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المناخ وعلاقته بمنظومة الطاقة الكهربائية في العراق == Climate And It?s Relation To Electric Power System In Iraq

اسم المؤلف: علاء شلال فرحان حسين الفهداوي
اسم المشرف: نظير صبار حمد علي المحمدي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية الطبيعية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الانبار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ظهر من الدراسة ان العراق يعتمد على اربع محطات لانتاج الطاقة الكهربائية تمثلت بـ (البخارية , الكهرومائية، الغازية والديزل) وتبوات المحطات الغازية المرتبة الاولى من حيث الانتاج لعام (2012) وبلغت كمية الطاقة المنتجة منها (35253706) ميكا واط / ساعة. وبلغ است | The study shows that Iraq depends on four main stations to produce electric power such as ( steam station, hydroelectric station, Gas station, Diesel station) the gas stations comes in the first by the quantity of production in (2010) the quantity of power reached to (35253706) megawatt/ h. the Consumption of fuel in different station except the hydroelectric reached to (4052228291) m3 in this period, and it shows also that Iraq has a wide of power transferring lines which reached in (2012) to (48) lines and its length (4458) km, the number of lines for the transferring network reached to (6441) with length (63925) km. the of imported power from neighbors countries reached to (10174551) megawatt/h. The Consumption of power in Iraq verified during the period of the study reached to its top in (2012) because of rising in population and service centers, the domestic sector occupied the first rank through the size of consumption with rate reaches to (40%). The size of wastes according to physical causes in (2012) around (963457) megawatt/h. The study verifies that temperature has a light effect on the production of electric power from different stations, all the stations can be effected throughout the variation in temperature among seasons of the year, this effect appears firstly by Diesel and Gas stations, Particularly in summer season, the produced power decreases to (20%) less than the production in winter, the harsh decrease in temperature increase the quantities of fuel consumption, the correlation coefficient in Aldora steam station reaches to (0,996 - 0,984) respectively, and in Beji steam station to (0,983 - 0,817) respectively while in Alhartha (0,887 - 0,932) respectively. Also a high humidity decreases the ability of burning in different stations and increase the consumption of fuel, the correlation coefficient in Almusel gas station in summer and winter seasons to (0,975 - 0,963) respectively. So as the impact of climate on transferring and power distribution networks throughout the phenomena of flash - over (Kerona) causing collapse for electric power transferring lines, and thunderbolt phenomenon that leads to destroy the active transferring and distribution lines. While the consumption of electric power correlated with temperature through the monthly and daily variation for temperature, this also correlated directly to humans' feeling through rising and reducing of temperature that linked to the typical temperature degree to feel comfortably in such degree between (15 - 25) m. Then increasing or decreasing for this range force human to use mechanical means to reach the level of comfort which rise the consumption of electric power, a relation has found between temperature and power consumption through Pirson correlation and it shows that there is direct correlation coefficient in summer and converse correlation coefficient in winter, the highest direct correlation coefficient was in Alnassirya that reached to (0,997) which means the consumption of electric power increases with high temperature and converse correlation coefficient appeared in Waset that reached to (0,920) which means the consumption of electric power increased with low temperature. The study also shows the possibility of investing for the element of climatic system to develop the electric power system to get throughout its various applications, it shows that Iraq has a wide abilities from solar radiation system reached to (5,1) watt/m2/day, also the power of winds which reaches to (22) watt/m2/second

كــــفاءة النقل الاقليمي لطريقي بغداد - سامراء, وبغداد - كربلاء : دراسة مقارنة == Regional Transport Efficiency For Roads Baghdad - Samarra, And Baghdad - Karbala

اسم المؤلف: عبد الستار عبود كاظم
اسم المشرف: بشير ابراهيم الطيف الدايني | جمال حامد رشيد
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية البشرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ارتكزت الدراسة على المشكلة الرئيسة التي مفادها,(( هل يوجد تباين مكاني في كفاءة النقل الاقليمي بين طريقي بغداد ــ سامراء, وبغداد ــ كربلاء ؟ )), وتتجسد هذه المشكلة بمشكلات اخرى ثانوية, لتتم الدراسة والبحث عن واقع حال الطريقين والمشكلات التي تواجه النقل الب | The Study is based on the main problem that, ((Is there a spatial variation where I am in the regional transport efficiency between the two Roads Baghdad - Samarra and Baghdad - Karbala)), this problem is embodied with other secondary problems to be the study, and the search for the reality of the roads, and the problems facing the transport land on the paved roads in the study area.The study was conducted and research in problems to achieve health hypothesis, developed by the researcher, and has already been confirmed the hypothesis according to which, ((There is variation where I am in the regional transport efficiency between my way of Baghdad, Samarra and Baghdad, Karbala)), the study showed that the efficiency of the roads do not elevate to the size of the optimal use, in terms of the flow of traffic, easy access, and efficiency of road services, and even the furniture which is one of the basics of roads lacking the study area. And the inability of the two roads to accommodate the traffic momentum generated by the rise in the number of vehicles, it has been shown from the field study the high volume of traffic in both ways more than the designed capacity of the network, and the problem is during the morning rush of ordinary days. The daily traffic rate for vehicles arrived on the road to Samarra (28120) vehicle, which offset (33330) passengers. But the way of Karbala, the daily traffic rate which reached (41080) vehicle, which offset (89795) passengers.The divergence indicator has reached 113 km road to Samarra, and 122 km of road Karbala, and the closer the index is (100) was an indication that the road is close to a straight line, for easy access.The field study has proved that there is variation where I am between the two roads, in the volume of services, and furnishing, and absorptive capacity, and the density of traffic, and here outdone by Baghdad - Karbala, and Baghdad - Samarra by these qualities, but the intensity of use of the road with this large number of vehicles and passengers , reduces the efficiency of the use of the road, and thus the increase in traffic is not commensurate with the capacity design of the road, which entails several negative things, the most important of which (frequent congestion, traffic jams, slow vehicle traffic, and the length of time it takes for the trip, and increased pollution, and poor services ), and other things, which generates a severe strain on the infrastructure of the road, and it is capable of upgrading its services in providing optimal image to suit the size and optimal use.And not through Samarra best off by Karbala. Besides the intensity of use of the road, especially pregnancy vehicles vie with small vehicles, deterioration and neglect, which hit the road, and poor pavement, and free most of the way sections of the protective fences, poor services, and many other things, made the road is unable to provide its services according to what is commensurate with the size rating enjoyed by (Amain Road), in order to live up to the optimum level in the transport service.In conclusion, the study concluded with the findings and recommendations as it deems researcher solutions to transport problems in the study area

تاثيـر العشوائيات في الوظيـفة السكنيـة لوحدة بلدية بغداد الجديدة == Affect The Slums Of Residential Function Unit Municipal Of New Baghdad

اسم المؤلف: شيماء رزاق فاضل عبد الله
اسم المشرف: رفل ابراهيم طالب
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعد العشوائيات موضوعا خصبا لكثير من الدراسات ومنها الدراسات الجغرافية، لكونها تمثل احد اهم المشاكل التي تواجه المدن في الوقت الحاضر وتؤثر سلبا في وظائفها المختلفة، من هنا جاءت هذه الدراسة في جغرافية المدن لتسلط الضوء على تاثير العشوائيات في الوظيفة السكني | Slums are a fertile subject for many studies, geographical studies, because they represent one of the most important problems facing the city at the present time and adversely affect its various functions, From here came this study in Urban Geography to shed light on the effect of the slums in the job of residential unit for the new mayor of Baghdad , where the focus phenomenon and one of the most mind municipalities contain the city of Baghdad slums, This is in four chapters addressing the first chapter of the foundation geographic characteristics of natural and anthropogenic and its role in directing the study area about population growth and urbanization, which resulting in many problems most notably problem of the study was one of the most important problems of housing ,Which necessitated the second chapter in the study of installation use of residential and stand on the most important characteristics and problems and the extent of its ability to absorb the phenomenon of slums, Which is revealed through the study in the third chapter for the clarity of its features and capacity of the space that it occupies in excess of the original area of the housing planned , And what constitutes a third of the population , households and residential units in the study area , adding to the burden of job of residential experiencing deficiencies in many aspects , came fourth chapter connects the second chapter third and Laud over the impact that the slums in use of residential , which reflected negatively on the performance of the function of residential of the study area , Accredited to clarify that a set of tables and statistical technology, maps graphic formats to highlight the phenomenon and clarify larger , and finally exited the study a set of conclusions and recommendations have appropriate a contribution in containing and remedy the problem or minimize the effects of current and future

تحليل جغرافي لحالات الطلاق المسجلة في محافظة المثنى للمدة 2004 - 2014 باستخدام GIS == Geographical Analysis Of Divorce Cases ReGIStered In Muthanna Province For The Period Of (2004 - 2014) Using The (GIS)

اسم المؤلف: شاكر عواد ضاحي محيسن البركي
اسم المشرف: حسين عليوي ناصر الزيادي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study was primarily aim to reveal the image of spatial and temporal variations of divorce cases in the province of Muthanna for the period (2004 - 2014), relying on the analytical method associated Balosfi to determine the spatial disparities and temporal, as well as the use of quantitative methods and technology (GIS) in the distribution of divorce cases The characteristics of the population divorced and the reasons for divorce in the study area.In order to achieve the goal of this study, it was deemed necessary that the scientific study be four classes, as well as its findings and recommendations. The first chapter discusses the theoretical guide and characteristics of the population of the study area, and included theoretical evidence the problem of the study and premise, relevance and objective, as well as curriculum, style and sources of the study and previous studies and the most important obstacles faced by the researcher and concepts pertaining to the study. Then build geographic data of the population divorced base in the study area, and the role of the (GIS) to study the phenomenon of divorce, and the modalities of employment of the (GIS) in social studies, while the second chapter focused on the growth of the phenomenon of divorce and their geographical distribution in the province of Muthanna for the period of (2004 - 2014 ) and Me Chapte III characteristics population divorced, while the fourth chapter dealt with the causes of divorce and the effects and consequences in the province of Muthanna The study group of the most important results that the general path of the phenomenon of divorce in the study area indicates upward in spite of the presence of a relative disparity during the years of the study, The study showed that the elimination of Samawa Center came in first place as the form of a percentage of (54.3%) of the total cases of divorce, the study also created a high incidence of divorce in rural areas more than urban centers, as recorded (76.7%) in urban areas, in while the value (23.3%) in the countryside, then the study has shown that the inverse relationship between level of education and the high incidence of divorce, as rising divorce cases when illiterate for both sexes (male and female) by (14.8%, 17.0%), respectively goes down when university graduates, while the study created that the relationship proportional between income level and the high incidence of divorce, the study revealed the role of social causes, economic, health, cultural, and other reasons, in effect directly in contrast divorce cases at the county level and by the environment and administrative units, and in the latter study showed the effects and consequences of the phenomenon of divorce, including the social, psychological and economic effects, including alimony, dowry, and grabbing Furniture.

التوزيع المكاني للنشاط الزلزالي في محافظتي واسط وميسان

اسم المؤلف: سهاد حسين غشيم الشمري
اسم المشرف: زينب وناس خضير الحسناوي | سعد عجيل مبارك
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان الهدف الاساسي من اعداد هذه الدراسة هو تحديد التوزيع المكاني للهزات الارضية في منطقتي (واسط وميسان) والواقعة بين خطي طول (45,35 - 47,57) ودائرتي عرض (31,12 - 33,30) وللفترة (1980 - 2013م), ورسم خرائط للمناطق التي يتركز فيها النشاط الزلزالي من اجل رمفد المسؤو | The main objective of the preparation of this study is to determine the spatial distribution of the earthquakes in the regions of ( wasit and masyan) which are located between longitudes (45.35 - 47.57) and latitudes (31.12 - 33.30) for the period - 1980 to 2013 and the map of areas in which is evident the seismic activity in order to provide accurate planning with seismic information for the study area to take the necessary measures when developing special designs for any engineering establishment.The seismic historical data were analyzed for the period from (839 - 1979) which have collected from various sources where it is noticed that western Iran area and Wasit goverorate recorded the highest seismic movement on a scale Mrkala reaching 7 - 8 degrees in the years( 839 - 849 - 872 - 880 - 956 - 957 - 1052 - 1063 ) additionally most of the historical earthquakes are of seismic surface foci - 27 - 33 km and it highly effective.The seismic modern data were analyzed for the period of 1980 - 2013 they were divided into two periods the first is from ( 1980 to 2004) and the second from (2005 to 2013) they have been recorded 824 different magnitudes earthquake on Richter scale, (69) earthquakes for the first period and 695 earthquakes for the second period. It sample survey method is used in order to collect the required information by witnesses form of and (350) forms distributed over the study area (240) forms were wasit and (110) forms for masyan area in order to compare the feeling of people in those areas on Markali scale with (semis amount) on the Richter scale to earthquake occurred in 22 /11/2 013 and the result was the feeling of Ali Al - Garbi people was 77 degrees on a scale Markali and it equal - 5,5 - 6,1 - degree on Richter scale.Badrah district , came after it where their sense of 6 degree on Markali scale and equivalent to 4,9 - 5,4 on Richter scale the less area feeling with earthquake is the center of Kut district whose feeling is( 3) degrees on a scale Markali which is equivalent to 4,2 degrees on Richter scale followed by center amarah district whose feeling was (2) degrees on a scale of Markali which is equivalent to 3,5 degrees on Richter scale.The study arrived to map the seismic division of the study area, which describes the areas more vulnerable to earthquake west of Iran, which is the borderline between Iraq and Iran area Badrha - Ali Gharbi area. - In order to predict future seismic hazard was applied equation (Seismic prediction equation was) for the period from 2014 - 2030 and the result was the continuation of seismic activity in the region where an earthquake will reach 1622,187. The study came up with some recommendations to take the necessary measures in the future.

اهمية المعلومات الجيوتقنية في تخطيط المشاريع الهندسية في مدينة الرمادي == The Importance Of The Geo - Technical Information In The Planning For Geometrical Projects In Ramadi City

اسم المؤلف: سعدون مشرف حسين جديع الشعباني
اسم المشرف: خلف حسين علي الدليمي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الانبار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان عنوان البحث هو اهمية المعلومات الجيوتقنية في تخطيط المشاريع الهندسية في مدينة الرمادي، وهذه الدراسة تقع ضمن تخصص علم شكل الارض التطبيقي، وتعد تلك الدراسة من الدراسات القليلة في هذا المجال، والتي تمثل النقلة النوعية في البحث الجغرافي من الوصف الى التطب | The title of this dissertation is "The Importance of the Geo - technical Information in the Planning For Geometrical Projects in Ramadi City. This study is an applied geological one. It is considered one of the seldom studies in this field. It represents a qualitative shift in the geographic research from the description to the application for the importance of the geo - technical information for each area in the planning and execution of different projects on the basis of which the prevention of the problems encountering these projects is possible. However, the study aims at giving a clear idea on the effects of the natural features of soil, rocks and water in the planning of geometrical projects providing suitable solutions and procedures to put an end to the problems resulting from the planning and execution of these projects. Ramadi was chosen for application by studying the general features of soil and rocks and the level of he sub - soil water and the areas which are subject to floods and topographic position of Ramadi Mayoralty and the effect of these features on the planning and execution of the geometrical projects.The study concluded the following : 1 - The effects of the climate on the planning of the geometrical projects through different factors. The high temperature with movement is a reason for the cracks in the roads and the appearance of the narrow openings in the roads. This leads the metals to be extended or become smaller in addition to the increase of the precipitation of the salt in the soil which affects the ratio of the decadence of the iron and it attacks the arsenal of cement. Rains are, also, effective factor in in the rise of the soil humidity and the rise of the sub - soil water which causes the destruction of geometrical projects that are there. Rains also have a great role in the melting process and the appearance of gaps, holes, caves in the soils that have a high ratio of gypsum which damages the building and establishments.2 - The content of the soil from biotic materials causes many problems to the geometrical projects.3 - The effects of the level of the sub - soil water and the humidity of the bases and the walls of buildings leads to the melting of the soils which have a ratio from the gypsum cause damages to the establishments established on these soils. Sub - soil waters also abstracts the movement of the water in the extension and joining the pipes inside the tunnels.4 - The high ratio of the sulphate ion in some parts of the area of the study affects the bases of the building by the interaction of cement compositions that cause the extension and destruction of the arsenal and it has the ability to react with the iron oxides that results in the damaging of the pipes of the networks of water distribution, wastes and the electricity posts and telephones.5 - The effects of gypsum rocks on the planning of the geometrical projects for its melting ability as the case in the south east of Ramadi.6 - Large areas of Ramadi are subject to floods in direct and indirect ways.7 - The topographic situation of Ramadi had a great effect in the planning of geometricalprojects.8 - The future need for land by calculating the future speculationsof the rise of the population of Ramadi mayoralty in the years2025,2035 and 2045.The population is expected to reach 7722,22 in 2045.9 - Four alternative places were chosen and the criterion in selecting them depended on several factors that have a clear effect in the planning of the geometrical projects. The third alternative place which lies in the south east of Ramadi comes first, it is highly preferred because of the extension of thegeometrical projects in Ramadi city center. The second alternative that situated in the northern country side of Al - Jazeera upland. However, the planning and the execution of a geometrical project in any of the alternative places that have a high ratio of sulphate ion and the soil content of gypsum should be taken into consideration so as to prevent the problems encountering the geometrical projects. Finally, I wish this study to be viewed with satisfaction and excuse. If I hit, it means what I want and if I missed, I hope to benefit the opinions of the people of good opinions and correct the mistakes and to open the way for other researchers in this field

صناعات العالم الاسلامي خلال القرون الهجرية الاربعة الاولى 7 - 10م : دراسة في الفكر الجغرافي == Industries Of The Islamic World During The First Four Hijra (AH) (Study In Geographical Thought)

اسم المؤلف: ساهرة فوزي طه الخبير
اسم المشرف: كمال عبد الله حسن الدليمي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الانبار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: It can be seen from the study of the Islamic world , that Islamic New industries during the first four HJ centuries that the Islamic world is a world of doctrine and principle ,so its borders stretching to cover the entire areas that are spreading in this doctrine to cover the borders widening and narrowing through time and space. It mediates in the map of the world (between the continents of the world) , and by this mediation it had become a crossing for global trade in past and present , and because of this location this kingdom witnessed a great economic boom during that period. It has great many possibilities of the economic powers element such as agricultural, animal and mineral wealth and raw materials industry. Industry considered the most important economic activities in the Islamic flourished in a great world It way because of the availability of raw materials , whether natural minerals or vegetable or animal. It considered a rich world full of raw materiales , particularly metals, depending on their different kinds , including iron , gold, copper, lead, sapphire, emerald. Muslims were flourished in using these metals and for this reason they confirmed pn mentioning these metals according to their increasing needs and demands of them to meet the growing needs of them in handicrafts and industry. As for the (flora) plant wealth, the agricultural raw materials occupies an important status in the Islamic economical world.The cotton considered the most important raws in production. weaving yarn spread in the ancient times on the manual looms.For this reason cotton considers the most important agricultural crops in the Muslim world ; it even become a manifestation of economic prosperity as its importance in commercial movement. The livestock has a large share in the Islamic world. it occupies a very important status because it considered one of the economic life of the kingdom.Thus ,the Muslim world has witnessed the appearance of some local industries depending on the livestock and agricultural raws and this led to commercial movement which is required for the discharging the local product or commercial exchanging.While the industry played an important role in the prosperity of economic life in the Muslim world , there are agricultural wealth and livestock and there are multiple types of natural minerals with different kinds in its various places.Its people have their reasons to build various industries which is needed to be established because of its importance first in internal local demands and external secondly.All this led to establish some industries which has been identified with its Geographical distribution; also many factors contributed in the growth of the industry represented by (providing raw materials, metal or plant or animal , human resources m commercial swap movement , markets.). The internal and external commercial mainland and marine roads which become the meeting place between the provinces of the Islamic world for commercial exchange. The trade is flourished and some commercial markets turned to an important cities and a center for trade because of the boom and prosperity it has reached such market Ibrahim and cram market in Morocco. This continued prosperity result of the Morocco. This continued prosperity result of the economic role which played in building those provinces which contributed to the advancement and strengthening of the power of the country in that period as well as highlighting the cultural features of human societies

نمو سكان العراق وعلاقته بتباينهم المكاني للمدة (1957 - 2007) == Iraq Population Growth And Their Relation With Spatial Variation 1957 - 2007

اسم المؤلف: زينب محمد امين
اسم المشرف: فلاح جمال معروف العزاوي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تصاعد اهتمام الباحثين والمسؤولين على السواء بالاثار المترتبة للنمو السكاني وما يتعلق بتلك الاثار، وعلاقة ذلك بالظواهر السكانية الاخرى ومنها التوزيع السكاني المكاني، وباتت الحقائق المتعلقة بالعلاقة القائمة بين نمو السكان وتوزيعهم المكاني من اكثر الحقائق اه | Both, reserarchers and people in charge interest in consequential results of population growth, is arising, with regard to those effects, and its relationship with other demographic phenomena, including the spatial distribution of population, whereas the facts concerning the relationship between population growth and spatial distribution became the most important facts if there is a sufficient demographic information, has become an urgent necessity needed by researcher in the population geography, because those facts have no value in thierselves only, but is an essential element of interference in the formation of most aspects of the population. So population Studies have become of paramount importance at the present time, where captured the attention of senior researchers in the field of economic and social studies, and other, this importance have doubled when countries in the world began, including Iraq, to suffer from problems associated with contemporary demographic population and growth are directly and indirectly, as well as its significant impact in the processes of planning and development, as the development of economic and social policies requires full knowledge of the population because they are the goal of development and its device and the basic rule in the movement of construction and progress. This study was to reveal the relationship between the growth of the population of Iraq and disparity in place and at the level of administrative units (governorates), thus, the objective of the study is to highlight that relationship through the influence of the elements of population growth on the spatial variation of the population and the state of imbalance in the geographical distribution, and through multiple axes represented by five chapters the study contained, introduction, conclusions and proposals, depending on the number of sources.Conclusions reached by the study confirmed the fact interdependence between the parties to the population equation in terms of the relationship between population growth and the impact of that growth in population spatial variation and the adoption of the data referred to by population censuses 1957.1977, 1987, 1997, and estimates for 2007, as The study concentrate distribution Iraq's population on a limited area of land through the use of certain statistical methods that showed irregular distribution of the population of Iraq and its units areal image. Valtbaan in growth rates resulting from internal migration movement suffered by the specific provinces of Baghdad come in the forefront Find concentrated population severe in Baghdad in particular, and a tendency to focus somewhat on the provincial level in general, from the Gap last owns all of Iraq's provinces elements of development (natural and HR) qualify to be areas of population attraction if these ingredients invested according to scientific bases, and in order to achieve ease of population momentum on Baghdad province, which focuses more than a quarter of Iraq's population, which at the time amounted to an area (1%) of the area of Iraq. At the same time in order to achieve the best investment of the natural and human resources in each governorate.

التحليل المكاني لاستعمالات الارض الحضرية في مدينة عامرية الفلوجة باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية GIS == Spatial Analysis Of Urban Land Uses In The City Of Fallujah Amiriyat Using GIS

اسم المؤلف: خالد ابراهيم حسين العيساوي
اسم المشرف: احمد سلمان حمادي الفلاحي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية البشرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الانبار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The importance of the subject of the study (spatial analysis uses of urban land in the town of Amiriyat al - Fallujah using geographic information systems) in an analysis of spatial patterns of these uses and stages of development and analysis of efficiency and geographical factors influencing the use of GIS technology, and remote sensing data representing by (Quick Bird) visual for the year 2011 as well as field work, office work and down to clear these uses and categorized and evaluated for geographic database building after doing spatial analysis on the layers of spatial information, as the city has an important location, as it is located within the hinterland intensive agricultural, which in turn led to the growth and development of the city as well as industrial companies, which lies southwest of the city, which contributed significantly to the growth and development of urban infrastructure of the city, as well as historical and archaeological sites, which led to the emergence of the first core of the city, hence the need for the city to the applied study related to land use, the aim is monitoring the current reality of land uses in the city and apply it on maps. And evaluate the reality of these uses, according to planning standards, for the purpose of later use as a basis for development, planning and improving the situation of the city The study dealt with four chapters, including Chapter I : theoretical background in the use of urban land and geographic information systems, and the second chapter : the evolution of the city, the natural and human influencing factors on land use patterns, and included the third quarter on : analysis of urban land use patterns in the study city during the contemporary period, the study concluded in the fourth quarter analysis of the functional efficiency of the use of urban land in the city and the study found a set of conclusions the most important result of the study area residential and function mainly as The percentage of residential use them (48.69%) of the total other uses, while the lowest rate it uses the land for religious services and by (0.45%) of the total uses, and that the space visuals high precision an important role in studies of uses of urban land, and most land use does not match the planning standards, particularly service institutions. The study recommends the necessity to rely on satellite visualizations of discriminatory high resolution data in the study of land uses and categorized and analyzed to facilitate the work of researchers and build a GIS database, and take advantage of the applicable previously basic designs mistakes, and work to find a solution to the excesses happened, and guide the relevant departments for the necessity to encourage business owners to invest a residential vertical expansion as well as attention to infrastructure and services there.

التجسيم الكارتوكرافي الرقمي للخصائص الجغرافية في ناحية العامرية == Digital Cartographical Modeling For Geographical Features In Ameriya Region

اسم المؤلف: بكر حاتم حماد مناجد الفلاحي
اسم المشرف: احمد سلمان حمادي الفلاحي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الانبار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تسعى الدراسة الموسومة (التجسيم الكارتوكرافي الرقمي للخصائص الجغرافية في ناحية العامرية ) الى تحقيق افضل حالة تمثيل للبيانات في ناحية العامرية واجراء المقارنة بين الخرائط ذات البعدين والثلاثة ابعاد ومن ثم بناء قاعدة البيانات الجغرافية للخرائط المجسمة. وقد | The tagged study seeks (Digital Cartographical Modeling For Geographical features in Ameriya Region ) to make the best case for the representation of data in Amiriya region and a comparison between the two - dimensional maps and three dimensions and then building geographic data base for three - dimensional maps. The researcher adopted in the study two types of data which are Spatial Data Attributes Data as known as geographic information systems. Spatial data prepared for this study consists of map includes agricultural provinces in Ameriya, as well as geological and topographical maps,...etc. While The Attributes data related to the numbers of the population and the quantities of agricultural production and the names of community services and their locations such as schools, after that the necessary data for the study was collected and then entered to the computer.Therefore the study begins from assumptions and goals that can be achieved by using the Tools or additions Extension tools own representation of this data on a third dimension and linked to the program President Arc GIS 9,3 maps after saved in the Toolbox Toolbox. The study found the conclusions of the group, including : - 1 - proved study limited studies to prepare modeling maps (the third dimension), especially Arab ones, so as to timeliness, as well as their need for a set of additions rare Extinctions and falling to own GIS programs ArcGIS tools 9.3, which requires skill and experience in their use.2 - The study proved that the cartographical modeling maps have high level of effectiveness and visual perspective compared to conventional cartographic maps, and through the results of the comparison, which took place at all study maps.3 - the study proved that the traditional methods have more problems in perception and understanding as opposed to cartographical modeling maps prepared by the software GIS and RS data. The study also included of four chapters, which included in the first chapter general concepts of anthropomorphism cartography in terms of definition and characteristics of the subject, and its importance, and ways of acting in a manner anthropomorphism starting from the primitive methods until the present day, also it contains the most important techniques used in the study, especially geographic information systems (GIS) in terms of the concept and definition of the most important advantages and importance, as same as for Remote Sensing (Remote Sensing(.Chapter two discussed the sources of the data used and programs of study, and map data sources and programs used in the study of which include Program (Arcmap9.3) and program (Surfer10) and program (Erdas8.4(..The third chapter, dealt with cartographical modeling of the natural geographical characteristics through the design of a two - dimensional maps (2D) and three - dimensional (3D) such as the surface and the properties of soil and groundwater... as a user system outputs of design with surrounding design in light of the data entered in the system. While the fourth chapter dealt with the cartographical modeling of humanity geographical characteristics as population in terms of the spatial distribution of the number of agricultural production and community services,...etc. In conclusion the conclusions and recommendations and then came sources and summary Search in English.

الوظيفة السكنية لمدينة الحي : دراسة في جغرافية المدن

اسم المؤلف: اية هاني موسى العقابي
اسم المشرف: جبر عطية جودة المياح
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: واسط
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The residential Position one of the basic and important jobs in the city and occupy a larger space compared with the Other Land Use, on the grounds that the housing is necessary and essential to the needs of the need for life human.az address the subject of the study (residential function of the City District), as it is a port of one of the important urban centers in the province Wasit, as the city and enjoy the important geographical location connects Wasit province, with the province of DhiQar, the city consists of 14 residential neighborhood has been studied in terms of residential installation, in addition to the study of social and economic dwelling characteristics and also the city's population stood at 79 478 inhabitants and a growth rate of 3.6% , as the city has embraced a religious centers and the shrine of TabiSalehSaeed bin Jubair (RIP), which gave the city an extra significance in terms of religious function. I have been relying on this study, field work (questionnaire) as well as office work, distributed to 14 district Residential for 2013, in order to reach the Court of geographical study pertaining to the subject of the study, and has also been relying on some statistical methods and of the extraction percentages, in addition to the use of EXCEL program to extract some percentages and rates of population growth, as well as the use of tables, maps and forms to get to the information base Find geographicbelong. The research in the four seasons since included the first chapter two sections dealing with the two study natural and human characteristics of the City District and its impact of these factors on the residential function, the second chapter guarantees the four topics as it has been through the review of the morphological stages through which the city since origination 1816 until the present time, With respect to the third quarter, as included on the study of the functional structure of the houses of the living city, and included two sections as eating First research study dwelling unit properties in terms of space, building materials and architectural style, while the second section guarantees the study of social and economic characteristics of the dwelling, as the study showed a clear divergence in the residential installation of houses in the city and on the different morphological stages, as well as the characteristics of those who dwell in terms of the type of profession and the average monthly income disparity, and the number of family members and the type of property and others. While devoted Chapter IV to study the housing problems, including the housing deficit, with the deficit rate for 2013 (6.3%) of the total houses of the city, in addition to the study of other cities problems, as it ensures Chapter Mbgesin first eating problems, while the second section has addressed some of the problems by introducing a set of proposed solutions Ohz and ended Find the conclusions andrecommendations, as the study found that the city has a locus of geographic and well - located, giving it the importance and became a population center of attraction, as it occupied residential function space was (65%) of the total area of the city, in addition to that the city has seen developments in terms of the residential structure and the economic and social side different morphological stages through which the city, which had a clear role in the development and growth of residential function, and finally the study found some of the recommendations, including giving the validity of those responsible to solve the housing problems in the city, in addition to the development of some of the measures that limit the migration from the countryside to the city, and to stop the abuses taking place on the basic design and uses of land and other

العلاقات الاقليمية للمستوطنات الريفية في ناحية السوير وسبل تنميتها : دراسة في جغرافية الريف == Regional Relations Of The Rural Settlements In The Alsuwair District And Ways Of Its Development (A Study Of Rural Geography)

اسم المؤلف: حسين علي صاحب
اسم المشرف: حبيب راضي طلفاح الدليمي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: واسط
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: خلصت دراسة العلاقات الاقليمية للمستوطنات الريفية في ناحية السوير في ضوء المعايير المعتمدة بان هناك علاقات اقتصادية وخدمية متنوعة سلطت الضوء على قوة علاقات بعض المستوطنات وضعف الاخر منها، وهو امر يتيح للباحث الجغرافي والمخطط الريفي مفاتيح مهمة تحدد سبل تنم | The study found that rural settlements in alsuwair district varied regional economic relations and service, which is helping geographical researcher planned to identify ways to develop spatially, The study found the correctness of Research Hypothesis wihch based on the diversity of regional relations between rural settlements in the study area and in the following manner : 1 - The natural ingredients such as geographic location, climate and water resources and surface soil, and human, such as population size and growth of the geographical distribution of the population, and projects and irrigation methods and other character distinct lets provided strength characterize some rural settlements where and earn power in regional relations, especially near urban centers and rural settlements and adjacent to rivers and fertile soil of sedimentary.The study found that (%44.7) of the total employees practiced agricultural activity, and is a farm income ratio (%45.8) of the total economic entered into, and that means the predominance of agricultural activity on the rest of the economic activities.It also showed that (%35.5) of the marketers of agricultural products turned towards the city of Samawah, while Turn (%34.5) of them toward the administrative center, and was heading ratios toward AL - Khuder and AL - Warka (%4.5,%25.6) of the total marketers of agricultural products to urban centers on the respectively.And displayed (%56.60) of the total self settlements perfusion, while (43.40)% of them have relied on others to get watering and irrigation water, and emerged (%58.49) of the approved settlements on the same access to agricultural mechanization, and (%41.51) of them have relied on other settlements in access to agricultural mechanization.As varied importance of pastoral regional relations rural settlements in the study area, some of which are characterized by regional relations pastoral distinct, like Nasser elaaj and Kareem Sadkhan and Hammadi and Hillel settlements and Al - Tadhhiea, etc., While decreased importance of the pastoral relations in agricultural and regional ties, such as settlements Al - Hamraa walKhomas, and Aelchenibrh and Alroydhi and others.2 - study showed the relative importance of industrial activity, with occupancy rate of (%5.2) of the total workers in economic activities, and the ratio of (%19.8) of the total cash in, and emerged the highest workers in North bodies ratios where the Alshainn settlement, while the highest rates appeared commercial access in the north - eastern and northern sides, where settlements of Aldabaal, and Almajoon walmalt , Kazem Salem, and Alamaal walhodeidah.Depending on the direction of movement of industrial products, industrial relations strong settlements north side with the elimination of Warka, the East with the AL - Khuder destrict, while the direction of the movement of industrial goods in the western and southwestern settlements towards the AL - Samawah district , and increase industrial relations with alsuwair district center as we head towards the central sides of the study area.And varied areas of industrial use, among others the study area, as appeared in the Aradhi abu mahar wal elchenblana Wal roaieia reaching 1200 m2, while the back of the least in Al - Zrijiah and Abu tebeekh and Hor Ziad, it did not exceed 100 m2.3 - study showed the importance of commercial activity, economic activity helps people to improve their living conditions, which showed employees ratios (5.6)% of the total workers in various economic activities, and the form of business income ratio of (18)% of the total entry of economic events in the study area, and appeared higher staff ratios in the northern authorities where the settlement Alsehainn, while the highest rates appeared commercial entry in the northeastern and northern sides, where settlements of Aldabaal, and Almajoon walmalt , Kazem Salem, and Alamaal walhodeidah.A trend most of the population of western and southern areas around the city of Samawah for the purpose of trade, while most of the northern settlements population moved Al - Warka district, either settlements south - eastern sections, namely population of Alskaf walkhninih settlements moved towards AL - Khuder destrict.It turns out that the size of the area of commercial use depends on the population size mainly, reaching the proportion of the population of the provinces of the first category (46)% and second (35)%, while the third (16)% of the total population of the study area.4 - The regional relations services for the education and health services grabbed a study the direction of the movement of people to urban centers to get those services, appeared Direction for most people in the northern provinces settlements towards the elimination of Al - Warka, and residents of the central provinces settlements around alsuwair district center, while the population of the western provinces and southwestern settlements turn towards Al - Samawah district, and the proportion of the population of the eastern provinces of eastern and southern settlements moved to AL - Khuder destrict.The study showed the geographical distribution of religious services provided by rural settlements contrast to each other, which were distributed in eight mattresses spearheaded Alkuam settlement in the central sides, for providing religious services to all settlements in the study area, while appeared in the western and southern sides settlements of Alroydhi and Farhan Mohsen and Besateen Aldora ranked the last.5 - The rural settlements in alsuwair district suffers from a distinct lack of provision of basic services, despite the fact that there are settlements where available (7 - 5) services but does not meet the needs of the population, as the number of such settlements is only accounted for seven of (13.21) % of total settlements, while the rest of the settlements, however, are suffering clearly from the deterioration of services in quantity and quality, where most of them provide the (4 - 2) Services and total(46) rural settlements form (86.79) % of the total settlements, and this will reflect negatively on the economic and social role of the population in the study area.6 - The study is based on the findings of the regional economic and service relationships in determining the ways of development that would advancement of rural economic and service settlements.

الخصائص الطبيعية والاقتصادية الاجتماعية لمدينة خان بني سعد == The Natural, Socio - Economical Characteristics Of Khan Bani Saad City

اسم المؤلف: احمد كريم ناصر الساعدي
اسم المشرف: محمد علي مرزا
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The essence of this thesis is summarized in the discussion and analysis of internal structure of Bani Saad city, or the so - called the urban land use. This city has been chosen for the size of its population (29.9) thousand person, and its total area1000 hectares, in addition to being one of the satellite cities of Baghdad even though it is a center of the province affiliated to Baquba district of Diyala Governorate.Since land uses represent the basic element in the economies of land uses, which is a product of the interaction of the natural features of the position and location of the city that give indication of the available sources on those two levels on one side and the populations of the city in terms on demographic growth and their social and economic other hand, and the reflection on their attitudes and behavior and their intellectual tendencies.Therefore the thesis includes an analysis of these two aspects and their by the uses of the land inside the city. According to those trends, the research perspective has become combined in a net of relations with mutual effect and influences in the formation of the environmental system of the city.The research has also been directed towards the study of a series of the operations of alteration in the city through analysis of the morphological stages.The conscious study required depending on the use of methods and scientific curriculum and the realization of some of the concepts and theoretical thoughts for the surprise of analysis interpretation and conclusion in the first chapter.The study was supported with tables, diagrams, figures, maps and images of the direct field surveys, the study comes up to the diagnosing of the land uses, their features and spatial distribution, in addition to evaluation in accordance with the population requirements and needs. The study also presents the suggestions for the means and procedures to the treatment of the shortages and weakness in the city so that it becomes a city of healthy environment for living, work and entertainment. Consequently, it may become a center of luminance and affection in the future.

مقومات القوة الصينية والتوازن الاقليمي في اسيا == Elements Of Chinese Regional Power Balance In Asia

اسم المؤلف: احمد رعد رمضان الخزاعي
اسم المشرف: شيماء محمد جواد الجبوري
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يتفق معظم الباحثين في مجال الجغرافية السياسية على ان الدولة هي اشهر الظاهرات السياسية الموجودة على خريطة العالم، وتخضع الدراسة الحالية الى تحليل جوانب الصين من الناحية الطبيعية والبشرية والاقتصادية، والوقوف على نقاط القوة والضعف في كيان هذه الدولة، وباختص | Most researchers agree in the geo - political area that the state is months of political phenomena on the world map, and subject to the current study to analyze aspects of China of natural, human and economic terms, and stand on the strengths and weaknesses in the entity of this state, in short, the present study was concerned with studying China strength and the importance of such a force on the regional and international levels and their impact on the state's power levels, and meant this study was to know the international balances that are part of the geo - political, concerned with the study of geographical conditions and its dealings with the international system through three mechanisms, namely, (integration, change and isolation), and through the application of this category to China, we find that it is heading in terms of integration, China is linked to working within the current system of rules in the world, and China accept the main basis of the international system in today's world, and that does not mean she does not prefer the change in international politics, it rejects hegemony of the United States of America and its interference in the Taiwan issue, and that the growing power of China has been invited to impose its hegemony on the regional level, the growth of China from a weak state of the third world to a strong state and a more well - being of its population led to strict foreign policy, and see China today in its relationship with the outside world is moving towards the principle of insurance needs energy and strategic minerals that support the growing level of living standards for a large number of the population, representing almost fifth of the world's population, as China has become, thanks to its continuous growing on the international and regional arena of the main distinguishing features for beyond the end of bipolarity China is the highest growth rates of its kind in the world and strategic weight at the regional and international level flying towards modernization and military institutions of higher population density and its cultural heritage, historical and cultural great, it has become a place of various think tanks and academic institutions specialized care throughout the world. The population (the human element) moving a vital factor in political unity, as well as increasing their importance, it is associated Bhgmehm distribution and their composition and national feelings of ethnic, social and Ansjammehm, and this factor is the essence of power in the state unless it is linked to the economic, political and military - inspiring.

التمثيل الخرائطي لمظاهر استعمالات الارض لمدينة ابي الخصيب وتقييمها لعام 2014 باستخدام تقنيتي الاستشعار عن بعد ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية == Cartographic Representation Of Land Use For Abu Al - Khaseeb City And Its Evaluation In - 2014 Using Remote Sensing And Geographic Information Systems Technology

اسم المؤلف: جمعة مبارك عزيز الخفاجي
اسم المشرف: طارق جمعة علي المولى
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تناولت الدراسة ثلاثة محاور تمثل الاول في بناء قاعدة معلومات متكاملة عن منطقة الدراسة استنادا الى معطيات الاستشعار عن بعد اذ استخدمت بيانات للقمــر الاصطناعـــي الامريـــكي(Land Sat)، فضلا عن استخدام بيانات القمر(Quick Bird 2) ومرئية(NDVI) المستخلصة من | The Study examined the Three Axes the First represents the construction of an integrated database for the Study area based on the data of Remote Sensing as Study used data from the US artificial satellite (Land Sat), as well as the use of Satellite data (Quick Bird 2) and visible (NDVI) derived from the Digital Processing Operations as well as data Digital Classification of Both Types (Supervised Classification and Unsupervised Classification ) and visual, as the Study area in the southeastern part of the province of Basra which its area (47 570) km2 in the district of Abu Al - khaseeb Center by 5.2% of the total amount of the district space (908 ) km2 located between astronomical latitudes (30°, 24?.55?? O30°, 27?.50?) in the North and along the brackets (47°, 53?.48? O48°, 1?, 48?) to the East, the city's population is estimated to be (128 682) people. The Second Axes Representation of Cartographic for land use and then Evaluated within some spatial and Statistical tools available within the GIS Environment (GIS) after the election of a Number of criteria such as : standard size (using the query tool (Area Query), Standard efficiency distribution uses by Using the link Neighboring coefficient ( (Nearest Neighbor Analysis, Standard direction of the distribution of actual and ideal uses Using the Default Positioning Point (ideal) (Central Feature) and the actual Point of concentration ((Mean Central, Standard Easy Access to the Service Using the Service range (Buffer), the Standard Number of Population whom are serviced by using congruence (overlay ) and the Intersection between the Classes (intersect), concluded the Study through these tools to the digital maps showed several of those uses is obvious inability to meet the requirements of the Population within the local Standards, in particular the use of the Service. In the Third Axes, the Study concluded that the adaptation of Technicians available in the GIS can be used to create the optimal Sites for New Services. constructing convenience spatial model (Suitability Model) as the retina (Raster) to the Best Site.

تصميم نظام معلومات جغرافي لتقييم كفاءة محطات تصفية المياه في مدينة البصرة : دراسة في جغرافية المدن == Designing A Geographic Information System To Evaluate The Efficiency Of Water Treatment Plants In The City Of Basra : A (Study In Urban Geography)

اسم المؤلف: غزوان اسحاق يعقوب
اسم المشرف: صلاح هاشم زغير الاسدي | خديجة عبد الزهرة حسين
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اعتمدت الدراسة الحالية تصميم نظام معلومات جغرافي لتقييم كفاءة محطات تصفية المياه في مدينة البصرة، وتاتي اهمية هذا الموضوع من خلال الطلب المتزايد على المياه لاسباب عدة اهمها الزيادة السكانية والتوسع المساحي للمدينة،ووجود مشكلة حقيقية تتعلق بقلة كمية المياه | The current study adopted the design a geographic information system to evaluate the efficiency of water treatment plants in the city of Basra, and the importance of this issue through the growing demand for water for several reasons, the most important population increase and expansion of the areal of the city, and the existence of a real problem concerning the lack of water quantity and poor quality, but the purpose of the adequacy of the amount of water evaluation produced in the filter plants, it had to be the spatial distribution of plants, and the statement of its production capacities, and the spatial distribution of the network of pure water distribution, and representation Jaraittiya adoption of GIS technology (Arc Gis) and software (Arc Map), then divide the study area into nine ranges of service, According to the plants fed by comparing the amount of daily consumption of the population and housing units with the amount of the actual energy that feeds its service ranges, it showed the study of two types of the first service ranges in which the deficit in the amount of produced water, and the second showed a surplus which, the quantitative assessment of the distribution network showed three types of the service ranges, the first amount of water which is sufficient and the power of compressed high - called pregnancy higher the applicable zone, and the second a few quantity of water and the strength of compressed high - called load applied to the Mediterranean region, and the third a few quantity of water and the strength of low pressure called the pregnancy low applied area. while the qualitative assessment of the efficiency of plants and distribution network in the light of the demonstrated biological analyzes, chemical, physical, and comparing the approved standards at the ministries of health and the environment, and showed a negative study, some analyzes in some stations and different points of the distribution network, and positive to each other, and the study showed expectations increase future in the numbers of the population and housing units, and increase consumption. The results of the study to the following : 1 - that the filter stations are not working their energy design and available, but working the actual her energy, which vary from one station to another, from one chapter to another, as a result of association with hours of operation, where total in the winter of 2014 separated about (672937.5 m 3 / day), while total in summer about 624843.75 m3 / day).) 2 - total service ranges from pure water consumption in 2014 amounted to about (778338.08 m 3 / day), and the study pointed to a decrease in the amount of production as much as in the winter about ( - 105400.58 m 3 / day), and in the summer about ( - 153 494.33 m3 / day).3 - study pointed to expectations of future increase in population and housing units, and an increase in the amount of consumption is expected to reach in 2020 about (924100.6 m 3 / day), and is expected to reach the lack of production is about ( - 251156.1 m3 / day), if I stayed stations the same current production capacities

المولدات الكهربائية في محافظة البصرة : دراسة في الجغرافية الصناعية == Electricity Generators In Basrah Province (A Study In The Geography Of Power)

اسم المؤلف: شروق طالب عبد الوهاب
اسم المشرف: كفاية عبد الله عبد العباس العلي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Power is the back bone for modern civilization. Moreover, it is the vital element for agriculture, industry and prosperity. Iraqi citizens have suffered a lot because of fluctuation of power which is supplied. This has pushed people to look for different alternatives. One of these is using power generators which are considered now as inseparable part of modern life in Iraq in general and in Basrah in particular. Still, this solution is regarded by many people as insufficient and negative solution which is imposed by the security conditions that the country has experienced. The solution actually has some advantages in providing power to fill the gaps of the programmed cuts but the use of these generators has also some disadvantages. It is supposed that after the embargo and the political change, things would change and this phenomenon would shrink and decline with time and the improvement of the network. What happens in reality is that the deterioration is still going on the main power supply. Actually, there is a shortage of research concerning this topic and we are not exaggerating in saying that this is the first and only study on this topic at the level of departments of Geography at the Iraqi universities. The study aim at revealing the real situation of using power generators in Basrah Province. The study consists of six chapters : Chapter One introduces the importance of electricity power, its use and how it is imported to the country and to Iraq. In addition, it defined what is meant by generators and where they are used in Arab countries.Chapter Two deals with the economic and geographic factors that lead to the use of these generators i.e., temperature, wind, rain, fuel, land, water, population, marketing, income, capital, transportation, governmental policy and power supply system.Chapter Three covers the classification of these generators according to property and popwer in relation to sectors in addition to the geographic distribution of these generators. Among the districts of the province.Chapter Four tackles power production from stations in Basrah. It also tackles the production of power by the generators and the geographic distribution in relation to the different districts of the province.Chapter Five covers the consumption of the power of the generators and the geographic distribution in addition to the properties of this consumption.Chapter Six deals with the problems of these generators

تاثير الصناعة النفطية في تلوث الترب الزراعية لقضائي القرنة والمدينة : دراسة في جغرافية التلوث البيئي == The Impact Of Oil Industry Pollution On Agricultural Soils For Qurna And Madina Districts (Study Of Ecological Pollution In Geography

اسم المؤلف: سها وليد مصطفى السلمان
اسم المشرف: نصر عبد السجاد الموسوي | نايف محسن عزيز
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Pollution caused by the oil industry and its impact on agricultural soils are among the most serious problems that threaten the integration of the natural environment and human beings. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of showing the extent of the influence of the oil industry (oil hydrocarbons and some heavy metals) on the pollution of agricultural soils and surface water and comparing the concentrations of these pollutants with the permitted environmental standards. The study shows the role of the geographical area characteristics, the physical and chemical properties of soils contribution to the concentrations of pollutants variation in soils, water and plant of the area according to the temporal and spatial dimensions. Therefore, the study is concerned with the effect of oil pollution on agricultural soils as regards cadastral dimensions and agricultural crops as well as the number of workers in the agricultural sector and the possibility of developing methods to treat the soils affected by those pollutants. Fifty one samples of soils, water and plants of the study area were collected and analyzed.Forty samples were collected from soil sites located within the administrative boundaries of the area : (20) samples for each season (winter and summer) in 2014 at two depths (0 - 30 - 31 - 60 cm).A laboratory analysis was conducted to determine the concentrations of the physical ,chemical properties of oil and contaminants represented bypetroleum hydrocarbons HC and some heavy metals (cadmium Cd,Nickle Ni, lead Pb, copper Cu and cobalt Co). Six samples werecollected from the surface water of the area : (3) samples of each season(winter and summer) during the agricultural season in 2014 andlaboratory analysis was conducted to measure the concentrations of oilpollutants (above - mentioned) and (5) samples were collected of of okraAbstract222plant during the due period (April 2014) and were analyzed to measurethe concentrations of pollutants in the plant.One of the findings of this study is that the geographical characteristics(natural and human) have a role in differing concentrations of oilpollutants values. The study showed that there is a clear temporal andspatial contrast in physical and chemical soil properties where theconcentrations of oil pollutants were higher in summer (October) in 2014than in winter (May 2014). The results recorded high concentrations ofpollutants values nearby sites of oil production sources. This studyindicated that the concentrations of pollutants in surface water samplesfor the study area were temporal and spatial, where pollutant valuesincreased in winter more than summer. This study showed that theconcentrations of pollutants values in okra were high and exceededpersistent environmental limits. As the study showed , there is a cleardecline in the cultivated land area of winter and summer crops and a cleardecline in the number of workers in the agricultural sector.

التمثيل الخرائطي لمظاهر التصحر في محافظة البصرة باستخدام تقنيتي الاستشعار عن بعد ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية == Cartographic Representation Of Aspects Of Desertification For Basrah Governorate Using Remote Sensing And Geographic Information Systems Technology

اسم المؤلف: عمار عبد الرحيم حسين المندلاوي
اسم المشرف: عبد الامام نصار ديري ناصر المظفر | حسن عداي كرم الله
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اعتمدت الدراسة تقنيتي الاستشعار عن بعد (R.S) ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS) في تمثيل مظاهر التصحر في محافظة البصرة على مدى الاربعين سنة الماضية (1973 - 2013)، ومحافظة البصرة من المحافظات العراقية ذات الاهمية الاستراتيجية، تقع جنوب العراق بين دائــرتـي عرض(2 | The study deals with the Remote Sensing techniques and Geographic Information System (GIS) in the representation of the manifistications of desertification in Basra province through the last forty years (1973 - 2013). of course , Basra province has an important strategic location amang other Iraqi province , for its situation is between latitudes (29? 6? 21? &31? 16? 45?) north and longitudes (46? 43? 33? &48? 37? 31?)to the east rond (17700 km2). As it includes wide plane lands and untapped often faced by a series of geographic factors which have led to desertification of the various forms of soil desertification. The study used sensors data (MSS , TM and LDCM) of the American Artificiat sat (Land Sat) , as well as using Sat data (Quick Bird 2 ) for three images Sattelite for the years (1973, 1990 and 2013) to determine the manifestications of desertification and the most important development which changes by analyzing the reflective properties spectral features floor of the study area visually and mechanically. The study relied an several indexs in the study and controlling aspects of desertification index (SI) for the study of soil salinity index (EMI) to measure wind erosion index (NDVI) for measuring the intensity of natural plant and other indexs cover , all of which show that the total desertified area in Basra province was (3156.2 km2) in 1973 it rose to (4714.6 km2) in 1990 and increases to (7803.3 km2) in 2013 to the appearance of salinity and wind erosion only sand and dunes. Matching Cartographic reveal the complex process (appropriate spatial) that natural factors played amajor role in increasing the desertified area Basra province suffers from desertification in general and particularly in Western divisions.

التحليل المكاني للخدمات التعليمية والصحية في مدينة الزبير : دراسة في جغرافية المدن == Spatial Analysis Of Educational And Health Services In The City Of Zubayr : A Study In Urban Geography

اسم المؤلف: صفا رحيم مفتن العبودي
اسم المشرف: صلاح هاشم زغير الاسدي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: جغرافية المدن
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: التحليل المكاني للخدمات التعليمية والصحية في مدينة الزبير رسالة ماجستير تبحث في تباين التوزيع المكاني للخدمات التعليمية والصحية ومستوى كفاءتها في المدينة التي تتكون من (26) حي سكني توزعت عليه 3روضات و95 مدرسة ابتدائية و(38) مدرسة ثانوية ومعهد المعلمين ومه | This study, which is entitled "Spatial Analysis of Educational and Health Services in the Zubayr City : A Study in Urban Geography" examines the disparity of the spatial distribution of educational and health services and the level of efficiency of these services in the city, which consists of 26 residential neighborhoods, containing three kindergartens, 95 primary schools and 38 High School and the Institute for Preparing Teachers and one vocational school.About the health services the city include single hospital , 9health centers , single public clinic , clinics for health insurance , single special center , group of clinics,pharmacies and special laboratories.The disparity in the distribution of these services indicates that the city has not achieved the required level in performing those services yet. And this results in a lot of challenges which are reflected on people in the study area.The study stems from a basic concept, which is that educational and health services are very important and essential element in the life and progress of any country in the world, especially the developing countries, because the great majority of people are in bad need for these services.The study of spatial distribution of such services is one of the things that are performed by planning in order to develop these services and increase their effectiveness and making them accessible to the majority of the population. The study, eventually, tries to visualize the future of those services in the city of Zubayr in order to make them more efficient and effective by 2020The study contains 48 maps, 78 tables, 7 figures in addition to the appendices, a Bibliography and the summary in English.The study concludes that there is a shortage and an imbalance in the distribution of the services covered by the study, what affect the efficiency of these services and deprives neighborhoods of these services in addition to great difficulties faced by the beneficiaries in getting these services.The study proved that the spatial distribution of educational and health services in the city of Zubayr is inefficient. Therefore, some maps were prepared to show the failure in distributing of these services due to the accurate Standards of planning.

مناطق العوز البيئي والصحي في مدينة البصرة : دراسة في جغرافية البيئة والصحة == Environmental And Health Destitution Areas In Basrah City : Study In Environmental And Health Geography

اسم المؤلف: معد داود جاسم الربيعي
اسم المشرف: امال صالح عبود الكعبي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تناول الدراسة تحديد مناطق العوز البيئي والصحي ومستوياته في مدينة البصرة وذلك من خلال قراءة مكانية لبعض المعطيات المرتبطة بالبيئة الحضرية وقياس كفاءة خدمات مراكز الرعاية الصحية لاولية. بالاضافة الى انتشار الامراض الانتقالية في المدينة. حيث تناولت الدراسة ا | This research deals with determination of the environmental and health destitution areas in Basrah city and their levels. This is through spatial investigations for some data related with the urban environment first. Also Measuring the efficiency of primary health care centers second.In addition to spread of communicable diseases in the city. On the basis of the above mentioned factors, the study was built from four chapters. The first , clarify the historical development of primary health care centersand municipal Services such as Cleaning , quality of liquefaction water and sewage services.The second chapter discussed some environmental problems which are facing the city population like a household waste, contamination of drinking water and the collapse of the sewerage network. Oslo it deals with the environmental variables such as population crowding, housing space, the type of construction material, home garden. As for the third chapter included the analysis of the health setting in the city through the measurement of the efficiency of health centers based on local health standards.With respect to the fourth chapter , it classified the environmental and health destitution areas into several levels. In addition to the most important social and economic characteristics that could contribute to the growing phenomenon of environmental and health destitution in the city. The study came up with a number of results represented as follows : - Most (98.5%) of Basrah city population is within the scope of the environmental destitution. However, there are spatial variation in environmental destitution among the areas of the city, which was the result of a difference to the shortfall in the efficiency of the environmental indicators prevailing in each area of the city. - All areas of the city are within the health destitution, according to the health status indicators mentioned earlier. In the light of the criteria under which were identified the areas of health destitution areas in the city. But there is a spatial disparity in the health destitution levels , which was the result of a difference for the shortfall in the efficiency of health indicators, which is practiced in every neighborhood of the city of the Basrah city. - A set of economic and social factors have contributed to the growing phenomenon of environmental and health destitution in the city such as education, soccupation and monthly income rates

التحليــل الجغـرافـي لمعامل تعبئة الغاز ومحطات الوقود في محافظة البصرة : دراسة في جغرافية الصناعة == Geographical Analysis Of Gas Filling Plants And Fuel Stations In Basra Province (Study At Industrial Geography)

اسم المؤلف: اسحاق نمر عبد الحسين
اسم المشرف: كفاية عبد الله عبد العباس العلي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The marketing of liquid gas has a great importance at present time as a result of its roles in different aspects of life. The daily need of fuel had led to the increased demand of petroleum products for their various uses in industrial, commercial, and domestic fields. Such products represent the most significant factors reflecting economic and social conditions in any society, in addition to the degree of its improvement and development. From that angle comes the importance of this research which aims at detecting the reality of the spatial distribution of filling plants and fuel stations being the most familiar marketing facilities of petroleum industry in Basra Province. The research also aims at exploring the factors affecting the distribution of such facilities and the environmental impacts on surrounding atmospheres. The study results showed that the distribution of the mentioned marketing facilities is adequate with population density at administrative units. Also, there appears to be a group of factors affecting their distribution; among them are natural factors like climate conditions among others, while other factors are epidermal like population, transportation routes, and governmental interference.The current study is made of four chapters. The first of which deals with the historical development of gas filling plants and fuel stations, which reflects its continuous increase to suit population growth since the middle of 1900s till our current time in a proportional manner and to cover local daily need of such products necessary to life. The second chapter in concerned with the functional performance of plants and stations within the geographical area of Basra on accordance with natural and epidermal factors contributing to their establishment and improvement, provided that the current study is the first to examine this crucial facilities in Basra. The third chapter concerns the classification of such facilities according to different bases like ownership, required manpower, and their capacities. In addition to that, it sheds the light on their spatial distribution by using normative degrees as an accurate statistical method showing their disparity in administrative units related to Basra with reference to population count and economic activity. Also, the correlation coefficient refers to differences of factors affecting such distribution, like population size, the distance from supplying sources, transportation routes, etc. Then comes the fourth chapter which is dedicated to detect monthly and annual supply sources and rates of factories represented by South Oil Company which in turn represents about 60 - 70 % of the liquid gas quantities supplied in the Province, while the rate of the second supplying source represented in Basra Refinery is about 30 - 40 % only, because the gas produced therewith is a subsequent of refining operations. As for the process of supplying stations with fuel, it is made clear that all stations working in Basra receive daily supply according to weekly - organized plans to determine quantities of each station and supplying port with reference to importance and geographical location. The Study shows the presence of several problems affecting the work mechanism of these important marketing facilities. Among them are problems with factories and stations, like vaporization and the lack of power supply, as well as other problems of facilities resulting from pollution and other reasons. The most important results of the study show that all filling plants and fuel stations acting in Basra are controlled by a weekly supply plans organized by Gas Filling Company and Oil Products Distribution Company on accordance with the importance and geographical location of each plants and stations. In addition, the study shows the spatial misdistribution of filling plants and fuel stations, as some plants and stations are seen to have density in certain administrative unit while others are not. As example, the centers of Al - Zubair and Abu Al - Khaseeb territories are characterized with the density of gas filling plants and fuel stations; as three plants for each and on the rate of 21,42 %, in addition to 11 and 12 fuel stations on the rate of 31,25 % and 14,45 % for each respectively. On the other hand, the center of Midaina territory and nearby areas (Ezz Al - Din and Al - Sadeq) are empty of filling plants despite the high population density. This matter requires the rely upon the filling plant in Qurnah territory, which is the main source of covering local consuming need of the two territories.

الاستهلاك الاسبوعي من المواد الغذائية للاسرة في مدينة البصرة واثاره الصحية : دراسة في الجغرافية الصحية == Weekly Consumption Of Food Stuff And Its Healthy Effects On The Family In Basrah City : A Study In Healthy Geography

اسم المؤلف: صباح صكبان سعدون
اسم المشرف: داود جاسم الربيعي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study aims at shedding the light, from geographic analytical viewpoint, on the weekly consumption of foodstuffs of family and its relevant impacts in Basrah. That's because the relation between food and health is among the crucial matters that became the concern of many researchers from various scientific and humanitarian disciplines. The said matter even exceeds that stage to reach the international concern level, as food security is a highly sensitive issue determining the existence of people and countries. Thus, it can be seen how nutrition forms a major basis to the health of society individuals and to maintain their lives and safety. Decrease or decrease of necessary nutrition makes people subject to diseases. The proper nutrition is the most important factor to achieve health and safety at all age groups, from childhood to old age stages. The problem of the study lies within the divergence of quality and quantity of foodstuffs weekly consumed by family in Basrah.The compliance with nutrition requirements of family members has the most priority of fundamentals taken into consideration at planning for the preparation of food and meals. Therefore, those in charge of the selection and preparation of food should have a concept of nutrition requirements of family members in accordance with age groups being planned for. That requires food options selected to be properly built on accurate scientific bases and fundamental.The current study accredits certain geographic approaches, starting from the field approach standing upon detecting a phenomenon and furtherly exploring it by means of personal interview with families, filling a questionnaire form prepared in advance; then applying the descriptive approach to give a comprehensive accurate description of that phenomenon by form of numbers. After that comes the analytical approach according to the study sample representing 2% of families at each district included within the study area. The study covers 770 families (6043 members). They answered the questionnaire questions concerning weekly consumption of foodstuffs with reference to accredited qualities and quantities, their impacts on weekly consumption, as well as the relation to some diseases caused by weekly foodstuffs consumption.The study consists of four chapters; the first of which deals with the theoretical and conception frame. This first chapter includes two sections; the first of which is the theoretical frame while the second is the study conceptions. The second chapter deals with some demographic, economic, social, and residential characteristics of family. Then comes the third chapter covering food consumption and weekly meals consumed by family. The fourth chapter concerns with health impacts caused by food consumption. Later, the study ends at certain suggestions and recommendations.reached by the course of study are : conclusionsAmong the most important1 - The existence of divergence on the level of residential districts of Basra in terms of weekly consumption of foodstuffs, as it is shown how there is clear divergence in quality and quantity, leading to some pathological cases caused by such family consumption.2 - The economic factor is among the most influential factors to family foodstuff consumption according to residential districts, as firm connection ties disclosed.3 - Social and residential factors have direct and indirect impacts to family foodstuff consumption, like educational level, family size, income, and habitation type.4 - The decreased nutrition knowledge of many families located within the study area.5 - The existence of spatial divergences at malnutrition diseases cases in connection to family foodstuff consumption at the study area.The study recommends the following : 1 - The conduct of a scientific study at various levels and abilities with a governmental support to explore nutrition status of Iraqi population, for the disclosure of nutrition needs of population, and examining the diseases caused by foodstuffs consumption, as well as the way to treat such diseases.2 - Accreditation of nutritional and health cultural knowledge at study curricula for all age groups, starting by early children education, primary schools, and reaching to Iraqi universities, to educate people on the importance of nutrition information and their connection to human health.3 - Reinforcing governmental efforts to take care with sensitive social groups (children, teenagers, pregnant women, breast - feeding women, and old agers) for their intense vulnerability to family nutrition status, by means of providing necessary health care.4 - The necessity of holding training courses to educate housewives about nutrition importance, as administered by governmental foundations and civil society organizations interested in the field of woman. Such courses may be held according to different age groups to educate women the proper ways in healthy cooking and the choice of notorious and useful food rich by notorious elements.5 - Graduation of cadres specialized in the field of nutrition through the opening of institutes and colleges to study the healthy nutrition.

تحليل جغرافي لظاهرة التصحر في قضاء علي الغربي - محافظة ميسان == Geographical Analysis Of Desertification In Ali Al Gharbi District - Maysan Governorate

اسم المؤلف: نقاء سلمان جاسم الربيعي
اسم المشرف: عبد الله سالم عبد الله المالكي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اختصت هذه الدراسة بظاهرة التصحر في قضاء علي الغربي الذي يشغل القسم الشمالي والشمالي الغربي من محافظة ميسان بمساحة تبلغ 3596,85كم2 وتشكل نسبة 22,4% من اجمالي مساحة المحافظة البالغة(16072كم2). وقد اسهمت مجموعة من العوامل الجغرافية الطبيعية والبشرية في نشوء | This study has dealt with desertification in Ali al - Gharbis district which Occupies the northern and western north parts of Maysan Governorate, It stretches over an area around 3596.85 km2. It also amounts to about 22.4% of the total of the governorate.A group of natural geographical and human factors have contributed to The rise and increase of desertification in the district, they are represented of dry & hot Climate , Chemical and physical features of the soil , and the quality of surface and subterranean water along with the low of natural plant.In addition there is a misuse of natural resources which include soil , water and wild plants. All these factors have resulted in the rise of high Salinity , wind erosion , sand dunes and dust in the atmosphere , which are geographically distributed in the district.The key feature in the study area is shown in the salinity of the soil and the spread of sand dunes. These features however have exercised their impacts ecologically and economically. The most prominent of these are the contraction of cultivation on arable lands and the decline in productivity of the soil.Moreover superiority is given to the salinity - enduring plants and the rise in production and reclamation of lands can also be traced. The study also shown the danger incurred by desertification in the district, the areas that are exposed to sever and very sever desertification are2903 km2 which represent 80.7% of the total area. Efforts are there for needed to help curtail the negative impacts of desertification. The best possible ways to lessen the negative influences of desertification include land reclamation and the adoption of reassemblemethods in agriculture and the development of natural pastures and the fortification of sand dunes through temporary and durable methods

التركيب التعليمي لسكان قضاء المدينة == The Educational Structure Of The Population Of The Medina

اسم المؤلف: محمد سجاد عبد محسن
اسم المشرف: صادق جعفر ابراهيم
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: لاشك ان التعليم بجوانبه المتعددة يعد من اهم ركائز التنمية البشرية وابرز مؤشراتها، وهو حجر الاساس لرقي وتقدم الشعوب، فضلا عن كونه الركن الاهم القادر على خلق وبناء العناصر البشرية المؤهلة لاستغلال الموارد الطبيعية التي لا تكفل تحقيق التنمية بمعزل عن وجود ال | There is no doubt that education with its multiple aspects is one of the most important human development pillars and the leading indicators, which is the foundation stone for the advancement and progress of peoples, as well as being the most important corner of the capability of creating and building qualified human resources for the exploitation of natural resources which do not ensure development in isolation from the presence of capable and qualified human element to exploit those resources optimally. The research aims to identify an important characteristic. The most important characteristics of the population is the educational status which is one of the main indicators of the extent of the community's awareness and intellectual maturity, and the extent of his awareness of the importance of education, the study addressed the gender and age combination and environmental distribution of the population and then spatial variation of illiteracy and subsidence and infiltration as well as the reality of Education with judiciary, and the subject of the enrollment to Education and then Relative distribution of the population at various stages of education, starting from the case of illiteracy and ending with the postgraduate studies at the level of the judiciary as a whole and at the level of provincial units. The study also linked the status of education with demographic indicators, other economic indicators such as fertility , occupation and the relationship with each other and then this relation was tested by a factor of Spearman correlation. The last chapter of the study came to the most influential variables in the educational structure of the population of the city and the search for contrast factors among the administrative units of judiciary and the spatial relations that explain this discrepancy and explains these changes and studying the temporal difference in the educational structure and the knowledge of the change in the educational structure of the population that happened between the years (1997 and 2014) of the studying area, especially after the wars and the economic blockade. The researcher used the analytical descriptive approach supported by statistical tactics to detect the spatial variation of the phenomenon being studied, as well as searching for the variables that help the researcher in the interpretation of spatial variation of the educational installation and geographic factors affecting the contrasts in the phenomenon studied. With regard to the sources of the study, it has been relied on the data released by the Ministry of Planning, represented with sources, official pamphlets as well as letters and published research and scientific journals and theses. The study used statistical bag of Social Sciences (SPSS) to show the simple Order Spearman correlation coefficient and also used standard class and the study consisted of five chapters as well as the introduction and conclusion.The study found many conclusions including finding a positive development in educational services (1997 / 1998 - 2013 / 2014) both in terms of increasing the number of schools or preparing the pupils and students and the increasing in students enrolled in the academic for the year (2013/2014) in the primary stage and the secondary due to multiple social and economic factors, as well as the increasing of the number of female of primary and secondary stage during the period (1997 / 1998 - 2013 / 2014) and the happening of a large leak in the primary and secondary school start from (2009 - 2010) until (2013/2014) with a gradual decline to the last year. As for Illiteracy, it has concentrated in the group age of (15 - 44) as the percentage reached (45.5%) in 1997 and fell to (41.2% ) and reduction of the illiteracy rate of the population of the judiciary (12 years and above)from (32%) to (26.9%) for the period (1997 - 2014), also the illiteracy rates is higher for females than males for the same period with the direction to decrease for both types. The illiteracy rate drops in rural areas compared to urban areas for all administrative units because of inadequate services in rural areas as the study reached a high illiteracy rate in part of Imam Sadiq and EzAldeen Saleem in 1997 by (49.3% and 46.5%), respectively, each with a decline in 2014 plus the existence of an inverse relationship between education and fertility since the high level of education leads to a decline in the number of births, and vice versa, as well as a strong and positive relationship between education and the profession, as education affects in the different type of occupation, as well as the low quality of the educational levels during the period of the study due to mismanagement and negligence experienced by administrative units. The study also showed a high female ratios in educational levels in 2014, it is high in comparison to 1997 and the search reached a high degree certificate holder (elementary - and higher) in analogy between urban and rural areas for the years (1997 and 2014) and this is the result of group of forces and standing variables product set List forces and variables in the community of studying area that have been addressed in detail.
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