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تاثير كل من عقار الروزوفاستاتين وعقار الاتورفاستاتين على مؤشرات نسب السكر المصاحبة للسمنة المحدثة في الفئران == Effects Of Atorvastatin Versus Rosuvastatin On Glycaemic Indices In Diet Induced Obese Mice

اسم المؤلف: نورس لطيف وهاب
اسم المشرف: علي اسماعيل عبد الله محمد | حيدر مطير القريشي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الادوية والسموم
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Numerous interventional cardiovascular disease outcome studies have resulted in statins being an essential factor of cardiovascular primary and secondary prevention strategies.In recent years there was ahigh concern that statin use is associated with diabetes new onset which is strong, independent risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) and cerebrovascular outcomes ,several studies resulted in conflicting results regarding different statin types & dose effect on glycemic control. Atorvastatin which is the most widely used statin worldwide and rosuvastatin the most efficacious ;they have different structural characteristics that have been speculated to have influence on diabetes onset.Aim of the study : The present study aims at investigating the effect of different doses of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin on glycaemic indices and metabolic disorders on mice model of diet induced obesity. Materials and method : The animals were divided into two groups : one served as control that received normal regular chow & the other group received high fat diet for the whole 12 weeks of experiment.After eight weeks of HFD feeding ;group (2) farther subdivided into five groups(12 mice in each) ; the first group received HFD only ,the second group received single daily dose / po of 20mg /kg rosuvastatin ,the third group received single daily dose / po of 40mg /kg rosuvastatin ,the fourth group received single daily dose / po of 20mg /kg atorvastatin ,and the fifth group received single daily dose / po of 40mg /kg atorvastatin for the last four weeks of experiment.Body weight ,food intake, lipid profile ,glycaemic indices were taken at baseline ,before treatment and after treatment.At the end of experiment ,animals were sacrificed , plasma & tissue sample were collected for biochemical analysis and histological observations.Results : Results of the present study shows that high fat diet feeding resulted in obesity development and metabolic abnormality like; hyperglycemia ,hyperinsulinemia ,insulin resistance , dyslipidemia and moderate to severe hepatic steatohepetitis compared to control group. and treatment resulted in significant improvement in lipid profile ,reduction in food intake ,body weight ,also associated with improvement in insulin sensitivity , hepatic steatohepetitis and reduction in insulin secretion.twenty mg/kg dose of atorvastatin showed better influence on glycaemic indices and comparable influence on hepatic picture over fourty mg/kg does while twenty mg/kg dose of rosuvastatin resulted in deterioration of glycaemic indices and no apparent improvement in hepatic steatosis. Unlike group that received 40 mg /kg rosuvastatin which showed significant improvement in all related metabolic disorders. Conclusion : Feeding mice with high calories diet for 2 month result in induction of obesity and disturbance of metabolic parameters. Treatment with rosuvastatin or atorvastatin has good impact on bodyweight , metabolic derangements &hepatic steatosis in obese mice. Both drugs seems to improve lipid profile in dose dependent manner, however their effects on glycaemic indices has different attitude. It is seems that rosuvastatin, especially at high dose, has better impact on glycaemic indices than atorvastatin and this might attributed to the difference in their pharmacokinetic properties

تاثير استخدام عقار الميتفورمين منفردا او مع عقار السيتاكلبتين على مستويات الاومنتين - 1 لدى مرضى داء السكري من النوع الثاني == Effects Of Metformin Alone Or In Combination With Sitagliptin On Serum Omentin - 1 Levels In Patients With Type - 2 Diabetes Mellitus

اسم المؤلف: ميقات طالب حمادة
اسم المشرف: حيدر مطير خليل القريشي | عبد الكريم يحيى السامرائي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الادوية والسموم
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الخلفية : داء السكري يشير الى مجموعة من امراض الايض مع ارتفاع مستوى سكر الدم. يمثل النوع الثاني من داء السكري ما نسبته 90 - 95% من جميع حالات السكري. يمثل النقص في الانسولين ومقاومة الانسولين وغيرها من الاضطرابات الهرمونية المشاكل الاساسية لمرضى السكري من ال | Background : Diabetes mellitus (DM) describes chronic metabolic disorders with hyperglycemia. Type II DM (T2DM) represents for approximately 90 - 95% of all diabetic types. A combination of insulin deficiency, insulin resistance and other hormonal irregularities are key problems with T2DM. Adipose tissue can be classified into two types : the brown and white adipose tissues. The white type is considered an important secretory organ which produces many bioactive molecules, collectively termed adipokines. Recently, a new adipokine named omentin - 1, has been identified and it was found that individuals with impairment in glucose homeostasis and newly diagnosed T2DM showed a lower serum omentin - 1 level. However, the effects of antidiabetes drugs on serum omentin - 1 level had not been studied extensively.Objective : The current study was design to measure serum omentin - 1 in T2DM as comparing with control subjects, also to study the effect of three months therapy with metformin and/or sitagliptin (when added to ongoing metformin therapy) on serum omentin - 1 levels in addition to other parameters.Method : This study was carried out on thirty healthy control subjects, and sixty three T2DM patients. The patients enrolled in the current study were divided into two groups. First group : included thirty one of newly diagnosed T2DM patients, started treatment with metformin. Second group : included thirty two patients with T2DM, already on ongoing metformin therapy and started treatment with sitagliptin. All patients received their treatment for three months duration, and blood samples were collected from them at the beginning of the study and after three months of starting treatment to measure the possible change in the studied parameters which include : fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PBG), Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum level of insulin, insulin resistance (IR), serum omentin - 1 levels, lipid profile, body mass index (BMI) as well as blood pressure. Results : The results showed that baseline level of serum omentin - 1 in the newly diagnosed T2DM was significantly lower than matched control subjects. The level of omentin - 1 was significantly reduced after three months duration of treatment in sitagliptin group with no significant change in metformin group. FBG, HbA1c and PBG were decreased significantly after three months in metformin group, while in sitagliptin group, only HbA1c and PBG were decreased significantly after three months. In both groups, and after three months duration of treatment, there were no significant changes in serum level of insulin, IR, TG, VLDL - C, HDL - C, BMI, and blood pressure.Conclusion : In newly diagnosed patients with T2DM, serum omentin - 1 was reduced compared to age and BMI matched healthy subjects. Three months treatment with sitagliptin resulted in a significant reduction in omentin - 1 levels compared with baseline values. However, three months treatment with metformin had no significant effect on serum omentin - 1 level compared with pre - treatment value

تاثير استخدام عقار الكلورال هيدريت منفردا او استعماله مجتمعا مع عقار الديازيبام كمهدئ عند قياس الاداء السمعي الدماغي عند الاطفال == Chloral Hydrate Alone Or In Combination With Diazepam As A Sedative For Auditory Brainstem Response Testing In A Pediatric

اسم المؤلف: مريم محمد حميد مصطفى
اسم المشرف: حيدر مطير خليل القريشي | حيدر وهاب السرحان
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الادوية والسموم
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة الحالية لبحث تاثير استخدام الكلورال هيدريت منفردا او استعماله مع الديازيبام كمهدئ عند قياس الاداء السمعي الدماغي عند الاطفال من اجل تقييم ما اذا كان اضافة الديازيبام له تاثير ايجابي او سلبي.اعتمدت الدراسة الحاليه على160 متطوعا من الاطفال ال | Background : children usually need sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. It is well known that pediatrics age groups are at higher risk for sedation - related complications than adults. Auditory brainstem response testing is one of the important diagnostic procedure that usually need sedation in order to preformed in children. Chloral hydrate is a hypnotic agent used since 1832 with low incidence of adverse events; whoever, despite the world wide use it is being abandoned due to bitter test, long time of sedation onset, vomiting and mild sedation. Rectally diazepam, on the other hand, produces higher and fast concentration in CSF with greater rate of success but probably with higher adverse events. Aim of the study : were to compare the sedative effect of chloral hydrate with chloral hydrate diazepam combination as well as their related adverse effects in children underwentg auditory brainstem response testing. Methods : in this randomized clinical study, 160 child underwent sedation for auditory brainstem response test participated. They were divided equally and randomly into 4 groups. Group A : Received 20 mg/Kg oral chloral hydrate as sedative, Group B : Received 20 mg/Kg oral chloral hydrate plus 0.5 mg/Kg diazepam rectally, Group C : Received 40 mg/Kg oral chloral hydrate as sedative, and Group D : Received 40 mg/Kg oral chloral hydrate plus 0.5 mg/Kg diazepam rectally. At the beginning, blood pressure, respiratory rates, peripheral oxygen saturation recorded, and then re - recorded immediately after drug administration and at (3, 5, 10, 20, …. min). Ramsay sedation scale used for assessment of the sedation level which measured every 10 min. Results : This study shown the beneficial use of chloral hydrate in combination with diazepam as sedation in ABR test (in groups D) by increased in the sedated number (p<0.05), decreased in the requirement of chloral hydrate re - dose, increased in the number of children whom completed ABR test (p<0.05) without significant differences on side effects or vital signs compared with the others three groups. 4.3. Conclusion : From this study we concluded that : • Used of oral chloral hydrate in dose (20mg/kg) alone not sufficient as sedative in paediatrics for ABR test.• Used of oral chloral hydrate dose (20mg/kg) in combination with rectal diazepam (0.5 mg/kg) better than used it alone as sedative in paediatrics for ABR test.• Used of oral chloral hydrate dose (40mg/kg) in combination with rectal diazepam (0.5 mg/kg) was the best sedative in paediatrics for ABR test. • Used of Chloral hydrate diazepam combination in ABR test of paediatrics increased the number of the sedated children, decreased the requirement of chloral hydrate re - dose, and increased the number of completed ABR test, with less complication

عزل وتحديد هوية فيروس الحصبة في علاقته ببعض الجوانب المناعية من الاشخاص النازحين الملقحين في محافظة بابل == Isolation And Identification Of Measles Virus In Relation To Some Immunological Aspects From The Vaccinated Displaced Individuals In Babylon Governorate

اسم المؤلف: ليث احمد عمران كيف الكيف
اسم المشرف: محمد عبد كاظم حسن السعدي | يونس عبد الرضا كحيوش الخفاجي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة لتقييم مناعة المجتمع لكلا النازحين والمقيمين الملقحين بلقاح فيروس الحصبة ضد خمج الحصبة في محافظة بابل. لذا تضمنت هذه الدراسة معايرة الحالة المناعية في امصال النازحين والمقيمين محافظة بابل مع عزل وتشخيص فيروس الحصبة من الحالات المشتبه بها. ت | The study was conducted to evaluate the herd immunity for both the displaced and residents vaccinated with measles virus vaccine against measles infection in Babylon governorate. Therefore this study includes the evaluation of the immune status in sera of Babylon governorate displaced and residents with specific aspect for isolation and identification of measles virus from suspected cases. The immune response was evaluated by means of ELISA test (enzyme linked immunosorbet assay) for titration of IgM and IgG immunoglobulin level, in addition to evaluation of perforin level in the sera of 90 measles vaccinated individuals included in this study (50 displaced and 40 residents) from different areas in Babylon governorate, that were collected during the period extent from January up to April of 2016. Data about individuals were fixed according to information of formula including age, sex, geographical location, place displace of displaced and the vaccination date. Successful virus isolation from suspected cases on two types of cells culture included Vero cells line and chicken embryo fibroblast was carried. The titer of the isolated virus on Vero cell line reached (105.8 TCID50 / 0.1ml),which was higher than the titer of the virus isolated on CEF which reach (105.4 TCID50 / 0.1ml) after the third passage of the virus. The isolated virus was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence technique.The age of subjects included in this study ranged from <1 year up to 24 years old. The results revealed that 15 (30%) have positive IgM index in sera of displaced, whereas residents sera sample shown only 6 (15%) positivity. Howover, all 90 (100%) subjects of both groups showed positive IgG index. The results of the present study showed that there were no significant difference of perforin level in sera of refugees and residents at p<0.05.Assaying of immune response against measles virus by measuring IgM immunoglobulin in sera of vaccinated displaced and resident with measles vaccine reflected a highly significant difference between two groups which reached 0.43 mIU/ml in sera of displaced in comparison with residents sera which reached 0.34 mIU/ml. The result showed also high significant differences in IgM between females and males. The females sera IgM levels of displaced and residents were higher than its level in males sera which reached 0.47 mIU/ml and 0.35 mIU/ml, respectively, in comparison with male sera level which reached 0.40 mIU/ml and 0.32 mIU/ml, respectively. According to age group, the highest IgM value was recorded in displaced and residents sera in age group 10 - 14years (0.50 mIU/ml) and 5 - 9years (0.36 mIU/ml) respec - tively. Whereas the lowest IgM serum value was detected in age group <1 year (0.34 mIU/ml) and 15 - 19years (0.31 mIU/ml) for displaced and residents subjects. According to geographical location, the highest IgM level was detected in sera of displaced from Tal Afar city (0.44 mIU/ml) followed by displaced from Ramadi (0.41 mIU/ml) and the lowest IgM value was detected in sera of displaced from Mosul city (0.33 mIU/ml). Whereas the highest IgM value in sera of residents in the subjects of Al - Mahaweel city (0.37 mIU/ml) followed by subjects of Hilla and Al - Qasem city (0.29 mIU/ml and 0.28 mIU/ml) respectively. For IgG serum immunoglobulin the results revealed that there was no difference in significant levels in both group population. But according to age groups significant difference between displaced and residents was detected at p <0.05 in which the 1 - 4 years old showed the highest IgG serum level in both group (1.98 mIU/ml and 2.18 mIU/ml) respectively. While the lowest IgG sera value was recorded in displaced age group of < 1 year old (0.60 mIU/ml) compared with residents age group of 20 - 24 years old (1.65 mIU/ml).It could be concluded that the results showed that the displaced do not have any effect on the residents of the province of Babylon for measles as a result of the good immunization by Babil Health directorate following to the Ministry of Health.

تاثير استخدام عقار الميتفورمين منفردا او استعماله مجتمعا مع عقار كلكلزايد على مستوى الاومنتين - 1 - في مرضى داء السكري من النوع الثاني == Effects Of Metformin Alone Or In Combination With Gliclazide On Serum Omentin - 1 Levels In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

اسم المؤلف: سمر محمد غني سليمان
اسم المشرف: علي اسماعيل عبد الله محمد | حيدر فاضل الربيعي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الادوية والسموم
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة الحالية لبحث التاثير العلاجي لاستخدام عقار الميتفورمين منفردا او استعماله مجتمعا مع عقار كلكلزايد على مستوى الاومنتين - 1 - باالاضافة الى المؤشرات الحيوية الاخرى في مرضى داء السكري من النوع الثاني من اجل تقييم ما اذا كان الجمع بين العقارين ( | Background : Omentin is a newly identified adipokine, which is highly expressed in visceral adipose tissue, in which omentin - 1 is the main isoform in human circulation, associated with cardio - metabolic disturbances. So considering the impact of anti - diabetic drug on omentin - 1 levels may provide adjuvant strategy to protect diabetic patients against clinical hazards.Aim of the study : The present study aimed to investigate the influence of treatment with metformin alone or in combination with gliclazide on the level of serum omentin - 1, in addition to the other biomarkers adopted in the study in order to evaluate whether the combined therapy (metformin plus gliclazide) ameliorate or adversely effects on some cardiac protector markers of metformin among recently diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods : A total number of 100 recently diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in the present study from December 2014 until June 2015. Sixty eight patients completed the 12 weeks course of treatment; divided into two equal groups based on treatment regimen in which group1 treated with metformin and group2 treated with metformin plus gliclazide. Thirty two patients did not complete the course of the treatment for unknown reasons and considered as default. In addition to 31 healthy volunteers were randomly chosen and considered as Control Group. In which all the participants in the study underwent detection of blood pressure, pulse rate, weight, height & BMI in addition to the estimation of the levels of others biochemical analysis as glycemic indices, lipid profile & serum omentin - 1at the beginning of the study & after 12 weeks of treatment regimen.Results : The results of this study shown the beneficial amelioration of metformin on some markers that affect CVS represented as significant reduction in BMI (p<0.05), modest improvement in lipid profile with modest elevation in HDL level & lowering blood pressure, significant reduction in the levels of blood glucose & HbA1C (p<0.05), improves insulin sensitivity, reduced insulin resistance, and elevation of serum omentin - 1 level among newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients (group1). Furthermore, the results of current study are revealed that adding of gliclazide to metformin in treatment of type 2 diabetic patients might influence the documented beneficial effects of metformin on cardiovascular system at least by adversely changing the levels of serum omentin - 1 among group 2. Conclusions : Adding of gliclazide to metformin in treatment of patients with type 2 DM might extend the therapeutic action of metformin in regarding much better controlling of glycemic indices, insulin sensitivity and lipid profile. But, at the same time, it might attenuate some of beneficial effects of metformin on cardiovascular system at least by adversely influence on body weight and serum omentin - 1 levels.

تاثير استخدام عقار النكلوزمايد بالمقارنة مع عقار المتفورمين على وزن الجسم ومؤشرات السكر في السمنة المحدثة عند الفئران == Effects Of Use Of Niclosamide Drug In Comparison With Metformin Drug On Body Weight And Glycemic Indices In High Fat Diet Induced Obese Mice

اسم المؤلف: خالد دهان صليبي
اسم المشرف: علي اسماعيل عبد الله محمد | خالد جمعة خليل
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الادوية والسموم
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: في ستينيات القرن الماضي كان هناك نوع من العلاجات تستخدم للسيطرة على وزن الجسم او لتخفيفه , تلك المواد تعمل على تثبيط عضيات المايتوكوندريا من انتاج الطاقة وتحويل مجرى تفاعلات الاكسدة نحو انتاج الحرارة بدلا عن الطاقة وبذلك تحفز من زيادة اكسدة الشحوم ومادة ا | Background : Obesity is a state of excessive accumulation of fat tissue in the body , increasing energy expenditure is good way to manage obesity and the related complications. Mitochondrial uncouplers increase energy expenditure , they used before for weight controlling programs because these compounds uncouple mitochondria from generating ATP , moreover stimulate lipid and glucose oxidation preventing lipid accumulation in excess caloric intake conditions specially. Niclosamide an old drug introduced in 1960s as anthelmintic and had FDA approval for the treatment of most of tapeworm infections. It is well known mitochondrial uncoupler.Aim of the study : The present study aimed to investigate the influence of trial of the use of niclosamide in comparison to effect of metformin and their combination on body weight , glycemic indices and lipid profile in high fat diet induced obese mice.Materials and methods : The animals firstly divided to two groups one fed with normal regular mouse chow (30 mice) and the 2nd fed with high fat diet (60%kcal) for 2.5 months(100 mice) 10 mice from each group sacrificed at beginning of study represent baseline values and another 10 mice from each group sacrificed after 2.5 months to assess effect of high fat diet on study parameters. The group that fed with high fat diet further subdivided to 4 groups after 2.5 month of high fat diet feeding each 20 mice , 10 mice from each group sacrificed before treatment represent pretreatment values. Before treatment there are 5 groups assigned as group 1 fed normal regular mouse chow till the end of study , group 2 fed high fat diet without treatment till the end of study , group 3 fed with high fat diet till the end of study and treated with niclosamide for one month (150mg/kg) after obesity induction by high fat diet , group 4 fed with high fat diet till the end and treated by metformin (300mg/kg) for one month and finally group 5 fed with high fat diet till the end of study and treated by combination of niclosamide and metformin (150mg/kg , 300mg/kg respectively). blood samples taken from tail vein to evaluate the study parameters at baseline and after obesity induction by high fat diet (after 2.5 months) and after treatment ,then animals were sacrificed and livers were taken for histopathological observations.Results : The results of this study shown that the animals fed with high fat diet show metabolic disturbances manifested by significant increase (P < 0.05) in body weight , fasting insulin & fasting plasma glucose. Lipid profile show significant changes (P < 0.05)(cholesterol , triglycerides ,low density lipoproteins increased while high density lipoproteins decreased ) as compared to control group. High fat diet group also show impaired glucose tolerance , impaired insulin sensitivity and obvious liver structural changes manifested by sever steatosis.Treatment with niclosamide show improvement in all metabolic disturbances induced by obesity ; body Weight , fasting insulin and fasting plasma glucose reduced significantly (P < 0.05). Lipid profile parameters improved ; cholesterol , triglycerides , low density lipoproteins reduced significantly (P < 0.05) by one month treatment with niclosamide and high density lipoproteins increased significantly (P < 0.05) as compared to their baseline values before treatment, Glucose and insulin tolerance improved. It is nice to mention the influence of niclosamide in this study was comparable to metformin in all evaluated parameters.Combination of both drugs show favorable improvement in metabolic disturbances induced by obesity rather than each drug when used alone specially on liver histopathological changes.Combination of both drugs show significant reduction (P < 0.05) in body weight ,fasting plasma glucose and fasting plasma insulin. Lipid profile parameters improved significantly (P < 0.05) , glucose and insulin tolerance improved.Liver histopathological changes ameliorated to higher extent and become the closet to normal liver tissue morphology.Conclusions : The result suggest niclosamide have good antidiabetic action and can ameliorate the metabolic changes induced by obesity significantly. Its action is comparable to that of well known antidiabetic drug metformin. Niclosamide has favorable effect on body weight and can reduce body weight. Its combination with metformin show better improvement in metabolic disturbances induced by obesity and it has very good hepatoprotective effect against liver histopathological changes induced by high fat diet.

تاثيرات السيتاكولين ,الجنسنك واستخدامهما معا على الذاكرة العملية والاداء الحركي النفسي == Effects Of Citicoline, Ginseng, And Their Combination On Psychomotor Performance And Working Memory

اسم المؤلف: تيسير لطيف علي
اسم المشرف: حيدر القريشي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الادوية والسموم
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اساس الدراسة : اجريت الدراسة الحالية لتقييم التاثير العلاجي لعقار السيتاكولين والجنسنك واستخدامهما معا على الذاكرة القصيرة المدى والاداء الحسي الحركي, وذلك من خلال دراسة الاثار المركزية والطرفية للعقارين على مقاييس الاداء الحسي الحركي , الذاكرة العمليه , | Citicoline is one of components that present in the human brain, which act to protect the neurons and enhance memory and other cognitive functions due to its choline in their structure which play an important role in the biological membrane biosynthesis. On other hand Ginseng is an herbal plant is known for its therapeutic medical importance, it's used for different purposes in medical fields, that is effective against many diseases, act as a tonic and provide energy with significant reduction in mental and physical fatigue.Aims of the study To evaluate the central effects of Panax Ginseng and/or citicoline on normal healthy volunteers.Material and Method The subjects are randomly divided into four groups for assessment of central effects of Panax Ginseng and /or citicoline compared with placebo. The evaluation of the central effects was done by using the Leeds psychomotor battery tester for evaluating the psychomotor performance, workshop test was used to evaluate working memory function.The enrolled volunteers were randomly divided into the following groups : First group regarded as control group that treated with 500 mg/day of starch capsule as a single dose, second group, received Panax Ginseng capsule 500 mg /day, a third group received citicoline capsule 500 mg/day and the fourth group received Panax Ginseng capsule 500 mg/day plus citicoline capsule 500 mg/day as a single dose. All participants are followed for two consecutive weeks from starting treatments.ResultsIn the present study the placebo didn't have any central effect and MDA serum levels were not significantly change. Panax Ginseng has statistically significant effect on the most parameters of the psychomotor performance, working memory performance, as well as reduction of MDA serum levels. On the other hand, citicoline has statistically a significant effects on most parameters of the psychomotor and working memory function with statistically significant reduction of MDA serum levels.The combination of Panax Ginseng and citicoline have a highly statistically significant effect on all psychomotor performance, working memory performance and statistically significant reduction in the oxidative stress marker (MDA). ConclusionResults of the present study showed that combined effects of citicoline plus Panax Ginseng on central function produced more statistically significant effects on psychomotor performances, CFFF and working memory function than either Panax Ginseng or citicoline when they used alone, in addition to the combined effects of citicoline plus Panax Ginseng have a more significant effect on the oxidative stress,during mental stress.

تقييم وحدات الرعاية المركزة لحديثي الولادة في ردهات الولادة لمستشفيات بغداد == Evaluation Of Neonatal Intensive Care Units At Maternity Wards In Baghdad Hospitals

اسم المؤلف: بشرى احمد عبد اللطيف
اسم المشرف: جمال محمود الخضيري
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: طب المجتمع
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تتباين انظمة الرعاية لحديثي الولادة المطبقة ولكنها كلها تعتمد على وحدات الخدج الموجودة في مختلف بلدان العالم النامية والمتقدمة.انجزت هذه الدراسة المقطعية التقويمية في وحدات حديثي الولادة لردهات الولادة في مستشفيات بغداد (الكرخ والرصافة) مستثنين وحدات ال | Neonatal health care is provided via a variety of neonatal care units that are available globally both in different developing and developed countries.A cross - sectional evaluation study was conducted in all accessible fifteen neonatal intensive care units in Baghdad (Kharkh and Rosafa) maternity wards, excluding paediatric hospitals, during the period from November 2013 till the end of March 2014.The study aims : 1. Health care evaluation in neonatal intensive care units of maternity wards in Baghdad hospitals in terms of input (human and non - human resources) and outcome.2. Identifying causes of admissions and causes of deaths occurring in neonatal intensive care units The study consisted of two parts : A structure evaluation is using a check list to assess availability of human and non - human resources, covering infrastructure, manpower, equipment, and supplies; and an outcome evaluation study using hospital registration records review for causes of admission and causes of death in neonatal intensive care units during the year 2013.It was found that the mean number of specialist doctors in neonatal intensive care units was 2.1 and with standard deviation ±1.3, and college nurse was 2.2, with standard deviation of ±4.004, pharmacist was 0.4 with standard deviation of± 0.516 and for supplementary staff 1.5 with standard deviation of± 0.516.More than half 54% of nurses had no training in neonatal care.Concerning the availability of general equipment it was adequate except for computers 40%.Air conditioning, lighting and windows in addition to safe water supply was good 100% but ventilation was poor 67%, hand washing area was not always present 60% and free elbow operated water tubes were available in 6.7%. Availability of neonatal intensive care units special area was adequate for storage area 85.7% gowning area78.6%, while all the remaining areas were poorly available (resting room, examining room, mother room, boiling and autoclave room, area for mixing intravenous fluid and medication).Neonatal intensive care units were narrow and area/incubator ranging from 2.28m2 to 4.36m2/ incubator. Number of incubators was 246 with patient/ incubator ratio 53.6 : 1 and 27% of Neonatal intensive care units had no regular maintenance for incubators. Large Neonatal intensive care units >25 incubators were overcrowded, having below standards area/incubator, incubators covers only two third of neonatal care. Still up to one third of Neonatal intensive care units are getting their oxygen supply by cylinders, not pipes. Most equipment for individual use were poorly available. Most of Neonatal intensive care units emergency (cupboard) drugs and supplies were sufficiently available round the clock. Total admissions to Neonatal intensive care units were 13195 neonates. Male neonate's admissions 60% were higher than females 40%. Main causes of admission were Respiratory distress syndrome 43%, prematurity and low birth weight 19.4%, and Transient tachypnea 17.4%; birth asphyxia 4%, and hypoglycemia 3.8%, Congenital anomalies 3.7%, Neonatal jaundice 3%, while meconium aspiration and septicemia were the lowest1%. From all these admissions 74% were discharged well, (6%) were referred, while those discharged against medical advice were (4%) and the rest (16%) died. The main causes of death in Neonatal intensive care units were Respiratory distress syndrome 34%, prematurity and low birth weight 31% congenital anomalies 12%, birth asphyxia 8%, septicemia 4%, meconium aspiration 1% and 10% due to other unclassified causes. From this evaluation study, it can be concluded that there were Neonatal intensive care units with under staffing, undertraining and poor designing. Respiratory distress syndrome and prematurity were the main neonatal health problems.

تاثير عقار الميتفورمين, الكاناكلفلوزين او اجتماعهما معا على بعض المؤشرات الكيميائيه في الفئران ذوات السمنه المحدثه == Effect Of Metformin, Canagliflozin & Their Combination On Certain Biochemical Parameters In Diet Induced Obese Mice

اسم المؤلف: اسماء عبد الوهاب احمد
اسم المشرف: علي اسماعيل عبد الله محمد | خالد جمعه خليل
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الادوية والسموم
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعرف السمنه ب ترسب الدهون وخاصه في منطقه البطن الذي يرتبط ارتباطا وثيقا بالنظام الغذئي الناجم عن مرض خطير مثل السكري , اضطراب الدهون في الدم وارتفاع ضغط الدم التي توثر على صحه الانسان. ميتفورمين له تاثير ايجابي على التغيرات الايضيه الناتجه عن السمنه. علا | Background : Obesity is defined as the deposition of fat, especially in abdominal regions, which is closely related to serious diet - induced diseases such as type2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension that affect human health. metformin has favorable influence on metabolic changes induced by obesity. Furthermore; treatment with metformin has good hepatoprotective effects against fatty changes induced by high fat diet. Moreover, it's interesting to mention that canagliflozin has comparable therapeutic effects to metformin on obesity induced metabolic disturbance but, unfortunately, it has not significant therapeutic impact on obesity induced hepatic steatosis. Interestingly, it has been found in the present study that use of metformin and canagliflozin in combination has superior promising impact on obesity induced metabolic and pathological changes.Aim of the study : The present study investigated the influence of metformin, canagliflozin, & their combination on body weight, food intake, glycemic indices, insulin sensitivity, and lipid profiles in diet - induced obese mice Materials and methods : The animals were divided into two groups.The first group feed with normal chow served as normal group {n=10}. The second group feed with high fat diet serve as high fat diet group {n=40} for two and half months and after the induction of obesity, then further subdivides into four groups. Group I : still feed with normal chow serve as control group{n=10}. Group II : received no drug(s) but only feeding with high fat diet, which serves as high fat diet group{n=10}. Group III : received a single dose of canagliflozin {10 mg/kg/po}, daily for 4 weeks by gavage method serves as canagliflozin group{n=10}. Group IV : received single dose of metformin {300 mg/ kg, po}, daily for 4 weeks by gavage method serves as metformin group{n=10}. Group V : received single dose of both canagliflozin {10mg/ kg, po} and metformin{300mg/kg, po}, daily for 4 weeks by gavage method serves as combination group{n=10}.At the end of the study, blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis, then animals were sacrificed and livers were taken for histopathological examination. Results : Mice feeding with high fat calorie content 60% for two and half months showed a significant increase in body weight, food intake, glycemic indices, homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA - IR), fasting plasma insulin and lipid profiles with important histopathological alterations. While, treatment with metformin - canagliflozin combination elicited a significant decrease in the all study and biochemical parameters with significant histopathological changes characterized by complete improvement on hepatic tissues. In comparison to metformin treatment also showed significant decrease in all study & biochemical parameters with good protective effect against obesity - induced hepatic steotosis. Whereas, canagliflozin also showed a significant decrease in all study and biochemical parameters with no significant improvement on hepatic tissue but the main thing that observed with canagliflozin is a superior effect on body weight with respect to metformin.Conclusion : treatment with metformin - canagliflozin combination provides a significant hepatoprotective effects against fatty changes induced by high fat diet. Moreover, this combination has favorable influence on metabolic changes induced by obesity. Whereas, each drugs alone show good improvement on many parameters including body weight, glycemic indices, insulin sensitivity, and lipid profiles with better improvement of hepatic tissue associated with metformin in contrast to canagliflozin that shows no significant improvement in hepatic tissue but, the excellent reduction in body weight seen in canagliflozin with respect to metformin.

استهلاك الجسم للاوكسجين اثناء عملية التروية القلبية - الرئوية باستخدام ماكنة القلب والرئة الصناعية عند درجات الحرارة الاعتيادية والمنخفضة == Correction Of QT, QTp, And Tpte Intervals To Heart Rate

اسم المؤلف: همام عبد الرحمن ابراهيم العبيدي
اسم المشرف: نبا عبد اللطيف رشيد ناجي | احمد عبودي نعمة المحمودي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الفيزياء الطبية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study was conducted in pursuit of gaining a better understanding of the importance of hypothermia for cardiac surgery, and for CABG in particular. Most of the cardiac surgeons worldwide are accustomed to the use of mild hypothermia (32 - 35)°C for CABG procedures. Studies showed however that the risks of exposing the patient to mild hypothermia are similar to the risks endured during moderate hypothermia (28 - 32)°C. Objectives This study sought to weigh the benefits of mild hypothermia and moderate hypothermia against that of normothermia (35 - 37)°C concerning their impact on tissue oxygen consumption. Design This study is Prospective, randomized, comparative and purely observational and does not involve any intervention to the patient beyond the standard normal management. Setting At the department of physiology, college of medicine, Al - Mustansiriyah university in cooperation with the Iraqi Center for Heart Diseases and Ibn Al - Bitar Specialized Cardiac Surgery Center, in Baghdad, between December 2014 and April 2015. Patients, materials and methods Seventy patients, (55) males and (15) females, undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) were included in this study. Patients were allocated into three groups according to the surgeon's preferences; viz (normothermia, mild hypothermia and moderate hypothermia). Systemic complications associated with hypothermia were investigated via chemical analysis of the blood samples for renal and liver functions. Blood samples were collected two times during CPB from the arterial and venous ports of the oxygenator and were immediately analyzed to determine oxygen consumption and oxygen delivery. Results The decrease in the temperature for the hypothermic groups showed similar values of oxygen delivery (DO2) to that of normothermia (3537)°C at the same period during CPB. There were no noticeable changes between normothermia and mild hypothermia (32 - 35)°C. However, for moderate hypothermia (28 - 32)°C, there was a remarkable decrease in the oxygen consumption (VO2). The biochemical analysis for renal and liver functions in the normothermia and moderate hypothermia groups showed no significant differences between preoperative and postoperative results. However, in the group with mild hypothermia there was a significant change in results. Conclusion Moderate hypothermia rather than mild hypothermia proves to be of more benefit to the tissues when compared to normothermic conditions, as it significantly reduces tissue oxygen consumption. Moreover, even normothermia was found to be superior to mild hypothermia due to the latter's adverse effects on renal and liver functions while it maintains similar results with regards to oxygen consumption.

التعدد الشكلي للمستقبل الثاني لعامل الورم التنخري والجين المحفز للـ CD4 والانترلوكين 37 في تقييم التهاب المفاصل الرثوي == Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor II, Cd4 Enhancer Gene Polymorphisms And IL - 37 In Assessment Of Rheumatoid Arthritis

اسم المؤلف: وسناء جمعة محمد
اسم المشرف: محمد شمخي جبر | باسم شهاب احمد
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: التهاب المفاصل الرثوي (Rheumatoid Arthritis) مرض جهازي التهابي مزمن يصيب المفاصل وتحديدا الاغشية الزلالية والتراكيب المفصلية، والذي يحدث للعديد من الناس وبنسبة تقارب 0.5 الى 1% من السكان في العالم. لوحظ خلال الدراسات الوبائية لمرض التهاب المفاصل الرثوي | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) one of the most common systemic autoimmune diseases characterized by chronic joint inflammation and subsequent joint destruction. To date, it well known that RA is characteristic of the expansion of the synovium and infiltration of the inflammatory cells coupled with destruction of adjacent articular cartilage and bone. This is strongly dependent on CD4 T cell. CD4 Cells stimulate monocytes, macrophages, synovial fibroblasts, and other cells to produce cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor - ? (TNF - ?, interleukin - 1 (IL - 1), IL - 6, IL - 15, IL - 17 and metalloproteinases that produce tissue damage. TNF is a major inflammatory cytokine contributing to the pathogenesis of RA, which provides rational for development of anti - TNF biological agents in the treatment of RA.Recently have shown that IL - 37 is a key cytokine in regulating inflammatory response, mainly by inhibiting the expression, production, and function of proinflammatory cytokines. Objectives This study planned to evaluate the association of TNFRII and CD4 enhancer genes polymorphisms in development and severity of RA in Iraqi patients, evaluate IL - 37 in patients with RA and investigate the correlation between IL - 37 levels with disease activity and relation of inflammatory parameters (ESR, CRP, ACPA, and RF) with TNFRII, CD4 enhancer genes polymorphisms.Patients and methods This study was performed during the period from May to September 2015. The patients were attending the out patients' Clinic in Medical City/Baghdad Teaching hospital/rheumatology unit and the laboratory ELISA tests were done in nursing home hospital laboratory, polymerase chain reaction (RFLP) analysis was performed in the specialist private molecular laboratory (ASCO Lab) in Al - Harthia / Baghdad. Fifty patients and 50 apparently healthy control individuals, Patients received disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and newly diagnosed patients.The diagnosis of RA patients has performed under the supervision of rheumatic disease consultant physician at the consultation clinic of Baghdad teaching hospital of the medical city. Blood samples had taken from RA patients to measure (ESR), white blood cells count and hemoglobin. Also, analyze the serum levels of ACPA, RF screen CRP and estimate the levels of IL - 37 in patients and healthy individuals using ELISA test kits. TNFRII and CD4 enhancer genes polymorphisms genotyping had achieved by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length (PCR - RFLP).Results The results showed the estimation of RF by screening test revealed that its mean level was high among RA patients (168.87+31.62) in comparison with apparently healthy control (4.96+0.71) with highly significant difference (p<0.01). There was a higher positivity of Anti CCP in the patients sera (114.85+21.06) in comparison with apparently healthy control (1.71+0.13) (P<0.01). while the estimation of CRP showed that its level was higher among sera of RA patients (38.39+4.31) in comparison with healthy control group (16.49+2.51) (P<0.01). Furthermore, the ESR level in RA patients were higher than apparently healthy individuals (52.96+3.68) and (10.44+0.74) respectively with significance (P<0.01).The frequencies of the MM, MR, RR genotypes of TNFRII gene polymorphisms were 60%, 32%, 8% in RA patients and 52%, 42%, 6% in controls. There were no significant differences in the genotypes frequencies polymorphisms of the TNFRII 196 MR polymorphism between apparently healthy control and RA. The frequencies of AA, AG, GG genotypes of CD4 10845 A/G in patients was 36%, 42%, 22% and 8%, 44%, 48% in control group. There were significant differences in the genotypes frequencies polymorphisms of the CD4 10845A/G polymorphisms between apparently healthy control and RA patients (p<0.01). AA genotype were significantly more likely to develop RA (OR=1.355). There was significant increase in disease activity and severity in patients carries AA genotype (p<0.01).IL - 37 levels were elevated markedly in RA patients (101.31+10.41) compared with apparently healthy control (43.90+0.91) (p<0.01). More importantly, IL - 37 showed a significant correlation with disease activity (CRP) in RA patients (p<0.05). Also, IL - 37 show non - significant relationship with (MM, MR, RR) exon6 TNFRII in RA patients compared with controls, and non - significant difference between level of IL - 37 with CD4 10845 A/G genotypes compared with healthy control.Conclusion All findings suggested that TNFRII - 196R genotypes not associated with RA diagnosis. In addition, genetic polymorphisms at the CD4 enhancer gene are one of important factors that associated with susceptibility and severity of RA and can serve as a genetic marker for the risk of development of RA.

دورا محتملا لفيروس ابشتاين بار في عملية تسرطن الغدة الدرقية الحليمية == A Possible Role Of Epstein - Barrvirus In Carcinogenesis Of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

اسم المؤلف: هند علي خميس
اسم المشرف: عامر رشيد النجار | سعد حسن محمد علي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study was designed as a retrospective research. A total number of (90) formalin - fixed, paraffin embedded tissues were studied. Malignant and normal thyroid tumors tissue blocks were collected from the archives of histopathology laboratories of different general hospital including ALYarmouk Teaching Hospital (Baghdad), Baghdad Medical City Teaching Hospital as well as many private laboratories in Baghdad, during the period from May 2013 to May 2014. These cases include ? Thirty tissue specimens from patients with papillary thyroid cancer. ? Thirty tissue specimens with benign thyroid lesions as control thyroid tissues group. ? Thirty (30) thyroid specimens were obtained from the normal thyroid tissues from the same those totally - thyroidectimized patients for thyroid papillary cancer (PTC) and have served as the second control group for this study. This study was therefore a paired case - control design. The sections were stained by hemotaxyline and eosin staining so as to confirm the diagnosis and assure that the intervening sections ( that were specified for the in situ hybridization and Immunohistochemistry study have containing the questioned tissues from papillary thyroid cancers and benign thyroid tissues (control group).After histopathological sectioning of these thyroid gland tumors and staining by Hematoxylin and Eosin, a final definitive diagnosis was done by histopathologist consultant. The practical part of this study was designed in four pathways : 1. Molecular detection of Epstein - Barr virus in those tissue blocks were performed by using ultra - sensitive version of in situ hybridization (ISH) for detection of EBV - EBERs. 2. To perform immunohistochemical study to demonstrate EBV - latent gene (LMP1, EBNA - 2) in the papillary thyroid cancer compared to control group. 3. To perform immunohistochemical screening study to demonstrate the over expression state of p53 - tumor suppressor gene in those tissues with papillary thyroid cancer compared to control group. 4. To perform immunohistochemical screening study to detected the CD8 and CD56 in tissues with papillary thyroid cancers compared to control group. The obtained results are summarized as follows : 1. The mean age of patients with papillary thyroid cancer and simple nodular goiter was (39.87&41.13) years respectively, with standard deviation ±(11.773,9.243) years. 2. In this study, the percentage of the females with papillary thyroid cancer was higher (86.7%; 26 cases) than the percentage of their PTC - male counter parts (13.3%; 4 cases). The patients whom sub totally thyroidectimized for simple noduler goiters , the percentage of females was also higher (73.3%; 22 cases) than the percentage of their male counter parts with simple noduler goiters ( 26.7%; 8cases). Female / male ratios of the patients with PTC and simple noduler goiters were 6.5 and 2.75 respectively. 3. The percentage of EBV results in the total group of PTC was (50%) while the percentage in the total group of normal thyroid tissue was (26.7%) and lastly in the total simple nodular goiter group was (10.0%). 4. The positivity rate of EBV EBERs - ISH technique in the total group of PTC was (30%), where as its percentage in NTT tissues was (16.7%) and in SNG tissues was (3.3%). 5. The percentage of positive - EBNA - 2 IHC technique in the total group of PTC was (20%), where as its percentage in NTT tissues was (10.0%) and in SNG tissues was (6.7%). 6. The percentage of positive - EBV - LMP - 1 - IHC technique in the total group of PTC was (43.3%), where as its percentage in NTT tissues was (20.0%) and in SNG tissues was (6.7%). 7. Mutated P53 - protein was detected in 28 cases (70%) of the studied cases. Twelve cases (30.0 %) showed negative IHC reactions. 8. The highest total percentage of CD8 - IHC reactions (21 cases; 70%) was found in those with papillary thyroid cancer followed by normal thyroid tissues cases ( 5 cases; 16.7%) and then ( 2 cases : 6.7%) in simple nodular goiter. 9. It was found that the highest percentage of CD56 - IHC reactions was in those with normal thyroid tissues (25 cases; 83.3%) followed by an equal percentages of CD56 - IHC reactions in either thyroid papillary or simple nodular goiter (2 positive cases; 6.7%, each). 10. The importance of CD56 marker has been found to play a role or it may be better to be used as a negative - diagnostic biomarker for papillary thyroid cancer in differentiating it from other malignancies as well as benign lesions of the thyroid gland, individually as well as in combination with other markers for clinical evaluation of those patients. 11. The evident high mutated p53 - over expression, as reflected by abnormal gene product, among papillary thyroid cancer patients indicates for a pivotal role of such genetic mutation in their carcinogenesis as well as could be useful in the clinical evaluation of patients with papillary thyroid cancer, too. 12. The high coexistence of p53 - mutation with EBV in PTC could point for participation of EBV - transformation genes in the p53 activation in high proportion of PTC. 13.The high percentage of CD8 lymphocytes in EBV - positive PTC as compared to their EBV - negative counterparts could reflect the participation of specific cellular immunity against both, the papillary thyroid cancers and this EBV infection during the initiation and progression of EBV - associated papillary thyroid cancers.

دور الايبشتاين بار فايرس كعامل محتمل لتقدم سرطان الدم اللمفاوي المزمن == Molecular Characterization Of Metallo ? - Lactamase (MBL) Genes

اسم المؤلف: لمى عامر ياسر
اسم المشرف: عامر رشيد النجار | داود سلمان داود
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is ubiquitous virus which infects the majority of the human population and is the causative agent of infectious monocleosis and a variety of B - cell tumors including Hodgkin lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, human immunodeficiency virus - associated lymphomas and post - transplant lymphoproliferative disorders , this virus expressed many protein and it is associated with a variety of B - cell tumors. Recently many studies have suggested a causal relationship between EBV and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). A prospective study of thirty samples of formalin - fixed, paraffin - embedded tissue of bone marrow aspirates samples and blood from newly diagnosis BCLL of 30 patients and our control included : 1) 20 bone marrow of patients who they have hematological disease other than leukemia as control. 2) Blood serum from healthy controls to study the level of IL - 10 and IL - 8. The present study conducted at Baghdad Teaching hospitals and the National Center of Hematology from September 2013 to Jun 2014. In this study we investigated the association between EBV and CLL. The detection of EBV encoded RNAs (EBER1,EBER2) by in situ hybridization and also latent membrane protein - 1 (LMP - 1) and EBV nuclear antigen - 2(EBNA2) by immunohistochemistry and detection for the level of Interleukin n (8 and 10) in the serum of CLL patients by ELISA. In situ hybridization study revealed that all the controls were negative for EBERs and 46.7% patients were found to be EBERs positive. There was a correlation between positive EBERs and tumors stage and also EBERs and IL10 and with LMP - 1 and EBNA - 2. Immuno - histochemical method was used to demonstrate the rate of (LMP - 1 and EBNA - 2) in CLL patients where a positive results of EBNA2 and LMP1were found in (43.3 % and 56.6s %), respectively in CLL patient group. All controls were negative with an exception of two patients were LMP1 positive. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay test (ELISA) was used to detect the level of IL - 8 and IL - 10 in serum of newly diagnosed of CLL patients. Interleukin 8 was significantly higher in CLL cases group (33.1 pg/ml) compared to control group.On the other hand It was found that high increase in IL - 10 level ,in CLL patients when compared with controls. Conclusion : It can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between EBV and Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mainly EBERs, also the association of significant increase in IL - 10 and IL - 8 with CLL.

دور الانترلوكين RA - 1 والسكليروستين والخلية التائية المستجيبة CD4 في مصل مرضى التهاب المفاصل الرثوي == Role Of Serum IL - 1RA, Sclerostin And Effector T - Cell (CD4) In Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

اسم المؤلف: سنن ثائر عبد الوهاب
اسم المشرف: حيدر صباح كاظم | علاء الدين مظفر زبير
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: التهاب المفاصل الرثوي هو احد امراض المناعة الذاتية الاكثر شيوعا والذي يتميز بالتهاب المفاصل المزمن والذي يؤدي فيما بعد الى تدمير المفاصل.لا يزال مرض التهاب المفاصل الرثوي يعرف على انه سمة من التوسع في الغشاء الزليلي وارتشاح الخلايا الالتهابية اضافة الى | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common systemic autoimmune diseases characterized by chronic joint inflammation and subsequent joint destruction. It is well known that RA is characterized by the expansion of the synovium and infiltration of the inflammatory cells coupled with destruction of adjacent articular cartilage and bone. This is strongly dependent on CD4 T cell. CD4 Cells stimulate monocytes, macrophages, synovial fibroblasts, and other cells to produce cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor - ? (TNF - ?), interleukin - 1 (IL - 1), IL - 6, IL - 15, IL - 17 and metalloproteinases that produce tissue damage. TNF is a major inflammatory cytokine contributing to the pathogenesis of RA, which provides rational for development of anti - TNF biological agents in the treatment of RA.Wnt pathway (a complex protein network) important in control of the bone formation through the regulation of osteoblast activity, and sclerostin is an important in the regulator of the Wnt pathway by blocking Wnt binding to its receptor and thereby inhibiting bone formation. Blockage of Wnt antagonists such as sclerostin will trigger repair or even healing of bone erosion.Recently have shown that IL - 1Ra has been given therapeutically in several experimental models of arthritis with weak effect in RA. This study planned to evaluate the frequencies of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in Iraqi patients treated with RA under treatment with biological therapy (Etanercept). The level of serum sclerostin, serum level of IL - 1RA, and investigate the correlation between serum sclerostin and Treg expression. Correlate the level of serum sclerostin and Treg expression with disease activity by (CDAI or DAS28).This study was performed during the period from January 2016 to May 2016.The patients were attending the out patients' Clinic in Medical City/Baghdad Teaching hospital/Rheumatology Unit and the laboratory Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay tests were done in Bio - technology center at the University of Al Nahrain, flow cytometery analysis was performed in the private laboratory (Al Rawabi Laboratory) at Yarmouk/Baghdad. Thirty patients and 30 apparently healthy control individuals were included in this study, Patients under treatment of etanercept.The diagnosis of RA patients has performed under the rheumatologist consultant at the consultation clinic of Baghdad Teaching Hospital of the medical city. Blood samples had taken from RA patients to measure Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, Complete Blood Picture, Rheumatoid Factor and High - Density Lipoprotein. Also, analyze the serum levels of Anti - Citrullinated Protein Antibodies and estimate the levels of sclerostin and IL - 1RAin patients and healthy individuals using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay test kits. CD4+CD25+ Treg cells had achieved by flow cytometery analysis.The results showed the reduction in Treg cells in patients (0.00264 ± 0.002) % under biological therapy than control group (0.026 ± 0.012) % with significant difference (p< 0.05). Also body mass index showed significant difference between patients (32.10 ± 5.81) kg/m2 and control group (28.84 ± 4.67) kg/m2 (p< 0.05). The results showed that sclerostin level higher in healthy (1.072 ± 0.59) ng/ml than patients (0.801 ± 0.28) ng/ml which showed significant difference (p<0.05). Furthermore IL - 1RA serum level was higher in healthy (0.979 ± 0.34) ng/L than patients (0.633 ± 0.35) ng/L with significant difference (p<0.05). Anti - Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide results showed non - significant difference between patients and healthy control. Treg cells is reduction in the patients with RA. Sclerostin and IL - 1RA levels are low in patients treated with etanercept.

تقدير مستويات السايتوكينات (الحركيات الخلوية) المولدة للالتهاب والمضادة للالتهاب لدى مرضى فصال العظام في الركبة قبل وبعد الحقن بالبلازما الغنية بالصفيحات الدموية == Estimation Of Pro - Inflammatory And Anti - Inflammatory Cytokines In Patients With Knee Osteoarthrosis Before And After Injection With Platelets - Rich Plasma (Prp)

اسم المؤلف: حسنين خضير عبد العباس
اسم المشرف: عبد العظيم ياسين عبود البراك | سامر محمد رضا عنون | زيد وجيه رؤوف الشهواني
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: التهاب العظام والمفاصل Osteoarthrosis)) او فصال العظام او ما يعرف بالاسم الشائع السوفان هو مرض يحدث في غضروف المفصل الذي يعمل على عدم احتكاك عظام المفصل ,مما يؤدي الى تقليل هذه الحماية ضد الاحتكاك فتصبح حركة المفصل بها خشونة ومصحوبة بالالام عند استخدام ا | Osteoarthrosis (OA) are defined as a progressive architecture destruction of the joints compared to slow healing of these joints which leads to reduce protection against degeneration and the movement of the joint is associated with by the roughness and accompanied by pain when using the joint. Often this disease affect the knee joint, it may affect any other joint in the body, especially those that carry weights such as leg hinges the pelvis, elbow and spine. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of platelets - rich plasma injection in osteoarthritis knee and the estimation of the biological and immunological markers associated with the treatment. This study involved 50 patients suffering from inflammation of the knee joint under supervision of speiclist of orthopedic ,most of these patients attended Al - Shaheed Firooz hospital in wasit Governorate and specialty private clinics of orthopedic and Rheumatology in the district during the period from April 2015 until October 2015.The age of patients was about 35 - 65 years; 31 females and 19 males with 25 healthy matching group. All patients were injected into the knee joint by a specialist physician with two injections during two months with platelets - rich plasma (PRP)after its preparation from the same patient's blood in sterile conditions. This was done after the signing of the patient or one of his relatives on the written consent to conduct the injection process after explaining and clarifying the principle of injection and the purpose. The level of pain of patients group was measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The enzyme linked immunnosorbant assay ELISA method to determine the level of some of cytokines in serum of patients group (interleukin - 1beta, tumor necrosis factor - alpha,IL - 10,IL - 8 and Transforming growth factor - B1) in addition to measuring the concentration of C - Reactive protein (CRP).The rate of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) was also estimated. All were done to all patients groups before and after injections with PRP in addition to healthy group. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between males and females (54.5±1.2 males, 53.2±2.1 females). The study showed significant decrease in the mean of the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of patients before and after two months of injections with (PRP) 8.46 ± 0.104, 5.98 ± 0.129, , respectively, with highly significant differences (P=000.0) , also the study showed that there was no significant differences in VAS between age groups (30?s, 40?s, 50?s , 60?s) before and after injections with PRP (7.5,8.0 ,8.38 ,9.05), (5.0,5.55,5.69,6.7) respectively. The study also showed a difference in the mean for inflammatory marker C. Reactive protein concentration before and after injections with PRP 7.156± 0.328 µg/ml, 5.384± 0.196 respectively, in comparison with healthy group with highly significant differences (P=0.000).The study also showed a difference in the mean of ESR before and after injections with PRP (35.66± 0.879 mm/1hr, 23.7±0.856) respectively, with in comparison with healthy group highly significant differences (P=0.000).The mean of Interleukin 1 - Beta(IL - 1?) was decline after injections with PRP from 13.220±0.295, pg/ml to 9.622 ± 0.273 pg/ml in comparison with healthy group with highly significant differences (P=0.000). Also a decline in the mean of Tumor necrosis factor - alpha (TNF - ?) after injections with PRP from 62.384±0.927 pg/ml to 55.36 ± 1.121 pg/ml in comparison with healthy group with highly significant differences (P=0.000). The study also demonstrates a decrease in the mean of Interleukin - 8 (IL - 8) before and after injections with PRP (41.092±0.808 pg/ml, 35.93 ± 0.813pg/ml) respectively in comparison with healthy group with highly significant differences (P=0.000). An increase in the mean of Interleukin - 10(IL - 10) after injections with PRP from 5.108±0.291 pg/ml to 6.734±0.330pg/ml, in comparison with healthy group with highly significant differences (P=0.000). The final parameter in this study was demonstrated an increase in the mean of Transforming growth factor - ?1 (TGF - ?1) before and after injections with PRP (111.544±6.960, 149.212±7.540pg/ml) respectively in comparison with healthy group with highly significant differences (P=0.000). Association was obtained between VAS score and C. RP as well as ESR after treatment. PRP treatment also has an impact on increasing the level of anti - inflammatory IL - 10 and TGF - ?1 on one side and the decreasing level of pro - inflammatory IL - 1?, TNF - ?,IL - 8 (catabolic marker) on the other side these results suggest the inhibition of catabolic process demonstrated by reducing of VAS scores and the efficacy of effectiveness plasma rich platelets (PRP) treatment of osteoarthrosis.

Immunological Status Of Seminal Plasma For Bodybuilders On Androgenic Anabolic Steroid Hormones == Immunological Status Of Seminal Plasma For Bodybuilders On Androgenic Anabolic Steroid Hormones

اسم المؤلف: Anwar M. Rasheed Abdulhussein
اسم المشرف: Dr.Abduladheem Y. Abbood AL.Barra
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الطب
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Exercises done by bodybuilder have great benefit for the general health and muscle size and performance. Anabolic androgenic steroid hormones are commonly used by bodybuilders to increase muscle mass and strength depending on its mode of action to increase the level of nitrogen retention in muscle, insulin like growth factor IGF - 1 increase in muscle tissue and seminal fluid. IGF - 1 responsible for Cell proliferation, growth and inhibiting apoptosis activity. Also AAS generally has an immunmodulatory impact on cytokines interactions as well as infertility. This study was designed to estimate the changes in cytokines in seminal plasma, sperm count in the seminal fluid and estimation of testosterone concentration in serum due to the impact of androgenic anabolic steroids hormones in bodybuildrs. Eighty male volunteers their age groups are ranging from 21 - 35 years. They were divided into three groups; the first group 27 age matched volunteers apparently healthy (healthy control group) , Second group 27 bodybuilders players attending the sport club with androgen anabolic steroid hormone abuse (AAS) (steroid group), and the third group 26 bodybuilder players attending this sport club in Baghdad without AAS uptake (fitness group ). A blood sample and seminal fluid were obtained from each individual involved in this study. Blood, serum and seminal plasma were prepared from these samples were obtained and applied for estimation of testosterone level by using enzyme immuno - florescent technology. Anti - sperm Ab test by heamo - aglutenation method was used to exclude the positive cases from this study.Heparinized blood was used for estimation of neutrophil phagocytic activity Sperm count was done for each seminal fluid sample, cytokines were estimated by sandwich ELISA method, in seminal plasma, these cytokines are IL - 6, IL - 10,IL17a,TNF - ? and INF - ?. The bodybuilders with AAS uptake showed a significant reduction in sperm count (P=0.00), fitness group sperm count showed slight nonsignificant decrease compared to healthy control group (P=0.7). Serum testosterone level in the AAS uptake group showed a significant decline compared with fitness and healthy control groups (P= 0.00). Exercise alone increases the level of IL - 6 (P=0.00), while exercise with AAS uptake decreases the level of IL - 6 (P=0.06). The fitness group showed highly significant increases in TNF alpha (P =0. 00). IL - 10 as an anti - inflammatory cytokine shows a high level in the AAS uptake group compared to the healthy group (0.04). IL - 17 as an inflammatory cytokine showed high significant increase in steroid group and fitness group (P=0.00), which indicate that both exercises with and without AAS uptake increases the level of IL - 17 secretion(P= 0.02) separately or in combination. Phagocytosis of AAS uptake group showed a highly significant decline (P= 0.00).The correlation results showed that there is a complex network interactions between the studied cytokines. The Phagocytic activity of the AAS uptake group showed a strong correlation with both IL - 6 and IL - 10 levels. IL - 10 as a suppresser cytokine has a significant correlation with TNF - alpha, INF - gamma and IL - 17A while, IL - 10 showed a negative correlation with IL - 6. IL - 17 which act as an inflammatory cytokine has a significant correlation with all cytokines except IL6 and phagocytic activity. Generally seminal plasma cytokine network may be under the effect of immune regulation mechanism and cytokine inactions as well as, the impact of steroids uptakes. In general the final impact of AAS uptake on bodybuilders immunity are declining in phagocytosis and an increase in IL - 10 which act as suppressor to the Th1 immune response and increase of IL - 17 which has a role in increasing the inflammatory response so, these results suggest that AAS abuse players may be more liable for infection and decrease in sperm count which may cause temporary or permanent infertility.

دراسة المقاومة المتعددة للمضادات الحيوية لعصيات التدرن لدى مرضى التدرن الرئوي == A Study On Drug Resistance Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolated From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

اسم المؤلف: انمار ليث طالب الحسني
اسم المشرف: عامر رشيد النجار | احمد اسمر منخي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعتبر عزلات جراثيم التدرن المقاومه للادوية من المشاكل الرئيسية في معالجة مرضى التدرن حول العالم. , ولاهميته اجريت هذه الدراسة لتسليط الضوء اكثر حول الحساسيه الدوائية بواسطة الطرق المختبرية التقليدية وعلى الوسط الصلب ومقارنته مع الطرق التشخيصية المختبرية ا | Drug resistant tuberculosis remained as major problems in the treatment of tuberculosis patients in the world. A prospective study was conducted to evaluate drug susceptibility testing (DST) by classical methods on solid media as compared with advance and molecular Laboratory diagnostic methods (Bactec MGIT 960 and GeneXpert MTB - RIF ). The study included the estimation of the first line anti - TB drugs, including (Rifampicin,Isonizid,Streptomycin and Etambutol) by solid media (Lowenstein - Jensen medium) and Bactec MGIT 960 system. In addition, the use of rapid molecular diagnostic method by GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay. Seventy five TB patients attending the National Reference Laboratory of Tuberculosis /medical city - Baghdad from December 2015 to June 2016 were included in this study. Patients were classified into two main groups : selected MDR patients, which were referred from different hospitals and health respiratory center in Iraq, represented 46 in order to compare different laboratory methods to detect of DST isolates, while 29 were randomly isolated and identified , the study matched by age and gender were also included. This study revealed that the drug resistance tuberculosis to Rifampicin was 47 (62.7%), Isonizid 41 (54.7%), Streptomycin 42 (56.0%) and Ethambutol 38 (50.7%). Respectively , on the golden stander in which solid media were used.The molecular and advance technique (GeneXpert and Bactec MGIT 960) as applied to estimation of drug resistance tuberculosis, the results of drug susceptibility testing (DST), as showed highly sensitivity and Accuracy, when compared with golden stander( LJ media) especially in detected of primary drugs (Rifampicin and Isoniazid) and showed lower sensitivity and accuracy to detected of the secondary drugs (Streptomycin and Ethambutol). The Multiple drug resistance (MDR - TB) case from selective samples was found to be almost similar to that found in other countries of the middle east and other regions in the world. While in the randomly identified samples, the rate of MDR - TB was lower than the referred (previously treated) cases.The GeneXpert MTB - RIF system is rapid molecular methods that used in many countries to identify of MTB and Rifampicin detected during 2 hours only, that used in this study. The high Rifampicin resistance and other drugs of local isolates could be due to abuse of the drug,defaulter and relapse of retreating cases (previously treated).

تقييم اداء بعض المدربيين باستخدام الاختبارات الدورية للقدرات الوظيفية والبدنية والمهارية للاعبين الناشئين بكرة القدم == Coaches Work Evaluating Using Periodic Tests of Physical, Skill And Functional Abilities For Young Soccer Players

اسم المؤلف: علي عصفور جادل الكناني
اسم المشرف: علي سموم دغل الفرطوسي
الموضوع العام: الرياضة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التربية الرياضية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: From the researcher experience and his career as a coach in soccer game being a player and coach for all groups ages, he noted that there are weakness in some physical, skills and functional abilities, this problem has been appeared by working with this young players, he found that this decline in their level due to the absence of periodical tests as indicator to detect training programs weaknesses for ineligible coaches who work in sports clubs and who do not have field and scientific knowledge experience in approved approaches and techniques for training programs in preparation for an integrated sport preparation, that should player have it to reach a high level.So the researcher manipulated to use of periodic tests as evaluating approach for coaches’ work of Baghdad clubs for juniors players as a guide according to physical, skills and functional abilities of soccer game.1 - 2 Research Objectives - Classify physical, skills and functional abilities of young soccer players as research sample. - Classify the differences in physical, skills functional abilities for young players clubs for research sample. - Evaluating coahes work according to young players differences of physical skills and functional abilities between research sample for clubs.Research proposes : 1 - 3 - There are differences between physical, skills and function abilities tests results for young players and for benefit of posttest. - There are differences between physical, skills and function abilities tests results for young players according to their clubs..1 - 4 Research field : Human field : young players from Baghdad soccer clubs.Temporal field : period from 18/09/2014 till 02/22/2015.Spatial field : Baghdad clubs for young soccer players.Chapter IIThis chapter included the theory and similar studies that have relation with our research.Chapter IIIField research methodology and procedures3 - 1 Research MethodologyThe researcher used descriptive method semi - empirical and corresponding correlations style and connectivity condition due to relevance of the problem nature as a descriptive approach.The research sample 2 3 - The research sample contain 129 players, all of whom are young players from Baghdad clubs Premier League soccer teams, aged below 17 years, representing (Air Force, Zora, police, students, alnafot, alhadod, almasafy, alKarkh, alkahrabaa clubs), and whom participants in Baghdad Clubs League for young soccer players in Iraq for season (2014 - 2015), those players was chosen as the research sample in a way the draw included four clubs (Air Force, alkahrabaa, alshorta, alnafot) thus the final sample becomes (93) players distributors in four clubs, the percentage is (72.10%).3 - 3 Statistics MethodsThe researcher used Statistical Package (SPSS) to process the data and extracted the results.3 - 4 Determine the physical, skills and functional abilitiesDetermine the physical abilities and qualities of young soccer players : test, Jump and sit Test (30 min), , ran 540 meters test , ran 30 metersvertical jump test, shatter ran (180 m) test.Identifying soccer basic skills : Ball drubbing test, ball stopped test, kick the ball for farthest distance test, passing test, aiming test.Determine the functional capabilities : Heart rate at rest time test and anaerobic capacity - The exploratory experience hold in Monday 22/09/2014 at 2 : 30 pm. - The researcher conducting posttests on the research sample at Wednesday on 24/09/2014 until 04/10/2014 and middle tests on Saturday on 25.10.2014 until Tuesday 11.04.2014 at a rate of two days for each club. - Posttests conducted on research sample on Tuesday 25/11/2014 until Friday, 05/12/2014 at a rate of two days for each club.Part IVDisplay, analyze and discuss the resultsPart VConclusions and recommendations1 - Conclusions - There is an improvement in physical, skills and function for all four teams, and that the aljawaa team is the best between them. - The training program prepared by the four clubs was good to improvement physically and skill level of players, aljawaa training program was the best between the three other teams. - coaches who received international training certificates were the best in design, planning and manage team players to gain skill, physical and functional characteristics of coaches who received local training certificates.2 - Recommendations - A need for similar study on other groups ages and follow training approach is similar to the aljawaa training approach to get the most benefit from this training progrsm.. - Necessary to focus and drive players to make a greater effort in during their exercise to achieve the objective of the exercise. - The researcher recommended to apply these tests and standards as an essential part of modern training programs for preparation and training also demands for coaches to use combinations of physical and skill tests and apply it.

العلاقات المصرية الاثيوبية بعد - الحرب الباردة == Egyptian - Ethiopiana Relations After The Cold War

اسم المؤلف: خالد مشرف عيدان
اسم المشرف: علاء جبار احمد
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2016
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Egypt and Ethiopia two countries regional and despite the lack of juxtaposition but they have enjoyed the characteristics of a common geostrategic, The fact is that there are a number of various factors affecting the Egyptian - Ethiopian relations after exceeding in the geo - strategic character as the interactions between them follow the path of his close association other interactions being in the regional and international area. , maybe the most prominent of these reactions appear when the exploitation of the Nile River, which originates in Ethiopia and flows into Egypt water issue and in spite of this interaction and overlap which features multiple levels and ties between Egypt and Ethiopia, but the relations between them despite the interference experienced a swing going on where they pass through cases of ups, downs, tensile and lax, It development to a better level of tension and then step back and end the estrangement earning recipe tactical relations of the accounts of temporary and immediate purposes, not for reasons of long - term strategy.We can say that the most prominent issue and the most important stand out by trying to Ethiopia exploit the headwaters of the Nile River, which the most important is located in its territory, toward non - recognition of acquired rights for the rest of the States participating in the Nile River, including Egypt, as it represents the Nile River to Egypt a matter of life and the story of the presence Hence the Egyptian direction concentrated trying to find common ground for economic cooperation with Ethiopia to prevent the recent use of the issue of the Nile water for political leverage against Egypt, but Ethiopia was trying always to check what is more, especially that the historical relations between the folk Ethiopian and Egyptian were solid relationships over which religious relations between Muslims and Copts who share the same religion and the Church of one.Ethiopia It has tried to achieve the goals and objectives multi - through investment Nile water issue was the establishment of political successive Ethiopian regimes to achieve a political speech for the purpose of exchange of view inside Ethiopia for retreats political, economic and disadvantages including Ethiopia, as well as trying to recent use of water for political leverage to the States participating in the Nile River and especially Egypt, due to the sites and recent weight in the region, and increasing the severity of the situation it is for many Western countries to provide support to Ethiopia on the basis that the poorest countries, but it's made for the international community animportant help in Somalia, along with that Ethiopian relations Zionism has always been a distinct starting from the transfer of the Falasha Jews from Ethiopia to Israel and through providing aid Intelligence and Informatics of the Zionist entity, eight of the Zionist entity feet and offers to Ethiopia experiences in the field of agriculture, and sanitation systems drinking water, along with the widening areas of cooperation in the waters of the Nile , as the Zionist entity was still hoping to transfer water tortured him by Al - Salam Canal, as well as to achieve even further political ends will not be available in front of him, but of course in cooperation with Ethiopia.On this basis, aims to study trace type prevailing relations between Egypt and Ethiopia, and what are the most important variables both regional and international that affect the type and form of these relations between the two countries, as well as to highlight the most important challenges facing the Egyptian - Ethiopian relations, according to the political, economic and social internal effects as well as shed variables light on the regional and international factors and their impact

التجربة الديمقراطية في ماليزيا (1957 - 2014) == The Democratic Experience In Malaysia 1957 - 2014

اسم المؤلف: اماني نوري لايج الموسوي
اسم المشرف: سعد علي حسين التميمي
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2016
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تناول موضوع الرسالة الموسومة (التجربة الديمقراطية في ماليزيا 1957 - 2014)، ابعاد التحول الديمقراطي في ماليزيا، وذلك لكون قضية التحول الديمقراطي والتنمية السياسية في ماليزيا لم تنبذ اذ حرصت الدولة الماليزية على التاكيد على اهمية الديمقراطية وعلى ضرورة انتهاج | The current study titled "The democratic Experience in Malaysia from 1957 until 2014", deals with the democratic turn in Malaysia since the matter of democratic turn and political development in Malaysia have not been neglected, but on contrary, it confirmed on democracy and on the necessity of adhering multi - practices that reflect the democratic method. This matter needs years of experience through which the Malaysia people should learn the democratic practices and it is necessitated to teach the Malaysian people how to succeed democracy in Malaysia. The study has divided into four chapters, the chapter one the theoretical frame of democracy the chapter two includes the political and constitutional Institutions in the in Malaysia's system while the chapter three includes essential elements on which the democracy in Malaysia relies, The chapter four includes the assessment of democratic experience in Malaysia. The study has reached to a set of results, including the Malaysian Government has formed a special form of democracy that suited with the Malaysian reality, It is assuredly that the Western democracy does not apply on all, but it applies on some nations, especially, many developing nations, including Malaysia have adopted such type of democracy that includes competitive election, parliament, protection of general freedoms, separation of powers and rights protection, These dimensions represented essential elements of democracy; the example of Malaysian democracy is a developed one and succeeded in many sides since it could absorb and assimilate multi - religious, cultural doctrines; besides, keeping the political and social stability and economic development, This system preserves types of capital and economic sides, where it collects economic policy and liberal capital from one side and the governmental interferences into economy from other side. It could say that this system works on instilling the national feelings within the Malaysian people, This sole practice of democracy ensued from the role of the leaders and political elite for securing the political and social stability along with the economic development in the stat

الافاق المستقبلية للعلاقات اللبنانية - العراقية == The Future Prospects Of The Lebanese / Iraqi

اسم المؤلف: عليا عبد الله محفوظ
اسم المشرف: عبد الامير محسن جبار الاسدي
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2016
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان جذور العلاقات اللبنانية / العراقية مترسخة في اعماق التاريخ منذ الاسطورة العراقية "كلكامش" حين عزم الاخير للسفر الى غابة الارز ليقضي على الوحش خمبايا الذي هو سلطة الشر التي تجثم فوق لبنان، ليخلد اسمه هناك في سجل الابطال الخالدينتبحــث هــذه الدراسة فــ | Its astudies of Search the subject in the future prospects of the Lebanese / Iraqi relations, aswhere it has affected local events for both countries and the Arab and regional events and even international on the nature of these relationship in the past and present, and as well as of the outcome of the nature of these relations in the future, and follower of these relations will finds, historical significance, economic and social factors in the bilateral relations between Iraq and Lebanon, these historical events refers since the dawn of history to this day to the importance of both Iraq and al - sham for protecting of the Arab region. Especially as the defense of Iraq or Egypt starts from al - sham , Iraq's oil are form the most sector the importance of Lebanon in the economic side, and it overshadowed cooperation in the Iraqi / Lebanese relations feature when the bilateral relationship is as in the establishment of the two stage until independence and beyond. Agreed the Iraqi and Lebanese positions on Arab issues, including the partition of Palestine and the war in 1948 and the position of the Baghdad Pact official pro decision is not popular, and the Convention on the Camp David, and Lebanon rejected to the economic blockade imposed on Iraq since 1990, etc. while had the effect of Arab parties on the Iraqi / Lebanese relations, the negative on those relationships, particularly Egypt and Syria, and the last is the most party effect in these relationships, and the impact of the Gulf crisis in (August / 1990) negative cast a shadow over Lebanon, especially on relations General with Iraq, came as the US occupation of Iraq in 2003. The sovereignty of the state of chaos and lawlessness, two thousand and security in the country, according to US schemes which led to the dissemination of the Lebanese model in Iraq, came to the resolution on Iraq in 1546. Similar to the resolution (1559) that has divided Lebanon and ended the Syrian military presence in it, have revealed this stage, serious developments in Iraq and Lebanon, in line with the scheme which the United States is implemented throughout the Arab world, under the pretext of reform and bring freedom and democracy to its people through the internationalization of its issues and interference in its affairs, and the establishment of the so - called "Greater Middle East".We have chosen this title of the subject for a master's thesis under the supervision of Dr. Mohsen Abdul Amir Jabbar al - Asadi and Ahec motives for selection are : 1. Importance of the issue, the issue is extremely important for both countries, that the status of Iraq in the region made it one leads the most important roles in the Arab world, the most important sources of Iraq's power, matched by Lebanon and its strategic role in the region, it is inevitable to have a relationship that the two countries some influence on the Arab world in positions of Arab, regional and international events. 2. Understand and keep track of how far there are no specific controls movement seizes Lebanese / Iraqi relations.3.. Find out which factors most influence on the Iraqi / Lebanese relations4.. My willng in writing the first academic study looking at the Iraqi / Lebanese relations, and filling the Arabic library in this important relationship between Iraq and Lebanon.5.. Giving back had to my second Iraq, which gave me a lot and gave me what I did not submit my mother( Lebanon). The study starts from the basic premise that : - That despite the importance of Iraqi / Lebanese relations, there are conditions and variables prevented to be a relationship at one level, as each event a certain stage of relations attributes that distinguish them from other stages, left fingerprints on the relationship between the two countries, hence the hypothesis presented a lot of questions Perhaps the most important : - Iraqi / Lebanese relation runs from the common Arab interests and what are the factors affecting both countries in their relations with some, and the reflection that the influence of the position of the State towards other on the one hand and towards the Arab events on the other hand, what are the most influential factors. Are there determinants of relations between Iraq and Lebanon,.ohl events experienced by Iraq had a reflection on Lebanon and vice versa. Is that the change that has plagued Iraq after 2003, contributed to the development or deterioration in the relations. Is there a future relationship scenes in the presence of the determinants for both parties. As a result of the above it can be accessed following the fact that the future Iraqi relations / Lebanese rely on the two countries themselves, through a true partnership in cooperation, especially with the presence of catalysts mentioned above, and concern corrects the domestic arena, hoping to reach the maximum cooperation, to have every one of them the power to the other and back him in the common crucial issues and in the public interests and this is a spectacle expected from the Lebanese / Iraqi relations of cooperation, particularly since the Bbnh Iraq became very clear and therefore assumed that there is a perception of what urges in the region and achieved through Iraq, Lebanon, Syria and Egypt... etc. So requires especially the Iraqi and Lebanese Arab interests of achieving maximum cooperation to overcome the internal and benefit crises of other people's experiences in the wrong crises and address them and move them forward towards a common Arab interests and miss the opportunity to sight decline and collapse in Arab relations / Arabic, including the Lebanese - Iraqi relations

التطورات السياسية والدستورية في تركيا للمدة 1980 - 2014 == The Political And Constitutional Developments In Turkey For The Period 1980 - 2014

اسم المؤلف: عبد الرحمن بهلول رستم الشمري
اسم المشرف: احمد عبد القادر مخلص القيسي
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2016
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان هذه الرسالة التي تحمل عنوان (التطورات السياسية والدستورية في تركيا للمدة 1980 - 2014)، تتكون من ثلاثة فصول، فضلا عن فصل تمهيدي ومقدمة وخاتمة, ففي الفصل التمهيدي تم البحث في تاسيس الجمهورية التركية مبادئها وتطوراتها، في حين تناول الفصل الاول الانقلاب | The current study titled (political and constitutional developments in Turkey for the period 1980 - 2014), consists of three chapters, as well as preface , introduction and conclusion. In the introduction, it has been focused on the foundation of the Turkish Republic, its principles and its developments, while the chapter one includes the military coup in 1980 and its consequences on the political system later on , the chapter two dedicated to discuss the political developments in Turkey after 1990, the chapter three assigned for the most important political and constitutional developments of the justice and development Party's ruling , for the period 2002 2014. The Thesis has discussed political and constitutional developments in Turkey after the military coup in 1980 and the consequences of this coup on the course of Turkish political events later. Under this dilemma , it has been raised several questions about the origin and establishment of the Turkish state along with its later developments on the phase of establishment as well as the phase , which came after the military coup in 1980 and its severe developments on the Turkish political system after 1990, and how the Justice and Development Party was able to succeed in its political project and has gained the support of the majority of the Turkish people since 2002 to the present time. The hypothesis of thesis has indicated that the Turkish Republic has witnessed political and constitutional significant changes as a result of internal and external circumstances , top of which was the struggle between the military and secular parties being as protector for the secularism's principles in the country on one hand, and Islamist parties on the other hand, until the conflict got settled between them by preventing military interventions in political affairs. The political struggle got stable , definitely after making several constitutional amendments in line with the further democratic gains and to raise the level of public freedoms in the country in an effort to achieve requirements of joining the EU.The thesis has included a set of most important conclusions : 1st. Turkey is considered as a model for the countries in which the military plays a major role in political life, we find the Turkish military's impact was evident in the Turkish political life, and this shows that the role of this institution is not limited to the defense of the homeland but also the preservation of the political system in accordance with the definite principles 2nd. In respect to the political and constitutional developments during the period from 1980 - 1990, it has been witnessed series of political and constitutional significant developments, perhaps the most important of which is a coup carried out by the army in 1980, and later on developments caused by the coup in the Turkish political system. These developments included various institutions in Turkey, such as the legislative, executive and judicial power. 3rd. The Turkish political system after 1990 has witnessed the rise of anti - secular currents. These currents are represented in the political Islamic forces , which quickly collided with supporters and protectors of the secular trend of the state and most especially the military establishment, which tried to defy and suppress this return to Islam as a political system of ruling in Turkey. 4th. The accession of the Justice and Development Party to power in November 2002, contributed into weakening and undermining the political role of the military establishment, through the constitutional reforms led by the party, despite the adoption of the constitutional reforms, particularly those concerning the role of the military in political life, and reduce the role of the national Security Council of Turkey for the purpose of joining the European Union 5th. Turkish identity crisis is in general and the Kurdish issue in particular of the major crises suffered by the Turkish Republic since its establishment in 1923 and until now, this crisis has formed political , security, economic and social concern for the successive Turkish governments. Now the accession of the Justice and Development Party to power has made some positive steps that will help in solving the Kurdish issue through the development of Turkish majority - dominated regions and has given them some cultural rights, and trying engaging them in the political process. In the first time in Turkey a Kurdish political party could reach to the Turkish National Council and this matter makes the Kurds endowing with hope to achieve more accomplishments and gains in solving their matter

ازمة رئاسة الجمهورية في لبنان : دراسة في الاسس والابعاد المستقبلية == Crisis Of Presidency Of Republic In Lebanon (Study In Future Bases And Dimensions)

اسم المؤلف: سالي سعد محمد الفراجي
اسم المشرف: ناظم نواف ابراهيم الشمري
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2016
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: لبنان بلد عربي متميز بطبيعته المحيرة التي انتجت دولة هي الاحدث من حيث مفرداتها الاساسية لكنها الاعقد والاكثر تازما عن غيرها من الدول العربية الحديثة، لانه شهد احداثا اكثر من اي دولة عربية اخرى، وخاصة على الصعيد الداخلي الذي انهكته الحروب الاهلية، والطائ | Lebanon is considered a distinguished Arabic country in its confused nature that lead to modern state according to its essential items, but it still most complicated and most aggravated than other modern Arabic country.Lebanon has witnessed events more than other Arabic countries ,especially on the interior level.the civil war and sectarian that have exhausted the abilities on different aspects that accompanied the walk of the political organization since the out set in 1920.......and continued till these days.on the external level Lebanon was distinguished as an associated member with abroad.these connections and interferences did not allow Lebanon to establish institutions of a strong in depended state; therefore Lebanon became an example of anarchy ,violence, riot and consequently to this circumstance of crises and problems that reflects the deep danger surrounding this country.Lebanon could be threatened because the chain of wars and events that cause a negative effect on its political stability and engaging the regime in many complications.so, I attempt in my thesis to present an academic study about the crisis of republic presidency and its whys and wherefores on the Lebanese situation.I have divided my subject into three sections.The first ;discussing the Lebanese political modern organization and offering the political circles and the political, social, economic situation and the outstanding features of these politics.Section two; we have discussed the details of the presidential crisis on the different historical phases that Lebanon has witnessed of developments and crises in republic presidency and their political ,economic and social influence on the Lebanese situation and on the republic presidency position.Section three; discussing the ability of the regime to find the solutions to reduce the traces of the crisis and its futuristic results according to its continuity or its progressions.The thesis concluded in significant recommendations the most important issue is the presidential political voiding in Lebanon merely a results of in harmony interior deterioration. There are many factors contributed in scattering this harmony and the failure to get agreement.The contradictory in the foreign situations [international, regional]that concerned to the Lebanon affairs, consequently undermined interior situation and became connected to the foreign countries with strong ties. Thus the Lebanese decision subjected to the changes and events inThe international policies and the Lebanese decision of the republic presidency depends on foreign powers.

اشكالية التحول نحو النظام الفيدرالي في العراق بعد عام 2003 م == Problem Of Trans Formation Federal System On Iraq After 2003

اسم المؤلف: احمد عامر كاظم
اسم المشرف: ابتسام حاتم علوان الدليمي
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2016
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تتكون هذه الرسالة فضلا عن المقدمة والخاتمة، من اربعة فصول وفي كل فصل يوجد مبحثان، وفي كل مبحث يوجد مطلبان حيث خصص الفصل الاول للبحث في الاطار النظري للفيدرالية. في حين تم مناقشة تطبيق النظام الفيدرالي في العراق في الفصل الثاني. اما الفصل الثالث فقد تناول | The present paper includes four chapters in addition to introduction and conclusion ; in every chapter , there are two parts , each part includes two units. The chapter one is assigned for theoretical framework of Federalism, while it has been discussed the federal system in Iraq in the chapter two. The chapter three where the researcher deal with bases of establishing new territory in Iraq added to Kurdistan territory. In chapter four the researcher has alluded to obstacles. The thesis aims at : What are the Factors motivated to establish new territory in Iraq? What are obstacles ? These problems excite another set of questions including - What is the theoretical framework for Federal State? - What is the legal framework for federalism in Iraq? - How has federalism been applied in Iraq? Hypothesis : Iraq adopts federalism quickly and under difficult conditions and unnatural conditions. At the same time , federalism is a culture and needs to awakened political elite and this is unavailable in Iraq. Thus , the researcher does not expect to form new territories in a definite period of time , if establishing these territories , it will be in a hurry and by an external interference. Consequently, it will form a danger on the unity of Iraqi State in future. The thesis includes a set of conclusions : 1st : In respect to Federalism 's theoretical framework : The state is simply included people ( people is a set of individuals either ; territory has boundaries and transparent signs. People live under political system that manages their life and their conditions. The federal state consists of people and political system; the difference between the usual state and federalism is that , the political system concedes part of its powers for the benefit of governments formed inside the state and managing some states and territories. Secondly : Federalism in Iraq between Theory and applicationKurdistan territory has been established in 1992 ; federalism application has been expanded as to include all Iraq according to the law of Iraqi state for the transitional stage for 2004 and Iraqi constitution for 2005. Years following the enacting of the permanent constitution have not witnessed forming any new territory in Iraq and Federalism has thus remained merely materials in the constitution. Thirdly : Forming New territories in IraqDespite there are justifications motivated toward forming a new territory in Iraq including social, political, economic , external , territorial and international justifications, but there have obstacles having internal and external dimensions ( Territorial and international) If we want to scale to what extent these factors motivated toward forming territory , we will find that these factors calling for forming the territories are more larger than those standing against them. Recommendations the thesis suggests are : 1st : Doing Cultures for Federalism : Previously, the federalism is a culture , the more the people and the governing political elite have endowed with this term , the more success will be gotten. Thus the researcher see that it is necessarily to have campaigns for culture and awakening either by the people or political elite. 2nd : Preparing for applying Federalism Federalism is part of all and it is not away from other economic , social and political obstacles the state lives under. The more opportunities are available , the more success will be there. On this basis , it should depend on removing obstacles standing before the application of federalism and achieving integration , building federal state in a correct way, forming a federal council and then we could form new territories in Iraq. 3rd : Federalism could have been not imposed from outside Iraq, but rather it ensued from the people. This basis is applied on Iraq. If the political system could not cease external interferences ( international and territorial) , the federal experience will remain suffering from problems and defects. Thus the important step is to cease external interferences before establishing territory.

العلاقات الكويتية - الايرانية بعد عام 1990 == Kuwaiti - Iranian Relations After 1990

اسم المؤلف: هارون موسى حسين
اسم المشرف: شوقي علي ابراهيم
الموضوع العام: العلوم السياسية
السنة: 2016
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Historically, the relations between the countries is not without the problems and crises in spite of the existence of cooperation and understanding between them, so we cannot predict this stable relationship on one of these two methods in absolute case, as well as cannot reach the breaking point of their relationship because they lead to a crisis and turn up to case of conflict.In the Kuwaiti - Iranian relations obviously, it does not carry an exception. They are acting in foreign relations, in accordance of their national interests through the political leadership of this interest.As long as they belong to the Arabic Gulf region with its east and west coast ,its strategy importance stems from being first (location),second (wealth), the ancient geography of the fact , and the second contemporary economic fact have been compounded by two facts together to impress them of this importance.In addition, Iran and the Arabic Gulf countries except Iraq, they act the two columns, which is based on them western presence in this vital region.Geopolitical location of the two countries, despite the significant difference between them as population ,and area are considered the most important of the Arab Gulf countries to enjoy it from this important site because they are located in the strategic triangle that include them with Iraq in the region to meet with an island (Musandam).They also considered the main corridor logistical for any ground force heading to and from the region of the heart, and they constitute the first land port and facilities for the logistics of any naval force if it wants to dominate the (Eurasia) or the heart area, so they conflict center not on the Gulf land alone, but to hold on and control of the heart of the world, then control the destinies of the world, also featured its importance within the Gulf region because of its proximity to middle Asia, a vital region both from a strategic point of economic or security, this is the first subject of the first chapter, where bilateral relations continue through political, economic, cultural and security motives in the second subject of the first chapter in the mentioned period of the Shah's rule since (1941) until the year (1979), which was a (West policeman) in the Arabian Gulf region. The bilateral relations in the Gulf region publically are in favor of the Shah's Iran by seeking obviously to control the west coast, which includes six countries , in addition to Iraq and Yemen, especially the Gulf region has become a milky cow like India previously for United States and Western Europe, as well as it was considered as a first line to confront the Soviet Union and its vital scope in the region for the benefit of the Western camp.The fall of the Shah in 11/2/1979 led to the collapse of one of the dominant western presence in the region and the collapse of the east west gate columns led to an imbalance in the Gulf region after the Islamic revolution in Iran, which has sought to exit the west from this region that the United States is considered by (the Great devil) who must fight it and away from the region and its strategic security.The United States has sought to strengthen its ties strong bonds through its military presence and its alliances with the west coast countries, and limit the spread of the principles of the Islamic revolution and its ideology, which culminated in a year (1980) Gulf war first (Iran - Iraq war), followed by the establishment of cooperation of Arab Gulf Countries Council in (1981 ), which Iran is considered as the arrow directed against it by military force named (Island shield).Second chapter deal with the duration of the (1990 - 2000) and search within them the most important variables in the Gulf region and nearby it as an Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in (1990) ,and the Second Gulf War in 1991 and the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the disintegration of it countries , followed by influence motives of these variables that have occurred in the mentioned period.Third Chapter deal about the changes that have occurred in the period (2000 - 2015) which events (11 / September / 2001) then the US invasion of Afghanistan in the same year ,followed the US invasion and occupation of Iraq (2003), and put Iraq under seventh item , then the problem of Arabic revolutions or the so - called (the Arab spring) , All these revolutions and changes in the mentioned period caused by direct impact or indirectly on the Kuwaiti - Iranian relations in the first section, while emerged directly impacts on these bilateral subject, through the Arab regional way and non - Arab, as well as the international influence on these relations, while fourth chapter looking dispute between the two countries especially the political, ideological and cultural sides ,but the determinants continue to impact on the bilateral relations. The fourth chapter of the second subject was ended by its future vision through continuity in the classic track or retrogression of relationships by rule or acting of the regional and international impacts ,but not to finish it.Then search pre - last paragraph (Conclusion) the existence of conclusions through analysis and personal vision of the researcher.Furthermore, the resources was fixed at the end of the thesis
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