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الترتيبات الاقليمية والهيمنة الامريكية : جنوب شرق اسيا انموذجا Regional Arrangements and American Hegemony Southeast Asia as a model

اسم المؤلف: فينوس غالب كامل السعدي
اسم المشرف: سرمد زكي الجادر
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الدراسات الاستراتيجية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم السياسية - قسم الاستراتيجية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study has concentrated to search a phenomenon that has started to be emerged at the global level particularly since the end of World War II, namely the phenomenon of regional arrangements, which includes the contemporary history and containing the political literature many various experiments that aimed to establish regional arrangements, whether for security or political or economic one……etc. in various areas and are , all of them are suitable to extrapolate and take advantage with taking into account the differing circumstances and motives of power and interests of parties that were involved in.Amongst these experiments, the experience of regional arrangements is highlighted in the Southeast Asian region, which its importance is concentrated - among other related matters - as it is the first of its kind in the wake of the Second World War besides the emergence of the harbingers of a global system based on two poles,where the territory has witnessed many variables and associated with the great powers' struggles during the Cold War, extend their influence and spread serve the political, security and economic objectives using all methods to be achieved by growing arms race as well as by political instability that had happened in addition to the aspiration forces associated with great powers in political, security and economic to practice the role of regional powers on the South - East Asian countries, adding this to the internal divisions and problems that were experienced by countrieswhich led to the emergence of the experiences of economic integration, political and security integration so as to promote development and regional cooperation and expanding fields of cooperation and investment .These regional experiments were considered an index to the important steps that were taken by the countries of the region that the collective status at the International Labor has become the most influential of unilateral action which contributed effectively to the development of economic, political and security ties among countries of the region, and among the countries of the region and other international parties on the other hand.Focus of research in the Asian Regional Arrangements - particularly in South East Asia - in accordance to our point of views within the framework of the escalation of the importance of these arrangements in the face of challenges in international relations, especially economic challenge which imposed itself on the regional groups to re - examine many of the concerns and priorities toward cooperation and integration Under international situation that can no longer be dealt with in terms of small economic base represented by the State alone, despite the different area as evidenced by the efforts of even the first superpower - the United States - the creation of a set of regional arrangements revolve around, they set up a free trade zone for North America (( NAFTA)) and calls for the creation of a free trade area of the Americas, and the Pacific Ocean make it an extension of its regionally in order to enter into a conglomerate with Asian countries and Australia .The South - East Asia is considered an important region because of being one of the most areas and the fastest growing in the global economy, and with the direction to activate the role of the economic factor in international relations, that acquired by this region as an important dimension in international interactions in general and for the United States of America in particular.During the cold war era was the role the United States played in the South - East Asia of the most important roles in regional interactions affairs, it is true that this role has sought to contain communist expansion and influence the end of World War II , but to discharge the said planning and seeking to influence and domination, which United States to adopt many of the policies and alliances ways to make its role in the region is the most prominent through its involvement in all the alliances and agreements that occur in the region , on other hand , through affiliation of regional arrangements in the area, or through the twirl of bilateral and multilateral agreements with countries of the region or states surrounding the Kurdistan Region, which in turn is also trying to participate in the South - East Asia and the arrangements that is considered the importance of these arrangements for these forces .On the contemporary the Cold War period that witnessed patterns of bilateral cooperation between the countries of the region and the United States or the Soviet Union, and multilateral cooperation to build a multilateral regional arrangements , to ensure the security of the region, the period of post - Cold War saw the emergence of a new regional security environment has seen in some Business Continuity some aspects of the Cold War conditions, as well as the emergence of new arrangements for the countries of the region , that reflected the desire to find a suitable climate for dealing with data worsening regional situation and work to resolve those situations in which the Cold War left .This in turn led to the emergence of appearing and emerging voices from within the region demanding independence and away from the influence of this scalable American intervention in the region and arrangements of regional ready to conflict with the principles and rules ofAmerican hegemony, the United States of America as a single - polarization is keen to impose its views on the regional groupings around the globe.This is a fait accompli, but the gatherings and regional powers moving towards the development of their economic programs as well as the military, political and social, refers to the possibility of the emergence of a multipolar international system, then the United States realized the seriousness and sensitivity of the existence of regional groupings and arrangements to grow and develop in the geo - strategically and vibrant area surrounded by the electrodes Nuclear from each side that led to the desire to be a party to any regional alliance in the South East Asian region .So US strategy was keen to emphasize the need to prevent the emergence of any alliance in this region that can be directed against the United States and threatening to American interests through the formation of a security system to serve interests therewhere initiated maintains military alliances defense under the pretext of containing the threat of communism, and entered into a number of bilateral agreements with the countries of the region since 1951 and has entered into several agreements and security alliances within the region, which the United States made it possible to dominate for a long time on the Asian arena .Cosmic US strategy has remained during the Cold War period seeking to impose its hegemony on the Asian continent, to control and make it one of the fronts of confrontation with the Soviet Union, but in the wake of the Cold War , the United States began to rethink its security strategy in the region and to move towards a new strategy to be more compatible and closest with developments regional and international menu, where are the United States look at the South East Asian region as a source of security and economic challenges, where has made this area a greateconomic achievements broken which was by poverty and underdevelopment, which was characterized by the developing nations barrier, and have acquired certain features that have made them classified in the ranks of developed nations and became its own power and influence of an influence in the international arena.in addition to that , the economic growth has encouraged these countries to continue to update technological military operation and this portends a decline of US military prestige as a whole in the region and its role in the formulation of the balance of the region and its security, for these reasons, the United States was led to the thinking of the need to the creation of new security arrangements to be acceptable to the parties and regional president for the region and serve , as well , the interests of the United States and promote regional cooperation so as to achieve stability and security in the region .But what we observe today is so clear , that regional arrangements in the region now has a reaction towards the efforts of domination by the United States which is seeking to impose on them, and this is what was said the importance of the research topic being treated problematic relationship that was positive or inverse between American hegemony and American interests in the region and between regional arrangements in South - East Asia, additionally to that the topic is gaining great importance as well because of study of the nature of regional relations and annexed from economic and security as important as institutions (APEC) and (ASEAN) and (ASEAN Regional Forum) as well as the diverse relationships with the main parties , both in bilateral or multilateral within and outside the region alliances, and besides this is gaining study an important dimension in the study of the most important regional roles of major powers and efforts to rely on its regional way in supporting global roles basis in drawing policy world, which were emphasized by the ((China, Russia, Japan, India, the two Koreas, in addition to the United States of America)), and then it can be said that theregion attracts the attention of the most important international actors and efforts to monopolize hegemony over the region a path toward greater international role and more effectiveness .For the purpose of clarifying all of the above, the study is divided into four chapters as follows:Chapter I: The first chapter deals with the conceptual framework that is essential to any study in order to be the sound from the very beginning of the subject by clarifying the basic concepts in the subject Region, regional systems, and domination, in addition to the definition in South - East Asia in terms of geographical location and properties of the region.Chapter II: Chapter II specializes in addressing the most important challenges and problems that may be faced by the region, which resulted in the establishment of regional arrangements there, additionally to explain and brief explanation of the historical evolution that were experienced by these arrangements.Chapter III: Chapter III goes to show the selected models of regional arrangements in Southeast Asia, including the ASEAN, the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), and APEC.Chapter IV: Chapter IV, deals with introductions to American hegemony, as well as US interests in the Southeast Asian region, and clarify the roles allies and rivals of the United States of America in the regional arrangements for the South - East Asia, prevent clarify the most important future implications for American hegemony

الدور الدولي لحلف الناتو مكافحة الارهاب انموذج International Role For NATO Anti - Terrorism as Model

اسم المؤلف: تقى اياد خليل القيسي
اسم المشرف: قحطان كاظم محمد الخفاجي
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الدراسات الاستراتيجية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم السياسية - قسم الاستراتيجية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Saudi foreign policy has got great important for who deals with international affairs, it deals with politics events directly or indirectly; then its roll in most of the Arabic cases has showed clearly effected. Naturally the Saudi foreign policy interested in Arabic especially. The follower of the way to the development of Saudi politics to the age after the cold war towards Arabia ; find that it does not get away to the period that proceeded the cold war but continued to it. So the changes that happened to foreign and internal environments in last years of the 1980s and the beginning years of 1990s impost on the kingdom more interesting to the Arabian case. So at the time and after the gulf war the kingdom increased in power the military threat that the radical Iraqi regime was weaken another think the alliance with USA and the western that assured it the security. The vision that Saudi resemble towards the Arab - Israel conflict it is the dependent in the Arabic area.Although these good factors but they have become threat resources, the protection that US gives to kingdom has it paid in the economics problems that the kingdom faced after the second Gulf war directly in (1993,1994,1995).In addition of failure every tries to put combination that leads the Arabian interactive in 90s.The accusation of terror and the events of eleventh of September 2001 made the kingdom acting politics roll more actively towards the Arabic area cases.The invitation of the prince Abdullah for peace 2002 and to Syria to get back from Lebanon 2005 for that roll the appearance of Iran not only in Gulf but in Arabic as a competition.For the studying is enable to cover the important of the subject that it divided to introduction also two chapters the first search in variable effective the operation of making Saudi Arabia foreign policy . the second chapter studies the foreign policy behavior towards Arabic area since the end of the cold war.(chosen Arabic issue).The studying get many productions towards that issues.In gulf side : The kingdom insist on the necessary of the American existence in the area as an equal element for Iranian threat with assurance to find guaranty for gulf safety beside of that it tried to reduce the nervous centers and unstable in area. This clearly showed in the solving all the problems about the geographical boundaries with neighboring countries and refusing that Iran have had the nuclear weapons.In Iraqi side : With the growing of the Iraqi - American crisis and what the year 2002 has witnessed by increasing American military side to Iraq.The kingdom refused the military powers against Iraq and declared that it wouldn't allow using its grounds for shooting Iraq after the fallen of the regime in April 2003 kingdom was the first to invite the Arab counties to meet at council for searching the Iraqi development with the increasing of murdering and emigration the kingdom in Iraq assured the dissatisfaction of what is happening in Iraq and invite the necessary of policy sharing and welcoming with the Mecca policy that aimed to stop the violence in Iraq.In the Palestinian side : The Palestinian case formed an essential side from the external Saudi politics interests and it one of its standard that called to find a peacefully solution for this case by the decision of the legal international it assured that each sides of struggle should take care of the decisions of Madrid council for Pease 1991. And what it has signed in Oslo agreement 1993, so it faced against the Israel by the Palestinian side by its government and its people and it showed great interest by the great roll in this case and the invitation of prince Abdullah for peace 2002 for reaching to quiet peace between Palestine and Israel. But when the struggle has increased between Fateh and Hamas the kingdom has called for conversation in Mecca to put down these bloody wars in Palestine.In Lebanon side : From the principle of respect of the country the kingdom asked to get its army back from Lebanon lands and after the ex - president al - Hariry has been killed the kingdom asked to make international investigation to solve the problem. With the Israeli an attack for Lebanon in 2006 the kingdom called for stopping shooting although the criticisms that the kingdom put on Hizb Allah and its responsibility on what happened.In Yemen side : The kingdom insist in it refused position for entering Yemen to the cooperation gulf council nevertheless that Yemen announced that it transmit all obstacles that stand against of getting the membering.

الاستراتيجية الروسية حيال اقليم القوقاز : جورجيا انموذجا Russian strategy towards the Caucasus region (Georgia model)

اسم المؤلف: كرار عباس متعب فرج المسعودي
اسم المشرف: لبنى خميس مهدي الربيعي
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الدراسات الاستراتيجية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم السياسية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Poses province Caucasus General Georgia Especially Focus Interesting (historic And the political, geographic, economic, military) Parties International And regional since long time ago Even Time Presently, the form Stations Attract Empires Great Empire Mogul The Persian The Ottoman And Romania And Historic stations (Russia Tsarist After that Empire Russian And from Then Soviet) was Station Interest And attracting From empire The other On Power All Empire, and also she was Focus Conquests Islamic On hand Rightly Adults (RIP), but Narrative Date Caucasian We find Mostly from him He Under Influence And domination Russian Starting From Russia Tsarist Empire Russian Soviet and, if We reviewed Date Russian We find it's a Replete To dominate The presence at province Caucasus Nor drifting away about him And so The importance of Territory Historically And politically Russia, as Form Focus Starting Caesars Russians And private Kaiser (Peter Older) and campaigns And expansions in it and since Collapse Empire Tsarist And the advent of Empire Russian Which she was Subject province Caucasus General Georgia Especially to her Which Collapsed On hand Revolution Bolshevism In 1917, which On Impact Began Empire Soviet Take shape The Its leader Vladimir Lenin And from Then Joseph Stalin Effect Of at formation the Union Soviet In 1921, as subject province Caucasus (Northern And south) under Domination Soviet despite Happening Tensions Here There From Yup Coup The escape about him But Domination Soviet she was more powerful From So, while Georgia heart that Region ( the focus The study) was heart Concerns And interventions From Before Empires Previous And private From Before Russia Tsarist Empire Russian And Soviet And so Its importance strategically And its location at heart Territory The Affected Conquests Islamic Georgia Also, consider the Union Soviet (former) to Georgia On It a key province Caucasus So Make it Spin at Its orbit Strategic Nor Deviate about him despite change The transfiguration Circumstances And leaders the Union Soviet (former) and even After Collapse the Union Soviet (former) and independence Republics Soviet Previous about him And private at province Caucasus And private Georgia Form Territory General Georgia Especially Focus interest Strategic Russian Most Threw down several Strategies On Different Stages Ago Collapse Even Time the present Which she was Changed at All Stage But Target Strategic for every Stage Imperishable and he make Georgia No Deviate About Astronomy Strategic Russian The remaining Under Look Strategic Russian. Either geographically in the form of the territory of the territory of the Caucasus mountain constitutes isthmus stretching from the Caspian Sea to the east and the Black Sea to the west and north of the Russian Federation and to the south, and is a link between the continents of Asia and Europe and offers his views most easy and less expensive to Europe and is a territory of the Caucasus depth Geographical Strategic Russia Across Date And Russia Federal at Time the present Because Wall Separation About Threats Foreign There Allow Any Case From Conditions From the approach Of which The threat, either Georgia heart that Territory The point And private it's a Poses Location passage most Pipe Transfer Fulcrum energy From Area Sea Caspian to me Europe So See Russia at that Security Economic And a threat Pipeline Transported Energy if What It was the control On Georgia and this is What No Accept It. As for What Posed province Caucasus General Georgia Especially From Importance Economic Van Territory He Focus For most Resources energy at the world And private at Azerbaijan And as well About What It was Mentioned From it's a Poses As well as About Signed Geographical And strategic It constitutes status Economic strategy For most Countries the world And private Russia Federal And his heart Georgia (State of Traffic) for most Pipeline Transfer Energy, as well as About Neighborhood Area Sea Caspian Region Rich Powered or What it's called ( Gulf Arabi II) in Signal Of the bay Arabi the first the rich Energy, and this What Earns Importance strategy For the region Georgia To Russia Federal Which No Accept Non Role Dominant it . As for Military Importance The territory Caucasus General Georgia Especially Stems From Subscriptions Military Russia Across Date To Russia Federal After Collapse the Union Soviet (former) as Form Territory Point Fulcrum Rules Military Russian And private at Georgia After Eviction Military Russian Its rules at Georgia Kept Russia Federal Troops at Regions Georgia Separate By (Ossetia South, Abkhazia) as well About Troop save Peace International Which most of it Russian, this Subscriptions Military Russian Due The importance of province Caucasus General Georgia Especially militarily Russia Federal And security National Even No Stay Free And fill From the West And private the states United Of America. Increase from Importance Subject The study (Georgia) Heart province Caucasus He Strategies Russian Ago Collapse the Union Soviet (former) 1991 Even Time the present Which despite They change From Stage to me Stage Except It Confirms That Georgia Should that Stay at Astronomy Strategic Russian Nor Deviate Him. Event essential The importance of province Caucasus General And Georgia ( the focus The study) private And they form Importance strategy Russia Federal And she Line red The equation Zero Calculated Favor Russia Federal He War of 2008, which Proved Russia Federal Georgia And from Support Georgia at this the war Ban Russia Federal No Can Play with her at Neighborhood near And private province Caucasus And his heart Georgia was replayed decisive response reflects restore power and glory again. So problematic Our study starts From what province Caucasus And heart Territory Georgia (the focus The study) form Across Date The limit Time the present Location compete between most Empires Previous International And regional Surrounding Region Georgia Especially, What constitutes From Importance strategy and on all levels (historical, political, geographic, economic, and military), which End Parties International And regional After that From Try Permanent To access For the region Georgia Especially, the head this the parties Russia Federal which she was Historically Focus Seen And influence Like Continuous Territory And private Georgia And trying to Always Pursuit And domination On Territory And private Georgia And not Allow Parties International Regional From Access For the region Georgia Which Prepared Neighborhood near And her garden the background And scope Vital, but After Collapse the Union Soviet In 1991 form Territory And Georgia (the focus The study) region Location More Competitive between the parties International And regional From Side And Russia Federal From Side Other Outs The loose this Regions Georgia about him Any Case From Case, which Trying to Russia Federal Across Its strategy Multiple that Dominate On Regions Georgia Private . So In brief Location province Caucasus General Georgia Especially Poses Importance strategy Seriously And Pursuit Russian Permanent To dominate On Territory General And Georgia (the focus The study) private Across Strategies Multiple With Existence the parties International And regional Seeking To access For the region Georgia Especially And domination They Also, here Focus Problematic Study. From Case, which Trying to Russia Federal Across Its strategy Multiple that Dominate On Regions Georgia Private . So in brief Location province Caucasus General Georgia Especially Poses Importance strategy Seriously And Pursuit Russian Permanent To dominate On Territory General And Georgia ( the focus The study) private Across Strategies Multiple With Existence the parties International And regional Seeking To access For the region Georgia Especially And domination They Also, here Focus Problematic Study. The hypothesis The study Kicks off From Follows (form province Caucasus General Georgia heart Territory Especially Importance strategy Seriously Russia Federal Ago Football Even Time the present and on all Levels (historic And political The geographical And economic And the military, and that the Strategies Followed After Collapse the Union Soviet (former) in 1991 to Time the present she was The On make Georgia Preoccupied Always And Stable in order to No Trying to that Ever - About Astronomy Strategic Russian Nor Deviate about him The remaining at Scope Bio And her garden the background And support Russia at that Environment Interior Stable Politically And economically And militarily And future Strategy Russian About Georgia He Domination Them. For the purpose of Proof hypothesis studying Requires It Answer On Questions The following, namely: 1-What he province Caucasus (historically politically, geographically, economically, militarily) and how It was interest Strategic Russian with it 2-What she Georgia (historically and politically, geographically, economically, militarily), and how It was interest Strategic Russian Out 3-What she Strategies Russian Followed Ago Collapse the Union Soviet (former) in 1991 to Time the present And how I worked On Containment Georgia 4-What she Variables Interior And external Affecting at Strategy Russian about Georgia 5-What He future Strategy Russian about Georgia As for Subject studying divided to me an introduction and four Chapters and a conclusion: The Entrance and address: the importance Strategy The territory Caucasus Georgia It includes Two topics he searches the first The importance of province Caucasus at Strategy Russian It includes Four Demands, demand the first Importance Historical Political, and demand The second Importance Geographic, and demand the third Importance Economic, and the fourth It Importance Military, The Section The second It Importance Georgia at Strategy Russian Guarantees the Four Demands, first Importance Historical And political, either demand The second It Importance Geographic, The demand the third It Importance Economic, and the fourth It Importance Military, as well as About summary Of the season. As for the season The first Is entitled: Evolution Strategy Russian About Georgia (1991- Even Our time Present) guarantees the Two topics the first Strategy Russian About Georgia Phase (1991- 2008) and included Two demands, demand the first Strategy Russian About Georgia Phase (1991- 1999) The demand The second Guarantees the Strategy Russian About Georgia Phase (1999- 2008), The Section The second Strategy Russian About Georgia Phase (2008- Even Our time Present) guarantees the Two demands, first Strategy Russian About Georgia Phase (2008-2012) The demand The second Strategy Russian About Georgia (2012- Even Our time Present), as well as About summary Of the season. As for the season the second Is entitled: variables Affecting at Strategy Russian About Georgia Guarantees the Two topics the first Variables Interior Affecting at Strategy Russian About Georgia Guarantees the three Demands, first variable Politician As for The second variable Economic As for the third It variable Military, either Section The second It Variables Foreign Affecting at Strategy Russian About Georgia Guarantees the Two demands, first Variables Regional (Iran - Turkey) and the second Variables International (US United US - Europe), as well as About summary Of the season. As for the season the third It is entitled: The Future Strategy Russian about Georgia guarantees the Two scenes: the first Scene continued dominance Russian about Georgia, The The second It Scene Retreat dominance Russian About Georgia, as well as About summary Of the season. Finally, the very fact researcher From that province Caucasus General And Georgia ( the focus Study) and the heart Province Especially Constitute the strategic importance Parties International And regional And private Russia 's historic all stations (Tsarist Russian Empire, Soviet) and Russia Federal Ago The collapse of the Union Soviet 1991 Until the present time and at all levels (historical, political, geographic, economic, and military), and that the Russian Federation since the collapse of the Soviet Union up to the present raised several strategies towards Georgia From strategy the support Continued And continuing To provinces Georgia Claim Secession to me strategy Intervention Military Direct to me strategy Cooperation And openness Limited Mutual between Parties Russian The Georgian And Which It was Goal He make Georgia Spin at Astronomy Strategic Russian To Athid about him gesticulate Support That Strategies He stability environment Interior Russia Federal (politically, economically Militarily), as well as what it has been said of the strategic importance of the region of the Caucasus and Georgia , the heart of that territory, either the findings of the researcher about the future of Russian strategic about Georgia researcher and threw down the first two scenes scene Russian continued dominance over Georgia put the chances And ballasts check This Scene, a What Agreed With him researcher And so to prove the hypothesis study, what a scene the second a sight decline of Russia 's strategic dominance over Georgia, a money consistent with the researcher

تحديات بناء الدولة العراقية بعد عام 2003 : دراسة جيوستراتيجية The Challengs of Iraq's State Building After the Year 2003 (Geostrategic Study)

اسم المؤلف: علي حسين احمد
اسم المشرف: قاسم محمد عبيد الجنابي عامر حسن فياض
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الدراسات الاستراتيجية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم السياسية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يتكامل مع المقومات الجيوبولتيكية للدولة مقوم معنوي هو فكرة الدولة التي يجسدها شعور افراد المجتمع بوحدة الاهداف والمصالح والانتماء للدولة التي تعبر عنهم، واقرارهم بنظامها السياسي واحترامه وامتثالهم لقواعده القانونية، والدولة في العالم المتقدم منظومة علاقات سياسية واجتماعية واقتصادية تتماهى الدولة من خلالها مع المجتمع وتتجذر فيه، ولم يتحقق ذلك الا بعد مسيرة تطور وعملية تنشئه اجتماعية سياسية ازاحت الثقافة التقليدية وروابطها واعادت تشكيل بنية المجتمع على مفهوم المواطنة وروابطه والهوية الوطنية الجامعة لمكونات المجتمع المختلفة. ولم تمر الدولة العراقية منذ ولادتها عام 1921 بمسيرة تطور تكاملية المراحل ولم تعبر الدولة الناشئة عن مجتمعها المتعدد الاعراق والديانات والمذاهب والثقافات، وسادت حالة من القطيعة بين الدولة ومجتمعها، وقد وضعتها ظروف نشاتها والطبيعة المضطربة غير المستقرة سواء في داخلها، او في اقليم الشرق الاوسط في مواجهة تحديات داخلية وخارجية عجزت عن التعامل معها بسبب ضعفها النابع من ضعف ارتباطها مع مجتمعها التعددي المتنافر غير المندمج الذي فشلت كل الحكومات المتعاقبة في ادارة تعدديته، وعجزت عن خلق المجتمع المنظم الذي توحده الهوية الوطنية العراقية. واندلعت الصراعات والانقسامات الاجتماعية التي اخذت طابعا سياسيا بعد الاحتلال الامريكي عام 2003 بسبب ترسيخ سلطات الاحتلال للانتماءات والولاءات الفرعية عبر تشكيلها لمجلس الحكم الانتقالي على اسس المحاصصة العرقية والطائفية التي خلقت الطائفية السياسية واججت الصراعات والعنف والفوضى، وشوهت بنية الاحزاب ووظائفها السياسية والاجتماعية، وجاءت بدستور يعاني من عدم الوضوح والثغرات التي خلقت المشاكل والتوترات وستيعد انتاجها مستقبلا ان لم يعدل الدستور، او تعاد كتابته، وكان من نتائج الاحتلال الامريكي تحول العراق الى ميدان للصراع والتنافس الدولي، لادراك القوى الدولية للابعاد الجيوستراتيجية المترتبة على هذا الاحتلال الذي اخل بالتوازنات بين هذه القوى لصالح الولايات المتحدة في الشرق الاوسط، وانعكست تداعيات الصراع على استقرار العراق وامنه واثرت سلبا على عملية بناء الدولة، كما دخلت منطقة الشرق الاوسط والخليج العربي مرحلة اعادة ترتيب لادوار القوى الاقليمية ومجالات نفوذها ومصالحها وتداخلت هذه المجالات في العراق الذي اصبح ميدان تنافس وصراع بين القوى الاقليمية لتصفية الحسابات والاضطلاع بدور اقليمي اكبر وترك هذا الصراع بصماته على اوضاع العراق السياسية والاجتماعية والامنية والاقتصادية وغذى الانقسامات الاجتماعية مما اثر بشكل كبير على وحدة المجتمع وعملية بناء الدولة، ويتطلب التعامل مع التحديات بشقيها الداخلي والخارجي، واستكمال عملية بناء الدولة تبني استراتيجية للتنشئة الاجتماعية السياسية لاعادة بناء الفرد والمجتمع كخيار استراتيجي، وتبني خيار مرحلي بالاعتماد على النخبة من التكنوقراط لايقاف التداعي والانهيار وبناء دولة المؤسسات وتعزيز التماسك الاجتماعي والوحدة الوطنية، اذ ان المجتمع الموحد يمثل عمق الدولة الاستراتيجي ومرتكزها للتعامل مع التحديات وادامة عملية البناء والتنمية الشاملة، وتتكامل مع استراتيجية بناء الداخل استراتيجية كفوءة للشؤون الخارجية لتحقيق اهداف السياسة الخارجية وفي مقدمتها استعادة مكانة العراق على الساحتين الاقليمية والدولية . | The notion of state as immaterial factor integrated with state's geopolitical components, embodied in societies individuals unified goals, interests, and feelings of affiliation to their state, and recognition of its political system, respecting and follow its regulations, because it indicates them as citizens. In developed world states these elements have become a system of political, social, and economic interrelations rooted in society after series of evolutions and sociopolitical socialization process displaced customary culture,re - forming society structure around national identity and citizenship bonds to integrate society's divers constituent. Iraqi state hasn't witnessed these developments since its existence in 1921, and it didn't speak out on its divers society descents, religious, creeds, and cultures, moreover a condition of reclusion prevailed between the state and its society. The circumstances encompass its origination, besides the destabilized context wether inside Iraq or in the Middle East region put it in facing with challenges it failed to deal with, because of the weakness stem from the delicacy relations between the existed state and its diverse discordant society which indicated the deficiency to create organized society unified by Iraqi national identity. Conflicts and societal partition flared up after the American invasion of Iraq in 2003 took political form due to occupation authorities decision to form the interim governing council on racial and sectarian quota which ignited violence, twisted political parties structures, affecting their political and societal functions, besides producing an improper constitution experience ambiguity and crevasses, creating turmoil's and problems and will reproduce them in future unless constitutional amendment or rewriting take place. Iraq turned into international confrontation and competition arena after the American occupation in 2003, because of international powers realization of geostrategic impacts that would disrupt the balance among them in favor of the United States in the Middle East.These impacts reflected upon Iraq's security and stability and negatively affect the state building process, as the Middle East and Arabian Gulf region fall under a phrase of rearranging roles of regional powers and their spheres of influence and interests overlapped in Iraq due to its geostrategic importance. Thus Iraq has become the field of struggle between these powers for liquidation and taking over main regional role, which directly destabilized Iraqs political, social, security, and economic status. The aftermath of these variables interactions greatly acted upon society's unity and state building process in Iraq. The dealing with internal and external challenges, and the perfection of state construction require a sociopolitical socialization to rebuild individuals and society on democratic values as strategic option, and count on technocracy elite to put an end for disorder and downfall to establish Iraqi state on basis of establishment and promoting societal solidarity and unity, because society represents state strategic depth and pivot to tackle Challenges and maintain development Persistenncy. This strategy must be integrated with active foreign affairs strategy to achieve foreign policy objectives, endeavor to retrieve Iraqs prestige at both regional and international levels is on top. The study comprises an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter delt with Iraqi state historicity in two sections. The first section studies internal and external challenges facing the process of construction Iraqi state during monarchist era 1921 - 1958. The second section examines the challenges during republican era 1958 - 2003. The second chapter investigates state building internal challenge after 2003 in three sections. The first section studies legislations and political challenges, the second section examines security challenges, while the third one devoted to study the socioeconomic challenges. The third chapter puts under scrutiny the state building external challenges, the first section studies international challenges, and the second section investigates the regional challenges. The fourth chapter reviews in its first section the strategy of dealing with internal challenges, the second section examines the foreign affairs strategy required to deal with external challenges, The conclusion of the thesis includes a summary of the results reached to through the present study.

القيادة واثرها في الاداء الاستراتيجي التركي الشرق الاوسط انموذجا Leadership and its Impact on the Turkish Strategic Performance Middle East as a Model

اسم المؤلف: محمد عبد الله راضي
اسم المشرف: باقر جواد كاظم السوداني
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الدراسات الاستراتيجية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم السياسية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study addressed the issue of leadership, as one of the important topics in the field of political science, and in strategic studies. Political leaders are to give countries a regional or global status.The political leadership in the country, define the objectives, means of implementation, determine the power and weaknesses of the state, and monitoring the opportunities and difficulties, in the internal and external environment.Turkey, since 2002, witnessed the presence of a leadership with Islamic content, able to convey Turkey than doubled phase to phase power. And headed Turkey, under the control of the Islamists, to pay attention to the Middle East, as a strategic area.The Middle East, as a geographic area, includes : Egypt, Israel, and the Arab Gulf States, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Palestine, Iraq, Turkey, and Iran. And some of them add : Pakistan, Afghanistan, Arab Maghreb countries, and Sudan.Turkey lies in the Middle East, and during the period between 1923 - 2002, went secular, aiming to join Europe, and have been associated with NATO and the United States, ignoring its relations with the Middle East.The Islamists after taking power in Turkey, gave their attention to the Middle East, which was considered a pivotal area, to perform as a strategic actor.The study aims to : find a relationship between the role of Islamists leadership and the performance of Turkey in the Middle East. Within the period 2002 - 2020.And that raised the issue of the relationship between : the leadership of the Islamists, and Turkey's role in the Middle East, an important question : Is the effectiveness of the Turkish strategy, during the period 2002 - 2015, in the Middle East, linked to the presence of Islamists in power?The answer, verified the existence of a relationship between two variables. Turkey and the shift towards secular parties will push Turkey towards : a little get away from the Middle EastThe study was divided into three chapters, an introduction and a conclusion : 1. First chapter : (Turkish leadership and strategic perception of the Middle East), and it has to answer the question : How Islamists consider Turkey's role in the Middle East?And address this issue in two paragraphs, first : the theoretical framework for leadership, the relationship between leadership and strategic performance, and leadership connection with the strategic decision making in Turkey, and second : Turkish strategic perception of the Middle East from the aspects of political, security, economic and civilization importance.2. Second chapter (Turkish leadership and strategy in the Middle East). It has to answer the question : What is Turkey's strategic orientation towards the Middle East, and what is the content of the strategic performance?And it headed the study, in dealing with this subject, through three paragraphs : first, focused on variables effect Turkey's strategic performance in the Middle East. And second, it focused on the strategic orientation of the Turkish in the Middle East. And third, the history of Turkish strategic performance since World War II.3. Third chapter (Leadership and the future of strategic performance in the Middle East), and has to answer the question : Will the Islamists continue in the leadership of Turkey till 2023? And whether changes will happen in Turkey's strategy in the Middle East?And it headed the study, in dealing with this subject, through two paragraphs, first : the expected changes, in leadership, during the period between 2015 - 2020, inside Turkey, and second what changes is expected on the Turkish strategic performance, in the Middle East according to changes in leadership

مستقبل مكانة العراق في التفكير الاستراتيجي الامريكي The future of Iraq's position in American strategic thinking

اسم المؤلف: عمر عبد الجبار كامل الحياني
اسم المشرف: لبنى خميس مهدي الربيعي
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الدراسات الاستراتيجية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم السياسية - قسم الاستراتيجية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Importance of the subject : The study of the process of American strategic thinking about the case, but it is the study of the phenomenon of ever - changing, the United States of America to adopt its strategy depending on the nature of each stage pass out, so the future of our study of the status of Iraq in US strategic thinking begin studying the goals of the United States changing in Iraq, according to each down to goals and future determinants of its strategy in this country phase.There is no doubt that Iraq has an advanced position in American strategic thinking, Iraq and by its very nature geo - strategic (political, economic, and security) is a variable influential and influenced by the countries of the regional neighbors and thus on the overall US interests in the Middle East that combines strategic location and stores the energy features, this is perceived by the United States which formulate strategies one after the other.It also highlights the importance of our study of the subject, in many respects, and perhaps most important is the timing, as the current phase is one of the most intense phase of the evolution of the US approach toward Iraq forestry because of the security crisis experienced by Iraq in its fight existential terror that still occupy parts of it, and also because of the development of Middle East fragile region and in this context, this study will try to monitor and identify trends in US strategic thinking and the type of performance that US administration, current and future, to deal with the situation in Iraq in accordance with the objectives of the current strategic interests of the US or to be reformulated if what I thought the US make a lot of efforts to assert its influence in Iraq and gain a foothold permanent military presence have it.This study runs from the specific problem of the effect that there was an officer and future US vision on Iraq factors, particularly the (site of Iraq in the US war on terrorism, the need of the United States for Iraqi oil, the rise of the Iranian role, the interest of the United States in the Middle East) Despite from the fact that these factors are within an environment characterized by liquidity and the pace of change at short ranges, the interests of the United States and its role in Iraq and the size of the threat to make the decline in the status of Iraq is not an option acceptable to the United States of America in the future.According to the problem, this study aims to prove the validity of the hypothesis that there is a direct correlation between the level of place occupied by the Middle East region in the priorities of the US administration and the extent of its involvement in its files that (the war on terrorism, to contain Iran's rising influence, energy security, the security of traditional allies States United American) and the prestige that supposedly enjoyed by Iraq, and for the purpose of proving this hypothesis has to be to answer a number of questions : - What attributes of US strategic thinking and characteristics that distinguish it?What is the importance placed on Iraq in US strategic thinking ? - - What are the main changes witnessed by the strategic direction of the US towards Iraq since the end of the Cold War? - What are the main internal and external variables affecting the future of the prestige enjoyed by Iraq in US strategic thinking ?In light of the foregoing and through our treatment of the subject of the future of Iraq, the US position in the strategic thinking of the elements of this status enjoyed by Iraq is made up of several aspects, according to available upon this country and of the advantages of the elements of power : Politically, the Iraq of the US view is a political gravity force insurmountable within the ranges of the Middle East region, especially if re - training course and adjust the behavior of its political system in the framework of cooperation relations or equivalent US influence, which will make a loop allies of the United States in the region , the economic importance of Iraq constitute oil wealth founded on, and perhaps this side is better explains the intensity of American strategic engagement in the case of Iraq exclusively in the region, on the other hand, the United States control over Iraq's oil and the Persian Gulf gave way to determine global production volumes and volumes of supply and oil prices so on, in making the development of other countries and growth of the economic subject indirectly American supervision, or security interest - the military of Iraq in US strategic thinking, Vtaatoty of the nature of the security environment of the Middle East where there are in the first place, and what is available upon Iraq the stature and impact in achieving military balance of regional security in this region is stable, the one hand, Iraq's position reflected in the security environment, territorial what constitutes a bridge vital links the Gulf states with Iran, it has Iraq has always been an important factor in the inter - relationship between Iran and its environs, as pose security agreements signed between Iraq and the United States in the content of public basic foundation of US military strategy in order to make Iraq a partner of the United States and among its allies in the war on terror.To determine the future of Iraq's place in American strategic thinking depends on the beginning of a series of issues that have a role in tipping Iraq's position or not in the formulation of a comprehensive US strategy for any US administration to come, whether or democratic republic, and most of these issues are : - The status of the Middle East in the American strategy : that the location of Iraq in the heart of the Middle East means self - evident that his place in US strategic thinking is the mortgage status of this region as a whole in the priorities of the American administrations, we have observed that the Middle East, the status of the decline in the US strategy for the South East region Asia - Pacific throughout the era of President Barack Obama has contributed to the decline in Iraq's position in the priorities of this administration, and therefore it would revive the trend of US interventionism in the affairs of the Middle East, again, that Iraq due course to the top of US strategic priorities. - The need of the United States for oil : the United States consume at present a quarter of global oil production, even though it has only 3 percent of global oil reserves, according to the statistics of 2015, saw the years between the years 2013 to 2015 US demand growth oil exceeds demand in China's growth (), so the United States consider to Iraq in the long term as a vital source for the future of energy in the world, as is expected, that Iraq would be his "biggest contribution to a great extent for the growth of global oil supply." , so the extent of the US need for oil will affect how much weight will have in the US strategic thinking. - America's war on terror : In the event of any US administration has decided to increase its involvement in the fight against terrorism, Iraq will remain until the near future is at the center of this war, in the sense that he must be the main square of her, and this intervention will reflect positively necessarily on Iraq, the status of the US American United, one hand is seen by many in the American research and study centers that the jump made by terrorist organizations in 2014 was the result of a full US withdrawal and non - official from Iraq in 2011, the study concluded two scenes prospective potential, namely. - that the United States increase its support and its military presence in Iraq to help in its war on terror in order to reassert its influence and role in the whole Middle East region and to prevent international and regional powers of the competition hegemony or fill US void in Iraq, and also confirmed that the US ambassador former Zalmay Khalilzad that opportunity back US influence in Iraq, large, and that the current data indicate that helping Iraq restore the military balance, the most important steps of the possible adoption by the US administration to support and strengthen relations with Iraq.to see the status of Iraq's decline in US strategic thinking, if it wanted the next US administration apply what he called Ian Bremmer, in his book "Great Powers : three options for the US role in the world," strategy "US Independence", which aims to reduce the United States of its international obligations dramatically, and that revolves around the inside first, and reduce military expenditures, in addition to withdrawing completely from the Middle East, where he sees that it is time for the decomposition of the responsibility for solving the problems of others, the United States is the US is depleted from during its obligations to defend allies

الازمة السياسية الاجتماعية في البحرين : دراسة في اسباب الازمة وابعادها The political - social crisis in Bahrain : a study in the causes of the crisis and its dimensions

اسم المؤلف: مصطفى عبد الجبار عباس ناصر
اسم المشرف: سعيد مجيد دحدوح
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الدراسات الاستراتيجية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية العلوم السياسية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي وادارة الازمات الاقليمية ازمة : اليمن انموذجا Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) And Management Of Regional Crises (Crisis Of Yemen As A Model)

اسم المؤلف: دعاء جمعة نعمة
اسم المشرف: مالك دحام الجميلي
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الدراسات الاستراتيجية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم السياسية - قسم الاستراتيجية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) establishment in 1981 represented a turning point in Arab Relationships as a successful model in restructuring united Arab Frame. The idea of this Council had emerged from the joint point of view and the urgent necessity that cooperation and coordination among six Arab Gulf Countries : ( Saudi Arabia Kingdom - Kuwait - U.A.E - Qatar - Kingdom of Bahrain - Oman) after the continuous development as a result of the close relationships that were enforced many other factors of the joint history, Geographic Neighboring, Faith and Belief in Joint Fate , in addition to the very similarity of these countries in their political , economic, social, and military policies, besides their confrontation against threats and risks as well as overcoming their internal which are.Thus, Arab Gulf States had increased their efforts for the purpose of achieving further cooperation and further rapprochement through holding bilateral and multiple agreements Gulf Cooperation Council was emerged consequently , Council had achieved many of its main targets, it had many great and widely participations at the local, regional and international levels in a changing atmosphere. Council was able to overcome the all the difficulties.There is no doubt that the administration of the Council for the regional crisis were so serious, many factors were actually needed, The Arab Gulf Council several features in order to deal with the troubles in this zone represented by Oil wealth that was well applied by Arab Gulf States so as to develop these States and go on progress for their sake. On other hand, Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) has been able to demonstrate the regional crisis. Besides the disturbed situations that the Neighboring States witnesses, they represented a critical challenge against the security of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), that matter needs to study in very details with stating the solutions through submitting strategies including several elements aiming to limit the crisis and amongst the negative effects against National Security for Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).In this Thesis, Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) was studied with focusing on Crisis of Yemen as a model. Nowadays is passed with sensitive stage and critical turning point , as it witnessed sequent crisis along the time, and returned from long wars up to now. Furthermore, it affirmed on the political , security and fate importance for Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) in protecting security and stability of Gulf Region that makes its study, its analysis and to identify on their future repercussions as an important case in the context of scientific research

استراتيجية مكافحة الارهاب في العراق : دراسة مستقبلية The Fight Against Terrorism In Iraq Strategy Vision For The Future

اسم المؤلف: ايات ناصر جابر
اسم المشرف: حسين علاوي خليفة
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الدراسات الاستراتيجية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة النهرين - كلية العلوم السياسية - قسم الاستراتيجية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The phenomenon of Terrorism has made a chalanges for iraqi government after All the changes in specific, therefore the battle against the terrorists one of the most politics task which is developed and raised constantly, the terrorist has keep growing and the strategies growing as well in same time, that one takes from iraq to made a new vision in regard to build strong strategy for fighting the terrorism since 2008 , cuase that strategy has becomes a principle thing to fight the terrorism and also for supporting the natinal security through that same vision , specially by military forces and activate the politics issues in this regard. but the politics conflict is making a big Barrier for keep turning down the terrorism in iraq , the terrorism has several method for look up started from consolidation of jihad , and al qaeda group in iraq up to announce the islamic state in iraq thru isis which is known under the name of islamic state in iraq and sham and finally raised name called islamic Succession in iraq , and then all these terrorism groups has becomes one of the strategic challenges , by here the topic has cleared enough to by under the title of ( the setratigy of fighting the terrorism in iraq , future visibility. ) which going to discussed for the period of time after 2003 till 2016 therefore the futuer going to viewed by Central scenario in predictively. The importance of studying becuase iraq has passing through big challenges against the terrorist and terrorism forces. specially the terrorism effecting the future of iraq government , that's mean the terrorism stay in constantly threat mode agaisnt the state. unless we are going to developing that setratigy through ultimately vision not only keep looking at militery solutions that way the terrorism is going the be one of the most threats to the goverment for among next five years.The main thing to pay attention to, in the correction path of counter - terrorism operation in Iraq is to achieve common ground to find a plan and perform an effective and realistic security that both reflect the total strategic perceptions and security policies framed for the national security strategy that paint on the basis of which the national strategy for counter - terrorism that iclude political,economical,social,military,cultural,civilized and religious values. Security planning should also be reflected on the arrangement on the goals and the national interests of the Iraqi state, the state aims by characterization and achievement of its security to reach a deeper goal , which is to preserve the higher interests.Perhaps the first thing that necessitated this need is to mobilize social and political forces in the variety of its positions in the community in order to participate in a collective response against national security challenges.Also, the pursuit of the Iraqi state to acheive its security must be done through positive interactive relationships with the external environment,especially with neighboring countries through holding bilateral and multilateral security agreements in the field of security coordination and cooperation and exchange of information about cross - border terrorism and prevent the infiltration of terrorists and weapons into the Iraqi lands across borders and Work to dry up the sources of terrorism.The realization of a comprehensive strategy to combat terrorism will be an enhanced element for the Iraqi national security and will achieves stability for the Iraqi state.The Strengthening of anti - terrorism strategy has become a necessity, not an option because terrorism represents one of the baisic challenges that paralyse the capacity of the state , cause terrorist organizations like ISIS , represents one of the strategic challenges in the foreseeable future.