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تحضير وتشخيص وقياس تاثير الفعالية الحيوية لمشتقات الجالكون والبريميدين الجديدة المعوضة في المواقع 6.4.2 == Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Agents of New Chalcones, Pyrimidine Derivatives at 2, 4, 6 Positions

اسم المؤلف: اسراء شكيب عبد الرزاق القاضي
اسم المشرف: زكريا هادي ايوب | علي حمادي سمير
الموضوع العام: علوم الكيمياء
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Many researches in pyrimidine have interesting future in antimicrobial and pharmaceutical studies. For this purpose wedesign to synthesize compounds containing pyrimidines unitcontaining some effective biological active groups at positions - 2,4and 6, in order to increase the extension of its antimicrobial effect,like p - benzenesulphonamidophenyl, p - ureidophenyl, p(Nmethylamino) phenylazophenyl p,N - phthalimidophenyl and p(Nphthalimido)benzamido - N' - phenyl groups at position - 4, pchlorophenyl and p - nitrophenyl groups at position - 6, and oxo,imino, thioxo groups at position - 2.In order to build up such pyrimidines derivatives, thefollowing steps are involved : I. Synthesis of : A - p - acetylphenylbenzenesulphonamide [1a], by condensation ofbenzenesulphonylchloride with p - aminoacetophenone in thepresence of pyridine.B - p - acetylphenylurea [10a], by reaction of potassium cyanate withp - aminoacetophenone, in water solution containg acetic acid.H2N COCH3 phSO2Cl phSO2NHpyridineCOCH3[1a]H2N COCH3 KOCN CH3COOKGlacial CH3COOHCOCH3H2OH2NCONH[10a]AbstractIIglacialacetic acidH2N COOHCOCOOCNCOOCOOHC - p - acetyl - p'(N - methylamino)azobenzene [19a], by diazotization ofp - aminoacetophenone with sodium nitrite in presence ofhydrochloric acid, to give p - acetylphenyl diazonium salt, whichwas coupled with p(N - methylamino) aniline to give the titledcompound.D - N - (4 - acetyl)phenylphthalimide [28a], by reaction ofp - aminoacetophenone with phthalic anhydride in the presenceof glacial acetic acid.E - N(4 - acetylphenyl)p - (N - phthalimido)benzamide [37a]This compound was synthesized in three steps : Step I. Synthesis of 4 - N - phthalimidobenzoic acid, by reactionof phthalic anhydride with p - aminobenzoic acid in the presence ofglacial acetic acid.Step II. Synthesis of 4 - N - phthalimidobenzoyl chloride, byreaction of 4 - N - phthalimidobenzoic acid with thionyl chloride in drybenzene.dry BenzeneCNCOOCOOH SOCl2CNCOOC ClO[A] [28a]COCH2N C CH3OOglacialacetic acidOCNCOOC CH3O[19a]H2N COCH3H2OHClNaNO2Cl N2 COCH3MeNH NH2MeNH N N COCH3AbstractIIIStep III. Synthesis of 4(4' - acetylphenylamido)phenylphthalimide [37a], by reaction of 4 - N - phthalimidobenzoyl chloridewith p - aminoacetophenone in dry benzene.II. Chalconization processes, involve condensation of equimolarratio of compounds [1a], [10a], [19a], [28a] and [37a] withp - chlorobenzaldehyde and p - nitrobenzaldehyde in the presenceof sodium hydroxide to give p - substituted - 1,3 - diaryl - propene - 2 - 1 - one [2a], [3a], [11a], [12a], [20a], [21a], [29a], [30a] [38a] and[39a] as following scheme : III. Synthesis of 2,4,6 - substiuted pyrimidines : A - Condensation of equimolar ratio of following chalcones [2a],[3a], [11a], [12a], [20a], [21a], [29a], [30a], [38a] and [39a] withurea in the presence of sodium hydroxide, gave 4(p - subsituted) - phenyl - 6(p - subsituted) - phenyl - 2 - oxo(1H) pyrimidines [4a], [5a],[13a], [14a], [22a], [23a], [31a], [32a], [40a] and [41a].[A]C CH3OH2N CCNCOOC ClODry BenzeneCNCOOCCH3ONO H[37a][2a], [3a], [11a], [12a], [20a], [21a],[29a], [30a], [38a], [39a]Y COCH3 X CHO Y COCHMeNH NCH XEtOHNaOHH2OY= phSO2NH - , H2NCONH - ,X = Cl, NO2NCNCOOCNCOOCHNOand,AbstractIVB - But condensation of equimolar ratio of following chalcones [2a],[3a], [11a], [12a], [20a], [21a], [29a], [30a], [38a] and [39a] withquanidine hydrochloride in the presence of double molar ratio ofsodium hydroxide gave 4(p - subsituted)phenyl - 6 - (p - subsituted) - phenyl - 2 - imino (1H) pyrimidines [6a], [7a], [15a], [16a], [24a],[25a], [33a], [34a], [42a] and [43a].C - Upon condensation of equimolar ratio of following chalcones[2a], [3a], [11a], [12a], [20a], [21a], [29a], [30a], [38a] and[39a] with thiourea in the presence of sodium hydroxide, gave4(p - subsituted)phenyl - 6 - (p - subtituted)phenyl - 2 - thioxo(1H) - pyrimidines [8a], [9a], [17a], [18a], [26a], [27a], [35a], [36a],[44a] and [45a].[4a], [5a], [13a], [14a], [22a],[23a], [31a], [32a], [40a], [41a]Y COCH X YMeNH NNNHEtOHNaOHH2NY= phSO2NH - , H2NCONH - ,X = Cl, NO2N - ,CH C NH2OXOCNCOOCNCOOCHNOand[6a], [7a], [15a], [16a], [24a], [25a],[33a], [34a], [42a], [43a]Y COCH X YMeNH NNNHEtOHNaOHH2NY= phSO2NH - , H2NCONH - ,X = Cl, NO2N - ,CH C NH2.HClNHXNH2H2OCNCOOCNCOOCHNOandAbstractVAll new synthesized compounds [1a - 45a], are characterizedusing various spectral analysis FTIR, 1HNMR, 13C NMR and Massmeasurements.Antimicrobial activities of all types of synthesized compounds[1a - 45a] and p - aminoacetophenone[A] were examined againstGram - Ve (Serratia marcescens, pseudomonas aeroginosa),Gram+Ve bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and streptococcuspyogenes) and (candida albicans) fungi, in comparison withantimicrobial effect of known pharmaceutical antibiotics likeCephalexin, Amoxicillin, Tetracycline, Lincomycin and antifungalNystatine and Flucanazole, results show : First : Syntheized p - substituted acetophenone [1a], [10a],[19a], [28a], [37a] and p - aminoacetophenone[A], showed goodantimicrobial effect on (G - Ve) bacteria (Serratia marcescens andpseudomonas aeroginosa), better than used antibiotics and rank was[10a] > [1a] > [19a] > [A] > [28a], [37a].Second : Synthesized chalcones also have much better effectthan used antibiotics, but with small increasing effect that psubstitutedacetophenones on (G - Ve) bacteria (Serratia marcescensY COCH X YMeNH NNNHEtOHNaOHH2NY= phSO2NH - , H2NCONH - ,X = Cl, NO2N - ,CH C NH2SXS2H2OCNCOOCNCOOCHNOand[8a], [9a], [17a], [18a], [26a],[27a], [35a], [36a], [44a], [45a]AbstractVIand pseudomonas aeroginosa), in the fallowing rank [11a], [29a], [38a] > [2a], [20a], but in case of chalcone [21a] containing NO2 - group showed much better effect than others.Third : All Synthesized pyrimidines [4a], [5a], [6a], [7a], [8a], [9a], [13a], [14a], [15a], [16a], [17a], [18], [22a], [23a], [24a], [25a], [26a], [27a], [31a], [32a], [33a], [34a], [35a], [36a], [40a], [41a], [42a], [43a], [44a] and [45a] showed good antimicrobial effect, but much better than antibiotics used in these studies, specially that containing, thioxo and imino groups at position - 2.Fourth : All Synthesized compounds, p - substituted acetophenones, chalcones and pyrimidines [1a - 45a], showed very good inhibition effect on candida albicance fungi, specially, that chalcones [21a] and pyrimidine [22a] which contain azo group

احكام استخدام الادارة للقوة في مواجهة الاضطرابات العامة حماية للنظام العام : دراسة مقارنة == The provisions of the administration's use of force in the face of Protection of public order public unrest (A comparative study)

اسم المؤلف: حيدر علي حسين علي العقابي
اسم المشرف: محمد علوم محمد علي المحمود
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الاداري
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية القانون
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Aims administration when used for measures to control administrative to protect public order from any threat to him and force fall within the scope of the measures used by the administration to address the public unrest and notes that force a general concept and wide and found a number of linguistic definitions and jurisprudence have the legal Chiad did not exist only a few definitions did not means the Iraqi legislature defining force in spite of frequent appearance in the different legal texts, divided the forceused by the administration to two or two - fold, namely physical force, which includes a firearm and beatings with hands, sticks and other species have, and the second type is the moral force that relies on intimidation and coercion Cglq websites or confiscation of inciting terrorism or declare curfews in a particular area and other images of this force newspapers As the administration the authority to use force, but exceptionally so multiple or departments High varied use of force which is divided into departments from AUTHENTIC its use of force authority is the core competence and To Administrations of Dolly the original departments and be authorized to use force and also its example form the popular crowd, and noted that some of these departments use force and exercise their duties without that there should be a law regulating it or no law, but it is old and brief a Madeana to search it and the enactment of these departments to the importance of that in the practical application, the function of the administration is to protect public order, traditional and nontraditional its various components.And that the administration the authority to use force based on the number of legal bases which confers the status of legitimacy on the use of force is the famous legal basis for the authority of the administration to use force, and the ramifications of this foundation to a national basis and an international basis, the national and the foundation is intended to constitutional provisions in constitutions and legal texts in texts of various laws, regulations and instructions in addition to the judicial foundation of any decisions and judgments issued by national courts of the states, and the international foundation stems from international treaties and conventions and international conventions and declarations on human rights as well as international organizations, decisions such as the UN security Council and the General Assembly of the United nations. It is noted that the administration has no right to the use of force is permissible and absolutely always but should have to abide by a number of principles on which authority control when the use of force in order to ensure they do not exceed or arbitrariness in the use of force and these principles are many and varied What matters within the scope of our research three principles, namely, (doctrine of necessity use of force and the principle of proportionality and the principle of gradient) . The restriction to these principles is when do or provide the cause of the reasons for the authority of the administration to use force, it is without a reason zero, the use of force the authority of these reasons is the engine or generator President the authority of the administration to use force, and this causes the demonstrations illegal graduated from the scope of the project within the scope of the act Muharram or criminal, and terrorist activities and actions that move and the duty of the administration to prevent and control as well as the attempted coup against the regime in the country or change its constitution or system of government in the state and riots and many other of these reasons, and thus should be noted that the use of force in the face of demonstrations is exceptional from the original Contrary to public acts and terrorist activities and the attempted coup or attempted where it is a major and direct reasons for the use of force on the one hand the administration .And abuse or exceed their men represented by the use of force administration moves responsibility towards the damage caused by the use of force and this damage may be human lives may be money movable or immovable This responsibility knows of responsibility based on the law So artena after this study to the division of this research to the door and every door divided by into two classes, where we have dedicated the first section of the statement of the concept of power and the basis of the authority of the administration for use in Iraq and comparative law, and in Part II of the statement of reasons for the administration's use of force and the principles of the ruling in the Iraqi law and Almqa

عقد تامين المشاريع النفطية : دراسة مقارنة == Insurance contract for oil projects Comparative study

اسم المؤلف: بشرى رضا محمد عبد الله
اسم المشرف: راقية عبد الجبار علي
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون التجاري
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية القانون
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The governmental institutions in charge of the management of oil operations in Iraq did not have the necessary interest in insurance on oil projects the last century, hence most oil contracts came void of texts binding the contractor that he must have an insurance coverage against risks accompanying the oil industry, especially when the highest risks are a feature inherent to this industry more than other industries. This is due to the nature of the circulating materials in it and their capability to quick burning and complicating the manufacturing operations which require caution when dealing with them at all stages starting from the upstream, i.e. the search stage, and drilling and then extracting oil until reaching the downstream stage and sending the product to the consumer.Despite the existence of legislative texts that oblige the contractor, who is responsible of the operations of executing governmental projects, to have an insurance coverage on the finances existent in Iraq against risks to which they may be exposed, these laws are only considered in construction contracts rather than drilling and extraction contracts. Yet, foreign companies working in the mentioned field were insuring their projects for they realize its importance to preserve the project capital and their adherence to their States' laws as well as the existence of widespread markets in this field.However, at the beginning of the present century the insurance movement became active after many governmental institutions saw the importance of insurance in the domain of oil industry, being the optimal manner to insure the project's execution course if the risk insured against occurred, and the caution of big loss to which the project may be exposed. The presence of insurance makes both parties of the contract and the other, who will be exposed to damage due to that industry, feel safe and secure.Insurance is not only confined to compensating the loss, but its field also extends to studying the risk causes, putting solutions, making procedures that prevent and limit the occurrence of the risk insured* ***********************************************************Abstract)B ( الصفحةagainst and the preclusion of its aggravation by risk management. Despite the citation of texts in the oil contracts on the necessity of covering the oil project, yet due to the weak staff specialized in insurance processes in the oil governmental institutions and the ignorance in legal texts organized to insurance works, the items in those contracts came with unclear features in that the beneficiary of compensation value is not defined and also the contractor's responsibility in this respect is not defined.Those projects are characterized by their high cost which as a result leads to high loss scale if the risk occurs, and in turn to high compensation amount of money. Thus, the foreign companies executing oil projects should search for means of protecting their capitals by having an insurance coverage against the risks possible to occur so as to secure the compensation for the losses that may occur due to accidents.Therefore, we preferred to search in the topic of the insurance contract of oil projects through shedding the light on the characteristics of this contract and the most important documents that cover the risks of oil projects, the means and ways of settling the demands and claims of compensation at the occurrence of loss as well as the ways to solve and settle disputes.

النموذج القانوني للقاعدة الاجرائية الجزائية == The Legal base for the Penalty Procedural Rule

اسم المؤلف: شاكر نوري اسماعيل
اسم المشرف: كاظم عبد الله حسين الشمري
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الجنائي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية القانون
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The rules of criminal law have been found as to protect the rights and benefits as needed by any society and the violation of such rights considered the violation of the society security and its stability. This could be done through the rules of criminalization and punishment that could specifies the project through banned behaviors that should be taken into consideration by the society. This could be known as a tasking within these rules and specifying the part that should be applied against the person who violates that behavior. This part is considered as an essential element by which the rules are completed . The state should not apply such element , even though he acknowledges the crime , it ( the state ) should do that through the lawsuit that could be determined by the specialized authority until the issuance of a judgment and that is organized by the penalties procedural rules through which it could search for the availability of terms of such tasking in rules of criminalization and punishment and to show to what extent it could apply the penalty . It is the means by which the rules are to be applied . The rules of law and punishment remain still without the interference of the penalties procedural rules , its goal is to get to the truth for the state 's requirements in the punishment without violating the rights of individuals and their freedoms . It aims to fulfill the balance between the two oppositions, the first one is for the benefit of the society to know the reality and to punish the one who violates the security by committing the crime and the other one is for the benefit of the individuals in their freedoms . This could be carried out by specifying guarantees imposed on the state ; If the punishment be applied on an innocent person , then the effect will be larger on the society than the felon person . The violation of the penalties procedural rules is considered as a violation for the principle of the procedural rules.The law includes rules of penalty procedural bases , these rules are of different types, some of them are specified by the boards and devicesBundertaking the practicing of activities that control the crimes and the devices practicing the activities undertake the formation of these boards and to determine its specializations, this could be called as " Judicial organization" . Of these rules , are means that control the work of the boards and having the authority to take procedures and to show the main elements as to take permitted procedures, taking into consideration the search for the criminals and to collect evidences to investigate with the accused. This could be known as strict penalty procedural rules.As a result of the strict penalty procedural rules included by the law of penalty trials rules , the rules have been known in the light of its goals and they are considered as rules that place sufficient procedures to uncover the reality , to fulfill the criminal justice and to determine the judicial bodies specializing into applying these rules .The procedural rules are to organize the means of the social reaction before the crime and its committers through a set of procedures carried out by the specialized bodies . The rules are to follow up the crime committing and continuing until the issuance of judgment for that. Despite that, the criminal procedures start before the crime take place and they ( procedures) are surrounded with legal guarantees owing to the discovery of crime evidences and to place the person under accusation and permitted to take investigation procedures to confront him ( the accused).Thus , this subject has been taken into consideration for uncovering the philosophical bases of penalty procedural bases and to indicate its rules for securing these different benefits. This could be one by shedding the light on the procedural legal texts concerning with this subject and to indicate to the weak and strong points , then to explain things that impede these texts , entailing the Iraqi judiciary stance and jurisprudence opinions over unsettled matters with scientific legal method within the law of Iraqi penalty trails rules , No. 23 for the year 1971 and comparative procedural laws.Despite of what has been written about the penalty procedural rules , but they ( the rules ) have not sufficiently taken into consideration by the jurisprudence , legislation and judiciary in Iraq. .CFor these reasons, I have found myself to be motivated to write about this subject and I wish that this study will brings benefit to all.By analyzing the texts of penalty trails rules law , we have found that there are many defects in the procedural rules , thus it is necessitated to analyze the procedural rules and its bases and it should address the defects through indicating to the bases that should be taken into consideration within these rules .In our research , we focus on the general philosophical bases of penalty procedural rules and to know the total rules without discussing in details its subject matter , its procedural rules . In have depended on the comparative method for explaining the legal connection with the procedural rules. This could be carried out by comparing of what has been mentioned in the laws and jurisprudent writings , along with the stance of Iraqi judiciary from that ,as to indicate to the weak and strong points in the law of Iraqi penalty procedural rules , using analytical method in the legal texts and judiciary decisions.I have found that to get all sides of this subject , it should divide this research into two researches , the first one is about the penalty procedural rules that includes two chapters , the first one carries the title ( what is the penalty procedural rules ? and the second chapter will be under the title " The analysis of penalty procedural rules", while the second research comes with the title " The legal construction of penalty procedural base" that includes two chapters , the first one is under the title " The reverent benefit in the penalty procedural base, while the second chapter is about " the legal formation for the penalty procedural Rule"

البيوتيقا : دراسة في الاخلاقيات المعاصرة لعلوم الحياة

اسم المؤلف: ولاء جبار شنين
اسم المشرف: هبة عادل ابراهيم العزاوي
الموضوع العام: الفلسفة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الفلسفة الحديثة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الاداب - قسم الفلسفة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

مفهوم الحضارة في الفكر الغربي المعاصر : هربرت ماركيوز، كولن ولسن، الفن توفلر نماذج منتخبة == The concept of Civilization in the Contemporary Western thought.. Herbert marcuse , colin wilson , Alvin Toffler : specific aspects

اسم المؤلف: ماجد حميد راضي
اسم المشرف: محمد عبد الله جرو الخالدي
الموضوع العام: الفلسفة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الفلسفة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الاداب - قسم الفلسفة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

الخطاب السياسي عند ادوارد سعيد == The political discours of EDWARD SAID

اسم المؤلف: عدي حسن مزعل
اسم المشرف: فيصل غازي مجهول
الموضوع العام: الفلسفة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الفلسفة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الاداب - قسم الفلسفة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study analytically and critically discusses the political discourse of the American - Palestinian critic Edward Said (1936 - 2003). Edward Said wrote in many fields such as history, anthropology, the role of intellect, exile, the domination of media, cultural pluralism, religion, war, music, identity, Palestinian Issue for which he devoted many works, and literary critics, his field of specialization for which he assigned some works such as his dissertation for doctorate which was entitled "Joseph Conrad and the Fiction of autobiography" as well as "Beginnings : Intention and Method" and "The World, the Text and the Critic". However, the main domain that represents his project and expresses the essence of his ideas is the one which deals with the relationship between culture and colonialism, which is revealed in his products "Orientalism", and "Culture and Imperialism", and then, to a lesser degree "The Question of Palestine" and "Covering Islam".Edward Said was one of those who had experienced closely the effects of colonialism in dispersing, exiling and distorting the other whom the colonial culture ranked in the lower grade. This experience had a great influence on Said's intellectual engagements; rather it became a main source for reading western culture and its relation with imperialism. That culture arose in the age of enlightenment and lasted for long periods to be subject to an epistemic pattern which was resulted in what would be later known as "Western - Centrism". Such a centrism lasted for a long time without any radical critical revision to its construction and was embodied in epistemic systems like those that were resulted by Orientalism, the epistemic field whose ascension and spread synchronized with the expansion of great European powers, such as Britain and France, and later the United States of America, which, as a great post - world war power, inherited the traditions of Orientalism from Europe. Edward Said was among the most prominent critics who contributed in revising that culture, the revision upon which a new field was founded and was later known as post - colonialism studies. All that would not have happened without Said's strong and sedate arguments which came in accompaniment of his method; a pure western method borrowed from the most influential thinkers in western culture, especially Antonio Gramsci and Michel Foucault. This is an essential point which interprets the strength and importance of his works. Moreover, he treated areas which seemed, in essence, stable and beyond dispute. This was apparent in his two basic works "Orientalism" and "Culture and Imperialism

المنجز الفكري لعبد الوهاب المسيري == Abdul Wahab Al - Misseeri’s ALmunjaz Alfikri

اسم المؤلف: جوان خليل عزاوي
اسم المشرف: علي جبار عناد الجوراني
الموضوع العام: الفلسفة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الفلسفة الحديثة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الاداب - قسم الفلسفة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

اثر استراتيجية اوجد الخطا في تصحيح الاخطاء الاملائية لدى طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط == The Effect of A Strategy Find the fib in Correcting Misspellings At the Students Second Intermediate Class

اسم المؤلف: سعد فهد داخل الدلفي
اسم المشرف: رائد رسم يونس الزيدي
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: طرائق تدريس اللغة العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية التربية ابن رشد للعلوم الانسانية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This research aims at identifying a strategic impact that resulted in the error in correcting misspellings among intermediate second grade students.To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher put the following zero hypothesis : - There is no statistically significant difference between the average scores of the experimental group who study spelling with a strategy (error finding) and the average scores of the control group students who study spelling in the traditional way. The researcher followed the experimental approach and adopted a partial experimental design, which is the design of the experimental group and the control group, the post - test. The researcher chose the sample of his research consisting of (78) students, divided into (38) students of the experimental group, and (40) students of the control group, in the middle of Imam Ali Al - Hadi (peace be upon him) of the Directorate General of Education in the province of Baghdad .The researcher was rewarded between the students of the two groups of research in the following variables : (the age of time calculated in months, the academic achievement of the parents, the previous spelling information and the language ability), a number of extraneous variables were tried, which the literature and previous studies indicate may affect this type of design Experimental.The researcher himself studied the students of the two groups : experimental strategy (find error), and control in the traditional way during the duration of the experiment, which lasted a full semester (I).CThe researcher prepared a final test as a research tool, applying it to the research, experimental and control groups at the end of the experiment. Using the test for two independent samples, the search yielded the following result : There was a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the students of the two groups in correcting the spelling mistakes, and in the interest of the experimental group. In the light of the current research results, the researcher concluded a number of conclusions. The use of a "Find Error" strategy in teaching enables students to learn and correct spelling errors, which leads to an increase in student achievement in this subject.The researcher recommended several recommendations, including : the need to use the strategy (Find Error), teaching the spelling of the second grade average, as well as use in other stages of study, and with the branches of the Arabic language, after experimenting.In order to complete this research, the researcher suggested conducting a number of studies, including : a study aimed at showing the effect of the strategy (Find Error) in the linguistic intelligence of middle school students.

دراسة الدهون الاسفنجية النشطة بايولوجيا والانزيمات الاستقلابية في كل من تضخم البروستات الحميد وسرطان البروستات الخبيث == Bioactive Sphingolipids and metabolizing enzymes in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia and malignant prostate cancer

اسم المؤلف: رغدة عبد المنعم رزوقي
اسم المشرف: رائد جاسم محمد التميمي | اسامة سليمان قدوري الناصري
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء الحياتية الطبية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Bioactive Sphingolipids an important molecules of structural and signaling lipids. In this study was highlight on new biomarkers uses to investigate prostate cancer by using new method HPLC fluorescence detector to measure concentration and activity enzymes sphingosine - 1 - phosphate lyase enzyme (SPL) and Acid Ceramidase enzyme (AC) by used new material (BODIPY) aromatic structural is binding with enzymes and give fluorophore product sensitive by HPLC fluorescence detector in patients have BPH and PC in serum and tissue and comparing with healthy men as (control). Eliza method was used to measured sphingosine - 1 - phosphate and Ceramide in patients (BPH and PC) in serum and tissue with controls in serum. Sphingolipids metabolites pathological processes, are established regulators of myriad cellular and sphingolipids research is intricate due to the role of these molecules in vastly different biologics, interconnected metabolic pathways and structural properties. Ceramide and sphingosine - 1 - phosphate (S1P), SGPL and AC have been defined as reciprocal regulators of cellular fate, and not surprisingly have been targeted for their role in cancer and their therapeutic potential, sphingolipid metabolic enzymes and lipids are metabolically interconnected and highlight recent findings to support the reciprocal role of Ceramide and S1P in cellular processes and in cancer. Studies show increase levels markers in serum and tissue in BPH and PC with healthy men and different Km and V max in AC and SPL between healthy, BPH and PC patients also this reaction was noncompetitive inhibition with enzyme because V max was change and Km was not change in all cases these results were accepted with studies in America and Spain (Liu, Y.Y.; Patwardhan, G.A.;et al. 2011).IXAim of study1 - 1 - The main aim of this study is found a new sensitive and specific bio markers for diagnosis prostatic cancer And other goals of conducting this study are : 2 - To measure activity of Acid ceramidase and Sphingosine - 1 - Phospate Lyase in sera and prostate tissue of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer and compare these activities of enzymes with normal controls.3 - To determine the concentration of bioactive Sphingolipids Ceramide and Sphingosine - 1 - phosphate in tissues and sera of the patients and control.4 - To correlate the level of bioactive lipids with serum PSA concentration to detect their use as additional biomarker for diagnosis and follow up of patient with prostate cancer.Methods : A case - control study design was employed in this study. On a total of 30 patients with confirmed PC, 30 patients with BPH and age matched 30 healthy men. Prostate tissue samples were obtained for patients were serum and urine samples were collected for patients and controls. Enzyme linked immune assay (Elisa) was used to measure S1P and Ceramide concentration in serum and tissue, while HPLC fluorescence detector was used to estimate activities of SPL and AC and measured Km and V max. Urine and serum samples were undergone biochemistry analysis. HbA1c was used to measure cumulative sugar for three groups. Protein in tissue was measure by brad ford method to PC and BPH patients.Results : The results showed that increase levels of Sphingosine 1 phosphate lyase and Acid ceramidase in serum and tissue in BPH and Malignant cancer in men these levels were different result in patient wereXtaken drugs or not and patients were taken chemotherapy or not and activity, Km and Vmax of enzyme SPL and AC were different in BPH and PC that men is inhibition enzymes was noncompetitive it had same Km but different data of control, BPH and PC men in tissue and serum.The concentration of S1P and Ceramide were different levels with control, and high levels in patients without any drugs or chemotherapy while levels of these markers still low with patients were taken drugs or chemotherapy and level of protein in tissue were raised. Results of biochemistry analysis still normal because we take patients without any D.M., renal failure, and hypertension.

معدل انتشار السمنة بين الطالبات المراهقات في المدارس الثانوية في مدينة الفلوجة 2017 == Prevalence of obesity among female adolescents in secondary schools in Al - Fallujah city 2017

اسم المؤلف: رغد باسم عبد الرزاق
اسم المشرف: علياء مكي حسن الصافي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: طب العائلة
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Obesity is a growing public health problem in both developed and developing societies. Changes in lifestyle, dietary habits, physical activity and the social and cultural environment are associated with the occurrence of obesity.Objectives : to estimate the prevalence of obesity among adolescent females in secondary schools in Al - Fallujah city and to highlight the possible factors that may be associated with obesity among the study sample.Methods : A cross - sectional study was conducted on the period from 1st - March till 1st - May - 2017, and involved a systematically chosen sample of 200 female students, 13 - 19 years old from a conveniently chosen two secondary public schools for females in Al - Fallujah city, Al - Anbar governorate. A questionnaire used to collect socio - demographic characteristics, dietary habits, daily physical activity and family history of obesity. Height and weight were measured to determine their BMI by using WHO BMI - for - age 2007 percentile references.Results : the prevalence of obesity for studied female students was 18% which was significantly associated with different age groups, positive family history of obesity, meals frequency (n/day), more sweets, potato crisps & carbonated beverages consumption, TV watching & playing videogames time (h/day) and home ownership.Conclusions : the prevalence of obesity was nearly one fifth of the studied population. So that health education programs about healthy lifestyle, healthy dietary habits and adverse health consequences of obesity and activation of the school sport lessons are essential to be implemented among secondary schools to help preventing obesity.

دالات بيوكيماوية جديدة للساركوبينيا والضعف العضلي لكبار السن في العراق العام الدراسي 2016 - 2017 == Novel Biochemical Markers for Sarcopenia and Muscle Frailty in Iraqi Elderly

اسم المؤلف: ولاء اسماعيل جاسم
اسم المشرف: هدف ظافر الياسين | نزارعبد اللطيف
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الكيمياء الحياتية السريرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعرف الساركوبينيا بانها النقصان التدريجي في قوة وكتلة العضلات الهيكلية وهذا يحصل بتقدم العمر. الساركوبينيا اما ان تكون ابتدائية سببها تقدم العمر فقط بدون وجود اي سبب اخر او ثانوية وسببها تقدم العمر الذي له علاقه بالفعالية , الامراض ولتغذية. العينات وطريقة العمل تم اخذ مجموعه عينات دم من اشخاص يرتادون المستشفى التعليمي في بغداد/قسم الروماتولوجي خلال الفترة من الاول من ايلول 2016 الى نهاية شباط 2017. تضمنت الدراسة 100 عينه لاشخاص يعانون من الساركوبينيا(50 امراه و50 رجل) و50 يبدون اصحاء كمجموعة سيطرة(25 امراه و25 رجل). اخذت المعلومات من جميع الاشخاص وقد تضمنت الجنس والعمر والاصابة بالامراض. ( استبعدالا شخاص الذين يعانون من الروماتيزم الرثوي, داء الذئبة الاحمراري، مرض السكري، امراض الغده الدرقية والاشخاص الذين يتعاطون ادويه تحتوي على ستيرويدات). تم تشخيص الاشخاص الذين يعانون من الساركوبينيا الابتدائية بواسطة اختبار الاداء الحركي لكبار السن وجهاز فحص هشاشة العظم (لتعيين مجموع كتلة عضلات الجسم وكتلة عضلات الهيكل العظمي، ومعامل كتلة الجسم. ). اجريت بعض التحاليل البيولوجية التي تضمنت تحاليل تخص الالتهابات مثل الانترلوكين - 6 والبروتين سي عالي الفعالية والالفا 1 انتي - كيموتربسين ولقياس تليفات العضلات (البروكولاجين تايب 3 ان ترمنل ببتايد) ولقياس التقاطع العضلي العصبي ( تركيز السي اكارين فركمنت )ولقياس نمو العضلات تم قياس المايوستاتين.كل المتغيرات البيولوجية قيست بواسطة استخدام تقنية الالايزا. النتائجمعدل قيم كل من كتلة عضلات الجسم والهيكل العظمي والالفا 1 انتي كيموتربسين في مجموعة السيطرة اعلى مما في مجموعة الساركوبينيا وفي الرجال اعلى من النساء وجميع القيم تقل بتقدم العمر. معدل قيم معامل كتلة الجسم ,الانترلوكين - 6 والبروتين سي عالي الفعالية، البروكولاجين تايب 3 ان ترمنل ببتايد وقياس تركيز السي اكارين فريكمنت والمايوستاتين في مجموعة السيطرة اقل من المجموعة المصابة بالساركوبينيا وفي النساء اعلى من الرجال وتزداد القيم بتقدم العمر. هنالك فروقات معنويه عالية في قيم جميع المتغيرات P≤0.01 بين مجموعة السيطره ومجموعة الساركوبينيهاما بالنسبة للفروقات المعنوية حسب الاعمار فهناك فروقات معنويه عالية بين كل المتغيرات البيولوجية P≤0.01ما عدا المايوستاتين حيث لا توجد فروقات معنويه بين قيمه P≥0.05اما بالنسبة للعلاقة بين المتغيرات اعتمادا على الجنس فهي ذات فروقات معنويه عالية P≤0.01 ماعدا قيم الفا 1انتي - كيموتربسين والسي اكارين فركمنت حيث كانت الفروفات معنويه P≤0.05 كما لم تكن هنالك فروقات معنويه بين البروكولاجين تايب 3 ان ترمنل ببتايد والسي اكارين فركمنت P≥0.05 المناقشه1 - معدل قيم كل من كتلة عضلات الجسم وكتله عضلات الهيكل العظمي والالفا 1 - كيموتربسين في مجموعة السيطرة اعلى مما في مجموعة الساركوبينيا وفي الرجال اعلى من النساء وجميع القيم تقل بتقدم العمر. السبب في ذلك قلة الالياف العضليه , قلة خلايا وحدة الحركه , قلةخلايا الارسال وزيادة كتلة الدهون في الاشخاص المصابين بالساركوبينيا. 2 - معدل قيم كل من الانترلوكين - 6 والسي بروتين عالي الفعالية يقلل من قوة العضلات في حين ان الالفا 1 - كيموتربسين يزيد من قوة العضلات عند الاشخاص المصابين بالساركوبينيا. والسبب في ذلك ان الالفا 1 - كيموتربسين تحمي العضلات من التلف اثناء الالتهابات ولكن زيادة معدل قيمة الانترلوكين - 6 يثبط عمل الالفا1 - كيموتربسين . وتزداد قيم السي بروتين عالي الفعاليه والانترلوكين - 6 بتقدم العمر وفي الرجال اكثر من النساء بسبب زيادة كتلة غضلات الجسم وكتلة عضلات الهيكل العظمي .3 - معدل قيم السي اكارين فركمنت في مجموعة الساركوبينيا اعلى منه في مجموغة السيطرة والسبب في ذلك عند اعادة بناء الخلايا العصبيه والعضليه عند كبار السن او المصابين بالساركوبينيا الاكارين ينقسم بواسطة انزيم الكيموتربسين ويطرح السي اكارين فركمنت الى الدم وتزداد فعالية الكيموتربسين وتقل قوة الخلايا العضليه والعصبيه.4 - معدل قيم البروكولاجين تايب 3 ان ترمنل ببتايد في مجموعة الساركوبينيا اعلى من مجموعة السيطرة والسبب انه خلال عملية اعادة بناء الخلايا العضليه العصبيه البروكولاجين تايب 3 ان ترمنل ببتايد قيمها ستزداد بسبب قلة الالياف العضلية وكذلك عملية ازالة التعصب مما يؤدي الى ضعف في الكتله العضليه.5 - المايوستاتين ينظم نمو العضلات سلبيا. المايوستاتين اساسا يثبط عمليه تصنيع المايوستاتين وعندما يزداد تركيز المايوستاتين يقل نمو وقوة العضلات.6 - في الاشخاص المصابين بالساركوبينيا معامل كتلة الجسم اعلى من مجموعة السيطرة. زيادة الدهون ووزن الجسم سببها هو قلة الاحتياج الى الطاقه, قلة فعالية الجسم, قله معدل الايض القاعدي واستخدام كمية سعرات اكثر من التي يحتاجها الجسم.7 - اكثر العوامل التي تؤثر على الساركوبينيا تباعا هي كتلة عضلات الجسم الهيكليه,كتلة عضلات الجسم, المايوستاتين, البروكولاجين تايب 3 ان ترمنل ببتايد , السي اكارين فركمنت ثم الالفا 1 - كيموتربسين. | Sarcopenia is defined as the progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength that occurs with aging. Sarcopenia either primary which is age - related and with no other cause except ageing or secondary sarcopenia which is related to activity, disease and nutrition.Subjects and methodsA cross sectional, case - control study was done in Rheumatology Clinic in Baghdad Teaching Hospital (during the period from September first 2016 to the end of March 2017). It included 100 sarcopinic subjects (50 male and 50 female) and 50 non - sarcopinic subjects (25 male and 25 female). Information was taken from each subject including age, & gender and diseases. Patients with inflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus), diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease and patients taking steroid therapy were excluded.Subjects with primary sarcopenia in this study were diagnosed by : Short Physical Performance Battery and dual - energy x - ray absorptiometry. appendicular skeletal muscle mass, total lean body mass and body mass index.The biomarkers studied were : inflammation : (interleukin - 6, hs - C - reactive protein and α1 - antichymotrypsin ), for markers of muscle fibrosis : (procollagen type III N - terminal peptide, for markers of functional neuromuscular junctions C - terminal Agrin fragment and myostatin

التنبؤ بوسائل غير باضعة عن ارتفاع ضغط الدم الرئوي في مرض الانسداد الرئوي المزمن عن طريق تخطيط صدى القلب وعلاقته المشتركة مع شدة المرض في مستشفى بغداد التعليمي == Noninvasive Prediction of Pulmonary Hypertension in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease By Echocardiography and It's co - Relation With The Severity of Disease (Hospital Based Study)

اسم المؤلف: رنا احسان عبد الجبار
اسم المشرف: عدنان محمد الجبوري
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - الصدرية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. It is a chronic condition which affects the respiratory system and worsens over time. Pulmonary hypertension, one of the major and under diagnosed complications of COPD which have a great impact on outcome of the disease and associated with frequent exacerbations and poor prognosis.Echocardiography provides a rapid, noninvasive, portable, and accurate method to evaluate changes related to pulmonary hypertension in COPD.Aim of Study : To study pulmonary artery systolic pressure and TAPSE(Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion) in patients with COPD by 2D ECHO Doppler and correlate them with severity of COPD.Method : Cross sectional study was conducted on 50 COPD patients in Baghdad teaching hospital (age>40 year)from first of January to the end of June, 2017.First, the diagnosis of COPD was confirmed and evaluated for staging by history, clinical examination , and spirometry.All patients have undergone ECG and 2D echocardiography and systolic pulmonary artery pressure and Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) were calculated. Patients with other cardiac or respiratory problems (asthma, pulmonary TB, lung malignancy, connective tissue diseases, interstitial lung disease, ischemic heart disease, left side heart failure) were excluded from this study.VIIResults : Study of PASP by TR jet with the use of 2D ECHO on 50 patients with COPD showed that 20 patients had normal echo study , mild increase in PASP was found in 15 patients, moderate 11, and severe increase in 4 patients.Study of TAPSE by 2D ECHO showed that 35 patients had normal TAPSE values ,while others 15 had abnormal values classified as mild ,moderate, and severe : 3,9,3,respectively.There were significant associations between echo findings of increasing PASP and abnormal TAPSE, with decrease in FEV1, and oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximeter, duration since COPD was diagnosed and MRC dyspnea scale.Conclusion : There is a high incidence of pulmonary hypertension with increasing severity of COPD . Echocardiography is useful and effective tool for detection of PHT secondary to COPD.

تقييم كثافة العظام لدى مرضى المصابين بالانسداد الرئوي المزمن

اسم المؤلف: سجا محمد كاظم
اسم المشرف: محمد وهيب سلمان العبيدي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - الصدرية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

نوعية الحياة لمرضى الفشل الكلوي المرحلة النهائية الذين يخضعون لغسل الكلى، بغداد، العراق 2017 == Quality of Life of End Stage Renal Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis, Baghdad, Iraq, 2017

اسم المؤلف: هند وليد خضر
اسم المشرف: عدنان عبد العظيم | فارس حسن اللامي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: طب العائلة
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : The quality of life is an important predictor of outcome in end stage renal disease patients. The quality of life needs to be regularly assessed. Our study describes quality of life, as well as demographic and clinical variables associated with quality of life in chronic haemodialysis patients in Baghdad, Iraq, 2017.Method : This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted from March to May, 2017 at dialysis unit in Baghdad and Al - Karama teaching hospitals. The study participants were all patients available during data collecting period included. The participants were directly interviewed according to a special questionnaire designed for the purpose of the study; it contains items exploring socio - demographic data, clinical data. Data regarding assessment of effect of kidney disease on quality of life were collected by kidney disease quality of life - short form 1.3 versions .The maximum score of the total quality of life was 100 points. The score had been categorized as excellent > 80 score, good (61 - 80) score, moderate (40 - 60) score, and the poor score (< 40).Results The total number of participants was 248 patients. The mean of quality of life was 47.63±16.22. The total score was excellent in12 participants (4.8%), good in 47 (19%), moderate in 99 (39.9%), and poor in 90 participants (36.3%). The highest mean of quality of life domains was found for social support subscale, the low scores was reported for work status, role limitation due to physical problem, role limitation due to emotional problem, general health, and sexual function.Conclusions : The study had shown that the quality of life of hemodialysis patients was highly impaired and it clearly defines how the disease state adversely affects the physical and mental status of the patient. Regular and systematic monitoring for dialysis patients’quality of life must be considered as an effective tool of quality control in dialysis care

اضطرابات الغدة الدرقية في مرضى الذئبة الحمامي المجموعي

اسم المؤلف: هند عدنان محمد
اسم المشرف: خضير زغير معيوف البدري
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - المفاصل
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Thyroid hormone abnormalities had been shown to be more frequent in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), hence, performance of thyroid function tests in patients with SLE, as a part of the biochemical and immunological profiles, may help in early detection of associated thyroid disorders.Aim of the Study : To assess the thyroid hormone abnormalities in a group of systemic lupus erythematosus Iraqi patients.Patients and Methods : A case - control study was conducted at Baghdad Teaching hospital, Department of Rheumatology during the period from September 2016 to July 2017. Including 58 SLE patients and 60 controls who met the inclusion criteria. After ethical approval, data were collected using a preconstructed data collection sheet, questionnaire included demographic and clinical data of the patients and controls. Thyroid function tests, complete blood count, ESR, anti - double - strand DNA and complement C3 and C4 test were performed. Statistical analysis was done using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) v.24.Results : The mean age of the studied groups was 28.26 ± 7.1 years and 29.18 ± 6.3 years in SLE and control groups, respectively. No statistically significant differences between both groups had been found in age, BMI, or other demographic variables (P>0.05). Abnormal thyroid function was significantly more frequent in SLE patients (25.9%) than controls (5%), (P< 0.05). Primary hypothyroidism and Subclinical hypothyroidism were the more frequent disorder in SLE patients; 6/15 nd 5/15, respectively, each of subclinical hyperthyroidism and primary hyperthyroidism was reported in 2/15 SLE patients. Prednisolone and Hydroxychloroquine were the more frequently used medications among the SLE patients and were insignificantly associated with abnormal thyroid function in SLE patients, (P>0.05). High ESR was reported,, Leucopenia , high Anti dsDNA , low C3 and low C4 and Lymphopenia were reported in SLE patients. While all of SLE patients were ANA +ve and none of them had thrombocytopenia.Conclusions : Thyroid dysfunction was more frequent in SLE Iraqi patients compared to healthy population and the primary hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism were the more frequent types.

تقييم مؤشرات النمو لدى الاطفال المصابين بداء السكري من النوع الاول المراجعين لمستشفى حماية الاطفال التعليم / مدينة الطب بغداد / العراق 2017 == Evaluation of growth parametersamong children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus attending Diabetic clinic at Children Welfare Teaching Hospital / Medical City Baghdad - Iraq, 2017

اسم المؤلف: زينة ستار هادي
اسم المشرف: ايمان عدنان القصير
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: طب العائلة
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by lack of insulin production, it is the most common type of diabetes in childhood. T1DM was listed among the causes of growth retardation in children. Glycemic control is an important factor in growth of children with T1DM.Objectives : To assess growth parameters (height, weight and body mass index [BMI] )in children with T1DM, and to study the impact of age at diagnosis, duration of disease, and glycemic control on growth indices.Patients and methods : A cross sectional study was conducted at diabetic clinic in Children Welfare Teaching hospital - Medical City - Baghdad, for the period from the 1st of February to the end of May 2017. A total of 100 children with T1DM between (2 - 14) years of both gender was included in the study, the information were obtained directly during interview including : relevant demographic data, disease information (age at diagnosis, duration of disease and type of presentation). Also each patient had two measurements for weight in kilogram and height in centimeter first one was measured by researcher at the time of interview and the second one obtained from their case file around the time of diagnosis.Results : A total of 100 children with T1DM included in this study showed that male to female ratio were equal. Peak age of children at diagnosis was less than 5 years. Most of patients presented with classical signs and symptom (64%). Of the total diabetic children in this study, (5%), (2%), and (5%) were stunted, wasted and underweight, respectively. Duration of T1DM was a significant determinant of growth indices (height and weight). Conclusions and Recommendations : Retarded growth indices (height and weight) were the highest growth problems among diabetic children. Duration of diabetes was an important determinant of growth parameters. We recommend for paying attention to anthropometric measurements in management of T1DM and participation of PHCC in the management plan.

دراسة جزيئية للطفرتين NPM1 - A وFLT3 - ITD مع التعبير النسخي للمورث الجزيئي FLT3 في نموذج من المرضى العراقيين البالغين المصابين بابيضاض الدم النقياني الحاد وعلاقتهما مع المؤشرات السريرية والمختبرية == Molecular Study of NPM1 - A, FLT3 - ITD Mutations and FLT3 Transcript Expression in a Sample of Iraqi Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients : Their Correlations with Clinicopathological Parameters

اسم المؤلف: شيماء محمد عبد اللطيف
اسم المشرف: ختام رزاق كاظم الخفاجي | علي محمد جواد
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - الدم
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Acute myeloid leukemia is a hematological malignancy of myeloid progenitor cells characterized by anomalous proliferation, inhibition of differentiation and extension of leukemic cells blocked at the early stage of hematopoiesis. It has a great variability in the pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment outcomes. Detection of molecular markers has become a smart tool to further division of patients in acute myeloid leukemia subgroups.Nucleophosmin1 mutations are found in approximately 30% of adult acute myeloid leukemia patients and are associated with a good outcome when detected in absence of duplications in the Fms - like tyrosine kinase 3 gene. Over 50 molecular Nucleophosmin1 mutation variants have been recognized; the most common one is Nucleophosmin1 - A mutation.The Fms - like tyrosine kinase 3 receptor is expressed on the surface of hematopoietic stem cells and plays a vital role in normal hematopoiesis. Numerous studies have revealed that high levels of Fms - like tyrosine kinase 3 were expressed in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Fms - like tyrosine kinase 3 - Internal tandem duplication mutations are found in around 20 - 25% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia and are associated with increased transcript level of Fms - like tyrosine kinase 3 and with a poor scenario in adult acute myeloid leukemia patients.Aim of the Study1. Detect the frequency of Nucleophosmin1 - A; Fms - like tyrosine kinase 3 - Internal tandem duplication along with assessment of Fms - like tyrosine kinase 3 transcript expression in a sample of newly diagnosed Iraqi adult acute myeloid leukemia patients.2. Study the relationship of Nucleophosmin1 - A, Fms - like tyrosine kinase 3 - Internal tandem duplication mutations and Fms - like tyrosine kinase 3VItranscript expression with various clinicopathological parameters and French - American - British subtypes of the disease as well as the correlation among the three markers.Materials and MethodsThis is a cross - sectional study, conducted during the period extending between April 2015 and September 2016. The bone marrow aspirate samples of 53 adult acute myeloid leukemia patients were collected at the time of diagnosis and prior to treatment at the Hematology Ward of Baghdad Teaching Hospital in Medical City compared with 53 control individuals. All the control bone marrows obtained from patients with anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and were negative for infiltrative lesions. The related clinical and laboratory data for each patient were registered at the time of diagnosis.The study was conducted at Main Laboratory of Baghdad Teaching Hospital/ Medical City, Clinical and Communicable Diseases Research Center/College of Medicine/ University of Baghdad and Postgraduate Laboratory of Pathology and FoThe RNA was extracted and was reverse transcribed into cDNA. Real time polymerase chain reaction technique was applied on bone marrow aspirate samples of acute myeloid leukemia and control groups to detect the frequency of Nucleophosmin1 - A mutation, Fms - like tyrosine kinase 3 expression using a TaqMan probe and SYBR green assays respectively and detection of Fms - like tyrosine kinase 3 - Internal tandem duplication mutation using gel electrophoresis post polymerase chain reaction procedure

الكشف المبكر للخلل الوظيفي لعمل البطين الايسر الانقباضي في المرضى المصابين بارتجاع الصمام الابهر المزمن غير ذوي الاعراض باستخدام صدى القلب ثنائي الابعاد ذي التتبع النقطي == Early Detection of Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction In Asymptomatic Patients with Chronic Aortic Regurgitation by Two Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography

اسم المؤلف: ثامر عماد احمد
اسم المشرف: امال نوري المراياتي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: صدى القلب
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) is a left ventricular (LV) volume overload lesion with a long latency period prior to symptom development. Prior to symptoms, patients may exhibit normal exercise tolerance associated with LV remodeling and a preserved ejection fraction (EF).Conventional echocardiography has many limitations in prediction of early LV systolic dysfunction. Therefore; early detection of subclinical LV systolic dysfunction is crucial and could influence patients' prognosis by aiding the clinician to candidate patients for better management.Recently, 2 - D speckle tracking echocardiography have been shown to be useful noninvasive tools for detecting subtle LV contractile changes in the prior to reduced LVEF in patients with chronic AR .Aim of the Study : To detect early LV systolic dysfunction in asymptomatic patient with chronic aortic regurgitation by two dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography comparing that to conventional echocardiographic systolic parameters (EF by Simpson’s method and MAPSE ) and tissue Doppler echocardiographic systolic parameter ( s) .Patients and Methods : Sixty one asymptomatic patients with chronic aortic regurgitation, with no ischemic heart diseases ( by Angiography ) or conductive heart diseases, no diabetes mellitus, no hypertension, and no other valvular heart diseases (group 1) and fifty age and sex - matched healthy subjects (group 2) were enrolled into the study. Group (1) was further classified into 3 sub - groups according to 4 chosen parameters from the published guidelines of ASE into : Mild AR, Moderate AR, and Severe AR.All patients and controls underwent echocardiographic examination including conventional echocardiography, tissue Doppler study and 2 - D Speckle Tracking Echocardiography.Results : As compared to other systolic parameters ,global longitudinal strain measured by 2 - D speckle tracking echocardiography was the most useful tool to detect subtle LV systolic dysfunction with sensitivity and specificity of 75.4% and 99% respectively and AUC of 0.928 for a cut off value of > ( - 19.62).Moreover, GLS has highest sensitivity and specificity in detection of subtle LV systolic dysfunction in moderate AR .In moderate AR ,a cut off value of > ( - 19.62) has sensitivity and specificity of 91.3% and 95.5% respectively, with PPV and NPV of 87.5% and 96.9% respectively, AUC of 0.981 and a P value of <0.0001. In all types of AR, GLS had higher NPV than PPV which makes it a powerful screening tool for early detection of subtle LV systolic dysfunction.Conclusion : Global Longitudinal strain measured by 2 - D speckle tracking echocardiography is an excellent tool for early detection of subtle LV systolic dysfunction in asymptomatic patients with chronic AR.

ارتفاع ضغط الدم الرئوي في مرضى السل الرئوي النشط == Pulmonary Hypertension in Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

اسم المؤلف: مروة بسام عيدان
اسم المشرف: عدنان الجبوري
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - الصدرية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الخلفية : السل الرئوي هو واحد من اكثر الامراض المعدية شيوعا التي تواجهها في الممارسة السريرية، واكثر من ذلك في البلدان النامية. وقد تم الابلاغ عن عدد قليل جدا من الدراسات بشان ارتفاع ضغط الدم الرئوي في السل الرئوي النشط اهداف الدراسة : لتقييم حدوث ارتفاع ضغط الدم الرئوي في مرضى السل الرئوي النشط في غياب امراض الرئة الاخرى او امراض القلب الاولية .المواد والطرق : خلال الفترة من 1 ديسمبر 2016 الى 30 مايو 2017 اجريت دراسة مستعرضة على 50 مريضا بالسل الرئوي النشط. لجميع المرضى، تاريخ مفصل، الفحص السريري الدقيق، تخطيط القلب , الاشعة السينية للصدر، واختبارات الدم الروتينية. جميع المرضى الذين تم تقييمهم عن طريق دوبلرصدى القلب خلال الصدر بما في ذلك تقدير الضغط الانقباضي الشريان الرئوي وثلاثي الشرف الحلقي خطة الحلقة الانقباضي النتائج : . وجد انه من 50 مريض بالسل الرئوي النشط، كان 4 (8٪) ضغط الشريان الانقباضي الشريان الرئوي ≥40 ملم زئبق، اثنان منهم كان تمدد البطين الايمن <16ملموكان هناك ارتباط كبير بين مرضى السل وارتفاع متوسط العمر، (ع = 0.01 )وارتفاع معدل تعديل ضيق مجلس البحث الطبي (ع <0.0001)، والام في الصدر (ع = 0.01)، وانخفاض تركيز الاوكسجين الدم (ع = 0.001) وتسارع دقات القلب الجيبي (ع = 0.01) وانصباب التامور (ع = 0.01). لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين مرضى السل مع وبدون ارتفاع ضغط الرئوي فيما يتعلق بتاريخ البتدخين واستنتاجات اشعة الصدر فيما يتعلق بالمشاركة من جانب واحد وثنائية الجانب وافة تجويفية.الاستنتاج : ارتفاع ضغط الدم الرئوي بين مرضى السل الرئوي النشط في غياب امراض الرئة الاخرى او امراض القلب الاولية ليس بالامرالغير شائع. | Background : Pulmonary tuberculosis is one of the commonest infectious diseases which are encountered in clinical practice, more so in developing countries. Very few studies have been reported regarding the pulmonary hypertension in active pulmonary tuberculosis. Aims of study : To assess the incidence of pulmonary hypertension in active pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the absence of other lung disease or primary cardiac disease. Materials and Methods : During the period from 1st of December 2016 to 30th of May 2017, a cross - sectional study was done on 50 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. For all patients, detailed history, careful clinical examination, electrocardiography (ECG), chest x ray (CXR), and routine blood tests were done. All patients evaluated by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography including estimation of pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE). Results : Among 50 active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients, 4 had pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) ≥40 mm Hg, 2 of them had right ventricular dilation and TAPSE <16mm. The incidence of pulmonary hypertension (PHT) among active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients was 8%.There was a significant association between PTB patients with PHT and higher mean age (p=0.01), higher Modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale (p<0.0001), chest pain (p=0.01), lower oxygen saturation (SpO2) (p=0.001), sinus tachycardia (p=0.01) and Pericardial effusion (p=0.01). No significant differences between PTB patients with and without PHT regarding smoking history and CXR finding of pulmonary tuberculosis lesion regarding unilateral and bilateral involvement and cavitary lesion. Conclusion : Pulmonary hypertension among active pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the absence of other lung disease or primary cardiac disease is not uncommon in this study.

تاثير الفيتامينات B1,B6 and B12) على الاعتلال العصبي المحيطي : دراسة نسيجية، نسيجية كيميائية وكيميا نسيجية مناعية == The effect of vitamins B1, B6 and B12 on peripheral neuropathy , Histological , Histochemical and Immunohistological studies

اسم المؤلف: صالح مهدي علي
اسم المشرف: معن حمد الخالصي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التشريح والانسجة والاجنة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Peripheral neuropathy is a nerve injury process by disease or so on leading to damage of peripheral nervous system . Diabetes mellitus and compression are most common causes of peripheral neuropathy. Vitamins (B1,B6 and B12) commonly used for treatment of peripheral neuropathy. The objective of this study is to compare the effect of vitamins (B1,B6 and B12) on nerve regeneration and recovery after induced sciatic nerve crush injury in experimental animal model.Seventy five male Swiss albino rats were divided randomly into five groups and each group consisted of 15 animals. Group A( which considered as control positive(with crush injury) received normal saline intramuscularly for 45days. Group B received vitamin B1 , group C received vitamin B6 , group D received vitamin B12 and group E which considered as control negative(no crush injury and no treatment) . All animals were injected vitamins intramuscularly for 45days. Tail flick test time was reduced in rats treated with vitamin B12 after crush injury to the Sciatic nerve. Mid thigh circumference (MTC) was significantly increase in B12 treated group after crush injury to the Sciatic nerve. Data analysis was performed by SPSS 20 software using descriptive statistics.IVHistological examination of rats sciatic nerves stain by H&E on day 15 showing degenerative nerve fibers with Schwann cell infiltration in all groups but it is less prominent in group D. On day 45 histological examination of rats gastrocnemius muscles exhibited separation of bundles muscle fibers by connective tissue, variation of fibers in size and shape with atrophy of muscle bundles in all groups .While these were less prominent in rats treated with B12.Van Giesons staining of rat sciatic nerves on day 45 after crush injury. In all groups experimental and control (B,C,D,A) showing degenerative nerve fibers in different areas but less in group D and better organized sciatic nerve fibers in group D.Finally, Immunohistochemical study of (anti S100 protein) of rat sciatic nerves on day 45showed strong activity for those rats treated with vitamin B12 while rats treated with vitamin B1 and B6 exhibited moderate and weak activities respectively .In conclusion vitamin B12 promote peripheral nerve regeneration more than vitamin B1and vitamin B6.

التقييم الجزيئي لعوامل الخطورة الوراثية لامراض القلب والاوعية الدموية لعينة من المرضى العراقيين المصابين بنقص التروية القلبية الحاد == Molecular Assessment of Cardiovascular Genetic Risk Factors among a Sample of Iraqi Patients with Ischemic Heart Diseases

اسم المؤلف: وسام جاسم محمد
اسم المشرف: بسام موسى صادق الموسوي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - الوراثة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide; its incidence is increasing in developing countries. It is estimated that 17.5 million individuals die from CVD each year, accounting for 31% of all deaths worldwide; more than 75% of these deaths occur in low to middle income population. Understanding the pathogenesis of IHD has been modified over the years and many new genetic risk factors have been recognized. Attention is now focused towards understanding the genetic basis of IHD. Enormous effort has been invested in understanding the genes and specific DNA sequence variations responsible for this heritability and genetic polymorphisms might be risk factors that predispose to IHD.Aim of Study : To analyze the genetic risk factors among Iraqi patients with acute IHD and to determine the frequency of each type of mutation / polymorphism.Patients, Materials & Methods : This is a cross sectional study that recruited 56 patients admitted to the Cardiac Care Unit (CCU) of Ibn Al - Nafees Teaching Hospital with a clinical diagnosis of acute ischemic heart disease (myocardial infarction and unstable angina) during a two - month period between December 8th, 2015 and February 8th, 2016. All cases <50 years with acute MI or angina were included, while those >50 years and those with documented hyperlipidemia were excluded.Demographic and clinical data of the enrolled patients were reported. Two - three ml of peripheral blood samples were aspirated from all recruited patients and collected in K2EDTA tube to be store at - 20oC for further DNA analysis. Molecular analysis to detect 12 commonIIImutations/ polymorphisms, namely : FV G1691A (Leiden), FV H1299R (R2), Prothrombin C20210A, Factor Xlll V34L, β - Fibrinogen - 455 G - A, PAI - 1 4G/5G, GPllla L33P (HPA - 1), MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, ACE l/D, Apo B R3500Q, and Apo E2/E3/E4 was performed by PCR amplification using biotinylated primers and hybridization of amplification products to a test strip containing allele - specific oligonucleotide probes immobilized as an array of parallel lines. The bound biotinylated sequences were detected using streptavidin - alkaline phosphatase and color substrates according to the manufacturers’ instructions.Results : The age range of patients was 18 - 50 years, with a mean ±SD of 40±7 years. The vast majority of enrolled cases were males (54/56 (96.4%). The traditional risk factors were frequently encountered in the current study (hypertension 21.4%, diabetes 26.8%, smoking 75%, family history of IHD 48.2%, and previous attack of ischemia 23.2%). Serum troponin was positive in 72.2% of cases. The study found that the genotype frequencies of 12 genetic mutations / polymorphisms were as follows :  MTHFR A1298C and C677T were the highest reported mutations among the study group (62.5%) and (50%) respectively, followed by β - fibrinogen gene mutation detected in (46.5%), and PAI - 1 4G/5G polymorphism which was detected in (75%) of patients, while PAI - 1 4G/4G was detected in (16.1%) of patients. Homozygous ACE D/D polymorphism was present in 35.7% in our cases and heterozygous HPA - 1(a/b) polymorphisms was present in 28.6%. The E4 allele of Apo E gene was present in 7.1% of the studied cases.IV Heterozygous factor XIII (FXIII) V34L variant was detected in 21.4% patients, while homozygous state was detected in 3.6% patients, i.e. 25% of selected cases had Leu allele,  Heterozygous FV R2 was detected in 12.5%, and factor V Leiden mutation was detected in 1.8%, while no abnormal homozygous alleles were detected.  Prothrombin G20210A mutation were detected in 1(1.8%) patient. Neither heterozygous nor homozygous states for the mutant Apo B allele were detected in this study. The study showed no statistically significant difference between age group I (<40 years) and age group II (40 - 50 years), but the study showed higher frequency for some genes like PAI - 1(4G) and Apo E4 alleles in group I than group II (100% versus 85.3%) and (13.6% versus 2.9%) respectively, while HPA - 1 (a/b) polymorphism was higher frequent in group II than group I (35.3% versus18.2%).Subgroup analysis of the studied traditional risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, family history of ischemic heart disease) showed that β - Fibrinogen mutation had higher frequency in smoker patients than nonsmokers (50% versus 35.71%), the D allele of ACE gene was more frequent in hypertensive than in non - hypertensive patients (91.7% versus 79.5%), and higher frequency of HPA - 1b allele in diabetic than non - diabetic patients 46.7% versus 22%).Genetic risk score (0 - 16) was established according to the number of risky alleles detected in each case; the results showed that all patients had at least 2 genetic risk factors and none had more than 8; the study also showed that patients with 4 or more risky genes represented 82.14% of the studied patients, and that the risk of IHD increases in those who carry 4 or more genetic risk factors when associated with at least one traditional risk factor.

تحليل نتائج وخز الرئة القطعي لاربعين مريض في مستشفى بغداد التعليمي == Analysis of Tru - Cut Biopsy Findings In Forty Patients with PERIPHERAL Lung Lesions in Baghdad Teaching Hospital

اسم المؤلف: احسان سلمان
اسم المشرف: مصطفى نعمة عبد علي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - الصدرية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: وخزة الرئة التحت الجلدية هي من اكثر الطرق شيوعا في الوقت الحالي معها العديد من الطرق المستخدمة في امراض الجهاز التنفسي .واحده من اهم الطرق هي طريقة الوخز القطعي بمساعدة المفراس الحلزوني .اهداف دراسة البحثلاجل تحليل النتائج من جراء عملية الوخز القطعي في مستشفى بغداد التعليمي لسنة 2015 - 2016.الطرق والمرضىاجريت دراسة مرجعه عن هذه الطريقة ووجدت كثير من النتائج ما يخص الديموغرافية والدلائل الاشعاعية والتشخيص والمضاعفات الناتجة من المرضى الذين اجروا هذه العملية الوخز القطعي تحت السيطرة للمفراس الحلزوني .النتائجاربعون مريض كانوا تحت الدراسة الخاصة للبحث ثلاثون مريض كانوراجال وعشر مرضى نساء .اعمار المرضى تتراوح ما بين 18 - 80 ومعدل العمر للمرضى هو 14.1 سنه . ±58.6 21 مريض من الرجال حاليا مدخنين و6 غير مدخنين و3 مدخنين سابقين بينما من النساء كانوا 3 مدخنين حاليا و5 غير مدخنين و2 مدخنين سابقات .اكثر الاعراض شيوعا بين المرضى في البحث هي ضيق التنفس والسعال ونفث الدم وقلة وزن الجسم.اكثر الدراسات الهستوبايولوجي للمرضى الذين اجروا هذه العملية كانت مسرطنه بنسبة 70% ,شامل بنسبة 12.5%, حميد بنسبة 7.5 % , ذات الرئة بنسبة 7.5%, تحليل غير كافي بنسبة 2.5%.من اكثر المضاعفات شيوعا بين المرضى كانت الاسترواح الصدري ونفث الدم.الاستنتاجعملية الوخز القطعي مع مساعدة المفراس الحلزوني يعتبر من اكثر العمليات الكفؤة في الكشف عن الاوليات والاسباب التي تخص امراض الرئة المحيطية. | Percutaneous lung biopsy is now a common procedure in pulmonary medicine, and several different techniques are in use. The most important one is the use of a tru - cut biopsy under computed tomography (CT) guidance.Aim of Study : To analyze the outcome of tru - cut biopsy in patients with peripheral pulmonary lesions in Baghdad teaching hospital 2016.Patients and Methods : A cross sectional study was done to find out the demographic profiles, indications, radiological findings, diagnosis and complications of the patients who were underwent tru - cut biopsy under CT guided. Forty patients underwent tru - cut biopsy under CT guided in Baghdad teaching hospital( 2015 - 2016).Results : Forty patients were included in our study.Thirty patients (75%) were males, 10 patients (25%) were females. The patients age range from 18 to 80 years, the mean age of the patients was 58.6±14.1 years. In males, 21 patients were current smokers, 6 patients were non smokers and 3 patients ex smokers. In females, 3 patients were current smokers, 5 patients were non smokers and 2 patients were ex smokers. Most common clinical presentation of the patients was chest pain (30%), dyspnea (17.5%), cough (15%), hemoptysis (7.5%), and weight loss (12.5%). The commonest histopathological result of the lesions was malignancy (70%), inconclusive (12.5%), benign (7.5%), organizing pneumonia (7.5%) and inadequate sample (2.5%). The most common complication was pneumothorax (10%) and haemoptysis (5%).Conclusion : Tru - cut biopsy under CT guided is extremely useful in finding specific etiologies of peripheral lung lesions

الندرونيت الصوديوم في الفصال العظمي للمفصل الظنبوبي : تاثيره على معلمات بناء وانحلال الغضروف, لبتين والفعاليات الفيزيائية للمرضى العراقيين == ALENDRONATE SODIUM IN KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS : EFFECTS ON ANABOLIC AND CARTILAGE DEGRADATIVE MARKERS, CIRCULATING LEPTIN AND THE CLINICAL ACTIVITY IN IRAQI PATIENTS

اسم المؤلف: سيناء عبد الامير كاظم
اسم المشرف: حيدر مهدي جواد | سامي سلمان شهاب
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الادوية والسموم
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: المقدمة : الفصال العظمي من الامراض الاكثر شيوعا في العالم والذي يصيب النساء اكثر من الرجال ويتميز هذا المرض بانه يحدث نتيجة لخلل في جميع مكونات المفصل متمثلا بانحلال الغضروف وتهشم العظم الملاصق له والتهاب الغلاف المحيط بالمفصل. متسببا في تقليل عرض الحيز الانسي للمفصل.الهدف من الدراسة : تقييم دور عقار الندرونيت الصوديوم ALN)) لمرضى الفصال العظمي للمفصل الظنبوبي ومعرفة تاثيره على مستوى الفعاليات الحياتية للمرضى التي تتمثل بمستوى الالم ومستوى تيبس المفصل وتاثيره على مستوى وظيفة المفصل الظنبوبي. وتقييم مدى تاثيره على معلم البناء 1β TGF , معلم انحلال الغضروف CTXII, مستوى لبتين في الدم, مايلوبيروكسيدييز MPO, الكالسيوم, مستويات الدهون بانواعه وفوسفات الالكلاين والبروتين التفاعلي C.طريقة العمل : ادخل 116 مريضا مصابا بمرض الفصال العظمي للمفصل الظنبوبي ضمن هذه الدراسة وكانوا بعمر من 45 سنة او اكثر وبالدرجة الثانية من المؤشر الشعاعي لكلكرين ولورنس (KL) مع قياس الوزن والطول, عرض الحيز الانسي للمفصل الظنبوبي, التغييرات الكيمياوية المختبرية المتمثلة بمستوى الكالسيوم, مستويات الدهون بانواعه متمثلة بقياس نسبة الكولسترول , الدهون الثلاثية, البروتينات الدهنيه عالية الكثافة والبروتينات الدهنية واطئة الكثافة , فوسفات الالكلاين والبروتين التفاعلي C وقياس المعلمات المناعية بطريقة الالايزا لكل من معلم البناء 1β TGF , معلم انحلال الغضروف CTXII, مستوى لبتين في الدم, مايلوبيروكسيدييز MPO. حيث تم قياس المستويات المذكوره اعلاه قبل البدا باخذ العلاج. تم اعطاء المرضى 10 ملغم من عقار الندرونيت الصوديوم (ALN) واعيد تقييم حالة المرضى بعد اكمال الاشهر الثلاثة من العلاج.النتائج : لوحظ ان هناك تحسن معتد على الفعاليات الفيزيائية واعراض الفصال العظمي , مع انخفاض معتد في معلم TGF β 1 (لاتوجد مقارنة بين تغيره وتحسن حالة المرضى, غير ان له علاقة بزيادة كتلة الجسم) , معلم انحلال الغضروف ) CTXIIحيث له علاقة بتحسن الفعاليات الحياتيه للمرضى), مستوى لبتين في الدم. مع تغير غير معتد في عرض الحيز الانسي للمفصل, مستوى الكالسيوم, مايلوبيروكسيدييز, مستويات الدهون بانواعه متمثلة بنسبة الكولسترول , الدهون الثلاثية, البروتينات الدهنيه عالية الكثافة والبروتينات الدهنية واطئة الكثافة , فوسفات الالكلاين والبروتين التفاعلي C. الاستنتاج : عقارالندرونيت صوديوم له فعالية كبيرة في تحسين الفعاليات الحياتية لمرضى الفصال العظمي وتقليل الالم الناتج من المرض دون تاثير معتد على تغير تركيب المفصل على الرغم من تقليله لمعلم اضمحلال الغضروف. عدم تاثير العقار على مستويات الدهون في الجسم المتمثلة بنسبة الكولسترول , الدهون الثلاثية, البروتينات الدهنية عالية الكثافة والبروتينات الدهنية واطئة الكثافة يجعله امنا نسبيا للمرضى المصابين باختلال نسبة الدهون. | Background : Osteoarthritis is a common arthritic disorder and responsible for 2 % of disability of people in all world. Osteoarthritis has believed to be principally a cartilage defect associated with focal articular cartilage degradation. Alendronate sodium (ALN) interferes with normal bone formation and turnover cycle in the body by slowing bone loss with elevating bone mass. . Aims of the study : This study was done to evaluate the effects of alendronate sodium on disease activity and physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis, to evaluate the biochemical parameters in osteoarthritis patients including serum alkaline phosphate, calcium, c - reactive protein and lipid profile in form of analysis of serum cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein. Also to study the impact of ALN on anabolic in form analysis of serum transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF - β1) , cartilage degradative in form of C - terminal cross linked - telopeptide of type II collagen (CTXII), Myloperoxidase (MPO) and leptin markers in osteoarthritis patients and to determine its effectiveness in slowing progression of disease. .Patients and methods : The patients were habitants of the cities of Al - Diwaniyhia (consulting the Rheumatologic Unit in Al - Diwanyhia Teaching Hospital) and Baghdad (consulting the Rheumatologic Unit in Baghdad Teaching Hospital). From those patients, 116 osteoarthritic patients 45 years old and more with Kellgren and Lawrence X - ray grade II and more with knee pain were enrolled in this study. Base line assessment was done including measurement of joint space width, assessment of WOMAC scoring(pain, function and stiffness), body mass index and the biochemical parameters (serum alkaline phosphate, calcium, c - reactive protein and lipid profile in form of analysis of serum cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein) with enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis of serum (transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF - β1) , C - terminal cross linked - telopeptide of type II collagen (CTXII), MPO and Leptin. They were instructed to take ALN 10 mg daily. Reassessment was done after 3 months of treatment. Results : A significant symptomatic improvement in WOMAC scoring regarding pain and stiffness (P<0.001) were observed associated with non significant improvement in function, significant reduction (P<0.001) in serum CTXII, Leptin and TGF - β1. A nonsignificant reduction in serum calcium and MPO, associated with no significant changes in serum Alkaline phosphatase, C - reactive protein, lipid profile(serum cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein) and joint space width were also reported. CTX II after treatment showed no significant correlation with BMI, however it showed significant positive correlations with WOMAC score. On the other hand, TGF - β1 showed significant positive correlation with BMI, but no significant correlations with WOMAC score. Conclusion : Alendronate sodium in patients with osteoarthritis has clinical efficacy in reducing symptoms especially pain through inhibition of leptin and CTXII with no significant structural improvement despite reduction of CTXII and TGF - β1 with no effects on inhibition of further disease progression. Relatively safe in old patients with dyslipidemia since there is no associated lipid disturbances with ALN. The reduction in level of CTX - II in the present study may be considered as one of the mode of actions of alendronate in patients with osteoarthritis

قيمة العلامات المصلية في فحص وتشخيص التطور في فحص وتشخيص التطور لسرطان القولون == The Value of Serological Markers (CA19 - 9 and CCSA - 4) in Screening and Prognosis of Colon Cancer

اسم المؤلف: عذراء احمد محمد يعقوب
اسم المشرف: هيفاء سلمان الحديثي | عقيل شاكر محمود
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Colonic cancer is a very common disease world - wide being fourth most common cancer characterized by abnormal proliferation of the epithelium of colon at beginning then taking full colon wall thickness then to surrounding lymph nodes and tissues and finally metastasis. It is one of most complicated diseases with debilitating symptoms which becomes more severe, prominent and specific with advancing stage with high percent of fatality and relatively short survival if diagnosed late or if left untreated.Therefore, finding an easy, non - invasive and readily available means (marker) of screening and diagnosing colonic cancer would be of great value particularly if the same biomarker can be used for diagnosis, screening, prognosis and monitoring the efficacy of different treatment modalities.Aims of study : - To investigate the efficacy and validity of serum Cancer Antigen 19 - 9 (CA19 - 9) and Colon Cancer Specific Antigen - 4 (CCSA - 4) levels in the screening and prognosis of colon cancer and their validity for this.Patients and methods : - This study was applied on 35 patients (17 females & 18 males) with colon cancer with ages ranged 53 - 82 years old ( 6 patients received chemotherapy and 5 of them have undergone surgical removal of the primary tumor and 4 different patients received immunotherapy) with 20 smokers and 4 alcoholic, 35 patients (19 females & 16 males) with benign polyps ages ranged 29 - 56 years old and 16 (7 females & 9 males) negative controls ages ranged 25 - 43 years age. According to DUKE's staging : 6 colon cancer patients were stage A, 12 were stage B, 12 were stage C and 5 were stage D.All individuals in this study (whom attended Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Gastroenterology and Hepatic Diseases Center) were subjected to blood sampling for measuring their serum CA19 - 9 and CCSA - 4 using Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) technique which was done at microbiology unit / university of Baghdad.Results : - The present study has shown that colonic cancer patients were presented at ages between 53 - 82 years of age (mean 68.5±6.4 years of age).Serum levels of CCSA - 4 were significantly elevated in those patients with advancing stages (C & D) compared with stages (A & B) and lower levels found in patients who had surgical removal of tumor or received chemotherapy.Also a positive relation found between CCSA - 4 with alcohol intake and smoking, however, less significant levels and relations found with CA19 - 9.Conclusion : - Serum CCSA - 4 is sensitive and specific indicator for diagnosis, prognosis and screening of colonic cancer.
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