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التحضير والتشخيص الطيفي ودراسة الفعالية البايولوجية لليكاندي البنزاميدازوليل ازو غير متجانسي الحلقة الجديدين وبعض من معقداتهما الفلزية == Synthesis, Spectral Characterization And Biological Activity Study For New Heterocyclic Benzimidazolyl Azo Ligands And Their Metal Complexes

اسم المؤلف: بان عدنان حاتم
اسم المشرف: خالد جواد العادلي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية العلوم - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: نتيجة للتقدم العلمي الحاصل في مجال صناعة البوليمرات ظهرت الحاجة الى مواد بوليميرية بمواصفات معينة لا يمكن الحصول عليها من نوع واحد من البوليمرات , لذا كانت هناك محاولات لمزج نوعين او اكثر من البوليمرات للحصول على مزيج بوليميري بمواصفات صناعية مرغوب فيها و| As a result of scientific progress made in the field of polymer industry emerged the need for materials polymers with certain features has emerged can not be obtained from one type of polymers, so there have been attempts to blend two or more polymers for combination Self - leveling industrial specifications undesirable and the formation of a physical blends has the common characteristics of basic materials, and this depends on the type of polymers and blending mode. This study included the preparation Ajanta blends of natural rubber with thermoplastics, as follows : 1. Prepare Ajnat of natural rubber by (100phr) has been reinforced and the usual filers used black carbon types (HAFN330, ISAFN220, SAFN110) and adopted ratios (60,50,40,30,20,10 phr), and the results show that the increase in the content of black carbon leads to an increase in the mechanical properties (tensile strength, elastic modulus, hardness) and a decrease in (elongation at break and compressibility), and that the best ratio add was when (50phr) of all kinds of black carbon the study found that the best values of the properties of the species used from black carbon at (50phr) of type (SAFN110).2. Prepare Ajnat of natural rubber by (100phr) has been reinforced and enhanced using filer Nano (black carbon Nano, titanium dioxide Nano) rates (6,5,4,3,2,1 phr) and found that the increase during the study nano filers content leads to an increase in the mechanical properties (tensile strength, elastic modulus, hardness) and a decrease in the elongation at break and compressibility add that the best ratio was (5phr) of all kinds nano filers used. .3. Prepare Ajnat blends of natural rubber with thermoplastics (PP, PE, PS, PVC) adopted the blending ratios (55 / 45,70 / 30,85 / 15 phr), and the study found that an increase in plastics content leads to an increase in the hardness and low in compressibility, has been shown that the best mechanical properties (tensile strength, elastic modulus, elongation, and hardness, and compressibility) was when the proportion of blending (85phr) of natural rubber with (phr 15) of (PP, PS, PVC) and the proportion of blending (70phr) of natural rubber with (30phr) of (PE).4. The results of chemical analysis tests showed that blends prepared characterized by good resistance to chemical solutions (acids and bases) and a decrease in the degree of intumescent greater thermoplastics content ratio of(15phr) to (45phr) Ajnat in combination.5. The results show that the natural rubber blends with polyethylene showed chemical properties and good resistance to chemical solutions best compared with the plastics used in the preparation Ajnat.6. Determine compatibility blends by using technology (DSC) for blends prepared.

تحضير وتشخيص ليكاندات ازو جديدة غير متجانسة الحلقة مشتقة من 5,4 - ثنائي فنيل اميدازول ومعقداتها مع بعض الايونات الفلزية == Synthesis And Characterization of New Heterocyclic Ligands Based On 4,5 - Diphenyl Imidazole And Their Complexes With Some of Metal Ions

اسم المؤلف: اسراء نور كاظم وتوت
اسم المشرف: حسين عبد محمد صالح
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية العلوم - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمن العمل تحضير ليكاندين جديدين من ليكاندات الازو العضويه غير المتجانسه المشتقة من البنزامبدازول الاول هو اليكاند 2'] - 2 - (بنزايميدازوليل) ازو [ - 6,4 - ثنائي كلورو فينول Benzimidazolyl) Azo] - 4,6 - dichloro phenol (BIADClP)) 2 - [2' - والليكاند الثا | This study deals with the preparation of two new ligands from the heterogeneous organic azo ligands drived from Benzimidazol.The first) 2 - [6 - Benzimidazolyl) Azo] - 2,4 - dichloro phenol (BIADClP). The second is 2 - [6 - (benzimidazolylazo)] - 2,4 - dibromo phenol(BIADBrP).The heterogeneous chain in both ligands includes two nitrogen atoms. These two ligands have been identification by the proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (1H - NNMR) ,the mass spectrum, infrared, visibale ultraviolet as well as the analysis of the micro - elements (C.H.N).And two new series of the solid canine complexes for these ligands. The first series includes six solid complexes of the ligand (BIADClP) with the metallic ions Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II). The second series includes the preparation of six solid complexes of the ligand (BIADBrP) with the metallic ions mentioned above. The effect of the solvent and the complexes stsbility have been studied on the prepared ligands with the passage of time starting from the moment of the metallic ion solution reaction with the ligand solution and up to 170 minutes. Also, the stability constants for these complexes have been calculated spectrally by visbale - ultraviolet spectra.All results show that these complexes have high stability. The infrared spectra of the prepared complexes have been studied and when compared with the free ligand spedtra give obvious changes as these spectra show new bands not already found in the spectra of both ligands and this is due to the occurance of the correlation between the metallic ions under study with the donar atoms [the nitrogen atom azo group near the heterogeneous chain (N3) and nitrogen atom benzimidazole molecule (N3) , the oxygen atom of hydroxyl group in the heterogenous chain ] in the ligand molecule whereas the other band suffered from obvious changes in shape, intensity and location and this is a proof on the occurance of consistency process between the metallic ions under study and the tow ligands. Atomic absorption spectrometer is used for assigning percentages of the metallic ions in the prepared complexes as well as the analysis of micro - elements (C.H.N). These results indicate the great consistency between the percentages theoretically calculated and practically gained. The magnetic sensitivity indicated that Ni(II) - complex and Cu(II) - complex for both ligands have baramagnatic characteristics whereas the Co(III) - complex, Zn(II) - complex, Cd(II) - complex, Hg(II) complex have adia magnetic characteristics. Also , the study deals with the molar conductivity of the canine complexes dissolved in DMF nad ethanol in a concentration (1×10 - 3) molar and in lap temperature. The results show that the complexes of Ni(II) , Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) do not have ionic characteristics and they are solution of non - electrolytes nature whereas the complexes of Co(III) and for both prepared ligands (BIADClP) and (BIADBrP) have ionic characteristics of the electrolytes nature of type (1 : 1) whereas other remaining complexes do not have any ionic characteristics. Throughout the results that have been reached at, certain structural forms for the canine complexes have been suggested.It has been indicated that the azo Benzimidazol ligands under study behave as tridentate ligands where the consistency happens through the N atom benzimidazole chain (N3) and N azo group far from the heterogeneous chain (N3) oxygen hydroxyl group of the homogeneous chain which leads to forming canine hexagonal complexes having octahydral as steric form.The hybridization of these complexes is d2sp3 concerning Co(III) - complexes of the ligands (BIADClP) and (BIADBrP) whereas the other complexes have the hybridization sp3d2 with the tow prepared ligands under syudy. Moreover, the study deals with the biological activity of these ligands and metallic complexes in the growth of four types of bacterial spores (germs) by using the solvent DMSO and deployment technology as anti - bacterial such as Staphylococcus aureuse and Staph.lentus representative for Gram positive bacteria and enterobacte and Escherichia coli representative for Gram negative bacteria. It is found that ligands and there complexes have different effect as antidepressants in the inhibition and the growth of bacteria under study wheras the ligand (BIADClP) gave the ability in inhibition of the growth of bacteria more than the ligand (BIADBrO) this is due to the change of substituted group on the homogeneous chain and their different in both ligands which led to the emergence of such difference in the inhibition and growth of bacteria.

دراسة حركية لتاثير بعض المركبات المخفضة للدهون الثيازينات والثياديازول على الكرياتين كاينيز و3 - هيدروكسي - 3 - مثيل كلوتاريل كو انزيم - اي ريدكتيز في امصال مرضى ارتفاع الدهون والفئران المختبرية التي تم حث ارتفاع الدهون فيها == Kinetic Study of The Effect of Some Novel Lipid Lowering Thiazines And Thiadiazole Compounds On Creatine Kinase And 3 - Hydroxy - 3 - Methyl - Glutaryl - Coa Reductase Activities In Sera of Hyperlipidemia Patient’s And Wister Mice With Induced Hyperlipide

اسم المؤلف: تمارة احمد عبد الكريم العبيدي
اسم المشرف: زينب منيب مالك الربيعي | غيد حسان عبد الهادي العبيدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تمثل الستيرويدات فئة هامة من العقاقير الطبيعية وكذلك الصناعية نظرا لقدرتها على اختراق الخلايا واداء بعض الوظائف البيولوجية الاساسية وبشكل رئيسي هي عوامل مضادة للفيروسات ومضادات للاورام. وتقسم الرسالة الحالية على ثلاثة فصول.يمثل الفصل الاول مقدمة عامة حو | Steroids represent an important class of natural as well as synthetic drugs because of their ability to penetrate cells and perform some of the most fundamental biological functions mainly as antitumor and antiviral agents. The present thesis is devided into three chapters.The first chapter represented a general introduction concerning the structures of some potent steroids, and the pathways of the synthetic adrenal steroids as well as their pharmacological importance in medicine, in general. This part is focused mainly also on the pregnenolone as an important potentially active steroid, including its structural modification at the hydroxyl and keto groups at C - 3 and C - 20 and their uses as antitumor agents. Mitsunobu, Suzuki reactions and aldol condensation as well as chalcon formation and their application at steroids have been described. The second chapter is concerned with the experimental work which included different synthetic methodology.The third chapter is the main part of the thesis, described the synthesis of new 3? - pregnenolone ester derivatives at C - 3 via Misunobu reaction of the carboxylic acid derivatives, such as : rhodamin B, indomethacin, naproxen, protocatecuic acid, vanillic acid and p - coumaric acid, which showed inversion in configuration at the ester group at C - 3. In addition, the synthesis of 17 - (4 - chloro - chalconyl)pregnen - 3? - ol has been described, which then treated with various substituted phenylboronic acids such as : 2,4 - difluoro - , 5 - carboxy - 3 - nitrop - ,4 - fluoro, 4 - thiomethyl - , 4 - hydroxy - , 2,4, - dimethoxy - , 4 - trimethylsilyl, 2 - triflouromethyl - , 3 - cyano, 4 - ethoxyphenyl boronic acids under Suzuki cross - coupling reaction conditions using Pd(PPh3)4 as a catalyst and Na2CO3 as a base to give the (E) - 3 - (substituted - [1,1’ - biphenyl] - 4 - yl) - 1 - (3? - hydroxy - pregnen - 17 - yl) - prop - 2 - en - 1 - one. Two compounds, 17 - acetyl - 5 - pregnen - 3? - yl) - 2 - (2,6 - bis(diethylamino) - 9H - xanthen - 9 - yl)benzoate, and 17 - ((E) - 3 - (4 - chlorophenyl)acryloyl) - 5 - pregnen - 3? - yl) - 2 - (2,6 - bis(diethylamino) - 9H - xanthen - 9 - yl)benzoate have been synthesized via coupling reaction using DCC as a coupling reagent to afford these ester with retention in configuration, aiming to study their fluorescence properties. Moreover, tritylation of the pregnenolone has been described to protect the alcohol at C - 3 during the structural modification of keto group at C - 20 under basic medium. The structures of all the synthesized compounds have been assigned from their 1H, 13C, and 2D NMR (HSQC, HMBC, COSY, NOESY) spectroscopy as well the as theoretical calculations of the HOMO and LUMO energies of the trans and cis isomers of the chalconyl pregnenolone aryl derivatives to compare them with the NMR data, which showed that trans isomer is energetically more favoured.Furthermore, the flourescence proroperties of the two rhodainyl pregnenolone esters have been studies which one show remarkable quantum yield (?F) in comparison to Rhodamin B itself.The anti - HIV activity of some arylated chalconyl pregnenolone derivatives have been studies and one of these analogues having diflouro substituents exhibited remarkable activity against HIV - 1 and 2. Therefore, the molecular modeling study of this analogue is performed and showed two hydrophobic interactions and one hydrogen bonding with the amino acids residues of the reverse transcriptase enzyme of HIV.

تحسين حماية التاكل للمعادن (الخارصين، النحاس، الالمنيوم، الحديد الكربوني والحديد المقاوم للصدا 316) في ماء البحر الصناعي باستخدام الطلاء بالمواد النانوية == Corrosion Protection Enhancement Of; Zn, Cu, Al, Carbon Steel And Stainless Steel 316 In Artificial Seawater By Coating With Nanomaterials

اسم المؤلف: رائد عبد شاكر محمود
اسم المشرف: عبد الكريم محمد علي جبر السامرائي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الهدف من هده الدراسة هو تقدير تاثير بعض مشتقات الثياديازول والثيازين الجديدة التحضير على فعالية كل من الانزيمين الكرياتين كاينيز و3 - هيدروكسي - 3 - مثيل كلوتاريل كو - انزيم اي ريدكتيز بالاضافة الى قياس صورة الدهون في مرضى ارتفاع الدهون والفئران المختبرية | The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of some novel prepared derivatives of thiadiazole and thiazine on the activities of creatine kinase (CK) and 3 - hydroxy - 3 - methylglutaryl CoA reductase(HMGR) in addition to lipid profile in sera of hyperlipidemic patients and in mice induced hyperlipidemia by feeding cholesterol rich diet.The study includes two parts; in vitro study : Sixty individuals with age ranged between (40 - 60) years were enrolled in this study. They were divided into two groups; first group (G1) consists of 30 healthy individuals as a control group with body mass index (BMI) (25.67). The second group (G2)consists of 30 patients with hyperlipidemia and BMI (26.48) which diagnosed by physician. The patients attended the Ibn - Al Naphes hospital during November 2013 to February 2014. Patients with high blood viscosity, diabetes mellitus, renal failure as well as those who are under treatment with statins were excluded. The serum which obtained used in the determination of lipid profile[total cholesterol(Tch),triglyceride(TG), high density lipoprotein(HDL - c), very low density lipoprotein(VLDL - c)], fasting blood glucose(FBG), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase(ALT) and C - reactive protein(CRP).Four organic compounds 3 - (4 - (dimethylamino) phenyl) - 2,3 - dihydro - 2 - (3 - nitrophenyl benzo[1,3 - e]thiazin - 4 - one[I], 5 - (4 - imethylamino)benzylideneamino) - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole - 2 - thiol[II], 2 - (4 - dimethylamino)phenyl) - 2,3 - dihydro - 3 - (5 - mercapto - 1,3,4 - thiadiazol - 2 - yl)benzo[1,3 - e]thiazin - 4 - one[III], and N - (4 - (dimethyl amino)benzylidene) - 5 - (isopropylthio) - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole - 2 - amine[IV] were used in this study to test their antihyperlipidaemic ability and their effect on CK and HMGR activities. The results revealed that compounds(III and IV)showed an activation effect in all concentrations on CK and HMGR activities, while compounds(I and II) showed an inhibitory effect in some concentrations for CK and in all concentrations for HMGR. Therefore, compounds (III and IV) were excluded from this study. The results showed that (10 - 4M) for compound I and (10 - 5M) for compounds II give the best inhibition percentage among the other concentrations on CK and HMGR activities which the kinetic study throughout with these concentrations for these compounds. Simvastatin, which considered as standard drug for lipid lowering, was used for comparsion with the potency of compounds I and II on HMGR activity in treatment of hyperlipidaemia. The results showed an inhibitory effect of simvastatin on HMGR activity with percentage inhibition 88%. The effect of compounds (I and II) on ALT and AST were examined in (10 - 4 M) for compound I and (10 - 5M) for compound II in vitro study. The results showed the inhibitory effect of compounds I in concentration (10 - 4 M) and compound II in concentration (10 - 5M) on ALT and AST activities.The Vmax, Km and type of inhibition for compounds I and II on CK and HMGR activities were studied by using Lineweaver - Burk plot. The results showed that also compound I at 10 - 4M was considered to be a noncompetitive inhibitor for CK activity with Vmax values (1000 and 344.82)U/L for uninhibited and inhibited enzyme respectively and Km value (10) mmol/L. The results also showed that compound II at concentration 10 - 5M was considered to be a competitive inhibitor for CK activity with Vmax value (588.23)U/L and Km values (5.51 and 4)mmol/L for the uninhibited and inhibited enzyme respectively.In vitro, the effect of compound (I) with concentration (10 - 4M) and compound (II) with concentration (10 - 5M) were examined in vivo study. The study was carried out with sixty male Wister mice aged seven to eight weeks and theirweight were (180 - 200 g) ,obtained from animal house , in College of Medicine, Baghdad University. The mice were grouped as follow : group one (12 mice) as control group, group(2) : consists of 48 mice in which the mice were daily administered cholesterol (25mg/k/day), in coconut oil 6% and creamy cheese for 28 days. Lipid profile were measured for twelve mice chosen randomly from G2 to diagnosis hyperlipidemia. Then group2 is subdivided into three groups as follows : group (2.A) : (12 mice) as positive control group in which the mice were daily administered simvastatin (40mg /day) as standard drug for hyperlipidemia, group 2B : (12 mice) in which the mice were daily treated with (10 - 4)M of compound (I)via drinking water for 20 days and Group(2.C) : (12 mice) in which the mice were daily treated with (10 - 5)M of compound II for 20 days. The results showed significant elevation in levels of Tch, TG, LDL - c and VLDL - c, while there is significant reduction in HDL - c levels in G2 comparing to control group(G1), after administration of fat rich diet. Simvastatin, compound I with concentration (10 - 4M) and compound II with concentration (10 - 5M) were administrated to G2A, G2B and G2C respectively. Also, the results showed that the activities of CK reduced for group G2B and G2C while it is increased for G2A. The results also showed that the activities of HMGR were reduced in the three treated groups. The results revealed that compounds I and II exhibit more potent antihyperlipidaemic effect than simvastatin. Also, compound I showed more potent antihyperlipidaemic effect than compound II.The results revealed that compounds I and II showed a noncompetitive inhibitor effect on CK with Vmax values(1000and 166.6) U/L for uninhibited and inhibited enzyme respectively and Km value (0.6) mmol/L for compound I, and with Vmax vales (1000 and 250)U/L for uninhibited and inhibited enzyme respectively and Km value (0.84) mmol/L for compound II.In conclusion, the novel synthetic compounds (I and II) seem to be of interest in the development of new antihyperlipidaemic agents that exhibit inhibition effect on CK while statins cause increase in this enzyme. Also these compounds exhibit inhibition effect on HMGR activity more than simvastatin, which is a key enzyme in cholesterol synthesis.

تحضير مركبات عضوية جديدة ذات صفات بلورية سائلة == Preparing of New Organic Compounds With Liquid Crystalline Properties

اسم المؤلف: محمود عبد الستار يحيى القزاز
اسم المشرف: ابتسام خليفة جاسم
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء الفيزيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يهدف هذا العمل لدراسة امكانية طلاء سطوح بعض المعادن مثل الفولاذ المقاوم للصدا 316، الحديد الكربوني، النحاس، الالمنيوم والزنك، بالمواد النانوية لتحسين مقاومة التاكل وذلك باستخدام اثنين من التقنيات، الاولى بواسطة الطلاء بالالياف النانوية لمادة متعدد الانيلي | This work aims to study the possibility of coating the surfaces of some metals such as stainless steel 316, carbon steel, copper, aluminum, zinc, with nanomaterials to improve the corrosion resistance using two techniques, first by coating with polyaniline nanofiber using electropolymerization of aniline monomer and the second technique by TiO2 nanoparticles via sol - gel process starting from titanium isopropoxide. The work focused on getting thin and homogeneous layer to cover the entire surface of the metal and protect it from corrosion in artificial seawater solution (3.5% NaCl) at 293, 303, 313, and 323 K.Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive x - ray (EDX), x - ray photoelectronic spectroscopy (XPS), and x - ray diffraction (XRD) were used to diagnose and describe the structure and morphology of the layers that cover the surface of the metals under investigation, and finally the corrosion parameters ;corrosion potential (Ecorr), corrosion current (Icorr), protection efficiency (PE%), polarization resistance (Rp) and the effect of temperature on the inhibition efficiency in the absence and presence of polyaniline (PANI) or TiO2 coating at temperature ranging from 293 to 323 K were obtained and expressed as; Ea , ?H*, ?S*, and ?G* of all samples were estimated from Tafel plots using potentiostatic technique.The SEM and AFM images of PANI films reflect nanofibers (diameter from 50 to 70 nm); the thicknesses were measured by special AFM scans. They showed values between )700 to 1564 nm(, which may be attributed to the differences in oxidation - reduction potentials of the metals. The XRD patterns of the deposited PANI showed duplicate broad scattering peaks around 2? of 20? and 25?.The AFM images of TiO2 nanoparticles deposited on specimens revealed that the layer was extremely smooth, the particles are small spherical and the average diameter between 26 and 38 nm.The shifts in Ecorr of the uncoated with comparison of the PANI or TiO2 coated samples were small for; S.S316, C.S, Cu, Al, and Zn which means that the anodic and cathodic reactions affected by the same extent.The Rp of the PANI and TiO2 coated substrate was always more than the uncoated ones that attributed to the weak conductivity of PANI and the semiconducting properties of the Titania. All coated metals with PANI or TiO2 exhibited good degree of corrosion protectiveness. For PANI the PE ranged between 56 and 92 % and the best results was achieved for Zn metal this may attributed to the high corrosion values of the bared Zn, while TiO2 coating showed PE at the range of 68 and 93% and the best was for Al metal. The protection efficiencies showed small changes by increasing the temperature but for TiO2 in some cases the PE somehow increased with increasing the temperature. The data showed that the thermodynamic activation functions (Ea and ?H*) of the corrosion of the coated samples are higher than those of the uncoated ones indicating more energy barrier. The entropy of activation ?S* for the uncoated and coated samples are always negative ,this indicates that the activated complex in the rate determining step represents an association rather than a dissociation step, the measured ?G* values takes positive values and showed almost small change with increasing temperature, indicating that the activated complex was not stable and the probability of its formation decreased somehow with rise in temperature and the ?G* values for coated samples reveal that in the activated corrosion complex becomes less stable as compared to the uncoated specimens.Single cyclic potentiostatic tests conducted at 293 K to follow up the pitting probabilities of each metal in seawater before and after coating. The I - V plots indicated that only SS316 and Aluminium specimens suffer from pitting corrosion and the two types of coating reduces the pitting area of the hysterias loop with pushing the pitting potentials for more positive values

دراسة البلمرة الكهروكيمياوية وخواص حماية التاكل لطلاء متعدد البايرول على الفولاذ الكاربوني والفولاذ المقاوم للصدا == An Investigation of Electropolymerization And Corrosion Protection Properties of Polypyrrole Coating On Carbon Steel And Stainless Steel

اسم المؤلف: رواء عباس محمد
اسم المشرف: عبد الكريم محمد علي جبر السامرائي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تم تحضير سلسلة من مشتقات 1, 2, 4 - ترايزول بواسطة تفاعلات الغلق ,حضر حامض البنزويك هيدرازايد (1) بواسطة تفاعل مثيل بنزويت مع الهيدرازين ثم تفاعل المركب (1) مع CS2 في محلول كحولي قاعدي ليعطي ملح البوتاسيوم (2). حضر المركب (3) بواسطة غلق ملح البوتاسيوم (2)م | A series of 1,2,4 - triazole derivatives were synthesized by cyclization reaction, the benzoic acid hydrazide (1) was synthesized by reaction of methyl benzoate with hydrazine hydrate then compound (1) was reacted with CS2 in solution of alkali ethanol to give potassium dithiocarbazinate salt (2) , the basic nucleus 4 - amino - 5 - phenyl - 1 - 4H - 1,2,4 - triazole - 3 - thiol (3) was prepared by cyclization of potassium salt (2) with hydrazine hydrate using water as solvent under reflux condition. compound (3) was subjected to addition reaction with different aromatic aldehydes to synthesize Schiff bases (4a,b) which were cyclized by treating with thioglycolic acid to prepare compounds (5a,b).compounds (6) and (7) obtained by cyclization reaction of compound (3) with urea and thiourea. Also in this research, 1,3,4 - thiadiazole derivatives were synthesized by cyclization of thiosemicarbazied with substituted carboxylic acid and sulphuric acid, to yield 2 - amino - 5 - R - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole (8). Schiff bases formation (9a,b) were by reflux of aromatic aldehyde with 2 - amino - 5 - R - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole (8) in the presence of absolute ethanol. Compounds (10a,b) were prepared by cyclization reaction of compounds (9a,b) with thioglycolic acid.The Synthesized compound were confirmed by their melting point ,FTIR ,U.V - visible ,1HNMR spectra and evaluated for their antioxidant activity by using stable free radical 1,1 - diphenyl - 2 - picryl - hydrazyl DPPH. of all tested compounds. compound (5b) was the most active in all concentrations compared to standard Ascorbic acid with an IC50 value 5.84 ?g/ml. In this study, the cytotoxic effects for compounds (5a),(5b),(6),(7),(10a),(10b) were studied in one cultured cellular models (MCF7 cell line) breast cancer (at different concentration) compared to doxorubicin as positive control by cell viability assay (MMT assay), compound (5b) showed the highest cytotoxicity effect with an IC50 value =56.98?g/ml.Also, we examine the cytotoxic effects of gold III complex (AuL2) of bi - dentate ligand (5a) in one cultured cellular models (MCF7 cell line) by High Content Screening and analysis (HCS). The inhibitory effect of AuL2 on breast cancer cell growth was due to induction of apoptosis as evidenced by Annexin V staining and cell shrinkage. We found that AuL2 - mediated lead to disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cell membrane permeability, and release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol. suggesting (AuL2 ) as a potential MCF7 inhibitor. Thus, we suggest that (AuL2) may have therapeutic value in breast cancer treatment worthy of further development. Bis(2 - (4 - Dimethylamino - phenyl) - 3 - (3 - mercapto - 5 - phenyl - [1,2,4]triazol - 4 - yl) - thiazolidin - 4 - one)gold(III) chloride. monohydrate

تحضير وتشخيص المركبات الحلقية غير المتجانسة الجديدة والمشتقة من الجالكونات == Synthesis And Characterization of New Heterocyclic Compounds Derived From Chalcones

اسم المؤلف: نبراس مظفر جميل
اسم المشرف: جمبد هرمز توما | ضحى فاروق حسين
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء الفيزيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يتقصى البحث امكانية الحصول على طبقة طلاء رقيقة ومتجانسة لبوليمر البايرول على بعض السبائك مثل الفولاذ المقاوم للصدا 316 والفولاذ الكربوني بواسطة البلمرة الكهروكيميائية لمونمر البايرول ودراسة امكانية تحسين مقاومة التاكل في مختلف الاوساط البيئية مثل المياه ا | This research focuses on getting thin and homogeneous polypyrrole (PPy) layer on carbon steel (45) and stainless steel (316) alloys by electropolymeriztion procedure of pyrrole monomer, and study the possibility of improving the corrosion resistance in different medias; saline water (3.5% NaCl), acidic media (1M H2SO4) and basic media (1M NaOH) at different temperature of 293, 303, 313 and 323 K. The deposited PPy layer on samples under investigation were examined by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Visible and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy (UV - Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT - IR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and X - Ray Diffraction (XRD).The corrosion parameters are including corrosion potential (Ecorr), corrosion current (icorr), protection efficiency (%PE), polarization resistance (Rp) and the effect of temperature on the inhibition efficiency in the absence and in the presence of PPy coating at temperature ranging from 293 to 323K were obtained and expressed as; Ea, ?H*, ?S*, and ?G* of all samples were estimated from Tafel plots using potentiostatic technique.The SEM and AFM images of PPy films revealed a nanofiber like structure; diameter from 20 to 120 nm, the thicknesses were measured by gravimetric and special AFM scans, they showed values between 1300 to 1450 nm. UV - Vis studies showed that the PPy films exhibit weaker absorption peak at 477 nm and stronger absorption peak at 906 nm and the XRD patterns of the deposited PPy show two peaks around 2? of (43o) and (50o).The shift in Ecorr of the uncoated and of the PPy coated samples are between ( - 600 to - 200 mV) and ( - 200 to 100mV) for CS and SS316 respectively.The protection effectiveness of all PPy coated specimens showed remarkable degree of enhancement, and the %PE ranged between (30 to 80%) for CS and (78 to 96%) for SS316 in all medias.The values of Ea and ?H* of the coated PPy metals are always higher than the uncoated ones which indicate more energy barrier. The negative entropy ?S* for the uncoated and coated samples indicates that the activated complex in the rate determining step represents an association rather than a dissociation step, the measured ?G* values takes positive values and showed almost small change with increasing temperature, indicating that the activated complex was not stable and the probability of its formation decreased somehow with rise in temperature and the ?G* values for coated samples reveal that in the activated corrosion complex becomes less stable as compared to the uncoated specimens.Single cyclic potentiodynamic tests conducted at 293 K to follow up the pitting probabilities of each alloy in all medias before and after coating, the I - V plots indicated that only SS316 in salty media specimens suffer from pitting corrosion and the PPy coating reduces the pitting area of the hysterias loop with pushing the pitting potentials for more positive values

التقديرات الطيفية للمركبات الاحادية والمتعددة للادوية == Spectrophotometric Determination For Single And Multi Components of Drugs

اسم المؤلف: مروه صباح يونس
اسم المشرف: خالدة حميد محمد السعيدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يتضمن هذا البحث تحضير مشتقات جديدة لنوعين من قواعد شف هما نوع وكذلك [XI]a - d والبايارازولون [X]a - d ومشتقات البايارازول، [XIII]a - d و[XII]a - d ونوع جميعها تحتوي على وحدةالايزوكزولين او البيرمدين باستعمال الجالكون [VII]a - d الكوينولين - مادة اساسية. | The work involves synthesis of new two types from Schiff bases ([IV]a - f , [V]a - f and [XII]a - d, [XIII]a - d), pyrazoles[X]a - d, pyrazolones[XI]a - d and quinolones [VII]a - d derivatives containing isoxazoline or pyrimidine unit starting with chalcones. 4 - Bromoacetophenone was reacted with 4 - hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4 - hydroxyacetophenone was reacted with 4 - bromobenzaldehyde and 3 - Aminoacetophenone was reacted with 4 - bromobenzaldehyde or 4 - N,N - dimethyl aminobenzaldehyde in basic medium to give four chalcone compounds by Claisen - Schemidt reaction. The chalcons [I]a - d was reacted with hydroxylamine hydrochloride to form isoxazolines [II]a - d, while, the chalcones type [I]c,d was reacted with thiourea to give pyrimidine - 2 - thiones [III]a,b in basic medium. The pyrimidine - 2 - thiones [III]a,b and isoxazolines [II]c,d reacted with 4 - or 3 - substituted benzaldehyde and coumarin to form Schiff bases[IV]a - f [V]a - f and quinoline derivatives[VII]a - d, respectively. On the other hand, compounds[II]a,b or [V]b,f were reacted with ethylchloroacetate in basic medium to get new ester compounds[VIII]a - d.The condensation of new ester[VIII]a - dwith hydrazine hydrate led to produce new acid hydrazide [IX]a - d. The later compound refluxed with 4 - substituted benzaldehyde in ethanol to give Schiff bases( [XII]a - d and [XIII]a - d) ,while the reaction of these acid hydrazides [IX]a - d with acetyl acetone and ethyl aceto acetate led to form pyrazoles[X]a - d and pyrazolones[XI]a - d,respectively. The synthesized compounds were characterized by melting points, C.H.N. analysis, FTIR, Mass and 1HNMR spectroscopy(of some of them). Some of the synthesized compounds have been screened for their antibacterial activities using two types of bacteria; E. Coli and Staph. Aureus. All the examined compounds did not show any biological activity towards E. Coli but some of them show activity towards Staph. Aureus.This work can be summarized by the following schemes :

تقدير التعكرية لفصائل منتخبة باستخدام التشعيع بمصفوفة من ثنائي وصلة باعث وبمتحسسات شمسية بتقنية الحقن الجرياني المستمر : دراسة وتطبيق == Turbidimetric Determination of Some Selected Species Via The Use of Linear Array Light Emitting Diode Irradiation With Solar Cell In Continuous Flow Injection Analysis : Study And Application

اسم المؤلف: محمد كاظم حمود
اسم المشرف: عصام محمد علي شاكر الهاشمي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: في هذا البحث تم تقدير المركبات(SMX,TMP,CAF,HYO and PAR) باستخدام المشتقات الطيفية (الاولى , الثانية ,الثالثة والرابعة). على شكل امزجة ثنائية للادوية بواسطة تطبيق التقاطع الصفري كما يلي : 1 - مزيج السلفاميثاكسازول والترايميثوبريم باستخدام المشتقة الاولى و| This research includes determination of drugs SMX, TMP, CAF, HYO and PAR using derivative spectrophotometry (first, second, third and fourth derivative) were developed for binary mixture by applying zero - crossing technique for pure synthetic mixture and their pharmaceutical formulation as follows : 1. SMX with TMP mixture : SMX was determined by applying 1D&4D teach s at 288.0 and 257.8 nm (zero crossing point of TMP) with linear concentration ranges (2 - 30) and (2 - 25) mg/L , r = 0.9996 and r = 0.9992 LOD = 0.750 and LOD = 0.360 mg/L and TMP was determined by applying 4D teach at 251.5 nm (zero crossing point of SMX) with concentration range (2 - 30) mg/L , r = 0.9995 and LOD = 0.382mg/L. The RSD were 0.255, 0.280 and 1.136 for SMX and TMP respectively and applied for (TRIMOL - 400SMX, 80TMP mg) and (METHOPRIM - 400SMX,80TMP mg).2. PAR with CAF mixture : PAR was determined by applying 3D teach at 275.8 nm (zero crossing point of CAF).With linear concentration range (2 - 35) mg/L , r = 0.9987and LOD=0.445mg/L. And CAF was determined by applying 4D teach at 294.7 nm (zero crossing point of PAR). With linear concentration range (2 - 35) mg/L , r = 0.9995 and LOD = 0.162 mg/L. The RSD was 0.222 for PAR and 0.130 for CAF and applied for (PANADOL EXTRA - 500PAR, 65CAF mg).3. PAR with HYO mixture : PAR was determined by applying 1D&2D teach s at 297.4 and 303.5 nm (zero crossing point of HYO) with linear concentration ranges (2 - 30) and (2 - 30) mg/L , r = 0.9998 and r = 0.9987 LOD = 0.081 and LOD = 0.250 mg/L and HYO was determined by applying 1D teach at 215.9 nm (zero crossing point of PAR) with concentration range (2 - 25) mg/L , r = 0.9997 and LOD = 0.091mg/L. The RSD were 0.107, 0.400 and 0.342 for PAR and HYO respectively and applied for (SPAZMOTEK PLUS - 500PAR,10HYO mg). This thesis has mainly been structured in three different chapters, each one containing the following information : Chapter one provides a short historical review with the analytical performance characteristics of UV - visible are described. The applications of UV and DS in pharmaceutical and SMX, TMP, CAF, HYO and PAR analyses and their mixture.the general and specific objectives of thesis are reported. Chapter two corresponds to the experimental part. Reagents, instruments, procedures and detail protocols for the preparation of standard solution and pharmaceutical sample which used in this study are reported.Chapter three contains the experimental results and discussion that lead to the possibility of successful applications which used DS to determine the concentration of each material in drugs.

دراسة مقارنة ترددات الاهتزاز والصفات الفيزياوية والطاقية لوحدات بناء جزيئة الفلرين و(ZigZag) (SWCNT) باستخدام طريقة ميكانيك الكمي == Comparative Study of Vibrational Frequencies, Physical And Energetic Properties For Units Construction of Fullerene Molecule And (ZigZag) (SWCNTs) Using Quantum Mechanical Method

اسم المؤلف: خالدة عبيد سماوي
اسم المشرف: رحاب ماجد كبة
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء التحليلية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Chapter one : Includes an introduction of the light scattering, types of light scattering and its relation ship to the size of precipitate particles which causing the scatter of light. It also involves an introduction to the concept of turbidity and nephelometry for the scattering of incident light, units of both these, as well as an introduction of light emitting diode. This chapter also describes an introduction to flow injection analysis, its principles of the FIA, dispersion, diffusion law , kinds and application and finally followed with the aims of the project.Chapter two : Comprises a complete description for the chemicals used, their preparations in addition to describe the components of flow injection system.Chapter three : consists of two parts : First part : Describes the design of Ayah 6SX1 - T - 2D solar cell CFI Analyser. Also, a full well clear representation of the expected echanism of what might be happened inside the measuring cell for what was measured whether turbidity solutions (measured reflection of incident light by the presence of precipitate particles surface) or a coloured transparent solutions will act normally as absorbance measurement. In second part : A description for the calculation of dilution factor toevaluate the designed manifold system in continuous flow injection analysis via the chasse and following an air bubble through the whole design. Chapter four : Describes the efficiency and its capability of Ayah 6SX1 - T - 2D solar cell CFI Analyser in distinguishing between precipitated and coloured transparent solutions.For precipitate reaction product gives a positive responses by the effect of reflection , this method is used to determine Cd(II) ion. A method is based on the formation of a yellowish white precipitate for the complex Cd3[Fe(CN)6]2.The linearity of Cd (II) ion is ranged from 0.05 to 12 mmol.L - 1, with correlation coefficient r= 0.9951, limit of detection (LOD) 25.29 ng/sample (3SB)(S/N=3) and the percentage relative standard deviation for 4 and 8 mmol.L - 1 less than 1 % (n=5). This method has been applied successfully to determine a Cd (II) ion in a random river samples. Also provided a comparison between the new method with the classical method (HANNA instrument for turbidity measurement) using the standard additions method via the use of ANOVA - treatments. It was noticed that there is a significant difference at ?=0.05 between the two methods at level < 0.05 was obtained.On that basis the new method can be accepted as an alternative analytical method.While a coloured transparent solutions gives a negative responses, this idea is applied for the determination of vanadium (V) ion. This method is based on oxidation of pyrogallol by vanadium (V) ion in acidic meadium to form color species. The linear dynamic range for the instrument response versus vanadium(V) concentration was 1 - 200 mg.L - 1 with correlation coefficient r = 0.9920. The limit of detection (S/N=3) was 70 ng/ sample from the step wise dilution for the minimum concentration in the linear dynamic range of the calibration graph with RSD % for the repeatability lower than 1% for 90 mg.L - 1 (n=5) concentration of vanadium(V). The method was applied successfully for the determination of vanadium (V) in three river samples. A comparison was made between : two methods proposed method with classical method (UV - Vis spectrophotometry at wave length 427 nm) using the standard addition method via the use of paired t - test. It was noticed that there was no significant difference betweentwo methods at 95 % confidence level. Chapter five : Metronidazole (MTZ) and Mebeverine hydrochloride (MVH) are determined in pharmaceutical preparation as alternative analytical procedures. That were developed by continuous flow injection analysis via turbidimetric (T0 - 180 o).For metronidazole (MTZ), the developed method was based on the formation a greenish yellow precipitate as an ion pair complex by reaction between phosphomolybdic acid with metronidazole in aqueous medium. Linear dynamic of metronidazole is ranged from 0.05 - 8 mmol.L - 1,with correlation coefficient r = 0.9821. The limit of detection (S/N= 3 )(3SB)=171.15 ng/sample from the step wise dilution for the minimum concentration in the linear dynamic ranged of the calibration graph with RSD% lower than 0.5% for 4, 4.5 mmol.L - 1 (n=5) concentration of metronidazole. The method was applied successfully for the determination of metronidazole in three pharmaceutical drugs. A comparison was made between the newly developed method analysis with the classical method (HANNA instrument for turbidity measurement) using the standard additionmethod via the use of t - test. It was noticed that there was no significant difference between two methods at 95 % confidence level. For mebeverine hydrochloride (MVH) is determined by formation of a pinkish banana color precipitate as an ion pair complex between Phosphotungstic acid with mebeverine hydrochloride in aqueous medium.The linearity is ranged form 0.05 to 12.5 mmol.L - 1, with correlation oefficient r=0.9966, limit of detection (S/N=3)(3SB)= 521.92 ng/sample and RSD% (n=6) at 2 and 6 mmol.L - 1 MVH concentration less than 1% was obtained. The method was applied successfully for the determination of mebeverine hydrochloride in three pharmaceutical drugs using standard addition method. A comparison was made between the quoted value and the practically found values for three different kinds of drug by t - test. It showedthat there was no significant difference between the quoted value of each individual company with calculated t - value at 95% confidence interval from developed method.Chapter Six : Summarizes a set of conclusions based on the results of this research work which relates to the use of new patterns and methods for the determination of some analytical species by the developed FIA technique, as well as, some future prospects for the homemade FIA system.

تحضير ودراسة مشتقات 2 - امينو - 5 - ثايول - 4,3,1 - ثايادايازول الجديدة == Study And Synthesis of New 2 - Amino - 5 - Thiol - 1,3,4 - Thiadiazole Derivatives

اسم المؤلف: هبه مشتاق احمد علي البدري
اسم المشرف: محمد مهدي صالح الدليمي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2007
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء التحليلية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The project conducted in this research work was carried out from October 2013 to May 2014 which leads to this thesis. It full's into five chapters. All these chapters cover up the survey, the practical part of preparing,manufacturing and testing many designs that have been adopted during this research work, and the results were subjected into various mathematic and data treatment.Chapter One : discuses the light (first part) absorption process and describes FIA in general (second part), it is classification and fundamentally involved ideas , the uses and applications of FIA. Chapter one also reviews the use of Ceric sulfate (third part) as a reagent definition, properties, uses and the applications. This chapter ends with the aim of the project.Chapter Two : In this chapter a complete description of the chemicals, their preparations and, using them throughout this project. This chapter also describes the use of flow system with all it is components (i.e. peristaltic pump, connection tubes, junction(Y - junction), six ports injection valve, reaction coil, and measuring readout system).Chapter Three : consists of three parts. The first part describes the design of Ayah 3SBGRx3 - 3D solar cell CFIA microphotometer. The idea of the use with the application of new flow injection microphotometer was build up to measure the responses. Flow injection microphotometer was made based on the use of a solar silicon cells as a detectors, and LEDs as an irradiation sources.The second part deals with calculation of dilution factor. This study was carried out to evaluate the change in concentration at each location of the designed manifold system via the chasse of an air bubble.The third part deals with the analysis carried out in this research work.Three different phenolic compounds (Pyrocatechol, Resorcinol, and Pyrogallol) were subjected by Ceric sulfate as oxidizing agent. A comprehensive detailed study was carried out using Ayah 3SBGRx3 - 3D solar cell CFIA microphotometer, the linear range, limit of detection (L.O.D) and percentage relative standard deviation for repeatability were 5 - 40 mMol.L - 1 , 36.63 ng/sample and < 1.5% successively for Pyrocatechol, and 5 - 40 mMol.L - 1, 17.17 ng/sample, and < 0.7% respectively for Resorcinol. While 5 - 40 mMol.L - 1, 41.61 ng/sample, and < 2 % for Pyrogallol. The method was applied successfully for determination of the mentioned phenolic compounds in pure samples. A comparison was made between the newly developed method and the classical method (UV - Vis spectrophotometry) at wave length 492, 481, and 438 nm for Pyrocatechol, Resorcinol and pyrogallol espectively of analysis using the standard additions method via the use of aired t - test. The obtained results was treated mathematically, it was noticed hat there was no significant difference between two different methods for analysis of three different organic compounds; in addition to no significant difference in the contribution of the Pyrocatechol, Resorcinol and pyrogallol to the oxidation reaction path, at 95% confidence level.Chapter Four : deals with the analysis of two different drugs (first part : Amiloride, and second part Ciprofloxacin) carried out in this research work using Ceric sulfate as a oxidizing agent. A comprehensive detailed study was carried out by Ayah 3SBGRx3 - 3D solar cell CFIA microphotometer, the linear range, limit of detection (L.O.D) and percentage relative standard deviation for repeatability were 0.0005 - 10 mMol.L - 1, 9.471 ng/sample, and < 1.3% successively for Amiloride. 0.05 - 12 mMol.L - 1, 0.300 ?g/sample, and < 0.6%, for Ciprofloxacin. The method was applied successfully for determination of mentioned drugs in pharmaceuticals formulation. A comparison (forAmiloride ) was made between the newly developed method and the classical method (UV - Vis spectrophotometry at wave length 540nm) of analysis using the standard additions method via the use of paired t - test. It showed that there was no significant difference between the quoted value of each individual company with calculated t - value at 95% confidence interval from developed method, in addition to comparison between two methods and calculate tvalue, it was noticed that there was no significant differences between two methods at 99% but a significant difference at 95% confidence level. A comparison (for Ciprofloxacin) was made between the newly developed method and the classical method (UV - Vis spectrophotometry) at wave length 551nm of analysis using the standard additions method via the use of paired t - test. It showed that there was no significant difference between the quoted values of each individual company with calculated t - value at 95% confidence interval from developed method, in addition to comparison between two methods and calculate t - value, it was noticed that there was no significant difference between two methods at 95%.Chapter Five : This chapter concludes few interesting points based on the obtained results throughout this research work, such as Conclusions and future prospect, Published work, and references.

تحضير وتشخيص ودراسة الفعالية البايولوجية المحتمله لبعض مشتقات 5,4 - ثنائي فنيل ايميدازول == Synthesis, Characterization And Study of The Potential Biological Activity of Some - 4,5 - Di Phenyl Imidazole Derivatives

اسم المؤلف: منار غياث عبد المطلب الموسوي
اسم المشرف: حسن ثامر غانم
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية العلوم للبنات - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: برزت اهمية مركبات الثاياديازول لما لها من فعالية بايولوجية وتطبيقات دوائية، ونظرا لاهمية الازو صناعيا وبايولوجيا لذا تم تحضير مشتقات ازو للثايادايازولات باستخدام المشتق 2 - amino - 5 - thiol - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole كاساس في هذا البحث وكما ياتي : 1 - تحضير ا | Recently, the signifificance of thiadiazole compounds appeared form their biological activity and medical applications therefore.Azo thiadiazole derivatives were prepared by using 2 - amino - 5 - thiol - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole as starting material in this research.1. Preparation of (A1) 2 - amino - 5 - thiol - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole through ring cyclization thiosemicarbazide in the presence of anhydrous sodium carbonate and CS2.[A1]2. Preparation of diazonium salt (A2) by reaction of compounds (A1) with sodium nitrate and hydrochioric acid at low temperature(0 - 50C) with stirring. [A2]3. Preparation of new azo compounds[A3 - A15] by the reaction diazonium salt [A2] with different aromatic compounds. [A3 - A15]4. Schiff bases [A16 - A23] have been prepared from the reaations of azo compounds [A3 - A5] with different aromatic aldehydes.[A16, A17, A18, A19, A20, A21, A22, A23]5. Preparation of new thio ester derivatives[A24, A25, A27] by reaction of azo compounds [A6, A7, A8] with acetyl chloride in the presence of pyridine. [A24, A25, A27] 6. Preparation of new thio ester derivatives [A26, A28] by reaction of azo compounds [A8, A9] with 2 - chloro benzoyl chloride in the presence of pyridine. [A26, A28]7. Preparation of new thio ether derivatives [A29, A30] by alkylation of azo compounds [A11] with bromo butane and bromo pentane in the presence of NaOH. [A29, A30]8.Melting boints of all prepared compounds have been measured and some of physical properties were studied lnddition, the structure eluciclation of a bove compound was carried out by using some spectroscopic methods (F.T.I.R and UV).

تحضير وتشخيص بعض المشتقات البوليمرية الجديدة للبولي فاينايل الكحول == Synthesis And Identification of Some New Polymeric Derivatives of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)

اسم المؤلف: باسل محمد احمد حيود الجميلي
اسم المشرف: احمد عبد الحسن احمد الكاظمي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت هذة الدراسة تحضير مركبات مختلفة لل 5,4 - ثنائي فنيل ايميدازول من خلال خطوات كثيرة : شملت الخطوه الاولى من البحث تحضير مركب الازو ايميدازول (H) وذلك عن طريق تفاعل الازدواج لل 5,4 - ثنائي فنيل ايميدازول مع املاح الديازونيوم 4 - امينو اسيتوفينون.اما ا | This study deals with the synthesis of new different compounds of 4,5 - di phenyl imidazole via many steps : The first part of this study includes synthesis of azo compounds of 4,5 - di phenyl imidazole by coupling reaction of 4,5 - di phenyl imidazole with Diazonium salts then of 4 - aminoacetophenone. The second part includes synthesis of new azo - chalcone derivatives (H1 - H4)by react on(H) coumpound with different derivatives of benzaldehyde.The third part includes the synthesis of oxazine compounds (H5 - H7) by reaction of (H1,H2,H3)respectively compounds with urea.The fourth part includes synthesis of Schiff base(H8 - H13) by the reaction of the compound(H) with different derivatives of aniline.The fifth part of includes synthesis of oxazepine derivatives(H14 - H21) from reaction of Schiff bases (H8 - H13)with phthalic anhydride and (H9,H10)with maleic anhydride,and synthesis of titrazoles derivatives (H22)from reaction of Schiff base(H12) with Sodium azid (NaN3).The final part of this research includes the biological activity study of some prepared compounds and showes that there is inhibitory activity against fungul.The chemical reaction are checked by using (T.L.C) Technique, all the prepared compounds were characterized by using FT - IR and (¹H - NMR) and (C.H.N) for some of these compounds , and these identification studies approved the correctness of structures for the prepared derivatives.The following schemes explains the stages of reactions for the prepared compounds

دراسة مستويات الفا - لـ فيوكوز وبعض الدوال الكيموحيوية في مصول دم النساء اللواتي عانين من الاجهاض المفرد للثلث الثاني من الحمل == Study of The Level ? - L - Fucose And Some Biochemical Parameters in Seram of Single Abortion At The Second Trimester of Pregnancy

اسم المؤلف: فؤاد احمد عمر
اسم المشرف: صباح حسين خورشيد
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمن البحث اجـراء بعض التحويرات الكيميائيـة الجديدة للبولي(فاينايل الكحول) وتضمنت التفاعلات تحوير مجموعة الهيدروكسيل الى مجموعة الزانثيت للحصول علـى ملح زانثيت الصوديوم البوليمري , وقد استخدم هذا الملح للتفاعل مع كل من : - 1 - اورثو كلورو بنزيل كلورايد و| This research includes some new chemical modifications which have been done on Poly(vinyl alcohol) through the hydroxyl group which has been converted to xanthate group to obtain the polymeric sodium xanthate salt and the later has been used for the reaction with the followings : 1 - O - chlorobenzyl chloride and 1,3 - Dibromopropane to get xanthate esters also the xanthate salt was reacted with ammonium chloride to form the polymeric ammonium xanthate salt.2 - The reaction with iodine to form the polymeric crosslinked Dixanthate.3 - The reaction with diazonium salts prepared from aniline , P - nitro aniline , benzidine , 4,4 - methylene dianiline to form the diazoxanthate polymers. 4 - The reaction with some transition metal ions such as (Ni2+, Mn2+, Co2+) to form some polymeric complexes.The other part of the work includes the oxidation of Poly (vinyl alcohol) to get the oxidized form Poly(oxomethylene) which was reacted with hydrazines to prepare polymeric hydrazones and azine and also gallic acid has been used to esterify the poly(vinyl alcohol) to get poly(vinyl gallate) and phosphorus pentachloride to prepare polymeric trialkyl phosphate.Finally a thermal elimination experiment has been done on one of the polymeric xanthate ester to yield polyene.The polymeric products have been identified spectroscopically using the IR and UV technique , one of the products has been identified by NMR technique and some of the polymeric products have been analyzed for (C.H.N.S.) and also the magnetic susceptibility of some complexes have been measured.

تحضير عدد من المركبات الحلقية غير المتجانسة المشتقة من 2 - امينو - 6 - بروموبنزوثايازول وتقييم تاثيرها البيولوجي == Synthesis of Some Heterocyclic Compounds Derived From 2 - Amino - 6 - Bromobenzothiazole And Evaluation Their Biological Activity

اسم المؤلف: خالد عبد العزيز عطية البدراني
اسم المشرف: خالد مطني محمد الجنابي | احمد خضر احمد الخياط
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة لتحديد الدوال المدروسة مع عينات عمرية لنساء مصابات بالاجهاض للثلث االثاني من الحمل ومستويات تركيزالفيوكوز الكلي Total fucose (TF), والفيوكوز المرتبط بالبروتين protein bound fucose (PBF), والسكريات السداسية المرتبطة بالبروتين (PBH) protei | The study was done to determine the relationship between the causes of abortion in women during the second trimester of pregnancy and total fucose (TF) level , protein bound fucose (PBF) , protein bound hexose (PBHex) and other biochemical parameter , which include : thyroid gland hormones ( T3, T4 ,TSH ) and testosterone , progesterone and Prolactin as well as the estimation of the levels of cholesterol , triglyceride , high density lipoprotein( HDL) , low density lipoprotein ( LDL) , and very low density lipoprotein( VLDL) Samples of ( 53) patientshave been collected from Azadi hospital and General Kirkuk hospital who have suffered from abortion where the agesranged between ( 16 - 45) years divided into three age groups first age group( 15 - 24) years & second age group( 25 - 34) years & third age group( 35 - 44) years. also the studyincluded (40) healthy persons at same age groups regarded as control groups1. Significant increase in the levels of (TF & PBF ) and Significantdecrease in the levels of (PBHex in aborted women compared with non - pregnant women2. Significant increase in thyroid hormone (T3) for the first & third age group, and there is no significant difference for the second age group in aborted women compared with non - pregnant women. Significant increase in thyroid hormone (T4) for the first & third age group, and Significant decrease for the second age group in aborted womencompared with non - pregnant women. Significant decrease for the first & third age group and Significant increase for the second age group in thyroid hormone (TSH) in aborted women compared withnon - pregnant women.3. Significant increase in Testosterone hormone level For all age Groups in aborted women compared with non - pregnant women And Significant decrease in progesterone hormone level For all age Groups in aborted women compared with non - pregnant women. 4. Significant increase in Prolactin level in aborted women compared with non - pregnant women.5. Significant decrease in( cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and VLDL) level in aborted women compared with non - pregnant women. 6. Significant increase in the levels of ( HDL ) for the first age group, and there is no significant difference for the second& third age group in aborted women compared with non - pregnant women.

تحضير وتشخيص مركبات غير متجانسة حلقية متعددة من مشتقات الازو اوقواعد شف == Synthesi And Identifecation of Heterocyclic Multiple Ring Compounds of Azo Derivatives And Schiff Bases

اسم المؤلف: ولاء فاضل عبد ضفير
اسم المشرف: فائز عبد الحسين عبد الرماحي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية العلوم - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تتضمن هذه الرسالة تحضير وتشخيص عدد من معقدات البلاديوم (??) والبلاتين (II) مع مزيج من ليكاندات الثايويوريا او الحلقات غير المتجانسة الحاوية على الامين مع السكارين او الثايوسكارين. وحضرت معقدات من النوع [M(L)2] حيث ان : M = Pd (??) , Pt (??) , L = PTUH ( | Work in this thesis includes synthesis and characterization of some palladium(??) and Platinum(II) mixed ligand complexes of thiourea or hetrocyclic amine and saccharin or thiosaccharine.Complexes of the type [M(L)2] were prepared, {M= Pd(??) , Pt(II) , L= PTUH}where : (PTUH) = {N - Pheny1 - N - (2 - thiazoyl)thiourea} by treatment of the appropriate ligand with Na2PdCl4 or K2PtCl4 to give square planer complexes, in which thiourea anoin ligand behave as a bidentate coordinate to metal through the S atom of thioamide group and the nitrogen atom of thiozolComplexes of the type trans - [MCl2(L)2] L =ABI , AT , M = Pd(?? ) , Pt(??)ABI = 2 - amino Benzimidazol وAT = 2 - aminothiazolwere prepared by treatment of the appropriate ligand with Na2PdCl4 or K2PtCl4 to give square planer complexes , in which benzimidazol and thiazol behave as monodentate coordinate to Pd(??) metal through the N atom while the Palladium thiazol complex showed two isomer the N and S - bonded isomer.Palladium (??) or Pt(II) complexes of the type trans - [Pd(sac)2(L)2] were prepared by treatment of trans - [PdCl2(L)2] with Nasac. Sac anion ligand behaves as a monodentate coordinate to Pd (??) metal through the N atom.Thiosaccharinate complexes of the type trans - [Pd(tsac)2(L)2] (L=ABI, AT) were prepared in which (L) behaves as a monodentate which coordinate to Pd(??) metal through the cyclic N atom while the thiosaccharin anion behaves as a monodentate ligand coordinated to palladium metal through the sulfur atom. The PTUH ligand was characterized by infrared spectra and (1H n.m.r).The prepared complexes were characterized by molar conductances, Elemental analysis, Infrared spectra, 1H n.m.r data also the structure of trans - [Pd(PTU)2] and cis - [Pt(PTU)2] were determined by single crystal x - ray diffraction.The complex trans - [Pd (PTU)2] crystallizes in the monoclinic space group p 21/c with a= 12.510(17) ? , ? = 5.6963 ?, C=15.322(2) ? ?=90° , ?=90.066(17) ° , ?=90° and Z=2 Molecules per unit Cell. The complex cis - [Pt(PTU)] crystallizes in orthorhombic space group with a=7.3021(5) ?, b=11.8025 (9) ?, C=25.6282(19) ?, ?=90 ?, ?=90(17) °, ?=90 and Z=4 Molecules per unit Cell.

تحضير ودراسة السلوك البلوري السائل ل الفا - بيتا (4 - n - الكوكسي - 6,5,3,2 - رباعي مثيل - 4? - اوكسي - ازوبنزين) ايثان == Preparation And Study The Behavior of The Liquid Crystalline ? - ? (4 - N - Alkoxy - 2,3,5,6 - Tetra Methyl - 4 - Oxy - Azobenzene) Ethan

اسم المؤلف: نور محمود عبد الحسين التميمي
اسم المشرف: ساجدة هادي رضا
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت هذة الدراسة تحضير مشتقات حلقية غير متجانسة مثل 2 - امينو - 4 - فنيل ثيازول(2 - Amino - 4 - phenyl thiazol)، والاوكسازبين(Oxazepine)، والتريازول(triazol)، والاميدازوليدين(Imidazolidine). ابتداءا من (2 - Amino thiazol) و(Acetophenon) كمركبات اساس | This Study include synthesis of some heterocyclic derivatives such as (2 - amino - 4 - phenyl thiazol) , (oxazepine) ,(tetrazole) and (Imidazolidine) ,starting from (2 - amino thiazol) and (acetophenon) This Work is divided in to three Parts : Part one : Include Foure StepsThe first step include synthesis of 2 - amino - 4 - phenyl thiazol from (acetophenon),(thiourea ),(Iodine) ,while second step repersents the formation of Azo derivatives of (2 - amino - 4 - phenyl thiazol) ,while third step includes the formation of schiff base derivatives through reaction of azo compound with (3 - hydroxybenzaldehyde) The fourth step includes the reaction of prepared shiff base with compound (? - alanine) These steps are explain in diagram (1)Diagram No.1Part two : Includes two stepsFirst step includes the formation of schiff base derivatives of (2 - amino thiazol) through reaction of (2 - amino thiazol) with several compound , while second step includes reaction of several compounds with prepared schiff base to formate five and seven ring Theses steps are explain in diagram(2) Diagram No.(2)Part Three : Includes two stepsThe first step includes reaction of (acetylaceton) and (isatine) with (2 - amino thiazol) to formate new schiff base , while second step includes reaction several compound with prepared schiff base to formate five and seven ring.These steps are explain in Digram (3) Diagram No.3The sequence of reaction steps are followed up by (TLC) technique , and by busing solvents (methanol and benzene(1 : 4)) and ethyl acetate.All compounds are identified by (FT : IR) ,and some compounds by H1 - NMR and (C.H.N.S)

تحضير الكاشفين DPIDBSA وMBDPI واستعمالهما في الدراسة التحليلية للايونات Co(II) , Ni(II) , Cu(II) بالطرق الطيفية == The Preparation And Use of The Two Reagents DPIDBSA And MBDPI In An Analytical Study of Ions Co(II) , Ni(II) , Cu(II) By Spectroscopic Methods

اسم المؤلف: زينب جاسم خضير الربيعي
اسم المشرف: سامي وحيد راضي الحسناوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تم تحضير مركبات دايمرات ازوبلورية سائلة بالصيغة الاتية : no.on n = 2 - 7و تشخيصها بالطراق الطيفية المتمثلة بطيف الاشعه تحت الحمراء وطيف الرنين النووي المغناطيسي للبروتون بالاضافة الى التحليل العنصر الدقيق وقد تبين من خلال التحليل الطيفي والتحليل العنصري | A new series of liquid crystal compound has been synthesized : no.on n=2 - 7 The identification of this new series had been done by IR and HNMR spectra in addition to C.H.N analysis. By using a hot stage polarizing microscope, it was found that the members n=2,3 show pure nematic phase and members n=4 - 7 show smectice (sc ) in addition to nematic phase. The effect of the number of carbon atoms on the side chains of the these compounds with TN - I shows odd - even effect transition temperatures was recognized. The TN - Sc show odd - even odd effect. The brodeniris groups (CH3) in terminal benzene rings decrease the transition temperature and has less effect on dimenshing the liquid crystalline properties than the monomers.

تحضير وتشخيص معقدات بعض العناصر الانتقالية مع ليكاندات نتروجينية ودراسة فعاليتها الحيوية == Preparation And Identification Complexes of Some Transition Metales With Nitrogeneus Ligands And Study Its Biological Activity

اسم المؤلف: علي ابراهيم علي بكر الجبوري
اسم المشرف: نهلة عبد الحميد عبد الجبار
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية العلوم - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمن البحث تحضير كاشفين جديدين هما الكاشف 3 - ((4,5 - diphenyl imidazole) diazenyl) benzene sulfonic acid ويرمز له (DPIDBSA) والكاشـــف2 - ((3 - methoxy phenyl) diazenyl) - 4,5 - diphenyl imidazole ويرمز له (MBDPI) وذلــــك من مفاعلة ملـح الديازونيـوم ل | This thesis included the preparation of the two new reagents 3 - ((4,5 - diphenyl imidazole) diazenyl) benzene sulfonic acid (DPIDBSA) and 2 - ((3 - methoxy phenyl) diazenyl) - 4,5 - diphenyl imidazole (MBDPI) by reacting adiazonium salt solution of (3 - aminobenzene sulfonic acid) and (3 - methoxyaniline) with (4,5 - diphenyl imidazole) in alkaline ethanoic Solution.The identity of these reagents have been characterized by spectral methods such as(UV - Vis) , FTIR , another physical properties (m.p.) and elemental analysis.The ionization constant of the reagent (DPIDBSA) was determine using spectroscopic method , the pKa was equal to 9.9.Six chelating complexes of the above reagents were synthesized with metal ions) Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+). The two wavelength of maximum absorption for the two reagents were found (422nm) and (416nm) respectively in ethanol and for the complexes formed between these ions with these reagents were found at (476, 492, 504nm) and (455, 458, 496nm) for cobalt(II) , nickel(II) and copper(II) respectively in aqueous medium.It has been prepared after fixing the optimum condition of concentration and acidity function, through the study of UV - Vis spectrum for reacting of metal solution and two reagents solution. For wide range of pH (5 - 11) and concentration which obey to Beer - Lambert Law.The structures were determine according to the mole ratio method and continuous variation method which is obtained from the spectroscopic studies of the complex solutions. The ratios of (metal : reagent) are equal to (1 : 2) for all the complexes ions.The stability of complexes in the solutions was also studied at the optimum conditions.Diagnosis the solid prepared complexes by UV - Vis spectrum in ethanol solution showed high chromic shift from as compared with free reagents in visible region to all the complexes prepared.Micro elemental analysis for all the complexes were prepared and the percentage of Co(II) and Cu(II) were determined , using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy, it was noticed a great accord between theoretical and particle ratio.The infrared spectrum of chelating complexes also studied and it's compared with the two reagents spectrum. They give notice change with free two reagents spectrum. These showed new bands that were not found original in two reagents spectra but other bands have been changed in shape, in trinity and location. This may indicate that a coordination between the metal ions and the two reagents prepared.The Conductivity measurements for solutions at (1×10 - 3M) in ethanol solution have shown non - ionic character for all chelate complexes.From the above observations, it's suggested stereo shapes for complexes, that show the two reagents (DPIDBSA) and (MBDPI) behave as bidentit reagent, we can conclude that the proposed geometrical structure of all chelate complexes are octahedral.The study also included using spectrum method for determination stability constant of complexes in the thermal rang (25 - 45C?) for complexes with reagent (DPIDBSA) while the thermal rang was (10 - 30 C?) for complexes with reagent (MBDPI), and calculating ?G , ?H and ?S for complexes.The bacterial activity of the ligand and it's complexes were studied toward two type of bacteria : 1 - Pseudomonas. aurginosa 2 - StaphylloCoccus. aureusThe complex of Ni(II) with reagent (DPIDBSA) and the complexes of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) with reagent (MBDPI) and metal ions solution showed high bacterial activity on Pseudomonas. aurginosa while the solution of two reagents and all chelate complexes prepared also the aqueous solution of metal ions don't showed any activity toward the two type of bacteria (StaphylloCoccus. aureus) (G+ve).

استخدام تقنية كروماتوغرافيا الغاز باستعمال اطوار سائلة ثابتة لدراسة كفاءة فصل بعض مركبات الازو المشتقة من الباراكريزول == Use Gas - Chromatography Technique By Using Stationary Liquid Phases For Study of Separation Efficiency For Some Azo Compounds Derivative From P - Cresol

اسم المؤلف: وداد ابراهيم يحيى خزاعل
اسم المشرف: قاسم كاظم الاسدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: حضر كاشفين عضويين جديدين هما2 - [3 - Acyl methyl phenyl )azo] - 4,5 - diphenyl imidazol (3 - AMePADPI) 1 - [(2 - Pyridyl azo)] - 2 - naphthol (PAN) وقد استخدما في فصل واستخلاص والتقدير الطيفي لعناصر النحاس(II)، النيكل(II)والبلاديوم(II) على هيئة ايونات موج | Synthesized two organic reagent was 2 - [(3 - Acyl methyl phenyl)azo] - 4,5 diphenyl imidazole (3 - AMePADPI) and 1 - [(2 - pyridyl azo)] - 2 - naphthol (PAN), which is used for separation , extraction and spectrophotometric determination Copper(II) ,Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) as Cations according to solvent extraction method ,dependence on measurement absorbance of ion pair complex extracted at ?max as well Calculation distribution ratio (D). This Study include limitation of optimum conditions for Complex formation and extraction such as pHex. and the experimental shows optimum pH for extraction Copper(II) with (3 - AMePADP) (pHex=8) and (pHex=9) with (PAN) but for Nickel was(pHex=11) with both organic reagent as well (pHex=9) for palladium (II) with both organic reagents. The study about metal ions concentration effect on extraction methods demonstrate 40µg Cu2+ suitable concentration giving higher absorbance for ion pair complex extracted to organic phase and higher distribution ratio (D) with both organic reagent , also for Nickel(II) was 80µg Ni2+ with (3 - AMePADP) and 50µg Ni2+ with (PAN) , but for palladium(II) was 20µg Pd2+ with(3 - AMePADPI) and 15µg Pd2+ with (PAN). Kinetic energy has important role in extraction. method according to Solvent extraction , and this study show effect shaking time of two immiscible phase on qualification `of extracted and illustrate 15 min was suitable shaking time for Copper(II) and Nickel(II) with both organic reagent and 5 min for palladium(II) with both organic reagent to obtaining higher absorbance of ion pair complex extracted to organic phase and distribution ratio (D). Organic solvent effect study appear there is not any linear relation between dielectric constant (?) of organic solvents and distribution ratio (D) that’s is mean there is not any effect for polity of organic solvent on extraction method but there is an effect for organic solvent structure which is participate in the structure of ion pair complex extracted by formation ,Tight ion pair or loose ion pair as well experiment result illustrate dichloro methane organic solvent (DCM) was the best organic solvent in extraction Copper(II) ,Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) by organic reagent (3 - AMePADPI) and PAN. Study about determination more probable structure of ion pair complex extracted (stoichiometry ) by performance four spectrophotometric method for extraction Cu2+ , Ni2+ and Pd2+ by (3 - AMePADPI) and PAN under optimum conditions and all experiment show the structure of ion pair complex extracted was (1 : 1) (metal : ligad) [Cu(3 - AMePADPI)]2+SO42 - . , [Cu(PAN)]+HSO4 - .[Ni(PAN)]+Cl - . [Ni(3 - AMePADPI)]2+2Cl - . [Pd(3 - AMePADPI)]2+2Cl - . , [Pd(PAN)]+Cl - . Declination of distribution ratio (D) frequently by reason of the organic reagent not gratify the coordination shell of metal ion and in this case water molecule participate to saturate the coordination shell and increase partition the complex to aqueous phase and increase dissociation of complex and decrease distribution ratio(D) as well probable to formation ion pair complex in structure of [M(L)]n+(OH) where M=Cu2+ , Ni2+ and Pd2+ and L = (3 - AMePADPI) or PAN this complex favorite partition to aqueous phase and decrease distribution ratio. Thermodynamic study include Temperature effect on extraction efficiency the experimental results demonstrate the reaction was exothermic for Copper(II) with both organic reagent (3 - AMePADPI) and PAN but the Complextion reaction of Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) with organic reagent (3 - AMePADPI) and PAN endothermic reaction , after calculation thermodynamic data ?Hex , ?Gex , ?Sex show entropy values was high that is mean complexation reaction is entropic in region. The study about Interferences effect on extraction method of Cu2+ , Ni2+ and Pd2+ by (3 - AMePADPI) and PAN to clarify metal cations of first group in periodic table Li+ , Na+ and K+ giving enhancement in distribution ratio in arranging Li+ >Na+>K+ by reason of high affinity of these ions to water and the thickness hydration shell increase with diameter decrease , this properties these ions being to contribute to destroy hydration shell of Cu2+ , Ni2+ and Pd2+ and increase chances of association with organic reagent and increase distribution ratio (D) , but metal cations of second group in periodic table Mg2+ , Ca2+ has more charge density than metal cation of first group and has less thickness in hydration shell and the effective behavior on extraction method was less , but anions able to participate in electrostatic combination with cation complex and giving different effects by differ in molar volume , stereo structure and charge density. The study about synergism by used tributyl phosphate (TBP) and Methyl iso butyl Ketone (MBK) in the extraction the experimental results shows TBP and MIBK giving enhancement in distribution ratio (D) by participate molecular of these solvents in the structure of ion pair complex extracted install f water molecular in coordination shell of metal cation as well as the results show there is one molecular of TBP or MIBK participate in ion pair complex extraction [Cu(MIBK)(PAN)]+HSO - 4 , [Cu(MIBK)(3 - AMePADPI)]2+SO42 - [Cu(TBP)(PAN)]+HSO - 4 , [Cu(TBP)(3 - AMePADPI)]2+SO42 - [ Ni (MIBK)(PAN) ]+Cl - , [ Ni (TBP)(3 - AMePADPI)]2+ 2Cl - [ Ni (MIBK)(PAN) ]+Cl - , [ Ni (TBP)(3 - AMePADPI)]2+ 2Cl - [Pd(MIBK)(PAN)]+Cl - , [ Pd(MIBK)(3 - AMePADPI)]2+2Cl - [Pd(TBP)(PAN)]+Cl - , [ Pd(TBP)(3 - AMePADPI)]2+2Cl - The study about of effect of ethanol in aqueous solution on extraction method of metal in aqueous solution on extraction method of metal cation Cu2+ , Ni2+ and Pd2+ by (3AMePADPI) and PAN the results show foundation of ethanol in aqueous solution with metal cations giving increase in distribution ratio and this increasing continue until reached optimum concentration of ethanol after this value distribution ratio (D) decrease. This study include used organic reagent (3AMePADPI) and PAN for spectrophotometric determination of Copper(II) ,Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) in different environmental and vital samples.

تحضير وتشخيص مركبات خماسية وسباعية غير متجانسة الحلقة لمشتقات الامينو بنزوثيازول == Synthesis And Identification of Five And Seven Membered Ring Heterocyclic Compounds of Amino Benzothiazole Derivatives

اسم المؤلف: علي فتاح ناصر الحسيني
اسم المشرف: فائز عبد الحسين عبد الرماحي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمن الجزء الاول من البحث تحضير اربعة كواشف عضوية جديدة هي مشتقات ازو لمركب الباراكريزول وقد تم تشخيص الكواشف المحضرة من خلال اطياف الاشعة فوق البنفسجية - المرئية (UV - Vis) فضلا عن قياس اطياف الاشعة تحت الحمراء IR)) وتم اجراء قياسات نسب العناصر الدقيق ( | The first part of this study included perpetrating four new organic reagents which are derivatives of P - cresol. Its identification was done by UV - Vis spectrophotometer, IR and C. H. N. Depending on the results, we found the correspondence between the theoretical calculation and the experimental ones with a way to suggest the final structures of the prepared reagents. The purity of these reagents was tested through thin layer chromatography.The prepared reagents are : 1. 2[(4 - Methyl phenyl )azo] - 4 - Methyl phenol (MePAMP)2. 2[(4 - Chloro phenyl )azo] - 4 - Methyl phenol (CPAMP)3. 2[(4 - Methoxy phenyl )azo] - 4 - Methyl phenol (OMePAMP)4. 2[(4 - Nitro phenyl )azo] - 4 - Methyl phenol (NPAMP)The second part deals with the study of chromatographic behavior of organic prepared reagents dissolved in ethanol according to gas chromatography on stationary liquid phases as capillary columns with different polarities as zebron (FFAT) which is characterized with high polarity, silica fused (BP10) with a medium polarity and poly phenyl siloxine (OV - 5) that appears with low polarity.Gas chromatography was equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID) and the nitrogen as carrier gas with flow rate 30cm3min - 1 at different column temperatures ranged 100C increments depending on columns maximum operation temperature, column inlet temperature and detector temperature were higher than the separation column (25,50) 0C respectively.This investigation attempts to find the optimum conditions for the sequential separation were defined for the azo compounds of all capillary columns such as injection, applied pressure inlet of column, gas flow rate as well as the conditions of the efficient separation.The order of elution and resolution of compounds on various stationary liquid phases were normal chromatographic behavior which is decrease in specific retention volumes with increase of column temperature through the relationship between logarithm of specific retention volume for the studied compounds against reciprocal of absolute column temperature which is observed generally linear relation for all compounds on different liquid phases by using (Clausius - Clapeyron) , then calculate the thermodynamic parameters ?H0 , ?S0 and ?G from the slope and intercept respectively the negative values of partial molar enthalpy ?H0 of solutions indicate to highest interaction between liquid phases and separated compounds. The results show that the zebron (FFAT) consider the high negative value of ?H and the reaction was exothermic, on other hand the highest negative value of ?s means less random of solutes on some liquid phase , so it was more selective towards to prepared azo derivatives of p - cresol. Also calculated separation factor (RS),number of theoretical plate (N), equivalent highest of one theoretical plate (HETP) respectively for mixture of studied compounds on various liquid phases.The precision and accuracy of the prepared organic reagent (MePAMP) from 0.06% to 1.44% for (CPAMP) from 0.91% to 1.5%, (OMePAMP) from 0.03% to 1.42% and finally for (NPAMP) from 0.06% to 1.6%

تاثير العكبر العراقي على مجاميع النتروجين الفعالة (RNS) لدى الجرذان المصابة باعتلال الكلى السكري == The Effect of Iraqi Propolis On Nitrogen Reactive Species In Diabetic Nephropathy Rats

اسم المؤلف: امنة ناظم زغير العمري
اسم المشرف: فردوس عباس جابر
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت هذه الدراسة تحضير مشتقات حلقية غير متجانسة مثل الامينوبنزوثايازول(aminobenzothiazole) والبايرازول (pyrazole)، والاكسازيبيــــن (oxazipine) , والايميدازوليدين (Imidazolidine) ابتداء من (4 - amino acetophenone) (A0) و(benzidine) (B0) والمركب(2 - ami | This study includes synthsis of new heterocyclic derivatives such as (Thiazole), (Pyrazole), (Oxazipine), and (Imidazolidine), starting from (4 - amino acetophenone) (A0), (benzidine)(B0) and (2 - amino benzothiazole (C).This work is divided into three parts : Part one : Includes synthesis 2 - aminobenzothiazole derivatives (A) and (B) from (4 - amino benzothiazole) (A0) and (benzidine) (B0) respectively ,as starting materials. These steps are explained in diagram (1).diagram (1)Part two : includes two stepsThis part includes two steps : - The first step includes the formation of Schiff bases derivatives for 2 - amino benzothiazole derivatives (A) and (C).While the second step includes synthesis seven 1,3 Oxazpine rings derivatives by reaction with (phathalic anhydride).In addition to, synthesis (Imidazolidine) derivative (A11) from the reaction with ? - Alanine. These steps are explained in diagrams (2) and (3).diagram (2) diagram (3)Part three : includes two steps The first step includes preparation Azo derivative (A12) by reaction of (acetyl acetone) with the compound (A) (6 - acetyl - 2 - amino benzothiazole) , then (A12) was entered the reaction of cycliczation with hydrazine hydrate or their derivatives to formate various five pyrazole rings derivatives. These steps are explained in diagram (4).diagram (4)The Sequence of reactions steps are followed up by (TLC) technique, and by using solvents (methanol or acetic acid and benzene ( 1 : 4 )). All compounds are identified by (FT - IR) ,and some compounds by 1H - NMR and (C.H.N.S).

تحضير، وتشخيص ليكاندات ازو جديدة ومعقداتها ودراسة تطبيقاتها == Synthesis, Characterization of New Azo Ligands And Their Complexes With Application Study

اسم المؤلف: زينب عبد الهادي حسن علي
اسم المشرف: عباس علي صالح الحمداني
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء الحياتية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة في البيت الحيواني التابع لكلية الطب البيطري/جامعة القادسية على ستين جرذا من الذكور ذات وزن يتراوح بين (156 - 160) غم قسمت على اربع مجموعات : المجموعة الاولى (السيطرة), المجموعة الثانية (المصابة بداء السكري) بعد 24 يوما من بداية التجربة, | This study was conducted in the house of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Animal/University of Al - Qadisiya on 60 a rat of males of the weight of the ranges between (156 - 160) gm. divided into four groups : the first group (control), second group (diabetes) after 24 days from the beginning of the experiment, the third groups (Pre - treatment) by local EEP for 24 days and then was to stimulate diabetes where once, the fourth group (Post - treatment) by local EEP is that to stimulate diabetes after 24 days from the beginning of the experiment. doses extracted from local EEP be 300 mg/kg of body weight.At the end of the experiment was sacrificed animal blood serum samples collected from rats under anesthesia to measure changes biochemical , as well as the extraction of kidney samples for examination PCR - SSCP for candidate genes in diabetic nephropathy and examination microscopically for kidney samples in the four groups. The results obtained PCR - SSCP technology a surge in certain sites in genes (GLUT1 and nephrin promoter) in diabetes infected groups (G2, G3, G4) compared to control group (G1) where he found and local EEP not corrected of mutations found in both two gene signature, which indicates an extracted from local EEP is not an effective impact in reducing genotoxicity for STZ but an effective impact on the reactive nitrogen species where found a decreases in peroxynitrite concentration in treatment groups through disclosure of 3 - nitrotyrosine by ELISA technology. As well as the decline in the level of nitric oxide radical in the serum (P<0.05).As reveal the incidence of kidney failure by measuring the level of each of creatinin and uric acid in serum. It was noted at the end of the search low moral in body weight, and an increase in the level of moral glucose in blood and increasing the level of uric acid and creatinin, in the serum (P<0.05), for the group infected with diabetes. While groups that treated by local EEP processing had a clear impact in reducing the level of glucose, Nitrotyrosin, nitric oxide, Uric acid and Creatinine. conclusion can be local EEP has characteristics of local anti - oxidization also through its impact in reducing sugar level in blood and its impact on the moderate on kidney functions through the reduction of creatinine and uric acid concentration in blood through improving of histological changes in kidney rats that suffer from diabetes resulting from STZ as well as to the impact of immunological.

دراسة تخليق ومقارنة نظرية لتفاعلات الاسترة لمشتقات البنزين ثنائي هيدروكسيل ونواتج البلمرة == The Study of Synthesis And Theoretical Comparison Esterification Reactions of Benzene Diol Derivatives And Polymerization Products

اسم المؤلف: هيفاء عدنان عبد الامير
اسم المشرف: سعدون عبد الله عودة | عباس عبد علي الصالحي
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء العضوية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية العلوم - قسم الكيمياء
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت الرسالة تحضير ليكاندات ازو جديدة] 2 - هيدروكسي - 3 - ((5 - ميركبتو - 4,3,1 - ثايادايازول - 2 - يل) دايازينيل) - 1 - نفثالديهايد[ (HL1) المشتق من 5 - امينو - 1،3،4 - ثايادايازول - 2 - ثايول مع 2 - هيدروكسي - 1 - نفثالديهايد. و3] - ((1،5 - ثنائي مثي | In this work new azo ligands [2 - Hydroxy - 3 - ((5 - mercapto - 1,3,4 - thiadiazol - 2 - yl)diazenyl) - 1 - naphth aldehyde] (HL1) derived from 5 - amino - 1,3,4 - thiadiazole - 2 - thiol and [2 - hydroxy - 1 - naphthaldehyde. And 3 - ((1,5 - Dimethyl - 3 - oxo - 2 - phenyl - 2,3 - dihydro - 1H - pyrazol - 4 - yl) diazen yl) - 2 - hydroxy - 1 - naphthaldehyde] (HL2) derived from 4 - amino - 1,5 - dimethyl - 2 - phenyl - 1H - pyrazol - 3(2H) - one and 2 - hydroxy - 1 - naphthal dehyde have been prepared. And it’s metal complexes of with VO2+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+ have been prepared with ligands. The ligands were characterized by physic - chemical spectroscopic techniques [(C.H.N.S.), FT - IR, UV - Vis, 1H and 13C - NMR, Mass and TGA DTA curve]. And characterized complexes by Elements micro analysis (C.H.N.S.), FT - IR, UV - Vis, Mass and TGA DTA curve, Flame atomic absorption, Magnetic susceptibility, Chloride containing and Molar electric conductivity.The spectral data suggested that the ligand (HL1) as a neutral bidentate is coordinated with metal ions through the nitrogen atom of azo group and oxygen atom of phenolic group for all complexes, the proposed geometry that the Mn2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ complexes have tetrahedral geometries, and the Cr3+ complex have octahedral geometries and the VO2+ complex have square pyramidal geometries, and Cu2+ complex have square planer geometries, molar ratio ligand : metal (1 : 1).The (HL2) as a neutral tridentate ligand is coordinated with metal ions through the nitrogen atom of azo group, oxygen atoms of phenolic group and carbonyl group of and for all complexes only with VO2+ complex is bidentate, the proposed geometry that the Mn2+, Co2+, Cu2+ Ni2+ and Cr3+ complexes have octahedral geometries, and the VO2+ complex have square pyramidal geometries, molar ratio ligand : metal (2 : 1). The effect of the time on the stability for the solution of complexes has been studied and the steady of the stability for all the metal complexes through the time has been noticed.Hyper Chem - 8 program has been used to predict the structural geometries of the compounds in the gas phase. The total energy, dipole moment, electrostatic energy, heat of formation, and binding energy at 298?K, was used to evaluate the vibrational spectra of the free ligands and compare the theoretically calculated wave numbers with the experimental values. From previously information we can suggest the stable geometries for all compounds and measured their bond length between their atoms in molecules.

دراسة فيزيائية لتشخيص سطح البوكسايت والبوكسايت المعدل لامتزاز مادة التتراسيكلين عليهما عند درجات حرارة مختلفة == Physical Study of Bauxite And Modified Bauxite Surfaces Identification For Tetracycline Adsorption On Them At Different Temperatures

اسم المؤلف: اسراء محمد راضي
اسم المشرف: تقي الدين عبد الهادي حمدان
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمن البحث تحضير وتشخيص استرات وبوليمرات مختلفة جديدة عن طريق تحضير مركبات الكيلية اوروماتية حاملة لمجاميع الهيدروكسيل عن طريق مفاعلة الكليسيرول مع (الريسورسينول , الكاتيكول , الهايدروكوينون ) بشكل منفصل.تم اجراء دراسة نظرية لنواتج الالكلة وبعض نواتج ال | This research includes the synthesis and Identification of new esters and polymers via new alkyl Aromatic containing hydroxyl groups. These compounds was prepared by reacting of glycerol with (resorcinol, catechol, hydroquinone) separately.A theoretical study For the products of alkylation and Polymers was conducted and compared with results.This Work includes the following : - first step : - Alkylation of cyclic compounds (resorcinol, catechol, hydroquinone) with glycerol to produce.2 - (2,4 - dihydroxyphenyl)propane - 1,2,3triol (H1) 2 - (2,5 - dihydroxyphenyl)propane - 1,2,3triol (H2) 2 - (3,4 - dihydroxyphenyl)propane - 1,2,3triol (H3)The resulting compounds were Identified by different techniques (FT - infrared spectra IR, NMR spectrum magnetic (1H - NMR, 13C - NMR) and Elemental analysis (CHN).Some physical properties of these compounds were studied.Step Two : - This step in clndes the preparation of ester compounds (Es1 - Es6) via reacting (H1, H2, H3) with Dicarboxylic Acid (malonic, Succinic) The resulting compounds were identified by different techniques physical properties of these compounds were studied Step Three : - Compounds (H1,H2,H3)were polymerized to produce new polymers (p1 - p9) via reacting with anhydride (maleic , phallic and succinic) by melting reaction (200 - 250) C.These Polymers were studied and Identified by different chniqnes including (FT - infrared spectrum, DSC, DLS, and studying solubility in different organic solvents, and measuring the percentage of swelling.Step Four : - The theoretical simulation of alkylation reaction of compounds (resorcinol, hydroquinone and catechol) with glycerol in existence of silicate aluminum were condncted. The transitional situation of these reactants and estimated energy values that leads to the suggestion interactive pathways, where studied. The prepared compounds (H1, H2, H3) were found haning a low value of total energy ( - 390.240 , - 390.232, - 390.251kCal \ mol), respectively, The study also these compounds possass less ? gab values (1.515,1.23, 0.68ev) respectively which was calculated density function calculations of DFT (minimal - STO - 3G).The comparison between the theoretical and obtained values of these compounds were conducted.The theoretical simulation of polymerization reaction (H1, H2, H3) to produce the polymers (p1,p4,p7)were done.The third is the most possible be cause it has the lowest values of total energy( - 126.625, - 126.491 , - 125.814 kCal\mol), respectively, and also has the lowest ?gab values (8.31,7.03.7.088ev).Polymers (p1,p4,p7) are theoretical produced by ring closure reaction and reaction and the possible energy values of these reactants are ( - 222.444, - 222.443, - 190288.29 kCal \ mol) calculated by semi - empirical calculations PM3.in conclusion, these polymers are formed through condensation reaction but not cyclic closure reaction.
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