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تحويـر المواصفات الريولوجيـة للاسفلـت بالمعالجـة مـع البولـي ستايريـن == Modification of Rheological Properties of Asphalt by Treatment with Polystyrene

اسم المؤلف: ايمان اسماعيـل احمـد
اسم المشرف: عماد عبد القادر فائق صالح الدبوني
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2005
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء الصناعية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الموصل
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اكتسبت المواد الاسفلتية المحورة بالبوليمرات اهمية خاصة خلال السنوات الاخيرة وذلك لارتباطها الوثيق بالمجالات الانشائية والصناعية فضلا عن التغيرات الكبيرة الحاصلة في السلوك الريولوجي للمواد الاسفلتية عند اضافة كميات صغيرة من البوليمر.ونظرا لمحدودية عدد الدراسات حول استخدام البولي ستايرين لتحوير الاسفلت جاءت دراستنا هذه محاولة لتوضيح كيفية تصرف البولي ستايرين مع الاسفلت خصوصا اذا علمنا ما تتمتع به مادة البولي ستايرين من مميزات كونها واحدة من اكثر البوليمرات الثرموبلاستيكية شائعة الاستعمال ورخيصة الثمن بالاضافة الى حجم المشاكل البيئية الناجمة عن تراكم كميات كبيرة من هذه المادة كفضلات.اشتملت هذه الدراسة على : 1 - معالجة كل من اسفلت بيجي المشتق من نفط بارافيني الاساس واسفلت قيارة المشتق من نفط اروماتي الاساس بنسب مختلفة من البولي ستايرين معالجة اذابة فيزيائية، بالاضافة الى المعالجة الكيميائية لاسفلت بيجي مع البولي ستايرين.2 - معالجة اسفلت بيجي بنسب مختلفة من البولي ستايرين المكسر حراريا ، معالجة اذابة فيزيائية ، ومعالجة كيميائية ، وملاحظة تاثير تقليل الوزن الجزيئي للبوليمر على تجانسية الاسفلت.3 - تحضير انظمة اسفلتية بالمعالجة الكيميائية المحفزة مع الكبريت لكل من اسفلت بيجي والقيارة ومن ثم اجراء عمليات التحوير بالبولي ستايرين والهدف دراسة مقدار التمازج Compatibility بين البولي ستايرين والانظمة الاسفلتية المحضرة.4 - اضافة الكبريت بنسبه المختلفة (5%،10%،15%) وزنا الى النماذج المستحصل عليها من المعالجات سابقة الذكر بهدف زيادة قابلية الاذابة للبولي ستايرين في الانظمة الاسفلتية ودراسة المورفولوجي Morphology باستخدام المجهر لملاحظة كيفية توزيع وانتشار البوليمر خلال الاسفلت.5 - تجزئة كل من اسفلت بيجي والقيارة الى مكوناته الاساسية (اسفلتين،راتنجات صلبة،راتنجات لينة) ومعالجة كل مكون من هذه المكونات معالجة كيميائية محفزة مع الكبريت ومن ثم تحويرها بالبولي ستايرين ، ثم يعقبها اضافة الكبريت كل ذلك من اجل ملاحظة اي من هذه المكونات اكثر تمازجا مع البولي ستايرين وتاثرا باضافة الكبريت.وباجراء الدراسات المشار اليها اعلاه وجدنا : * قابلية امتزاج البولي ستايرين بالاسفلت تكون محدودة.* ان خفض الوزن الجزيئي للبولي ستايرين اسهم في زيادة تذاوبه مع الاسفلت الذي ادى بدوره الى الحصول على نماذج اكثر تجانسا.* الانظمة الاسفلتية المحضرة بالمعالجة الكيميائية المحفزة مع الكبريت لكل من اسفلت بيجي والقيارة كانت افضل تمازجا مع البولي ستايرين من الاسفلت غير المعالج كيميائيا.* اضافة الكبريت بنسبه المختلفة (5%،10%،15%) وزنا الى الانظمة الاسفلتية المحورة بالبولي ستايرين وبغض النظر عن طبيعتها ادت الى تحسن تجانسيتها بشكل ملحوظ من خلال زيادة انتشار واذابة البولي ستايرين خلال الانظمة الاسفلتية.* عملية تجزئة كل من اسفلت بيجي والقيارة الى مكوناته الاساسية وتحوير كل من هذه المكونات بالبولي ستايرين ثم بالكبريت اثبتت ان المكون الاكثر ارومية هو الاكثر تمازجا مع البولي ستايرين والاكثر تاثرا باضافة الكبريت ، وهذا ساعدنا في اعطاء تفسير للنتائج التي حصلنا عليها. | Polymer modified asphalts (PMA) became of great interest over the last years, because they are closely related to industrial and constructional fields, as the addition of small amounts of polymer dramatically changes the rheological properties of asphalts. Due to the shortage of studies on polystyrene modified asphalts,the present study is a trial to clarify the behaviour of polystyrene with asphalt.Polystyrene was choosen to modify asphalts due to its properties as a cheap and commonly used thermoplastic polymer,as well as the environ mental problems caused by the huge quantities of its residue.The study includes : - 1 - Treating Beji parafenic asphalt & Qiayarah aromatic asphalt with various percentages of polystyrene as well as chemical reaction between polystyrene and Beji asphalt.2 - Physical & chemical treatment of Beji asphalt with various percentages of thermally cracked polystyrene to establish the effect of molecular weight on the compatibility of polystyrene with asphalts.3 - A preliminary modification of asphalt by a catalyzed chemical reaction with sulphur then the compatibility of these systems with polystyrene were studied.4 - Adding sulphur of different weight percentages (5% , 10% , 15%) to the samples produced by the above mentioned treatments in order to increase the capability of polystyrene to solvate in the asphaltic systems and to study the morphology microscopically to notice the dispersion of polystyrene in asphalt.5 - Fractionating Beji & Qiayarah asphalts into their basic components (asphaltene,hard resins,soft resins) and treating each of these components with sulphur by stimulating chemical treatment. Then ,modified with polystyrene in order to notice which one of these components is the most compatible with polystyrene and the most affected by the addition of sulphur.After conducting the above mentioned studies, it was found that : - * The compatibility of polystyrene in asphalt is limited.* compatibility was increased by decreasing molecular weight of polystyrene.* Better compatibility of polystyrene was obtained with STA.* Adding sulphur with weight percentages (5% , 10% , 15%) to the polystyrene modified asphalt led to increase its homogeneity significantly.* Fractionating of Beji & Qiayarah asphalts into its basic components and modifying these components by polystyrene and then by sulphur proved that the most aromatic component is the most compatible with polystyrene and the most affected component by sulphur in a way that helped in justifying the results of the study.

تحضير بعض المشتقات الحلقية غير المتجانسة الجديدة وبعض متراكباتها مع PVC ودراسة سلوكها الضوئي المحفز == Synthesis of some New Heterocyclic Derivatives and some of their composites with PVC and Study their PhotoCatalytic Behaviour

اسم المؤلف: نور عبد الرزاق عبد اللطيف
اسم المشرف: سعدون عبد الله عودة | عباس جاسم عطيه
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت هذه الدراسة جزئين, الجزء الاول هو تحضيرمركبات عضوية والجزء الثاني هو تحضير مواد متراكبه عضوية - فيزياويةفي مجال التحضير العضوي تم تحضير مركبات حلقية غير متجانسة جديدة باستخدام بارا امينو حامض البنزويك و2 - نفثول كمواد اولية للحصول على الجزيئات الوسطية والجزيئات النهائية المطلوبة، وفقا لمسارات التفاعلات السبعه المذكورة في ادناه. تم تشخيص المركبات المحضرة باستخدام تقنيات الرنين المغناطيسي الهيدروجيني والكاربون 13 وتحليل العناصر والاشعة السينية والاشعة فوق البنفسجية والفلورة والاشعة تحت الحمراء.المسار الاول : تم تحضير مركب الازو [N1] من تفاعل 2 - نفثول وباراامينو حامض البنزويك عند (0 - 5) سيليزي، تفاعل [N1] مع الايثانول المطلق في وجود حامض الكبريتيك المركز ينتج المركب [N2] الذي منه تم تحضير مشتق ثايوسيميكاربازيد [N3].تم غلق المركب 1،3،4 - ترايازول ثايول من مركب [N3] بعد ذلك تم مفاعلته مع هاليدات الكيل مختلفة ]يوديد المثيل, كلوريد الاليل, كلوريد البنزايل[ لانتاج المركبات [N5 - N7].المسار الثاني : استخدم المركب [N4] في هذا المسار كمادة اوليه حيث تمت مفاعلته مع ادوية امينية مختلفة [سيبروفلوكساسين، باراسيتيمول، بسيوفدرين، الثيوفيلين، كلوروديزيبوكسيد وسولفاديازين] لينتج المركبات [N14 - N8].المسار الثالث : في هذا المسارتم مفاعلة المركب [N1] مع ثيوسيميكاربازيد في وجود فوسفوروس اوكسي كلوريد لاعطاء المركب [N15] والذي تمت مفاعلته مع مشتقات الانلين المختلفة لانتاج المركبات [N20 - N15].المسار الرابع : مركبات الالديهايد الاروماتية [N، N - داي ميثيل امين، م - هيدروكسي بنزيلديهايد، 9 - انثرالدهايد، باراكلورو بنزيلديهايد، بنزيلدهايد وتيريفثالدهايد] فوعلت مع 1،3،4 - ثياديازول امين [N15] في الايثانول المطلق لتعطي مركبات شيف [N21 - N26 ].المسار الخامس : تم مفاعلة المركب [N15] مع ثلاثي ايثيل امين وبروميد البروبرجايل في الايثانول المطلق لينتج المركب [N27] الذي تمت مفاعلته مع مختلف الادوية الامينية [سيبروفلوكساسين، باراسيتيمول، بسيوفدرين، الثيوفيلين، كلوروديزيبوكسيد وسولفاديازين] حيث انتجت مركبات [N33 - N28].المسار السادس : في هذا المسار تم مفاعلة المركب الاستر N2] ] مع هيدريت الهيدرازين ليعطى المركب [N34] والذي تم غلقه لاعطاء مركبات حلقية غير متجانسة خماسية وسداسية الحلقة [N35 - N37] عن طريق التفاعل مع الاسيتايل اسيتون, انهيدريد الماليك وانهيدريد الفثاليك، على التوالي.المسار السابع : في هذا المسار تم تحضير بوليمرات محورة متماثلة [N38, 39] من خلال تفاعل (1،2،4 - ترايازول [N4]، 1،3،4 - ثياديازول [N15]) مع بولي كلوريد الفينيل في وجود البيريدين ورباعي هايدروفوران.وايضا تم تحضير البوليمر المحور غير المتماثل [N40] نتج من تفاعل جزيئتين من هذه المركبات (1،2،4 - تريازول [N4]، 1،2،4 - ثياديازول [[N15) مع بولي كلوريد الفينيل بوجود البيريدين ورباعي هايدروفيوران.اما في مجال تحضير المواد المتراكبه الفيزياوية والعضوية يتضمن مايلي : عمل تحوير لسطح اوكسيد الزنك بتطعيمه بالبوليمر المحور [N39] ثم دراسة فعاليتة الامتزازيه وفعالية التحفيز الضوئي له من خلال امتزاز وتكسير الصبغة بسمارك براون جي BBG من المحلول المائي لها على سطح اوكسيد الزنك المجرد وسطح الماده المتراكبه بدرجات حرارية 293و 298و 303 و308 كلفن . حيث كانت الدرجة الحرارية 293 كلفن هي الافضل في كلا الفعاليتين. تم دراسة التكسير الضوئي للمركب [N38] لمدة ستة ساعات بدرجات حرارية (308,303,298) سيليزي. حيث تم دراسة وقياس اللزوجة والوزن الجزيئي والثباتية لهذه المركبات. ووجد ان عملية التكسير الضوئي تزداد مع زيادة زمن التشعيع مع ارتفاع درجة حرارة التفاعل.ايضا تمت دراسة البلمرة الضوئية للمركب [N4] بوجود اوكسيد الزنك وبدرجات حرارية 298,293 ,303كلفن حيث تم الحصول على البولمر المترابط على السطح في هذه العمليه اما البولمر المستخلص فلم يتم الحصول عليه بهذه الطريقه ربما بسبب قوة الترابط بين سطح الاوكسيد والسلاسل البولمريه المتكونه في هذه العمليه علما ان النوع الاول من البولمر هو المهم لانه يعتبر طريقه لتحضير المواد المتراكبه ذات التطبيقات المهمه | This study involves two parts; first part are organic compounds synthesis and the second part are preparation of composites (physical organic) materials. The organic synthesis part, involves synthesis of new heterocyclic compounds using P - amino benzoic acid and 2 - naphthol as starting materials to produce the intermediates molecules and target molecules. This would involve seven routes as they are presented below. The synthesized organic and inorganic materials were characterized using different technique : 1H - NMR, 13C - NMR, CHNS, X - rays diffraction , UV - Visible spectroscopy, UV - Visible fluorescence spectroscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy. First Route : The azo compound [N1] was synthesized from reaction of 2 - Naphthol and p - amino benzoic acid at (0 - 5) ºC, [N1] reacted with absolute ethanol in presence of concentrated sulfuric acid to give [N2] that afforded compound thiosemicarbazide derivative [N3] . Cyclized triazole thiol was prepared from compound [N3] then reacted with different alkyl halides [methyl iodide, allyl chloride, and benzyl chloride] to give compounds [N5 - N7].Second Route : 1 - ((4 - (5 - mercapto - 4H - 1,2,4 - triazol - 3 - yl)phenyl)diazenyl)naphthalen - 2 - ol [N4] was react with dibromo ethane to synthesis compound [N8]. Also compound [N4] was reacted with different amino drugs [ciprofloxacine, paracetemole, pseuphedrine, theophylline, chlorodizepoxide and sulphadiazine] afforded compounds [N9 - N14].Third Route : Compound [N1] was reacted with thiosemicarbazide in presence phosphorous oxychloride to give 1 - ((4 - (5 - amino - 1,3,4 - thiadiazol - 2 - yl)phenyl)diazenyl)naphthalen - 2 - ol [N15] which reacted with different aromatic amines to yield compounds [N16 - N20].Fourth Route : Aromatic aldehyde compounds [N,N - dimethyl amine aldehyde, m - hydroxy benzyldehyde, 9 - Anthraldehyde, p - chlorobenzyldehyde, benzyldehyde and terephthaldehyde] reacted with 1,3,4 - thiadiazole amine [N15] in absolute ethanol afforded Schiff - base compounds [N21 - N26].Fifth Route : Compound [N15] reacted with triethylamine and proprgyl bromide in absolute ethanol to yield 1 - ((4 - (5 - (prop - 2 - yn - 1 - ylthio) - 1,3,4 - oxadiazol - 2 - yl)phenyl) diazenyl) naphthalen - 2 - ol [N27] which reacted with different amino drugs [ciprofloxacine, paracetemole, pseuphedrine, theophylline, chlorodizepoxide and sulphadiazine] afforded compounds [N28 - N33].Sixth Route : 4 - ((2 - Hydroxynaphthalen - 1 - yl)diazenyl)benzohydrazide [N34] was cyclized to give five and six membered ring heterocyclic compounds [N35 - N37] by reaction with acetyl acetone, maleic anhydride and phthalic anhydride, respectively. Seventh Route : In this route modified homo polymers [N38, N39] were synthesized by reaction of (1,2,4 - triazole [N4], 1,2,4 - thiadiazole [N15],) with polyvinylchloride in the presence of pyridine and tetrahydrofuran (THF). And Modified co - polymers [N40] yield from reaction two molecules from these compounds (1,2,4 - triazole [N4], 1,2,4 - thiadiazole [N15]) with polyvinylchloride in the presences of pyridine and tetrahydrofuran. Physical Organic (composites) route involves : This route involves modifying zinc oxide surface by grafting with 1 - ((4 - (5 - mercapto - 4H - 1,2,4 - triazol - 3 - yl)phenyl)diazenyl)naphthalen - 2 - ol - PVC [N39]. The activity of the produced composites was investigated by adsorption of Bismarck Brown G (BBG) at 293, 298, 303 and , 308 K. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared composite was investigated by following removal of BBG dye via photocatalytic degradation of over the surface at 293, 298, 303, and 308 K. From obtained results, it was found that, the best result for both adsorption and photocatalytic dye removal over the surface was noted at 293 K. Studying the photodegradation of 1 - ((4 - (5 - amino - 1,3,4 - thiadiazol - 2 - yl)phenyl) diazenyl)naphthalen - 2 - ol - PVC polymer [N38] for six hours under irradiation with UV light at 298, 303, and 308 K . Change in molecular weight of these materials were investigated from viscosity measurements and from these measurements their relative stability was investigated. Also, this part involves investigating the photocatalytic polymerization of 1 - ((4 - (5 - mercapto - 4H - 1,2,4 - triazol - 3 - yl)phenyl) diazenyl)naphthalen - 2 - ol) [N4] over zinc oxide at 293, 298,and 308 K. This process yields both grafted and extracted polymer and the first type produces composites materials

الدور الوقائي والعلاجي لفيتاميني C وE على الاجهاد التاكسدي المستحث بواسطة الصبغتين الغذائيتين E102و E122 في ذكور الجرذان == Prophylactic and Protective roles of Vitamin C and E on Oxidative Stress Induced by Food Additives E102 and E122 in Male Rats

اسم المؤلف: علي نوري فجر المحنة
اسم المشرف: لمياء عبد المجيد المشهدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: صممت هذا الدراسة لمعرفة تاثير صبغتي الكارمويسين (E122) والتترازين (E102) على بعض المعايير الفسلجية لذكور الجرذان والمتضمنة قياس مستوى فعالية الانزيمات المضادة للاكسدة (SOD وGST وGPx) والحالة التاكسدية (MDA وNO وT - AOC) وانزيمات الكبد (AST وALT وALP) وتراكيز اليوريا Urea والكرياتينين Creatinine ومستويات الكوليسترول Cholesterol والدهون الثلاثية Triglycerides والبروتينات الدهنية عالية الكثافة HDL - c وواطئة الكثافة LDL - c فضلا عن قياس التعبير الجيني لانزيم GSTmu, كما تضمنت الدراسة الجانب النسجي لمقاطع الكبد والكلى والمعدة والامعاء للحيوانات المذكورة بهدف التحقق من الدور الايجابي المحتمل لفيتاميني C وE في التقليل من التاثيرات السلبية للصبغات المذكوره اعلاه.نفذت الدراسة في البيت الحيواني التابع لقسم علوم الحياة/ كلية التربية/ جامعة القادسية ضمن المدة (1/ 11/ 2015) وحتى (1/ 3/ 2016)؛ اذ اشتملت على تجربتين الاولى منها ضمت 66 ذكرا من الفئران البيض الناضجة جنسيا وباوزان تراوحت بين (25 - 30) غم واستعملت بغرض تحديد الجرعة المميتة لنصف عدد الحيوانات (LD50). اما التجربة الثانية فضمت 78 ذكرا من الجرذان البيض البالغة جنسيا وباوزان تراوحت بين (225 - 230) غم ومقسمة عشوائيا الى ثمانية مجاميع بحسب كل صبغة (E122 بتركيز 250 ملغم/ كغم من وزن الجسم وE102 بتركيز 500 ملغم/ كغم من وزن الجسم) فضلا عن فيتامين C بتركيز 50 ملغم/ كغم من وزن الجسم وفيتامين E بتركيز 15 ملغم/ كغم من وزن الجسم, وتم تجريعها عن طريق الفم وكالاتي : • مجموعة السيطرة (C) ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بماء الشرب الاعتيادي لمدة شهرين.• مجموعة المعاملة الاولى (G1) : ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بفيتامين C لمدة شهرين.• مجموعة المعاملة الثانية (G2) : ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بفيتامين E لمدة شهرين.• مجموعة المعاملة (G3E122) : ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بصبغة E122 وG3E102 ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بصبغة E102 لمدة شهرين. • مجموعة المعاملة (G4E122) : ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بفيتامين C لمدة شهرين ومن ثم بصبغة E122 وG4E102 ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بفيتامين C لمدة شهرين ومن ثم بصبغة E102 لمدة شهرين اخرين. • مجموعة المعاملة (G5E122) : ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بفيتامين E لمدة شهرين ومن ثم بصبغة E122 وG5E102)) ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بفيتامين E لمدة شهرين ومن ثم بصبغة E102 لمدة شهرين اخرين.• مجموعة المعاملة (G6E122) : ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بصبغة E122 ومن ثم بفيتامين E و((G6E102 ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بصبغة E102 لمدة شهرين ومن ثم بفيتامين E لمدة شهرين اخرين. • مجموعة المعاملة (G7E122) : ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بصبغة E122 ومن ثم بفيتامين C و(G7E102) ضمت 6 حيوانات جرعت بصبغة E102 لمدة شهرين ومن ثم بفيتامين C لمدة شهرين اخرين. بعد نهاية الفترة المحددة لمعاملة الحيوانات بالتراكيز المختلفة للصبغات والفيتامينات تم وزن الحيوانات ومن ثم تخدريها بمادة الكلوروفورم وسحب الدم منها مباشرة من القلب فضلا عن عزل مصل الدم لاجراء الفحوصات المذكورة اعلاه, بعد ذلك شرحت الحيوانات لغرض تحضير المقاطع النسجية منها, واظهرت النتائج حصول ما يلي : 1 - انخفاض معنوي في مستوى فعالية الانزيمات المضادة للاكسدة (SOD وGST وGPx) والبروتينات الدهنية عالية الكثافة في المجاميع (G3 وG4 وG5) مقارنة مع باقي المجاميع الاخرى.2 - ارتفاع معنوي في مستوى فعالية انزيمات الكبد (AST وALT وALP) ومؤشرات وظائف الكلى (اليوريا والكرياتينين) والكوليسترول والدهون الثلاثية والبروتينات الدهنية واطئة الكثافة في المجاميع (G3 وG4 وG5) مقارنة مع باقي المجاميع الاخرى.3 - ارتفاع معنوي في مستوى فعالية الانزيمات المضادة للاكسدة (SOD وGST وGPx) والبروتينات الدهنية عالية الكثافة وانزيمات الكبد (AST وALT وALP) ومؤشرات وظائف الكلى (اليوريا والكرياتينين) والكوليسترول والدهون الثلاثية والبروتينات الدهنية واطئة الكثافة في المجموعتين (G6 وG7) مقارنة بالمجاميع (G3 وG4 وG5), في حين لم تظهر فروق واضحة عند مقارنتها مع مجموعة السيطرة (C).4 - انخفاض معنوي في التعبير الجيني لانزيم GSTmu في المجاميع (G3 وG4 وG5) مقارنة مع المجموعتين (G6 وG7) التي اعطت ارتفاعا معنويا في التعبير الجيني للانزيم والتي بدورها لم تختلف معنويا مع مجموعة السيطرة (C).5 - تغيرات نسجية مرضية شملت موت وتنخر ونزف في المقاطع الماخوذة من الكبد والكلية والمعدة والامعاء في المجاميع (G3 وG4 وG5) مقارنة مع باقي المجاميع الاخرى التي لم تظهر اختلافات نسجية واضحة فيما بينها. | The current study was designed to determine the effect of carmoisine (122) and tartrazine (102) dyes on some physiological criteria for white rats male and included measuring the level of effectiveness of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GST and GPx), phosphorylation status (MDA, NO and T - AOC), liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP), the concentrations of urea, creatinine and the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL); as well as a measure of gene expression for GSTmu enzyme. Also the study included histology to liver, kidneys, stomach and intestines of mentioned animals in order to verify the potentially positive role of vitamins C and E in reducing from the negative effects to above mentioned dyes.The present study was conducted in the animal house of the department of biology/ College of Education/ University of Al - Qadisiyah within the period (1/11/2015) till (30/3/2016); it included on two experiments; the first experiment which included 66 male of sexually mature white mice with weights between (25 - 30) g and is used in order to determine lethal dose of half the number of animals (LD50). The second experiment included 78 male of sexually mature white rats with weights between (225 - 230) g and divided randomly into eight groups according each dye (E122 a concentration of 250 mg/ kg of body weight and E102 a concentration of 500 mg/ kg of body weight) as well about of vitamin C with concentration of 50 mg/ kg of body weight, vitamin E with concentration of 15 mg/ kg of body weight, as follows : • Control group (C) included 6 animals with doses by ordinary drinking water for six weeks.• First treatment group (G1) : 6 animals included with doses by vitamin C for two months.• Second treatment group (G2) : 6 animals included with doses by vitamin E for two months.• treatment group (G3E122) : 6 animals included with doses by E122 and G3E102 6 animals included with doses by E102 dye for two months.• treatment group (G4E122) : 6 animals included with doses by vitamin C for two months and then E122 dye for a two months. and G4E102 animals included with doses by vitamin C for two months and then E102 dye for a two months.• treatment group (G5E122) : 6 animals included with doses by vitamin E for two months and then E122 dye for a two months. and G5E102 animals included with doses by vitamin E for two months and then E102 dye for a two months.• treatment group (G6E122) : 6 animals included with doses by E122 dye for two months and then vitamin E for two months and G6E102 6 animals included with doses by E102 dye for two months and then vitamin E for two months• treatment group (G7) : 6 animals included with doses by E122 dye for two months and then vitamin C for two months and G6E102 6 animals included with doses by E102 dye for two months and then vitamin C for two monthsAfter the end of the period specified for the treatment of animals by different concentrations of the dyes and vitamins taking the weight of animals and then were Anesthetization and blood draw directly from the heart as well as the blood serum were isolation to conduct the all tests listed above, then the animals were anatomy to purpose of the histological sections preparation, and the results showed the following : 1 - A significant decrease in the level of antioxidant enzymes effectiveness (SOD, GST and GPx) and HDL in groups (G3, G4 and G5) compared with the other groups.2 - A significant increase in the level of liver enzymes effectiveness (AST, ALT and ALP) and indicators of kidney function (urea and creatinine), cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL in groups (G3, G4 and G5) compared with the other groups.3 - A significant increase in the level of antioxidant enzymes effectiveness (SOD, GST and GPx), HDL, liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP), indicators of kidney function (urea and creatinine), cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL in two groups (G6 and G7) compared with groups (G3, G4 and G5), while did not appear significant differences when compared with the control group (C).4 - A significant decrease of gene expression to GSTmu enzyme in groups (G3, G4 and G5), compared with two groups (G6 and G7), which gave increased significantly in the gene expression of the enzyme, which in turn were not significantly different with the control group (C).5 - Histo - pathological changes were included degeneration, necrosis and hemorrhage in the sections were taken from the liver, kidney, stomach and intestines in groups (G3 and G4 and G5) compared with the other groups that are did not appear histological differences among them.

فصل انزيم اللايبوكسيجينيز من مصل الرجال الاصحاء ومعاملة خارجية للانزيم في مرضى الربو == Separation of Lipoxygenase from Sera of Healthy men and in Vitro Treatment of Enzyme in Asthmatic Patients

اسم المؤلف: احمد جياد عباس البرقعاوي
اسم المشرف: عودة مزعل ياسر الزاملي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study is concerned with asthma. Sixty seven asthmatic male patients were examined and tested , their age ranged from 10 - 65 years and they previously diagnosed as asthmatic patient under the physician supervision in AL - Hilla center of Allergy and Asthma . They have the disease for more than five years. Forty patients were examined during the period between July2015 to October 2015, and twenty seven patients were examined during period between June to August 2016, also the control group consisted of sixty seven healthy males ranged from 10 - 65 years.In this study asthmatic patients were divided into three groups according to medication , the first group consisted of (17) asthmatic patients taking antihistamines such as loratadine , citrizine and allermine , while the second group included (24) asthmatic patients taking montelukast , and the third group included (26) asthmatic patients who were on different drugs other than antihistamines and montelukast such as steroids and beta agonists .Five milliliters of blood were obtained from each patient, serum collected absolutely free from hemolysis stored at - 20 °C until uses for measurement of the concentrations of Glutathione, Malondialdehyde, Catalase, Histamine, Serotonin, Lipoxygenase - 5, Leukotriene A4 Hydrolase, total Immunoglobulin E and specific immunoglobulin E.The results revealed that the mean of IgE level (measured by ELISA system)in serum of asthmatic group was (368.16 ±1.772 ng/ml) versus the control group (138.9±2.515 ng/ml) with a significant difference,)P < 0.001(. Asthmatic patients and patients treated with pharmacological drugs such as montelukast and antihistamines showed high sensitivity to some food, animals, plant, palm pollen, fungal and mite allergen and they showed different values between patients and control. The study showed that there is no association between the increased sensitization to food, animal, plant and fungal allergens with age of patients.The present study showed the relationship of count blood cells (WBC and RBC) in studied groups. In all studied groups, WBC values higher than control group while the RBC values showed little differences among all studied groups.According to levels of some variables (histamine, serotonin, LOX - 5 and LTA4H) in asthmatic patients, the results showed a higher mean value of serotonin in asthmatic patients (0.023± 0.004 ng /ml) compared with control group (0.002± 0.001 ng/ml, p˂0.001) In addition the value of histamine was observed high in asthmatic patients (8.511± 0.410 ng /ml)while the control group was (2.565 ± 0.140 ng/ ml) with a significant difference of the mean value of histamine between asthmatic patients and control group (p˂0.001). LOX - 5 level in serum of asthmatic patients was higher (11.080 ± 0. 190 ng/ml) than in control group (9.821 ± 0.203 ng/ml, p˂0.001.The data revealed significant high mean value of LTA4H in asthmatic patients (24.148 ± 0 .450 ng/ml) compared with control group (18.912 ± 0.459 ng/ml, p˂0.001).The result showed that histamine level was increased in the group (>40 years) with a mean value (9.67 ± 4.25 ng /ml ) . While LOX - 5 showed high mean value (11.532 ± 1.274) in the group 20 - 40 years . Also LTA4H enzyme showed high mean value (25.54 ± 3.504 ng/ml)in the group 20 - 40 years , while serotonin appeared with high mean value (0.027± 0.015 ng/ml) in the group (< 20 years) with a significant difference between levels of these variables in each age group (p ˂ 0.001)The mean concentration of an antioxidant, Glutathione(GSH), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum of asthmatic patient and control groups. The mean concentration of MDA increased in asthmatic patients (11.317 ± 1.096 μmol/l) more than control group(8.733 ± 3.756 μmol/l)with a significant difference between these groups (p < 0.05). The mean concentration of GSH increased was in the control (5.106 ± 3.197 μmol/l) more than asthmatic patients(3.905 ± 1.638 μmol/l, p < 0.05).According to the results of the present study, the mean activity of catalase(CAT) was higher (1.555±0.982 U/l) in asthmatic patients when compared with control group(1.173 ± 0.502 U/l, p < 0.05).The current study also concerned with the extrection of lipoxygenase from serum of asthmatic patient and healthy men by taking 15 ml serum from ten asthmatic patients men and 15 ml from serum of ten healthy men. And these quantities of serum were precipitated by ammonium sulfate, The best ratio for precipitating serum and extraction of enzyme is 60%. The anion exchange chromatography was used for extraction of the enzyme. The molecular weight of the extracted enzyme was determined by SDS - PAGE . In this procedure one subunit of the extracted LOXs enzyme showed a molecular weight of 35KD for one chain while a recombinant pure human LOX - 5 showed a molecular weight of 38 KD. The current study used NATIVEN technique for purification of the extracted enzyme obtained from ion exchange chromatography.The results revealed the optimum pH and temperature for LOXs activity and they were 8 and 40°C, respectively.The velocity constant and maximum velocity of the extracted Lipoxygenase enzyme was detected by using PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH SYSTEM, this system had the ability to obtain the relationship between conductivity and concentration (an increase in concentration lead to an increase in conductivity).The extracted lipoxygenase enzyme Km was 2.2mM and Vmax= 140mM/min in asthmatic patients and Km was 2.7mM and Vmax= 135mM/min in controls (by applying Michaelis - Menten equation).While the enzyme Km= 5.5mM and Vmax= 238mM/min in asthmatic patients and Km= 5 mM and Vmax= 208 mM/min in controls (by applying Lineweaver - Burk equation).The extracted LOXs from asthmatic patients and controls was treated with montelukast. The Km and Vmax appeared to have low values Km 3.6mM and Vmax 153mM/min and Km 3.7mM and Vmax 147mM/min, respectively. Also the extracted LOXs from asthmatic patients and controls was treated with molsiodomine, showed low values Km 4.4mM and Vmax 182 mM/min and Km 4.3mM and Vmax 166 mM/min, respectively.

تحضير وتشخيص بعض مشتقات الملئيمات الجديدة الحاوية على حلقات 2 - بايرازولين وبايرمدين - 2 - اون / ثايون ودراسة فعاليتها البايولوجية ثم بلمرتها ذايا او مع بعض معوضات الفاينيل == Preparation And Identification Some New Maleimide Derivatives Containing 2 - Pyrazoline And Pyrimidin - 2 - One / Thione Rings And Study of Biological Activity Then Homopolymerization Or With Some Substituted Vinyl

اسم المؤلف: غزوان حسن عبد الوهاب الصميدعي
اسم المشرف: احمد شهاب حمد الجنابي | خالد مطني محمد الجنابي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الكيمياء
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ترتبط بعض الامراض النفسية مثل مرض الاكتئاب الشديد والفصام بتغيرات مناعية حتى ولو كان الشخص سليم من الناحية الجسمية. على الرغم من ان هذين المرضين لايعتبران حاليا من الامراض المناعية الاساسية لكن توجد ادلة تقترح كون الالتهاب يلعب دورا في عملية الاصابة بالاك | Psychiatric illnesses, particularly major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia, are associated with inflammatory processes even in individuals who are otherwise physically healthy. While it is unlikely that MDD and schizophrenia are a primary inflammatory disorder, evidence suggesting that inflammation plays a subtle role in the pathophysiology of MDD and schizophrenia has been obtained. Several studies have shown that proinflammatory markers have increased in these disorders. However, these studies have included patients with obvious inflammation, i.e., patients with C - reactive protein >6 mg/L. A comprehensive study concluding that these conditions are inflammatory disorders and inflammation is due only to these two disorders have not been performed. In the present study, the inflammatory natures of MDD and schizophrenia were investigated. To achieve this goal, serum levels of the interleukins - 6 (IL - 6) and interleukins - 18 (IL - 18), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF?), and soluble interleukin - 2 receptor (sIL - 2R) in MDD and schizophrenia were obtained and compared with those of the control group. The total serum and ionized levels of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in the studied groups were then measured.Significant increases (p < 0.05) in the serum levels of IL - 6, IL - 18, TNF?, and sIL - 2R in the MDD and schizophrenic groups were observed in comparison with those of the control group. In general, the schizophrenic group showed higher levels of inflammatory markers than the MDD and control groups. These results indicate a clear inflammatory state in both disorders. The schizophrenic patients exhibited significant changes in the ratios of T. Ca/Mg and I. Ca/Mg in comparison with those of the healthy and MDD patients; this finding reveals that T. Ca/Mg and I. Ca/Mg ratios are better indicators of cation state than serum cation levels alone.Basing on the results of the present study, we concluded that the immunological responses of the MDD and schizophrenia are significantly stimulated. These conditions may be considered inflammatory disorders because of increased pro - and inflammatory factors in both disorders.Anti - inflammatory drugs may be potentially used as an adjuvant aid in treating schizophrenia and MDD. Future studies may involve investigating other proinflammatory markers and following up results of treated patients that utilized and did not utilize anti - inflammatory drugs.

تحضير ودراسة طيفية ومعالجة نظرية لمعقدات مزيج ليكاندي مشتقات البنزاميدازول والفينانثرولين

اسم المؤلف: دعاء حبيب محل
اسم المشرف: محاسن فيصل الياس
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء العضوية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • تحضیر
  • حلقیة غیر متجانسة
  • جالكون، بایرازولین
  • ثنائي هایدروبایرمدین - - 2 اون
  • ثنائي هایدروبایرمدین - 2 - ثایون، بولي ایماید
  • فعالیة بایولوجیة
  • موجات فوق صوتیة Synthesis
  • Heterocyclic
  • Chalcone
  • derivatives
  • Pyrazoline
  • Dihydropyrimidin - 2 - one
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: In this study, two new aromatic chalcones have been synthesized. The first one contain one amino phenyl group while the second contain two amino phenyl groups , from the reaction of 2 - acetothiophene or pamino acetophenone with p - or m - amino benzaldehyde respectively by Claisen - Schmidt condensation in alcoholic base medium (10%NaOH ).Also, some of heterocyclic compounds have been derived from these prepared chalcones as a derivatives for 2 - pyrazoline ring and for dihydro pyrimidine - 2 - one/thione as follows : 1 - Preparation of 3,5 - di (amino phenyl ) - 2 - pyrazoline (3,9) derivatives from condensation of (1,2) chalcone with hydrazine hydrate in absolute ethanol.2 - Preparation of 3,5 - di (amino phenyl) - 1 - phenyl - 2 - pyrazoline (4,10) derivatives by the reaction of chalcone (1,2)with phenyl hydrazine in presence of acetic acid.3 - Preparation of 3,5 - di (amino phenyl) - 1 - substituted - 2 - pyrazoline (5 - 7,11 - 13) from the reaction of chalcones (1,2) with semicarbazide, thiosemicarbazide and isoniazide in strong basic medium (45% NaOH) in absolute ethanol.4 - Preparation of 4,6 - di(amino phenyl ) - 3,4 - dihydro pyrimidine - 2 - one / thion (14,15) : from the reaction of chalcone(2)with urea and thiourea in presence of sodium ethoxide in absolute ethanol in two ways : thermal catalyse and ultrasonic waves with high yield for the last one.The phenyl amines derivatives (3 - 7,9 - 15)included benzidine (8) were converted into N - substituted maleimic acid (16 - 28) , by reacted it with maleic acid anhydride in ether or dry acetone.These derivatives (16 - 28) were undergo dehydration by using anhydrous acetic and sodium acetate to give N - substituted malimide products ( 29 - 41) in good yield.Also, the homopolymers (42 - 54) for these malimides were prepared by free radical polymerization with benzoyl peroxide as initiator and dimethyl formamide (DMF) as a solvent at 130 0C. PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com The copolymers (55 - 104)have been prepared by the samemethod and initiator with vinyl acetate for polymers (55 - 67)and with acryl amide for polymers (68 - 72) and with allyl benzene for polymers (73 - 80) and with maleimide (31) for the polymers (81 - 88) , also with maleimide (32) for the polymers (89 - 96) and finally with maleimide (33) for the polymers (97 - 104).The structures of these new compounds were characterized by UV spectra (as a comparable study for unpolymered molecules ),IR (infra - red ) spectra and 1H - NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance ) spectra for some of the prepared compounds and followed by TLC (thin layer chromatography ).The stability of these compounds (9 - 12) were studied spectrally from the changing in its high absorbance values (peaks) ?max for their solutions at concentrations 2×10 - 5M in light and dark with time for comparability. These compounds showed good stability whichcan be suggested to be used as an organic reagents for analytical study especially with drugs and phenolic compounds.More ever, the identification study , here we have studied the heoretical study of formation heat for intermediates and final compounds bodies length of the bond which was agreement with the particularly results.This study ,also includes the biological activity for some of the prepared compounds against four kinds of germs which known by its resistance against antibiotics ,these are Staphylococcus aureus (positive for Gram stain )and Escherichia coli ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonalla typhi (negative for Gram stain ) and studiesy the inhibition values for these compounds comparable with three of standard antibiotics as controls (ampicilline : C1, Cloxacilin : C2, erythromycin : C3) , and the results show the ability of these prepared compounds to inhibit all the used germs except Pseudomonas which shows clear resistant for less polarity comparable with control samples.

تحضير، تشخيص وتقييم بايولوجي لبعض الادوية المصاحبة المشتقة من بعض مضادات الالتهابات غير الستيرويدية == Synthesis , Characterization And Biological Evaluation of Some Prodrugs Derived From Non - Steroidal Anti - Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

اسم المؤلف: مصطفى راجي عايد حمد
اسم المشرف: خالد مطني محمد الجنابي | اياد سعدي حميد الدليمي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء الحياتية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجري هذا البحث لايجاد العلاقة بين العجز الكلوي المزمن ومستويات بعض المتغيرات الكيموحيوية عن طريق قياس مستوى انزيم الرينيين والفيوكوز الكلي (TF), الفيوكوز المرتبط بالبروتين (PBF) , البروتين المرتبطة بالسكريات السداسية (PBHex) وعدد من المتغيرات الكيموحيوية | This study has been done to determine the relationship between chronic renal failure and the level of some biochemical parameters (Rennin enzyme, Total Fucose(TF), Protein bound Fucose(PBF), protein bound Hexose (PBHex), and some other biochemical parameters including glucose , Urea, createnine, Uric acid, High density lipoproteins Cholestrol(HDL - c.), low density lipoproteins Cholestrol (LDL - c.) and electrolytes (Na+, K+ and Ca+2). Case study included (80) patients with chronic renal failure,Who admitted to the Kirkuk General Hospital Department of Dialysis , there ages were (31 - 60 years) of both sexes , patients has been divided into subgroups according to age {(31 - 35),(36 - 40),(41 - 45),(46 - 50),(51 - 550),(56 - 60)}year and severity compared with (45) normal persons as control with same ages, the results was as follows : Results showed a significant increase (P?0.01) in the level of rennin enzyme (5.013±0.052 ng/mL.h) of patients before dialysis compared with control group (2.58±0.32 ng/mL.h) for different age groups, and there was a significant increase slightly for different age groups.There was a significant increase (P?0.01) in the level of TF and PBF (12.14±0.89 mg/dL),(7.450±0.18 mg/dL) respectively compared with control group (28.76±0.03 mg/dL), (2.26±0.27 mg/dL) respectively for different age groups, and there was no significant correlation between age groups or sex.There was significant decrease (P?0.01) in the level of protein bound hexose PBHex, (123.35±0.9 mg/dL) compared with control group (89.76±0.9 mg/dl) for different age groups, and there was no significant correlation between age groups or sex.There was a significant increase (P?0.01) in the level of glucose (5.072±0.13 mmol/L) compared with control group (7.03±0.46 mmol/L) for different age groups, and there was a significant increase for females (7.40±0.7 mmol/L) compared with males (6.84±0.4 mmol/L).There was a significant increase (P?0.01) in the level of urea, uric acid and createnine, (5.66±0.24 mmol/L) , (336.5±1.4 mmol/L) , (90.8±1.3 mmol/L) respectively when compared with control group (34.27±0.9mmol/L) ,(516±1.8 mmol/L), (866±1.9 mmol/L) respectively for different age groups, and there was significant increase for males compared with females.There was a significant increase (P?0.01) in K+ level (5.896±0.05mmol/L) compared with control group (4.253±0.12mmol/L) and there was no significant correlation for males compared with females.There was a significant decrease (P?0.01) in Na+, Ca+2 level, (2.317±0.044 mmol/L), (144.35±1.6mmol/L) respectively compared with control group (1.89±0.046 mmol/L) , (121.00±1.1mmol/L) respectively and there was no significant correlation for different age groups or males and females, while there was a a significant correlation for male (1.979±1.1mmol/L) compared with female (1.768±0.073mmol/L).Result showed a significant decrease in HDL_c in the serum of patients before dialysis (1.263±0.027 mmol/L) compared with control (0.701±0.014 mmol/L) and there was a significant increase in HDL - c for female group compared with male group.There was significant increase in LDL_c in the serum of patients before dialysis (2.946±0.019mmol/L) compared with control (5.1±0.68mmol/L) and there was a significant increase in LDL - c for female (6.30±1.3 mmol/L) compared with male group(5.076±0.023mmol/L).

تحضير وتشخيص بعض مشتقات السكارين العضوية ومعقدات السكارين ومشتقاته الفوسفينية مع بعض الفلزات == Synthesis And Characterization Some of Organic Saccharin Derivatives And Metal Complexes of Saccharin And Its Phosphine Derrivative

اسم المؤلف: عفراء صابر شهاب الزوبعي
اسم المشرف: احمد عبد الحسن احمد الكاظمي | صبحي عطية محمود الجبوري
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء العضوية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمن البحث تحضير عدد من الادوية المصاحبة المشتقة من مضادات التهاب غير ستيرويدية تم الحصول عليها من معمل ادوية سامراء هي الايبوبروفين، الاندوميثاسين، النابروكسين، الاسبرين، الكابتوبريل والايزونوزايد. عملية تحوير ال | In this study, a number of prodrugs have been synthesized starting from Non - steroidal anti inflammatory drugs such as Ibuprofen, Indomethacin, Naproxen, Aspirin, Captopril and Isoniazid. The modification process started from the conversion of carboxyl group which is existing in these drugs (except in Isoniazid) into esters, chlorides and acid hydrazide.The drugs have been linked to each other and to itself via amide linkage through the reaction of their acid chlorides and acid hydrazides to afford 1,2 - diacyl hydrazine derivatives(M17 - M27). Some acid hydrazides have been treated with isophthaloyl chloride to Benzene - 1,3 - dicarbo hydrazide - 1,3 - Bis substituent(M28 - M30). The same hydrazides have been treated with Benzen - 1,3,5 - tri carbonyl tri chloride to afford Benzen - 1,3,5 - tricarbhydrazide - 1,3 - Tris substituent (M31 - M33). Compounds M28 and M29 have been treated with POCl3 to afford Bis - substituent - 5 - phenyl - 1,3,4 - Oxadizole(M34 - M35). Another modification onto drugs has been done through the linking of these drugs with quinazoline nucleus through amide linkage to afford N - (4 - oxo - 2 - phenylquinazolin - 3(4H) - yl)amide - substit derivatives (M38 - M42). Another modification has been carried out through the reaction of hydrazides with Aromatic aldehydes to afford the mono hydrazide - hydrazones derivatives or Schiff's bases (M43 - M65) and di hydrazide - hydrazones derivatives in which two moles from hydrazide have been treated with one mole of dialdehyde(M66 - M73). In addition, new hydrazones have been synthesized through the reaction of hydrazides with Isatin nucleus which is well known as biological active center to afford the compounds (M74 - M77) with good biological activity. Benzodiazepines have been obtained through the reaction of Isoniazid hydrazones with glycene phthalimide and p - aminobenzoic acid(M82 - M92). Indomethacin hydrazones have been treated with acetic anhydride to afford 1 - [2 - (substituent) - 5 - (5 - methoxy - 2 - methyl - 1H - indol - 3 - ylmethyl) - [1,3,4]oxadiazol - 3 - yl] - ethanone derivatives (93 - M97). The Derivatives of 5 - substit - 2 - Mercapto - 1,3,4 - Oxadiazole(M98 - M103) have been obtained through the reaction of the drug hydrazides with CS2 in the presence of KOH. The oxadizoles have been treated with hydrazine hydrate to afford 4 - amino - 5 - sub - 4H - 1,2,4 - triazole - 3 - thiol derivatives for the Non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs(M104 - M107). In addition, 5 - sub - 1,3,4 - Oxadiazole - 2 - amine derivatives have been obtained through the reaction of drug hydrazides with BrCN(M108 - M111). The compound 5 - {1 - [4 - (2 - methylpropyl)phenyl]ethyl} - N3 - phenyl - 4H - 1,2,4 - triazole - 3,4 - diamine (M113) has been synthesized through the reaction of the compound 2 - {2 - [4 - (2 - methylpropyl)phenyl]propanoyl} - N - phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide (M112) with hydrazine hydrate. The ester compound 2 - hydroxyphenyl 2 - [4 - (2 - methylpropyl)phenyl]propanoate (M114) have been obtained through the reaction of Ibuprofen chloride with salicylic acid. The two compounds, 2 - (4 - Isobutyl - phenyl) - propionic acid [1 - (4 - methyl - piperazin - 1 - ylmethyl) - 2 - oxo - 1,2 - dihydro - indol - 3 - ylidene] - hydrazide (M115) and 2 - (4 - Isobutyl - phenyl) - propionic acid [5 - fluoro - 1 - (4 - methyl - piperazin - 1 - ylmethyl) - 2 - oxo - 1,2 - dihydro - indol - 3 - ylidene] - hydrazide (M116) have been obtained through the reaction of M74, M77 with excess of formaldehyde and equimolar of N - methyl piperazine.The synthesized compounds have been identified using Infra - red spectroscopy FTIR, Nuclear Magnetic resonance (1H,13C), Mass spectroscopy and X - Ray. In addition , the changes in physical properties such as melting points, boiling points and color have been considered. Finally, the biological activity of some synthesized compounds has been evaluated and some of them have shown good biological activity especially those containing Isatin nucleus (M74 - M77) and (M115 - M116).

تحضير وتشخيص مشتقات جديدة للاندنول تحمل حلقات غير متجانسة متنوعة == Synthesis And Characterization of New Indole Derivatives Bearing Various Hetero Rings

اسم المؤلف: كاظم ماذي لازم العلياوي
اسم المشرف: جمبد هرمز توما | خالد فهد علي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء العضوية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تتضمن هذه الاطروحة تحضير وتشخيص بعض مشتقات السكارين العضوية ومعقدات السكارين ومشتقاته الفوسفينية مع بعض الفلزات، حيث استخدم سكارينات الصوديوم والسكارين كمواد اولية للتحضير وكما ياتي : 1 - حضر N - كلور اسيتل سكارين (A2) من تفاعل السكارين مع كلور استيل كلور | This thesis include synthesis and characterization of some organic saccharin derivatives and metal complexes of saccharin and its phosphine derivatives are synthesized in this work according to the following : 1. The N - Chloro acetyl saccharin (A2) is prepared from the reaction of saccharin with chloro acetyl chloride, in presence of Et3N in 1,4 Dioxan. The N - (2 - aryl amino) acetyl saccharine (A3 - A9) is synthesized from the reaction of compound (A2) with the substituted amin.The N - (2 - Saccharin - 2yl) acetyl saccharine A(10) is prepared from reaction of two mole saccharin with mole chloro acetyl chloride in presence of Et3N in 1,4Dioxin.2. Mannich Bases (A11 - A26) are prepared from the reaction of saccharin with substituted primary amin and fromaldehyde in methanol.3. N - Hydroxy methyl saccharin (A27) is prepared from the reaction of saccharin with formaldehyde in H2O or EtOH. The N - methylacetat saccharin (A28) is prepared from the reaction of compound (A27) with acetic anhydride in the presence of NaOH.4. (3 - Benzosulfonamide2 - Carboxylicacid2 - yl)2 - imino thiazolidin - 4 - (one) (A29) is prepared from the reaction of compound (A2) with KSCN in acetone.5. N - Benzoyl Saccharin (A30) is prepared from the reaction of saccharin with Benzoyl Chloride in acetone in the presence of NaHCO3.6. N - acetyl Saccharin(A31) is prepared from the reaction saccharin with acetyl chloride in DMF in the presence of Et3N also N - acetyl saccharin (A49) is prepared from the reaction of sodium saccharin with acetyl chloride in DMF. The N - acetyl saccharine is used in the preparation of ? - ? - Unsaturated carbonyl compounds(A50 - A54) through its reaction with substituted benzaldehyde , and also N - acetyl saccharin is used in the preparation of Schiff bass A(55 - 58) through its reaction with substituted amine.7. N - acetonyl saccharin (A32) is prepared from the reaction of sodium saccharin with chloro aceton in DMF. The N - acetonyl saccharin is used in the preparation of Schiff base A(33 - 38) through its reaction with substituted of amine and also N - Acetonyl saccharin is used in the.preparation.of? - ? - Unsaturated.carbonyl.compound(A39 - A45) through its reaction with substituted benzaldehyde.8. N - saccharinato acetic acid (A46) is prepared from the reaction of sodium saccharin with chloro acetic acid in DMF. The N - saccharinato acetic acid used in the preparation of 5 - (N - Saccharin) methyl )2 - amino - 1,2,3 thiadiazol (A47) through its reaction with thio semicarbazide in toluene and also N - Acetic acid saccharin is used preparation of N - ((1H - benzo[d]imidozol - 2yl)methyl) Saccharin (A48) through its reaction with O - Phenyl diamine.9. N - 3 - bromopropyl saccharin (A59) is prepared from the reaction of sodium saccharin with 1,3 dibromopropan in DMF.10. 2 - ChloroN - (4 - (2 - methaoxazol - 5yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)acetamide (A60)is prepared from the reaction of4 - aminosulphamethaoxazol with chloroacetyl chlorid in 1,4dioxan in the presence of Et3N.2 - saccharin - N(4 - (2 - methyloxazol - 5yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl acetamide(A61)is.prepared from the reaction of sodium saccharin with (A6o)in DMF11. N - ethyl acetate saccharin A(62) is prepared from the reaction of sodium saccharin with chloro ethyl acetate in DMF. The N - acetic acid saccharin (A63) is prepared from the acidic hydrolysis of N - ethylsaccharin acetate by HCl , CH3COOH.The N - (acetyl thiosemicarbazide)saccharine(A64) is prepared from in the reaction of thiosemicarbazide with (A62)in acetone.The 5 - ((N - Saccharin )methyl) - 1,3,4 - thiadiaezol A(65) is synthesized in ring closur reaction by compound (A64) by sulfuric acid.12. N - Diphenyl phosphin saccharin (66) is prepared from the reaction of sodium saccharin with chloro diphenyl phosphine in dry ether. The N - diphenyl phosphin saccharin is used in the preparation of the complexe of the type [M CL2L2] , M=Pt(II) , Pd(II), Ni(II), L = Diphenyl phosphin saccharin [A70 - 72] through its reaction with Na2PdCl4 , PtCl2(DMSO)2,NiCl2 - 6H2O in CH2Cl2 or aceton in which N - Phenyl phosphin saccharin Ligands berhaves as amono dentat and coordinat through (P) atom to Metal.13. Aqua saccharin complexes of the type [M(Sac)2(H2O)4] 2H2O , (M=Ni,Co,Fe,Zn,Mn,Cd,Cu)(A73 - 79) are prepared from reaction sodium saccharin with divalent metal ions from (Ni,Co,Fe,Zn,Mn,Cd,Cu) in which saccharin Ligands behave amono dentate and coordinate through (N) atom to metal.Treament of (dppe , dppm) with aqua saccharinat complexes(A80 - A88) in CH2Cl2 gave complexes of this type.The treatment of dppe with aqua saccharinat complexes of the (Cd,Zn,Fe,Mn)(A79,A78 ,A76,A75)give complexes (A80 - A83)of this type [M(Sac)2(dppe)2], the dppe in these complexes coordinate as abidentate. but treatment of dppe with aqua saccharinat of the (Ni,Co)(A73,A74) gave complexes (A84,A85)of this type [M(Sac)2(dppe)], but treatment of dppe with aqua saccharinat complexes of the (Cu)(A77) , gave complexes(A86) of this type [Cu(Sac)dppe]. The treatment of dppm with aqua saccharinato complexes of the (Cd,Zn)(A78,A79) gave complexes (A87,A88) of this type [M(Sac)2(dppm)2].The structure of the synthesized compound are confirmed by I.R , H1 - N.M.R,C13 - N.M.R,Elemental analysis , molar conductivity and some chemical physical data.

تحضيروتشخيص بعض المشتقات الجديدة لثنائي هيدروبريميدينون باستخدام تفاعل بكينيلي ودراسة فعاليتها البايلوجية == Synthesis And Characterization And Biological Activity Study of Some New Dihydropyrimidinones Derivatives Via Application Biginelli Reaction

اسم المؤلف: احمد ماهر فهيم
اسم المشرف: نبيل عبد عبد الرضا
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present work involved synthesis of new indole derivatives containing other heterocyclic ring. These derivatives could be divided into the following parts : 1. The first part involved synthesis and characterization of novel 1,3 - diazidine[XIII]a - d and [XIV]a - d by the following steps : Scheme(1).a. Synthesis of 3 - [(5 - hydrazinyl - 4 - phenyl - 1,2,4 - triazol - 3 - yl)methyl] - 1H - indole [VI], this compound is synthesized by neucleophilic substitution reaction of 1,2,4 - triazole - 5 - thiol compound [V]a with excess of hydrazine hydrate in absolute ethanol as a solvent.b. Synthesis of 2 - {5 - [(1H - indol - 3 - yl) - propyl] - 4 - phenyl - 1,2,4 - triazol - 3 - yl} - thio - acetohydrazide[VIII]b, by the reaction of ester compounds[VII]b with excess of 80% hydrazine hydrate in ethanol under reflux.c. Synthesis of new Schiff bases[IX]a - d and [X]a - d by condensation reaction of primary amino compounds[VI] or [VIII]b with different aromatic aldehyde in absolute ethanol as a solvent.d. Synthesis of new N - acyl derivatives[XI]a - d and [XII]a - d by reaction of acetyl chloride with the synthesized Schiff bases[IX]a - d, [X] a - d in dry benzene.e. Synthesis of 1, 3 - diazetine derivatives[XIII]a - d and [XIV]a - d by addition reaction of compound[XI]a - d or [XII]a - d with sodium azide in dimethylformamid as a solvent at (55 - 60)0C temperature.2 - While the second part involved synthesis and characterization of novel thiazolidine - 4 - one compounds[XXI]a - d and [XXII]a - d by the following steps : Scheme(2).a. Synthesis of 2 - [5 - (2 - methyl - 1H - indol - 3 - yl) - 4H - 1,2,4 - triazol - yl] - thio - ethyl hydrazide[XVIII] by the reaction of ester compound[XVII] with excess of 80% hydrazine hydrate in ethanol under reflux.b. Synthesis of 2 - {5 - [(1H - indol - 3 - yl) - methylene] - 4 - phenyl - 1,2,4 - triazol - 3 - yl} - IXthio - ethylhydrazide[XVIII], by the reaction of ester compounds[XVII] with excess of hydrazine hydrate in ethanol under reflux. Also synthesize new Schiff bases [XIX]a - d and [XX]a - d by condensation reaction of acid hydrazide compounds [VIII]a or [XVIII] with different aromatic aldehyde in absolute ethanol as a solvent.c. Synthesis of new thiazolidine - 4 - one derivatives, [XXI]a - d and [XXII]a - d by refluxing equimolar amounts from Schiff bases[XIX]a - d and [XX]a - d with excess of thioglycolic acid in dry benzene.3. The third part involved synthesis and characterization of new series of thiazolidine - 4 - one [XXVII]a - c and [XXVIII]a - c by many steps reaction as follows : Scheme(3).a. Synthesis of new Schiff [XXIII]a,b, [XXIV]a,b by condensation reaction of acid hydrazide [III]a,b with two types of aromatic aldehyde in absolute ethanol.b. Synthesis of another type from thiazolidine - 4 - one derivatives [XXV]a, b and [XXVI]a, b from the reaction of Schiff bases [XXIII]a,b, [XXIV] a,b with excess of thioglycolic acid in dry benzene. The alkoxy derivatives of compounds [XXVII] and [XXVIII]; 2 - (4 - N - alkoxyphenyl) - 3 - (2 - methyl - 1H - indol - 3 - yl)amido - 1,3 - thiazolidine - 4 - one[XXVII]a - c and 2 - (4 - N - alkoxyphenyl) - 3 - (1H - indol - 3 - yl) acetamido - 1,3 - thiazolidine - 4 - one [XXVIII]a - c were synthesized by the reaction of terminal OH group of compound[XXV]a or [XXVI]a with different n - alkyl bromide in alkaline media.4 - The fourth part involved synthesis and characterization of amide derivatives of 1,3,4 - thiadiazole[XXXI]a - d, [XXXII]a - d and [XXXIII]a - d by the following steps : Scheme(4)a. Preparation of 2 - amino - 5 - (2 - methyl - 1H - indol - 3 - yl) - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole[XXIX] by cyclization reaction of 2 - (2 - methyl - 1H - indole - 3 - carbonyl) hydrazine carbo - thio amide [XV] in conc. H2SO4 under reflux followed by neutralized with liquid ammonia. While 2 - amino - 5 - [(1H - indol - 3 - yl)methyl] - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole[XXX]aand 2 - amino - 5 - [(1H - indol - 3 - yl)propyl] - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole[XXX]b synthesized by cyclization reaction under reflux of indole - 3 - acetic acid or indole - 3 - butric acid with thiosemicarbazide in the presence of phosphorous oxychloride.b. Synthesis of new amide derived from 2 - amino - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole [XXXI]a - d, [XXXII]a - d and [XXXIII]a - d from the reaction equimolar of suitable 2 - amino - 1,3,4 - thiadiazoles[XXIX] and [XXX]a,b with different acid chlorides in DMF and pyridine as accepter.5. The fifth part involved synthesis and characterization of new hydrazones [XXXVII]a - d and [XXXVIII]a - d. These compounds were synthesized according to the follows steps : Scheme(5)a. Synthesis and characterization of 1 - (2 - methyl - 1H - indole - 3 - yl) carbonyl - 3 - methyl - pyrazol - 5(4H) - one[XXXIV] and 1 - [(1H - indol - 3 - yl) ethanoyl or butanoyl] - 3 - methyl - pyrazol - 5(4H) - one [XXXV]a, b by heating under reflux a solution of equimolar from acid hydrazides[III]a - c with ethylacetoacetate in absolute ethanol.b. Synthesis and characterization of 1 - [4 - acetyl - (1H - indol - 3 - yl)ethanoyl or butanoyl] - 3 - methyl - pyrazol - 5 - one [XXXVI]a, b through reaction of pyrazolone derivatives[XXXV]a,b with acetyl chloride in 1,4 - dioxane in presence of calcium hydroxide.c. Synthesis and characterization of novel hydrazones [XXXVII]a - d and [XXXVIII]a - d by the reaction of 4 - acetyl - pyrazolone compounds[XXXVI]a, b with phenyl hydrazine or substituted phenyl hydrazine in ethanol.The synthesized compounds have been characterized by their melting points, elemental analysis (C.H.N) and by their spectral data, FTIR, 1HNMR and Mass spectroscopy (of some of theme).Study of the biological activity of some of the synthesized compounds against Gram - positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram - negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The results showed that most of the tested

تخليق وتشخيص ودراسة الخصائص التفلورية والمضادة لفايروس نقص المناعة المكتسبة لبعض مشتقات البركنينولون الجديدة == Synthesis, Characterization, Fluorescence Properties, Anti - Hiv Activity And Molecular Modeling Study of Some New Pregenolone Derivatives

اسم المؤلف: رواء علاوي كاظم القريشي
اسم المشرف: نجم عبود لعيبي المسعودي | نبيل عبد عبد الرضا
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: نظرا لما تتمتع به مركبات الازو من تطبيقات مهمة في كل من المجالين الاكاديمي والتطبيقي فقد تمحورت دراستنا على تحضير ستة ليكاندات ازو جديدة مشتقة من المركب 5,4 - ثنائي فنيل اميدازول ودراسة السلوك التناسقي لكل منها مع ستة ايونات فلزية هي Co(II) , Ni(II) , C | Azo compounds have important applications in both of academic and applied fields, Accordingly, our study based on the synthesis of azo compounds derived from 4,5 - diphenyl imidazole and characterization of these azo compounds with their metal complexese containing Co(II) , Ni(II) , Cu(II) , Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) ions. Mass Spectra of ligands and their complexes were supported their molecular formula, while H1NMR spectra of ligands agreed well with the suggested structures , The C.H.N. and Atomic absorption analysis showed a good agreement with the calculated values , The purity of ligands and their complexes were examined by TLC and the values of Rf were values measured.Electronic spectra of complexes showed a bathochromic shift comparing to ligands spectra as a result of the coordination between the metal ions and ligands. The concentrations that obeyed Beer - Lambert Law of the complexes were determined from calibration curves , Mole Ratio Method indicate a ratio (1 : 2) (Metal : ligand) for the complexes of (DPEPI) and (DPDED) while other complexes with other ligands show a ratio (1 : 1) (Metal : ligand).Satiability Constants of the complexes were calculated and found that the Stability constants of complexes of the first ligand (DPEPI) were ( 2.955×10 12) >(2.294× 1011 ) <(1.121×10 12 ) < (1.108 ×1011 ) varied in the arrangement as Co(II)< Ni(II) < Cu(II)> Zn(II) which agree with Irving - Williams Series. This arrangement was applied on the complexes of the other ligands. The Conductivity measurements of complexes showed non ionic character. Apparently the magnetic susceptibility values agree with their values of the octahedral high spin complexes for Co(II)) while the complexes of Zn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) were diamagnetic. IR Spectra of complexes showed obvious changes of the frequencies of ? (N=N) of azo group and ?(C=N) of heterocyclic imidazole ring as result of coordination with metal ions, While the frequencies of ?(C=N) of azomethine group did not show any significant change for complexes comparing to the ligands spectra ,New bands were appeared in the region (400 - 500) cm - 1 in the spectra of complexes that due to frequencies of ?(M - N) because of coordination process. From the previous results the purposed structures of the complexes can be summarized as shown in the following : Proposal structure of (DPEPI) Complexes Proposal structure of (DIDHP), (DIDMP),

تحضير ,تشخيص, دراسة فعالية مضادة للاكسدة ومضادة للسرطان لمعقدات الذهب (III) مع مركبات حلقية غير متجانسة == Synthesis ,Characterization ,Antioxidant And Anti - Cancer Activity Studies of Gold (III) Complexes With Heterocyclic Compounds

اسم المؤلف: اية جمال عبد الحميد
اسم المشرف: فراس عبد الله حسن
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمن موضوع البحث تحضير مركبات حلقيه خماسية وسباعية غير متجانسة متنوعة،من خلال اربعة اجزاء هي : الجزء الاول : - تضمن هذا الجزء تحضير مركبات مشتقات 1, 3, 4 - اوكسادايزول من مركب (ثنائي اثيل مالونيت)، كما موضح بالمخطط (1).الجزء الثاني : - تضمن هذا الجزء تحض | This work involves synthesis of different five, and seven membered heterocyclic rings, and divided into four different parts and the reaction steps for each part are summarized as shown below.First part : This part involved the synthesis of 1,3,4 - Oxadiazoles derived from diethyl malonate.Scheme (1).Second part : This part involved the synthesis of Oxazepine , tetrazoles, and thiazolidinone,from 4,4' - ((((methylenebis(1,3,4 - oxadiazole - 5,2 - diyl))bis(3,1 - phenylene))bis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(N,N - dimethylaniline).(Scheme 2).Third part : This part involved the synthesis of 1,1' - (1,4 - phenylene)bis(N - substitutedmethanimine) [C1 - 9] from terephthalaldehyde. (Scheme 3). Fourth part : This part involved the synthesis of 1,3,4 - Oxadiazoles derived from terephthalaldehyde and hydrazone carboxamide.In addition, this part deals with the evaluation of antibacterial activities of some of the synthesized compounds. These activities were determined in vitro using disc diffusion method against four pathogenic strains of bacteria (E.coli a, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Staphylococcus.), the results revealed that some of these compounds showed measurable activity. (Scheme 4).The liquid crystalline behaviors of the two series have been examined by means of hot - stage polarizing microscopy for the determination of phase transition temperatures and the type of mesophases. The prepared compounds are characterized through determining their melting points, colors physical properties) and (FT - IR, 1H - NMR,) spectroscopy, (C.H.N.S, DSC) analysis and checked by T.L.C.

نمط جديد للتحليل بالحقن الجرياني المستمر باستخدام نظام تشعيع متعدد القنوات مرتبة بهيئة مصفوفة خطية واثنان من الخلايا الشمسية لقياس التعكرية لتقدير الفصائل التحليلية ذات الاهمية : دراسة وتطبيق == New Mode of Cfi Analysis Using Multiple Channel Irradiation System In A Linear Array Arrangement With Twin Solar Cells For Turbidimetric Determination of Analytically Interesting Species : Study & Application

اسم المؤلف: عمر اياد ياسين القيسي
اسم المشرف: نغم شاكر تركي العوادي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الفصل الاول : يشمل الفصل الاول مقدمة عن تفاعلات الترسيب، مبادئها، ميكانيكية تكوين الرواسب، انواع الرواسب. وكما يتضمن الفصل الاول مقدمة عن الضوء والنظرية الكهرومغناطسية، وتداخل الضوء مع المادة (الانعكاس، الانكسار، النفاذية، الامتصاص). ناقش الفصل الاول بشكل

التقدير الطيفي لبعض المركبات العضوية المعوضة والمستحضرات الصيدلانية من خلال الاكسدة بايون السيريوم الرباعي باستخدام المحلل الطيفي الدقيق للتحليل بالحقن الجرياني المستمر (Ayah 3S BGR x3 -3D solar cell) == Spectrophotometric Determination of Some Substituted Organic Compounds And Pharmaceuticals Formulation Via Their Oxidation With Ce(IV) Ion Using Ayah 3SBGRx3 - 3D Solar Cell CFIA Microphotometer

اسم المؤلف: مالك حسين علي العلوش العامري
اسم المشرف: نغم شاكر تركي العوادي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء الفيزيائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تم استخدام حسابات ميكانيك الكم التقريبية شبه التجريبية وفق نموذج الحساب PM3)) وحسابات ميكانيك الكم الاساسية التامة غير التقريبية وفق نظرية دوال الكثافة (DFT) وباسلوب B3LYP وعناصر قاعدة 6 - 311G لحساب جزيئة الفلرين التي امتلكت التماثل Ih مع وحدات بناءها (5 | Semi - empirical quantum mechanical methods (PM3) and Density Functional theory calculations (DFT/ B3LYP/ 6 - 311G) were executed to evaluate the fullerene molecule ,the internal coordinates (bond length and angles) and some physical and energetic properties.Calculations of the geometrical Parameters (bond lengths and bond angles), have shown that the (C=C) bond length is increased with increasing the size of the molecule that increased elasticity especially to fullerene to be like a ball. The (C - C) bond length is decreased with increasing the size of molecule, that means fullerene will be more stable than the other molecules.The energetic values (heat of formation) is found to be increased with the increasing of the size of molecule. The total energy is decreased with increasing size of molecule that means the stability will increase with the increasing of the size of unit construction of fullerene molecule , on the other hand , the energetic difference (E HOMO - LUMO) between the higher level of orbital and the lower level of orbital are decreased with the increasing of the size of molecule ' unit construction reaching to the fullerene molecule. So, this property will increase the significance of fullerene in the industrial and the electrical purposes.The vibrational modes frequencies with ( 3N - 6) whereas N is represented by number of molecule atoms which are evaluated with the absorption intensities of infrared frequencies. symmetrical and coordinated modes were discussed at the equilibrium geometric formation by using the programs MOPAC & Gaussian 05.It is worthy to say that it was not mentioned before that the complementary classification for the vibrated motion modes for such molecules , so our evaluations may considered unique. It is noted , as well , that CH stretching frequency has had fluctuations that means increasing and decreasing in the values of frequencies. In connected with the bending vibrated modes which taking place out of plane of the molecule are decreased with the increasing size of the unit constructions of molecule but it is increased only at the fullerene molecule. Conversely, the bending vibrated modes which are taken place in the plane of molecule are increased with the increasing the size of unit construction of molecule but are decreased at the fullerene molecule.The distribution of the electronic charges density on the atoms of unit construction of fullerene molecule were studied, the results shown the absence of the electronic charge on the atoms of Fullerene molecule and its concentrated at atoms of the outer circumferential edges C - Cc for the aromatic rings in its own unit construction. Semi - empirical methods (PM3) and Density Functional theory calculations (DFT/ B3LYP/ 6 - 311G) were carried out to evaluate the vibration frequencies and infra - red (IR) absorption intensities for equilibrium geometries of construction units of (6,0) zigzag (Mono (D6h), Di (D6d), Tri(D6h), Tetra (D6d)) ring layers SWCNTs and the internal coordinates ( bond length & angles ) at the equilibrium geometric formation symmetrically according to group theory were evaluated. The most important notes were axial bond length C - Ca which is decreased with the increasing of the tube length whether odd or even number of ring layers. The length of these mentioned axial bonds will be longer in the outer layers than the middle layers that means the increasing of stability of the tube with its length increasing , with the ability of replacing the external atoms of the tube because they are connected with longer and weaker bonds. The reverse was found with the circumferential bond lengths C - Cc was as they were increased with the increasing length of the tube whether the tube was odd or even in number of ring layers. Moreover , the lengths of these bonds are decreased in the middle side to the outer one for the odd and even ring layers. This will confirm the stability of the tube with its length increasing. The lengths of outer bonds C - H which are situated on the edges of the tube which were approximately fixed , with exception of the bond length of CH bonds in Mono ring layers which were longer because the large negative charge on carbon to which it is bonded and the large positive charge on it compared with the positive charge on hydrogen atoms of the multi - layers tubes. The heat of formation which was found to be increased with the increasing of the length of the tube , that means increasing of the stability and the aromatic properties , with the increasing of number of tube' layers. This property will increase the importance in the uses of these tubes for the industrial and electrical purposes as semi - conductors.The vibrational modes frequencies with 3N - 6 with the absorption intensities of infrared frequencies were evaluated and classified. These modes were discussed in symmetrical and coordinating manners at the equilibrium geometric formation, by using the programs of MOPAC and Gaussian 05 , with confirming on unavailability of bounded specification for such modes with 3N - 6 in the literature. We have a through our studies that the stretching vibration modes of symmetric and anti - symmetric Carbon - Carbon axial bond (C - Ca) increased with the increasing length of tube , and this will increase the physical properties for electrical conductivity with confirming on the significance of nanotube industrially. For the vibrational bending frequencies which are taking place in plane and out of plane of molecule surface as well as the vibrational stretching for odd number of ring layers (Mono and Tri) fluctuation will be happening in the relations , as all of them will be decreased with the increasing of tube ' length except (C - Caasym, C - Casym , ? CHsciss. , ? ringasym , ? ringsym and ? ringsym ) which be increased with the increasing the length of tube. The vibrational bending frequencies which are taking place in plane and out of plane of molecule surface for the even number of ring layers ( Di and Tetra layers ) will be decreased with the increasing of tube' length except (? CHsciss.) which is increased with the increasing of tube' length. Furthermore , all vibrational modes which are related to the puckering , breathing and bending movements of clockwise and anti - clockwise according to "group theory" were determined in accurate manner to which deformations are related , which are happened in the tubes , as a result of vibration, that may prevent the flow of electrons' movements and their transitions. The numerical values for the vibrational frequencies which are resulted from Semi - empirical methods (PM3) were acceptable in comparing with the strict calculations , hopping to achieve best values and to be close to the values obtained for the strict calculations (DFT) method to be suited with the basis and standards that are depended internationally. Some of these values were corrected by multiplied by constant scaling factors for such molecules. The results of scaling were good and very close to the experimental and calculated values.The distribution of charges' density on units of construction atoms of (6,0) zigzag nanotube SWCNTs also were studied. The results were consistent with the physical and experimental conductivity properties for such calculated tubes , as the intensity of the electronic charge was concentrated on the outer circumferential edges of atoms C - Cc for the aromatic molecules as well as for nanotubes with its disappearing form outer side towards the middle side of multi - ring layers ( Mono , Di , Tri and Tetra ).

تحضير وتشخيص عدد من معقدات البلاديوم (??) والبلاتين (II) مع مزيج من ليكاندات الثايويوريا او الحلقات غير المتجانسة الحاوية على الامين مع السكارين او الثايوسكارين == Synthesis And Characterization of Some Palladium (??) And Platinum(II) Mixed Ligand Complexes of Thiourea Or Heterocyclic Amine And Saccharin Or Thiosaccharine

اسم المؤلف: نور عبد المجيد ضياف الدوري
اسم المشرف: صبحي عطية محمود الجبوري | مظهر يونس محمد المهيدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء العضوية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تتناول هذه الاطروحة تحضير المركبات الحلقية غير المتجانسة ذات الحلقة الخماسية مثل معوضات الثايادايازول و3,2,1 - ترايازولين والثايازولدين - 4 - اون والحلقة الرباعية مثل الازتدين - 2 - اون والحلقة الثلاثية الاوكسازردين, فضلا عن تحضير الحلقة السداسية البرمدين | The thesis deals with hetero cyclic compounds with five member rings like thiadiazole substituted 1,2,3 - triazoline and thiazoldine - 4 - one, four member ring like azetidine - 2 - one and three member rings oxazirdine. Synthesis including six member ring compounds like pyrimidin - 2,4,6 - trione in addition to synthesis seven member ring compound like oxazepine are synthesized. In the present work 4 - bromo aniline is used as precursor for the synthesis of the required compound; the 2 - aminobenzothiazole - 6 - bromo (K1) is synthesized from the reaction of 4 - bromo aniline with potassium thiocyanate in presence of bromine, the later (K1) was reacted with ethyl chloroformate to give ethylcarbamate (K2),which is used for the synthesis of urea derivatives (K3 - 8).through (K2) reaction with substituted aniline. Pyrmidin - 2,4,6 - trione (K9 - 14) is synthesized from the reaction of malonic acid with urea derivatives in acetyl chloride.Schiff bases (K15 - 20) are prepared through the condensation of 2 - aminobenzothiazole with substituted benzyldehid. Seven member ring are synthesized by cyclaziation of Schiff bases (K15 - 20) by using malic anhydride in absolute ethanol to give 2 - aryl - 3 - N - 6 - bromobenzothiazole - 5 - 7 - dione oxazepene (K21 - 26). four member ring is prepared from the reaction of Schiff bases(K15 - 20) with chloro acetyl chloride in 1,4 - Dioxane in the presence of tri ethyl amine to give azetidine - 2 - one(K27 - 32). Thiazoldine - 4 - one(K33 - 38) is synthesized from the reaction of Schiff bases(K15 - 20) with thioglycolic acid in the presence of Zinc chloride. The Oxazirdine(K74 - 79) is also prepared from the reaction of Schiff bases(K15 - 20) with 3 - chloro per benzoic acid in pyridine. 2 - (2 - chloroacetamide) - 6 - bromobenzothiazole(K39) is prepared from the reaction of 2 - aminobenzothiazole - 6 - bromo (K1) with chloro acetyl chloride. The compound (K39) is used in the preparation of substituted aryl amino acetyl - 2 - amino - 6 - bromobenzothiazole (K40 - 46) through its reaction with substituted amine. The thiazoldine - 4 - one - 2 - imine (K47) is also synthesized from the reaction of compound (K39) with potassium thiocyanate. The thiazoldine - 4 - one - 2 - imine (K47) is reacted with substituted benzeldehyd to give 2 - (5 - (aryldin) - 2 - imino - 4 - oxo - thiazoldin - 3 - yl) 6 - bromobenzothiazole (K48 - 53).The 2 - (6 - bromobenzothiazole - 2 - ylimino) thiozoldine - 4 - one(K95) is prepared from the reaction of 2 - acetylamino - 6 - bromobenzothiazole(K39) with ammonium isothiocyanate in ethanol 96%. The thiazoldine - 4 - one(K95) is used in the preparation of 2 - (6 - bromobenzothiazole - 2 - ylimino) - 5 - (sub.Methyl) thiozoldine - 4 - one(K96 - 100) through its reaction with various amine and formaldehyde.The aminobenzothiazole (K1) is also used for the preparation of thiosemicarbazide (K54) by its reaction with carbon disulphide. The substituted 1,3,4 - thiadiazole (K55 - 60) is synthesized from the reaction of thiosemicarbazide (K54) with various of carboxylic acids in the presence of phosphorous oxychloride. The aminobenzothiazole (K1) is used in the preparation of aryl ( benzothiazole - 2 - ayl ) dithiocarbamate (K61 - 65) through its reaction with carbon disulphide and arylhalid or alkylhalid in ethanol.The 2 - azido - 6 - bromobenzothiazole (K66) is prepared from the reaction of sodium azide with diazonuim salt ( prepared from the reaction of benzothiazole (K1) with sodium nitrate , hydrochloric acid ). 1,2,3 - triazoline (K67 - 71) are synthesized through the reaction of 2 - azidobenzothiazole (K66) with various olefin in ethanol. The treatment of aminobenzothiazole (K1) with phenyl isothiocyanate gives (6 - bromobenzothiazole - 2 - yl) - 3 - phenylthiourea (K72) which is converted to (6 - bromobenzothiazole - 2 - yl) - 3 - phenyl - 2 - thioxydihydropermidine - 4 - 6 - one (K73) through its reaction with malonic acid in dry. Benzene. The 2 - hydrazinobenzothiazole (K80) is prepared from the reaction of 2 - aminobenzothiazole (K1) with a mixture from hydrazine hydrate and hydrochloric acid in ethylene glycol. Pyrazoline compounds (87 - 92) are synthesized from the reaction of chalcons (K81 - 86) ( which are prepared from the condensation of substituted benzaldehyde with acetophenone in a base medium ) with hydrazino (K80). The hydrazino (K80) is used in the preparation of 2 - amino( - 6 - bromobenzothiazole)isoandole - 1,3 - diaone (K93) and 1 - (2 - amino - 6 - bromobenzothiazole)pyrroline - 2,5 - di - one (K94) through its reaction with phathalic anhydride and malic anhydride in ethanol. For furthur work, the preparation of Schiff bases (K101 - 110) carried out. from the condensation of substituted benzaldehyde with hydrazino (K80) in the presence of glacial acetic acid in ethanol. The 3 - ( - 6 - bromobenzothiazole - 2 - ylamino) - 2 - (sub.aryl) - 5,7 - di - one oxazipene (K111 - 120) are synthesized by cyclazition of Schiff bases (K101 - 110) by using malic anhydride in methanol. Schiff bases (K101 - 110) are also used in preparation of 1 - ( - 6 - bromobenzothiazole - 2 - ylamino) - 4 - (sub.aryl) - 3 - chloro - 2 - oxo - zetidine - 2 - one (K121 - 130) through its rection with chloro acetyl chloride in presence of tri ethyl amine in 1,4 - Dioxan. The 3 - (6 - bromobenzothioazol - 2 - ylamino) - 2 - (substituted aryl)thiozoldin - 4 - one (K130 - 140) is prepared from the reaction of thioglycolic acid with Schiff bases (K101 - 110) in presence of zinc chloride in dry. Benzene. In order to show the antibacterial activity of prepared compounds (k11,k23,k41,k56,k61,k62,k89,k97,k112,k118,k126,k137,k139) are evaluated against four types of common bacteria (Bacillus subtillis, Staphylococcus aureus, Eschershia coli, Klebsiella peneuomina). The result of biological study are compared with standered antibiotic (Ciprofloxacine & Gentamycin). The structure of the synthesized compound are confirmed by I.R, 1H - NMR & 13C - NMR spectra and Some chemical physical data.

دراسة بعض المتغيرات الكيموحيوية على مرضى ضغط الدم

اسم المؤلف: منال عدنان ابراهيم
اسم المشرف: نزار احمد ناجي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2011
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الكيمياء
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يتضمن البحث تحضير مشتقات جديدة للقاعدة النتروجينية البيورينية (ثيوفلين) باضافة مجموعة ازو (Azo group) الى هذه القاعدة حيث تتصل بالطرف الاخر لمجموعة الازو الحلقية حلقة بنزين معوضة بمجاميع مختلفة مثل (SO3H , Br , NO2) وقد حضرت اربعة مشتقات للثيوفيلين1 - SA | This study include synthesis of new derivatives of nitrogen bases purin (theophylline) by adding azo group to these Bases where connecting in the other terminal with Banzen ring substituted by different group like (NO3, Br,...) Four derivatives of the theophylline where these are SAT , BAT , 4NAT , 3NAT these derivatives were used as ligand because of is abitity to from helating complex , these derivatives were reacted with eight metal ions these are (Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, La3+, Ce3+) these complex were characterized by many methods as molarratio, measuring of electrical conductivity electronic spectra , which helped us to find the chemical structure of those complex this study also found that ratio of ligand metal was 2 : 1 this study also include the study of biological effect for these ligand and complexes on four deferent pathogenic species (staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus viridans ) ,(protens vulgaris, pseudomonas aeruginosa ) the two first species are gram positive while the other are gram negative , finally (by using disk diffusion method) it was found that these compounds show different activity of inhibition on other growth of the Becteria.

تطبيقات طريقة استخلاص سائل - سائل للفصل والتقدير الطيفي لبعض العناصر الانتقالية بواسطة معقدات عضوية جديدة == Applcations of Liquid - Liqid Extraction Method For Separation And Spectrophotometric Determiination To Some Transition Metal Elements By New Organic Reagents

اسم المؤلف: احمد ابراهيم حمزة
اسم المشرف: شوكت كاظم جواد
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء الحياتية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة تاثير مرض ارتفاع ضغط الدم على بعض المتغيرات الكيموحيوية في الدم, ومقارنتها مع القيم الطبيعية (مجاميع السيطرة) والبالغ عددهم (125) (47 اناث و72 ذكور) والذين تراوحت اعمارهم بين (21 - 70) سنة حيث تضمن البحث : دراسة 115 حالة مرضية للاش | The present study was carried out to determine the effect of hypertension on some biochemical parameters in the blood compared to that of normal values of healthy subjects in healthy control group(125) (47 females and 72 males) Their ages ranged between(21 - 70) yearsThe study included : - 1 - seventy hypertensive patients(30 females and 40 males)Their ages ranged between (30 - 80) years the following biochemical parameters were included : (Cho, TG, HDL, LDL, VLDL, GOT, GPT, SOD MDA, HbA1C ,LDH, Metall oendopeptidase , leptin )for both hypertensive patients and health subjects as a control. Results of this study have shown a significant increase(p?0.05) in the concentration of cholesterol, triglyceride ,LDL,VLDL compared with control group while high density lipoprotein showed a significant decrease (p?0.05) compared with control groupThe estimation of LDL/HDL ratio showed a significant decrease (p?0.05) compared to that of healthy subjects The study also included the effect of hypertension duration on BMI and age in relation to the concentration of (Cho, TG ,LDL,VLDL,HDL)The study showed increase in the concentrations of (Cho, TG ,LDL,VLDL) while a decrease in the concentrations of high density lipoprotein for all patients compared with that of healthy subjects (control group).A clinical study of Metallo endopeptidase on the serum of healthy and hypertensive patients was carried which has been shown that the activity of this enzyme in healthy subjects does not affect by sex, age, and smoking while there is significant increase in the activity of Metallo endopeptidase in the serum of the hypertensive patients for both sexes at different ages compared with that of control group while there was an increase in the activity of Metallo endopeptidase in relation to the duration of disease the result also demonstrated a significant increase in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in hypertensive patients compared with that of control group.ALT and AST enzyme levels have been estimation in this study which showed a significant increase in the level of AST in hypertensive patients for both normal weight and overweight compared with that of control group, while ALT level showed no significant difference in hypertensive patients for both normal weight and overweight compared with that of control groupAs for Leptin the study has showed a significant increase in the concentrations of leptin hormone in control group of healthy subject (over weight BMI?25) compared with normal weight(BMI?25) for the same group. the concentration of leptin in all hypertensive patients showed an increase level in relation to age &BMIThis study also included the estimation of SOD and MDA in both hypertensive patients and healthy subjects (control group).It showed a significant decrease in the activity of SOD as the duration increases and there was a significant increase in the level of MDA(P?0.05)in hypertensive patients compared healthy group.Finally the level of (HbA1C) was also studied which no significant difference in hypertensive patients compared with that of control group, while there was a signi

دراسات كيمياء الكم لمركبات الروثينيوم العضوية الفلزية == Quantum Chemical Studies of Ruthenium Organometallic Compounds

اسم المؤلف: دريد توفيق عريبي الكنبي
اسم المشرف: محسن عبود محسن العبادي | حسين جاسم محمد
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: There are a wide variety of polyphenolic compounds named flavonids. These are extensively distributed in plants, and they are considered to be dietary antioxidants. They occur naturally in broad range of vegetables, fruits, and primarily recognized as the pigments.Many flavonoids have a metallic ion complexation capacity. The study of this capacity is important because it can be used in producing nutritional supplements, medicine, and heavy metal detoxification.Chelation therapy is the use of chelating agents (complexing agents) to detoxify poisonous metal such as mercury, arsenic, and lead by converting them to chemically inert form that can be excreted without further interaction with the body.Lead is considered as one of the most hazards and cumulative environmental pollutants that affect all biological system through exposure from air, water and food sources. It is toxic heavy metals which are known to induce a broad range of physiological, biochemical and behavioral dysfunction in humans. Because of its perverseness in the environment, lead poisoning still remains an important health problem.The polarographic measurements were carried out using differential pulse polarography (DPP), at hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) at the optimal conditions for flavonoids which were 1M HCl for Quercetin, Rutin, and Hespertin and 0.01M NaOH for chrysin as a supporting electrolyte.A well - defined two electron reversible reduction and diffusion controlled one wave for these flavonoide were observed, a linear relationship between concentration and diffusion current (id) was obtained with the value of correlation coefficient (r2) near to one, this obey Ilkovic equation. The values of n; the number of electrons transferred in the reduction process were obtained from the slop of the straight line corresponding to E vs. log i/id - i.Addition of flavonoides to a solution of Pb (II) ion, show the appearance of a new peak in a more negative potential than Pb (II) peak, with the gradual decrease in id of Pb (II) ion which suggests the complex formation between them.The stoichiometry and the stability constant of Pb (II) complex with flavonoids were calculated by Lingane equation; a plot of ?Ep vs. log [L] give a straight line, the slope of the line allows the determination of the coordination number (p), and the stability constant were determined from the intercept, the stoichiometry of these complexes were (1 : 1) with a stability constant of : Pb - Quercetine (5.5*107) ? Pb - Rutine (1.3*107) ? Pb - Hespertine (4*106) ? Pb - Chrysin (5.4*104)These measurements also includes the determination of the kinetic parameter of the electrode reaction (Kth, ?n) and the thermodynamic parameters such as ?H, ?G, and ?S.The spectrophotometric measurements were carried out in 50% methanol/water for Quercetin and Rutin, 30% methanol/water for Hespertin and in phosphate buffer of pH - 7 for Chrysin.The electronic spectrum of free flavonoides in methanol solution was mainly characterized by an important absorption band at ? 370 nm (band I) and a second one located at ? 256 nm (band II). Upon addition of lead (II) to the flavonoids solution significant changes are observed in the electronic spectra, a bathochromic shift in band (I) to the extent of ? 40 nm and a shift in band (II) to the extent of ? 7 nm, the change in ?max and the change in the intensities of the bands were due to the coordination between flavonoids molecules and Pb (II) ion.The stoichiometry of the formed complexes were investigated by the method of continuous variation and it were found (1 : 1), the stability constant were calculated also and were found to be in the order of ? 105 to 106.Thermodynamic parameters and kinetic studies were also determined which indicates a second order interaction between lead (II) and these flavonoides.Spectroscopic measurements for (EDTA) Complexation with lead (II) were carried out in order to compare its stability constant with that obtained for flavonoides complexes, due to its application in the treatment of metal poisoning.Stability constant of (EDTA) with Pb (II) complex were in the order of 108 which is much more efficient than flavonoides.

تحضير وتشخيص مشتقات جديدة للكوينولين - 2 - اون المعوضة على ذرة النايتروجين وتقييم فعاليتها البايولوجية == Synthesis And Characterization Of New N - Substituted Quinoline - 2 - One Derivatives And Evaluation Of Their Biological Activity

اسم المؤلف: لمى سامي احمد
اسم المشرف: رضا ابراهيم حسين البياتي | محمد رفعت احمد
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء العضوية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
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الملوثات البيئية في نهر الفرات - تقدير وازالة ودراسة ثرموداينميكية وحركية == Environmental Pollutants In Euphrates River - Determination ,Removal And Thermodynamic - Kinetic Studies

اسم المؤلف: محمد تركي خثي الركابي
اسم المشرف: بشرى بشير قاسم | نعيمة احمد حكمت
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
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عزل وتنقية انزيم الميتالوبروتينيز - 1 - الكامن من المرضى المصابين بالتهاب المفاصل الرثوي في محافظة نينوى == Isolation And Purification Latent Metalloproteinase - 1 - From Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis In Nineveh Governorate

اسم المؤلف: زهراء محمد علي احمد حمودات
اسم المشرف: ليلى عبد الله مصطفى عبد الله
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء الحياتية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الموصل
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
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هرمون الاوبستاتين وعلاقته بداء السكر == Obestatin And Its Relation With Diabetes Mellitus

اسم المؤلف: جهان عبد الوهاب محمد علي سليم
اسم المشرف: ذكرى علي علوش
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء الحياتية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الموصل
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
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تاثير التركيب ودرجة الحرارة ومحتوى الرطوبة على التوصيلية الكهربائية لبعض البوليمرات المشتركة بولي (استر - اميد) == The Effect of Structure, Temperature and Moisture Content on the Electrical Conductivity of Some Copoly (ester - amide) Polymers

اسم المؤلف: سعد فاضل محمود جاسم الحيالي
اسم المشرف: يوسف عبد الله شهاب احمد العبيدي | اسعد فيصل خطاب
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء الفيزيائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الموصل
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
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