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خرق قوانين كرايس الحواريه من قبل النساء في بعض المسرحيات المختاره : دراسة تداوليه == Flouting of Grice’s Conversational Maxims by Women in Some Selected Plays : A Pragmatic Study

اسم المؤلف: سمـر محمـد فاضـل
اسم المشرف: بشرى نعمة راشد
الموضوع العام: اللغات الاجنبية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الانكليزية - اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعد اللغة من احدى وسائل الاتصال المثيره للاهتمام التي يمكن عدها كظاهرة ذات بعدين. يمكن دراستها من حيث القواعد والمعجم من دون ادراجه في اي سياق؛ لغرض فهم تراكيب اللغة المتنوعة. فضلا عن ذلك، فانه يمكن دراسة اللغة في اي سياق مرغوب به سواء كان السياق نصا او اجتماعيا ؛ لغرض فهم تاثير هذين النوعين من السياق في نقل المعنى المطلوب. وهذا ما تتعلق به الدراسة الحالية.احدى اهداف الدراسة الحالية هو استقصاء حالات خرق مبادئ غرايس الحوارية في كلام شخصيات الاناث واللاتي يعدن تجسيدا للنساء الامريكيات والبريطانيات خلال الموجه الثانية للحركة النسائية. وهنالك اهداف اضافية متنوعة، احداها هو توفير توضيح كاف للاختيارات اللغوية لهذه الشخصيات المختارة. يزاد على ذلك، فان الافعال الكلامية قد تم البحث والتحقق منها لغرض معرفة اسباب استخداماتها، مثلا ، هل ان اغلب الافعال الكلامية التي عثر عليها تشكل تهديدا للنساء الاخريات المشاركات في المحادثة او لا؟ وهذا النوع من الدراسة يعطي لمحة عن الحركة النسائية سواء كان لها تاثيرا على طريقة كلام النساء مع بعضهن ام لا. فضلا عن ذلك فانها ستبين تفضيل النساء بالتعبير عن المعنى بطريقة غير مباشرة.اما بالنسبة الى فرضيات الدراسة الحالية، احداها هي انه عن تواصل الاناث مع بعضهن، فهن يفضلن التعبير عن المعنى بصورة ضمنية. يزاد على ذلك، فانهن يملن الى مشاركة تفاصيل حياتهن سواء عن طريق الشكوى والتعبير العاطفي ام وصف الاحداث التي يواجهوهن في حياتهن الشخصية والعملية. لذلك يلاحظ ان اكثر المبادئ خرقا مقارنة بالانواع الاخرى هو مبدا الكمية.تقسم الرسالة الى خمسة فصول. يعد الفصل الاول مقدمة للدراسة باكملها بينما يعد الفصل الثاني فصلا نظريا . الفصل الثالث كرس لجمع البيانات ومن ضمنها النموذج الانتقائي المتبع في التحليل. بينما يعد الفصل الرابع فصلا تطبيقيا اذ يحتوي على الحليل والذي يسهم في الوصول الى النتائج الموجودة في الفصل الخامس الذي يحتوي ايضا على اثارا تربوية ودراسات يمك ان تبحث مستقبلا . | Language is one of the interesting means of communication. It can be regarded as a multidisciplinary phenomenon. It can be studied in terms of its grammar and lexicon, without any context involved, for the purpose of understanding language structures. Meanwhile, it can be studied in relation to any context desired in addition to co - textual elements for the purpose of understanding how both contribute in conveying meanings; and this is what the present study is involved in. One of the aims of the present study is to investigate the floutings of Grice’s conversational maxims by female characters whom are manifestations of women in the American and British society during the second wave of feminisim. An additional aim is that of finding answers to justify women’s flouting of each of the four maxims providing illustration on why they tend to linguistically behave as so. Moreover, speech acts are investigated in order to identify whether women tend to employ face - threatening acts or not. Such an investigation provides a glimpse of whether the feminist movement influences American and British women, when involved in female - group conversations, in terms employing such linguistic devices in their speech. In addition to that, it will show how they sometimes prefer to indirectly convey what they mean.As for some of the hypotheses concerning the present study, one of them is that when females communicate with each other, they favor conveying their meanings indirectly by flouting Grice’s four conversational maxims. They also share details of their lives whether by complaining, expressing sentimental issues or even describing situations they have gone through in their lives. Therefore, they flout the maxim of quantity more in comparison with the other three. The thesis is divided into five chapters. Chapter one is an introduction to the whole study, while chapter two is a theoretical one. Chapter three, on the other hand, is devoted to data collection which also includes the eclectic model to be followed in the analysis. Chapter four is the practical part of the study after which the conclusions are listed in chapter five as well as the pedagogical implications and suggestions for further research.

استخدام عناصر الرعب في روايات مختارة لان رادكليف, ايميلي برونت, ودافني دي موريه == THE EMPLOYMENT OF THE GOTHIC ELEMENTS IN SELECTED NOVELS BY : ANN RADCLIFFE, EMILY BRONTE, AND DAPHNE DU MAURIER

اسم المؤلف: رؤى علي محمود
اسم المشرف: ازهار نوري فجر
الموضوع العام: اللغات الاجنبية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الانكليزية - الادب
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الادب القوطي هو نوع من الادب القصصي, ظهر في اواخر القرن الثامن عشر بوصفه ردة فعل ضد صرامة حركة التنوير. نشات الرواية القوطية (الرعب) مع نشر رواية هوراس والبول (قلعةهوراس : قصة رعب١٧٦٤), اذ وضع والبول والرواد الاخرون النواميس الاساس لروايات الرعب القديمة مثل (القلعة المسكونة , البطلة البريئة , الشرير المرعب... الخ). وشهدت الرواية القوطية العديد من التغيرات, والابتكارات , والتحولات في المكان والزمان والمواضيع والافكار منذ اواخرالقرن الثامن عشر حتى يومنا هذا. وبناءا على ذلك, تهدف هذه الدراسة مناقشة توظيف عناصر الرعب وتستقصي العوامل التي تؤثر في تطورادب الرعب في روايات مختارة لثلاث كاتبات من عصور مختلفة . تمثل رواية ان رادكليف (رومانسية صقلية ١٧٩٠) الحقبة الاولى من الرواية القوطية, حيث تعكس عناصر الرعب التقليدية والتي تركز على كفاح البطلة المضطهدة ضد الشرير المرعب. بينما تصور رواية ايميلي برونت الشهيرة والفريدة (مرتفعات ويذرنك١٨٤٧) ادب الرعب في العصر الفكتوري, اذ تعكس التغيرات والتحولات الثقافية في القرن التاسع عشر.في حين تجسد رواية دافني دي مورييه (ريبيكا ١٩٣٨) الحقبة الثالثة في النصف الاول من القرن العشرين, والتي قامت بناؤها على اساس عناصر الرعب التقليدية, لكن بطريقة جديدة تحاكي الموضوعات والقضايا المعقدة في القرن العشرين. تتالف هذه الدراسة من اربعة فصول وخاتمة. يشتمل الفصل الاول (التمهيدي) على اربعة مباحث : يتناول المبحث الاول معنى وتعريف الرعب.ويركز المبحث الثاني على صعود الرواية القوطية خلال القرن الثامن عشر,التاسع عشروبداية القرن العشرين.اما المبحث الثالث فيناقش عناصر الرعب : الملموسة والمجردة, ويعرض المبحث الرابع نبذة وجيزة عن تطور ادب الرعب الانثوي. يضم الفصل الثاني ثلاثة مباحث : يتناول المبحث الاول حياة ان رادكليف وتاثيراتها عليها. كما ويعرض المبحث الثاني موجزا مختصرا لروايتها القوطية (رومانسية صقلية). ويتناول المبحث الثالث تصوير عناصر الرعب في الرواية. اما الفصل الثالث فينقسم على مبحثين : يعرض المبحث الاول سيرة مختصرة عن حياة ايميلي برونتي. ويناقش المبحث الثاني استخدام عناصر الرعب في رواية مرتفعات ويذرنك.وينقسم الفصل الرابع على ثلاثة مباحث : يوضح المبحث الاول السيرة الذاتية لدافني دي مورييه. ويعرض المبحث الثاني ملخص عن روايتهرايبيكا. بينما يهتم المبحث الثالث بوصف عناصر الرعب في الرواية. وتحاول الخاتمة ربط النهايات السائبة وتلخيص النتائج التي توصلت اليها الدراسة. | Gothic genre is a kind of fiction emerged in the late eighteenth century as a reaction against the rigidity of the Enlightenment movement. Gothic novel originated with the publication of Horace Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto : A Gothic Story (1764). Walpole and the other pioneers set the essential gothic conventions of the early gothic novels (haunted castle, innocent heroine, gothic villain…etc.). However, Gothic novel has undergone various changes, innovations, and transformations in the setting, themes, and motifs, since the late eighteenth century, continuing to the present day. Accordingly, the present study aims at discussing the employment of the gothic elements and investigating the factors that have an effect on gothic development in selected novels of three female authors from different eras. Ann Radcliffe’s A Sicilian Romance (1790) stands for the first wave of the gothic genre, a novel that reflects the traditional gothic conventions focusing on the struggle of a persecuted heroine against a vicious villain. While Emily Brontë’s unique famous novel Wuthering Heights (1847) expounds the second wave of the gothic literature in the Victorian age, as it mirrors the nineteenth century cultural shifts and transformations. Whereas Daphne du Maurier’s Rebecca (1938) exemplifies the third wave in the first half of the twentieth century; it builds upon the early gothic conventions and delivers them in a new way echoing the twentieth century gothic intricacy, issues, and themes.The present study falls into four chapters and a conclusion. Chapter one is introductory and divided into four sections : section one presents the gothic’s definition and meaning. Section two focuses on the rise of the gothic literature throughout the late eighteenth, nineteenth, and early twentieth centuries. Section three discusses gothic elements in two categories; concrete and abstract. Section four gives a brief knowledge about the outgrowth of female gothic. Chapter two consists of three sections : section one is devoted to Radcliffe’s life and the influences on her. Section two presents a brief synopsis about her gothic novel A Sicilian Romance. Section three deals with the portrayal of the gothic elements in the novel.Chapter three has two sections . Section one is a brief biography about Emily Brontë. Section two discusses the usage of gothic elements in Wuthering Heights. Chapter four is divided into three sections : section one is the biography of Daphne du Maurier. Section two views a plot summary about her novel Rebecca. Section three explores the depiction of gothic elements in the novel.The conclusion ties up the loose ends and sums up the findings of this study.

مفهوم الخبث في مسرحيات مختارة لليليان هيلمان == THE CONCEPT OF MALICE IN SELECTED PLAYS BY LILLIAN HELLMAN

اسم المؤلف: رؤى احسان محمد
اسم المشرف: صباح عطا الله خليفة ضيائي
الموضوع العام: اللغات الاجنبية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الانكليزية - الادب
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الخبث هو الرغبة في ارتكاب عمل غير مشروع وايذاء الاخرين من دون عذر منطقي، وقد يتسبب هذا الامر بضرر جسدي او نفسي او اقتصادي للاخرين، اما بدافع عدواني، واما بسبب لؤم راسخ.ليليان فلورنس هيلمان (1905 - 1984) كانت ناشطة على الساحة السياسية. افضل ما يعرف عن مسرحيات هيلمان هو تناولها للقضايا الاجتماعية والنفسية. تستكشف في مسرحياتها الطمع وقدرة الانسان على الخبث، وتتضمن مسرحياتها الصراع بين المصالح الفردية والضمير الاجتماعي. كذلك تتناول الكاتبة طبيعة الشر والانحلال الاخلاقي في المجتمع الاميركي. وتصور مسرحياتها ايضا العلاقات المعقدة داخل الاسر.تقع الدراسة في اربعة فصول وخاتمة. الفصل الاول : تمهيدي وهو مقسم على عدة اجزاء تتعامل مع الجوانب المختلفة للخبث، والخلفية السياسية، الاجتماعية، والاقتصادية للمجتمع الاميركي الحديث. ويتضمن كذلك حياة هيلمان واعمالها. اما الفصل الثاني؛ فيتناول مسرحية هيلمان الثعالب الصغار (1939) وهو يتفحص الصراعات المالية والنفسية داخل عائلة جنوبية، حيث يبرز الجشع بين الاخوة الذين يخدعون بعضهم بعضا للمشاركة في معمل للقطن، وهي استراتيجية تربحهم الكثير من المال. يناقش الفصل الثالث مسرحية هيلمان (جزء اخر من الغابة) (1946) وهذه المسرحية هي بمنزلة تمهيد لمسرحية (الثعالب الصغار)؛ اذ انها تعرض الاسرة نفسها لكن في مرحلة مبكرة. المسرحية تروي قصة الزعيم الجشع ماركوس هوبارد الذي جمع ثروته خلال الحرب الاهلية عن طريق الابتزاز. يستعرض الفصل الرابع مسرحية هيلمان (دمى في العلية) (1960) وتركز المسرحية على كاري بيرنيرز وليلي براين اللتين تتصرفان بطريقة خبيثة حيث تحاولان السيطرة على حياة جوليان.تلخص الخاتمة النتائج التي توصلت لها الرسالة | Malice means the desire to commit an unlawful act and harm others without a legitimate excuse. It includes the deliberate infliction of physical, psychological, and economic damage on other people either because of a hostile motive or out of cruelty.Lillian Florence Hellman (1905 - 1984) was a political activist. Her plays are best known for examining social and psychological concerns. They explore human greed, malice, and the opposition between individual interests and social conscience. She examines the nature of evil and moral deterioration in American society. Her plays also portray the complex relationships within families. The study is divided into four chapters and a conclusion. Chapter One is an introduction which is divided into sections that deal with different perspectives of malice, the economic, social and literary background of modern American society. It also comprises Hellman's life and works. Chapter Two tackles Hellman's play The Little Foxes (1939). It examines the financial and psychological conflict within a wealthy greedy Southern family. The Hubbard siblings viciously scheme each other to participate in a cotton mill, a strategy that would make them rich. Chapter Three discusses Hellman's play Another Part of the Forest (1946). It is a prologue to her previous play The Little Foxes. It displays the same family at an early stage. It tells the story of the greedy patriarch Marcus Hubbard who made his fortune using illegal methods during the Civil War.Chapter Four explores Toys in the Attic (1960). The play focuses on Carrie Berniers and Lily Prine who act in a malicious way trying to dominate Julian’s life.The Conclusion sums up the findings of the study

دراسة تداولية لاداء الطلبة العراقيين متعلمي اللغة الانكليزية لغة اجنبية باستخدام افعال الكلام == A PRAGMATIC STUDY OF IRAQI EFL LEARNERS' PERFORMANCE IN USING SPEECH ACTS

اسم المؤلف: حقي اسماعيل غانم
اسم المشرف: عبد الكريم فاضل جميل
الموضوع العام: اللغات الاجنبية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الانكليزية - اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تهدف هذه الدراسة الى معرفة قدرة طلبة المرحلة الرابعة قسم اللغة الانكليزية في كلية التربية ابن رشد للعلوم الانسانية/جامعة بغداد على تمييز واداء افعال الكلام في اللغة وكذلك تهدف الى تقصي ومعرفة المشاكل التي تواجه الطلبة ووضع حلول ناجعة يستطيعون من خلالها تقديم افعال كلام صحيحة ودقيقة . ان متعلمي اللغة الانكليزية لغة اجنبية عادة مايواجهون مشاكل في اداء افعال الكلام نتيجة عدم كفاءتهم المتداولة التي تعيق من تقدمهم في اداء افعال الكلام, فهم عادة مايقدمون جملا ضعيفة يعتبرونها جملا صحيحة. وكذلك تهدف هذه الدراسة الى تشخيص ومعرفة مستويات طلبة الجامعات في تمييز واداء افعال الكلام لتشخيص ومعرفة مواضع الضعف لديهم.لانجاز اهداف هذه الدراسة وضع الباحث الفرضيات الاتية : 1 - عدم قدرة الطلبة العراقيين متعلمي اللغة الانكليزية لغة اجنبية على تمييز ومعرفة انواع معينة لافعال الكلام.2 - عدم قدرة الطلبة العراقيين متعلمي اللغة الانكليزية لغة اجنبية على انتاج افعال الكلام بصورة صحيحة.تبنى الباحث عددا من الاجراءات لتحقيق اهداف تلك الفرضيات, من بين تلك الاجراءات انشاء اختبار يتضمن تمييز واداء افعال الكلام, حيث ان جانبا من اهتمام الباحث هو استقصاء الخلفية النظرية لمفاهيم علم الدلالة وتصنيف افعال الكلام.تم اجراء الاختبار على مئة طالب من قسم اللغة الانكليزية في كلية التربية ابن رشد للعلوم الانسانية/ جامعة بغداد .يتكون الاختبار من سؤالين لمعرفة مستوى تمييز واداء الطلبة.على طلبة المرحلة الرابعة الاجابة عن السؤالين وفقا لما مطلوب في الاختبار وعلى ضوئها تحلل نتائج اجاباتهم, حيث ان نتائج الاختبار بينت ضعف مستويات الطلبة في القدرة على انتاج الجمل وادائها بصورة صحيحة والسبب من وراء ذلك هو معرفتهم الاجتماعية والبراغماتية التي تجعلهم ينتجون انواعا من افعال الكلام والتي يعتبر انتاجا غير واضح ويعطي المعاني الغامضة والتي لاتتعلق بالثقافات الاخرى. وعلى اساس هذه الاستنتاجات تم استخلاص المضامين التعليمية المناسبة كما قدمت بعض التوصيات والمقترحات لبحوث مستقبلية | The thesis aims at investigating the ability of Iraqi undergraduate students of English, fourth - year students of English Department in the College of Education for human sciences/ Ibn Rushd, University of Baghdad, recognition and production levels of speech acts in the language. It also aims to investigate the problems the Iraqi students face in production and recognition of speech acts and to put the possible solutions that make the students perform and issue speech acts properly and accurately. Iraqi EFL learners are thought to face difficulty in producing speech acts due to their pragmatic incompetence which may block their production. The study locates the areas of difficulty in Iraqi EFL learners encountered in recognizing and producing speech acts and investigating the speech acts by Iraqi EFL learners at the universities levels to observe the points of weakness those learners face in recognizing and producing speech acts. In order to fulfill the aims of the study, the following hypotheses are proposed : 1. Iraqi EFL learners are unable to identify particular types of speech acts.2. Iraqi EFL learners are unable to produce the types of speech acts properly.The researcher has adopted a set of procedures to achieve the aims and to verify the hypotheses. Among which is to construct a test by using recognition and production task.The test is administered to 100 students from the English Department in the College of Education for human sciences/ Ibn Rushd, University of Baghdad.The test is composed of two questions to elucidate the level of recognition and the level of production, the fourth - year students are asked to respond to what is required in the situations. The students’ responses have been analyzed and the results of the test showed weakness in the production levels of the students, this is because of their socio - pragmatic knowledge that makes them produce types of speech acts which lead to unclear production and give obscure meanings which are not related to either culture.On the basis of these findings, suitable pedagogical implications are drawn, and recommendations and suggestions for further research are put forward

دراسة تداولية لافعال الكلام في الخطب المدرسية == A PRAGMATIC STUDY OF SPEECH ACTS IN SCHOOL SPEECHES

اسم المؤلف: تقوى سعدون جاسم
اسم المشرف: عبد الكريم فاضل جميل
الموضوع العام: اللغات الاجنبية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الانكليزية - اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يستخدم مدراء المدارس انواع مختلفة من افعال الكلام لتحقيق اهداف اكاديمية وتعليمية مثل التوجيه والاعلان وتصحيح سلوك الطلاب ومشاركة اراء وافكار الاخرين...الخ. لكن المشكلة هي ان انواع افعال الكلام الخمسة ليست مستعملة بالتساوي في خطب التخرج المدرسية الانكليزية للاعدادية المستعملة من قبل مدراء المدارس, وعملهن مختلف, وكذلك تكرارهن مختلف.تهدف هذه الدراسة الى : تحديد وتحليل افعال كلام سيرل الخمسة (التاكيد, الطلب, الالتزام, التعبير, العلن) تداوليا في بعض خطب التخرج الانكليزية المدرسية الاعدادية المختارة المنطوقة من قبل المدراء وايجاد انواع افعال الكلام الاكثر استعمالا في هذه الخطب وماهي الصيغ المستعملة فيها. هذا وقد بنيت هذه الدراسة على الفرضيات الاتية : 1. افعال كلام الطلب هي اكثر انواع افعال الكلام استعمالا في خطب التخرج المدرسية.2. افعال كلام التاكيد والعلن في الخطب المدرسية دائما يعبر عنها بجمل خبرية.3. افعال كلام الطلب في بعض الاحيان يمكن الاشارة اليها بتراكيب خبرية او تراكيب امرية.صحة الفرضيات اعلاة تم فحصها طبقا للاجراءات التالية : 1. القيام باستطلاع تداولي مركزا على المفاهيم الاساسية.2. القيام باستطلاع عن المدارس والخطب المستعملة في المدارس.3. تحديد وتحليل انواع افعال الكلام المستعملة في خطب التخرج المدرسية اللاعدادية.البيانات المجمعة تتالف من (5) خطب محتوية على (84) مثال محلل. باستخدام نظرية سيرل (1969) هذه الدراسة توصلت الى الاستنتاجات التالية : 1. اكثر انواع افعال الكلام المستعملة في الخطب المدرسية هي افعال كلام الطلب.2. افعال كلام التاكيد والعلن دائما يتم التعبير عنها بتراكيب خبرية.3. افعال كلام الطلب يمكن التعبير عنها في بعض الاحيان بتراكيب امرية لكن في اغلب الاحيان يمكن التعبير عنها بتركيب امرية.4. مدراء المدارس يستعملون كل انواع افعال الكلام في خطب التخرج المدرسية للاعدادية, لكن بشكل غير متساوي.5. مدراء المدارس يستعملون افعال كلام التاكيد في خطاباتهم ليثبتو مصداقية مايقولونه, بينما افعال كلام الالتزام تلزم مدراء المدارس بالقيام بافعال مستقبلية.6. افعال كلام العلن يمكن ان تستعمل لاعلان شي ما. افعال كلام التعبير يمكن ان تستعمل من قبل المدير للترحيب بشخص ما, او لشكر شخص ما او لتهنئة الطلاب وعوائلهم لنجاحهم.7. مدراء المدارس يستعملون افعال كلام الطلب لدرجة كبيرة لتوجية الطلاب للقيام او التصرف بطريقة محددة. المدير يمكن ان يطلب ويامر وينصح الطلاب ...الخ. وفي ضوء ايجاد اجوبة ومعلومات كافية عن هذه الفرضيات، تعرض بعض التوصيات والمقترحات لبحوث اخرى ضمن هذا المجال. | School principals use different types of speech acts to achieve different academic and educational purposes like, directing, declaring, correcting attitudes of the students, participating others' thoughts and ideas, etc. But the problem is that the five types of speech acts are not equally used in the English high school graduation speeches that are used by school principals, their function as well as their frequency is different.This study aims at : identifying and analyzing the use of Searle's five types of speech acts (assertives, commessives, directives, declaratives and expressives) pragmatically in some selected English high school graduation speeches that are spoken by principals and finding out which types of speech acts that are mostly used in these speeches and what are the forms therein.This study is based on the following hypotheses : 1. Directive speech acts are mostly used in high school graduation speeches.2. The speech acts of assertives, and declaratives in high school graduation speeches are always expressed throughout declarative sentences.3. The speech acts of directives are sometimes realized by declarative and imperative sentences.The validity of the hypotheses above has been tested according to the following procedures : 1. Presenting a survey of pragmatics by focusing on its basic concepts.2. Presenting a survey of schools and the types of speeches used in schools.3. Identifying and analyzing the types of speech acts used in high school graduation speeches by adopting Searle (1969) model of speech acts.The collected data consist of five speeches containing 84 analyzed examples. By adopting Seale's (1969), this study has led to the following conclusions : 1. The mostly used type of speech acts in school graduation speeches is directive.2. Assertives and declaratives are always expressed through declarative sentences.3. Directives are sometimes realized by declarative but mostly by imperative sentences.4. School principals use all the five types of speech acts in high school graduation speeches, but not equally.5. Principals use assertives in their speeches to commit themselves to the truth of what they say, while in commissives principals commit themselves to a future action.6. Declarations can be used to declare something. Expressives are used by principals to welcome somebody, to thank somebody or to congratulate the students and their families for their success.7. Principals use directives to a great extent to direct the students to do or react in a certain way. The principal may request, order, advise etc the students.In view of finding answers and enough information for these hypotheses, some recommendations and suggestions are made for further research

الثقافة من خلال الواقعية السحرية في روايات مختارة لايزابيل اللندي == Culture through Magical Realism in Selected Novels by Isabel Allende

اسم المؤلف: الق ضياء الدين عبد الجبار
اسم المشرف: ازهار نوري فجر
الموضوع العام: اللغات الاجنبية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الانكليزية - الادب
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تمتاز الثقافة بظهورها الملحوظ في الكثير من الدراسات الادبية والانثربولوجية؛ التي تؤدي وظائف متعددة، منها ما هو تفسيرية واخرى انتقادية بحسب طبيعة الحقبة المراد دراستها. ولما طالت التغيرات الهائلة في مختلف الميادين بعد الحربين العالميتين، فان الثقافة تبعا لذلك ستكون متغيرة ومختلفة. وبناء على ما تقدم، فقد تخلخل مفهوم الثقافة، وذلك من خلال تدهور مكانة الثقافات للبلدان الاقل تطورا، وعلى اثر ذلك، فقد تغيرت زوايا النظر لهذا لمفهوم، بحسب طبيعة المجتمعات التي تنتج هذه الثقافة. ولعل من الظواهر الجوهرية لهذه التغيرات الثقافية في العالم هو الاهتمام المفاجئ في الادب الاميركي اللاتيني والذي شكل بدوره قفزة نوعية في الاهتمام بقضية المفاهيم الثقافية، اذ شكل التقدم التكنولوجي لهذه البلدان تباينا ثقافيا واجتماعيا ملحوظا بينها وبين البلاد الاخرى، بمعنى اخر تم تسمية هذه البلاد ومعاملتهم كانهم "اخرين." ولهذا السبب فقد تم توظيف مفهوم "الاخر" لغاياتري شاكرافورتي سبيفاك. بالاضافة الى ذلك، تعد التقنية الادبية للواقعية السحرية الوسيلة الاساسية المستخدمة في اظهار الاهداف المتعددة التي يناقشها هذا النوع من الادب. وهذا يرجع الى التشابه بين طبيعة هذه التقنية وطبيعة الثقافات. بصورة عامة، تنقسم الدراسة على اربعة فصول وخاتمة. تناول الفصل الاول اربعة مباحث، حيث تضمن المبحث الاول دراسة السيرة الذاتية للروائية. اما المبحث الثاني، فقد استعرض دراسات ما بعد الاستعمار والتي تتضمن مفهوم سبيفاك. فيما اقتصر المبحث الثالث على تناول مفهوم الثقافة الحديثة والمعاصرة. بينمراكز المبحث الرابع بصورة اساسية على مصطلح الواقعية السحرية وكيفية استغلاله في ادب المجتمعات الاقل تطورا. بينما تناولت الفصول الثلاثة التالية تحليل ثلاث نصوص روائية مختارة. يشرح الفصل الثاني رواية اللندي الاولى بيت الارواح التي ضمت الاطر الثقافية للمجتمع التشيلي من خلال تتبع عناصر الواقعية السحرية في مستعرضة بصورة محورية من خلال شخصية كلارا. تتوالى القصة على ثلاثة اجيال والتي يتم من خلالها عرض ثقافة ايزابيل اللندي الام. واكتفى الفصل الثالث بدراسة رواية ايزابيل اللندي الافتتاحية الواقعية السحرية للشباب والبالغين، مدينة الاشباح. حيث يتناول هذا الكتاب الاول من السلسلة الثلاثية ثقافة الهنود الاصليين والذي يعتبر مجتمع اقلية اخرى. وتقدم هذه الرواية شبكة مثيرة من عناصر الواقعية السحرية والتي بدورها تبرز اهمية هذه الثقافة امام المؤثرات الغربية الدخيلة. وتصبح محاولة الكاتبة في الدفاع عن هذه الثقافات اكثر تجليا في هذه المغامرة. اما الكتاب الثاني من الثلاثية الروائية، مملكة التنين الذهبي، يقدم لنا مغامرة اخرى والذي شكل الفصل الرابع. وتتضح فكرة تجوال نادية واليكس وامتلاكهم للقدرات الخارقة للطبيعة اكثر في هذه الرواية. ولكن هذه المرة، ثقافة الهمالايا هي المدروسة من خلال التركيز على عناصر الواقعية السحرية وكذلك ابراز اهمية هذه الثقافة امام القوى الاكثر هيمنة. وتختم هذه الرسالة بذكر بعض النتائج الهامة في الاستنتاج | Though the concept of culture has a noteworthy existence in many anthropological and literary studies, yet in each study it delineates a certain function, either explanatory or critical mainly contingent on the main drive of the probe. The postmodern era and after, to a specific regard, represents a good soil for studying culture due to the drastic changes in all arenas after the two World Wars. Most notably, the rushing spread of globalization contributed much to the disturbance of the chief position of culture, on one hand, and the demise of the cultures of the less developed countries on the other. What complicates the matter even further is that this stance has affected the way these societies are considered. This, in general, denotes the main drive behind this study. Among the core manifestations of the wave of global changes is the sudden literary interest in Latin American literature - most important to this study that has shown much concern to the cultural aspects. Mainly, the technological advance of certain countries has depreciated the Latin American and other's cultural and societal entities. In other words, they have been labeled and treated as Others. Hence, this study has applied Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak's the concept of subaltern in approaching these cultures. In addition, magical realism is the principal means invested in manifesting the multiple objectives that this kind of literature tackles. This is due to the similarity between the nature of this technique and the nature of these cultures. This thesis is divided into four chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter familiarizes the keywords in the title being specified a section each. The first section introduces a brief overview of the novelist's biography. The second investigates the postcolonial studies among which Spivak's concept is given a considerable room. Moreover, it provides the cornerstone for tackling the concept of culture as a whole. The third section stretches what has already been presented about the concept of culture in the modern and contemporary sense. While the fourth section centers predominantly on the term of magical realism and its exploitation in the literature of less advanced societies. The following three chapters deal with analyzing the three selected texts. The second chapter attests the cultural frame of the Chilean society through tracing the magical realist elements, mainly verified by Clara in The House of the Spirits. The story goes along three generations, which offers a good challenge for exhibiting Allende's native culture. The third chapter surveys Isabel Allende's debut young - adult, magical realist novel, City of the Beasts. This first book of the trilogy tackles the culture of the native Indians, another minority society. It introduces a thrilling web of magical realist elements that projects this culture against the outside Western influences. Allende's attempt of defending these cultures becomes recognizable in this adventure. The fourth chapter presents another adventure in the second book of the trilogy. Alex and Nadia's journeying and signs of supernatural capacities finds more evidence in this text. However, this time, the Himalayan culture is investigated through the tactics of magical realism with concentrating on featuring the importance of this culture as opposed to the more authoritative ones. The thesis closes with mentioning some fundamental points in the conclusion.

توظيف التراث لاحياء الروح القومية : دراسة في قصائد مختارة لسايمون جي اورتيز وسميح القاسم == THE EMPLOYMENT OF FOLKLORE TO REVIVE THE NATIONAL SPIRIT : A STUDY IN SELECTED POEMS BY SIMON J. OTRIZ AND SAMIH AL - QASIM

اسم المؤلف: الاء علي محمود
اسم المشرف: سعد نجم عبد عباس الخفاجي
الموضوع العام: اللغات الاجنبية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الانكليزية - الادب
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الفلكلور هو مصطلح صاغه اول مرة ويليام جون ثومس عام 1846 . هنالك ثلاثة انواع رئيسة للفلكلور هي : الفلكلور اللفظي كالحكايات الشعبية, والخرافات, والاغاني الشعبية, والقصص القديمة. الفلكلور المادي كالاطعمة, والورق المزخرف, والمباني. الفلكلور العرفي ويشمل الاحتفالات, والاعراس, والمراسيم الدينية , لذلك من الممكن وصف الفلكلور بانه المعرفة التقليدية للثقافة. اصبح الفلكلور في الاونة الاخيرة يغطي معنى اوسع من ذي قبل, فهو يعبر عن هوية الشعوب , كما انه يعزز وجودها بوصفها دولا مستقلة . يرتبط الفلكلور بالادب ارتباطا وثيقا. فقد زادت الحروب والمجازر والمجاعات والنزوح والهجرة على نطاق واسع في العصر الحديث, مما جعل عددا من الشعراء المعاصرين ك(سايمون جي اورتيز) و(سميح القاسم) ياخذون على عاتقهم مسؤولية احياء الروح القومية في داخل الجيل الشاب بتوظيف عناصر الفلكلور في شعرهم . ان الحياة التقليدية البسيطة لسكان امريكا الاصليين محيت منذ وصول كريستوفر كولومبوس عام 1492. اذ مثل وصوله مرحلة ما بعد الاستعمار مع ما تحمله من ابادة جماعية , وتفكك وترحيل للسكان الاصليين . الذين عانوا بشدة من فقدان هويتهم وبهذا ظهرت (حركة النهضة لسكان امريكا الاصليين) التي من شعراءها ان سكوت مومادي, ولزلي مورمان سيلكو, وجوي هارجو, وسايمون جي اورتيز وغيرهم . اذ حاولوا جميعهم الحفاظ على هوية سكان امريكا الاصليين. اذ ان قيمهم وتقاليدهم لاتقدر بثمن اليهم. كما اعادوا احياء جذورهم وثقافتهم ليثبتوا للعالم بانهم امة لها تاريخ. سايمون اورتيز(ولد 27 مايو , 1941) هو واحد من اكثر شعراء سكان امريكا الاصليين واوسعهم انتشارا.اذ ان كتاباته تركز على الحياة اليومية لسكان امريكا الاصليين بما في ذلك ارضهم, وقصصهم, وتقاليدهم, واغانيهم, ومراسيمهم الدينية; فضلا عن مقاومتهم وصراعهم من اجل البقاء على قيد الحياة . فقد كتب عددا من المجموعات الشعرية ك(الذهاب للمطر),( رحلة جيدة) ,( هنالك في مكان ما),( من ساند كريك),(قاوم : من اجل الشعب, من اجل الارض) .كما ان ديوانه ,( الحجرة المحاكة ), غني بفلكلور سكان امريكا الاصليين ,اذ يبين هذا الديوان دور اورتيز في تنشيط شعر سكان امريكا الاصليين على عدد من المستويات القبلية والوطنية والعالمية. حيث يعطي اورتيز صوتا للشعب الذي لاصوت له. كما اعاد احياء هوية سكان امريكا الاصليين مستخدما تقنية السرد القصصي. لقد مر الفلسطينيون بظروف مماثلة لظروف سكان امريكا الاصليين وعانوا كثيرا منذ الاحتلال الااسرائيلي عام 1948. وما يزال الصراع الفلسطيني - الاسرائيلي مسالة مثيرة للجدل في العالم كله. حيث ظهر في هذا الوقت عددا من الشعراء الفلسطينيين ك(محمود درويش),(فدوى طوقان) و(سميح القاسم) الذين حاولوا تاكيد الهوية الفلسطينية مستخدمين انجازاتهم الادبية القومية. يعد سميح القاسم احد ابرز شعراء المقاومة الفلسطينية ,فقد اعتمد على الفلكلور بشكل كبير ليعكس معاناة الفلسطينيين والنضال من اجل وطنهم ولاحياء روحهم القومية. فهو يستخدم التراث لالهام الحاضر,اذ ان لديه عقلا ثوريا الهم اجيالا من الشعراء بما نشر من مجموعات شعرية ك(مواكب الشمس),( اغاني الدروب),( دمي على كتفي),( دخان البراكين),( سقوط الاقنعة )وغيرها. لقد اعتمد القاسم في مجموعاته الشعرية على القصص الشعبية, والاساطير, والخرافات, والاغاني, والحكايات الشعبية, بشكل كبير, اذ وظف الفلكلور لاحياء الروح الوطنية وتحفيز الفلسطينيين لاستذكار تراثهم واستعادة هويتهم المفقودة. تتالف هذة الدراسة من ثلاثة فصول وخاتمة. يشتمل الفصل الاول على ثلاثة مباحث : المبحث الاول هو مقدمة عن معنى الفلكلور بما في ذلك اصله وانواعه وتعريفه ووظيفته . ويركز المبحث الثاني على العلاقة الوثيقة بين الفلكلور والادب على مر العصور . اما المبحث الثالث فيتناول حياة سكان امريكا الاصليين في فترة قبل الاتستعمار وبعده.يضم الفصل الثاني اربعة مباحث : فيتناول المبحث الاول حياة اورتيز وتاثيراتها عليه. كما ويهتم المبحث الثاني باللغة والمسؤولية والطبيعة بوصفهراكائز اساسية في شعره.ويتناول المبحث الثالث طبيعة اعماله الادبية بصورة عامة. اما المبحث الرابع فيبين كيف قام اورتيز بتوظيف فلكلور سكان امريكا الاصليين بما في ذلك قصصهم القديمة وخرافاتهم واغانيهم ورحلاتهم وتقاليدهم .ويشمل ايضا المقاومة المستمرة لسكان امريكا الاصليين .اما الفصل الثالث يحتوي على اربعة مباحث ايضا : يتمثل الاول بمقدمة عن القضية الفلسطينية. ويناقش الثاني توظيف الفلكلور في الشعر الفلسطيني الحديث. في حين يتحدث الثالث عن سميح القاسم,الانسان والشاعر.ويوضح القسم الرابع كيف وظف القاسم الفلكلور في شعره بما في ذلك التراث الاسطوري والديني والتاريخي والادبي .وتحاول الخاتمة ربط النهايات السائبه وتلخيص النتائج التي توصلت اليها الدراسة. | Folklore is a term that was firstly coined by William John Thoms in 1846. The three main genres of folklore are verbal folklore as folk tales, myths, folk songs, and old stories; and material folklore like food, paper ornaments, and buildings; and customary folklore such as celebrations, weddings, and ceremonies. Therefore, folklore can be described as the traditional knowledge of culture. In recent times, folklore covers wider meaning than before. It reflects the identity of the nations. It also strengthens their presence as independent countries. Folklore and literature are closely related to each other throughout ages. In modern times, wars, massacres, famine, displacement, and migration have increased widely. So, some modern poets, such as Simon J. Ortiz and Samih Al - Qasim, take the responsibility of reviving the national spirit among the young generation by employing folkloric elements in their poetry.The traditional and simple life of the Native Americans was crushed by the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492. His arrival represented the beginning of the post - colonial period with its genocides, dislocation, and removal of the indigenous people. They had deeply suffered from the loss of their identity. That long struggle culminated in the appearance of the Native American Renaissance Movement. The poets of this movement are N. Scott Momaday, Leslie Marmon Silko, Joy Harjo, Simon J. Ortiz, and others. They endeavor to keep the native Americans̓ identity alive. Native American values and traditions are very precious for them. They clutch their roots and culture to prove to the world that they belong to a nation with history.Simon J. Ortiz (born 27 May 1941) is one of the most widely read native American poets. His writings focus on the daily life of the native Americans; including their land, stories, traditions, songs, ceremonies, and their resistance and survival. He has written many collections of poetry as Going for the Rain, A Good Journey, Out There Somewhere, From Sand Creek, and Fight Back : For the Sake of the People, for the Sake of the Land. His volume, Woven Stone, is rich in Native American Folklore. This volume shows Ortiz's role in invigorating Native American poetry on a number of tribal, national and global levels. He gives a voice to the voiceless people and sets out to revive the Native American identity through the technique of storytelling as well. Palestinians have also gone through similar conditions of those of the Native Americans. They suffered a lot since the Israeli occupation in 1948. The Palestinian - Israeli conflict is still a controversial issue to the whole world. At this time, Poetry of Resistance emerged by several Palestinian poets as Mahmoud Darwish, Fadwa Tuqan and Samih Al - Qassim who try to safeguard the Palestinian identity through their national literary achievements.Samih Al - Qassim (1939 - 2014) is one of the main Resistance Palestinian poets. He depends heavily on folklore as a tool to reflect the Palestinians' suffering and struggle for their homeland and to revive the national spirit. He uses the past to inspire the present. He has a revolutionary mind which has inspired generations of poets. He produced important collections of poetry such as Processions of Sun, Songs of Routes, My blood on My Shoulder, Smoke of Volcanoes, The Fall of the Masks and many others. His collections based on many folkloric stories, legends, myths, songs, and folk tales. He employs folklore to revive the national spirit and motivate the Palestinians to recall their heritage and restore their lost identity. The present study falls into three chapters and a conclusion. Chapter one is divided into three sections : section one is an introduction to the meaning of folklore; including its origin, genres, definition, and function. Section two focuses on the close relation between folklore and literature throughout ages. Section three deals with the Native Americans’ Pre and Post - colonial period. Chapter two consists of four sections : section one is devoted to Ortiz’s life and the influences on him. Section two concerns language, responsibility and landscape as main pillars in the poetry of Ortiz. Section three deals with the nature of his literary works in general Section four shows how Ortiz employs the Native American folklore; including old stories, myths, songs, journey and traditions. It also displays the continuance resistance of the native Americans. Chapter three has four sections also. Section one is an introduction to the Palestinian Case. Section two discusses the employment of folklore in modern Palestinian poetry. Section three is about Samih Al - Qassim, the man and the poet. The last section traces Al - Qassim’s employment of folklore in his poetry; including legendary, religious, historical, and literary heritage. The conclusion tries to tie up the loose ends and sums up the findings of this study.

اثر استراتيجيتي العصف الكتابي والجدول الذاتي في تحصيل مادة التاريخ وتنمية التفكير الابداعي عند طلاب الصف الخامس الادبي == The Effect of Brain - Writing and Self - schedule On Assimilating The Subject of History And Developing Creative Thinking In The Fifth - Stage Students / literary Branch

اسم المؤلف: مجيد حميد ابراهيم الحديدي
اسم المشرف: بشرى حسن مذكور | داود سلمان الزبيدي
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: طرائق تدريس التاريخ
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يرمي هذا البحث الى التعرف على (اثر استراتيجيتي العصف الكتابي والجدول الذاتي في تحصيل مادة التاريخ وتنمية التفكير الابداعي عند طلاب الصف الخامس الادبي). وللتثبت من هدف البحث وضع الباحث الفرضيات الصفرية الاتية : 1 - لايوجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين متوسط درجات طلاب المجموعات الثلاث التجريبية الاولى والتي تدرس مادة التاريخ باستراتيجية(العصف الكتابي),والتجريبية الثانية والتي تدرس مادة التاريخ باستراتيجية(الجدول الذاتي),والمجموعة الضابطة التي تدرس المادة نفسها على وفق الطريقة التقليدية في الاختبار التحصيلي . 2 - لايوجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين متوسط درجات طلاب المجموعات الثلاث التجريبية الاولى والتي تدرس مادة التاريخ باستراتيجية(العصف الكتابي),والتجريبية الثانية والتي تدرس مادة التاريخ باستراتيجية(الجدول الذاتي),والمجموعة الضابطة التي تدرس المادة نفسها على وفق الطريقة التقليدية في اختبار تنمية التفكير الابداعي . ولتحقيق هدف البحث وفرضياته, اتبع الباحث تصميما تجريبيا من نوع التصميم ذات الضبط الجزئي, وتكون مجتمع البحث من طلاب الصف الخامس الادبي اللذين يدرسون مادة تاريخ اوربا وامريكا الحديث والمعاصر في المدارس الثانوية والاعدادية ضمن المدارس النهارية للبنين التابعين الى المديريات العامة لتربية بغداد,اماعينة الدراسة فكانت(113) طالبا من طلاب الصف الخامس الادبي في ثلاث شعب بعد استبعاد الطلاب الراسبين وبواقع (37) طالبا للمجموعة التجريبية الاولى (38) طالبا للمجموعة التجريبية الثانية و(38) طالبا للمجموعة الضابطة تم اختيرتهم عشوائيا من اعدادية سهل بن سعد الساعدي للبنين، التابعة الى مديرية تربية الرصافة/ الثالثة للعام الدراسي(2014 - 2015).كوفئت المجموعات الثلاث في المتغيرات الاتية : ا. درجات اختبار الذكاء. ب. العمر الزمني للطلاب محسوبا بالشهور. ج.التحصيل الدراسي للاباء. د.التحصيل الدراسي للامهات. هـ.درجات اختبار تحصيل المعلومات السابقة. و.اختبار التفكير الابداعي(القبلي). وفي ضوء الاهمية النسبية للمحتوى والاهداف السلوكية، جرى بناء اختبار تحصيلي من (60) فقرة (47) فقرة من نوع الفقرات الموضوعية(الاختيار من متعدد) و(13) فقرة من نوع الفقرات المقالية، واختبار لقياس التنمية المتحققة للتفكير الابداعي مكونا من (قسمين) لغرض التحقق من حصول التنمية في التفكير الابداعي. وقد تحقق الباحث من خصائص الاختبارين السيكومترية، ومن صلاحية فقراتهما بعرضها على مجموعة من المحكمين، وتم اعتماد مقياس جاهز للتفكير الابداعي ( لبول تورنس) بعد ان تم التاكد من صدقه وثباته، ثم اجرى اختبارا قبليا للتفكير الابداعي للمجموعات الثلاث. - المجموعة التجريبية الاولى : جرى تدريسها على وفق استراتيجية العصف الكتابي. - المجموعة التجريبية الثانية : جرى تدريسها على وفق استراتيجية الجدول الذاتي. - المجموعة الضابطة : درست على وفق الطريقة التقليدية. استمر تطبيق التجربة عاما دراسيا كاملا، وفي نهاية التجربة طبق الاختبار التحصيلي واختبار التفكير الابداعي البعدي للمجموعات الثلاث. .بعد ذلك حللت النتائج واظهرت المعالجات الاحصائية باستعمال الوسائل الاحصائية وكانت النتائج كالاتي : 1 - عدم وجود فرق ذي دلالة احصائية بين المجموعتين التجريبيتين الاولى والثانية في الاختبار التحصيلي وتنمية التفكير الابداعي. 2 - وجود فرق ذي دلالة احصائية بين المجموعة التجريبية الاولى والمجموعة الضابطة في الاختبار التحصيلي وتنمية التفكير الابداعي ولصالح المجموعة التجريبية الاولى . 3 - وجود فرق ذي دلالة احصائية بين المجموعة التجريبية الثانية والمجموعة الضابطة في الاختبار التحصيلي وتنمية التفكير الابداعي ولصالح المجموعة التجريبية الثانية. في ضوء النتائج التي اسفر عنها البحث ، توصل الباحث الى الاستنتاجات الاتية : 1 - امكانية تطبيق استراتيجيتي العصف الكتابي والجدول الذاتي في تدريس مادة تاريخ اوربا وامريكا الحديث والمعاصر المقرر لطلاب الصف الخامس الادبي.2 - ان استراتيجيتي العصف الكتابي والجدول الذاتي تسهما على نحو ايجابي في زيادة التحصيل وتنمية التفكير الابداعي لدى طلاب الصف الخامس الادبي. وتم في ضوء النتائج والاستنتاجات هذا البحث صوغ عدد من التوصيات واهمها : 1 - اقامة دورات تدريبية وتطويرية وتاهيلية من قبل وزارة التربية للمدرسين والمدرسات في اثناء الخدمة للتدريب على استعمال استراتيجيتي العصف الكتابي والجدول الذاتي عند تدريس مادة التاريخ في المرحلة الاعدادية لما لهما من اهمية في زيادة التحصيل وتنمية مهارات التفكير الابداعي .2 - دعوة مشرفي اختصاص التاريخ الى التركيز عند تقويم المدرسين على مدى اهتمام المدرسين باستعمال استراتيجيات حديثة, وتنمية مهارات التفكير الابداعي.المقترحات : - في ضوء نتائج البحث يقترح الباحث ما ياتي : - اجراء دراسات مماثلة : 1 - على مراحل وصفوف دراسية اخرى، وعلى كلا الجنسين، لمعرفة اثر استراتيجيتي العصف الكتابي والجدول الذاتي في تنمية التفكير الناقد في مادة التاريخ.2 - تقيس اثر استراتيجيتي العصف الكتابي والجدول الذاتي في متغيرات اخرى مثل الاتجاه او الدافعية نحو مادة التاريخ وتنمية التفكير الابتكاري | The current research aim at knowing the effect of strategy Brain - Writing of self - schedule on the assimilation of the history subject and development of creative intellectuality in fifth - stage students/ Literary branch. For proving the goals of the research, the researcher has placed Zero hypotheses hereunder : 1 - There are not statistic differences between averages of the 1st three experimental groups' student grades studying the subject of history by strategy of Book, other experimental group studying the history by depending on strategy of self - schedule and control group studying the same subject according to the traditional method in test. 2 - There are not statistic differences between averages of the 1st three experimental groups' student grades studying the subject of history by strategy of Book, other experimental group studying the history by depending on strategy of self - schedule and control group studying the same subject according to the traditional method in creative intellectuality development.. 3 - There are not statistic differences between averages of the 1st three experimental groups' student grades studying the subject of history by strategy of Book, other experimental group studying the history by depending on strategy of self - schedule and control group studying the same subject according to the traditional method in testing creative intellectuality development(pre - and post - test) The researcher has followed an experimental design of partial control and the sample composes of 113 students of fifth - stage / literary branch in three sections after getting away failed students. The first experimental group includes 37 student , second experimental group includes 38 student and the control group includes 38 student ; the students have been randomly chosen from Sahil Bin Saad Al - Saadi secondary school related to 3rd Rusafa education directorate for the academic year 2014 - 2015. Three groups have been measured with the following variables a - Intelligence testing b - age of the students multiplied with months , c - Father's education qualification d - Mother's education qualification e - grades of test of former information f - creative intellectuality pre - test In the light of the importance of behavior goals , it has built a test composing of 60 items and 47 items of objective questions ( multi - tests), and 13 items of essay questions; besides , test of achieved development of creative intellectuality as to carry out the development in the creative thinking. The researcher has proved some aspects of two former tests in respect to its validity items by exposing them to a set of experts . it has been depended on ready scale for creative thinking ( for Mr. Kher Allah) after proving its consistency and validity . it has been carried out pre - test for three groups : - 1st experimental group : being studied with strategy of Brain - Writing. - 2nd experimental group : being studied with self - schedule - Control group studied with the traditional method. The experiment has been continuously applied for one academic year and by the end of experiment , it has been applied post - test of creative thinking for three groups. After that the results analyzed and appeared statistic processing by using statistic means. Results are listed hereunder : 1 - There is not statistic difference between the 1st and 2nd groups in test of creative thinking development. 2 - There is statistic difference between the 1st experimental group and control group in test of creative thinking development and for the benefit of experimental group. 3 - There is statistic difference between the 2nd experimental group and control group in test of creative thinking development and for the benefit of 2nd experimental group.In the light of results , the researcher has concluded the following : 1 - The possibility of applying strategy of Brain - Writing and self - schedule on studying the modern and contemporary history of Europe and America for fifth - stage students. 2 - The strategy of Brain - Writing and self - schedule contribute into increasing the assimilation and development of creative thinking for fifth - stage students. The researcher has placed a set of recommendations : 1 - Establishing training , rehabilitation and development courses by the ministry of education to teachers ( both genders) on how to use the strategy mentioned above when teaching the history in the secondary schools. This has a great impact on increasing the understanding and assimilation and development of creative thinking skills as well. 2 - Inviting supervisors of history to focus on rectifying the teachers by using modern strategies as to develop creative thinking skills. The suggestions : The researcher has suggested the following : 1 - Making study on other classes ( both genders) to know the effect of the over mentioned strategy on developing critic thinking in the subject of history. 2 - Measuring the effect of aforesaid strategy on other variables just like motivation toward the subject of history and creative thinking development.

بناء دليل لتعليم اللغة العربية للصف الرابع الابتدائي == Guide Building For Arabic Language Teaching For Fourth Grade

اسم المؤلف: ليلى كاظم سبهان حسين
اسم المشرف: سعد علي زاير المسعراوي | حيدر عبد الزهرة التميمي
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2016
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة في جامعة بغداد ـ كلية التربية / ابن رشد للعلوم الانسانية، واستهدفت بناء دليل لتعليم اللغة العربية للصف الرابع الابتدائي. اختارت الباحثة هذه الدراسة، لعدم توافر دليل للمعلم، وتحديدا للصف الرابع الابتدائي، بعد مراجعة مديرية المناهج، ولما لهذه المرحلة من اهمية في التعليم، اذ انها الاساس التكويني في شخصية المتعلم.واختارت الباحثة مجتمع بحثها بمنهج اللغة العربية المقرر لتلامذة الصف الرابع الابتدائي، ويضم كتابين، هما : 1 - القراءة العربية.2 - قواعد اللغة العربية. واشتمل الدليل على مفردات منهج القراءة العربية المقرر تدريسها لتلامذة الصف الرابع الابتدائي للعام الدراسي (2014 - 2015)، وقد بلغ عدد الموضوعات (46) موضوعا، ومفردات منهج قواعد اللغة العربية المقرر تدريسها لتلامذة الصف الرابع الابتدائي، وقد بلغ (16) موضوعا. ولعدم توافر اداة جاهزة وملائمة لجمع المعلومات، تتلاءم واغراض البحث الحالي واهدافه؛ فقد اعتمدت الباحثة على عدد من الادلة التي بنيت في دول عربية اخرى. والدليل مقسم على قسمين الاول خاص بقواعد اللغة العربية والاخر خاص بالقراءة العربية. وكانت خطوات بناء الدليل كالاتي : 1ـ اهداف الدليل، وهي تنقسم على (الاهداف العامة للمرحلة الابتدائية من تعليم القراءة وقواعد اللغة العربية، والاهداف الخاصة، والاهداف السلوكية). 2ـ محتوى الدليل. 3ـ الطرائق التدريسية. 4ـ الوسائل التعليمية. 5ـ النشاطات التعليمية. 6ـ التقويم.وكانت لغة الدليل المستعملة في تنفيذ برنامج اللغة العربية الفصحى بالصيغ التي تلائم ومستوى التلامذة. وعرض الدليل على مجموعة من الخبراء والمتخصصين في اللغة العربية ومناهجها وطرائق تدريسها، لغرض التثبت من صدقه.وفي ضوء الاستنتاجات وضعت الباحثة عددا من التوصيات، منها : - تشكيل لجنة في وزارة التربية لاعداد دليل لكل مادة دراسية مقررة. - اقامة دورات تنشيطية لمعلمي اللغة العربية؛ لتعرف الدليل والية استعماله . - ضرورة اعادة تاليف الكتب المدرسية، لتكون بصورة تتلاءم مع اعمار التلاميذ. واقترحت الباحثة اجراء الدراسات الاتية : - تجريب الدليل في تعليم اللغة العربية لتلامذة الصف الرابع الابتدائي؛ لتعرف فاعليته. - اجراء دراسة مماثلة لبناء دليل في مادة اللغة العربية لصفوف دراسية اخرى. | The study was conducted at the University of Baghdad College of Education / Ibn Rushd for Sciences humanity, aimed at building a guide to teach Arabic for fourth grade primary.Researcher of the study and chose it for the lack of a teacher's guide, at this stage, specifically the fourth primary grade, and because of this phase of the importance of education, since it is basically formative in the personality of the learner.And it chose the researcher community discussed the methodology of the Arabic language due to the students of the fourth grade and includes two books, namely : - Arabic Reading. - Arabic Grammar. And it included evidence of the vocabulary of Arabic reading assessments for students in the fourth grade curriculum for the academic year (2014 - 2015), the number of subjects was (46) subject, and vocabulary of the Arabic language curriculum assessments for students fourth grade rules has reached (17) theme. Given the lack of ready and convenient tool for gathering information adapted to the purposes and objectives of the current research has found a number of leads that were built in other Arab countries adopted a researcher. The directory is divided on the first two special rules of the Arabic language.The steps to build a directory as follows : 1. Targets Guide They are divided into (general goals for the primary stage of reading and grammar of the Arabic language teaching, and objectives).2. Directory content.3. Methods of teaching.4. Teaching aids.5. Educational activities.6 Evaluating. The evidence used in the implementation of the language of classical Arabic language program formats that are appropriate to the level of the students. It was presented evidence of the group of experts and specialists in the Arabic language and curriculum and methods of teaching for the purpose of obtaining his sincerity. In light of the findings the researcher recommended a number of recommendations including : - Formation of a committee in the Ministry of Education to study and prepare a guide each subject scheduled. - The establishment of refresher courses for teachers of Arabic language to know the evidence and use. - The need to re - authored textbooks in order to fit with the reconstruction of the students. The Researcher suggested the researcher conducting the following studies : - Workout Guide in teaching Arabic to students fourth grade to know its effectiveness. - Conducting a similar study to build a guide in Arabic language other scholarships to the ranks

اثر استعمال الصور التركيبية في اكساب المفاهيم النحوية عند طلاب الصف الاول المتوسط == The Impact of Structural Images in the Acquisition of syntactic concepts of first Intermediate class Students

اسم المؤلف: كاطع صالح طراد الحسناوي
اسم المشرف: رقية عبد الائمة عبد الله العبيدي
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2016
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يرمى هذا البحث تعرف اثر استعمال الصور التركيبية في اكساب المفاهيم النحوية عند طلاب الصف الاول المتوسط . ولتحقيق مرمى البحث اعتمد الباحث تصميما تجريبيا ذا ضبط جزئي ، هو تصميم المجموعة الضابطة مع اختبار بعدي فقط. اشتملت عينة البحث على (62 ) طالبا من طلاب الصف الاول المتوسط في متوسطة حمورابي للبنين في حي الجزائر ، التابعة الى مديرية تربية االقادسية ، وزعوا عشوائيا على مجموعتين ، بواقع ( 32 ) طالبا في المجموعة التجريبية ، و(30) طالبا للمجموعة الضابطة ، درس الباحث المجموعة التجريبية ، باستعمال الصور التركيبية ، ودرس المجموعة الضابطة من غير استعمال للصور التركيبية . كافا الباحث بين مجموعتي البحث في متغيرات (العمر الزمني محسوبا بالشهور ، والتحصيل الدراسي للاباء ، والتحصيل الدراسي للامهات ، ودرجات اختبار المعلومات السابقة في المفاهيم النحوية ، واختبار الذكاء ). وحاول الباحث ضبط عدد من المتغيرات الدخيلة التي اشارت المصادر والدراسات السابقة الى انها تؤثر في هذا النوع من التصاميم التجريبية ، مثل (ظروف التجربة ، والحوادث المصاحبة ، والاندثار التجريبي ، والفروق في اختيار العينة ، والعمليات المتعلقة بالنضج ، واداة القياس ، والانحدار الاحصائي ، واثر الاجراءات التجريبية ) . وبعد ان حدد الباحث المادة العلمية التي تضمنت ( 10 ) موضوعات من كتاب قواعد اللغة العربية المقرر تدريسها لطلاب الصف الاول المتوسط للعام الدراسي ( 2015 - 2016 ) في العراق ، وكذلك حدد المفاهيم النحوية ، والصور التركيبية لكل موضوع واعد الباحث دروسا انموذجية لكل موضوع من الموضوعات الخاصة بالتجربة . ثم بنى اختبارا لاكساب المفاهيم النحوية بثلاث مستويات لكل مفهوم وهي ( تعريف المفهوم ، تمييز المفهوم ، تعميم المفهوم ) فتكون اختبار اكساب المفاهيم من (66 ) فقرة ، وعرض على مجموعة من الخبراء ، لغرض التحقق من صدقه ، وطبق الاختبار على عينة استطلاعية لحساب وقت الاختبار ، والتعرف على مدى وضوح فقراته ، ولحساب الخصائص السايكومترية (القوة التميزية لفقراته ، ومعامل صعوبتها ، وفاعلية بدائلها المخطوءة ) وتم ايجاد معامل ثبات الاختبار بطريقة (الفا كرونباخ ) حيث بلغ معامل ثباته (0,87) . طبقت التجربة في الفصل الدراسي الاول من العام الدراسي (2015 - 2016 ) واستغرقت فصلا دراسيا كاملا ، بواقع حصتين لكل مجموعة التجريبية والضابطة . وبعد تطبيق الاختبار تمت معالجة البيانات احصائيا باستعمال الاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين ، فاسفرت الدراسة عن النتيجة الاتية : هناك فرق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0,05) بين متوسطي درجات طلاب مجموعتي البحث في اكساب المفاهيم النحوية ، لصالح المجموعة التجريبية . وفي ضوء النتائج اوصى الباحث بضرورة بناء مناهج نحوية جديدة ، تركز في بنائها على ترجمة القواعد النحوية الواردة في كتب النحو المقررة حاليا الى صور تركيبية ، تبرز وتؤكد على كيفية البناء التركيبي للجملة العربية.واستكمالا لهذه الدراسة : اقترح الباحث اجراء عدد من الدراسات منها : تعرف اثر استعمال الصور التركيبية في مراحل دراسية اخرى ومع اساليب ونماذج تدريسية اخرى | The Present study aims at identifying the Impact of The Impact of Structural Images in the Acquisition of syntactic concepts of first Intermediate class Students .to achieve This aim a post - test control group partial control design has been adopted . The sample of the study includes 62 male and female first class intermediate students at Hamorabi Intermediate school for boys at AL - Qadisiyah General Directorate for education ,who has been distributed into two groups (32) Students at the experimental groups and (30) student at the control group .The experimental groups has been taught by the suggested technique , while the control group has been taught by the conventional technique .The two groups have been equalized in age calculated in months , academic lend of the Fathers, academic level of the mothers , students' scores in prior knowledge in syntactic concept, and 1Q testSeveral external and internal variables that have some effect on the experimental work have been controlled such as The experimental conditions , accompanying events ,the differences in selecting the accompanying events ,the differences in selecting the sample ,maturation , the scale , statistical regression , and the effect of experimental procedures .The teaching material includes ten topics selected from the Arabic language grammar prescribed for the first class intermediate students for the academic year 2015 - 2016 in Iraq. The syntactic concepts have been identified as well as the Structural Images for each topic . lesson plans have been prepared for each experimental topics .The test of syntactic concepts acquisition has been constructed including three levels : defining the concept, discriminating the concept, discriminating the concept, and generalizing the concept. The total number of the items is 66. The test has been exposed on a number of experts to achieve its validity the test has been applied on a pilot sample to calculate the time average, identify the clarity of items, and calculate the psychometric characteristics including item difficulty level and discriminating power . Reliability coefficient has been computed by the Alpha - Cronbach method which is found to be 0. 87 . The experiment has been applied during the first semester , two lessons per week . Data gathered has been analyzed using the t - test for two independent samples Results show that there is statistically significant difference between the two groups in the acquisition of syntactic concepts, in favor of the experiment group Finally , suitable conclusions, recommendations , and suggestions have been put forward

اثـر انموذج اياس في تحصيل مادة التاريخ لدى طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط وتفكيرهم التاريخي == The Effect Of Ayas Model On Achievement Of The History Material Among Student Of The Second Intermediate Class And Their Historical Thinking

اسم المؤلف: قاسم ارزوقي قاسم حسن الزبيدي
اسم المشرف: زينب حمزة راجي
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: طرائق تدريس التاريخ
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تهدف هذه الرسالة الى معرفة اثر انموذج اياس في تحصيل مادة التاريخ لدى طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط وتفكيرهم التاريخي. ولتحقيق ذلك اختار الباحث تصميما تجريبيا ذا الضبط الجزئي لمجموعتين احدهما تجريبية والاخرى ضابطة ذات الاختيار البعدي، واختار الباحث عشوائيا عينة من طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط من متوسطة بطل خيبر للبنين التابعة للمديرية العامة للتربية في ميسان للعام الدراسي (2015 - 2016 م) . تكونت العينة من (60) طالبا بواقع (30) طالبا في المجموعة التجريبية وتمثل الشعبة (ج) التي درست باستعمال انموذج اياس و(30) طالبا من المجموعة الضابطة وتمثل الشعبة (ب) درست بالطريقة التقليدية . كافا الباحث بين مجموعتي البحث في عدة متغيرات (المعرفة السابقة، اختبار الذكاء، التحصيل الدراسي للابوين، العمر الزمني للطلاب محسوبا بالشهور، ودرجات العام السابق في مادة التاريخ) . قام الباحث بتحديد المادة العلمية التي شملت الفصل ( الاول، والثاني ) من كتاب التاريخ العربي الاسلامي المقرر تدريسه لطلبة الصف الثاني متوسط للعام الدراسي (2015 - 2016 م)وصاغ الاهداف السلوكية في ضوء الاهداف العامة اعتمادا على المستويات الثلاثة الاولى (المعرفة، والفهم، التطبيق) من المجال المعرفي لتصنيف(Bloom)، وقد بلغ عددها (169) هدفا سلوكيا، واعد خططا تدريسية للموضوعات المشمولة في مادة البحث . كما تطلب هدف البحث اعداد اداتي البحث الاولى الاختبار التحصيلي (من نوع الاختيار من متعدد)، يتكون من (40 فقرة) تم التحقق من صدقه الظاهري، واستخراج معامل الصعوبة والقوة التمييزية لفقراته، فضلا عن بيان مدى فاعلية البدائل واستخراج ثبات الاختبار بطريقة الاتساق الداخلي، اما الاداة الثانية فكانت اختبار التفكير التاريخي وتكون من (50) فقرة وتم التاكد من صعوبة الفقرات وتمييزها ومن صـدق الاختبار وثباته.ودرس الباحث مجموعتي البحث بنفسه، واستمرت التجربة الفصل الدراسي الاول اي فصلا دراسيا كاملا من العام الدراسي (2015 - 2016 م). وقد اعتمد الباحث الاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين( t.test ) في معالجة البيانات احصائيا وتم التوصل الى النتائج الاتية : - تفوق طلاب المجموعة التجريبية التي درست باستعمال انموذج اياس على المجموعة الضابطة التي درست بالطريقة التقليدية في التحصيل. - تفوق طلاب المجموعة التجريبية التي درست باستعمال انموذج اياس على المجموعة الضابطة التي درست بالطريقة التقليدية في اختبار التفكير التاريخي.واثبت الانموذج فاعليته في التحصيل واختبار التفكير التاريخي.وفي ضوء نتائج هذا البحث توصل الباحث الى عدد من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات والمقترحات | The aim of current research to know the effect The Effect Of Ayas Model On Achievement Of History Material Among Student Of The Second Intermediate Class And Their Historical Thinking. To achieve this aim, the researcher chose determined experimentally design, one experimental group and the control , and the researcher chose random sample of second grade average students from Intermediate Khyber school for Boys of the General Directorate for Education in Maysan for the academic year (2015 - 2016 AD(.The sample consisted of 60 students by 30 students in the experimental group and represents the Division (c), which studied the use of Ayas model and 30 students from the control group and represents the Division (b) studied the traditional method.Researcher equivalence between research groups in several variables (prior knowledge, IQ test, academic achievement of the parents, the chronological age of the students measured in months, and degrees of the previous year in history,). The researcher select scientific material which included a chapter (I, II) from the book of the Arab - Islamic history to be taught to students in the second grade Intermediate for the academic year (2015 - 2016 AD), Behavioral objectives formulated in the light of the general goals based on the first three levels (knowledge, comprehension, application) of the cognitive domain for the classification (Bloom), has reached number is (169) behavioral goals, and prepared plans for teaching the topics covered in the subject matter.It also the goal requests to Find prepare research instruments for the achievement test (from multiple choice), consisting of (40 items) has been verified face validity, and extraction difficult and force discriminatory coefficient items, as well as demonstrate the effectiveness of alternatives and extraction testing the stability of a way that the internal consistency The second instrument was historical test and be (50) the items of thinking has been to make sure the difficulty of items and to distinguish and test the reliability .the researcher taught tow group by himself, and continued the first semester experience of the academic year (2015 - 2016 m).Researcher used for two independent samples in the statistical data processing has been adopted as It was reached the following results : - superiority of experimental group which studied with Ayas model to the control group, who studied in the traditional method in achievement. - superiority of experimental group which studied the use of Ayas model to control group that studied the traditional method to test of historical thinking.The model also proved its effectiveness in the collection and testing historical thinking.In light of the results of this research, the researcher suggested a number of conclusions and ecommendations and proposals

مفهوم التربية الوطنية في الفكرالعربي الاسلامي : السيد حسين اسماعيل الصدر انموذجا == THE CONCEPT OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION IN THE ARAB ISLAMIC THOUGHT (MR. HUSSEIN ISMAEL AL - SADIR, A DESCENDANT OF THE PROPHET FAMILY (PBUH) , AS A MODEL )

اسم المؤلف: قاسم بلشان كاظم التميمي
اسم المشرف: مقداد اسماعيل الدباغ | عبد الحسين رزوقي الجبوري
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: اصول التربية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: لاشك ان التربية الوطنية من الموضوعات المهمة التي يجب دراستها وتعزيزها وترسيخها بين افراد المجتمع على نحوعام وفي جميع المجالات ،وذلك بعد غياب وضعف الاهتمام بهذا الموضوع ولاسيما بعد الاحداث التي شهدتها وتشهدها البلاد، وتظهر اهمية التربية الوطنية كونها تسعى لاعداد الانسان للعيش في وطنه، وتكيفه تكيفا سليما مع قوانينه، حيث تقدم للفرد المرتكزات والاسس التي تحقق ذلك، كما تعزز في الافراد حب الوطن وروح الاعتزاز والانتماء اليه، وشحذ الفكر والعاطفة، والعمل للنهوض به، وتجعل الفرد يشعر بقيمة حياته من خلال ما يقدمه لوطنه وامته، ان الدراسة الحالية تهدف الى تعرف مفهوم التربية الوطنية في الفكر العربي الاسلامي ( السيد حسين اسماعيل الصدر انموذجا ). من خلال مجموعة من كتب السيد حسين اسماعيل الصدر البالغة (170) كتابا وبعد القيام بتدقيق تلك الكتب فيما اذا تتضمن امورا تخص التربية الوطنية ، فوجد الباحث ما مجموعه (104) كتاب لها علاقة بموضوع البحث، حيث استبعدت الكتب الباقية وعددها (66) كتابا لكونها كتب دينية وفقهية صرفة ،واصبح مجموع البحث الاحصائي (104) كتابا، وبعد التشاور مع السادة المحكمين، تم اختيار(21) كتابا كعينة للبحث ، وتم تحليل محتوى تلك الكتب البالغ عددها (21) كتابا،وقد استعمل الباحث المنهج الوصفي ، وطريقة تحليل المحتوى اذ انها تحقق هدف البحث ، كذلك قام الباحث باستخراج الصدق الظاهري، الذي يعد احد جوانب صدق المحتوى ، حيث عرضت الاستبانة وقائمة القيم الوطنية التي تضمنت (40) قيمة على مجموعة من الخبراء والمختصين للحكم على صلاحيتها في قياس ما وضعت من اجله، ، وقد اخذ الباحث بملحوظات وتعديل المحكمين ، وفي هدي هذه الاراء والملحوظات عدلت الاستبانة وقائمة القيم بالدمج والحذف والاضافة تنفيذا لما اتفق عليه (80%) من المحكمين وتوصلت في النهاية الى قائمة للقيم الوطنية تضمنت (29) قيمة.وتضمنت الدراسة الحالية ستة فصول،ضم الفصل الاول ستة محاور : اولا : مشكلةالبحث، ثانيا : اهمية البحث، ثالثا : هدف البحث، رابعا : حدود البحث، خامسا : منهج البحث،سادسا : تعريف المصطلحات.اما الفصل الثاني،فضم مبحثين، المبحث الاول : اطار نظري، وشمل اولا : مفهوم التربية الوطنية، وثانيا : نبذة عن التربية الوطنية وتطورها، وثالثا : مفهوم التربية الوطنية في الاسلام، اما المبحث الثاني : تضمن دراسات سابقة ذات العلاقة بالدراسة ،واما الفصل الثالث : فضم اربعة مباحث، المبحث الاول : القوى والعوامل الثقافية المؤثرة في فكر السيد حسين الصدر، المبحث الثاني : تضمن نبذة عن حياة السيد ونسبه الكريم، المبحث الثالث : تضمن مؤلفات سماحة السيد الصدر، المبحث الرابع : فقد تناول اهم اسهاماته في الاعمال الخيرية والاجتماعية ، واما الفصل الرابع،فقد ضم ثلاثة مباحث ، المبحث الاول : الرؤية الفلسفية لدى السيد حسين اسماعيل الصدر، المبحث الثاني : تضمن المبادئ التربوية عند السيد ، المبحث الثالث : تناول التربية الوطنية عند السيد حسين اسماعيل الصدر،واما الفصل الخامس فقد احتوى اجراءات البحث واستخدام الوسائل الاحصائية كالنسبة المئوية ومعادلة(Holsti)، وعرضت في الفصل السادس عرض نتائج البحث وتفسيرها، وتقديم مجموعة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات والمقترحات.الاستنتاجات ومنها : 1 - التربية الوطنية عند السيد حسين اسماعيل الصدر تعد من الاساسيات التي تحفظ البلد وتسهم بنهضتة وتقدمه.2 - ان التربية الوطنية التي يدعو اليها السيد حسين اسماعيل الصدر هدفها اصلاح الفرد والمجتمع وبناء الانسان الصالح المحب لوطنه. 3 - ان التربية الوطنية عند السيد حسين اسماعيل الصدر مستمدة من الشريعة الاسلامية ، باعتبار الاسلام جاء لكل الانسانية ، وعلى هذا الاساس فان التربية الوطنية الاسلامية هي شاملة وصالحة لكل الاوطان.4 - التربية الوطنية في الفكر العربي الاسلامي هدفها جميع افراد المجتمع دون تمييز بين دياناتهم وقومياتهم ومذاهبهم. التوصيات ومنها : 1 - ضرورة قيام وزارة التربية ووزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي بتضمين اسس ومباديء التربية الوطنية الواردة في الدراسة الحالية في مناهج الدراسة للمراحل كافة.2 - ضرورة ان ينتبه القائمون على مناهج الدراسة في العراق الى اهمية وخطورة التربية الوطنية واعطاء اولوية لها ، اذ ان التربية الوطنية جوهر ومفتاح اصلاح المجتمع وفي المجالات جميعا.3 - ان تقوم كل مؤسسات الدولة بوضع خطط وبرامج لتنمية ثقافة التربية الوطنية عند المواطن.المقترحات ومنها : 1 - القيام بدراسات عن التربية الوطنية في الفكر العربي الاسلامي المعاصر ، ومقايسة نتائجها وموازنتها مع الدراسة الحالية.2 - اجراء دراسة موازنة لقيم التربية الوطنية عند السيد حسين اسماعيل الصدر وبعض مفكري العرب والاسلام، ولاسيما الذين هم على قيد الحياة. | It is no doubt that the National Education is one of the most the important subject that should be considered , supported ,and established among individuals of the society as a whole and in all domains especially when such a subject has suffered from hard negligence after 2003 in Iraq . The significance of the National Education can be clearly prominent in its efforts to prepare the human being to live more safely in his /her homeland ,and well - adapted with its rules by providing the individuals the main bases and pivots that aid in achieving such a situation .Furthermore, the National Education reinforces love of the homeland in individuals as well as belongingness ,activation of thought and emotion to serve their homeland which in turn lets the individual feel of the value of homeland love in terms of what he/she presents to his /her country . The current study aims at finding out what is meant by the concept of the National Education in the Arab and Islamic Thought( Mr. Hussein Ismael Al - Sadir,a descendant of the Prophet family (PBUH) as a model )through surveying a number of his writings which is totally (170) books .Having been checked, the researcher has found that about (104) books are concerning with the study subject ,excluding the rest (21) books ,as well as eliminating from analysis books prefaces ,the Holy Quran Verses ,the Prophet Traditions and his family descendants ,and good Muslim descendants . The researcher has used the descriptive analytic approach ,selecting the content analysis as a suitable method to achieve the aim of the study .Also, the researcher has depended on the face validity which is the most important aspect of the content validity . The questionnaire and a list of (40) values have been exposed to a group of jury members and specialists to verify their validity to measure what is meant to be measured .All remarks and modifications of the jurors have been taken into consideration in that both the questionnaire and a list of values have been subjected to merging, deletion, and addition according to (80%) of the agreement of the jurors .So, the final form of the list of values consists of (29) values and all jurors have agreed upon the validity of the content . The present study consists of six chapters, the first one of which includes (6) sections : First : The Problem, Second : The Value, Third : The Aim , Fourth : The Limits ,Fifth : Methodology, Sixth : Definition of Basic Terms . Chapter Two consists of two sections : First : A Theory Background that covers the concept of the National Education. Second : An Overview of the National Education and its Development .Third : The Concept of the National Education in Islam .The Second Section covers the Previous Related Studies.Chapter Three includes four sections : First : The Forces and the Cultural Factors that affected Mr. Hussein Al - Sadir’s Thought. Second : An Autobiography about Mr. Hussein Al - Sadir and his noble descent .Third : Mr. Hussein Al - Sadir’s Writings .Fourth : Mr. Hussein Al - Sadir’s Participations in Social and Charitable Works . Chapter Four consists of three sections : First : The Philosophical Vision of Mr. Hussein Al - Sadir. Second : The Educational Principles of Mr. Hussein Al - Sadir. Third : National Education as viewed by Mr. Hussein Al - Sadir . Chapter Five covers the study procedures and the Statistical means used such as Percentile and Holsti Formula ,in addition to the Results obtained and their discussion Chapter Six as well as organizing the (29)national values ,and finally a set of conclusions ,recommendations ,and suggestions .Conclusions : Based on the results gained, the researcher has come up with certain conclusions , some of which are below : 1 - The proper National Education in the view of Mr. Hussein Al - Sadir is the cornerstone for the renaissance and development of the country .2 - The National Education that is called by Mr. Hussein Al - Sadir is an education whose main goal is to reform both the individual and the society as well as the proper construction of the good human being who greatly loves his/her homeland . 3 - The proper National Education in the view of Mr. Hussein Al - Sadir is an Islamic - based Sharia education considering Islam was revealed for all humanity as all .So, the Islamic National Education is universal and valid for all countries in the world . 4 - The National Education in the Arab Islamic thought aims to remove discrimination among the members of one society regardless of their religions, nationalities ,and doctrines . Recommendations : The researcher has set specific recommendations ,some of which are as follows : 1 - It of a great importance that Ministry of Education properly imply the bases and principles of the National Education in the syllabi of the curricula of all stages .2 - Making heavily use of the values derived from the National Education in the view of Mr. Hussein Al - Sadir found in his own writings and to be adopted in the study curricula .3 - It is of high importance that those in charge of curricula in Iraq should pay enough attention to the significance and the role played by the National Education ,giving it more priority for it is the essence and the key of the reformation of the country in all domains.4 - It is of high importance that all state organizations put plans and programs for establishing proper National Education in natives .Suggestions : 1 - There is intensive need to carry out several studies on the National Education in the Arabic Islamic Thought to be compared and matched their results with current study .2 - Carrying out comparative studies on the values and National Education as viewed by Mr. Hussein Al - Sadir and a number of the Arab and Islamic thinkers , especially those who are still alive

الفلسفات التربوية السائدة عند تدريسيي جامعة بغداد بحسب الجنس والتخصص والخبرة == The Prevailing Educational Philosophies at Baghdad University's teaching Board Staff in respect to Gender, Specialization and Experience

اسم المؤلف: فلوريدا داود عباس سلوم
اسم المشرف: سعدون سلمان نجم الحلبوسي
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: اصول التربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The studies and researches have indicated that we, in our country Iraq (one of Arab countries) suffer from ambiguity and unclearness of the educational process as that being confirmed on by conferences and forums. The educational process is adhered by the education and teaching institutions as to instruct and direct them and those working in it believe in it since it is considered real, intellectual and educational philosophy. This philosophy is renewal and contemporized with the age of technological and technical development and quick communication that greatly effect on all fields of humanitarian life (political, economic, social, educational and cultural). Owing to the struggles of movements and intellectual trends in addition to different views , impressions and self - interpretations, the educational philosophy became unreal, fragile and ambiguous features; this considered a problem worthy to be concerned on. It has been thus carried out as to know the prevailing educational philosophies at Baghdad University's doctors. The study includes four chapters; the chapter one includes problem, goals and boundaries of the study. The current study aims at1. Knowing the prevailing educational philosophies (idealism, pragmatisms, existentialism, Marxism, objectivism, Islamism). At the Baghdad University's instructors in respect to gender, specialization and experience.2. Knowing the statistical differences among prevailing educational philosophies at Baghdad University's instructors in respect to gender, specialization and experience.The second chapter includes two researches, 1st research is the theoretical side where the researcher has exposed modern, contemporized and ancient philosophies in addition to the Islamist philosophy. The researcher has taken samples of philosophers and thinking men just like Al - Kindi. Ibn Sina, Ibn Rushd and some modern philosophers and after modernism like Admond Hosril, Michael Foko, and Mohammed Abid al - Jaberi. The researcher has also pointed out to the future educational philosophical vision of Iraq. The second research includes former studies related to the subject.CChapter three, where the researcher has chosen Baghdad University composing of (24) college, by (6034) male and female instructors for the academic year (2015 - 2016), it has been chosen a sample of the research randomly, where it is amounted (400) teaching board member after specifying (14) college human and scientific, the scientific colleges incudes ( pharmacy, medicine, engineering, science education, sciences, nursing and dentistry). The human colleges include (Ibn Rushd Education for Human Sciences, Economics and Administration, Art, Fine Arts, Islamic Sciences, and political sciences) with (160) university teachers after taking a ratio (7%) of the total society. The researcher has prepared questionnaire consisting of (70) philosophical items that represented the educational philosophies ( idealism, reality, pragmatisms, Marxism, objectivism, and Islamism) in respect to the fields ( existentialism), cognition, and human nature (good and evil), values, educational goals, method of teaching, teacher, student and rectification.After confirming the validity and consistence of the tool via statistical means (SPSS) for extracting Medium Means, Percentage, Ki square, Pirseal correlation coefficient , it has explained that the items of questionnaire are valid and outstanding. The value of correlation coefficient amounted (0%.80), by using re - test means, the researcher has applied that on the chosen sample of teaching board staff - Baghdad University.Chapter four includes results of the study, where it is indicated that the educational philosophy idealism, reality, pragmatisms, Marxism, objectivism, and Islamism) are prevailing one for the teaching board staff in Baghdad University, it has been explained the arrangement of prevailing educational philosophies according to the percentage : A. Islamism %58.8B. Pragmatisms %10.8C. Realism %8.0D. Marxism %7.0E. Existentialism %5.5F. Idealism %5.3G. Logical Objectivism %4.8It has been indicated that there are statistical differences according to the variable (scientific and human), experience (10 years and less than that, (20 years and less than that) and (21 years and less than that).It has also indicated that there are not statistical differences according to the gender (male and female).

موارد سبط بن العجمي (ت884هـ/1479م) ومنهجه في كتابه كنوز الذهب في تاريخ حلب == Ibn Al - Ajmi Tribe Of Resources (D. 884 AH / 1479 AD) And His Method In His Book The Treasures Of Gold In The History Of Aleppo

اسم المؤلف: نعمة شكر محمود علي الجبوري
اسم المشرف: نعمة شهاب جمعة اليوسف
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: From the former exposition of references and methodology of the author and what is related to it, It could have concluded the most important matters on which " Subt Ibn Al - Ajmi" paid huge concern in his Book " Kinuz Al - Thahab Fi Tarikh Halib" ( Treasures of Gold in the History of Aleppo). I could have concluded it in the following : The Book over mentioned is actually local encyclopedic composition and the author has divided it into two parts , in the 1st part, he planned for Aleppo during the period he has lived , while the 2nd part includes incidents and deaths during the period he contemporized. The author hugely concerned over mentioning references of his information either taken from an individual or from men of religion or doctrine or sect. He paid much attention on varying his methods as to get to the information from its sources as reading, listening and questions. He also has concerned over utterances and methods indicating to the contemporary and has given strength and reliability for his narrations. He did not cease at exposing and showing his narrations and information, but actually he mentioned many sources for the information and balanced between these narrations; besides always choosing the right one. The author is a skillful critic and being accurate in his narrations and writings. He relied on commitment that being considered as an indication for his concern on documentation. The author has bases and laws to accept narrations or refused them or to strengthen or weaken them. He cared to specify the narrator whom he took from, by showing that he descends from a specific country or from a definite doctrine. His text in many places and this indicated that he documented everything. Moreover, he interested the former studies and authors, asking for summary. He got back to books of history, wrote dates and news in addition to writing kinships, translations and poetry. This is indicated that he is prolific and varied in all domains. The author depends on the narrations preserved from the written narrations; he explained some maters and details concerning with the information.
الملخص:
المصادر:

صبري العسلي ودوره السياسي في سورية (1903 - 1958) == Sabri Al - Asali And His Political Role In Syria (1903 - 1958)

اسم المؤلف: نسرين فيصل داود
اسم المشرف: ظاهر محمد صكر الحسناوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Many authors and researchers shed their attention on the history of Syria , which passed through significant events which had a huge effect in the history of the Arab Homeless therefore , The history of Syria was studied from all sides , especially by Syrian researchers in particular , and Arab researchers in general. However , there are characters which have great role in the events which Syria passed through , and which have not studied and highlighted objectively. Regardless of the roles and positions taken by those characters m but they have become of great significant , which the researcher cannot ignore them without concentrating on those characters , especially outside Syria m because the political situations in Syria were reflected on many researchers m who were not objective in their judgments on those characters we have mentioned , nad it was necessary to study the policy which sabri al - asali adopted in the history of Syria and its effect on the course of events , whether in Syria or the Arab surrounding. The character of sabri Al - asali represented an influential axis in the course of the politic vents not only in Syria , but also in the Arab area , nudging his attitude on the triple charter , Beside his outstanding role in revealing the murderers of Adnan Al Maliki. Which the western countries were responsible for is murder. Beside his role in the issue of suez and the support of Syria to Egypt in this serious issue , respite the warning of the western countries to Syria to participate , still Sabri Al - asali declared that Syria would support Egypt. The thesis aims to study the life of Sabri Al - asali and his prominent political activities the history of Syria , through reviewing his upbringing life , and emergence the course of events his implementing many actions on the internal and external veils and his attitudes about the serious and multiple rab issues. The thesis consists of an introduction , our chapters and a conclusion , The first chapter discuss the origion of the family of Sabri Al - asali , his life activities his attributes and the start of his political activity through the great Syrian revolution in 1925 against the French occupation and joining the rationalist Action league , then joining the national block m and contributing in the elections of 1943 , the contributing in the Syrian ministries , especially minis interior. In the second ministry of fares Al - khoury in 1945 a minister of justice in the third ministry of fares Al - khoury in 1945 , then as aminister of interior once again in 1946 in the ministry of daadallah Al - jabr then joining the national party to become asecretary in 1947 , and his participating in the ministry of Jamil Mardam in 1948 , and the attitude of the National party from the coup of Hosni AL - Zaeem , also the attitude of the National party from the coup of sami AL - Hinawi in 1949. The second chapter deals with the attitude of al - Asali from the combination of 1950 and his attitude from the Ministry of the people‘s party , also the combination of his first ministry in 1954. AL - Asali role in the Arab - syrian relationships, Handling the Internal proticipation in the elections of the minisry of Saeed AL - Ggazzi. As well as the third chapter deals with studying the second ministry of Sabri AL - Asali in 1955, and the position of the ministry from the international alliances, The Internat policy of the ministry ,The Amenric and Bmerican and pressures, on the government of AL - Asali ؛ The Egyptian Support to the attitude of Syria from Baghdad pact and AL - Maliki alliance, Sabri AL - Asali had a role in prosecuting the murders of Adnan AL - Moliki, and the resignation of the ministry. The fourth chapter traces the third ministry of Sabri AL - Asali in 1956, Nehru and Shbelor in Damascus, The Approach of the third ASalian Ministry, The actirity from the internal disagreements in the Military Institution, The Syrian attitude from the nationalization of the Suez canal the ministry and the development of events in the middle east the aggravation of the third ministry in 1975 the attitude of the ministry from Eisenhower doctrine ,new development In The Syrian - Egyptian Relationships New Development To The Iraq - Syrian Relationships Development of The internal Situation in Syria , The Israeli - Arab Conflict ,The Policy of Positive Neutrality , the Deterioration of Relationships With The Arab - Gorden - Iraq - Egypt and Syria Al - Asali as Advice president to the Unity State , The Resignation of Al - Asali and his quitting The political life.
الملخص:
المصادر:

يهود الفلاشا في اثيوبيا (1950 - 1991) : دراسة تاريخية == The Flasha Jewish (1950 - 1991) Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: ميرفت عبد الكاظم ياسين العامري
اسم المشرف: احسان علي حسين الشمري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Jewish encyclopedia defines the “Ethiopia Flasha Jewish” as troupe descending from Jewish origin , related to one of religion Jewish classes based on old era and external books “bookriva” (the undependable book and other religious books which appeared after the finish of old era record , after appearing the Zionism movement , the attention of Jewish of denomination throughout of World in order to gather it Zionists movement , hence it becomes necessary to study these denominations ,then recognize and identifies their situations and their political , economic and social rule. whereas attraction of Flasha Jewish improve its reputation which characterized , somewhat , by racism.The study divided into introduction ,three chapters and conclusion. the first chapter deals with the naming , historical origin of Flasha Jewish of its correlation with Zionists movement until 1948 , in section one is about naming and geographical distribution in Ethiopia , section two is about historical origin of Flasha Jewish and migration to Ethiopia , while the section three is about Flasha Jewish and its correlation with Zionists movement until 1948.The second chapter deals with social symbols and economic and political activity of Flasha Jewish in Ethiopia , in section one is about doctrines , traditions and folklore of Flasha Jewish. Section two talks about economic and political activity of Ethiopia Flasha Jewish in Ethiopia. While section three bout the prolegomenon of migration in Ethiopia to Israel (1977 - 1950). The third chapter deals with Flasha Jewish in Ethiopia and their relationship with Israel (1990 - 1977). in section one is the growth of Israel immigration (1990 - 1980). section two is the economic and social activity - the economic and military activity , the third chapter is the thought of return condition and reverse migration.Conclusion 1. Religious believes : they don’t belief of Talmud.only belief in external Asfar 2. There is no political rule for Flasha Jewish in Ethiopia as being oppressed minority and semi - restricted socially.3. Economically and socially : the Flasha Community is isolated one , the economic rule of Flash don’t exceed the agricultural rule , they are tribal community , most of them practicing agriculture as farmer , also working on crafts like making cracks and spinning ,which considers as scornful crafts for Ethiopic.4. The thesis reveals the Zionist organization activity : in addition to Jewish agency that works beside United States , by making contracts with Ethiopic government and working to convince Flasha Jewish to migrate to Israel.5. Flasha Jewish in the other hand are scornful and can’t get respected occupations in society , those people realized that promised land is not milk and honey , obviously the Flasha Jewish civilians is third degree in military fields which pushes them to think about return and reversed migration
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المصادر:

عبد اللطيف البغدادي ودوره السياسي في مصر حتى عام 1964 == Abdul Latif Al - Baghdadi And His Political Cole In Egypt Until 1946

اسم المؤلف: مروة ابراهيم مصطفى حسين المعموري
اسم المشرف: بيداء علاوي شمخي جبر الشويلي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Many authors and researchers shed their largest attention an the history of Egypt , As one of the important Arab countries, which has the greatest effect in the events witnessed by the Arab world, Therefore the history of Egypt was studied from all sides and in different Eras, Especially by the Egyptian researchers particular and Arab researchers in general , However. The events of Egypt , chinch have not studied and highlighted objectively , egardless of the roles and positions taken by those character but they have become of great significance , which the searcher cannot ignore them without concentrating on the characters, especially outside Egypt, because the political situation in Egypt maybe were reflected on a number researcher who were not objective in their judgments those characters. Abdul hatif is the most prominent of those characters we have mentioned , The need is essential to study his administration and attitudes in the Egyptian politics , because he contributed greatly to the revolution of Egypt 1952 and defended it. As he was the most prominent its men. Who defended the achievements of that evolution in critical circumstances experienced by the evolution during (1952 - 1964). Abdul Latif distinguished comall of his colleagues, men of the revolution, by his imitable ability to accomplish, So he was able to develop me appropriate plans to implement projects, Known for is high degree of self - confidence and dignity, that was me biggest reason. for the successive disagreements between him and Jamal Abdul Nasser, Which mede him mentally quits the political action Abdul Latif Al - Baghdadi took over five different ministries at the level of ministerial action. As well as the position of vice resident , that position which oblige him to supervise so many different sectors of the state. He also had the high prestige among his colleagues and in the conscience of the people , his name was related with genuine and rapidly achievement. The thesis tried to answer several quiries the most prominent were the causes of disagreement between Abdul Latif AL - Baghdadi and Jamal Abdul Nasser and the accuracy of what had sever. Historians mentioned about the fear of Jamal Abdul Nasser from the power and influence of Abdul Latif Al - Baghdadi which was the reason behind his quitting the alitcal action because Jamal Abdul Nasser imposes his opinions always in mast decisions , which resulted from that a bad relation ship between Abdul Latif Al - Baghdadi and Jamal Abdul Nasser , there were numeral harassment after his recent resignation in 1964.The thesis consists of four chapters and a conclusion, the first chapter was entitled "the emergence of Abdul Latif Al - Baghdadi and his entering the political world", and this chapter deals with his life, emergence, his entering the Military college his promotion in the military service, the emergence of the organization of aviation officers in 1940, his participation in the war of Palestine against the Zionist entity in 1948, and his role in regulating the liberal officers which he participated in after the war. While the second chapter was entitled" the role of Al - Baghdadi in the revolution of 23 of July 1952 - 1954", through studying the main issues which was Egypt suffering from before the evolution and made him and his colleagues to start the revolution, Al - Baghdadi took over the responsible of flying in the mooring of 23 of July over the sky of Cairo and Alexandria in order to control the situation and his presided over the revolutionary court , which we formed in 1953, to trial those accused in betraying the homeland , or against its safety insid and outside or those who help in the corruption of the government , as well , the chapter includes the crisis of march and the outcome represented by the conflict of the members of the revolutionary command council with Mohamed maguey and the disagreement between Jamal Abdul Nasser and Abdul Latif Al - Baghdadi who made Al - Baghdadi submits his first resignation. The third chapter was entitled "Al - Baghdadi and his took over the legislative and executive duties", it reviews the role of Al - Baghdadi in the formation of the Egyptian government from (1953 - 1957), accompanied by responsibilities and accomplishments and the subsequent proposals in the national union and the issuance of nationalization resolutions in 1961 the so - called" the social revolution and his entering the parliamentary elections which resulted in his presided over the national Egyptian assembly while.The fourth chapter was entitled "Al - Baghdadi and his position on the course of events and the internal political developments in Egypt", it reviews the evacuation agreement and the triple aggression on Egypt in 1956, Al - Baghdadi accompanied Jamal Abdul Nasser thoroughly the period of the war , As well as the chapter includes the efforts for the establishment of Egyptian - Syrian unity in (1958 - 1961) that emanated the united Arab republic are his role in it the formation of the boad of presidency in Egypt after the secession had ahuge effect in the determination of Al - Baghdadi to quit and not to return to politics once again.
الملخص:
المصادر:

التعليم في اليابان (1868 - 1912) == Education In Japan (1868 - 1912)

اسم المؤلف: مثنى عبد الجبار عبود
اسم المشرف: وليد عبود محمد
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Education is a reflection to society background, philosophy and history, as well as its development and horizons for its future prospects and aspirations. In this respect, the Japanese experience has become an example that should be followed to achieve improved didactic and scientific performance. This success has been achieved so quickly that it has made Japan one of the most advanced countries. Though having a small area, tough geographical conditions and high population density, and lacking raw materials, Japan has managed to make the brains of its citizens a substitution to face lack of natural and materialistic resources. This has positively reflected on its economy growth and on its social, educational, and cultural development.There are two reasons for selection of this topic (Education in Japan 1768 - 1912) : first, it is one of the most successful experiences in the world since everyone agrees that the Japanese experience and its didactic development is an integrated and exceptional human effort which has drawn the attention and interest of the entire world. Japan, the Asian country, has broken the rule that development is associated with the West and there is no hope to enjoy development unless a person is a foreigner or an expatriate. So, this experience deserves not only to be studied once; rather, many studies should deal the educational policy of Japan. Second, most academic studies on Japan have focused on the political and economic sides and overlooked the social side of which education is the most important pillar and the effective channel in the state policy and community. To underline this, most political and economic problems are attributed to education problems. Besides, development in developed countries is considered an equilateral triangle (political, economic and social “educational” development). It is known that development of the social aspect positively reflects on the political and economic aspects, and vice versa. Thus, education is pivotal in the development process in any developed country including Japan. The period covered by the thesis is 1868 - 1912; the first date (1868) is the date of accession of Emperor Mutsuhito (1868 - 1912) to the throne. The reign of this Emperor is known is Meiji. He was committed to the fifth principle of the Imperial Charter Oath : “Knowledge shall be sought throughout the world so as to strengthen the foundations of imperial rule”. This Charter marks the end of two centuries of solitude. It has made Japan open to international and regional countries. The second date represents end of the Meiji Era where Japan reached to an advanced stageof education development. Japan completed the foundation of the education structure starting from kindergartens to imperial universities.The hypothesis that the thesis deals with is an attempt to explore and analyze data and information about the development of education in Japan up to 1912, and review its basic elements and key factors of its rise. It also explores the effect of struggle between traditional and modern education, and plans developed by the government and stance of the Emperor to these plans. The researcher adopted the scientific, analytical and historical approach, and tried to reconcile between the historical sequence and unity of subject to reach objective and accurate answers. The thesis consists of four chapters, conclusion and annexes. The first chapter deals with roots of education in Japan up to 1868. It involves three topics : the first one tracks development of education during the reign of Nara and Heian (710 - 1185), changes in the reigns of Kamkura and Muromachi (1185 - 1568), and reign of Azuchi Momoyama (1568 - 1600). The second topic include education in the era of early Tokugawa (1600 - 1853); it shows the educational policy adopted by the shogun Ieyasu Tokugawa (1603 - 1615) to reform education; explores his disputes with opponents; reviews the effect of solitude of Japan of education during the years 1616 - 1786; and outlines the effect of tribal schools and First Opium War on education (1787 - 1853). The third topic focuses on reviewing development of Education in the Tokugawa Era (1853 - 1868), outlining the effect of Perry expedition in wakening up the Japanese nation of the dormant Chinese thinking, directing them to explore mysteries of modern western education and sciences (1853 - 1868), and getting acquainted with the role of foreign missionaries and Japanese scholars in the development of education (1859 - 1868) and their role in introducing modern sciences which had contributed to preparing Japanese education elite that, in turn, encouraged Japanese to the west, resulting in increased scholarships to the west and Europe to get closer picture of the development of modern science (1863 - 1868).The second deals with the beginnings of modern education in Japan (1868 - 1877). It includes three topics; the first involves the attempts to reform government education as a result of a call by the Meiji Emperor in 1868, and the effect of his call to open old schools and seeking foreign assistance to develop and modernize these schools. The second topic deals with education modernization projects, including establishment of the Ministry of Education and development of the first Educational Plan (Gakusei), as well as the lwakura expedition and its impact on revising the Educational Plan and encouraging women education and establishment of educational associations. The third topic copes with teacher preparation, establishment of normal schools for female and male teachers, development of curricula, and problems facing implementation of the plan.Chapter three tackles establishment of the Japan University and development of education plans (1877 - 1885). It includes three topics. The first topic involves establishment of Japan University and development of a proposed second National Education Plan (1877 - 1880). It also includes an overview of the impact of People for Liberty Movement and stance of the Emperor of this Movement. Topic two deals with the steps for the review and development of the third National Education Plan (1880 - 1885). Topic three involves development of the fourth Education National Plan (1885 - 1890), its announcement, implementation and stance of the Emperor to it. Chapter four tackles development of modern education in Japan (1890 - 1912). It includes three topics; the first highlights development of the education system in primary schools by issuance of new legislation. These include kindergartens and primary and secondary schools. The second chapter sheds light on the education system in the secondary schools, normal schools which graduate professional staff to meet the need of education expansion in primary and intermediate schools and vocational schools and its impact on the Japan economy, as well as, female high schools and their role on the education of women. The third topic deals with the development of high education institutions which are preparatory schools for those wishing to complete study after university; it also deals with private schools and imperial universities since these are high academic institutions for graduating social, economic and administrative elites to serve in and develop different state institutions.The researcher used considerable number of references, official Japanese documents developed in English by the Ministry of Education, as well as many other documents, letters, Arabic and English theses, periodic both magazines and newspapers. The Arabic and Foreign books, researches and studies, and foreign encyclopedias have contributed so much to this thesis by providing valuable information
الملخص:
المصادر:

الداعي الاسماعيلي ناصر خسرو وعلاقته بالخلافة الفاطمية == The Ismaili Preacher Nasser Khosrow And Its Relationship To The Fatimid Caliphate

اسم المؤلف: ماجد حميد رشيد
اسم المشرف: غنية ياسر كباشي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Featuring Ismaili sect from the rest of the Islamic doctrines and preaching difference structure, organization and sophisticated. While disappeared advocacy organizations affiliated Islamic Umayyad teams during the two (40 - 132h / 660 - 749m) and Abbasid (132 - 656h / 749 - 1258m) led after the purpose of the establishment of a religious entity - a political difference to those groups, continued imams and preachers Ismailis to maintain this institution and the development of knowledge as the vital nerve of the doctrine, without which strengthened the call and continued survival.Whereas the Fatimid state had, on the basis of which the policy is intertwined with religion, to the extent that every political organization in this country, it was a reflection of the spirit of the Fatimid doctrine itself, until it became, believe an example of religious states in Islam, This invitation "was the backbone of this state, and the most important thing distinguishes itself from other Islamic regimes have looked to call a sacred institution and a religious duty practiced it faithfully and activity, and sought to power in order to be able to achieve this goal, safe and easy, they were looking at them It was a lot for them as an ideological weapon of the system.Caliph was the "imam" Fatimid chooses from among his supporters most powerful tongue, and believe them Jnana, and Olhnhm argument, and Ogzarhm note Vigolh in the position of calling for it following the status of the Imam of the confessional, relying in that much from any Holy Qur'an interpretation of the meaning (O prophet! Truly We have sent , thee s a witness , a Bearer of Gold Tidings , and Warner (45) And as one who invites to Allah (46) `s (grace) by His leave , and as a lamp spreading light) and any Holy Qur'an interpretation of the meaning (Invite (all) to the way of thy lord with wisdom and beautiful preaching , and argue with them in ways that are best and most gracious , for thy lord knoweth best , who have strayed from his path , and who receive guidance). That was our choice for the study of personality, "the Ismaili Nasser Khosrow (d. 481 AH / 1088 AD) and its relation to succession of the Fatimid" not to mention the ideological side "in the Fatimid state" as one of the Ismaili dignitaries, one talent evident owners in the political and religious messages field across the Fatimid call Aban Fatimid rule, in "the fifth century AH / atheist century AD" and who spent years of his life in the Caliph Al - Mustansir Billah "427 - 487h / 1036 - 1094m service." Preacher who is vested with a variety of tasks, administrative, diplomatic, religious, has arrived to the top of the shrine, an advocate and an argument Persia and Khorasan in the Fatimid invitation. The conduct of research was required to be having four classes led by an introduction, followed by a conclusion showed the most significant results, and proven sources and references that were adopted in the preparation of the message.The introduction : he mentioned the importance of the subject and the reasons for his choice, and the research plan and the approach that I walked it. Devoted the first chapter to the study of biography and scientific Nasser Khosrow, as touched upon in the first section to : the biography of his life (his name, lineage, his nickname, his birth, his family, and growing up, and his death), and in the second section of his travels, and in the third section touched on the scientific status, indicating the His printed and manuscript, and the views of the scientists. And I ran to the second chapter has dealt with the Ismaili da'wa in Khorasan in the fifth century AH / atheist century AD, has been included on the three sections, too, it was at the forefront of those detectives Ismaili da'wa in Khorasan during the era of Nasser Khosrow, and the second section preachers who Asarham Nasser Khosrow, The third chapter Achtmt Balambges assets Ismaili doctrine from the standpoint of calling for Nasser Khosrow. Then I ran to the third quarter, which was entitled calling Nasser Khosrow and its relation to succession of the Fatimid, it has included three sections, covered in the first section of succession Al - Mustansir Billah and the crown prince, and in the second section of Cairo in the era of Nasser Khosrow, and in the third section the offices of the state administration and fees and celebrations. And another classroom fourth quarter in which public life in Egypt dealt with through text Nasser Khosrow trip, which included a three axes , namely : First : Army, Navy , and secondly : economic conditions , and thirdly social conditions.The letter highlights the conclusion of the most important findings after a comprehensive study of the subject good and thorough study , also caused appendixes and appended a list of sources and references relied upon in keeping with the traditions of theses. It has faced several difficulties, in the forefront of all the works of Nasser Khosrow written by the Persian language, and did not stand on the interpreter of which only three books did not find enough male and adequate for the life of Nasser Khosrow in basic references and we had sometimes rely on modern references, which may be due burning processes for many of the books of Shiites in general, especially in the east and Ismailia practiced by many of the Islamic Orient rulers anti - Ismaili, the most prominent day ordeal Ismailia grand a year (331 AH / 942 AD) as well as what he has done Mahmud of Ghazni (361 - 421h / 971 - 1030m) as well as what he did to the Mongols the year (654 AH / 1256 CE). Historical descriptive approach was adopted based on the analysis of some of the information and criticism and comparing opinions, to get to the facts, has necessitated the nature of the study rely on a variety of historical resources and doctrinal and moral geography.
الملخص:
المصادر:

عبد الحسن زلزلة ودوره الاقتصادي والدبلوماسي == Abdul Hassan Zalzala Economic And Diplomatic Role

اسم المؤلف: لمى محمود رشيد العبيدي
اسم المشرف: عفراء عطا عبد الكريم الريس
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study deals with the character of Abdul - Hassan Zalzala as homage to this figure which has contributed in his intellectual role to confront the political and economic phenomena of the era following the monarchy (the republican era). This stage of history includes many of the political, economic and social events on the national and Regional levels. Among the negative phenomena which Abdul - Hassan Zalzala is putting the right solutions for the problems. That appeared in his economic proposition in relation to the financial economic aspect inherited from the monarchy regime. He focused on the relation of Iraq to the sterling zone and the effect of that on the political structure of the country. That person worked in the shades and was not concentrated on because of his nature and one side and the overwhelming of other people on the other. The study is divided into an introduction, a preface, four chapters and a conclusion. The Preface entitled “Abdul - Hassan Zalzala the Family upbringing and the social and intellectual character,” also which we tackled the cultural and intellectual composition. Chapter One traced the beginnings of the work of Abdul - Hassan Zalzala in the state of Iraq and his political attitudes in some of the internal issues. It includes a brief account of his work in Iraq and some of the attitudes towards the internal political issues. Chapter Two studies the propositions of Abdul - Hassan Zazlala in the structure of the Iraqi economy. It includes the relation of Iraq with the Sterling zone and the monetary opinions of Abdul - Hassan Zazlala. Chapter Three is devoted to the views of Abdul - Hassan Zazlala of the Arab economic integration and his intellectual products in the economic field. It includes the common Arab work and the chapter also shows the most outstanding writings of Abdul - Hassan Zalzala in the economic field. The study was concludes with Chapter Four by treating the activity of Abdul - Hassan Zazlala in the diplomatic career and his work in the Arab League. It includes the work of Abdul - Hassan Zalzala as an ambassador in Iran and Egypt and the Arab League 1976 - 1988. Abdul - Hassan Zalzala did not ignore in his opinions the Arab side and the burden on the political decision to condense the common Arab work and the development of the light of a comprehensive integrated imagining putting the national aims in the advance position, specially the interior developmental aim is the first obstacle for achieving the required development. He sees that when speaking about the Arab common integration, we should put in advance the efforts made to achieve this Arab common integration which did not become at best in the form of economic cooperation. It is very minor compared to the relations of the Arabs with the external world. The opinions and proposes of Abdul - Hassan Zazlala and his attitudes towards some of the political issues is undoubtedly represent reform course that represents solutions to these to say the least.
الملخص:
المصادر:

وزارة المعارف العراقية 1920 - 1958 : دراسة تاريخية == The Iraqi Ministry Of Knowledge 1920 - 1958 Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: فلاح حسن كزار عباس
اسم المشرف: كريم مراد عاتي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Ministry of education considered as one of important Iraqis' offices which formed in Iraq for the period 1920 - 1958, it's important was that it’s the only one that responsible about preparation and build generations , and support all state institutions and it's offices with the functional individual scientific and administrative , that reflect it'd scientific and civilized role and the range of progress of Iraq in both levels in internal & external.The study of ministry in it’s administrative sides in that period was not discussed in the other studies , which stimulate the researcher for study it, also the administrative sides for any ministry have the important which many of modern academic study concentrate on it, to know the structure organization of the ministries, from it's specialized offices and the officials that operated and their scientific and educational specialism, and how many wealth which assigned from public budgetary of state for it's scientific and administrated duty and that reflect the size of administrate development and other.The ministry have seen many administrative development , at the beginning with direct British occupation (1914 - 1921) , at the period (1914 - 1918), it's works relative with (incomings officials ) in Basra and Baghdad , on August 1918, it's become as establishment named as ( public knowing attendance), when Iraqi temporary kingdom has been established in 23 august 1921, it's been self - governing ministry when ministry of health has been separated, and know it's named as (Ministry of knowledge ) it still as that until the royal regime has been drop down on 14/July/1958. Offices whose managed this ministry development it's administrated works and continue with global growth has been founded in this field , specially form whose of them that have superior specialized certification, also they called for (international committee) for help in put plans that making the rising of it's works.The works that accepted from ministry have the clear role in put the first basis of acts and instructions for the Ministry of knowledge in Iraq , and establishment of natural foundations and specialized the work of ministry and it's officials , when we see the historical stage , the level of scientific progress and the general situation in the country
الملخص:
المصادر:

كتاب الجمل والنصرة لسيد العترة في حرب البصرة للشيخ المفيد (ت 413هـ/ 1022م) : دراسة تحليلية تاريخية == Camel And The Victory Of Mr. Strain In Basra War To The Sheikh Al - Mufied (D 413 AH/ 1022 AD) ((An Analytical Study))

اسم المؤلف: فائق محمد حسين الزبيدي
اسم المشرف: نعمة شهاب جمعة اليوسف
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: well as the conclusion and a list of sources and references that Aolna in this study.• Boot biography of Sheikh useful and ensure that, his name, his nickname , his birth , lineage , and death as well as his children and that presents for the first time in modern academic studies.• Chapter One : Under was titled doctrinal views about the allegiance of the faithful Meer Ali bin Abi Talib • Chapter Two : historical novels was under heading out on the Caliph Uthman.• Chapter III : Historical Almruyat for the Battle of the Camel.• In the final conclusion, which includes the most prominent findings and a list of sources and references, and summary in English. The Yes of God for this religion that he raised him in every age range of scientists and dignitaries from Mashra virtuous so late, Vohassanoa Madarsthm and built bases , and left us with an enormous wealth and great heritage , Anbthaga to its sources , the purest and its tributaries. Of these extraordinary , Sheikh useful ( 413 AH / 1022 AD) , may God rest his soul and make paradise resting place , which is aware of the flags of centuries fourth and fifth Hijri and one of the leaders of his time , as one of the men who excelled in science and classification throughout the years of his life. It is an excellent choice with the help of Dr. Nehme Shihab was I faced some difficulties as any student looking at the subject and especially as it combines the science of history and learned men of modern science because this led me to refer to the many specialized in these three Knowledge and other sources is not easy to master , who is running experience student academic research for the first time in his life, and with all the grace of God has been able to overcome the difficulties in the curriculum and resources and with the help of my teacher and supervisor wise direction. Has necessitated the need for this letter is organized with an introduction and preface, three chapters and a conclusion , and here it should be noted that this division is inspired by the book (the sentences and the victory of Mr. strain in Basra War) as Analysis of sources : This study, like other academic studies relied on a large number of sources, references and research that were distributed among the different fields in history, local history or in the translations and biography or geographical books and travel literature as well as modern references The following presentation and analysis of a summary of the most important sources and references that were It has a clear impact for the preparation of this letter : - • General history books : It is books that are meant to take the flag campaign and others in the country as a book (the date of the Apostles and the Kings), to Tabari, Abu Ja'far Muhammad bin Jarir (d. 310 AH / 922 AD), in which historical events show, the book (the history of the city of Damascus (for Sakba, Abu Kassim Ali Bin Hassan Ben God's gift to bin Abdullah Shafi'i (d. 571 AH / 1175 AD) has served us so much Vengda encyclopedia in the history of the Islamic civilization has reviewed the conduct of men and women also, who emerged fields of public life, particularly in science, knowledge, and the book (regular in the history of the kings and the UN), to Ibn al, Abu Faraj Abdul Rahman bin Mohammed bin Ali (d. 597 AH / 1200 AD) and the book "full of history" to Ibn al - Athir (d. 630 AH / 1232 AD) there is no doubt being a Guinness in Islamic history.• genealogy books : We based our knowledge of the lineages of some scientists and their assets, including book (genealogy), of heard me, Dad Said Abdul Karim bin Mohammed al - Tamimi (d.562 AH / 1166 AD) and book (the pulp in the refining lineages), the son of ether, Abul Hassan Ali bin Abi Karam Mohamed Bin Mohammed bin Abdel - Karim al - Shaibani (d.630AH/1232 AD).• Geographic wrote : The geography books that enriched the various search information, whether concerned with the nomination of the city or location, including a book "Dictionary of countries," authored by Sapphire Hamwi (d. 626 AH / 1228 AD), which is a record of many historians, geographers who came after him. Note that we relied on a variety of other sources for Aasa numerous to mention in this introduction also enlisted some modern references that did not have a key role in building the structure of the messageFinally, the perfect God Almighty alone, and we praise and thank him for what we have from grace in writing this letter , I ask God to guide our steps and bless us in our humble service of science that he listens and responds
الملخص:
المصادر:

الاراء الاقتصادية في كتاب المسند للامام زيد بن علي (عليه السلام) (122هـ/739م) == The Economic Opinions In The Book Of Al - Musnad By Imam Zaid Ben Ali (Peace Be Upon Him) (122 AH / 739 AC)

اسم المؤلف: عمر سعدون حمود
اسم المشرف: مقتدر حمدان عبد المجيد الكبيسي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study of the economic and financial aspects of important and distinctive in the life of human societies at different ages and times studies, has expressed his Islamic religion widespread attention to economic issues and financial transactions that regulate the relationship of man with Bari (the Almighty), what should be done from the duties and what should be left taboo this is emphasized by the Shari'a and tried to sow in the hearts of Muslims. In this sense it excelled scholars and scientists Muslims to the classification of books that have had a clear impact in highlighting the Islamic economic approach and address the economic issues that have had impact in the Muslim individual structure and then the structure of society.Among these scholars Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) who has dedicated his life to the right and to serve humanity and the reform of society when the solution in which injustice and tyranny through the takeover of the Umayyad most of the economic resources of the state, so is the book (Musnad) forward Zaid bin Ali (Peace be Upon Him), (Tel : 122 e / 739 m), one of the important doctrinal and rare books in that period, namely the period of the beginning of the era of blogging, which dealt with through the issues and questions of financial and economic transactions that were practiced in the Islamic state markets.I have tried through this study to identify the economic and financial views in a book (Musnad) forward Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) has been reached : - 1 - The book Musnad of important doctrinal books that dealt with many economic and financial issues in Islamic law and which are indispensable for every urge in this area.2 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) accurate and trustworthy and sincere remembrance of the bond when he was mentioned conversations sometimes was little talk Bkdhirh Sindh from the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) and sometimes for the faithful Ali bin Abi Talib (Peace be Upon Him).3 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) jurist and pious individual Mstenbta provisions legitimacy so he was answering some doctrinal issues that arise upon an armrest to the Book of Allah (God) and the Sunnah of the Prophet (Allah bless him and his family).4 - became a disciple of Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) at the hands of his father, Imam Zainal Abidin (Peace be Upon Him) and his brother Imam Baqir (Peace be Upon Him) and senior scholars of the city in that period and a student of his hands dozens of Islamic sons doctrines, especially the Imam Abu Hanifa (may Allah have mercy on him).5 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) on the principle of social solidarity in the Islamic economic thought through the premise of Zakat when cited verse 60 of Surah Repentance, and how Islam addressed the issue of poverty and the right of both the poor and the poor and workers to collect Zakat.6 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) to charity and charity - Fitr on relatives (a womb) and replace him sadaqah is not permissible for him. The stresses (Peace be Upon Him) to charity password and their reward with Allah (God).7 - raised Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) to an important issue, but it does not Zakat in women's Costume whether what she is wearing or paid in, as he was not focused on Zakat in gems like Durr and rubies, pearls and all that comes out of the sea.8 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) on the important provisions of the legitimacy and expressed her great interest in his book (Musnad) provisions which have a significant impact on the economic and financial transactions of Islamic society. He referred to the provisions of the loan and mortgage company and to the divine and the snapshot and leasing, deposit, including detailed provisions and explained its importance and usefulness in economic deal on the principle of Islamic Sharia law.9 - Treated Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) issue of five Booty and shamrock and Alglul and select their amounts and how it was spent in Islamic law derived from the Book of Allah and the Sunnah.10 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) the types of agricultural land controlled by the Islamic State of Arab and defined quality : decimal land and the land of Foreign Affairs. He stressed the legality of the farmer because of the investment of agricultural land and the conditions of the farmer and his views were his own in it.11 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) the provisions of the sales and earnings Muslim usury and exchange between the right of the sales that were in circulation in Islam and warned sales corrupt and Terminator them legally, which should not be practiced by Muslims.
الملخص:
المصادر:

الاحوال العامة للاكراد في المشرق 132 - 565هـ / 749 - 1258م == General Conditions For Kurds In The Orient (132 - 656A.H\749 - 1258A.C)

اسم المؤلف: علاء حبيب عبد العذاري
اسم المشرف: كاظم ستر خلف العلاق
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study of the history of peoples to know the political, economic, social and scientific studies of their situations that are difficult to access them, because of the uncertainty surrounding it and overlap with neighboring clans.There is no doubt that the Kurdish people have been playing an important role on the overall events, as a human species that inhabited the Muslim Levant.It differed greatly in determining the areas of their presence in this region (Mashreq), which are difficult to quantify the different Albuldanyen in drawing boundaries, so it was the Kurds who are in different forms in terms of well - traveled areas, and just as likely in other.Our study has focused them on multitude areas, due to the clarity of the civil features in terms of stability.The limits of our study them within the area bounded by the south of Armenia and even the boundaries of the country beyond the river without crossing.Researchers made no mention of this region clearly, but previous studies determined certain city, where Kurds Ooomarh presence, such as a study researcher Hossam El Din Naqshbandi City Aldeanor, study researcher Riad al - Zubaidi, the emirate Al - husnoah.This thesis consisted of six chapters preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion and supplements.The first chapter discusses : the historical origins of the Kurds in the Orient, and was on the three sections, the first taking him to nominate the Kurds and the origin of the label, as well as eating the difference in the origin of the Kurds.The second topic addressed the geographical distribution of the Kurds in the Levant saying they are the areas, while the third section devoted to learn the language of the Kurds and their religion, the Islamic conquests of the Levant.The second chapter : dedicate the contributions of political and administrative Kurds in the Orient, and was the first of it Section eat ambitious Abu Muslim political Khorasani, while the second section may display the UAE, which created the Kurds in the Levant, and the third section dealt with the study of the contributions of administrative Kurds.The third chapter : to show the contributions of military Kurds, as well as their participation in the opposition movements of the Abbasid Caliphate, was on the three sections, the first taking him to accredited to the Kurdish military regime, while touched second section the military for their contributions and their relationships with the UAE their neighboring countries, and it was the third section has allocated to find out contributions to the Kurds in the opposition movements.The fourth chapter handled the economic conditions of the Kurds in the Orient, and was on the three sections, the first of it dealt with agricultural activity and livestock, while the second section allocated for industrial activity, was Conclusion Chapter III Section, which touched on the commercial activity of the Kurds.The fifth chapter : to give us a clear picture of the social life of the Kurds in the Levant across three sections, we dealt with it layers of the Kurdish community, and the place of women in it, as well as the religious doctrines deployed in their country, while the second section Vtm the study of public life for the Kurds, and it was the third is dedicated to find out the mostimportant customs and traditions that were prevalent in the Kurdish community.Finally, chapter six : life science for the Kurds in the Orient, the first section dealt with the prosperity of the scientific movement factors, while the second section devoted to the scientific contributions to the Kurds in the field of religious studies, while the third section Vtm know their contributions in the field of language and humanities.
الملخص:
المصادر:

ال حمويه الجويني ودورهم السياسي والعلمي في مصر والشام في القرنين السادس والسابع الهجريين == Al Hamaweh Al Jweni And Their Political And Scientific Role In Egypt And Levant In The Six And Seven Centuries A.H A Study Of The Essenion Community

اسم المؤلف: علاء حامد احمد محمود
اسم المشرف: مشتاق كاظم عاكول المياحي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: We saw the Levant and Egypt during the sixth and seventh centuries AD upswing in the scientific movement, and this activity led to the delegations of many of the Senate and science students who accuse the supply of science, especially after scientists DAI with great interest by the sultans and princes in the Levant and Egypt became their status and a great degree of high - have, especially after the Levant saw a semblance of stability in a state of Nur ad - Din and Saladin, is the science flights of the most important factors that help the activity and prosperity of the country to attract many of the learners, most of the elders who move between Islamic countries were hold boards of scientific and workshops, and was among the senators who came from the Islamic Orient to the Levant Imad Eddin Omar bin febrile year (564 AH / 1168 AD) and his son Mohammed, Prince Nur al - Din Mahmoud Zangi has honored him and assigned him the position of Sheikh Sufi sheikhs, even this has become Family great prestige of sophistication including notorious for its science and knowledge and became an active role in the revitalization of intellectual movement in the Levant and Egypt, then it soon this family that entered in the political and the diplomatic corps Vtoloa Study diplomatic embassies in the Ayyubid era fair King Mohammed full and his son, Then they turn away military positions and Adhawwa leaders and warlords and armies of soldiers, and took control the Sultanate administration, until it reached their case that consulted in the inauguration of some Ayyubid sultans, and adopted them sultans, princes Ayyubid heavily in various military and political fields.Busy and some members of the family in the scientific aspects more than the political aspects even ended up to authorship, classification and became her prestige in the Muslim communities in the Levant, Egypt and the rest of the country Islamic.The reasons that led me to write on this subject, there were several things to choose the subject.1. Statement of the original home and the society in which it was formed this family, and the statement of its position in the new society that has moved him in the Levant and Egypt.2. Clarify the role played by the family of febrile Jouini in the political, military and intellectual aspects in the Levant and Egypt during the sixth and seventh centuries AD.3. The lack of an integrated study of the achievements of febrile Jouini family, and stand on the details of those achievements that characterized it.4. After reviewing the most of what has been said about this family in most sources and references, and found it worthy of a study that examines the life of this and the impact of scientific, political and military family, according to a scientific Platform correct
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