اسم المؤلف:
اسماء سامي ابراهيم
اسم المشرف:
ندى عبد المجيد الانصاري | طه ياسين الدوري
المستخلص:
هدفت الدراسة الحالية التعرف على الطراز الكروموسومي ونظام تحديد الجنس والتمييز بين الجنسين مظهريا في ثلاثة انواع من اسماك المياه العذبة العراقية ممثلة بسمكة الحمري Barbus luteus والبنيني كبير الفم macrostomus Cyprinionوالبلعوط الملوكي Chondrostoma regius | These present studies were carried out to determine the karyotypes & the system of sex determination between the two sexes as well as the sexual morphological characteristics of three species of Iraqi fresh water fish Barbus luteus, Cyprinion macrostomus, & Chondrostoma regius that were fished from Tigris river at Baghdad during 2005. The cytogenetic studies revealed that the chromosome number of Barbus luteus is 2n = 148 & the karyotype of males is (80m + 52sm + 16st) while the females has (80m + 51sm + 17st). The chromosome number of Cyprinion macrostomus is 2n = 50 the males has (6m + 24sm + 12st + 8t) while the females has (6m + 23sm + 13st + 8t). The chromosome number of Chondrostoma regius is 2n = 48 and the karyotype is (14m + 30sm + 4st). Sex chromosomes were identified in Barbus luteus & in Cypinion macrostomus for the first time , the sex is determined by ZZ / ZW system, the female was considered as heterogametic (ZW) while the male was considered as homogametic (ZZ) , & the chromosome Z was represented as submetacentric chromosome & chromosome W as small subtelocentric chromosome. In spite of the difference in their chromosome number , the ratio between red blood cell diameter & it's nucleus was approximated in these species. The differences among these species in both of the diameter of cell and the nucleus didn't match with the differences at the polyploidy levels or with the difference in chromosome number within the same level. The liver & intestine were recommended as new sources for chromosomal studies , because of the good ratio of dividing cells (71.4 % & 58.2 %) respectively from the whole dividing cells in kidney that was considered as a control. The crude aqueous extract of fresh convolvulus arvensis leaves showed good effect in arresting the cell division of fish at metaphase , the concentration (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, ) mg / gm arrested kidney cells of carp fish at the metaphase in ratios 71.1 % , 88.1 % , 94 % respectively from the colchicines treated kidney cells (control). Positive significance correlation was found (r = 0.9518) between the percentages of arrested cells at metaphase & the concentrations of crude extract. Comparison between the females and males of the three species revealed that in Barbus luteus the distance from head edge to the anal orifice & from head edge to the dorsal fin were larger in males than females. The females have dark colored fins with reddish ventral aspect of head & body in comparison with the males during the whole months of study. So , they were considered as permanently sexual dimorphism characteristics. But , during the spawning seasons (May & June ) a more brighting color of male with reddish coloration of both sides of body were noticed in comparison with female with a golden orange corneal coloration in both sexes. Thus, they were considered as temporary sexual dimorphism characteristics. In Cyprinion macrostomus the distance from the head edge to the anal orifice was larger in females than males. The colors of anal & caudal fins were darker in females than in males during the whole monthes of study.So , they were considered as perminantly sexual dimorphism characteristics. While, during the spawning seasons ( May , June , July & August) , the gill operculum was of orange color only in male that extend to the end of pectoral fin. So , this was considered as a temporary sexual dimorphism characteristic. In Chondrostoma regius the distance from the head edge to the dorsal fin & from the dorsal to caudal fin as well as the pectoral fin base length were larger in females than in males during the whole months of study it was considered that they are permanently sexual dimorphism characteristics. Differential characteristics were not noticed during the spawning season (February & March). The permanently sexual dimorphism & the general characteristics were not affected by the differences of standard length , weight , age & season , because they were observed in fishes of different lengths , weights & ages & during the months of study 2005. But , the seasons affect the development of temporary characteristics in Barbus luteus & Cyprinion macrostomus , because these characteristics were observed during the spawning season only. Aging of Barbus luteus was accompanied by growth increase as indicated by the mean of standard length during May , July, August, September & December & by the mean of weight during May , August, September, October & December. A positive correlation was found between standard length & weight during the months of study , with the exception of January. While aging of Cyprinion macrostomus & Chondrostoma regius was not accompanied by growth increase as indicated by the means of standard length & weight , but a positive correlation between standard length & weight was found during the studied months. Same growth type were observed in the three species of fish , it was allometric in two sexes.
اسم المؤلف:
ايثار فهمي عمر الخفاف
اسم المشرف:
نبراس احمد جاسم الربيعي
المستخلص:
تناول هذا البحث دراسة السمات الجمالية للتركيب الشكلي للنتاجات الخزفية المعاصرة في العراق، وجاءت الدراسة من خمسة فصول، مثل الاول الاطار العام للبحث والمتضمن المشكلة التي وضعت الفرضية الاتية ( في الوقت الذي يكشف الخزف المعاصر في العراق عن المهارات التشكيلية | This search to deal with studying the Characteristics of Aesthetic for Figuration Constrictive in the modern Iraqi pottery. and where established this studying of four chapters for example. First : The general fame to search and including the problem that status theory as follows ( In this time that discover pottery in the modern of Iraqi for The Skill Plastic , assembly , The constrictive and the technique , this emphasize of probation , although. The figuration system to overlap between the function and the aesthetic , and the different protection of the experience and the art thought that productive with characteristics figures. The presents for equations if answer is that : Is there the deference among experience and other , to distinguish to be reference was be cultural or sociological or the tradition civilization , in another phrase in state of this difference , This style limit text pottery and concerning Art ?. In this time , Is constrictive operation of potteries to be based on to imitate on the reality figure , or the addition modern ?. And , Is preparing the production for operation , the constrictive achievement , pattern or creativity in light to overlap and mixture and synthesize in constrictive operation ?. Is stretch aesthetic of this treatment , to interpret disposition has possessions of symbols , codes , signs and stretch cultural … or that has satisfaction treatment of the pattern or traditional have include of tributary and the different elements in beside of the difference material and the way execution and treatment. According to get this operation has to coordinate figuration another side and the stretch aesthetic of the Creativity from another side ?. While the important supplement of search to consider is quality studying and addition to , of scientist in the characteristics subject special with the Constrictive Figuration Aesthetic in The Art Pottery , and to Contribute the search in produce on to be conscious of Aesthetic and Article of Iraqis Potteries through of the importance with the constrictive building the figure. And the discover of experiment the Iraqis artist in the probability, instrument and the aims in addition of the new including has the pottery production. If the aim this studying illustration in discover of the characteristics of aesthetic with the Iraqi production Pottery that constrictive figure and if instate of the natural technique uses.In method collection that achievement and also reference this the Constrictive in the environment and the belife and the schools modern art.If when limited this studying timely in the period ( 1970 - 2002 A.C ) and in the place of ( Iraq ) , as known as the researcher in the natural light of the search now of Linguistic , Article , Philosophy and Procedural. As well as , the researcher go on to the chapter two that included four searches , First : That is talk the studying has the concept of characteristics of aesthetic to deal with some of thought of philosophy that belong to the subject of aesthetic and evaluation of aesthetic at achievement of artily and with that concern of some if opinion the aesthetic between the philosophical and the art and also that deal with to importance of the characteristics of the aesthetic are limited the characteristics a knowledge - the emotional - the movement a constructive and the static - the invention while to discuss with the second that included two parts ; First : ( the concept title of constrictive theoretical and related with as the important theoretical , and the second the systems of constrictive a figure of pottery Constructive is contain symbols ( Line , Color , Size ,Volume Lighting and Texture ). And includes on the principal as ( the Balance , the Rhythm , the Discrepancy , the Repetition , the Succession and the Interchange ). While , to discuss with the third topic the ore and techniques uses in the methods collection the woks fictile and also concept. The technique and importance in field pottery and the relationship when has between the various ores clay or the clay with another materials on the important techniques which uses in collection the achievement pottery.The same constrictive figuration or orally while the four tittles has discuss with the historical root is constructive in the art pottery the researcher has to explain to the development stages of this constructive since the old ages passing if the Islamic age and the dark ages and from then in this time , his schools artily and effect that stages on the production the art the fictile in the modern Iraqi.If that tittles the researcher had to extract to mention that the fame of theoretical whom with example this capture to level off the captures three what include performance of the search , if following a investigation of truth a tool of search and goes with numbers of especial to ask for an explanation and the importance interview with artists Iranian potteries and asking them for questions , that help him in thuthly analyzing samples , and then that production of the analyzing and the researcher is showing results in the capture four and this following : - 1. aesthetic characteristics in Iraqi modern pottery is coming according to varied compound manner and as follows : A. According to neighborhood relation as samples no. 5 \6\8 \9 \10 \25.B. According to cooperated relation as in samples no. 1\3\5\7\13\23\24\26\27\29C. According to interact relation as in samples no. : 20\24D. According to centralization as samples no. : 3\4\5\11\13\14\15\17\18\19\26\28.E. According to spread relation as samples no. : 1\2\10\12\20\21\22\24.2. the aesthetic characteristics of compound shape in some of modern Iraqi pottery was according to remarkable varied as follows : A. in using heritage civilization as samples no : 5\7\8\9\16\17\18\20\22\23\28.B. In using the Islamic heritage as samples no : 6\8\22.C. In using the folklore heritage as samples no : 2\3\9.3. the compound operation in order to created the aesthetic characteristics in modern Iraqi pottery with the experiment of Iraqi Artist( Sa'ad Shaker) as shape no. (23) in fourth searching.4. the aesthetic characteristics (aesthetic excitement as basic in the operation of compound shape in Iraqi modern pottery and according to many manners as follows : A. the social manner as in samples no. : 2\9\13\29.B. The political manner as in samples no. : 1\20\27.C. The psychological manner as in samples 21\24\27\28\29.D. The pure aesthetic as samples no. : 4\8\11\12\14\15\17\25.5. the aesthetic characteristics for compound shape is coming through moveable varied and harmonious manner as follows : A. Colored harmonious manners as samples no. : 3\4\6\7\8\9\10\11\13\14\16\20\25.B. According to harmonious lines manners in samples no. : 1\5\7\8\9\\11\12\14\16\18\22\24\25\27\29.C. According to harmonious texture manner as samples no : 3\5\6\7\9\10\11\13\14\15\16\18\20\21\22\25\26\29.D. According to valued harmonious lighting manner as samples no. : 2\3\5\6\8\10\11\13\15\16\19\20\23\24\25\26\27\28\29.E. According to harmonious structure manner in samples no : 5\7\8\18\22\24\25\29.6. the aesthetics characteristics for structure shape in modern Iraqi pottery and according to moveable varied different manner and as follows : A. colored - different moveable manner as samples no : 2\5\6\15\17\19\21\23\24\26\29.B. Moveable different structure manner as samples no : 1\2\5\9\10\12\16\18\19\24\29.C. Different moveable materialed manner (varied materials) as samples no. : 3\5\7\10\20\24\25\27.D. Moveable different texture manner as samples no. : 4\5\7\8\16\18\19\20\23\24\25\29.7. the aesthetic characteristics for structure shape is coming in Iraqi modern pottery according to varied musical manner as follows : A. according to musical structure manner as samples no. : 1\6\8\9\16\24\28.B. According to colored musical manner as samples no : 3\5\8\11\14\19\20\23\25.C. According to texture musical manner as samples no : 2\7\15\18\19\20\22\23\29.D. According to musical lined manner as samples no : 1\3\5\6\7\\8\9\11\12\14\16\1\8\21\22\24\25\27\29.E. According to musical volumed manner as samples no : 1\6\9\10\11\12.8. the aesthetic characteristics of shaped structure appeared in Iraqi modern pottery according to the quit manner that result of the balanced static of the unit (structure units) in the finished structure pottery as samples no : 1\2\6\7\17\19\21\23\26.9. the structure shape in Iraqi pottery and its aesthetics characteristics respond to modern technical as follows : A. according to using the power of material (clays - minerals - plastics )in order to create aesthetic characteristics in the building of shapes as samples no. : 1\3\5\7\9\10\20\21\23\24\25\26\27.B. According to mix the colored clays as sample no : 25.C. According to use the colors of glazing in different degrees of heat as samples no : 3\15\17\21\22\26.D. According to total manner for above mentioned points as samples no : 3\4\19\20\21.10. some aesthetic characteristics for structure shape appeared in Iraqi modern pottery according to repeating of the figure of shape as samples no : 2\11\15\26.11. the aesthetic characteristics coming in the structure shape in Iraqi modern pottery according to varied manner in adding sorted shape of the complete pottery which used in many functions as like (Jar) that is give aesthetic trace out of its lined shape as samples no : 5\11\21.12. the aesthetic characteristics coming for structure shape in Iraqi modern pottery through the solvent of the specialized parts of plastic arts (painting - structure - sculpture) as in samples no : 3\5\6\7\9\10\12\14\16\17\18\19\22\24\25\26\27\28\29.13. he researcher like this go on has production in special the characteristics of subject constrictive figuration aesthetic in achievement Iraqi pottery , showing after that his testament and suggestion.
