on algae ,phytoplankton ,zooplankton ,diatoms ,insects and crustacean . While in the mollusc (P. euphraticus) ranged between 95.16μg/g dry weight during spring and 220.36 μg/g dry weight during summer. The distribution of n - alkanes compounds in P. euphraticus chain length ranged from C14 to C35 with bimodal from C14 to C27 and from C28 to C35 with predominance of C17 to C21 and from C18 to C24 for the first one ,and from C29 to C33 and from C30 to C34 for the second.The values of Carbon Preference Index (CPI) and pristane to phytane ratio was calculated to know the hydrocarbon compounds source in water ,sediments and biota of Al - Kahlaa River ,since the CPI value ranged between 0.142 and 1.314 in dissolved fraction and between 0.045 and 2.193 in particulate fraction , 0.160 and 1.872 in sediments,1.075 and 8.638 in plants , 0.285 and 1.537 in fishes and between 0.354 and 4.457 in mollusc .Whereas the values of pristane to phytane ranged between not detected and 1.579 in dissolved fraction , not detected and 0.601 in particulate fraction , 0.447 and 3.008 in sediments, not detected and 0.821 in plants , not detected and 2.176 in fishes and between 0.822 and 1.347 in mollusc .These indicate that there are two sources of hydrocarbon compound in water ,sediments and biota ,biogenic from living organisms and anthropogenic from domestic ,industrial and petroleum pollutants except in plants .Total concentrations of PAHs in dissolved fraction varied from 0.739 ng/l in Reference station to1.974 ng/l in Treatment unit during winter ,and from 0.300 ng/l in Reference station to1.125 ng/l in Treatment unit during summer ,and in the particulate fraction they varied from 0.79 ng/g dry weight in Reference station to 24.42 ng/g dry weight in Treatment unit during winter ,and from 4.369 ng/g dry weight in Reference station to10.545 ng/g dry weight in Al - Husaich during summer ,while in sediments they varied from 4.906 ng/g dry weight in Reference station to 35.479 ng/g dry weight in Treatment unit during winter ,and from 2.391 ng/g dry weight in Reference station to 25.886 ng/g dry weight in Treatment unit during summer.It had been noticed that there were a predominance of high molecular weight PAHs on low molecular weight PAHs ,while Benzo(a)dAnthracene/(Benzo(a)Anthracene+ Chrysene) BaA/(BaA+Chr) ratio ranged from 0.218 to 0.804 in water and 0.520 to 0.66 in sediments. The Indeno (1,2,3 - cd)pyrene /(Indeno (1,2,3 - cd)pyrene + Benzo(ghi)perylene) InP/(InP+BghiP) ratio ranged between not detected and 0.578 in water and between not detected and 0.681 in sediments .The Fluoranthene/ Pyrene (Fl/Py)ratio ranged between 0.150 and 2.47 in water and between 0.10 and 8.490 in sediments ,this give an indication of the source of PAHs compounds in water and sediments which were mainly pyrogenic and few from them petrogenic .Total concentrations of PAHs in C. demersum ranged between 24.124 ng/g dry weight during winter and 87.289 ng/g dry weight during summer ,whereas in P. pespaioides between 1.616 ng/g dry weight durig winter and 16.661 ng/g dry weight during summer .The Lower Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Higher Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ratio ranged between 0.006 and 0.009 in C. demersum and between 0.008 and 0.103 in P. pespaioides. TheBaA/(BaA+Chr)ratio ranged from 0.995 to 0.997 in C. demersum and 0.756 to 0.995 in P. pespaioides. The InP/(InP+BghiP) ratio ranged between 0.342 and 0.807 in C. demersum and between 0.19 and 0.645 in P. paspaloides . The Fl/Py ratio ranged between 0.096 and 0.988 in C. demersum and between 0.018 and 5.018 in P. pespaioides. These indicate that the sources of PAHs in these plants were both pyrogenic and petrogenic .Total concentrations of PAHs in muscles of L. abu ranged between 2.301 and 16.661 ng/g dry weight during winter and summer respectively and in C. auratus between 1.095 and 8.675 ng/g dry weight during winter and summer respectively ,whereas in mollusc (P. euphraticus) ranged between 1.86 and 6.88 ng/g dry weight during spring and summer respectively. According to ratios of Low Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(LPAHs) to High Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (HPAHs), BaA/(BaA+Chr), InP/(InP+BghiP) and Fl/Py ,they certainly reflected that the PAHs sources in fishes and mollusk are pyrogenic as a main sources and petrogenic as a small part .Also results of this study revealed the presence of seasonal and spatial variations in concentrations of TPHs ,n - alkanes and PAHs in water ,sediments and aquatic biota from Al - Kahlaa River ,the highest concentrations were recorded during winter whereas the lowest during summer ,also the highest values of these compounds were recorded in Treatment unit station in comparison with other stations.

تقييم تلوث الهواء باستعمال دليل نوعية الهواء AQI ودليل التحول APTI لبعض المواقع المختارة في محافظة البصرة == Assessment of air pollution using AQI and APTI indices in selected locations of Basra governorate

اسم المؤلف: شيماء هشام شهاب الدين
اسم المشرف: نايف محسن عزيز
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The current study has been done for period from December to January 2015 including five station in three replicate for each station distributed in Basra Province (Al - Qurna district ,city center - Ashar ,Altenuma, and Zubair as well as region which is called Abu Al Khaseb , it is chosen as a control station for being agricultural area. The samples have been collected monthly for evaluating the parentage of gas pollution concentration (CO2,CO,NOx,SO2 and TSP) . The concentration of gas is measured by using gas analyzer device and the mount of particles in the air is measured by PDR - 1200. And black carbon ( BC) was measured by using Aethalometer . AQI was using for air quality for knowing the quality of surrounding air . Maps are drawn which show the spreading pollutants in Basra Province during the season by using GIS program . it is clear that there was differences concentration rates of pollutant gases in Basra province, the seasonally difference for gases pollutant proved that in Winter recorded high value for gases CO2, CO which reached 258.62 ppm for CO2 and 7.19 ppm for CO while in summer it is register the high value for NOx and SO2 which reached 0.406ppm for NOx and 0.319 for SO2 while TSP recorded difference reach high concentration 323.54 μg/m3 during Spring .While ,there is no difference has been recorded for black carbon in Autumn and Winter where as high concentration reached 25000 ng/m3 .The yearly difference in Al ashar shows that the highest for CO2 and CO during the period of studying followed by Al - Qurna recorded the highest concentration for NOx and SO2 while al - Zubair station recorded the highest concentration for TSP . Abu al Khaseb station recorded the lowest concentration for all gases and TSP because nature of the region which is formed from farms with lack of human activity .according to AQI which is use to measuringBthe air quality which shows the status of air and the degree of pollution , seasonally it is the highest rang for moderate in yellow color in Abu Khaseb station to unhealthy for sensitive groups in orange color in both al Zubair and Altenuma station where as al Qurna station recorded red color for unhealthy and in Al Ashar station they are record very unhealthy in purple color .while AQI for annually difference for the stations of study for unhealthy for sensitive groups in orange color for all stations except Abu Khaseb station , these groups are considered by negative affection human being health .Biochemical analysis has been done for leaves of plants that are spreading in the study area for knowing the effect of pollutants on biochemical indicators .The study included three kinds of plants which are phoenix dactylifera , ziziphus sp. And conocarpus lancifolius . Biochemical analysis test included total chlorophyll , water content, ascorbic acid and pH .the total chlorophyll estimated by using UV - spectrophotometer ,while ascorbic acid was estimated by using gas chromatography . The results shows significant different among leaves for different plants species in different study stations , the Date palm trees phoenix dactylifera recorded the highest concentration for total chlorophyll with the comparison with other plants. The seasonally differences show that lowest concentration of total chlorophyll in Winter reached 2.11 mg/g .The ascorbic acid recorded highest value in Winter reached 1.41 mg/ g and the water content rate of less recorded value in Spring reached %59.26 with no differences are recorded in the rest of the seasons . pH was recorded the highest rang in Winter reached 7.53.Ziziphus sp. recorded the lowest content of total chlorophyll for Winter reached 1.87 mg/ g and ascorbic acid recorded the highest value in Winter 1.31 mg/ g . whereas there was no significant different in water content in all seasons .pH recorded the high rang 6.64 in Winter , there were no significant in the rest of the season .Conocarpus lancifolius recorded the lowest value of total chlorophyll comparison with the other plants .while the lowest value for total chlorophyll recorded 1.42 mg/g in Winter . Ascorbic acid reached the highest concentration 1.31 mg/ g in Winter , while the water content recorded the lowest value in Winter 36 .88 % . While pH recorded 5.80 the lowest value in Winter.According to the biochemical analysis for plants for getting the value APTI for knowing the ability of tolerance of plants for air pollution which reflects the capability of the plants to tolerance of air pollution . The result of the study shows that Phoenix dactylifera recorded the highest value 7.36 in Al ashar station where as there are no significant recorded among the other station . Ziziphus sp. recorded the highest value 6.41 in al - Qurna station followed by al - Ashar station 6.07 whereas the other station did not recorded any significant . It has been noticed that Conocarpus lancifolius shows that lowest value of APTI which reached 3.91 in Al Zubair station and there were significant differences among the other stations.APTI was used for getting the value of Anticipated Pollution Index (API) which estimating biological characteristic and the economic value for plants. The results of API showed that the plants in Basra province Phoenix dactylifera recorded the value 6 and it was in excellent category. Ziziphus sp. recorded as poor plants recorded the value 2 . while Conocarpus lancifolius recorded the value 1 category as very poor plants.it has been noticed from values of APTI and API for phoenix dactylifera makes it typical plants as bioindicator and reducing the pollution .It is concluded for the current study that there are variation quantity and quality for gases and obvious spread for it is concentration of polluted gases and particles in air of the study stations in Basra. It was found that Phoenix dactylifera is a typical plants for using as bioindicator and reducing the air pollution .

تاثير هرمون الثايروكسين على بعض المعايير الوظيفية للدم وبعض الجينات المنظمة لتمايز النسيج العظمي في الفئران المختبريةmusculus L. Mus. == Effect of Thyroxine hormone on some of physiological parameters of blood and some regular genes of bone differentiation in Laboratory Mice Mus musculus L.

اسم المؤلف: سلمى سعيد عباس
اسم المشرف: سامي جبر المالكي | علي عبد اللطيف العلي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الفسلجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة الحالية لمعرفة تاثير هرمون الثايروكسين على تمايز العظم وبعض المعايير الفسلجية والتي شملت المعايير الدموية والهرمونات المحرضة للقند واوزان واطوال الاجنة واوزان المواليد في الفئران المختبرية البيضاء Mus musculus L.,اذ قسمت اناث الفئران المختبرية في الدراسة الحالية على مجموعتين هما : المجموعة الاولى الرئيسية : لدراسة تاثير هرمون الثايروكسين L.Thyroxine hormone على المعايير الدموية للاناث الحوامل وغير الحوامل وعلى تمايز العظم في الاجنة(باستخدام طريقة تحضير المقاطع النسجية الاعتيادية للاجنة والطريقة الجزيئية باستخلاص المادة الوراثية (RNA) من الاجنة وباستخدام تقنية النسخ العكسي RT - PCR والبلمرة الكمية qRT - PCR ومعرفة تاثيره على اوزان المواليد والاجنة, وتالفت من 90 انثى بالغة بعمر(10 - 12)اسبوع وقسمت على مجموعتين ثانوية ,و هي مجموعة السيطرة والتي حقنت حيواناتها بـ 0.1 مل من المحلول الفسيولوجي0.9% ولمدة 10 ايام متتالية.بينما المجموعة المعاملة حقنت حيواناتها بـ0.1 مل من هرمون الثايروكسين وبجرعة مقدارها 0.5 ملغم /كغم/يوم ولمدة 10 ايام يوميا بعدها شرحت 5 اناث من كلا المجموعتين ,و زوجت 40 انثى المتبقية ولكلا المجموعتين مع الاستمرار بالحقن لحين تشريح الاناث واستخراج الاجنة خلال فترات عمرية متباينة (9و10و11و12و13و14و15) يوم.اما المجموعة الثانية الرئيسية خصصت لدراسة تاثير هرمون الثايروكسين على الهرمونات المحرضة للقند وهرمونات الدرقية وانزيم Alkaline phosphatase.وتتالف من 15 انثى وقسمت على ثلاث مجاميع ثانوية تضم كل منها (5) اناث, وهذه المجاميع هي : مجموعة السيطرة وحقنت بـ0.1 مل من المحلول الفسيولوجي 0.9%.ومجموعة المعاملة الاولى وحقنت بـ0.1 مل من محلول هرمون الثايروكسين وبجرعة 0.5 ملغ/كغم/يوميا ولمدة 15 يوم للاناث العذارى قبل التزاوج.ومجموعة المعاملة الثانية حقنت بـ0.1 مل من محلول هرمون الثايروكسين وبجرعة 0.5 ملغ/كغم/يوميا ولمدة 30 يوم . اظهرت نتائج الدراسة الحالية ان المعايير الدموية قد تباينت قيمها خلال الفترات الزمنية وللمجموعات ضمن المدى الطبيعي عدا في حالات قليلة ,اذ وجد هناك انخفاض معنوي في اعداد خلايا الدم البيض والخلايا الحبيبية والخلايا الوحيدة والخلايا اللمفية والنسب المئوية للخلايا الحبيبية والوحيدة واللمفية واعداد كريات الدم الحمر,وكذلك قيم مستوى كمية الهيموكلوبينHb والنسب المئوية لحجم الدم المضغوط PCV(HCT)% ومعدل كمية الهيموكلوبين MCHومعدل تركيز الهيموكلوبينMCHC ومعدل حجم كريات الدم الحمرMCV والصفيحات الدموية PLT في فترات متباينة من الحمل للمجموعة المعاملة مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة. وبينت النتائج وجود زيادة معنوية في خلايا الدم البيض والخلايا الحبيبية والخلايا الوحيدة والخلايا اللمفية والنسب المئوية للخلايا الحبيبية والوحيدة واللمفية, ومعدل تركيز الهيموكلوبينMCHC والنسبة المئوية لحجم الدم المضغوط %HCT ومعدل حجم كريات الدم الحمر MCVو الصفيحات الدميةPLT في مدد متباينة من الحمل للمجموعة المعاملة مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة. وسجلت نتائج الدراسة الحالية حصول ارتفاع معنوي في قيم هرموني T4,T3في الحيوانات المعاملة مع انخفاض معنوي في تركيز هرمون TSHفي الاناث المعاملة مقارنة مع السيطرة,و اوضحت النتائج ايضا انخفاضا معنويا في مستوى الهرمون اللوتيني LH وهرمون الحليب وللمجموعتين(15و30) يوم وزيادة معنوية في الهرمون المحفز للجريبات FSHللمجموعة الثانية(30 يوما) ,مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة, ولايوجد تاثير معنوي لهرمون الثايروكسين على هرمون الشحمون الخصوي ولنفس الفترتين مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة, وحصلت زيادة معنوية في مستوى انزيم الفوسفاتيز القاعدي بعد 30 يوما من الحقن بهرمون الثايروكسين مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة ,وحصول انخفاض في اوزان الاجنة بعمر 15يوما والمواليد للاناث المعاملة مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة , وبينت الدراسة زيادة معنوية في اطوال الاجنة المعاملة بعمر 9 و10و11و15يوما مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة. اما الدراسة النسجية فقد بينت ان الهيكل العظمي في الاجنة بعمر 9و10و11 يوما عبارة عن بداءات اعضاء تتكون من نسيج ميزنكيمي,ولم تسجل الدراسة النسجية وجود فرق بين مجموعة السيطرة والمعاملة في تمايز العظم .وظهرت بداية التعظم الغشائي والغضروفي في الاجنة بعمر12يوما ,اذ لوحظ بداية تمايز الخلايا الميزنكيمية الى ارومات عظمية,مع وجود القليل من المادة البينية الشبيهة بالعظم بين الارومات العظمية في منطقة الفك السفلي قرب غضروف ميكل ,والفك العلوي والعظم الحنكي واللامي وغضاريف الاضلاع ,اما في الاجنة بعمر13 و14و15يوما فقد ازدادت عمليات تمايز العظم بنوعية ,فاضافة الى النمو الذي حصل في العظام السابقة في تكوينها فقد ظهرت عظام جديدة في مناطق اخرى من هيكل الجنين تمثلت بعظام الصفيحة القاعدية والفخذ وحزام الكتف وحزام الحوض والاضلاع ,اما النتائج الجزيئية الخاصة بتمايز النسيج العظمي في اجنة الفئران المختبرية فقد اشارت الى التعبير الجيني لبعض جينات النسيج العظمي وتشمل Runx2وOSX وOsteo(OSC) وSialo(BSP) والتي بلغت ذروتها في مرحلة (13) يوم. ان لهرمون الثايروكسين تاثير على التعبير الجيني لبعض الجينات التي ترتبط مع التمايز النسجي للعظم اذ يؤدي هذا الى التغير في التعبير الجيني زيادة احيانا وانخفاضا خلال المدد العمرية المختلفة للاجنة .نستنتج من الدراسة الحالية ان زيادة مستوى هرمون الثايروكسين يسبب اضطراب في المعايير الدموية والتعبير الجيني لجينات العظم وانخفاض مستوى الهرمونات المحرضة للقند (LH وProlactin) وزيادة مستوى الهرمون المحفز للجريبات, وتعد هذه الدراسة الاولى على مستوى جامعة البصرة | the present study was performed to know the effect of thyroxine hormone on differentiation of bone tissue and some of physiological parameters, which included blood parameters and Gonadotropine hormones and Weights and Lengths and birth weight of mus musculus L.the females are divided into two groups ;the main first group which included 90 adult females (10 - 12)week, that subjected to study effect of thyroxine hormone on blood parameters of pregnant , nonpregnant females ,and bone differentiation of embryos (by using tissue sections method and molecular technique by RT PCR , and qRT PCR), and also known it is effect on weight of fetus and newborns; this group was also subdivided into two secondary subgroup : - control group ; was injected with 0.1 ml of normal saline (0.9%) for 10 consecutive days ,and treated group; was injected with 0.1 ml of thyroxine hormone (0.5mg/kg/day) for 10 consecutive days ,after that, 5 females from both groups were anatomized,while 40 females were mated of the both groups with continuous of injection until the females were subjected to anatomical practices and then the the embryo were taken during varied peroids (9,10,11,12,13,14,15) day. The main second group which included 15 females ,was selected to study the effect of thyroxine hormone on ;sexual hormone ,thyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase . this group was divided into another 3 subgroups,one regarded as control group which ; was injected with 0.1 ml of normal saline (0.9%) for 15 consecutive days.and second the first treated group (T1) ; was injected with 0.1 ml of thyroxine hormone (0.5mg/kg/day) for 15 consecutive days ,and without mating of the females,and the second treated group ; (T2);was injected with 0.1 ml of thyroxine hormone (0.5mg/kg/day) for 30 consecutive days and also without mating of the females. Results of the present study were shown that the blood parameters were varied in value between periods and groups (decreasing and increasing among normal value ) with exception in few cases , significant decrease of W.B.C , the granular cells ,monocytes, lymphocytes ,lymphocytes percentage ,granulocytes percentage and monocytes percentage during different periods of pregnancy in the treated animals compared with control , and was decreased RBC ,Hb ,HCT percentage ,MCH ,MHCH ,MCV, and PLT in varied periods , and we noticed a significant increase in WBC ,granular cells ,monocytes ,lymphocytes , granulocytes percentage , monocytes percentage , MCHC ,HCT percentage,MCV, and PLT in varied periods of pregnancy in the treated animals compared with control. Our study was exhibited significant increase in levels of T3 and T4 hormones of the treated animals compared with control, with significant decrease in TSH of treated animals , also significant decrease in LH and prolactin H and for groups(15 and 30 days) ,and significant increasing in FSH of second group (30 day) ,when compared with the control , and there was no effect of thyroxine on TEST H level and for 2 periods(15 and 30) , significant increasing in alkaline pho after 30 days from injection with TH H , decreased of body weight of embryos (15 days) and newborns of the treated females ,the current study showed significant increase of lengths of treated embryos (9,10,11,15 days). The histological study was explained the skeletal tissue ossification of embryos during (9,10,11)day post gestation was primitive organs of mesenchymal tissue and The histological study was not show asignificant differences of bone differentiation between treated and control groups,and intramemberaneous ossification was appeared of embryos at 12 days ,in this stage the begining of differentiation of mesenchyme cells was appeared into osteoblast , with a little of matrix like bone between osteoblasts in Mandible near the meckle cartilage , Maxilla, Palatine,and Hyoid, and endochondral ossification as in Ribs, where in embryos (13,14,and 15) The bone differentiation processes were increased of bone (the intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification),in addition to the growth of previously formed bones,also new bones were appeared in different areas in embryo skeleton like Basal plate,femur,Scapula girdle , pelvis girdle and the Ribs . In other hand, the molecular results of bone differentiation in embryo ,were exhibited peak of expression of some of the genes of bone tissue (Runx2 ,OSX, Osteo(OSC) ,and Sialo(BSP) ) at 13 days of embryo age, also the thyroxine hormone was effected in expression of some the bone genes that included disturbanceas like increasing of expression during peroids and decreasing in other peroids of embryos life. We concluded from the present study that the increase of thyroxine hormone level caused disturbances of blood parameters and gene expression of the bone genes & decreasing of the level of LH & prolactin hormones and increase the level of FSH. This is the first study on the Basrah University

دراسة مقارنة لتاثير هرمون النمو في عضلات وCyprinus مناسل سمكتي الكارب الاعتيادي والبلطي احمر البطن carpio (L. 1758) Tilapia zillii (Gervais, 1848 == A Comparative Study to the Effect of Growth Hormone on Muscles and Gonads of Carp Cyprinus carpio (L. 1758) and Tilapia Tilapia zillii (Gervais, 1848)

اسم المؤلف: سعد محمد صالح عبد الصمد
اسم المشرف: عقيل جميل منصور | عبد الكريم طاهر يسر
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحياة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: In the present study, the effect of human growth hormone on the muscles and gonads of common carp Cyprinus carpio (L. 1758) and red belly tilapia Tilapia zillii (Gervais, 1848) was studied by : - 1 - Studying the effect of human growth hormone on the growth of the two studied species by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of three replicates of control with 120 μg of normal saline / g Body weight and two doses (low and high) with 60 and 120 μg of human growth hormone / g Body weight respectively for both species, then changes were followed up in each treatment after every two weeks of injection by : - a - Pursue histological changes in the muscular tissue by using Cell Profiler software for the first time in Iraq. b - Pursue changes in chemical components ratios of body muscles.c - Measuring of specific growth rate and length - weight relationship for fishes.2 - Studying of human growth hormone effect on the gonads of fishes (adult males and females) with 60 males for each species and a same number of females, all of them injected either with low or high dose with 60 or 120 μg of human growth hormone / g Body weight respectively for both species or with 120 μg of normal saline / g Body weight in fishes of control. This experiment had achieved in a month.3 - Knowing the direct effect of human growth hormone on the follicles by implementing an in vitro experiment with the follicles of carp which implanted in basic salt solution (BBS) then growth hormone was added to the test tubes with two concentrations 5 μg/ ml and 10 μg/ ml, the control follicles were implanted in normal saline. The results of the study revealed that the maximum rate of percentages of the muscle fibers with area less than 314 μm2 for region R1(Dorsal side) was 88.29 % in carp in high dose treatment after the eighth week of injection, while it was 88.00 % for tilapia in high dose treatment after the eighth week of injection, too.In the region R2 (in tail) the maximum rate of percentages of muscle fibers with area less than 314 μm2 was recorded after the eighth week from the beginning of injection was 73.3553 % for carp in high dose treatment and 85.935% for tilapia in high dose treatment.The results showed that 1.00984 and 1.000074 were the highest and the lowest values of condition factor for carp respectively. For tilapia those were 1.009993 and 1.000151 the highest and the lowest values of it respectively.The rate of specific growth rate for length was 0.3616 and 0.44866 cm/day% for carp and tilapia respectively. While the specific growth rates for weight were higher than the comparable one for length and were 1.3489 g/day% for carp and 1.6085 g/day% for tilapia.The results exhibited that the rates of protein percentages for both species in the all treatments in general tend to be higher with progressing of experimental time. Muscle water content percentage rate varied with difference of dose and experimental time. The maximum rate of fat percentage in both species was in control treatment after two weeks of hormone administration.The highest rate of carp male Gonadosomatic index was 6.55% in high dose treatment after the third week of injection, as for tilapia males was 6.103% in low dose treatment after the third week of injection, while the lowest value for this index was recorded after the first week of injection in high dose treatment which as 2.81 and 2.89% for carp and tilapia respectively. For females the highest rate of Gonadosomatic index was in high dose treatment after the third week of injection for both species which was 11.001 and 6.0624% for carp and tilapia respectively. As for the lowest rate of carp female Gonadosomatic index was recorded in control treatment after the first week of injection it was 5.54%, while the lowest rate of this index for tilapia females was 2.99% in low dose treatment after the first week of injection.In the experiment of direct effect of this hormone on the follicles of carp it was found that the highest value of polarization index was 4.12 which recorded in high dose treatment after 48 hours of incubation while it reached the lowest value which was 3.031 in high dose treatment after 24 hours ofincubation.

دراسة تصنيفية وحياتية للفطريات الناقصة الملونة في البصرة == Taxonomical and Biological study of Dematiaceous imperfect - fungi in Basrah

اسم المؤلف: زينب خلف عبد الله
اسم المشرف: توفيق محمد محسن
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: During this study 23 species belong to 10 genera of imperfect fungi were isolated from different natural sources ( plants, soil , and ari) from Basrah govermanete using different isolation methods.Among the isolated fungi the genus Alternaria was selected to identify its species by using the morphological characteristis by light microscopy and Scaning Electron in Microscope (SEM) and verified by molecular and chemical methods. Eight species of Alternaria were identified namely; A.alternata (isolate1 and 2) A.chlamydospora A.citri, A.raphani , A.longipes , A.infectoria A.tenuissima and A.chrysanthemi based on light microscope examination.Taxonomic relegation of these species were confirmed by SEM image. SEM revealed that there was differences in the conidial wall ornamentation .The molecular analysis using PCR depending on the loci ITS1, and ITS4 700bp which confirmed the morphological identification of most of species namely A.alternata (isolate 1 and 2) , A.chlamydospora , A.longipes , A.infectroia and A.tenuissima. However , A.citri was related to A.alternata, A.raphani was belonged to A.infectoria and A.chrysanthemi is belonging to A.lolii. Nevertheless ,by using the loci OPA1 - 3 there was no variation among the species of Alternaria ,this is may be due to the inadequate method applied.The genetic variation of 36 isolates of A.alternata was studied using 9 - primers by RAPD - PCR technique. All primes gave an amplification of DNA for all the fungal isolates. Among the primers OPC08 exhibited a highest efficacy reaching 235 total bands .In the present study the antibacterial activity of fungal crude extract was tested. It appeared that the extract exhibit an antibacterial bioactivity against E.coli , S.aureus , S.epidermidis and S.saprophyticus.However, the extract of A.alternata (isolate 1 and 2) showed an inhibition growth against all the tested bacterial strains. This study was also revealed that the fungal filtrates of Alternaria species possessed various chemical compounds. However, there were differences in the chemical composition among the fungal filtrates.The results showed that Alternaria species ( A.alternata isolate 1 and 2, A.chlamydospora A.citri, A.raphani , A.longipes) were capable to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles, when the fungal filtrate were treated with AgNO3 solution after72 hrs incubation .Silver nanoparticles synthesis was checked by the change of colour from yellow to brown and confirmed by Uv - vis spectrophotometry at wave length (420, 440 nm). SEM image showed that the silver nanoparticles with spherical shape and size ranged between (20 - 72nm). Aconclusion can be derived that application of SEM,chemical analysis of fungi extracts ,molecular analysis and the silver nanoparticles characteristics are useful in the taxonomy of fungi to solve the overlapping of the morphological identification .Taxonomic key were prposed for the species of the genes Alternaria based on the morphology , chemical compound with the fungal extracts and size of silver nanoparticles synthesized by fungi .Melanin pigment identify by TEM microscope and it appeare like dark drop inside the cell .

دراسة مجتمعات اللافقريات القاعية الكبيرة في ثلاث بيئات مائية مختلفة في جنوب العراق == Synecology of Macrobenthic Invertebrates of Three Different Aquatic Habitat at Southern Iraq

اسم المؤلف: رغد زيدان خلف
اسم المشرف: هيفاء علي حمزة | مرتضى يوسف العباد
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - اللافقريات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study aimed macrobenthic invertebrats communites in three different aquatic environments southern Iraq. Eight stations were chosen for this purpose, Four of them distinction by being with running water and affected with the tide of Arabian Gulf,these include two stations on each of Shatt Al - Arab River (Al - Mohamadiat and Al - Salihia) and east part of Al - Hammar marsh (Al - Burgah and multaqaa Al - Mashab and Al - Sallal).the other four stations were not affected with the tide and located on the central marshes, two stations on each of Aum Al - Showaich marsh (Al - Sibitia and Al - Badria) and Al - Chebaeish marsh (Abu Sobat and Al - Sihaqee).The samples of water and sediment were collected monthly during the period from April 2014 to March 2015.Some environmental factors for each station were measured these include air and water temperatures, pH ,electrical conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, total dissolved soild, total hardness, Calcium, nitrate , reactive phosphate, sulphate, total organic carbon and soil texture. The macrobenthic invertebrates samples which collected by Three replicates monthly for each station were isolated and identified,then densities and relative abundance were calculated.Some ecological indices such as diversity, richness, evenness, dominance, beta diversity and similarity indices(qualitative and numerical) were studied. Canonical correspondence analysis was adopted to evaluate the effect of the measured environmental factors on the occurrence and density of the studied macrobenthic invertebrates.The results showed that the variables of the stations were ranged as below : Air temperature (12 - 44)C̊ ,while the water temperatures (10.6 - 35)C̊ , PH (7.5 - 9.1), EC (2.07 - 13.7) mS /cm, Turbidity (4.2 - 199) NTU, DO (5 - 11.5) mg/l , BOD5 (0.3 - 3.5)mg/l , TDS(1245 - 10220)mg/l , TH (531 - 2928) mg/l , Ca+2 (80.2 - 320)mg/l , NO3 - (0.26 - 15.25) mg/l , PO4 - 3 (0.032 - 2.9) mg/l , SO4 - 2 (250 - 910)mg/l , and for sediments : TOC (9.3 - 22.5)% and soil texture ranged between sandy silt to muddy silt.The total number of recorded taxes were 80,representing by 16 species belonging to Annalida, 36 genus to the Aquatic insects (28 genus of them were first record in the middle wetlands), 16 species to Crustacea and 12 species to Mullosca. The species Pomacea canaliculata was recorded for the first time from Shatt Al - Arab river. The recorded taxes were classified according to its occurrence periods into four classes : dominant, fluctuated, less abundant and rare.The monthly density of each taxa of macrobenthic invertebrate and for each main macrobenthic invertebrate group in all stations was calculated. The results revealed that the densities were ranged from( 0 - 7115, 0 - 485 , 0 - 703 and 0 - 1199) ind/m2 for the groups of annelid, aquatic insect, crustacean and mollusca respectively. While the total density of all macrobenthic invertebrate groups was ranged between( 0 - 7367) ind/m2.The results of annual relative abundance for each main macrobenthic invertebrate group in all study stations referred that the value 66.3% was recorded for the annelids, while the lowest one 6.1% was recorded for the aquatic insects. On the other hand, the annual relative abundance for each main group in each station was investigated, and was ranged between (0.9 - 68)% recorded in Shatt Al - Arab river stations for the groups of aquatic insects and annelids respectively,( 0.4 - 67)% recorded in east Hammar marsh stations for groups of water insects and mollusks respectively, and (1 - 82)% recorded in Middle marshes stations for the annelids. The annual relative abundance for total macrobenthic invertebrate group in all stations was ranged from (2 - 27)% recorded in Al - Sibitia and Al - Sihaqee stations respectively. The annual relative abundance for the species and genus which recorded during our study revealedthat all highest values (94, 96.58 and 100)% were recorded for the species Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri in stations of Shatt Al - Arab River, east Hammar marsh, and Middle marshes respectively.The monthly relative abundance for main macrobenthic invertebrate groups in all station was studied. The highest value which recorded from Shatt Al - Arab river stations (Al - Salihia station) was reached 95.8% and recorded for the annelids, while reached 100% either in east Hammar marsh stations(Al - Burgah) for the mollusks and in Middle marshes stations (Al - Sibitia) for the crustaceans.Some ecological indices for each for each main macrobenthic invertebrate group from all stations totally were calculated. About the spatial diversity the range of Shannon - Wiener diversity index were between 0 - 0.6674 for annelids, 0.8718 - 1.92 for aquatic insects,0.5404 - 1.917 for crustaceans and 0.3035 - 1.15 for mollusks, while were 1.076 - 2.085 for all the benthic groups totally.The values of Richness index were from 0 - 1.127 for annelids,0.778 - 3.683 for aquatic insects, 0.5212 - 2.104 for crustaceans and 0.2543 - 1.277 for mollusks, while were 2.321 - 5.225 for all the benthic groups totally. The values of Evenness index were ranged between 0 - 0.9629 for annelids,0.4649 - 0.7419 for aquatic insects ,0.3016 - 0.8327 for crustaceans, and were 0.2189 - 0.8974 for mollusks, while were 0.3121 - 0.77 for all benthic groups totally. The values of Dominance index were ranged from 0.6129 - 1 for annelids, 0.343 - 0.7736 for aquatic insects ,0.2991 - 0.8772 for crustaceans,0.5075 - 0.9845 for mollusks while were 0.2638 - 0.7762 for all benthic groups totally.About the temporal diversity the values of Shannon - Wiener diversity index were between 0 - 0.99 for annelids, 0 - 2.01 for aquatic insects, 0 - 1.5 for crustaceans and 0 - 1.637 for mollusks, while were 0 - 1.981 for all benthic groups totally. The values of Richness index were from 0 - 0.969 for annelids, 0 - 2.717 for aquatic insects, 0 - 1.314 for crustaceans and 0 - 731 for mollusks, whilewere 0 - 3.047 for all the benthic groups totally. The values of Evenness index were ranged between 0 - 1 for each of annelids, aquatic insects and crustaceans, and were 0 - 0.992 for mollusks, while were 0 - 971 for all benthic groups totally. The values of Dominance index were ranged from 0 - 1 for each of four benthic groups, while were 0.3 - 1 for all benthic groups totally.Whittaker Beta index between the three different aquatic habitats for each main macrobenthic invertebrate group was calculated. The lowest value 1.14 was recorded for the mollusks between the middle marsh of um Al - Shoowaich and Al - Chebaeish, and highest value 1.66 was recorded for the aquatic insects between the east Hammar marsh and marsh of Al - Chebaeish, while the index values for all groups of macrobenthic invertebrate totally were ranged from 1.33 between the Shatt Al - Arab river and east Hammar marsh to 1.54 between the Shatt Al - Arab river and marsh of Al - Chebaeish.Jaccard Similarity index for each main macrobenthic invertebrate group for each stations was calculated.The values of index for annelids were ranged from( 0 - 89)% the lowest value recorded between Al - Burgah and Al - Sibitia stations and the highest value between Al - Salihia and Multaqaa of Al - Mashab and Al - Sallal stations, for the aquatic insects the values of index between (8.3 - 46.7)% the lowest value between Al - Salihia and Al - Sibitia and the highest value between Al - Mohammediat and Al - Badria stations, for the crustaeceans values ranged(14.3 - 77.8)% the lowest value between Al - Mohammediat and Al - Badria stations while the highest value between Al - Sibitia and Al - Badria,and for mollusks were between(18 - 80)% the lowest value between Al - Mohammediat and Al - Burgah stations while the highest value between Multaqaa of Al - Mashab and Al - Sallal and Abo Sobat stations.The index for all macrobenthic invertebrate groups totally also calculated and its values were from (15 - 58.5)% recorded between Al - Mohammediat with Al - Sibitia stations and between Al - Mohammediat with Al - Salihia stations respectively.Bray - Curtis index was calculated monthly for each main macrobenthic invertebrate group in each stations .Also the Bray - Curtis index was calculated annually between stations and the results refer that the highest values as the following : 0.993 for the annelids between Al - Badria and Al - Sihaqee stations, 1 for the crustaceans between Al - Salihia and Al - Sibitia stations, and 0.96 for the mollusks between Al - Sibitia and Abo Sobat stations.The highest value for all benthic group totally was 0.983 between Al - Salihia and Abo Sobat stations.On other hand Bray - Curtis index was calculated for all macrobenthic invertebrate groups totally between the three aquatic habitats and the values were ranged from 0.5 recorded between the wetlands of um Al - Shoowaich and Al - Chebaeish to 0.875 recorded between the east Hammar marsh and wetlands of um Al - Shoowaich.The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) by using Canoco application revealed the clear effect of different ecological factors on numbers of the individuals and species of each group of macrobenthic invertebrate in all stations during the study period.

الكساء الخضري والتنوع الاحيائي النباتي في منطقة الصحراء الجنوبية في محافظة البصرة / جنوب العراق == Vegetation and Plant Biodiversity in the Southern Desert in Basra Governorate, Southern Iraq

اسم المؤلف: حيدر راضي مالح حسين
اسم المشرف: عبد الرضا اكبر علوان المياح
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - البيئة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تناولت الدراسة الحالية الغطاء النباتي والتنوع الاحيائي والمجتمعات النباتية في منطقة الصحراء الجنوبية ضمن محافظة البصرة, وتم دراسة الخصائص الكمية والنوعية للغطاء النباتي , فضلا عن خصائص الترب والهواء في 12 محطة, 6 منها خصصت للمسح الشهري للانواع للفترة بين كانون الاول 2012 وكانون الاول 2014.تم دراسة الخصائص الفيزيائية والكيميائية للعوامل البيئية في منطقة الدراسة وشملت حساب قيم درجة حرارة الهواء والرطوبة النسبية, وكذلك دراسة خصائص الترب ومنها قوام التربة ودرجة حرارة التربة ورطوبة الترب والاس الهيدروجيني والمادة العضوية والتوصيلية الكهربائية وقيم الملوحة, وتبين انها اظهرت تباينا موسميا في المحطات الستة. اوضحت الدراسة الحالية وجود 185 نوع و136 جنس تعود الى 41 عائلة, منها 159 نوع و115 جنس و36 عائلة تعود الى مجموعة نباتات ذوات الفلقتين, في حين ضمت مجموعة نباتات ذوات الفلقة الواحدة 26 نوع تقع في 21 جنس و5 عائلات, وكانت اغلبها نباتات حولية حوالي 66% , بينما كانت نسبة النباتات المعمرة 44 %, كما تم تسجيل حوالي 20 نوع لاول مره في مناطق الدراسة, كما اكدت التوزيع الجغرافي وسجلت انتشار العديد من الانواع في مناطق لم تسجل فيها سابقا.وبينت دراسة اشكال الحياة في منطقة الدراسة ان مجموعة Therophytes قد امتلكت اعلى نسبة بلغت 71.19%, بينما ضمت مجموعة ال Geophytes اقل نسبة بلغت 4.3 %. كما تغايرت الاصول الجغرافية النباتية Chorotype للانواع,عكست اهمية الموقع الجغرافي لمنطقة الدراسة, وسجلت العناصر ثنائية وعديدة المناطقBi & Pluri regional 70.7 elements % منها, وشكلت العناصر الصحراوية - العربية Sahara - Arabia elements نسبة 20.54%.وبينت النتائج ان اكبر العائلات انتشارا وتوزيعا وبعدد الانواع في منطقة الدراسة هي العائلة المركبة Compositae التي تعد اكبر العائلات في المنطقة, ثم العائلة الصليبية Cruciferae , والعائلة النجيلية Gramineae , والعائلة البقوليةFabaaceae , والعائلة الرمرامية Chenopodiaceae , كما تبين ان الاجناس Astragalus وPlantago وErodium كانت اكبر الاجناس بعدد الانواع في منطقة الدراسة, واظهر ت دراسة التوزيع الجغرافي ان بعض الانواع سجلت انتشارا واسعا في مناطق الدراسة ومنها Hammada salicornica Moq. وRhanterium epapposum Oliv.و Stipa capensis Thunb. وIflago spicata (Forssk) Sch. Bip. وFilago pyramidata L. وSpegularia diandra (Guss.) Heldr & Sart. وStrigosella grandiflora ( Bunge.) Boch. .كما تضمنت الدراسة وصف وتمييز المجتمعات الرئيسة وتحديد مناطق انتشارها في مناطق الدراسة وضمت Hammadetum salicornici وCornulacetum auchraeو Rhanterietum epapposi وZygophyllietum propinqun وAstragalietum spinosi وSalsoletum setiferaeو Convolvulietum oxyphylliو Salsoletum rosmarini وStipetum capensiو Ziziphetum nummulariaeو Teucriutum oliveriو Stipagrosis plumosi وLycetum barburae وSuaedetum aegyptiaci . واظهرت الدراسة التغيرات الموسمية في طبيعة الغطاء النباتي وتاثر السيادة بالتغيرات الموسمية في الظروف المناخية والتي ساهمت في ظهور المنطقة بعدد من المظاهر الموسمية للغطاء الخضري ( Seasonal Aspect) . وبينت نتائج الدراسة الحالية وجود تباين موسمي ومكاني بين غالبية محطات الدراسة في قيم ادلة الكثافة والوفرة والتغطية والتنوع والسيادة والتجانس والغنى النوعي والتشابه والكتلة الحية والتصاحب والاهمية.

دراسة جزيئية لتعدد الاشكال الوراثية لجين TAS2R38 (جين تذوق مادة PTC) بين سكان محافظة البصرة وعلاقتها بمرض السكري == A Molecular Study of TAS2R38 (PTC Tasting Gene) Polymorphism Among Basrah Population and It's Association With Diabetes Mellitus

اسم المؤلف: حسنة عامر مهوس
اسم المشرف: فائزة عبد الوهاب احمد | اسعد يحيى عايد
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study dealt with the genetic polymorphism of Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) tasting from phenotypic and genotypic (Molecular of TAS2R38(P49A) gene ) prospective,among sample of Basrah Population from 2014 - 2012. Also, a comparative Molecular study for the gene TAS2R38(P49A) and some biochemical parameters was made in a group of Diabetic patients for the first time in Iraq /Basrah and the world .Phenotypic study using the gradient dilutions of PTC substance method, was established among 317 individual : 96Males and 221 Females from different regions of Basrah. Increased sensitivity with low threshold 6 of Males than Females 5 was observed which indicate that the Males were more sensitive than Females in this region from Iraq .However, the tasters percent among Females still higher73.3% than Males72.9% ,and the whole population 73.2% as well .This study recorded different tasters percent in different regions : 62.1%,71.8% ,60.6%, 82.3% for the North ,AL - Zubair and Safwan, Abu - ALChaseab and AL - Fao and the center of the city respectively, although ,the whole population of Basrah found to be under Hardy - Weinberg Equilibrium . Allelic frequencies according to phenotypic analysis showed : recessive allele t had higher frequency (0.53) than dominant allele T (0.47), with elevated Heterozygous frequency Tt among all studied regions and the whole population(0.53) .The results recorded also , high BMI for non tasters tt as a whole and for both sexes in this phenotype : 28.32 ,28.26 for males and females respectively. While it had the lowest value among heterozygous 23.40 ,Statistical analysis for phenotypic study of this locus reveald an additive effect of the two alleles T,t by 81.33% with responsibility of 83.10% for the phenotypic variation found in this trait . Genetic (Molecular) analysis was done for comparative individuals and diabetic patients by sequencing the hTAS2R38(P49A) the PTC gene, among 127 individual : 59 healthy individual as a comparative group and 68 diabetic patients from both sexes and same age ranges. The results recorded a C/G allele in the position of the first SNP (145 C/G) which encode for Proline amino acid (C) or Alanine amino acid (G) : CC , CG refer to Tasters genotypes while GG refer to Non - tasters genotype. High frequency of C allele as compare to G among both healthy people and diabetic patients : 0.55, 0.53 for both respectively . Frequency of heterozygous genotype CG recorded a significant access as 0.76 among the comparative group which may implies a selective heterozygosity advantage among Iraqi population at this region. A significant differences in genotypic distributions was recorded between comparative and diabetic groups with high incidence of non tasters phenotypically tt 41% and genotypically GG 20.5 % among diabetic patients compare to healthy people : 25 % , 7% respectively . Interestingly non taster GG genotype had the lowest BMI among diabetic patients compare to othertwo taster genotypes CC, CG respectively. . Study of Genotype - Phenotype Association revealed significant correlation (p<0.0001) between them among comparative group as 86.9% and diabetic group as 48.8%. A comparative study of Biochemical analysis betweendiabetic and non diabetic individuals from different genotypes for TAS2R38 (P49A) gene showed significant elevated value of cholesterol among diabetic from the GG genotype 191.85 ± 6.57 mg/dl with non significant elevated values of Hb1c 8.93 ±1.77 and triglyceride 149.57±6.53 mg/dl. However, all these parameters were significantly more higher among diabetic than non diabetic . Significant differences(P<0.05) were recorded between diabetic and non diabetic according to their thyroid hormones levels with low values of T3 , T4 and high values of TSH among diabetic than non - diabetic. TSH hormone recorded its highest significant values among diabetic of CC genotype with 4.39 ± 0.16 μUI/ml as compare to the other two genotypes heterozygous CG and recessive homozygous GG . Although non significant , T4 recorded its lowest values among diabetic of the CC genotype .However, significantly (P <0.05 ),T3 hormone found to have lower values in the two homozygous genotypes; CC genotype for diabetic 0.54± 0.03 ng/ml and non diabetic 0.53±1.64 ng/ml ; GG genotype : 0.72± 0.04 ng/ml ; 1.82± 0.59 ng/ml for diabetic and non diabetic respectively . while individuals with CG genotype found to be non significantly different .Lastly it could be concluded that this trait may have some effect on BMI and may play a role the variation found among peoples in biochemical parameters (cholesterol, thyroid hormones ) changing's especially among diabetic patients. Ministry of High Education and Scientific Research Basrah University/ College of Education for Pure Science Department of Biology A Molecular Study of TAS2R38 (PTC Tasting Gene) Polymorphism Among Basrah Population and It's Association With Diabetes MellitusA Thesis submitted to the Council of the College of Education for Pure Science/ University of Basrah as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Philosophy of Doctor of Science in Biology / Genetics By Hasna Amir Mohaus BSc. Biology / 1994MSc. Biology / 1998 Supervision by Assist.Prof.Dr. Prof.Dr.Faizah A.

دراسة بعض التغيرات الفسيولوجية والنسجية لسم الافعى ذات الحراشف المنشارية (افعى سيد دخيل Echis carinatus) في الجرذان المختبرية == A study of some physiological and histological effects of venom Saw Scaled Viper (Said Dakhil) Echis carinatus in laboratory rats

اسم المؤلف: بيداء ريحان علي الموسوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الانسجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study was designed search of some physiological and histological effects of the venom of Echis carinatus sochureki (Said Dakhil snake) in male and female rats, and the role of antivenom (anti - venom) in the treatment of these effects. The while study was divided into two parts, the first part included the effect of [0.04 mg/kg (the second group) and 0.08 mg/kg (the third group)] of venom in rats. While, the second part related with the effect of [0.25ml/animal (the second group) and 0.5ml/animal (the third group)] antivenom in male and female rats treated with 0.04mg/kg and 0.08mg/kg of venom. After 24 hours of injection, blood samples collected for the hematological and biochemical parameters, and taking the right epididymis and epididymis left removed to examine the count and maliformations of sperm. Also, liver, kidney, testes and ovary were collected for sections. The results of the present study showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in RBC in the third group (0.08) mg / kg when compared with the first group (control) and second group (0.04) mg / kg. Also was there a significant decrease in HCT and MCV in the second and third groups compared with the first group, while there was a significant increase in the platelets of the third group compared with the first and second groups in in both sexes. The results indicated a significant decrease in RBC in the second and third groups compared with the first group, also a significant decrease in HCT in the second and third groups compared with the first group. The results showed a significant increase in the HCT in the second group compared with the third group. The results showed a significant decrease in the MCV in the third gr oup compared with first and second groups in female rats. The present study (P≤0.05) showed a significantdecrease in total WBC, lymphocytes and neutrophils in the second groups (0.04) mg / kg and the third (0.08) mg / kg, and a significant decrease in monocytes, acidiophils and basophils of the second and third groups compared with the first in the male rats. The results indicated a significant decrease in neutrophil in the second and third groups compared with the first group, and a significant decrease in lymphocytes, monocytes and acidiophils of the third group compared with the first and second groups in the female rats. The present study showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the level of glucose and urea in the third group (0.08) mg / kg compared with the first (control) and second (0.04) mg / kg groups. There was a significant increase in creatinine and albumin in the second and third groups compared with the first group, also a significant decrease in the total protein, cholesterol and HDL in the second and third groups compared with the first group.There was a significant decrease in the level of TG, LDL and VLDL in the third group compared with the first and second groups, The results showed a significant decrease in ALT and AST in the third group compared with the first and second groups, and a significant increase in the ALP in the third group compared with the first and second groups in the male. The hormonal study showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the level of FSH, LH, testosterone and estrogen in the second and third groups compared with the first group in male and female rats. The present study a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the count of sperms in the second and third groups compared with the first group, while, there was a significant increase in the maliformations of sperms in the third group compared with the first and second groups. The present study showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the level of immune globulins (IgA - IgG - IgM) in the second and third groups compared with the first group in both sexes. The results of the effect of (0.5 - 0.25) ml / animal antivenom in male and female rats treated with (0.04) of snake venom showed a significant decrease in RBC and HCT in the second and third groups compared with the first groups,and there was a significant increase in the MCV in the second and third groups compared with the first group in male. The study results showed a significant increase in RBC, HCT and MCV in the second and third groups compared with the first group in the female rats.The current study showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in total WBC of the second group compared with the first and third groups, and a significant decrease in the lymphocytes and monocytes in the second and third groups compared with the first group, also the results showed a significant increase in total WBC in the second and third groups compared with the first in the male. Also, found a significant decrease in lymphocytes and monocytes in the secon d and third groups compared with the first, it was observed a significant rise in monocyte in the first group compared with the second and third groups. The results showed a significant increase in the percentage of granular white blood cells in the second and third groups compared with the first group in the female rats.Results of the present study indicated a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the level of glucose, urea, albumin and total protein in the third group compared with the first and second groups, and there was a significant increase in the level of cholesterol HDL - VLDL in the third group compared with the first and second groups, also a significant decrease in TG in the second group compared with the first and third groups, The results showed a significant decrease in the level of HDL in the second and third groups compared and second groups with the firstgroup. the results showed a significant increase in the level of albumin and total protein in the third group compared with the first and second groups, and the results indicated a significant in increase cholesterol level, LDL and VLDL in the third group compare with the first and second groups, There was a significant decrease in the level of TG in second group compared with the first and third groups, and a significant decrease in the level of HDL in the second and the third groups compared with the first group in the female rats.The results indicated the effect of (0.5 - 0.25) ml / animal antivenom in male and female rats treated (0.08) mg / kg of snake venom, showed a significant decreased (P≤0.05) in RBC, HCT , MCV, lymphocyte and monocyte in the second and third groups compared with the first group, a significant decrease MCH in the second group compared with the first and third groups in male rats, showed a significant decrease in RBC HCT and MCV in the second and thirdgroups compared with the first group.The present study showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the level ofglucose and urea, ALT and ALP in the third group compared with the first and second groups, also a significant decrease in the level of creatinine, LDL, VLDLand AST in the second and third groups compared with the first group, and asignificant increase in the level of albumin, total protein and HDL in the thirdgroup compared with the first and second groups. a significant increase in levelof cholesterol and TG in the second and third groups compared with the firstgroup in the male rats, While showed a significant decrease in level of glucose,urea and ALT in the third group compared with the first and second groups,there was a significant decrease in the level of creatinine, LDL, VLDL, AST and ALP in the second and third groups compared with the first group, a significant increase in albumin and total protein in the group third compared with the first and second groups, while a significant increase in level of cholesterol, TG and HDL in the second and third groups compared with the first group in female.The histological results showed changes in the liver of male and female rats treatment I n venom snake and constrictions consisted obtaining inflammation and blood congestion and enlarged nuclei of hepatic cells and degeneration in the cytoplasm and necrosis of liver cells, as well as, changes in the kidney tissue such as having a bleeding and hyperplasia and congestion blood and inflammation and analyze the entire glomerulus and necrosis of the cortical cells.The current study showed the incidence and clear changes in testicular tissue treatment venom snake of obtaining vascular congestion and analyze the interconnection fabric between the tubule and the decay of some nuclei and abnormalities tubule and testicular and shrinking and analyzes and the presence of multiple nuclei giant cells in the wall of tubule.The current study for histological changes in the ovary as sections showed the presence of large numbers of corpus luteum and the decrease numbers of ovarian follicles and the disappearance of the evolutionary stages of ovarian cysts.

تاثير PTU على بعض الجوانب النسيجية والفسلجية في الاجنة والاناث الحوامل Rattus norvegicus == Effect of PTU on some aspects of histological and physiological in fetus and pregnant rats(rattus norvegicus

اسم المؤلف: انوار ناذر صيوان
اسم المشرف: مها خليل الملاك | علاء عبد الخالق حسين
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الانسجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Aim of study was to evaluated the effects of propylthiouracil (Ptu) drug on both maternal and fetus rats, used experimental animals (Rattus norvegicus) and after housing, breeding and adapting, (50) of virgin females choosen, isolated and then divided into two groups each group contain (25)rats, The mean weight of the animals was(200 ±50) gm and (8 - 10) week of age. Females on first group regarded as control and treated with distilled water while animals in second group were treated with (Ptu)dose as (0.05 %) and left for(14.5, 16.5, 18.5, 20.5, 21.5)for each group. Macroscopic observations on each group were recorded including changes in thyroid gland morphology, hypertrophy and enlargement at each period (14.5, 16.5, 18.5, 20.5, 21.5) days of gestation for both pregnant rats and embryos,the shape of uterine hornes,and uterus with changes of fetus number, resorption, atrophy, malformation of body parts, indifferentiation of fore and hind limbs, skin abnormalities were noticed. The changes in placenta which appeared irregular, pale colour, congested with white fibrous regions were noticed in hypothyroid rat comparing with placenta of control group animal, which looked red, discoid shape and normal surface without any abnormal signs, in addition fatty ovaries with large amount of adipose tissue was accumulated in abdomen cavity, the ovaries irregular and showed structures in most pregnant rats of hypothyroid group comparing with control pregnant females.Present showed significant decreased at (P≤0.05) in mean length, weight and number of fetus at (14.5, 16.5, 18.5, 20.5, 21.5) days of gestation in all embryos related to hypothyroid rats compared to control. Histological study with light microscopy on sections from thyroid gland related to rats with induced hypothyroid showed reduced, small follicles with empty or little colloid substance, each follicle lining simple cuboidal or flat epithelium, an increased with stroma, variable size of follicles most of them smaller compared to control thyroid gland from control rats, which showed normal lobules, large follicles filled with colloid, and poorly stroma.Sections from uterus, ovaries, oviduct related to hypothyroid rats showed variable histological changes ranged from mild to severe like abnormal reduced layers of uterus, irregular uteri folded, degenerated with simple epithelial tissue that lining the uterus villi, haemorrhage in uterine gland, deposition of collagenous fibers, infiltration of lymphocytes and accumulation of adipose tissue. Ovaries from hypothyroid rats showed variable changes with ovaries follicles maturation, accumulated of adipose tissue, decreased graffian follicles, infiltration of lymphocytes and deposition of collagenous fibres with degenerated of lining epithelial layer compared with control ovaries.Microscopic observations of placenta sections from hypothyroid rats at different period of gestation revealed loss tissue, reduced placental layers thickness, necrosis in the peripheral regions, degenerated cytotrophoblasts that surrounding capillaries, the trophoblast giant cells appeared with degenerative changes in labyrinth and spongiotrophoblasts regions. undifferentiated fetal blood capillaries compared to control which the sections have normal structure differentiated to decidual basalis and labyrinth zones, the junctional zone composed of outer giant cells that separated the decidua basalis and trophospongium.In this study the ultrastructural changes in thyroid gland from maternal and fetus related to hypothyroid rat at (14.5, 16.5, 18.5, 20.5, 21.5) days of gestation were identified by electron microscopy and included changes in apical cytoplasm of follicular cells to microvilli, blebs and protrusions also dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, increased lysosomes, the empty vacuoles more than the dense vesicles, increased mitochondria and Golgi apparatus cisternae, changes chromatin and more cellular debris. Biochemical results in thyroid hormones revealed to significant increase in mean concentration of (TSH) in pregnant females with hypothyroidism during gestation periods in compared with control group, also there was an decrease in both (T3, T4) non significant, significant increased concentration in serum of pregnant rats on treated group with (Ptu) compared with their concentration of control pregnant rats.Levels of some oxidative enzymes (GSH & MDA) was estimated in this study and there was significant increased,non significant in their concentrations in serums of rats with induced hypothyroidism comparid to control group during each period of gestation (14.5, 16.5, 18.5, 20.5, 21.5) day. The study determined some of haematological parameters such as (R.B.Cs) count, (H.b) level and (P.C.V) ratio which showed non significant at (P≤0.05) hypothyroidism rats compared with control rats at the same period of gestation. Also the results revealed non significant with (T.L.C), (D.L.C) in all pregnant rats with hypothyroidism compared to control rats, the data showed an increased with lymphocytes and Neutrophils and Esoinphils cells in smears prepared from hypothyroidism rats compared to control group

عزل وتشخيص احد قلويدات الايض الثانوي لبعض الطحالب ودراسة فعاليته الحيوية == Isolation and identification one alkaloid of secondary metabolites from some algae and study of biological activity

اسم المؤلف: انفال نوري عباس اللفتة
اسم المشرف: احمد محسن عذبي | اقبال جاسم الاسدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The current study includes an isolation, Identification and purification of three species of algae, two of them belonging to cyanobacteria they are Oscillatoria brevis and Nostoc carneum . The third one was Enteromorpha intestinalis which belong to green algae which was from different location in Basrah .There are two extract were prepared from the algal species Alcohol , and alkaloid extracts , Alcoholic extract prepared to know what was compound it had and alkaloid extracts to test bioactivity of algae Cytotoxcity also was carried out on human red blood cells, the results revealed that alkaloid extract from E.intestinalis was nontoxic, whereas bioactive compounds isolated from O.brevis , N.carneum. Showed hemolytic action .The bioactivity of alkaloid extract was examined to elucidate their on ability to inhibit the growth of gram Positive and negative bacteria. .Biological activity of alkaloid extracts of three algae isolated were determined by using the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) againsttwo bacterial isolates. And also test the effect of filtrate pure algal culture on growth of plant pathogenic fungi ,also apparently that the algal alkaloid extract and isolated compounds exhibits antioxidant.The antitumor activity of the algal alkaloid extract from E.intestinalis against Rhabdo myosarcoma cell line was examined. The results showed that crude alkaloid extract possessed an antitumor bioactivity at low concentration 0.78mg / ml .In this study also was carried out to investigate the possibility of preventing the hypercholesterolemia by using alkaloid extract of E.intestinalis .it also aimed to study the effect of use this extract in reducing the Plasma Total Cholesterol (TC) , Triglyceride (TG), Low - Density Lipoprotein (LDL) , Very Low - Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) and no effect on High - Density Lipoprotein (HDL).The identification of the compound was made depending on the active groups test and spectroscopic analyses including : Infrared (IR) and Gas Chromatography / Mass spectrum (GC - MS). The results of such analyses showed that alkaloid extract from E.intestinalisa has three compound these are Hexadecanamide , Methenamine and Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl est and alkaloid extract from N.carneum showed that has three compound 1,2 - Benzenedicarboxylic acid diisooctyles,ا9 - Octadecenamide, (Z) - )ااااا and Didecyl phthalate .Hexadecanamide purification from alkaloid extract of E.intestinalis depended on physical and chemical properties The identification of the compound was made depending on the active groups test and spectroscopic analyses including : Infrared (IR); Gas Chromatography / Mass spectrum (GC - MS) and this component showed bioactivity on gram. Positive and negative bacteria and it has also antioxidant activity

استخدام عوامل استحثاث لانتاج مؤيضات ثانوية من بعض عزلات انواع الفطر واختبار فعاليتها الضد بكتيرية والخلايا السرطانية Penicillium والكولسترول == Use of inducing agents in secondary metabolites production from some Penicillium isolates and assay their activity against bacteria , cancer cells and cholesterol

اسم المؤلف: امل صالح عبد الرضا
اسم المشرف: توفيق محمد محسن
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The current study was designed to investigate active compounds from different Penicillium isolates ,that isolated from different sources , using different media . Eleven isolates related to five species : P. chrysogenum, P.paxilli , P. citrinum, P. cosmopolitanum, P. digitatum were isolated. After primary screening was performed , the best isolates that have high antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacterial was selected. The selected isolates were cultured on fermentation media according to the suitable media for each isolate, and the active compounds were extracted using ethyl acetate as a solvent. P. cosmopolitanum and P. chrysogenum were cultured on penicillin production medium (PPM) , P. paxilli was cultured on Aspergillus complete medium (ACM) and P. digitatum and P. citrinum were cultured on solid state fermentation media consist of wheat bran . The efficiency of fungal crude extracts from each isolate against the reference strains S. aureus NCTC 6571 and E. coli ATCC 25922 and against Candida albicans (pathogenic and reference strain)was examined, and the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determinated for each extracts.The inhibition zone of fungal extracts against E. coli and S. aureus ranged between (20 - 50) mm , and they had high activity against C. albicans ( reference and pathogenic isolate) ranged between 25 - 45 mm.Induction of secondary metabolite production by the selected fungi was carried out using biological factor (Streptomyces sp.) , chemical agent (colchicine) and physical agent by UV radiation. Apparently that the biological induction by Streptomyces isolate was the best compared with the other treatments.The results revealed that the two fungal extracts ALO1 and Apax exhibit a high antioxidant activity at low concentrations and volumes of the extract compared to ascorbic acid as control. ALO1 had radical scavenging activity (RSA%) reach 99.9% at volume 3μl , and Apax had RSA 91.6% at concentration 500μg/ml. Also, the fungal extract ,ALO1, showed a significant activity as anticancer agent against RD - cell line. The IC50 of ALO1 was 8.5μl after 24h and 23.76μl after 72h. The hypercholesterolemia ability of ALO1 in vivo and in vitro was assayed . In vivo experiment designed using female albino mice and divided into three groups each one contain 8 mice : group 1 treated with 10μl , group 2 treated with 20μl of ALO1 , and group 3 treated with normal saline as control group. The results showed that total cholesterol , triglycerides, LDL and VLDL were significantly reduced when compared with control group while the HDL level was increased in comparing with control group. The chemical analysis of the crude extracts showed that Apen2 contained 259 μg/g of penicillin G when analyzed with HPLC apparatus . Also the GC mass analysis of ALO1 showed that Docasadionic acid initialize area76.18% and Palmitic acid initialize area 15.09% from the total identified compounds.Whereas the GC mass analysis of Apax showed that Hexandioic acid initialize area40% and Stearolic acid initialize area 35.57% from the total identified compounds.In addition , it was detected the presence of penicillin biosynthetic gene cluster : pcbAB, pcbC and penDE in P. cosmopolitanum and P. chrysogenum.The result showed that gene pcbC and penDE were found in the genomic DNA but the gene pcbAB was not amplified by PCR.

دراسة تصنيفية وبيئية لحشرات نصفية الاجنحة المائية وشبة المائية Heteroptera : Hemiptera في محافظة البصرة == Taxonomical And Ecological Study of Aquatic And Semiaquatic Insects(Heteroptera : Hemiptera) In Basrah Provience

اسم المؤلف: اسماء عبد الزهرة سبع العيداني
اسم المشرف: ضياء خليف كريم
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحياة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Present studies dealing with the taxonomical and ecological studies of the aquatic Hemiptera : Heteroptera in eight stations in Basrah provience ,which are : Al - Medina , Al - Qurna , Basrah center ,Shat Al - Arab , Al - Zubair , Abu Al - Khasib , Al - Faw and Sullein Marsh, collection was done twise monthly during the period from April 2012 to March 2013 .Results showed the presence of nine species belonging to aquatic Hemiptera , three belonging the group Gerromorpha and six the group Nepomorpha,as follows : Group : Gerromorpha(Popov,1971)Family : Gerridae ( Leach , 1815)1 - Aquarius nebularis(Schellenberg,1800)Family : Mesoveliidae(Douglast and Scott , 1867 )2 - Mesovelia vettigera( Horvath , 1895 ) ( apterous )M .vettigera( Horvath , 1895 ) ( macropterous )Family : Macroveliidae3 - Macrovelia hornii(Uhler , 1872 )Grouop : Nepomorpha(Popov,1968)Family : Nepidae ( Latreille , 1802 )4 - Nepa cinerea( Linnaeus , 1758 )Family : Corixidae ( Leach,1815 )Subfamily : Cymatianiae ( Walton , 1940 )5 - Cymatia bonsdorffii(Sahlberg , 1819 )Subfamily : Corixinae ( Leach , 1815 )6 - Sigara(Vermicorixa) latelaris ( Leach , 1815 )Family : Belostomatidae ( Leach , 1815 )7 - Lethocerus fakir(Mayr , 1852)Family : Notonectidae ( Latreille , 1802 )8 - Anisops sardeus(Herrich - Schaeffer , 1849)AbstractBFamily : Pleidae ( Fieber , 1851 )9 - Plea leachi(McGregor and Kirdaldy,1899)Among the collected species ,six were regarded as new records to the Iraqi fauna of this order,they were : A. nebularis,M. vettigera( macrpterous) , M . vettigera( apterous), Ma.hornii , N.cinerea , C.bonsdorffii andP.leachi.Study also deal with the measuring of some ecological aspects like air and water temperatures , salinity , pH and dissolved oxygen ,and their effected on the monthly distribution of the aquatic Hemiptera. Temperature was the most effective aspect in the monthly distribution of the insects ,as the lowest numbers were recorded in Summer months and the highest number were in Winter months , the ranges of the air temperatures were 9 - 43º C and water temperatures were 2 - 33º C .The highest concentrations of salinity was recorded in Al - Zubair , Abu Al - Khasib and Al - Faw reached to 35g/l in Al - Zubair in July , the pH ranges were the same in all stations and was alkalid , their ranges were 7.3 - 7.8 , about the dissolved oxygen it was low and same in all stations except in Sullein Marsh which reached to 11 mg/l in January .The concentration of some heavy metals in water also studied like Fe, Pb, Cu and Zn , the highest concentrations were to Fe and Zn in Basrah center and Al - Zubair, and the highest concentration for Fe in Al - Zubair reached to 6362.21μ/L in August, while highest concentration for Zn in Basrah center reached to 1365.92μ/L in July, while in the other stations the concentrations were lowest .The study also used the water boatmen Sigara latelaris(Leach,1817) as bioindicators of heavy metals pollution in the water of Basrah provience , and taken Sullein marsh as control , and measuring the concentrations of the heavy metals in insects tissues , water and sediments , the results showed that the insects collected from the water of the center of the city can accumulate Fe andAbstractCZn in their tissues and the highest concentrations reached to 3562.16 and 3778.12 μ /gm for Fe and Zn in July , while in the insects taken from Sullein marsh were 286.25 and 285.17 μ /gm .The concentrations of heavy metals in water and sediments of the city center were measured and the highest concentration was for Fe and Zn , and reached to 1569.91 and 1365.91 μ /L of the water of city center , while reached to 215.01 and 223.14 from the same metals in the water of Sullein marsh , the concentrations of the same metals were recorded in sediments of the city center and reached to 2865.16 and 1982.56 μ /gm for Fe and Zn , and the highest concentrations of the same metals in Sullein marsh were 418.57 and 393.74 μ /gm .

دراسة تاثيرالسمية النباتية والوراثية لتراكيز مختلفة من الاوكسينات ومضادات التلوث في استحثاث الكالس الاولي لنخيل صنف الحلاوي. (Phoenix dactylifera L.) التم == Assessment of Phytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of different Auxins concentrations and decontamination agents on initiation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) primary callus of Hillawii cv.

اسم المؤلف: اسراء عبد الرزاق حميد السامر
اسم المشرف: صبيح داود محمد العطبي | محمد حمزة عباس
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الانسجة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of the growth regulators 2, 4 - D; Dicamba and NAA on the induction of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) primary callus Hillawii cv., by analyzing morphological, biochemical; anatomical and molecular responses. Three concentration of 2, 4 - D (10; 50 and 100 mg/L), Dicamba (1; 5 and 10 mg/L) and 30 mg/L of NAA were examined during the course of this study. in addition, several antimicrobial agents were selected to evaluate their morphological and biochemical impacts on the primary callus of date palm including the antibiotics (Gentamycin 50 mg/L and Chloramphenicol 50 and 100 mg/L), as well as, the fungicides (Switch 1 g/L and Beltanol 1 ml/L), After induction of the primary callus from each treatments, the following results were obtained : 1. The results showed that the treatments with 2, 4 - D at 10 mg/L and Dicamba at 1 and 5 mg/L did not stimulate any callus growth over the time of incubation on MS medium.2. It was evident that the treatments of different growth regulators have a significant effect on the initial period (day) for callus initiation, the shortest period have been obtained with the low concentration of 2, 4 - D (50 mg/L) and Dicamba (10 mg/L) which were 67.57 and 66.75 days, respectively, while the high concentration of 2, 4 - D (100 mg/L) led to increase this period significantly up to 120 days.3. Both fresh and dry weight of date palm primary callus decreased significantly at the treatment of high concentration of 2, 4 - D (100 mg/L) up to two folds compared to the treatment at low concentration of 2, 4 - D (50 mg/L), similar trend of results were found with browning percentage and intensity.4. Biochemical analysis of produced date palm primary callus revealed that the high concentration of 2, 4 - D (100 mg/L) led to a significant increase in the total content of carbohydrates; Proline, Peroxidase activity and Phenolic compounds which considered as a stress indicators, and another decrease of total soluble proteins and free amino acids was accompanied with this treatment compared to the same growth regulator at low concentration and Dicamba treatments.5. Anatomical study revealed that asignificant damage was caused by the high concentration of 2, 4 - D (100 mg/L) on date palm primary callus, this damage was evident from the abundant and distribution of tannins compounds across the primary callus tissues, thus, was accompanied with high percent of browning, compared with the treatments of 2, 4 - D at low concentration, Dicamba and NAA.6. The analysis of Protein profile revealed the similarity between the patterns of control treatment (juvenile leaf of Hillawii cv.) and 2, 4 - D at low concentration, as well as, Dicamba. Similarity indices results for protein profile of date palm primary callus proved the genetic similarity of 100% between control treatment and both 2, 4 - D (50 mg/L) and Dicamba ones, while, the lowest similarity percentage was observed with high concentration of 2, 4 - D (100 mg/L).7. The results of RAPD marker analysis of the extracted genomic DNA form date palm primary callus using four deca oligonucleotide primers showed the efficiency of three primers (OPAR3; OPAR8 and P.650) in their amplification of examined DNA,. RAPD profile revealed an identical matching between control treatment and 2, 4 - D at low concentration, followed by Dicamba and NAA auxins, while, the increasing in 2, 4 - D concentration up to 100 mg/L led to disappearance and the appearance of new DNA bands compared to control treatment, with a highest genetic distance among other treatments.Similarity coefficient analysis showed that the highest genetic similarities were found between control treatment and 2, 4 - D (50 mg/L) with similarity index of 96% , followed by Dicamba and NAA treatments with indices of 74 and 66%, respectively, the lowest similarity index was obtained between control and 2, 4 - D at high concentration which was 27%.8. The screening results of antimicrobial agents showed that the treatment with Switch fungicide (1 g/L) and Gentamycin antibiotic ( 50 mg/L) did not stimulate any callus growth over the time of incubation on MS medium supplemented with either 2, 4 - D or Dicamba.9. Beltanol fungicides (1 ml/L) treatment had a negative effect on the initiated primary callus either by 2, 4 - D or Dicamba, its treatment led to a high significant reduction in total solubleprotein and free amino acid content compared to control results, while an increase of total carbohydrates, Phenolic compounds, Proline and Peroxidase activity was detected with Beltanol fungicide.10. The Chloramphenicol treatment at low concentration (50 mg/L) showed positive results on the growth of primary callus at 2, 4 - D or Dicamba auxins according to morphological and biochemical analysis.

التحلل والمعالجة الاحيائية للمركبات الهيدروكاربونية النفطية بوساطة سلالات Streptomyces وNocardiopsis المعزولة من الترب الملوثة بالنفط في محافظة البصرة - العراق == Biodegradation and bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons by Streptomyces and Nocardiopsis strains isolated from oil contaminated soil of Basrah Governorate - Iraq

اسم المؤلف: احمد عبد برغال الاسدي
اسم المشرف: كوثر هواز مهدي | نادية عبد الامير المظفر
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: سبعة سلالات من البكتريا الخيطية تعود الى جنسي Streptomyces وNocardiopsis عزلت من ترب شركة مصافي الجنوب الملوثة بالنفط الخام في البصرة جنوب العراق، وقد تم اختبار قدرتها على النمو بوجود النفط الخام باستعمال وسط ملحي سائل مزود بالنفط الخام كمصدر وحيد للكربون. شملت السلالات على S. variabilis 7525 وS. variabilis SW75 وS. cellulosae XFB - T وS. parvus S86 وS. bacillaris S4BW2 وS. flavoviridis VITHM - 1 وN. synnemataformans ITD - 3 بنسبة تشابه من 99٪ الى 100٪. في هذه الدراسة تم العثور على سلالات جديدة من البكتريا الخيطية المعزولة من التربة الملوثة شخصت باستعمال تحديد تتابعات جين الحامض النووي الريبوزي 16S rRNA وقد اظهرت السلالات قدرات مختلفة على تحلل النفط الخام في الوسط الملحي السائل من 50.2٪ الى 72.4٪. كما تم تقييم تاثير الظروف الزرعية من درجة الحرارة والدالة الحامضية وتركيز النفط الخام والعناصر النزرة في نمو سلالات البكتريا الخيطية وتحلل النفط الخام، وقد لوحظ ان اعلى نمو للخلايا واعلى تحلل للنفط الخام كان 80٪ في ظروف زراعة مثالية ( درجة حرارة 30 ᵒم ودالة حامضية 7 بعد 10 ايام من الحضن وزادت هذه النسبة الى 85٪ من قبل السلالة S. cellulosae XFB - T بعد اضافة العناصر النزرة.في حين اظهرت نتائج اختبار التحلل الحيوي للنفط الخام في التربة من قبل سلالات البكتريا الخيطية منفردة بعد 60 يوما من الحضن تحت ظروف مختلفة ، اظهرت ان اعلى قيمة للتحلل كانت 87 ٪ من قبل النوع S. bacillaris عند درجة حرارة 30 ᵒم وحجم لقاح مضاف 10مل/ 25غم تربة ومستوى رطوبة 40٪.المعالجة الاحيائية هي ستراتيجية فعالة لتنظيف المواقع الملوثة بالهيدروكربونات. ونتيجة تاثر الكائنات الحية الدقيقة من تلك التربة يحدث لها اضطراب وبالتالي يتم انتقاء الاحياء المجهرية القادرة على استهلاك الهيدروكربونات لاستخدامها في هذه التقنية الفعالة في التعامل مع الملوثات الهيدروكربونية. الهيدروكربونات التي تتفاعل مع نسجة التربة والكائنات الحية الدقيقة هي التي تحدد مصير الملوثات وطبيعتها الكيميائية والقدرات الهادمة للميكروبات. الاثار المحتملة لنشارة الخشب، وخليط من روث الابقار والغنم وتعديل المكملات الغذائية لتحفيز الكائنات الدقيقة الاصلية وزيادة المعالجة البيولوجية للهيدروكربونات، هذه العملية تم اجراءها باستعمال طريقة المعالجة خارج الموقع بطريقتي الكومة والمفاعل الحيوي، بخلط التربة الملوثة مع نشارة الخشب والروث الحيواني ودعم التربة بالمغذيات والعناصر النزره مع توفير الرطوبة الملائمة والظروف المواتية لنمو الكائنات الحية الدقيقة كما قدمت التهوية الصناعية للتربة في الكومة والمفاعل بوساطة شبكة من الانابيب المثقبة لمحاكاة المعالجة الحيوية التي استمرت مدة 90 يوما.خلال تلك الفترة، رصدت الهيدروكربونات النفطية الكلية (TPHs) وازالة الالكانات الاعتيادية والتغيرات في المجتمعات البكتيرية. وقد اظهرت النتائج ان (TPHs) قد انخفضت من 52غم/كغم الى 10.6 غم / كغم بمعدل تحلل بلغ 79.6٪ ومعدل تحفيز كان 71.4٪ في تجربة الكومة ومن 52غم/كغم الى 13.5 غم / كغم بمعدل تحلل بلغ 74٪ ومعدل تحفيز كان 63.5٪ في تجربة المفاعل الحيوي. وخلال مدة 45 يوما من الاختبار بلغت اعداد الكائنات الحية الدقيقة من البكتيريا المضافة والمستوطنة التي تحلل المواد الهيدروكربونية اعلى مستوى لها 2 × 710 خلية/ غم و1.1 × 710 خلية/ غم في الكومة والمفاعل الحيوي على التوالي.بناء على هذه المعطيات، نستنتج ان المعالجة الحيوية خارج الموقع افضل ستراتيجيه غير مكلفة وفعالة وصديقة للبيئة وبالتالي قد توفر خيارا قابلا للتطبيق لمعالجة التربة من الملوثات الهيدروكربونات النفطية. | Seven actinomycetes strains from genera Streptomyces and Nocardiopsis isolated from hydrocarbon contaminated soil in Basra Governorate, Iraq were selected for their capacity to grow in the presence of crude oil. Their growth rates and biodegradation ability were investigated in mineral salt media supplemented with light Remella crude oil. These strains consist of Streptomyces variabilis 7525, Streptomyces variabilis 5W75, Streptomyces cellulosae XFB - T, Streptomyces parvus S86, Streptomyces bacillaris S4BW2, Streptomyces flavoviridis VITHM - 1 and Nocardiopsis synnemataformans ITD - 3, that the sequence identity range from 99% to 100%. Our study find a new actinomycetes strains isolated from contaminated soil. these strains appears different capacity on the degradation of crude oil in mineral salt media , the highest was found to vary from 50.2% to 72.4%.The effect of the cultivation factors (temperature, pH, and concentration of crude oil and trace elements ) on growth of the actinomycetes strains and crude oil degradation was evaluated. The highest cell growth and the amount of crude oil degraded 80% were observed in optimized cultivation conditions (30oC and initial pH 7) after 10 days, this ratio reached to 85% by addition of trace elements solution at same condition by S. cellulosae XFB - T.The biodegradation test lasted 60 days in soil by actinomycetes strains at different factors shown the highest of the crude oil was removed in experiment that inoculums with 10ml of each bacterial strain, value 87% by Streptomyces bacillaris S4BW2 at 30oC. Bioremediation is an efficient strategy for cleaning up sites contaminated by hydrocarbons. Microorganism of soil is affected by hydrocarbon disturbance thus selective enrichment of hydrocarbon utilizers occurs. The technology is very effective in dealing with petroleum hydrocarbon contamination. Hydrocarbons react with the soil matrix and microorganisms determining the fate of the contaminants relative to their chemical nature and microbial degradative capabilities. The potential effects of sawdust, and mixture of cow and sheep dung as amendment nutrient supplements to biostimulate autochthonous microflora and augmentation for hydrocarbon bioremediation were investigated in test biopile and bioreactor. The soil was ground and fluffed by admixture of 1.5% sawdust, then supplemented with the necessary minerals and watered to provide conditions favoring microorganism growth industrial aeration was provided in pile by system of a abundant perforated drainage - pip network to simulate bioremediation treatments through a 90 - day period. During this period, we monitored total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and n - alkanes degradation and changes in bacterial communities. The (TPHs) had been reduced from 52 to 10.6 g/kg (79.6 %), the rate of Biostimulants Efficiency (BE) was (71.4%) in biopile and from 52 to 13.5 g/kg (63.5 %) in bioreactor . In soil, the dominant microorganism population comprised Gram - positive bacteria from actinomycete group and autochthonous microorganisms which decompose hydrocarbons reached highest level 2 x 107 and to 1.1 x 107 CFU/g at 45 days in biopile and bioreactor respectively . Based on these data, the study conclude that is ex situ ( Biopile and bioreactor ) experiment the best strategy, inexpensive, efficient, and environmentally friendly and may thus offer a viable choice for petroleum hydrocarbons - contaminated soil remediation.

دراسة تشريحية ونسجية وكيمونسجية مقارنة للغدة الدرقية وجار الدرقية في نوعين من الفقريات العراقية (بيز ابن عرس، Herpestes javanecus والقنفذ طويل الاذن ، Hemiechinus auritus) باستعمال الواسم Anti - Calcitonin, code 140778) ) == Study of Thyroid and Parathyroid Gland in Two Iraqi Vertebrates ( Weasl , Herpestes javanicus and Long - Eared Hedgehog , Hemiechinus auritus) Using Marker (Anti - Calcitonin, code 140778)

اسم المؤلف: رنا علاء عبد الحميد هايس العامري
اسم المشرف: حسين عبد المنعم داود
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - التشريح
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدفت الدراسة الحالية التعرف على الوصف التشريحي والتركيب النسجي والكيمو نسجي - المناعي للغدتين الدرقية وجار الدرقية لنوعين من اللبائن العراقية ممثلة ب بيز ابن عرس ( ( Herpestes javanicus والقنفذ طويل الاذن ( Hemiechinus auritus ) وقد استعملت تقنيات مختلفة لانجاز الدراسة .• الغدة الدرقية Thyroid Glandاظهر الفحص التشريحي للغدة الدرقية في حيوان بيز ابن عرس (H. javanicus) البالغ (ذكور, اناث) ان الغدة تتكون من فصين (ايمن, ايسر) وتاخذ موقعا في منطقة العنق اسفل الحنجرة. ويتموضع فصا الغدة على جانبي الرغامى عند الحلقات (5 - 1) من حلقات الرغامى ولم يلاحظ وجود تركيب البرزخ (Isthmus) الذي يربط بين فصا الغدة , ويتباين لون الغدة بين البني والاحمر وفي الغالب تظهر بلون بني محمر(Reddish brown) يظهر فصي الغدة في شكل بيضوي او اهليجي, اظهرت نتائج الدراسة الحالية في حيوان القنفذ ( H. auritu ) تماثلا واضحا مع حيوان بيز ابن عرس فيما يخص الوصف التشريحي باستثناء كون فصا الغدة بيضويتي الشكل.تحاط الغدة في حيوان بيز ابن عرس بمحفظة من نسيج ضام (Connective tissue) تتكون من طبقتين, طبقة خارجية External layer)) تتالف من الياف مغراوية (Collagenous fibers) وقليل من الياف مرنة ((Elastic fibers ويتخللها ارومات ليفية Fibroblast)), وطبقة داخلية ((Internal layer تتالف من الياف مغراوية يتخللها الياف عضلية ملساء Smooth muscle fibers) ) ,كما تتضمن المحفظة اوعية دموية ((Blood vessels واعصاب (Nerves), تمتد من المحفظة الداخلية حويجزات رقيقة تقسم الغدة الى فصيصات غير مكتملة . اظهرت المحفظة في حيوان القنفذ تماثلا مع المحفظة في حيوان بيز ابن عرس.يتكون نسيج الغدة الدرقية في حيوان بيز ابن عرس بصورة رئيسية من الجريبات (Follicles) والخلايا الجنيب جريبية (Parafollicular cells) واوعية دموية واعصاب. تتخذ الجريبات اشكالا متعددة منها بيضوي (Oval), ومنها دائري ((Rounded, واحيانا تظهر بشكل غير منتظم (Irregular shape), وتكون الجريبات باحجام مختلفة صغيرة, متوسطة وكبيرة . اظهر القنفذ تماثلا مع حيوان بيز ابن عرس فيما يخص حجم وشكل الجريبات. تبطن الجريبات في بيز بن عرس اما بنسيج ظهاري مكعبي واطئ بسيط ( Low simple cuboidal epithelial tissue) او نسيج ظهاري مكعبي بسيط (Simple cuboidal epithelial tissue) , بينما في حيوان القنفذ يظهر نسيج ظهاري عمودي بسيط (Simple columnar epithelial tissue) فضلا عن النسيج الظهاري المكعبي الواطئ البسيط والظهاري المكعبي البسيط . تحتوي تجاويف الجريبات على مادة جيلاتينية هي الغروان Colloid)) , وتظهر الجريبات تباينا في كمية الغروان اذ ان بعض الجريبات تكون مملؤة بالغروان والبعض الاخر يحتوي على كمية قليلة والقليل منها يظهر خاليا تماما من الغروان في كلا الحيوانين موضوع الدراسة, تنتشر في نسيج الغدة خلايا تدعى بالخلايا الجنيب جريبية (Parafollicular cells) او تسمى خلايا الكالسيتونين (Calcitonin cells) او (C - cells), وتظهر هذه الخلايا باشكال متباينة يتراوح بين الدائرية (Rounded) الى مضلعة الشكل ( (Polygonal shape, وهي تظهر اما بشكل مفرد (Single) او بشكل تجمعات (Clusters) في نسيج الغدة, وتحتل هذه الخلايا موقعين اساسيين في نسيج الغدة , الاول داخل جريبي Intrafollicular position) ) وتكون بين الغشاء القاعدي والخلايا الظهارية الجريبية والثاني بين جريبي Interfollicular position)) وتكون بين جريبات الغدة الدرقية , وتكون قليلة العدد ولم تظهر اختلافا في حيوان بيز ابن عرس عن القنفذ .اظهر التفاعل الكيمونسجي المناعي في حيوان بيز ابن عرس والقنفذ استجابة واضحة للتفاعل المناعي مع الاجسام المضادة للكالسيتونين, وظهرت الخلايا متقبلة للون البني وهو دليل التفاعل المناعي .• الغدة جار الدرقية Parathyroid Gland توجد الغدة جار الدرقية بتماس مع الغدة الدرقية وتحاط بمحفظة من نسيج ضام وهي امتداد لمحفظة الغدة الدرقية والتي تتكون من الياف مغراوية والياف مرنة ((Elastic fibers والياف عضلية ملساء واوعية دموية واعصاب . توجد الغدة جار الدرقية في موقعين طرفي قمي وطرفي جانبي. تمتد من محفظة الغدة جار الدرقية حويجزات الى داخل الغدة لتفصلها الى فصيصات غير كاملة، وتنتشر داخل نسيج الغدة. اما في القنفذ ( H.auritus ) فانها تقع ضمن نسيج الغدة الدرقية وتظهر بشكل فصوص (4 - 2) فصوص دائرية او بيضوية الشكل محاطة بمحفظة رقيقة تفصلها عن جريبات الغدة الدرقية.تم تمييز ثلاثة انواع من الخلايا في نسيج الغدة جار الدرقية في حيوان بيز ابن عرس اذ تمثلت الخلايا الاكثر انتشارا بالخلايا الرئيسة ((Chief cells، والخلايا الحمضة (Oxyphil cells) وخلايا الماء الشفافة ( (Water - clear cellsوهي تماثل الخلايا في نسيج القنفذ وتترتب بشكل حبال خلوية ضمن نسيج الغدة.اظهرت الغدة جار الدرقية في بيز ابن عرس استجابة للتفاعل الكيمو نسجي المناعي, اذ ظهرت خلايا الغدة متقبلة للون البني دليل التفاعل المناعي اذ تظهر الاستجابة المناعية للخلايا على مستوى السايتوبلازم والغشاء البلازمي في الخلايا الرئيسة ( (Chief cells, واظهرت الاستجابة المناعية في الغدة للقنفذ اختلافا بالنسبة لشدة استجابة الخلايا حيث كانت اقل من حيوان بيز ابن عرس .اوضحت نتائج الدراسة الحالية الخاصة بتحليل الاحماض الامينية في مستخلص الغدة الدرقية وجار الدرقية في حيوان بيز ابن عرس (H.javanicus ) (ذكور، اناث), تشخيص (13) حامضا امينيا في الذكور و(11) حامضا امينيا في الاناث, اما في حيوان القنفذ H.auritus (الذكور، الاناث), فقد تم تشخيص (12) حامضا امينيا في كل من الذكور والاناث. | Anatomical examination of thyroid gland in adult (males &females) H. javanicus revealed that the gland consist of two lobes (right & left), situated below the layrnx in neck region. The two lobes located at the sides of trachea (1 - 5) rings of trachea. they appear without Isthemus. The colour of the gland is reddish brown. The shape of the lobes either to be oval or elliptical. On the other hand the thyroid gland in H. auritus showed a clear similarity with that of H. javanicus with the exception of the oval shape of the gland. Thyroid gland of H. javanicus surrounded by capsule of connective tissue consist of external layer of collagenous and elastic fibers, fibroblast and internal layer consist of collagenous fibers with smooth muscle fibers, the capsule also contain blood vessels and nerves. Thin trabeculae extend from the capsule divided the gland into incomplete lobules. The capsule of thyroid gland in H. auritus showed clear similarity with that of H. javanicus with the exception of the adipose tissue between the capsule and gland tissue in H. auritus.Histologically thyroid gland in H. javanicus consists of follicles, parafollicular cells, blood vessels and nerve. The follicles appear in different shapes (oval, rounded and irregular shapes, and have different size (small, medium and large). The thyroid gland tissue in H. auritus has the same appearance of that in H. javanicus. The follicules in H. javanicus lined by epithelial tissue either to be Lwo simple cuboidal or simple cuboidal epithelium. In H. auritus lind by Lwo simple cuboidal, simple cuboidal or even simple columnar epithelial tissue. The follicular cavities contain different quantities of colloid, and few of them lack of collid in both under investigated animals. Parafollicular cells are spreading in gland tissue; they also called calcitonin cella or c - cells. These cells have different shapes either to be rounded or polygonal shape, and found as single or clusters. They are either to be interfollicular or intrafollicular position. The immunohistochemistry reaction revealed clear positive reaction for calcitonin , and the appearance of brown colour represented evidence for the immune reaction .• Parathyroid glandResults of the present study revealed that parathyroid gland situated closely with thyroid gland in both animals under investigatin . The gland surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue represented as an extension from the capsule , which consist of collagenous fiber, elastic fibers, smooth muscles fibers and blood vessels and nerves. The parathyroid gland situated at two position (lateral terminal / apical terminal) the trabeculae wich exted from the gland capsule to the gland tissue separated the gland into incomplete. In H. auritus the parathyroid gland formed from (2 - 4) lobes with rounded or oval shapes and surrounded by thin capsule separated from the thyroid gland follicles.Three types of cells have been differentiated in the parathyroid tissue in H. javanicus represented by chief cells wich apper the most abundant in comparison with the other two types, the second type are the oxyphil cells and the third are water - clear cells, they are similar in both animals and appear as a cellular cords within the gland tissue. The immunohistochemical study in parathyroid gland of H. javanicus reveald positive reaction for calcitoninin, where ̛s the cells appear ̛s in brown color giving the evidence for the immune reaction in cytoplasm and plasma membrane of the chief cells In H. auritus there was clear immune reaction but less than H. javanicus . Result of the present study related with the amino acid analysis of the thyroid and parathyroid glands extraction in H. javanicus (mals &females) declear (13) amino acid in males and (11) in female while in H. auritus (male &females) there were (12) amino acid in both male and females.

دراسة تصنيفية لبعض اجناس العويئلة الفراشية Papilionoideae في العراق == Comparative Taxonomic study of some genera Papilionoideae subfamily in Iraq

اسم المؤلف: شيماء محي حسون
اسم المشرف: نداء عدنان ابو سراج
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة في مختبرات كلية العلوم / جامعة بابل للفترة من شهر شباط 2016 الى شهر اب 2017 . وقد جمعت العينات من اماكن مختلفة من شمال العراق ووسطه . وقد تناول البحث الحالي دراسة تصنيفية مقارنة شملت بعض الصفات المظهرية العامة والدقيقة للبذور وكذلك دراسة صفات حبات اللقاح , ودراسة الصفات التشريحية لبعض الاجزاء النباتية , فضلا عن الدراسة الجزيئية . وشملت الدراسة تسعة عشر نوعا تعود تسعة اجناس مختارة من عشائر مختلفة من العويئلة الفراشية في العراق , وتضمنت نوعان للجنسAstragalus L. هما A.kahiricus DC. وA.rhodosemius Boiss.and Hausskn ونوع واحد لكل من الاجناس L. Coluteaالنوع Col.cilicica Boiss. ; Coronilla L. النوع Cor. scorpioides (L.)W.D.Koch. ; Glycyrrhiza L. الضرب G.glabra var. glandulifera (Waldst. et Kit) Regel et Herd. ; Hippocrepis L. ; النويع Hi.unisiliquosa L. subsp.bisiliqua (Forssk.)Bornm. ; Hymenocarpos Savi. النوع Hy.circinnatus (L.) Savi. ; Pisum L. النويع P.sativum subsp. elatius (M.Bieb.) Aschers. بالتحديد الضرب var.pumilio Meikle ; والجنس Scorpiurus L. الضرب S.muricatus var.subvilosus (L.) Lam. , فضلا عن تسعة انواع للجنس Onobrychis Mill. هي O.acaulis Bornm. , O.caput - galli (L.) Lam. , O.crista - galli (L.) Lam. , O.carduchorum Townsend , O. megatophros Boiss. , O.haussknechtii Boiss. , O. galegifolia Boiss. , O.ptolemaica subsp. macroptera Townsend. , O.ptolemaica subsp. ptolemaica (Del.) DC. , O.schahuensis Bornm.. اقتصرت الدراسة المظهرية على الصفات المظهرية العامة والدقيقة للبذرة باستعمال المجهر الضوئي Light microscope والمجهر الالكتروني الماسح Scanning electron microscope لسطح غلاف البذرة , وقد دلت النتائج على اهمية صفات البذرة من الناحية التصنيفية , اذ تم تحديد ابرز الصفات والاكثر اهمية في عزل العشائر والاجناس زيادة على عزل الانواع , لاسيما شكل البذرة ولونها وعدد البذور في البقلة , علاوة على الزخرفة السطحية لغلاف البذرة والتي لها الدور البارز في الفصل بين افراد العشيرة Coronilleae , كما كان لها الدور في فصل كل من العشائر المدروسة عن بعضها . اما صفات حبات اللقاح فقد كانت من الصفات المظهرية ذات القيمة التصنيفية العالية لعزل العشائر والاجناس , فقد دلت النتائج وجود اثنان من الطرز المختلفة هما : Colpate وColporate اذ امكن تمييز حبات لقاح الجنس Onobrychis بكونها ذات حبات لقاح من النوع Colpate , كما فصلت حبات لقاح النوع Hymenocarpos circinnatus عن باقي الاجناس بالاستناد الى عدد فتحات الانبات فقد تميز بكون حبات لقاحه سداسية وسباعية فتحات الانبات , كما كان لشكل وحجم الحبة وشكل الاخدود فضلا عن صفات الزخرفة السطحية لجدار الحبة المدروسة تحت المجهر الالكتروني الدور التصنيفي الجيد في فصل الانواع قيد الدراسة. اما جانب الدراسة التشريحية فقد شملت الدراسة صفات البشرة للوريقات والكاس الزهرية والتويج (ورقة العلم) والسيقان , فضلا عن دراسة المقاطع المستعرضة للسيقان ونصول الوريقات والسويقات وحاملات النورات والثمرة (البقلة) . كما شملت الدراسة طبيعة الكساء السطحي وانواع البلورات المنتشرة وانماط اﻠﺗﻌﱠرق Venation patterns. وقد دلت النتائج الى اهمية كل الجوانب التشريحية المدروسة في الفصل بين الاجناس المدروسة وكذلك بين الانواع. وتضمنت الدراسة ايضا التصنيف الجزيئي باستعمال تقانة البلمرة المتسلسل Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) من خلال معرفة تتابع Sequencing المنطقة النووية ITS اذ كان للدراسة الجزيئية اهمية تصنيفية لمعرفة علاقات التقارب والتباعد بين انواع الاجناس المدروسة , وتم التعرف على النوع A.rhodosemius كتسجيل جديد للجنس ضمن الانواع المنتشرة في العراق . | This study was conducted in the laboratories of the Faculty of Science / University of Babylon for the period from February 2016 to the month of August 2017. Samples were collected from various parts of northern Iraq as well as in the central regions .The present investigation deals with a comparative taxononmic study , included some gross and micromorphological characters , as well as the pollen grains characteristics and anatomical characteristics of some plant parts , as well as the molecular study . The study included nineteen species belonging to nine selected genera from different tribes of papilionoideae subfamily in Iraq , and included two species of genus Astragalus L. ( A.kahiricus DC. and A.rhodosemius Boiss.and Hausskn ) , and one species of each genera Colutea L. (Col.cilicica Boiss.) , Coronilla L. (C.scorpioides (L.) W.D.F.Koch) , Glycyrrhiza L. (G.glabra var.glandulifera (Waldst. et Kit) Regel et Herd) , Hippocrepis L. ( Hi.unisiliquosa L.subsp.bisiliqua (Forssk.)Bornm. ) , Hymenocarpos Savi. (Hy.circinnatus (L.) Savi. ) , Pisum L. (P.sativum subsp. elatius (M.Bieb.) Aschers. var.pumilio Meikle. ) and Scorpiurus L. ( S.muricatus var.subvilosus (L.) Lam. ) , in addition to nine species of genus Onobrychis , O.acaulis Bornm. ; O.caput - galli (L.) Lam. ; O.crista - galli (L.) Lam. ; O.carduchorum Townsend. ; O. megatophros Boiss. ; O.haussknechtii Boiss. ; O. galegifolia Boiss. ; O.ptolemaica subsp. macroptera Townsend. ; O.ptolemaica subsp. ptolemaica (Del.) DC. ; O.schahuensis Bornm. The morphological study was limited to gross and micromorphological characters of seed using light microscopy and a scanning electron microscopy for the surface of seed coat . the result indicated the taxonomic importance of the seed characteristics , the most important valuable in isolating the tribes and genera , also species. Especially the seed shap , colour and the number of seeds in the pod . In addition to the surface ornamentation of seed coat , Which had a important role in the separation of members of the tribe Coronilleae, and had a role in the separation of each of the studied tribes. The characteristics of pollen grains have good taxonomic value in isolation of tribes and species . the results indicated that there are two different types of pollen grains , colpate and colporate , the polle grains of Onobrychis can be distinguished from other genera by lacking germinating aperture ,pollen grains of Hymenocarpos circinnatus was separated from the other of the species based on the number of germination pores , The shape and size of the grain and the shape of the colpus as well as the characteristics of the surface ornamentation of the grain wall studied under the electronic microscope, the role of good classification in the class of species under study. pollen grains of other genera were separated based on the characteristics of germination pore , the shape , size of the grain and the shape of , in addition to the characteristics of ornamentation of studied grain wall under the electron microscope . As the anatomical study , included the characteristics of the epidermis of leaves , the calyx , corolla and stems , as well as the study of transverse sections of stems , leaflets petioles , peduncles and the pod . also the nature of indumentum , types of crystals , and venation patterens . the results showed the importance of all anatomical aspects studied in separation between the studied genera as well as between species. The study also included molecular systematic using polymerase chain reactions (PCR) through sequencing of nuclear (ITS) region . it was clear that the molecular study has taxonomical significance to know the phylogeny and relationships of convergence and divergence between species . A.rhodosemius was identified as a new species registry in Iraq.A.rhodosemius is recognized as new species for Iraq.

دراسة جزيئية للجينات البيتا - لاكتاميز في بكتريا Acinetobacter baumannii المقاومة للمضادات الكاربابينيم == Molecular Study of ? - lactamase Genes in Carbapenem Resistant Acienetobacter baumannii (CRAB)

اسم المؤلف: ربيع عبد الاله مجيد عبد علي الهنداوي
اسم المشرف: ايمان محمد جار الله
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحياة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: During the period between April 2016 and January 2017, a total of 1100 clinical specimens (burns, wounds, throat, urine, blood) were collected from two hospitals in Babylon province Al - Hillah Teaching Hospital and Medical City of Mirjan Hospital. All specimens were cultured and 17 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were obtained from clinical specimens in a percentage of (1.5%) distributed in burn 11 (2.8%), wound 1 (0.6%), throat 1 (2%), urine 3 (0.7%) and blood 1 (0.9%).This study was conducted to determine the presence of carbapenem resistance Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) isolates and the prevalence of β - lactamase genes responsible for carbapenem - resistance among clinical isolates of A. baumannii collected from two hospitals in Hillah City. Isolates were identified according to VITEK2 system. Antibiotics susceptibility was assayed by using disks diffusion method according to CLSI recommendations and it’s found 8 isolates was carbapenem resistant.The eight CRAB isolates were tested for biofilm formation by using the tube adherence test and the results showed that 5 of 8 tested isolates (62.5%) were strong for biofilm formation. Two genes related to biofilm formation was investigated (bap & blaPER - 1 genes). Six isolates were positive for the bap gene (75 %) and no isolates had positive for blaPER - 1 gene. The eight CRAB isolates were tested also for the presence of two virulence factor genes include espA (K1 capsular polysaccharide) and ompA (outer membrane protein A), this detection was performed by the conventional PCR technique. The positive result for espA and ompA genes was (62.5%) and (75%) respectively.IIPhenotypic detection of carbapenemase production was performed using the imipenem - EDTA disk and modified Hodge's test (MHT). Then isolates were subjected to monoplex PCR targeting blaCTX, blaTEM, BlaSHV, blaIMP, blaVIM, blaSPM, NDM - 1, NDM - 2, AmpC, OXA - 23, OXA - 24, OXA - 48, OXA - 51, OXA - 58 and OXA - 235 genes, all CRAB isolate gave positive result with MHT and (50%) of these isolates were positive to the imipenem - EDTA disk. PCR experiments showed ; all CRAB isolates were harbored blaOXA - 51 gene, six (75%) isolates were harbored blaCTX gene, four (100%) isolates were harbored blaTEM gene, four (50%) isolates were harbored blaVIM gene, four (50%) isolates were harbored blaSPM gene, seven (87.5%) isolates were harbored NDM - 2 gene, seven (87.5%) isolates were harbored ampC gene, six (75%) isolates were harbored OXA - 23 gene, one (12.5%) isolates were harbored OXA - 24 gene, two (25%) isolates were harbored OXA - 48 gene and one (12.5%) isolates were harbored OXA - 235 gene, while none of these isolates harbored BlaSHV, blaIMP, NDM - 1, NDM - 2 genes. All isolates of A. baumannii appear as MDR, while two isolates appear to be as XDR.These results revealed that CRAB isolates constitute 47% of all A. baumannii that had been isolated from Al - Hillah Teaching Hospital and Medical City of Mirjan Hospital in Babylon province and some of carbapenemase were detected in both phenotypic and genotypic methods (PCR). This underlies the importance of their accurate identifications and reporting to prevent the emergence of complete resistance to the most potent drugs against A. baumannii in Babylon province.

انتاج وتوصيف لنقي المنتجات الايضية لعزلة Streptomyces ودراسة تاثيراتها المضاد حيوية والسرطانية == Production and Characterization of Purified Metabolites from Streptomyces Isolate and Study

اسم المؤلف: ليندا حميد تركي عطية الغزالي
اسم المشرف: رباب عمران راضي الجيلاوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: شملت الدراسة الحالية جمع 100 عينة من الترب بواقع 50 عينة من ترب صحراوية جمعت من المناطق التي تبعد مسافة 3 كيلومترات من بحيرة الرزازة و50 عينة من ترب زراعية جمعت من مناطق مختلفة من محافظه كربلاء المقدسة. حيث عزلت 26 عزلة من البكتريا الخيطية من الترب الصحراوية و36 عزلة من البكتريا الخيطية من الترب الزراعية ودرست الفعالية التضادية لهذه العزلات ضد اربعة انواع من البكتريا المرضية ( بكتريا الموجبة لصبغة كرام Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae وبكتريا السالبة لصبغة كرام (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeru¬ginosa وبطريقة التخطيط العمودي, واظهرت النتائج ان جميع actinomycetes المعزولة من الترب الزراعية ليست لها اي فعالية مضادة للبكتريا المرضية بينما كانت لبكتريا actinomycetes المعزولة من الترب الصحراوية فعالية مضادة للبكترياالمرضية وبمديات مختلفة تبعا لنوع البكتريا المرضية المدروسة, وقد وجد ان لثمانية من عزلات actinomycetes الصحراوية فعالية مضادة للبكتريا المرضية السالبة والموجبة لصبغة كرام وتبعا لذلك المدى الواسع في التثبيط اختبرت فعاليتها المضادة بطريقة الانتشار بالحفر, واظهرت النتائج ان العزله LHR 9 actinomycetesلها فعالية مضادة للبكتريا المرضية اعلى من العزلات الاخرى المختبرة وباستخدام طريقة الانتشار بالحفر, لذلك اختيرت لاكمال محاور الدراسة المتقدمة. درست الصفات المظهرية والبايوكيمياوية والزرعية للبكتريا actinomycetes LHR 9 بعد زرعها على اوساط زرعية مختلفة من وسط استخلاص Streptomyces الدولي واعتمادا على الفحص المجهري باستخدام المجهر الضوئي المركب وتحت قوى تكبير 1000و400مره لدراسة شكل المايسليوم الهوائي والارضي, وقد تبين ان للعزلة مايسليوم هوائي متفرع له مظهر مفصص وغير مجزا وباستخدام المجهر الاليكتروني الماسح تبين ان المايسليوم يحمل ابواغا ملساء وغير متحركة, وبالاعتماد على مجمل الصفات الزرعية والفسيولوجية المدروسة تبين ان البكترياLHR 9 actinomycetes المعزولة تعود لجنس Streptomyces. درست عدد من الظروف الزرعية والغذائية المثلى لتحسين انتاج مواد الايض الثانوي من البكتريا في وسط التخمر وقد كان وسط فول الصويا الحاوي على الدكستروز كمصدر كاربوني والبيبتون كمصدر نتروجيني وK2HPO4 كمصدر فوسفاتي وبظروف تخمر : بدرجه حراره 35م0 , وحموضه 7 , وقوه اهتزاز 200دوره \ دقيقه ولمده 7 ايام كفتره حضن هو وسط الانتاج الامثل . استخدمت مذيبات عضوية مختلفة القطبيةn) - بروبانول وكلوروفورم وخلات الاثيل ووالاسيتون والميثانول والايثانول (في استخلاص مواد الايض الثانوي المنتجة من بكتريا Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 المضادة للبكترياالمرضية وقد كان المذيب العضوي خلات الاثيل افضل المذيبات العضوية في الاستخلاص اذ اعطى مستخلصه البكتيري اعلى قيم في التثبيط البكتيري . نقيت مواد الايض الثانوي بعد استخلاصها بخلات الاثيل بعمود الفصل : جيل السيليكا ذو الابعاد (1.6× 14) سم وباستخدام الميثانول والكلوروفورم بنسبه 8 : 2 حجم\حجم كمحلول الغسل لسم3 واحد من المستخلص البكتيري , وقد جمع 50 جزء من المحلول الناتج بعد الغسل واختبرت فعاليتهاالتثبيطية لنمو البكتريا المرضية , وقد اعتمدت الاجزاء الفعالة لقياس التركيز المثبط الادنى باستخدام طريقة الانتشار من القرص, وقد كانت التراكيز (4.5 , 5 , 2.5 ,3)مايكروغرام/مل هي التراكيز المثبطه الدنيا لبكتريا Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aurues , Streptococcus agalactiae على التوالي. قيمت السمية الخلوية لمواد الايض الثانوي والمنقاة جزئيا لتحديد مدى فعاليتها المضاده للسرطان وبالاعتماد على فحص MTT (3 - (4, 5 - dimethylthiazol - 2 - yl) - 2 - 5 - diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) وباستخدام خطوط خلايا الثدي السرطانية وخطوط خلايا سليمة, وقد اظهرت النتائج بان التركيز 400مايكوغرام\ مل هو التركيز الامثل لتثبيط نمو الخلايا السرطانية بنسبه 60% مع المحافظة على 80% من الخلايا السليمة. اعتمدت الكروماتوغرافيا السائلة Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy (LC - MS) في تنقية المركب الفعال وتوصيفة اذ اظهرت نتائج المخطط اللوني ان هنالك خمسة قمم وبالمقارنة مع الاطياف الكتلية للمركبات حسب المعهد الامريكي للمعايير والتقنية National Institute of Standards and Technology ان للمركب صيغة كيمياوية C18H32O2 ووزن جزيئي 282دلتن . درست الفعالية المضادة للاكسدة والمضادة للاورام لمستخلص Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 (المنقى جزئيا) في اناث الجرذان المختبرية المحفزة للاصابة بسرطان الثدي كيمياويا باستخدام مادة 7,12 dimethyl Benz (A) anthracene (DMBA) واظهرت النتائج ان لمستخلص LHR 9 Streptomyces sp. (المنقى جزئيا) القدره على المحافظة على تركيز الانزيمات المضادة للاكسدة في مصل الحيوانات المعاملة بمادة DMBA وبقيم مقاربة لما هي موجودة في مصل الحيوانات السليمة وقد تمثلت اثار ذلك بصغر وزن وحجم الورم فيى منطقة الثدي والتغيرات النسيجية الملحوظة, وعلى مستوى جزيئ ايضا اذ لوحظ وباستخدام تقنية Polymerase Chain Reaction - Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism(PCR - SSCP) التغيرات الوراثية الحاصلة للجينين ( Bcl - 2 وCaspase - 3) بفعل مادة DMBA ودور مستخلص Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 (المنقى جزئيا) في الحفاظ على الشكل الطبيعي للجينين اذ تبين ان هناك83.66% من الحيوانات السليمة و50% من الحيوانات المعاملة بالمستخلص البكتيري تمتلك جين Caspase - 3 بشكله الطبيعي بينما 66.66% من الحيوانات التي عوملت بماده DMBA فقط تمتلك جين Caspase - 3 من النوع الطافر وكذلك بالنسبة للجين Bcl - 2 اذ تبين ان هناك 78.66% من الحيوانات السليمة و60% من الحيوانات المعالجة بالمستخلص البكتيري تمتلك جين Bcl - 2من النوع الطبيعي بينما لوحظ وجود نفس الجين ولكن من النوع الطافر بنسبة 66.67% في الحيوانات المصابة بسرطان الثدي بتاثير مادة DMBA. | The present study included the collection of 100 soil samples from desert regions away from about 3 km from Al - Razzaza lake and agricultural regions at Karbala Province, Iraq. From these samples 26 and 36 actinomycetes isolates were obtained from desert and agricultural regions respectively . All actinomycetes isolates were tested for their antibacterial activity using primary screening against pathogenic bacteria by perpendicular streaking method .The results were showed that all the actinomycetes isolates were isolated from agricultural regions hadn't any antibacterial activity while the 26 isolates isolated from desert regions were had antibacterial activity in different spectra . Eight actinomycetes isolates from all the 26 desert regions isolates were selected for secondary screening due to their antibacterial activities with wide spectrum against pathogenic bacteria namely Gram positive (Staphylococ¬cus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeru¬ginosa) by the agar diffusion methods and the results revealed the selection of actinomycetes LHR 9 isolate for farther studies because it gave us the highest inhibition against the tested pathogenic bacteria growth. The active actinomycetes LHR 9 isolate was identified using several morphological and biochemical methods. The morphological characterization was involved the study of aerial and substrate mycelium on many International Streptomyces Project agar medium and using light microscopy at 1000X and 400X to study the mycelium morphology, as well as using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to examine the spore surface. The results exhibited that the isolate had the aerial mycelium which formed unfragmented, branched, looped and rectus - flexibilis hyphae type bearing non - motile spores with smooth surface. In addition to results of biochemical tests we could revealed that the isolate was belong to Streptomyces genus . The active isolate Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 was selected for optimization critical cultural and nutritional parameters for increasing the antibiotic production titer in fermentation medium (Soybean broth medium), the results showed the dextrose as carbon source , peptone as nitrogenous source and K2HPO4 as a phosphate source with fermentation cultural condition included ; temperature of 35 °C, pH 7 with agitation rate 200 rpm for 7 days as incubation period gave high values in active secondary metabolites production. The antibacterial compound from fermentation medium was extracted using liquid - liquid extraction method with various organic solvents n - propanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and ethanol) 1 : 1 (v/v) . the results was revealed the ethyl acetate the most efficient in extraction . The Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 crude extract was purified by using silica gel column (1.6 X 14) chromatography. Chloroform and methanol (4 : 1) (v/v), was used as an eluting solvent. The active fractions ( had the antibacterial activity ) were selected for determination the minimum inhibitory concentration and evaluation the cytotoxic activity using MTT (3 - (4, 5 - dimethylthiazol - 2 - yl) - 2 - 5 - diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. The results of the MIC of partially purified Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 extract were 4.5 µg/ml for Escherichia coli, 5 µg/ml for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 2.5µg/ml for Staphylococcus aurues and 3µg/ml for Streptococcus agalactiae . In vitro screening for cytotoxic activity was done by MTT assay for evaluation the anticancer activity of the partially purified antibacterial compounds produced by Streptomyces sp. LHR 9. The cytotoxic activity of the partially purified Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 extract was determined against established MCF - 7 cell line ( breast cancer cell lines ) and WRL cell as a representative of normal breast cell line, depending on their viability ratio. The viability of MCF - 7 cell line was decreased dramatically with the increasing in extract concentration in the same time the viability of WRL cell was decreased in slowly manner. The using of multiple purification methods Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy (LC - MS) along with a sensitive measuring method and possibly isolation of these compounds should allow us to evaluate the entire potential of secondary metabolites production, the results from LC - MS chromatogram of the partially purified Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 extract showed five peaks, on comparison of the mass spectra of the constituents with the National Institute of Standards and Technology( NIST) library the compound was had the Formula : C18H34O2 and molecular weight : 282 D. The partially purified Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 extract was evaluated for its in vivo antioxidant and antitumor activity depending on the ability of 7,12 dimethyl Benz (A)anthracene (DMBA) to inducing breast tumor in female rat model, the results revealed the partially purified Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 extract had the ability to keeping the enzymatic antioxidant in approximately its natural concentrations (as the same concentrations in serum of negative group) in serum of tested rats which were induced breast cancer by DMBA and treated with partially purified Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 extract, so these results were more studied on histological plane and the results of that were achieved by decreasing in weight and size of the breast tumor of tested rats and other histological change in breast tissue. In addition to that partially purified Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 extract effect was more studied on molecular plane depending on the Bcl - 2 and Caspase - 3 genes mutation using Polymerase Chain Reaction - Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism ( PCR - SSCP) analysis. The results were two conformations polymorphism in both Caspase - 3 gene ( about 83.66 % of negative group and 50% of treated group had three bands (wild type) where's positive control had 66.66% four bands (mutant type)) and Bcl2 gene (the wild type had one band such as negative group was 78.66% and test group 60%, compared with positive group (60.67%) have two bands(mutant type)). so these results suggest the active apoptotic property of Caspase - 3 and Bcl - 2 and the role of partially purified Streptomyces sp. LHR 9 extract effect in keeping them in their wild type.

دراسة فسلجية وجزيئية للتغاير الجيني لمستقبلات فيتامين د في النساء المصابات بمرض السكري من النوع الثاني == Physiological and Molecular Study of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism in Type II Diabetic Women

اسم المؤلف: نورا ماجد حميد ابو خمرة
اسم المشرف: حيدر كامل زيدان السعدي | محمد عبد الله جبر
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدفت هذه الدراسة الى تقييم دور تعدد اشكال مستقبلات فيتامين (د) وارتباطها بتطور مرض السكري وتاثيرها في الاناث قبل وبعد سن الياس. جينات مستقبلات فيتامين (د)، تتضمن (Apa - I, Taq - I, Fok - I وCdx2) و(جين الفاEstrogen receptor - ) التي حددت بواسطة تفاعل سلسلة البوليميريز - تباين اطوال قطع التقييد وتقنية تفاعل سلسلة البوليميريز المتعدد المتخصص في الاليل, في حين ان الهرمونات والتي تتضمن (الاستراديول والانسولين) والمؤشرات الفسيولوجية (فيتامين د، الكولسترول، البروتين الدهني عالي الكثافة، الدهون الثلاثية، البروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة، البروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة جدا، الهيموجلوبين A1C، الجلوكوز الصيامي في الدم، مقاومة الانسولين، الحساسية للانسولين ، ضغط الدم الانقباضي وضغط الدم الانبساطي). اجريت هذه الدراسة في الفترة من اذار 2016 الى تشرين الاول 2016، حيث تم جمع العينات من مستشفى الصدر التعليمي في محافظة النجف. وقد بلغ عدد العينات (80) مريضا مصابين بداء السكري من النوع الثاني بمتوسط عمر (36 - 65 سنة ، وقسمت العينات الى مرحلة ما قبل انقطاع الطمث وبعد انقطاع الطمث, كذلك قسمت حسب مدة المرض وحسب التاريخ العائلي، ومؤشر كتلة الجسم، ومضاعفات المرض (ضغط الدم المرتفع). كما تضمنت الدراسة 40 شخصا اصحاء على ما يبدو بمتوسط عمر (36 - 65 سنة)، حيث ان مجموعة السيطرة تقارن مع مجموعة المرضى. قسمت الدراسة الحالية الى جزئين رئيسيين : الاجزاء الفسيولوجية والجزيئية. واظهرت النتائج ان المرضى الذين يعانون من مرض السكري من النوع الثاني، كان لديهم معنويا (p ≤ 0.05) مستوى اعلى من الكوليسترول ، الدهون الثلاثية، البروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة، البروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة جدا، الهيموغلوبين A1C، الانسولين، مقاومة الانسولين ونسبة السكر الصيامي في الدم مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة، في حين ان معدلات الحساسية للانسولين تنخفض معنويا (P≥0.05) في مرضى السكري من النوع الثاني عند مقارنتهم بمجموعة السيطرة. كان معدل الاستراديول معنويا ( ≤ 0.05) اعلى في الاناث قبل انقطاع الطمث في حين انخفض في الاناث بعد سن الياس لكل من مجموعة السيطرة ومرضى السكري من النوع الثاني. واظهر الضغط الانقباضي والانبساطي فرقا معنويا بين المرضى الذين يعانون من السكري النوع 2 ومجموعة السيطرة. وفقا للمقارنة بين النساء قبل انقطاع الطمث وبعد سن الياس في كل من مرضى السكري ومجموعة السيطرة، اظهرت النتائج ارتفاع معنوي (p ≤ 0.05) في معدلات مستوى هرمون الاستراديول، ومعدلات مستوى هرمون الانسولين ومقاومة الانسولين في كلتا المجموعتين. من ناحية اخرى، اظهرت المقارنة بين المرضى قبل انقطاع الطمث الذين يعانون من السكري ومرحلة ما قبل انقطاع الطمث ارتفاع معنوي (p ≤ 0.05) في معدل مستويات الكوليسترول، البروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة، هيموغلوبين A1c معدل مستويات (HBA1c)، الجلوكوز الصيامي في الدم , ومستويات هرمون الاستراديول، ومعدلات مستوى هرمون الانسولين، ومقاومة الانسولين، وحساسية الانسولين وضغط الدم الانبساطي. وفقا لمقارنة مرضى السكري بعد انقطاع الطمث ومجموعة السيطرة بعد سن الياس، كانت هناك اختلافات معنوية (p ≤ 0.05) في معدل مستويات الكوليسترول، البروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة، معدل هيموغلوبين A1c، الجلوكوز الصيامي في الدم , هرمون الاستراديول ومعدلات مستوى هرمون الانسولين، ومقاومة الانسولين وحساسيةالانسولين. اظهرت نتائج تحليل الارتباط وجود ارتباط معنوي (p ≤ 0.05) بين فيتامين (د) مع الدهون الثلاثية والبروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة جدا في النوع الثاني من مرضى السكري. في مرضى السكري قبل انقطاع الطمث، اظهرت نتائج تحليل الارتباط وجود علاقة عكسية معنويه بين فيتامين (د) مع كل من الدهون الثلاثية والبروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة جدا في حين تم العثور على علاقة ايجابية معنوية بين فيتامين (د) والبروتين الدهني عالي الكثافة في مرحلة ما بعد انقطاع الطمث في مرضى السكري. في مجموعة السيطرة بعد انقطاع الطمث تم العثور على علاقة عكسية معنويه بين فيتامين (د) ومستوى السكر الصيامي في الدم. اظهر تحليل الارتباط وجود علاقة معنوية عكسية بين معدلات مستوى الكالسيوم وضغط الدم الانقباضي في مجموعة السيطرة، وبينما في مرضى السكري قبل انقطاع الطمث، اظهرت نتائج تحليل الارتباط وجود علاقة ارتباط معنوية بين الكالسيوم ومؤشر كتلة الجسم، بينما وجدت علاقة معنوية عكسية بين الكالسيوم وكلا من البروتين الدهني عالي الكثافة والعمر بالاضافة الى ارتباط ايجابي معنوي مع الاستراديول في المرضى بعد سن الياس. من ناحية اخرى، في مجموعة السيطرة قبل انقطاع الطمث، تم العثور على ارتباط عكسي معنوي بين الكالسيوم وضغط الدم الانقباضي، في حين وجود علاقة طردية معنوية مع هرمون الانسولين ومقاومة الانسولين. في حين لوحظ وجود علاقة عكسية معنوية في مجموعة السيطرة بعد سن الياس بين الكالسيوم ومستوى السكر الصيامي في الدم ومؤشر كتلة الجسم. هنالك ارتباط معنوي كبير بين هرمون الانسولين مع البروتين الدهني عالي الكثافة والعمر وحساسية الانسولين، في حين كان هناك علاقة طردية معنوية بين الانسولين مع مؤشر كتلة الجسم ومقاومة الانسولين في النوع الثاني من مرضى السكري. في مجموعة السيطرة كانت هناك علاقة ارتباط معنوية طردية بين الانسولين ومقاومة الانسولين، ارتباط معنوي عكسية مع حساسية الانسولين. في كل من مرضى السكري قبل انقطاع الطمث وبعد انقطاع الطمث ومجموعة السيطرة كانت هناك علاقة سلبية كبيرة جدا بين الانسولين وحساسية الانسولين، في حين وجود علاقة طردية معنوية مع مقاومة الانسولين. في مرضى السكري قبل انقطاع الطمث، كانت هناك علاقة ايجابية كبيرة بين الانسولين والدهون الثلاثية , البروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة جدا ومؤشر كتلة الجسم. في مرحلة ما بعد انقطاع الطمث مرضى السكري، كانت هناك علاقة سلبية كبيرة بين الانسولين والهيموغلوبين .A1c ايضا هنالك علاقة طردية معنوية كبيرة بين الهيموغلوبين A1c والسكر الصيامي في الدم في مجموعة السكري. في مجموعة السيطرة كان هناك ارتباط طردي كبير بين الهيموغلوبين A1c والسكر الصيامي في الدم ,وعلاقة عكسية معنوية مع الكولسترول وحساسية الانسولين. وفقا لمجموعة السيطرة قبل انقطاع الطمث، كان هناك ارتباط ايجابي كبير بين الهيموغلوبين A1c والجلوكوز الصيامي في الدم، في حين وجود علاقة عكسية كبيرة مع الكولسترول، الدهون الثلاثية، البروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة جدا وحساسية الانسولين. من ناحية اخرى، في مجموعات مرضى السكري قبل انقطاع الطمث وبعد انقطاع الطمث وجدت علاقة طردية معنوية بين الهيموغلوبين A1c والسكر الصيامي في الدم , وارتباط ايجابي كبير مع الدهون الثلاثية والبروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة جدا في مجموعة ما قبل انقطاع الطمث فقط. اظهرت نتائج التحليل الوراثي لتباين النوكليوتيدات المفردة، للجينات المستقبلة لفيتامين د باستخدام تقنية تفاعل سلسلة البوليميريز - تباين اطوال قطع التقييد ان هناك فرقا غير معنوي في الاشكال الجينية (Apa - I, Fok - I, Taq I - ) و(Estrogen receptor - alpha ) بين المرضى ومجموعة السيطرة باستخدام نفس التقنية اعلاه. بينما وجد فرق معنوي بين المرضى ومجموعة السيطرة وفقا للتغاير الجيني في الجين (CdxII)وفقا الى الجين (Apa - I)، كان النمط الوراثي المتماثل (AA) اكثر تواترا في المرضى الذين يعانون من داء السكري من النوع 2 (41٪) من مجموعة السيطرة ، في حين ان النمط الوراثي المتغاير (CA) اكثر تكرارا في مجموعة السيطرة من المرضى. نتائج الجين (Taq - I)، كان النمط الوراثي المتماثل (TT) اكثر تواترا في مجموعة السيطرة من المرضى الذين يعانون من السكري من النوع 2 ، في حين ان النمط الوراثي المتغاير (TC) كان اكثر تكرارا في المرضى من مجموعة السيطرة. وفقا الى الجين (Fok - I)، كان النمط المتماثل (CC) اكثر تواترا في مجموعة السيطرة من المرضى الذين يعانون من داء السكري من النوع 2 ، في حين ان النمط المتغاير (CT) اكثر تكرارا في السيطرة من المرضى ، والنمط المتماثل (TT) كان اكثر تواترا في المرضى من مجموعة السيطرة بينما الجين (ER_alpha)، كان النمط المتماثل (AA) اكثر تواترا في المرضى الذين يعانون من داء السكري من النوع 2 من مجموعة السيطرة ، في حين ان النمط المتغاير (AG) اكثر تواترا في السيطرة من المرضى ، والنمط المتماثل (GG) كان اكثر تكرارا في المرضى من مجموعة السيطرة | This study aimed to evaluate vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism role and its correlation with the development of diabetes disease and its effect in pre and post menopausal females. Vitamin D receptor gene including ( APA - I, FOk - I, Taq - I and CdxII) and (Estrogen receptor alpha gene) determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) , restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR - RFLP) and Allele specific multiple (ASM - PCR), while the hormones including (Estradiol and Insulin) and the physiological parameters ( Vitamin D, Cholesterol, High density lipoprotein, Triglyceride, Low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, Hemoglobin A1c, Fasting Blood Glucose, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, systolic and diastolic blood pressure). This case - control study was done in a period of March 2016 to October 2016 ,where the samples collected from Al - Sadr Teaching Hospital in Najaf Province. The number of samples was (80) females with type 2 diabetes with an average age (36 - 65 year), all of them were with type 2 diabetes are divided to pre menopause and post menopause, also divided according to duration of disease and according to age groups, family history, body mass index and complications with disease (hypertensive blood pressure). Also, the study included 40 apparently healthy people with an average age ( 36 - 65 year) , as control matched with disease group. The present study divided into two main parts : physiological and molecular parts . The results showed that patients with type 2 diabetes , had significantly( p ≤ 0.05 ) higher cholesterol, Triglyceride, Low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, Hemoglobin A1c, insulin, insulin resistance and Fasting blood glucose levels rate than control group, while the levels rate of insulin sensitivity is decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in type 2 diabetic patients when compared with control group . The Estradiol levels rate was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher in premenopausal females while it decreased in postmenopausal females of both control and type 2 diabetic patients. Systolic and diastolic pressure showed significant difference between patients with type 2 diabetic and control. According to the comparison of premenopausal and postmenopausal women in both diabetic patients and in control group, the results showed significant ( p ≤ 0.05) elevation in Estradiol hormone level rates, Insulin hormone level rates and insulin resistance in both groups. On the other , the comparison of premenopausal patients with diabetic and premenopausal control groups the statistical analysis showed significant elevation (p ≤ 0.05) in cholesterol levels rate, Low density lipoprotein (LDL), HemoglobinA1c levels rate (HBA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), Estradiol hormone level rates, Insulin hormone level rates, insulin resistance ,insulin sensitivity and diastolic blood pressure. The results of correlation analysis in pre menopausal diabetic patients showed there are significant negative correlation between vitamin D with both Triglyceride (TGC) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) while significant positive correlation has been found between vitamin D and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in post menopausal diabetic patients. In post menopausal control group a significant negative correlation has been found between vitamin D and fasting blood glucose (FBG) level.In pre menopausal diabetic patients, the results of correlation analysis showed there were significant positive correlation between calcium and BMI, while significant negative correlation has been found between calcium and both high density lipoprotein (HDL) and age in addition to significant positive correlation with Estradiol in post menopausal diabetic patients.On the other hand, In pre menopausal control group, a significant negative correlation has been found between calcium and systolic blood pressure, while a significant positive correlation with insulin hormone and insulin resistance. While, in post menopausal control group a significant negative correlation has been found between calcium and fasting blood glucose (FBG) level and body mass index. In both premenopausal and postmenopausal diabetic patients and control group there were highly significant negative correlation between Insulin and insulin sensitivity, while highly significant positive correlation with insulin resistance. In pre menopausal diabetic patients, there were significant positive correlation between insulin and Triglyceride (TGC), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and BMI. In post menopausal diabetic patients, there were significant negative correlation between insulin and HBA1c.On the other hand, in premenopausal and postmenopausal diabetic patients groups there were highly significant positive correlation between hemoglobinA1c (HBA1c) and fasting blood glucose (FBG), and significant positive correlation with TGC and VLDL in premenopausal group only. The genetic analysis of the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms , for vitamin D receptor gene by using RFLP - PCR technique showed that there non - significant difference in the genotype polymorphisms of (APA - I, FOk - I and Taq - I) and (Estrogen receptor - alpha gene) between patients and control by using the same technique above, While there were significant differences according to (Cdx - II gene) by using (ASM - PCR) technique. According to (Apa - I gene), the homozygote pattern (AA) were more frequent in patients with type 2 diabetes than control group, While the heterozygote (CA) pattern more frequent in control than patients.The results of (Taq - I gene), the homozygote pattern (TT) were more frequent in control than patients with type 2 diabetes group, While the heterozygote (TC) pattern more frequent in patients than control. According to (Fok - I gene), the homozygote pattern (CC) were more frequent in control group than patients with type 2 diabetes, While the heterozygote (CT) pattern more frequent in control than patients, and the homozygote (TT) pattern was more frequent in patients than control group.While the (ER_alpha gene), the homozygote pattern (AA) were more frequent in patients with type 2 diabetes than control group, While the heterozygote (AG) pattern more frequent in control than patients, and the homozygote (GG) pattern was more frequent in patients than control group

التباين الوراثي في جينات TNF - ?, VEGF - A and IL - 10 المصاحبة لداء الصدفية == Genetic Polymorphism in TNF - ?, VEGF - A and IL - 10 genes associated with Psoriaasis

اسم المؤلف: خالد عبد الكاظم هادي الطائي
اسم المشرف: علي حمود السعدي | وسام علي امين عوض
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدفت هذه الدراسة الى تقصي بعض التغايرات الوراثية لكل من (TNF - α, VEFGF and IL10) لدى مرضى داء الصدفية وعلاقتها بشدة الاصابة باستخدام تقنيات تفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل وتباين اطوال قطع التقيد . بينما قدر مستوى الحركيات المناعية باستخدام تقنية الايلايزا.اجريت هذه الدراسة في الفترة من نيسان 2016 الى اذار 2017، حيث جمعت العينات مرضى داء الصدفية المراجعين لمستشفى مدينة مرجان الطبية، محافظة بابل / العراق. شملت الدراسة 64 عينة لمرضى داء الصدفية 40) ذكر و24 انثى) يبلغ متوسط اعمارهم (9 - 70 سنة)، كما شملت الدراسة 38 شخصا من الاصحاء (21 ذكر و17 انثى) يبلغ متوسط اعمارهم 15 - 65 سنة كمجموعة السيطرة جارت مجاميع المرضى.اظهرت النتائج زيادة معنوية في مستوى كل من TNF - α وIL10 في المصل لدى مرضى داء الصدفية مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة (P<0.01) . كما اظهرت الدراسة ارتباط معنوي بين مستوى TNF - α وشدة الاصابة ( - r=0.49, p=0.0001) بينما كان معامل الانحدار عكسي غير معنوي بين مستوى IL10 في المصل وشدة الاصابة ( - r= 0.29, P=0.0109) , وكان الانحدار عكسي معنوي بين مستوى IL10 و( - r= - 0.29) (p=0.0028) TNF - α. كما اظهرت النتائج ارتفاعا معنويا (P<0.01) في مستوى VEGF في المصل لدى مرضى داء الصدفية مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة بينما كان الانحدارغير معنويا بين مستوى VEGF وشدة الاصابة( - r= - 0.05) .اظهرت النتائج وجود ثلاث انماط وراثية للتغايرات في موقع الجين TNF - α - 308 حيث كانت النسب AA 5 (7.81%) ,AG 24 (37.50% وGG 35 (54.69% في مجموعة السيطرة كانت 10 (26.31%) , 16 (42.11% و12 (31.58% اما توزيع الانماط الوراثية الناتجة من تحليل جين VEGF+405 كان النمط الوراثي CG هو السائد 24 (37.05) لدى مرضى الصدفية والنمط الوراثي CC هو الاقل ظهورا 1 (1.56%).. اضافة الى ذلك اظهر نتائج تحديد تتابع النيكليوتيدات للموقع الوراثي IL10 - 1082 نمطين وراثين حيث كان النمط الوراثي GG هو الاكثر تواجدا لدى مرضى داء الصدفية ( 47.5%) والنمط GA بنسبة (28.5%) مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة التي جاءت جميعها بالنمط الوراثي GG. | Psoriasis is an immune mediated skin disease with a wide - world prevalence involves both genders and different age, it is a multifactorial disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The current study aims to evaluate the association of (Interleukin 10, Tumor Necrosis Factor - α and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) genes polymorphism in psoriasis. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR - RFLP) and DNA sequencing techniques, while there serum levels determined by ELISA. This case - control study is done in a period of March 2015 to December 2017, where the samples collected from Marjan Medical City in Babylon Province. The number of samples was (64) patients psoriasis (40 males and 24 females ) with an average age ( 9 - 70 year), (50) of them were with type 1 psoriasis and (14) type 2. In addition, the study included 38 apparently healthy people who were (21 males and 17 females) with an average age (15 - 65 year), as control matched with disease group. The present study revealed a significant increasing (P<0.01) of Tumor Necrosis Factor - α (TNF - α) and Interleukin 10 (IL10) in patients compare with controls. In addition, there is a significantly regression between severity of disease and TNF - α serum level (r =0.49, p=0.0001) and non - significant invers regression with IL10 serum level (r= 0.29, P=0.0109). In addition, the results established an A significant negative correlation which has been found between IL10 and TNF - α (r= - 0.29) (p=0.0028). Physiological, the study shows significant increasing in Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) level in patient compare with control (P<0.01). There is no correlation between Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) serum level and severity or onest of disease (r= - 0.05).Genetically, analysis of the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms PCR - RFLP genotyping for TNF - α - 308 G/A (rs1800629) SNP, Genotype distribution in patient were GG 35 (54.69%), AG 24 (37.50%) and AA 5 (7.81%) while in control were AG16 (42.11%), GG 12 (31.58%) and AA10 (26.31%).The genetic analysis of the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of VEGF +405 SNP, genotype distribution CC homozygous was predominant in patient 39(60.94%) and GG homozygous was 24 (37.05) While the GCwas the least 1 (1.56%). Comparing with the control group was CG 18(47.37%), CC 13(34.21%) and GG 7(18.42%).On the other hand , the statistical analysis for the role of genotyping for TNF - α - 308 SNP in the Serum levels of TNF - α were different between TNF - 308 AA (126.90 ± 14.96) patients and TNF - α GA(106.55 ± 16.42) and GG (57.94 ± 7.72) genotypes (p < 0.01). Analysis for the role of genotyping for VEGF +405 SNP non - significant difference between homozygous CC (408.30 ± 0.00), homozygous was GG (326.00 ± 34.81) and heterozygous CG (376.41 ± 58.63).This result promotes that the both of TNF - α - 308 SNP polymorphism and VEGF +405 SNP strongly implicated in the pathogenicity, severity and onest of psoriasis.PCR - sequencing for IL10 - 1082 A/G (rs1800896) locus shows a significant difference of percentage distributions of alleles and genotypes for IL10 - 1082 (rs1800896) locus between patient and control, GG homozygous was predominant in patient (71.5%) while the AG heterozygous was (28.5 %). Comparing with control group GG (100%).

تحضير وتوصيف المركبات النانوية ودراسة الفعالية المضادة للبكتريا == Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Synthesized Nanoparticles

اسم المؤلف: علي جبار عبد الحسين رضا الكواز
اسم المشرف: فريال جميل عبد عطية | اياد فاضل محمد القيم
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:

الفعالية الحياتية لبعض مستخلصات النباتات الطبية على بعض انواع البكتريا والتعبير الجيني لانزيمات الكيراتينز المنتج من قبل Trichophyton rubrum == Biological Activity of some Medicinal Plant Extracts on some Bacteria and Gene Expression of Keratinases Produced from Trichophyton rubrum

اسم المؤلف: علي جليل عبيد حسن عينون
اسم المشرف: جواد كاظم عبود علي الجنابي | وجدان رضا محمود محمد تاج الدين
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study aimed to search for safe and effective antifungal agents through investigation of the phytochemical characterization and bioactive properties of medicinal plants (Pimpinella anisum essential oil and Moringa oleifera and Malva sylvestris leaf extracts) and their effect on gene expression of keratinases produced by T. rubrum using Real Time PCR.Phytochemical analysis of active materials of P. anisum essential oil and M. oleifera leaf extracts were carried out, through TLC accompanied autobiography, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and GC - MS analyses were proceeded to relate the chemical profile with their antifungal activity. Also, the cytotoxic effects of active compound and crude extract for both plant extracts were determined using MTT (3 - (4,5 - dimethylthiazol - 2 - yl) - 2,5 - diphenyltetrazolium bromide dye) assay. Screening the antifungal activity of Pimpinella anisum essential oil, Moringa oleifera leaf extracts and four traditional antifungal agents against growth and development of two strains of T. rubrum differed in their virulence were conducted. MIC for crud extracts and antifungal agent were also determined using microdilution plate, moreover, the effects of crud extracts and active compounds on gene expression was evaluated.Qualitative TLC, HPLC analysis for the anise essential oil extract revealed the presence of anethole which was identified as a main volatile compound in this extract which was identified as anethole. GC - MS analysis also revealed that trans - anethole is the major compound (96.8%), then Himachalene (1.84%), other components were also present but less than 1% e.g. Estragole, cyclohexene and 2 - Methoxy - 5 - (1 - propenyl) phenol. On the other hand, LC - MS analysis were showed the existence of that keratinase inhibitor (extracted from Moringa oleifera leaf)IICryptochlorogenicacid (C16H18O9), Astragalin (C21H20O11), so the presences of these compounds reflected the inhibitory effects on keratinase enzyme.The results upon screening, revealed that the anise oil inhibited both strains of T. rubrum, since the growth inhibition for first strain were 21, 30 and 39 mm at 15.6, 31.2 and 62.5 μl/ml respectively, while in second strain were 24, 32 and 39 mm at 15.6, 31.2 and 62.5 μl/ml respectively. The tested strains of this fungus revealed substantial sensitivity pattern toward crude extract of essential oil and anethole as well. Results showed that there was considerable growth inhibition for both strains of T. rubrum at minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) between 15.6 μg/mL for crude oil and 7.5 μg/mL for anethole. The inhibition in radial growth due to the effect of anise essential oil increased from 56% at 3rd day to 86% at the 7th day. Sporulation was substantially decreased by anise oil treatment. Anise oil was significantly inhibited conidial germination for both strains. Treatment with anise oil induced morphological changes in the conidial group where the conidia were absent in treated sample. Protease inhibitor isolated from mature leaves of M. oleifera showed great ability to inhibit keratinase activity of T. rubrum.MTT assay revealed that anethole is safe as phototherapeutic agents, when it is having no effects on normal cell, but shown anticancer activity against cancer cell.Anise oil, anethole, M. oleifera crud inhibitor, Cryptochlorogenic acid and Astragalin showed high inhibitory effects on gene expression of keratinase enzyme in both strains of T. rubrum KP979791 and KP979787.

دراسة مقارنة، مجهرية ، جزيئية، بين الاميبا الحالة للنسيج E. histolytica والاميبا المتغيرة E. dispar في مرضى محافظة بابل == Comparative Study , Microscopic and Molecular , Between Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar in Babylon Patients

اسم المؤلف: شمس حامد كاظم خليل السلطاني
اسم المشرف: ماهر علي جتان القريشي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة الحالية في الفترة من شهر ايلول2015 ولغاية اب 2016 للتحري عن وبائية الطفيليات المعوية الاميبا الحالة للنسيج Entamoeba histolytica والاميبا غير الممرضة Entamoeba dispar بطريقة الفحص المجهري وطريقة تفاعل سلسلة البلمرة PCR والمقارنة بين كلا الطفيليين في بعض جينات عوامل الضراوة السستين بروتينيز 5 وamoebapor A ، Ap - B ، Ap - C . كذلك تضمنت الدراســـــة تقدير تركـــــيز الضــــد الافرازي S - IgA ، وكذلك قياس تركيز الاضداد IgA ، IgG ، IgMفي مصول المرضى والسيطرة.بلغ عدد العينات المفحوصة 200 عينة خروج لمرضى يعانون من الاسهال لفئات عمرية مختلفة تم جمعها من المستشفيات والمراكز الصحية وبعض العيادات الخاصة في محافظة بابل، تم فحص العينات بطريقة المسحة المباشرة وطريقة تفاعل تسلسل البلمرة باستخراج الدنا الخاص بالطفيليات منها ، في مختبرات المستشفيات والمراكز الصحية ومختبر الطفيليات المتقدم في كلية العلوم/ جامعة بابل .اظهرت نتائج الفحص المجهري ان نسبة الاصابة الاجمالية بالطفيليات المعوية اميبا الزحار 20% ) 40عينة) ، بينما بلغت 73% بطريقة تفاعل تسلسل البلمرة في حين كانت نسبة الاصابة 27.5 % لطفيلي E. dispar باستخدام البرايمر الخاص بهذا الطفيلي Ed - 1. وتضمنت الدراسة الحالية ارتباط عامل العمر والجنس ومنطقة السكن واشهر السنة بنسبة انتشار كلا الطفيليين وباستخدام الفحص المجهري وPCR واوضحت نتائج التحليل الاحصائي عدم وجود فروق معنوية في عدد المصابين بين العمر والجنس الريف والمدينة وباختلاف نوع الطفيلي، بينما وجدت فروق معنوية لنسب انتشار كلا الطفيليين حسب اشهر السنة .بينت نتائج الفحص المجهري حسب الفئة العمرية ان اعلى نسبة اصابة بلغت 37.5% للفئة العمرية (1 - 10) سنة ، بينما بلغت اقل نسبة اصابة 2.5 % للفئة العمرية (31 - 40) سنة، في حين اشارت الدراسة الجزيئية الى ان اعلى نسبة اصابة36.36 و41.3 % للفئة العمرية (1 - 10) سنة واقل نسبة اصابة هي 9.09 و3.4% لكلا من طفيلي E. dispar وE. histolytica ، على التوالي.حسب الجنس بلغت اعلى نسبة اصابة لطفيلي E. histolytica للذكور67.5 % في حين كانت في الاناث32.5 %بطريقة الفحص المجهري ، اي كانت اعلى من نتائج الـــ PCR ، اذ بلغت 41% ، 59 % للاناث والذكور على التوالي ، مقارنة بطفيلي E. dispar 73% للذكور اعلى من الاناث 27%.بلغت نسبة الاصابة بطفيلي اميبا الزحار حسب منطقة السكن في الريف 75% اعل من المدينة 25% بطريقة الفحص المجهري ، مقارنة بنتائج الـــ PCR كانت نسب الاصابة في الريف 69% اعلى من المدينة 31% ، بينما لطفيلي E. dispar في المناطق الريفية 64% اعلى من المدينة 36%.وفقا للاشهر السنوية للدراسة كانت الاصابة اكثر شيوعا في يونيو ويوليو 20و 27.5% على التوالي بطريقة الفحص المجهري، واقل نسب في نوفمبر وديسمبر ويناير ومارس بنسبة 2.5% , مقارنة لنتائج الـــPCR لاميبا النسيج كان الاصابة اكثر شيوعا في يونيو ويوليو 16.6 ، 33.3 % على التوالي، وكان اقل تواترا في اكتوبر، نوفمبر، ديسمبر، ومارس 3.3% ، في حين لطفيليE. dispar كان معدل الاصابة مرتفع في مايو ويوليو 36.36% ، واقل في سبتمبر9.09٪، مع وجود فروقات معنوية بين الطفيليات لكلتا الطريقتين.اوضحت نتائج الدراسة الجزيئية ان هناك تغاير في الدنا الخاص بعوامل الضراوة في كلا الطفيليين ، اذ كانت جميع عينات طفيلي اميبا الزحار موجبة للجين البادئ سستين بروتينيز 5 CP5 وكذلك لــ amoebapor A ، Ap - B، Ap - C، في حين لطفيلي E. dispar وجدت سبعة عينات 63.6% موجبة لــ amoebapore A ، وستة عينات 54.5% لــ Ap - B ، وثلاث عينات 27.2% لــ Ap - C، مع وجود فروق معنوية لكلا الطفيليين . اظهرت نتائـــــــــــــــــج الدراسة المناعية وجود فــــــــــــــروق معنوية للمرضــــــى المصابيــــــن بطفيلي اميبا الزحار مقارنـــــــــــــــة مع مجموعــــــــــة السيطــــــــــرة ، وبلـغ مستوى تركيز الكلوبيوليــــن المناعي S - IgA (8.582 ± 0.351) مايكروغرام/ ديسيلتر لطفيلي E. histolytica و(5.213 ± 0.421) مايكروغرام/ ديسيلتر لــ E. dispar و(1.935±0.03) مايكرو غرام/ ديسيلتر لمجموعة السيطرة ، كذلك بلغ اعلى تركيز لـــــ IgA , IgG, IgM (387.9 , 707.4, 294.9) ملغ/دل لطفيلي اميبا الزحار مقارنة مع طفيلي E. dispar مع مجموعــــــــــة السيطــــــــــرة ، مع وجود فروق معنوية للمرضى المصابين باميبا الزحار . | The present study conducted in the period from September 2015 to Augusts 2016 to determination of epidemiology for Entamoeba histolytica and nonpathogenic Entamoeba dispar by microscopic examination and conventional PCR and compromise some virulence factors cysteine proteinase CP5 gene , amoebapore A , Ap - B, Ap - C, for both parasites and estimate immunoglobulin G,A,M, and S - IgA in serum of patientsAll stool samples (200) collected from patients for different ages suffering from diarrhea or bloody diarrhea and attended to some hospitals and medical centers in Babylon governorate . All samples were examined by direct wet preparation method and polymerase chain reaction by extract the parasites DNA, in hospital and medical centers laboratories and the advanced parasites laboratory in the Biology Department / College of Science / Babylon University. The microscopic examination results show out of 40 stool samples had E. histolytica with percent 20% ,in compromise to PCR product infection rate was higher 73% , and for E. dispar 27.5% by Ed - 1 primer specific for this parasite.This study includes the relation of age, gender, and residence for both parasites infection, without significant differences for both parasites, while the annual study months had significant differences for both parasites by two methods . The microscopic study results according to ages group the highest infection percentage 37.5% for ages (1 - 10) year and the lower percentage was 2.5% for ages (31 - 40) year, while by PCR technique higher percentage 41.3 , 36.36 % for ages (1 - 10) , while the lower percentage was 3.4% , 9.09 % for (21 - 30) years, for E. histolytica and E. dispar , respectively . According to the gender, the infection Percentage in male and female 67.5% , 32.5% respectively by microscopic examination ,is higher than infection rate by PCR product 59% , 41%, for E. histolytica respectively, in compromise for E. dispar in male 73 % is higher than female 27 %.E. histolytica infection according to rural regions was 75 % higher than urban regions 25 % by microscopic examination ,in compromise to PCR product ,infection rate in rural regions was 69 % higher than urban regions 31 %, while for E. dispar in rural regions was 64% higher than urban 36 %.According to annual months of the study, the most frequent infection was in June and July 20 , 27.5% respectively by microscopic examination , and lower frequent was in November , December , January and March 2.5%, in compromise to PCR product results for E. histolytica the most frequent infection was in June and July (16.6 , 33.3)% respectively , and lower frequent was in October, November , December , and March 3.3% , while for E. dispar The high infection rate was in May and July 36.36%, and lower frequent was in September 9.09 %, with significant differences between parasites for both methods. For molecular study results, out of (40) stool samples, only (29) sample showed positive for CP5 gene marker for E. histolytica and 11 (27.5%) samples showed negative for this gene, moreover (11) stool samples showed also positive for (Ed) primer which is specific for E. dispar ,all samples of E. histolytica were positive for cysteine proteinase CP5 gene , amoebapore A , Ap - B, Ap - C, while for E. dispar only seven samples 63.6% positive for amoebapore A, six samples 54.5 % for Ap - B, and three samples 27.2% for Ap - C , with significant differences between both parasites virulence factors genes. The level of secretory IgA showed significant differences in patients with E. histolytica compared with control group, The level of secretory - IgA was (8.582 ± 0.351) μg /dL for E. histolytica and (5.213 ± 0.421) μg /dL for E. dispar and (1.935±0.03) for control group.The result of the present study, revealed the concentrations of immunoglobulin IgA , IgG , IgM, (387.9 , 707.4, 294.9 mg/dl), were higher in E. histolytica patients group compared to E. Dispar patients and control group , with a significant differences at p ≤ 0.05 for E. histolytica group
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