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عزل وتشخيص بعض فطريات الاذن الخارجيه واختبار قدرة الفطر Aspergillusعلى افراز بعض انزيمات عوامل الضراوة == Isolation And Identification of Some Fungi of Otitis Externa And Testing The Ability of Aspergillus Spp. To Produce Some of Virulence Factors Enzymes

Author name: وفاق احمد محمود
Supervisor name: سميرة كاظم حميد | ياسر لفتة حسون
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Kufa - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: جمعت (113) عينه سريريه (مسحة اذن Ear swab) لمرضى التهاب قناة الاذن الخارجيه الفطري Otomycosis من كلا الجنسين والذين راجعوا استشارية الانف والاذن والحنجره في مستشفى الصدر التعليمي والعيادات الخاصه للاطباء الاختصاص / محافظة النجف الاشرف للمده من تشرين الثان | This study included 113 ear swabs from patients with otomycosis, males and females, visited the otolaryngology consultation room at Al - Sader Medical City in An - Najaf / Iraq in addition to the private otolaryngology clinics of some of ear, nose and throat specialists, during the period from October 2012 to March 2013, the study aimed to isolate and diagnose the causative opportunistic mycotic infections of the ear and to test sensitivity of these organisms towards antimycotic agents in addition to identifying some enzymes of the most fungal reluctant type phenotypically and molecularly. (103) positive swabs were obtained from total samples including "Cephalosporium, Candida spp, Aspergillus spp, Neurospora and Trichosporium beigelii.The Precentage of isolated fungi was (85.43)% for Aspergillus, (10.67)% for Candida, while other species constituted totally (3.88)%. The study show that the highest percentage of isolated fungi was from males as it was(51.4)% while in females was (48.6)%. Patients' ages were found to be between (11 - 80) years and the age group (21 - 30) years was the most frequent Category in (30.3)% and the Category (71 - 80) years was affected only in (0.8)%. The highest percentage of insulation fungi during the period of sample collection was in February which constitute (30.9)% and the lowest percentage was in March reaching only (14.1)%.The highest ratios to isolate the fungus was recorded among housewives and unemployed males and it was (44.2%), while the lowest rates of insulation when the students reached (15.9%).The cases of otitis media excelled on the rest of the pathological cases accompaniments of Otomycosis as the proportion of insulation was (19.4%), followed by disease of blood pressure which their percentage was (5.3%), while the rest of the pathological cases did not have significant influence in insulation, for more ear side affected the left ear was affected in(51.8)% and the right was affected in (48.2) %. The study showed that there is inhibitory effect of (flucanazole, Nystatin, Clotrimazole, Miconazole, Itraconazole and Ketoconozole) against Aspergillus spp (A.niger, A.flavus and A.terreus). All antifungals were effective and their inhibitory ratio was (100) %, except for the antifungal (Fluconazole ) which found to have a lower inhibitory effect (10) % against the species A.flavus only. Testing the phospholipase activity for aspergillus species, A.flavus and A.niger showed phospholipase activity in two degrees (++, +++), but A.terreus shoed only (++). Searching the gene alp " which is encoded for the production of alkaline protease " showed that all the Aspegillus species produces the gene with amplification results of (100)% for the band supposed to appear at the molecular weight of (747) pb

عزل وتشخيص الفطريات المصاحبة لاخماج الجيوب الانفية وحساسيتها لبعض المضادات الفطرية == Isolation And Identification of Sinusitis Infections Borne Fungi And Its’ Sensivity To Antifungals

Author name: رواق حيدر عبد النبي المحنة
Supervisor name: ماجد كاظم عبود الشبلي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Fungi
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: جمعت ((97 مسحة انفية من المرضى المصابين باخماج الجيوب الانفية, ولكلا الجنسين وباعمار مختلفة والذين راجعوا العيادات الخاصة بالانف والاذن والحنجرة Ear Nasal Throat في مدينة الديوانية للفترة من تشرين الثاني 2012 الى نيسان 2013, لغرض عزل وتشخيص الفطريات المسب | A total of 97 nasal swab were collected from patients with sinusitis, for both sexes with different ages who attended private clinics of Ear Nasal Throat in the city of AL - Diwaniya, for the period from November 2012to April 2013, for the purpose of isolating and diagnosing fungi that cause inflammation of the sinuses and test their sensitivity toward some antifungal as well as the study of the effect of some factors on the infictions rats, which include age, gender, housing, and professions and relationship of chronic diseases. Specimen were cultivated on culture media SDA to determine the types of fungi responsible the infection, it is found that the samples gave positive growth were about 36 at a rate of 37.11 %, while the samples which gave a negative growth were about 61 at a rate of 62.88 % Note that some samples give more than one fungal type so amounted to 44 the number of fungal infections and 45.36 %.The isolated fungi included and their rates Aspergillus flavus13.63%, Aspergillus niger 13.63 % , Aspergillus terreus 4.54 % , Pencillium sp 18.18 % , Blastomyces dermatitidis and Cladosporium sp 11.36 % of each one , Alternaria sp and Trichophyton sp 4.54 % of eachone , Troulopis sp , Mucor sp , Rhizopus sp, Paecilomyces sp, Rhodotorula sp, Ulocladium sp, Geotrichium sp and Bipolaris sp 2.27% of each one. The presnt study showed that females cases are more than males cases, where the percentage of female infection about 63.63% but male infection rate of about 36.36%, patients ranged in age between 11 - 76 years and found that the infection was more frequent among age groups 20 - 29 years 29.54% and less frequent among age groups 19 - 11 years 9.09 %. About the injury season shows that increase in the cold months of the year and less in the warm months, as it recorded the highest rate of infection during November at a rate of 43.18 %, while there have been no injury during April, as for Relationship of injury with housing areas of patients has been shown that the highest proportion of the injury people registered from urban areas 52.27 % compared to residents of rural areas 47. 72 %. The role of the professions in the incidence of injury has been shown that the highest recorded injury among housewives40.9%and the least among the unemployed 2.27%, while the relationship of chronic diseases has revealed the presence of 15 people suffering from chronic diseases and fungal infections arate of 15.45 %, the more chronic injuries were pressure disease, where they formed an injury rate of 40%.Results showed the inhibitory effect for antifungal Itraconazole, Ketoconazole, Econazole, Clotrimazole, Nystatin, Amphotericin B against 12 type of fungus Pencillium, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Cladosporium sp, Alternaria sp, Troulopsis sp, Mucor sp, Ulocladium sp, Geotrichum sp , Bipolaris sp , the antifungal Econazole was the most antifungal effective against isolated fungi and diameters of inhibition rate 30, 38, 20, 33, 30, 40, 35, 39, 27, 31, 19, 44? m of fungal species respectively, while the antifungal Amphotericin B show less effect against isolated fungi at arate of inhibition diameters 14, 19, 10, 10, 8, 12, 26, 18, 17, 22, 18, 21? m, respectively.As for the values of the MIC and MFC for Ketoconazole and Itraconazole for the fungi Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus , Geotrichum sp found that antifungal Ketoconazole owned less MIC against all fungi, as it amounted to 0.24 Mg /ml of each one, while the MF Cagainst Aspergillus niger and Geotrichum sp was 7.8Mg /ml against Aspergillus flavus was 0.48 Mg /ml, while the antifungal - Itraconazole owned less MIC was 31.25 Mg /ml against all fungi, while the MFC was 62.5 Mg /ml against all isolates.The presnt study showed That fungal infections is one of the important causes of sinusitis infections and fungus Aspergillus spp is the most common.

دراسة مقارنة لعزلات بكتريا Staphylococcus aureus المعزولة من مياه النهر ومن حالات سريرية == A Comparative Study of Staphylosossus Aureus Bacteria Isolated From River Water And From Clinical Cases

Author name: بنين مدلول امانة الزيادي
Supervisor name: علي عبد رحيم الناشي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Bacteria
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: شملت الدراسة جمع 120 عينة اخذت من مصدرين مختلفين, 60 عينة منها جمعت من بيئة مائية هي نهر الديوانية, بينما كانت 60 عينة سريرية جمعت من الاشخاص الراقدين والمراجعين لمستشفى الديوانية ومن الاصابات الجلدية المختلفة التي شملت الدمامل, الحصف, التقشر الجلدي, الخر | The study included assemble 120 samples which had been taken from two different sources, 60 samples collected from An aqueous environment which is Al diwaniya river, where the rest 60 samples have been collected from those people who were admitted to the Al diwaniya hospital and from of different ages from male and female. Where the environment examples collected from different places of riverbed Al diwaniya. The duration of collection samples has lasted for 3 months, started One handrad isolated had been diagnosed that proved its belong to a bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, 50 isolated where taken from environment isolate and the other 50 taken from clinical isolate depending on the diagnostic methods which included tests of farm, microscopic and biochemical, It was also confirm the diagnosis of bacterial using accurate diagnosis that uses device VITEK System tested sensitivity of bacteria isolate of S. aureus, against 12 selected antibiotic, environment and clinical cases has shown resistance and sensitivity of different varied by source isolate, the nature of the antibiotic and the resistance and sensitivity have been determined by measuring diameters of areas inhibition around tablets of antibiotics it used.All the clinical isolates showed a complete resistance for the antibiotic Lincomycin with 100% percentage, where it's resisted Pnicillin G with 92%, Nalidixic acid with 42%, while the highest resistance of environment isolates was 97% for Lincomycin. The clinical isolates showed a sensitively against the two antibiotics which are Cefamandol and Cephalothin, where their percentages reached 98% and 89%, respectively. Where the percentage of environment isolates reached for the same antibiotics 100% and 97% respectively. In general, the clinical isolates were more resisted for the antibiotics than environment isolates in overall rate.differed values of minimum inhibitory concentrationsmic MIC and the minimum bactericidal concentration MBC among each other with variation of clinical isolates from side and differed with environment isolates from another side while the values differed with environment and clinical isolates from third side, where the highest value reached of MIC against Polymyxin B is (20 - 120) and (100 - 240) mg/ml for environment and clinical isolates respectively, while the highest value of MIC that also was against Polymyxin B reached (40 - 140) and (130 - 250) mg/ml for environment and clinical isolates respectively. Where the value of MIC against Cephalothin reached (0.01 - 0.6) and (0.8 - 2.0) mg/ml for environment and clinical isolates respectively. Finally, the highest value of MBC also was against Cephalothin reached (0.08 - 0.9) and (0.9 - 3.0) mg/ml respectively. In general, the bactericidal and inhibitory concentrations of the clinical isolates are higher concentrations from those bactericidal and inhibitory concentrations for environment isolates.I studied the virulence factors that come from strains of S. aureus bacteria environment and clinical which included Capsula, enzymes of Coagulase that are associated and free, , Lipase, Hyaloronidase and B - Lactamase in addition to Haemolysin clinical isolates and Leucocidin and all the environment isolates are the highest percenage in the ability to form and possess virulence factors compared with environment isolates, where the highest percentage to produce virulence factors is belongs to the Haemolysin which reached 94% percentage in the clinical isolates where in the environment isolates reached 64% percentage followed by Leucocidin that reached 84% percentage in the clinical samples and 40% percentage in the In environmental samples.Also the percentage of blood Coagulation enzyme the associated and free is the highest percentage in the clinical isolates which reached percentage 42% and 38% for the associated and free respectively, where the percentage in environment reached 20% and 36% respectively and the virulence factors was the least presence in the environmental and clinical isolates is the portfolio that reached percentage of presence 22% and 12% respectively.

دراسة مقارنة للتاثير السمي للزنبور الاحمر Vespa Orientalis L والزنبور الاصفر Polistes Olivaceaus (De Geer) (Hymenoptera : Vespidae على تحلل كريات الدم الحمراء والتخثر لدى الانسان == Poison Effects of Red Wasp Vespa Orientalis L. And Yellow Wasp Polistes Olivaceaus (De Geer) (Hymenoptera : Vespidae) On The Decomposition of Red Blood Cells And Coagulation In Humans

Author name: شهد فلاح عباس
Supervisor name: سعدون ابراھیم اسماعیل | محمد عبد الرزاق الصوفي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology - Insects
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: To study the impact of toxic of the the Red Wasp Vespa orientalis L. and yellow wasp Polistes olivaceaus (De Geer) from family (Vespidae) the decomposition of red blood cells and clotting in humans. Were collected 508 insect Red wasp was where the number of workes 390 insect the yellow wasp gathered 539 insect where the number of worker 418 insect, and the diagnosis was confirmed based on the taxonomic keys and professors speclalized in the natural history museum and then extracting machine stinging for poisonWasp red and yellow toxin were purified by gel filtration throw Sephacryl S - 200 were obtained on three peaks of proteins, and when estimated the activity of lysis and clotting for peaks separate P1, P2 and P3 for wasp red toxin, the lysis activity of separate P1 was 98% of the poison origin activity and the clotting time was 47.3 minutes, while the lysis activity of separate P2 was 62% of the poison origin activity and the clotting time was 27.53 minutes, and the lysis activity of separate P3 was 29% of the poison origin activity and the clotting time was 13.67 minutes, so P1 separate from Wasp red poison was selected to purification and study the molecular characteristics, while when estimated the activity of lysis and clotting for peaks separate P1, P2 and P3 for wasp yellow toxin, the lysisactivity of separate P2 was 91% of the poison origin activity and the clotting time was 43.8 minutes, while the lysis activity of separate P1 was 49% of the poison origin activity and the clotting time was 19.28 minutes, and the lysis activity of separate P3 was 29% of the poison origin activity and the clotting time was 7.52 minutes, so P2 separate from wasp red poison was selected to purification and study the molecular characteristics The molecular weight of wasp red and yellow toxin the protein cm wasp red toxin P1 was 22387 Da and wasp yellow toxin P2 was 22382 Da using the gel filtration Sephacryl S - 200, while the carbohydrates content were 60.057 and 44.460 mg/ ml for wasp red P1 and yellow P2 toxin respectively as determined by phenol - sulfuric acid method, and type of link between carbohydrates and protein in the separate P1 and P2 investigating by using gel filtration Sephacryl S - 200 and absorbance at 280 and 490 nm.The percentage of iron in wasp red P1 and yellow P2 toxin were 0.88 and 0.44 ppm respectively as determined by atomic absorption, the contain proteins separate P1 and P2 on the iron were investigating by using gel filtration Sephacryl S - 200 and absorbance at 280 and 557 nm. The optimum pH of lysis and clotting activity for wasp red toxin P1 was 6.5, while lysis activity was decrease in pH 4 and 8 to be 38 and 79% respectively from its original activity, and clotting time was decreased from 47.3 min at optimum pH to be 17.9 and 37.3 min at pH 4 and 8, respectively, it was noted that wasp red toxin P1 was constant in the pH range of lysis activity from 6 - 7.5, but it lost 67 and 25% from its original activity at pH 4 and 8 respectively, while the clotting time was constant in the pH range from 6 - 7.5, but it decreased in pH 4 and 8 to be 15.6 and 35.4 minutes respectively The optimum pH of lysis and clotting activity for wasp yellow toxin P2 was 6.5, while lysis activity was decrease in pH 4 and 8 to be 18 and 37% respectively from its original activity, and clotting time was decreased from 48.8 min at optimum pH to be 8.7 and 35.6 min at pH 4 and 8 respectively, it was noted that wasp red toxin P2 was constant in the pH range of lysis activity from 5.5 - 8, but it lost 74 and 19% from its original activity at pH 4 and 8 respectively, while the clotting time was constant in the pH range from 6 - 7.5, but it decreased in pH 4 and 8 to be 12.6 and 39.5 minutes respectively The results for optimum stability temperature of lysis and clotting activity for wasp red toxin P1 refer to increase activity by increasing the action temperature until it reached a maximum at a temperature 35oC, then lysis activity was decreased to be about 4% of its original activity at 80oC, while the clotting time was decrease from 48.8 minutes at the optimum temperature to be 1.8 minutes at 80oC, it was noted that the lysis and clotting activity were stabile at 35oC for 30 min, but it is beginning to decrease with increasing temperature to loses 84% of its original lysis activity at 80oC, and the clotting time was decreased from 47.3 min at 35oCto be 2.3 min at 80oC.The results for optimum stability temperature of lysis and clotting activity for wasp yellow toxin P2 refer to increase activity by increasing the reaction temperature until it reached a maximum at a temperature 35oC, then Lysis activity was decreased to be about 8% of its original activity at 80oC, while the clotting time was decrease from 48.8 minutes at the optimum temperature to be 3.9 minutes at 80oC, it was noted that the lysis and clotting activity were stabile at 35oC for 30 min, but it is beginning todecrease with increasing temperature to loses 98% of its original Lysis activity at 80oC, and the clotting time was decreased from 48.8 min at 35oC to be 5.3 min at 80oC.The results refer to found a relationship between the influence of the wasp type and dose on the red blood cells lysis degree in males and females, it was observed that the concentration had a significant effect (p<0.05) in the red blood cells lysis degree in females, it was 0.401 at concentration 100% for wasp red toxin P1, while it was 0.331 at the same concentrate for wasp yellow toxin P2, the concentration also had a significant effect (p<0.05) in the red blood cells lysis degree in males, it was 1.020 at concentration 100% for wasp red toxin P1, while it 0.842 at the same concentrate for wasp yellow toxin P2, also it refer to found a significant effect (p<0.05) between the effect of the wasp red P1 and yellow P2 toxin and dose on the red blood cells clotting time in females, itwas 46.80 min at concentration 100% for wasp red toxin P1, while it was 46.20 min at the same concentrate for wasp yellow toxin P2, the concentration also had a significant effect (p<0.05) in the red blood cells clotting time in males, it was 47.80 min at concentration 100% for wasp red toxin P1, while it 40.47 min at the same concentrate for wasp yellow toxin P2, there was no significant effects for blood clotting time when making a comparison between the wasp red P1 and yellow P2 toxin for eachconcentration in females and males. The compared between red blood cells clotting time due the wasp red P1 and yellow P2 toxin dose in females and males did not refer to found a significant effect (p<0.05), the clotting time for wasp red P1 was 46.80 and 47.80 min at concentration 100% for females and males respectively, while the clotting time at concentration 6.25% was 17.30 and 17.10 min for females and males respectively, whilst the clotting time red blood cells due wasp yellow P2 toxin in females was 46.20 min and 47.40 min in males at concentration 100%, and it was 17.00 min in females and 17.10 min in males at concentration 6.25%.

دراسة مقارنة للتاثير الحامي للكبد بين الكويرسيتين ومستخلص الحلبة في ذكور الجرذان المسممة برباعي كلوريد الكاربون == Comparative Study of The Hepatoprotective Effect Between Quercetin And Trigonella Fenum Graecum Extract In Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity In Male Rats

Author name: نور حسون كاظم القرةغولي
Supervisor name: سحر محمود جواد الجمالي | محمد داخل الركابي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: University of Kufa - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: يعد الكبد العضو الرئيسي المسؤول عن ازالة السموم في الجسم, مما يجعله الاول في التعرض للسمية الدوائية والكيميائية للمواد الداخلة للجسم من جميع الاعضاء, ووفق ذلك اجريت هذه الدراسة لمقارنة التاثير الحامي للكويرسيتين ومستخلص الحلبة على الانسجة الكبدية لذكور ال | The liver is the main organ responsible for removing toxins in the body, making it the first to face various chemicals from all of the organs, and according to this the study had designed to compare the hepatoprotective effect of the Quercetin and Trigonella foenum graecum extract on the liver tissues of male rats poisoned with carbon tetrachloride, and to know their effects when used together. The study was conducted at the Faculty of Pharmacy - University of Kufa, and included using of 30 rats from Sprague - Dawley divided into five groups : the negative control group, the positive control group, the group treated with organic extract, the quercetin treated group and the group treated with extract and quercetin together. The period of dosing continued for 7 days and on the eighth day all groups(except the control group) were poisoned with carbon tetrachloride. After 24 hours the animals were killed. The study lasted from April 2013 - until July 2013. The Liver weights of treated animals were measured, the effectiveness of transferase enzymes Alanine Transaminase, Aspartate Transaminase and Alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin level in the serum were assessed, also the Glutathione and Malondialdehyde levels were estimated in liver homogenized. The results showed the following : A significant increase (P<0.05) in the liver weights, the effectiveness of the amine transferase enzymes, Alkaline phosphatas and total bilirubin in the serum of the treated animals when compared with the negative control group, while these parameters revealed a significant decrease (P<0.05) at the treated groups as compared with the positive control group. The results showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in the Glutathione level and a significant increment (P<0.05) in the level of Malondialdehyde in the treated groups when compared with the negative control group. Also, the results showed a significant decrease and increase (P<0.05) in the levels of Glutathione and the Malondialdehyde at the treated animals as compared with the positive control group. The present study showed numerous histological changes which resulted from the injection with carbon tetrachloride. In relation with the tissue sections which have been taken from the treated groups : with the extract, quercetin and the group treated with both revealed a protective effect for organic extract seeds of Trigonella foenum - graecum and quercetin drug on the liver tissues which had been poisoned and the best effect in the protection appeared at the group which was treated with the extract and quercetin together. From this study we can conclude that the Trigonella foenum - graecum organic extract and quercetin may reveal a protective role for the liver against carbon tetrachloride poisoning by maintaining the effectiveness of liver enzymes Alanine Transaminase, Aspartate Transaminase and Alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin level in the serum as well as by increasing the Glutathione level and falling the Malondialdehyde level in liver homogenized. Also we conclude that using Trigonella foenum - graecum organic extract and quercetin together led to double protection of the liver and efficiently as a result of the positive impact which resulted from using them together

تقييم كفاءة بعض المواد الكيميائية ومستخلص الماء المغلي والبارد لنبات الصبار (L.) Opuntia ficus indicaعلى حيوية الرؤيسات الاولية للمشوكة الحبيبية Echinococcus granulosus خارج الجسم الحي In == Evaluation The Efficiency of Some Chemicals And Boiled And Cooled Water Extracts of Cactus Opuntia Ficus Indica (L.) On The Protoscolices Viability of Echinococcus Granulosus In Vitro

Author name: اشجان محمد عريبي الخالدي
Supervisor name: احمد خضير عبيس الحميري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science For Girls - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: Evaluation study was conducted for some chemical solutions (Formalin, Sodium chloride NaCl and Silver nitrateAg NO3) as well as cooled and boiled cactus plant axtracts for the period from March 2014 till October 2014 on the In vitro protoscolices viability for Echinococcus granulosus by using preservative media solution (Kreb ringer+hydatid cyst fluid, 4 : 1, respectively). Protoscolices were collected from the infected sheeps livers in Al - Hilla and Al - Najaf abattoir, and protoscolices suspention was added to each concentration of the therapeutic agents alone which were used for different time periods. The percentage of the viability of protoscolices was measured by using the eosin aqueous stain (0.1%). The results revealed that the viability of protoscolices percentage (90.72%) and after five days the viability of protoscolices was 60.9 - 68 % and from results showed that the silver nitrate solution with concentrations (100, 125, 250, 500, 1000) ?g/ml was the highest solution which succed in killing the protoscolices 100% at the first hour of experiment, followed the sodium chloride solution with concentrations (100, 125) mg/ml at the first hour, then the boiled cactus plant extracts with concentration 10 mg/ml showed high efficiency and succeded to killing the protoscolices 100 % after 48 hours from another cooled cactus plant extracts with concentration 10 mg/ml which succeded to killing protoscolices after 72 hours as well as the albendazole drug with concenrtation 400 mg/ml which succeded in killing the protoscolices 100 % after 72 hours while the formalin solution with concentration 40 % succeded in killing the protoscolices 100 % after 96 hours from the experiment

دراسة تصنيفية مظهرية لبعض انواع عائلة فراشات اللهانة من رتبة حرشفية الاجنحة (Lepidoptera : Pieridae) من مناطق وسط العراق وشماله == Taxonomic Morphological Study of Some Species of Cabbage Butterflies, (Lepidoptera : Pieridae) From Mid And North Regions of Iraq

Author name: مهند محمود اغا
Supervisor name: حسن سعيد جاسم الاسدي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology - Insects
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The present study comprises taxonomic morphological of seven species belong to six genera of the subfamilies Pierinae, Coliadinae, (Pieridae : Lepidoptera) which were collected from middle and north of Iraq.The described species in this study are : Famliy : Pieridae Duponchel - Subfamily : Pierinae DuponchelGenus : Pieris Schrank, 1801Pieris rapae Linnaeus, 1758Pieris brassicae Linnaeus, 1758Genus : Belenois Moor, 1881Belenois aurota Fabricius, 1793Genus : Colotis Hübner, 1816Colotis fausta Olivier, 1804Genus : Anthocharis Boisduval, 1836Anthocharis cardamines Linnaeus, 1758 - Subfamily : Coliadinae SwainsonGenus : Colias Fabricius, 1807Colias croceus Fourcroy, 1785Genus : Gonepteryx Leach, 1785Gonepteryx rhamni Linnaeus, 1758The last species as new recorded to fauna of Iraq

التمنيع باضداد الخمل النوع الاول المنتجة من بكتريا الاشريكية القولونية المسببة لالتهاب المجاري البولية ضد استيطان واصابة المثانة == Immunization With Type 1 Fimbriae of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli Against Colonization And Infection of Bladder

Author name: اروى علي شكر
Supervisor name: رسمية عبد ابو ريشة
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Between September and November 2013 a total of 140 urine specimens obtained from patients in Al - Kadhmiah Teaching Hospital, Ibn - Al Naffees Teaching Hospital, and Educational Laboratories in Medical city. These midstream urine specimens were obtained from patients clinically suspected to have urinary tract infection (UTI) in sterilized containers. All specimens were processed immediately after collection.A total number of 140 specimens of mid - stream urine were collected from patients suffering urinary tract infection symptoms. These isolates were obtained from 41 male and 99 female patients. They were distributed in the age group of 5 - 60 years old. All specimens were identified using biochemical tests and API 20 E system. 60 (42.85%) of urine specimens was Escherichia coli and 15(10.71%) of specimens growth was Klebsiella spp. and 25(17.85%) growth was Proteus spp. and 40 (28.57%) was G+ve bacteria.The adherence ability of E.coli isolates were evaluated by using Congo red agar and detected their ability to produce biofilm by using methylene blue staining technique in polystyrene microtiter plates and then Optical density was determined at 580 nm.All sixty isolates of E.coli were grown on Congo red agar medium to detect their adherence ability. Twenty (33.3%) isolates were given negative result by forming pink colonies on congo red agar, were as, forty (66.6%) isolates were given positive result by forming black colonies with a dry crystalline. Three isolates give strong results E.coli (13, 8, and 40). Consistency indicated biofilm production by microtiter plate. E. coli 40 which isolated produced the thickest biofilm (O.D. : =3.17).Type 1 fimbriae expression by E.coli 40 isolate was detected by mannose - resistant hemagglutination (MRHA) of human blood group (O) IRBCs in the presence of 2% D - mannose. The isolate showed strong MRHA characteristics of type 1 fimbriae under microscope (40x). The E.coli E.40isolate which produced the thickest biofilm and gave strong MRHA was elected to be the source of type 1 fimbriae.Type 1 fimbriae was extracted by heating and mechanical shearing and partially purified by Ultracentrifugation (48, 000xg for 3hrs). SDS - PAGE with a molecular weight 20, 000 Dalton.Anti - type1 fimbriae antisera were prepared in rabbits. The specificity and titration of anti - type1fimbriae antibodies were determined using IgG protein by radial immunodiffusion plate and bacterial agglutination. IgG antibodies to fimbriae type 1 were also detected in rabbit sera from immunized rabbit and non - immunized. Immunized rabbit test 1 had increases in Fim1 - specific IgG antibodies (9.5) mg/dl. Immunized rabbit test 2 had increases in Fim1 - specific IgG antibodies (8.6) mg/dl. The non - immunized rabbit had no increase in absolute IgG antibodies to Fim1.The antisera agglutinated bacterial cells up to 1/80 dilution confirming the presence and titer of specific antibodies against type1 fimbriae.The microtiter plate method was applied to estimate the role of the prepared anti - type1fimbriae antibodies in reducing the biofilim formation by E.coli. Prevention of bacterial adherence and subsequent biofilm formation to polystyrene microtiter plate was studied by employing different dilutions (1/10, 1/20, 1/40, 1/80, 1/160, 1/320, 1/640) of rabbit sera containing anti - type 1 fimbriae antibodies. The maximum inhibition of biofilm formation in terms of optical density (580 nm) was found in lowest dilution (1/10) (highest concentration of Abs). However, the minimum inhibition was observed in highest dilution of rabbit antisera (1/640) (lowest concentration of Abs). Here the inhibition occurs in a dose dependent manner as the biofilm formation increased dramatically with increasing in antisera dilution. The results also showed that there is a significant difference(P<0.05) among data treated with sera and data without sera and among serial dilutions.General urine examination and culture for urine that absorbed from test 2 and control was done (GUE) show that pus cell in urine was (1 - 2/HPF). There was no growth of bacteria in urine culture.The Histological section show that the Control and test 1 rabbit (have been immunized with fimbriae and adjuvant and injected with E.coli intra muscular) and Test 2rabbit (that has been immunized with fimbriae and adjuvant and injected with E.coli directly in bladder has normal epithelial cells and mucosa.

التقييم الجزيئي لنسخ جين المقاومة الدوائية MDR1 في بعض المرضى العراقيين البالغين المصابين بسرطان ابيضاض الدم الحاد == Molecullar Assessment of Multidrug Resistance Gene (MDR1) Transcript In Some Adult Iraqi Patients With Acute Leukemia

Author name: كفاح جبار شاكر اليعقوبي
Supervisor name: عبد الحسين الفيصل
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Institute Of Genetic Engineering And Biotechnology - Department Of Biotechnology
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The present study aims to shed light on the follow up of acute leukemic (AL) patients at initial diagnosis and after treatment to assess the response and early relapse through evaluating the gene expression level of one of the major multidrug resistance genes which is the multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) to investigate the possible association between level of MDR1 gene expression and the clinical outcomes and this may be considered as a potential marker for response to chemotherapy of acute leukemic patients. Furthermore, the current study correlates between the MDR1 gene phenotype and MDR1 genotype in three important coding regions (C1236T, G2677T/A, and C3435T considering the potential influence of altering MDR1 activity and its effect on therapy outcome as well as susceptibility to develop cancer.White blood cells (WBCs) isolated from 106 blood sample of acute leukemic patients were provided by Iraqi hospitals in Medical City. These samples were distributed as follows : 46 newly diagnosed patients with acute leukemia who had not received chemotherapy and follow - up 25 after 1st induction, 17 after 2nd induction and 8 at consolidation, with 10 blood samples of healthy voluntaries. Two comparative groups were taken included 46 sample of peripheral blood (PB) and 26 sample of bone marrow biopsy (BMB) in paraffin blocks to validate the level of gene expression compare to WBCs. For genotyping analysis, 56 of blood sample were taken to study genetic variation of MDR1 gene polymorphism. The samples preservation with TRIzol was done. Samples subjected to total RNA and DNA extraction, then molecular study by using reverse transcription, Quantitative Real Time - polymerase chain reaction (qRT - PCR) and direct sequencing, at Molecular Oncology Unit in Guy´s Hospital - Kings College / London.The study reached at the following results : 1 - The results showed age groups (20 - 39 years) were associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), while (13 - 19 years) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).2 - The level of MDR1 gene expression showed high significant differences with WBCs compared to PB and BMB.3 - The clinical outcomes indicated that the rate of complete response (CR) of newly diagnosed acute leukemic patients was 19(41%), while 27(58.7%) was non - responder (NR).4 - Statistical analysis showed significant differences with NR at initial diagnosis in acute myeloid leukemia, while appeared after 1st induction in lymphoid type.5 - The results of positivity MDR1 gene expression were 10(21.7%) out of 46 newly diagnosed in acute leukemia, while 36(78.3%) were MDR1 - negative depend on (1.1±0.03) cutoff value.6 - The positivity MDR1 gene expression appeared mainly in non - responders patients at initial diagnosis, and with early relapse patients, after complete remission, in consolidation.7 - The MDR1 mRNA expression showed significant differences with high level in NR compared to CR patients at initial diagnosis. During treatment follow up the increased level of MDR1 gene expression in CR patients and appeared non - significantly with NR.8 - The results of MDR1 C1236T genotype and allele frequency showed that 1236CC wild type genotype and C allele were significantly frequent in healthy control. While CT heterozygous genotype frequency was highly significant in AML and no significant difference in allele frequency. ALL showed non - significant difference in genotype and allele frequency of MDR1 C1236T.9 - Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (ORs and 95%CI) analysis showed no evidence associated with risk factor in MDR1 C1236T ALL carriers. While risk factor observed in AML with MDR1 1236CT carriers.10 - The results of MDR1 phenotype - genotype association indicate that MDR1 1236CC wild type was significantly high expression among healthy and it was aprotective genotype. While the MDR1 1236CT showed significant differences with high level of MDR1 gene expression in AML patients. Whereas ALL revealed significant differences in high level of MDR1 gene expression with MDR1 1236TT genotype. Both CT and TT were affected genotypes.11 - The results of MDR1 G2677T genotype and allele frequency indicated that 2677GA genotype significantly appeared with low frequency in healthy control with no significant difference in allele frequency. Both ALL and AML showed high significant frequency in 2677GT genotype. G allele frequency was showed significant differences in AML while non - significant in with ALL.12 - Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (ORs and 95%CI) analysis showed the MDR1 2677GT genotype was associated with risk factor to developing ALL and AML. Whereas the GG appeared associated with AML only.13 - MDR1 phenotype - genotype association, indicate that MDR1 2677GA genotype was significantly high expression in healthy individual. While AML patients showed significant differences with high level of MDR1gene expression in 2677GT genotype. ALL showed significant differences with high level of MDR1 gene expression in MDR1 2677TT genotype.14 - The results of MDR1 C3435T genotype and allele frequency showed significant difference in genotype and allele frequency with heterozygous CT in both control and AML patients and mutant T allele. Whereas non - significant genotype and allele frequency with ALL.15 - Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (ORs and 95%CI) analysis showed that the MDR1 3435CC genotype carriers associated with risk to developing ALL. While no risk factor associate with MDR1 C3435T variants to develop AML.16 - MDR1 phenotype - genotype association, indicate that the wild type 3435CC genotype was significantly high expression in healthy control. The MDR1 3453CT genotype showed high significance with high level of MDR1 gene expression inAML. While ALL showed significantly high level of MDR1 gene expression in 3435TT genotype.17 - The results of MDR1 genotype - phenotype association showed similar impact of MDR1C1236T, G2677T/A and C3435T genotypes in AML clinical outcomes. The MDR1 CT/GT/TT genotypes were associated in NR AML with high level of expression at presentation, compared to significant low level in CC/GG genotype. In contrast, CR patients were observed non - significant with MDR1 gene expression at presentation and significant with low MDR1CC/GG genotypes in post treatment. In regards to ALL patients the MDR1 TT genotype showed significant differences with high level of MDR1 gene expression in NR and CR ALL at presentation and significant only with NR at post treatment. So there was no clear evidence between MDR1 genotypes and clinical outcome with ALL.18 - The haplotype results showed that the three MDR1 C1236T, G2677T/A and C3435T genotype were linkage disequilibrium significantly with heterozygous haplotype B (CT - GT - CT) compared to A(CGC) and C(TTT). Also B haplotype appeared significantly with high level of MDR1 gene expression compared to A and C. According to the clinical outcome, haplotype B was observed significant differences in NR AML patients while other haplotypes were non - significant

تقييم بعض جينات المقاومة للمضادات الحيوية في عزلات الكلبسيلا == Evaluation of Some Antibiotic Resistance Genes In Klebsiella Isolates

Author name: زاهد سعدون عزيز
Supervisor name: عباس شاكر جواد المحنة | سلمان عزيز عدوس
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى تقييم انتشار جينات البيتا لاكتاميز ? - lactamases ومنها جينات البيتا لاكتاميز الواسعة الطيف lactamases - Extended Spectrum ? وجينات اخرى مثل جينات المقاومة للكوينولونات Quinolones المرتبطة بالبلازميدات plasmid mediated quinolones | The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of plasmid mediated ? - lactamases including Extended Spectrum ? - lactamases and non - lactamases and study the horizontal gene transfer. A total of 800 of urine samples were taken from patient suffering from urinary tract infections had been collected during a period from February, to September of 2012, from the hospitals of AL - Najaf province. All the samples were cultured on MacConkey agar. From those 300 samples gave positive bacterial growth , 250 were lactose fermentative isolates, which were submitted to conventional tests including IMVIC and motility tests ultimately lactose fermentative, non motile isolates were candidate to Vitek 2 system to confirm the identification. the results revealed that there were 42 (16.8%) of isolates identified as Klebsiellae represented by Klebsiella pnumoniae ssp pneumoniae, 9(3.6%) of isolates diagnosed as Raoultella ornithinolytica, and 1(0.4%) for both K. pnumoniae ssp.ozeanae and Raoultella planticola. Screening tests were performed , disk diffusion test revealed different pattern of resistance, screening of ESBLS by MacConkey agar medium supplemented with 2 mg /l of Ceftazidime showed that 31 (58.5%) of isolates were initially ESBLS producers.Phenotypes confirmatory tests were conducted to different classes of antimicrobial agents, Disk synergism test revealed that 20(37.74%) of isolates were ESBLS positive, while Disk combination test by Ceftazidime + clav and Cefepime + clav revealed that 28(52.83%) and 43(81.13%) were ESBLS producers respectively, disk replacement test pointed that positive isolates were 26(49%), vitek2 system revealed 33(62%) of isolates were ESBLS producers.Imipenem - Ceftazidime antagonism test revealed that there was no isolate produce induced AmpC beta - lactamase, AmpC disc test revealed that no one of isolates were AmpC producer.The result of MHT(Modified Hodge test) revealed that all isolates were not Carbapenemases producers. Molecular study of different antimicrobial resistance genes were performed, the results reveald high percent of occurence as follow : blaTEM genes (90.6%), blaSHV gene(81.13%), blaCTX - M genes (88.6%), sul genes (88.6%), aac(6')Ib - cr genes (84.9%) and qnr - B genes (41.5%).the study also highlighted an association between studied genes. Finally many attempts to study of gene transfer by conjugation were conducted but all of them were failed, except one isolate (No. 5) was succeeded with frequency of conjugation (0.5×10 - 7). This study concluded that there were high prevalence of some plasmid mediated genes of isolates with clear multi gene resistance patterns as compared with some other genes which propose the high selective pressure of these genes and isolates might acquired resistance by mobile elements such as plasmids and integrons.

دراسة التغيرات الهرمونية ومعايير الخصوبة وامكانية الانتقال الجنسي في ذكور الجرذان المصابة تجريبيا بطفيلي المقوسة الكوندية == Study of Hormonal Changes And Fertility Parameters And The Possibility of Sexual Transmission In Male Rats Experimentally Infection By Toxoplasma Gondii Parasite

Author name: مي ناجي كاظم الخناق
Supervisor name: غيداء عباس جاسم الجبوري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى اثبات العلاقة بين الاصابة بداء المقوسات وحالات ضعف الخصوبة عند الذكور من خلال دراسة التغيرات في المعايير التكاثرية والهرمونات التكاثرية والتغيرات المرضية النسجية للحيوانات المصابة تجريبا بطفيلي المقوسة الكوندية Toxoplasma gondii, | The present study aimed to demonstrate the relationship between toxoplasmosis and cases of low fertility in males by examining changes in reproductive parameters, reproductive hormones and histopathological changes of experimentally infected rats, the study also aimed to prove the case of the venereal transmission of parasite from male to female and vice versa. The study carried out in three phases, the first phase includes determining the infection rate of the parasite for men who suffer from low fertility rate, as it has been serologically detecting the presence of IgG antibodies to the parasite by ELISA technique in the laboratory of parasites / College of Veterinary Medicine in 46 serum samples of blood for men attend to the Center for Infertility Research embryos of the Faculty of Medicine / University of Al - Nahrain and Al - Zahra Hospital and particular laboratories in Wasit province, who proved to have a laboratory case of weakness in reproductive parameters of semen in the rate of infection was 34.78%, then was to investigate the level of reproductive hormones (testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone), it was the men who had lower levels of these hormones 58.33% and 50% and 1.664%, respectively. The second phase included the parasite Toxoplasma gondii isolated from placental samples of aborted women and brain samples of local chicken after confirming the presence of the parasite in those samples by impression smear, As to isolate the parasite the samples was catting and grinding, filtered and centrifugation after it was suspended in physiological solution at three times.These isolates were used for experimental infection in 60 of the male albino rats norvegicus Rattus age (60_70) days and an average of weights 200_250 grams injected each of them within the peritoneum 0.3ml each animal and containing 100 cysts, 30 of which form the suspension of placenta and 30 from the suspension brain of local chicken in rats experimental infection, injection of 10 for each of the male rats and 10 female rats by suspension of placenta for experimental infection and after seven weeks of infection, put 10 healthy females with males infected experimentally and 10 healthy males with infected female for the purpose of mating to ensure for the transition infection of the parasite sexually and then confirm infection by using the direct smear (impression) and the Real - Time polymerase chain reaction technique and histological sections in the experience of experimental infection and transitional infection of parasite. It emerged the effective of infection on reproductive parameters in experimentally infected rats as negative recorded changes represented in the weights of reproductive organs, sperm concentration, motility, viability and the percentage of abnormalities compared with control group and in significant differences in 0.05 except the sperm motility which recorded significant differences in animals injected with suspension of brain domestic chicken and no significant differences in animals injected with suspension of placenta, also recorded the absence of sperm in the semen of infected rats by 40% in each of the animals that were injected placenta and injected samples of the brain of domestic chicken, as it was for the transmission of the infection to the male effect on reproductive parameters sperm in all reproductive parameters in study and significant difference for all parameters except the sperm motility compared with control group in significant differences in 0.05.With regard to the rates of sex hormones (LH, FSH, T) has recorded a significant decrease of the animals experimentally infection, which amounted to 4.588, 4.648, 6.657, either male rats venereal infected there was a decrease in the levels of hormones three significant differences and rates of 4.762, 5.644, 2.21, respectively, compared with control group which recorded 10.514, 12.210, 10.576, respectively, as rates were hormones low for normal level in females venereal infected except hormone LH as record rate 8.132 higher than the average private control group, which amounted to 5.335, as the rates of hormone (FSH, T) for females venereal infected 2.901, 5.596, respectively, compared to the control group, which recorded 4.71, 1.79, respectively.The initial diagnosis of the infection by using the impression smear method and its emphasis by molecular diagnosis REALTIME PCR technique, as was the incidence100% of the first method, either way in the second technique in rats injected with Suspension parasite of placenta 90% while it was 100% in rats injected parasite brain domestic chicken, the percentage of infection was varied in organs as recorded lowest infection in the first group in the liver and the testis was 20% either the highest percentage recorded in the semen and 90% either in brain samples was 26%, while the lowest infection for the second group it was 20% in the liver, brain and testis either the highest proportion it was 100% of the semen, and whend vice versa, in 100% for both groups by imprassion smear method, either way RT.PCR was recorded the percentage of infection in uninfected females which mated with infected males 100% divided by the organs as the lowest infection recorded in the uterus was 30% and the highest rate of infection was in the liver, brain was 100% either ovary was the presence of parasite in which 60%, while the incidence of total uninfected male who have been mated experimentally infected female100% divided by the organs as the highest rate of infection was in semen was 100% and either in the liver there have been no cases were positive remember and so the infection was 0% either infection rates recorded for the tissue of the brain and testis were 40%, 50%, respectively, either with regard to prove the existence of the parasite, depending on tissue sections of these tissues have been diagnosed with the parasite in addition to histological pathological changes occur where the male rats experimentally infected and all of the male and female in experience. As the percentage of pregnancies in the two groups of animals mating 35%, the percentage of infection in newborn brain has reached100%, which proves the case of vertical transmission of the parasite for newborns of infected mother parasite

التتابع الجيني لطفيليات Entamoeba histolytica, E. dispar and E. Moshkoviskii في محافظة القادسية == Phylogenetic Sequeincing For Spesies Entamoeba Histolytica, E. Dispar, E. Moshkoviskii In Al - Qadisiya Province

Author name: هبة رياض جميل العبودي
Supervisor name: هادي مدلول حمزة الميالي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة للمدة من بداية اذار 2014 والى نهاية ايلول 2014 وشملت على مراجعين مستشفى الديوانية العام ومستشفى النسائية والاطفال في محافظة القادسية ومختبرات التحليل الاهلية في المحافظة, وقد تم فحص679 عينة براز باستخدام طريقة المسحة المباشرة لمختلف الفئ | This study has been conducted for the period from the first of March 2014 until September 2014 and included the auditors to Diwaniya General Hospital and Women's Hospital and children in the province of Diwaniya and civil analytical laboratories in the province. A sample of 679 of auditors' stool have been examined by using the direct swab from different age groups and both sexes. The study shows that 61.26% of people have been infected by screened amoeba parasite. Real time PCR was used in this study to diagnose Amoeba species in 200 samples. Result shows that Entamoeba histolytica had highest percentage of incident followed by Entamoeba dispar then Entamoeba moshkoviskii, which were 74 %, 26 %, and 7 % respectively.Statistical level of ?=0.05presents significant differences between then. Percentage of positive molecular test samples was higher than the negative ones; they were 88% and 12%. Molecular diagnoses were used in this study. E. histolytica had highest individual incident followed by E.disbar then E. moshkoviskii : 56% 10%, and 1% respectively. Using significant level of 0.05, significant differences were appeared. Rates of mixed infections of E. histolytica + E. dispar followed by E. moshkoviskii + histolytica then E. moshkoviskii + E. dispar, which were 14%, 4%, and 2% respectively. Statistics shows significant differences between them at ? =0.05. Symptoms of individual incident of the three Amoeba sorts were observed and recorded. Patients who had E. histolytica, severed from acute diarrhea that ranged between mucous and watery texture, which its color contrast between brown and reddish brown. They had bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain that ranged from severe to moderate colic. They had also slight temperature increase and weight loss. For those who had E.disbar, abdominal pain and frequent pale yellow diarrhea that semi - aqueous texture were recorded. Symptoms of : moderate yellowish brown snotty diarrhea, abdominal pain and, weight loss were observed for those who had E. moshkoviskii. R.T.PCR (Taqman Probe) was used to isolate samples and to investigate the three pathogenic virulence genes, which are Cystiene Proteinase, Amebopore, and Gal/Gal Nac Lectin. This was done in each of Amoeba’s species using R.T.PCR (Syber Green). According to it, E. histolytica possesses Cystiene Proteinase 1, Amebopore, and Gal/Gal Nac Lectin at 86.6%, 80.35%, and 42.8% respectively. Non - significant differences were found at ? =0.05 between them. For E.disbar, result shows existence of the same pathogenic virulence genes at percentages of 65%, 45%, and 20% respectively. Result presents significant differences among percentage of genes isolation for the pathogenic virulence factors at ? =0.05. E. moshkoviskii had these three pathogenic virulence genes at percentage of 33.3% by isolating the virulence genes except Gal/Gal Nac Lactin, there were significant differences among them at ? =0.05. This study was conducted to understand the molecular characterization confirmatory of the three types of insulators parasite using traditional enzyme chain polymerize reaction as a first stage to investigate the 18s ribosomal RNA covenantal. It represents personal heritage of the three types of amoeba. Depending on the same gene, developed tree were analyzed for Amoeba’s species using method of Neighber - Joining among different groups of the stains for each species separately using MEGA6 program. Knowing convergence rates of the used stains and international isolators from NCBI, Blast program was used. Since there is no study has been done to study nitrogenous bases sequence for these three species, samples undertook molecular characterization confirmatory was registered in the national data base center (NCBI). International serial numbers were obtained and attached to the dissertation.

دراسة تاثير الفضة النانوية وسماد الجستار وحامض السالسليك في النمو والحاصل لنبات زهرة الشمس == Study The Effect of Nano Silver, Fertilizer Algastar And Salicylic Acid On Growth And Yield of Sunflower Helianthus Annuus L

Author name: وسن حمزة مزعل الشمري
Supervisor name: عبد الامير علي ياسين
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant - Physiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: اشتملت هذه الدراسة على ثلاث تجارب اثنتان منها مختبرية والثالثة حقلية وباهداف مختلفة على نبات زهرة الشمس. Helianthus annuus L. التجربة المختبرية الاولى نفذت بتاريخ 21/4/2013 ولغاية 1/5/2013 لمعرفة تاثير دقائق الفضة النانوية بتركيزين هما (, 2550) سم3. لتر | The study included three experiments, two laboratory and the third field experiment with different goals on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) the Spanish cv. Viki. The first laboratory experiment was performed from the period 21/4/2013 until 1/5/2013 to determin the effect of two nano silver concentrations 25 and 50 cm3/L and two concentrations organic fertilizer (Algastar) 0.75 and 1.5 g/L and two concentrations of salicylic acid 30 and 60 mg/L on seed and speed of germination of sunflower seeds by soaking the seed with above mentioned concentrations seperatly in addition to the control treatment which was soaked with distilled water only. The second laboratory experiment was perfomed from the period of 28/10/2013 until 4/12/2013. In this experiment sunflower seeds was soaked in 25, 50 cm3/ L nanosilver and 30, 60 mg/L of salicylic acid and the resulted plants were sprayed by 0.75, 1.5 g/L (Algastar) in addition to the control treatment during the third leaf stage to determine its impact on growth and shoot content of DNA, RNA and leaves content of oxidizing enzyme peroxidase and catalyase. The field experiment was carried out from the period of the agriculture 5/3/2013 until 18/6/2013 sixty five day after sowing the seeds the resulted plant shoots were sprayed with 25, 50 cm3/L of nanosilver, 0.75, 1.5 g/L of Algastar and salicylic acid 60, 120 mg/L in addition to the control treatment. The design of the first laboratory experiment was completely randomized design CRD with seven treatment and seven replication.The design of the second laboratory experiment was CRD with fifteen treatment combination and seven replications. The experiment design for the field experiment was rendomized complete randomized block design RCBD in factorial arrangement (3×3×3×3). The least significant difference LSD at 0.05% level was utilized for mean comparison, whenever treatment effect was evidents of Lab experiments. Resulted showed : - 1 - The use of silver nanoparticles, organic fertilizer (Algastar) and salicylic acid no effect neither on seed germination and nor to speed germination.2 - Results of the second laboratory experiment revealed that shoot content of of DNA, RNA was higher in plants resulted from soaking seeds with nanosilver and salicylic acid when sprayed by 1.5 g/L Algastar that with 0.75 g/L at the third leaf stages and leaves content of oxidative enzymes peroxidase, catalyase was higher when shoot were sprayed by 1.5 g/L organic fertilizer.The organic fertilizer Algastar in 1.5 g/L showed higher effect on all parameter studied in this experiment than 0.75 g/L. 3 - Treatment concentration of 50 cm3/L nanosilver and 1.5 g/L Algastar showed higher effect on plant height, number of root branches, fresh weight of shoot and root, leaf chlorophyll content as well as potassium, DNA, RNA and catalase enzyme.Results of the field experiment revealed 1 - The use of nano silver in 50 cm3/L /L had appositive effect on most vegetative parameters studied except stem diameter which was reduced at this concentrations.leaf content of auxins, seed content of DNA and RNA, phenols as well as protein, unsaturated fatty acid were also higher when 50 cm3/L of nanosilver was used while vicine content of the seed reduced. 2 - The use of organic fertilizer Algastar in 1.5 g/L improved most vegetative, flowering and the chemical constituents of seeds.But reduced stem diameter, seed content of vicine and saturated fatty acid 3 - Salicylic acid 120mg/L improved vegetative parameters and reduced stem diameter, seed content of vicine and saturated fatty acid (plmatic, stearic, archedic) and had no effect on specific leaf weight or seed content of saturated fatty acid myristic.4 - The interaction between of nanosilver and organic fertilizer revealed that concentrations of 50 cm3/L of nanosilver and 1.5 g/L of organic fertilizer improved vegetative and flowering parameters.Auxin content of the leaves, seed content of protein, phenoils, oil percentage and unsaturated fatty acid linoleic and oleic was higher at this treatment, But reduced vicine in seeds, and saturated fatty acids palmitic, stearic and had no effect on phosphours content of seeds and ? - linolenic.5 - The treatment concentration of 50 cm3/L nano silver and 120mg/L salicylic acid gave highest plant height, chorophyll content, auxins and seed content of phosphours, proteins and RNA while seeds saturated fatty acid (palmitic and stearic) were reduced to the a bove mentioned treatment concentration.6 - Treatment concentration of organic fertilizer and salicylic acid had fluctuate effect on parameter studied upon their concentrations.1.5 g/L of organic fertilizer and 120 mg/L salicylic acid increased protein, RNA, and linoleic acids of the seeds.Also 0.75 g/L of organic fertilizer and 120 mg/L salicylic acid increased ? - linolenic, but other treatment combination showed no effects on most parameters studied.7 - The three way interaction between nanosilver, organic fertilizer and salicylic acid reduced stem diameter and had no effect on leaf area, specific leaf weight, potassium, auxins, and seed content of vicine and seed oil percentage and oil production and fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, archedic, myristic, linoleic, oleic acid), but increased ? - linolenic.

استعمال بعض انواع الطحالب والنباتات المائية في المعالجة الحيوية لمياه محطات المعالجة في مدينة الديوانية - العراق == Using of Some Dominant Algae And Aquatic Plants In Bioremediation of Waste Water From Wastewater Plants In Al - Dewaniya City, Iraq

Author name: رائد كاظم عبد الاسدي
Supervisor name: فؤاد منحر علكم | حسين يوسف الركابي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Aquatic Environment
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية على نوعين من المياه العادمة الصناعية المطروحة من مصنع نسيج الديوانية والمياه العادمة البلدية من محطة معالجة الديوانية، وللمدة من ربيع 2011 الى ربيع 2012 وهدفت الى اجراء مراقبة فصلية لنوعية المياه الداخلة لمحطتي المعالجة والخارجة منها | The current study has been conducted on two types of waste water, industrial wastewater from Al - Dewaniyah textile factory station1, station 2 and municipal wastewater from Al - Dewaniyah wastewater treatment plant station 3, station 4 in the City of Al - Dewaniyah - Iraq., for the period from Spring2011 to Spring 2012 and targeted monitoring quarterly the quality of water entering and leaving the stations.The study also includes the evaluation of the efficiency of some algae and aquatic plants to improve water quality via bioremediation of some pollutants in the water. The evaluation of water quality includes18 parameters as confirmed on spatial and temporal changes of these parameters, as well as the algal contents of these four stations(S1, S2, S3and S4). The results of physical and chemical analysis show the following ranges of : temperature (12.5 - 41.5°C), total dissolved solids TDS(692 - 1384.6 mg/l), total suspended solids TSS(58 - 277.4 mg/l), electrical conductivity EC(1225 - 2045µS/cm2), pH(7.0 - 7.8), dissolved oxygen DO(0.7 - 8.51mg/l), biological oxygen demand BOD(48.82 - 205 mg/l), total alkalinity (170.7 - 428 mg/l), total hardness TH (412 - 1623.3 mg/l), calcium (89.7 - 204.14 mg/l), magnesium (37.7 - 332.5 mg/l), nitrite (0.43 - 12.25 mg/l), nitrate(6.18 - 63.75 mg/l), phosphate (0.813 - 20.24 mg/l), lead (0.0983 - 1.076 mg/l), chromium (0.007 - 0.045mg/l), cadmium (0.0374 - 0.326 mg/l) and the total algal number(17.00 - 14202 individual/l).The spatial and temporal variations show significant differences at(P?0.05) among studied factors in the different stations.The qualitative study of algae reports that the dominance is to the blue green algae(Cyanophyta)by 46%, then is followed by diatoms(Bacillariophyta) by 26% down with Dinophyta3%, according to Shannon - Wiener index of diversity (H), the fall and winter classified as severely polluted all around the stations 0.377 and 0.669, respectively, while summer and spring are moderate pollution of a category (II) and the values of (H) is1.374 and 1.395 respectively, in situ has been observed that the stations are classified as highly polluted and have been ranked within the category(I) and the stations arranged according to the pollution as S3 <S4< S2< S1.According to Species richness index the first station S1 is the best, follows by S4, S3 while S2 comes the last in order, but in the terms of total abundance has topped the third station S3 among the others, then followed by S4, S2 and finally S1. on the other hand the current study includs laboratory investigation to demonstrate the efficiency of algae and aquatic plants to improve water quality as it has been experimenting with immobilization of algae technique, a new method has been used for the first time at the local level in the current study. The results show that the immobilized algae Stigonema sp.and Cladophora glomerata have lowered the pH of the treated wastewater which began relatively high, as well as increasing dissolved oxygen concentrations at the end of the experiment all transactions free and immobilized treatments , on the other side TSS has been reduced about 61.8% when treated with immobilized algae C.glomerata, nitrite has also been reduced at about 96.7% and 85.5% by Stigonema sp.and C.glomerata respectively, nitrate also has been reduced by 99.9% and 95.2% when treated with Scendesmus dimorphus and C.glomerata respectively, while the removal of phosphate reaches its peak when it has been treated with free Stigonema sp. and immobilized S.dimorphus by 99.92% and 98.35% respectively.The tested algae shows a great ability to reduce heavy metals, when immobilized alga Oscillatoria sp. removes about 94.27% of Lead, while free Stigonema sp. and C.glomerata are the best in Chromium removal about 92.42% and 92.35% respectively, and the C.glomerata is the best in Cadmium processing, a reduced rate of 99.21% followed by immobilized S.dimorphus of 97.13%. The current study also involves a laboratory experiment to evaluate the potential of two aquatic plants duckweed (Lemna minor L.)and water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes Mart.(Solms.) in improving the quality of wastewater the tested plants have been worked at increasing the aeration of treated water by raising dissolved oxygen concentration about 85.26% and 84.4% for duckweed and water hyacinth, on the other hand the relative efficiency to reduce the pollutants by aquatic plants as follows : EC, NO2, NO3(31.66% and 28.45%, 55.7% and 50.01%, 55.7% and 13.3%)for duckweed and water hyacinth respectively, from another side water hyacinth is the most efficient in phosphate reducing at rate of 90.5% comparing with duckweed 49.78%.On the of heavy metals treatment the tested plants show a remarkable removal of lead 88.23% and 80.4% , chromium 97.84% and 95.18% for duckweed and water hyacinth respectively, with respect to cadmium, water hyacinth shows high efficiency in the removal of this metal by 98.14%, while duckweed is the least in the treatment of Cd by 81.8%. From the above results, the current study demonstrates that there are a spatial and temporal variations regarding the factors examined in the stations of wastewater treatment units and confirms that the efficiency of studied wastewater treatment stations is below the required level, which contributes in increasing the pollution of Al - Dewaniyah River, which is the unique source to supply the city with freshwater for all purposes, that receives large loads of pollutants.The study also confirms that the evaluation of the presence of algae in the studied stations.Thus the knowledge of algal composition could give an early warning and accurate assessment about the quality of sewage before dumping into river. In addition to the forgoing, it is concluded that the biological treatment (bioremediation) of wastewater using free and immobilized algae and aquatic plants have improved dramatically and tangibly the benefits of the quality of that water being a promising approach of the wastewater treatment as well as being low cost economically.

اليات استحثاث المقاومة في نبات الخيار بواسطة Trichoderma harzianum وBacillus subtilis وGlomus mosseae اتجاه الفطر Rhizoctonia solani المسبب لمرض سقوط البادرات == Resistance Mechanisms In Cucumber Plant By Trichoderma Harzianum, Bacillus Subtilis And Glomus Mosseae Against Rhizoctonia Solani Causing Seedling Disease

Author name: رباب مجيد عبد الذهيبي
Supervisor name: علي هاشم الموسوي | هادي مهدي عبود
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: نفذت هذه الدراسة للتحري عن اليات استحثاث المقاومة في نبات الخيار ضد الفطر الممرض Rhizoctonia solani بوساطة المعاملة بالعوامل الاحيائية وهي harzianum Trichodermaو Bacillus subtilis وGlomus mosseae وتاثير ذلك في نمو نبات الخيار وحاصله النامي تحت ظروف البيت | This study was carried out to investigate the mechanisms of induced resistance in cucumber plant against pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani by bioeagent factors Tricoderma harzianum fungus, Basillus sibtilis bacteria and mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae. The effect in parameters growth and yield of cucumber plant which growing under greenhouse and field conditions. The pathogenic fungus showed high Pathogenesis on cucumber plant. Three isolated of B. subtilis and T. harzianum showed high antagonism ability against R. solani under laboratory condition. For mycorrhizal fungus G. mosseae isolated was tested to study their ability in cucumber growth for chosen the best isolated which can used in anther experiment which results were as follows : - A - Pots experiment 1 - The bioeagent factors was showed their ability to induced several mechanisms of resistance in cucumber plant against pathogenic fungus R. solani, Which included increasing the activity of defense enzymes in existed of pathogenic fungus R. solani, The treatment (T. harzianum + G. mosseae) was recorded highest level in enzyme activity of Phenylalanine ammonia layase enzyme which was (25.3541) unit/gm fresh weight, While T. harzianum treatment showed significantly increased the enzyme activity of Polyphenol oxidase and Peroxidase which was (10.6707, 2.6137) unit/gm fresh weight respectively. This study showed no enzyme activity for chitinase enzyme excepted in some treatment and some periods.This study recorded increased in plant content of total phenol, lignin, salicylic acid hormone, total protein, The (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) treatment overtaken on other treatments in increased plant content of total phenol which was (1.989) mg/gm fresh weight, B. subtilis treatment was significantly increased plant content of lignin which was (18.318) mg/gm fresh weight, The treatment (T.harzianum+ B. subtilis) showed significantly increased plant content of salicylic acid hormone which was (1.8658) mg/gm fresh weight. This study recorded no Jasmonic acid hormone activity in treated plant except in some treatments but with low level, The treatment (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) was recorded highest content in total protein which was (239.3) ?g/mg. 2 - The rate of seedling death and disease index was significantly reduced in bioeagent treatments, The lowest rate for seedling death in the treatment of (G. mosseae + B. subtilis), (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) and (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) which were 11 % each for them comparison with control treatmentwith pathogen which was 100%.3 - The rate number of spores and percentage of mycorrhiza infection was significantly increased when mycorrhizal fungus G. mosseae interaction with T. harzianum or B. subtilis. The treatment of mycorrhiza infection with pathogen recorded highest number of mycorrhizal spores which was (1410) spore. The mycorrhiza infection reach to 100% in (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) and(G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) treatment with pathogen fungus. The treatment of (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) without pathogen recorded highest index of mycorrhiza infection which reach to (80)%, But the index of mycorrhiza infection and mycorrhizal root weight were decreased in the existed of pathogenic fungus, Mycorrhizal dependency it was increased in all treatments with pathogenic fungus and the treatment of (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) with pathogen recorded highest percentage in Mycorrhizal dependency which was (58.873)%. 4 - The plant content of chlorophyll (a, b, total) was significantly increased, The tratment of (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) with pathogen recorded highest level in chlorophyll a it was (5.30)mg/gm, the highest level in chlorophyll b found in(G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) without pathogen it was (6.07)mg/gm, (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) treatment without pathogen recorded highest level in total chlorophyll it was (10.79)mg/gm. The concentration of phosphor concentration increased in shoot part of (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) without pathogen which was (0.538)%, potassium concentration were decreased in all treatments with pathogen excepted (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) treatment, The highest level of potassium in treatment of (B. subtilis) without pathogen which recorded (4.65)%, For nitrogen concentration was increased in all treatments with pathogen and the highest level in (T.harzianum) which was (5.114)%. Carbon concentration significantly decreased in all treatments with pathogen and (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) without pathogen recorded highest concentration in carbon which was (46.203)%. 5 - The result showed that all growth parameters either in the absence or presence of pathogenic fungus was significantly increased in all bioagent treatments.The percentage of germination reach to (100)% in (B. subtilis) with or without pathogen , the treatment (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) with pathogen recorded highest level in shoot length it was (92.40)cm, And the same treatment recorded highest rate in fresh and dry weight for shoot part which was (7.412, 0.990) gm respectively, (T.harzianum) without pathogen recorded highest rate in leaf area it was (453.083)cm2, The highest rate of flower number was in (T.harzianum) with pathogen which was (15.66)flower/plant. The fresh and dry weight for root, root length, root surface area and the rate of root diameter were significantly increased in comparison with control treatment without pathogen. The treatment of (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) without pathogen recorded highest level in fresh and dry weight for root which were (0.359, 0.094)gm respectively. Highest root length in (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) without pathogen it was (48.14)cm, root surface area decreased in the treatments with pathogen and the treatment (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) without pathogen recorded highest root surface area it was (19.16)cm 2, The root diameter was increased in(G. mosseae) with pathogen was reach to (0.363)mm.B - Field experiment 1 - Under field condition the percentage of germination increased in the treatment without pathogen which were (94.44)% in treatments (G. mosseae) , (B. subtilis) and (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) respectively, In the treatments with pathogen the percentage of germination reduced and The bioeagent factors showed no reduction in percentage of disease infection or disease index with pathogenic fungi R. solani under field condition which reach to (100)%. 2 - The rate number of spores, percentage of mycorrhiza infection, index of mycorrhiza infection, mycorrhizal root weight and Mycorrhizal dependency on cucumber plant significantly increased when mycorrhizal fungus G. mosseae interaction with T. harzianum or B. subtilis. (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) significantly overtaken on other treatments in increased rate of mycorrhizal spors it was (3950)spore, The mycorrhiza infection reach to (100)% in all treatments, For index of mycorrhiza infection the treatments of (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) and (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) recorded highest rate which reach to (100)%, (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) treatment recorded high increased in mycorrhizal root weight and Mycorrhizal dependency which were (545.67 gm, 67.78%) respectively. 3 - The plant content of total chlorophyll was significantly increased, The highest level in(G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) treatment which was 5.19 mg/gm. There was significantly increased in the concentration of nutrition elements P, K, N, C in cucumber plant. The treatment (T.harzianum+ B. subtilis) recorded highest concentration in phosphor and nitrogen which were (489.4, 3.62) % respectively, The treatment of (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) recorded highest concentration of potassium which was (2.975)%. The highest concentration of carbon recorded in B. subtilis treatment which was (34.823) %. 4 - All shoot, root and yield parameters of cucumber were significantly increased under field conditions. The treatment (T.harzianum+ B. subtilis) recorded significantly increased in plant height, dry shoot weight, leaf area rate number of flowers, rate number of fruit and fruit weight which were (42.87 cm, 10.85 gm, 631.06 cm2, 19, 17, 1275 gm) respectively. The treatment G. mosseae recorded significantly increased in fresh shoot weight which was (32.76) gm. The treatment with (T.harzianum+ B. subtilis) recorded significantly increased in fresh and dry weight of root, root length, root surface area, rate of root diameter, rate number of fruit and fruit weight which were (11.4 gm, 5.5 gm, 151.71 cm, 44.05 cm2, 0.763 mm, 17, 1275 gm) respectively,

دراسة مقارنة لتاثير بعض المستخلصات النباتية وبعض الاحماض الكاربوكسيلية في البكتريا المسببة لالتهابات الحروق == Comparative Study of The Effect of Some Plants Extract And Carboxylic Acids On Contaminating Bacteria In Burns Infection

Author name: سـعاد خليـل ابراهيـم
Supervisor name: مهدي ضمد القيسي | جنان مجيد العقيدي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Bacteria
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: جمعت (500) عينة من المرضى المصابين بالحروق من ثلاث مستشفيات في مدينة بغداد للمدة من 1/6/2007 ولغاية 1/11/2007. زرعت هذه المسحات على الاوساط الزرعية للعزل الاولى وتم تشخيصها بالفحوصات المظهرية والبايوكيميائية. اظهرت (489) عينة ملوثة بالبكتريا وبنسبة | • Five hundreds swabs were collected from patients suffered from burns in three hospitals of Baghdad city, for the period from 1st June 2006 to 1st November 2007. The swabs were implanted in order to be isolated and diagnosed by morphological and biochemical tests. • The results showed that 489 swabs were contaminated with bacteria (97.8%), while 11 swabs were not (2.2%). The identification and prevalence of the bacteria was as follow Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in 148 swabs (30.27%), Klebsiella pneumoniae in 102 (20.26%), Staphylococcus aureus in 79 (16.16%), Escherichia coli in 70 (14.31%), Proteus mirabilis in 52 (10.63%) and Enterobacter cloacae in 38 (7.77%). • Information card for each patient was assigned included age, sex, time of suffering from burns, social status and address.• The degrees of suffering were as follow : - First degree of burns, 201 cases (40.2%). - Second degree, 187 cases (37.4%). - Third degree, 112 cases (22.4). Sensivity test to antibiotic and was done for all the isolated bacteria, and it was found, that, they were sensitive to Vancomycin, Ciprofloxacin, Amikacin, Tetracyclin and Fusidic acid within the percentage ratio of 0.0, 59.1, 3.7, 58.5 and 11.6%, respectively. Also it was found that the investigated bacteria showed high Vesistance to Penicillin G (87.9%), Erythromycin (93.9%), Trimethoprim (100%), Carbencillin (83.9), Cefotaxime (63.4%), Ampicillin (75.9%), Gentamycin (67.9%), Streptomycin (83.6%), Nalidix acid (89.4%) and Linomycin (83.2%). o Searching for the active compounds in the extracts of investigated plants (Linum usitatissimum, Nigella sativa and Eruca sativa) was conducted. It was found, that, the seeds of the three plants contained Glycosides, Alkalis, Flavonoids, Soapiness and Resins, which are not water soluble, but could be detected by the alcoholic extraction. Cumarin was noticed in the seeds of N. sativa and E. sativa only. o Different concentrations of water and alcohol extracts were prepared in addition to the isolation of oils, soapiness and Flavonids. The effectiveness of the extracts was tested at the concentration of 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 mg/ml for all the plants, against the bacteria.o The Phenol, water and alcohol extracts of L. usitatissimum and E. sativa showed high effect against the bacterial species, while that of N. sativa was less affective.o The Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), was found to be different according to the type of extract and the species of bacteria.o The effects of the organic acids (Acetic, Citric, and Lactic) were tested at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3 and 4% of each acid. An increase in the diameter of inhibition area, related with the increase in the acid concentrations, was detected. It was found that the acetic acid was more affective against the microorganisms, followed by the Citric acid and then the Lactic acid.o on the base of ratios of inhibition area diameters (in vitro), the results illustrated that E. coli was more affected by Acetic acid when the diameters reached 18.75, 21.75, 30.75, 38.25, 40.00 and 44.75 mm, respectively. The concentration of 1.5% was the effective enough against E. coli as diameters rates for P. mirabilis were 19.25, 18.25, 18.0, 22.56, 27.75 and 31.0 mm, respectively, followed by Ps. aeruginosa, S. aurues and En. cloacae when exposed to the optimum concentrations of Acetic, Citric, Lactic acids. The diameters at concentration of 4% were 23.50 and 23.66 mm. o The water extracts from all the involved plants, in addition to the organic acids showed good levels of effectiveness against the different studied bacterial species, when suffered by burns rats were exposed to them. A clear decrease in bacteria numbers in these rats in comparison with non - treated animals, in the swabs removed from the treated and non - treated rats, in addition to the absence of any histophathalogical changes in livers and skins of the treated animals. o Biochemical tests of serums from animals treated with the water extracts and organic acids at concentration of 16 mg/Kg and 18 mg/Kg for seven days and the microscope investigation, proved that these compounds were not toxic.o The effects of the water extracts and the organic acids were studied too from the point of the immunity point of view. An increase in the Levels of IgG and IgA of the supplementary systems C3 and C4 was noticed in the suffered from burns in general. The levels of IgG and IgA tended to be normal after the treatments with the water extract from the studied plants and with the organic acids.o The L D50 of N. sativa and E. sativa was 18 mg/kg while it was 16 mg/Kg of L. usitatissimum.

تحمل التراكيب الوراثية من الذرة الصفراء Zea mays L. للاجهاد المائي بتاثير البرولين == The Tolerance of Maize (Zea Mays L.) Genotypes To The Water Stress Under Proline Influence

Author name: قيود ثعبان يوسف الاسدي
Supervisor name: عبد عون هاشم علوان الغانمي | عبد الجاسم محيسن جاسم الجبوري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant - Physiology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Rp-The-Tolerance-of-maize-Zea-mays-L.-Genotypes-to-the-Water-Stress-under-Proline-Influence.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة في حقل خاص لمنطقة البركة (30) كم شمال شرق مدينة كربلاء اثناء موسم النمو 2012للعروتين الربيعية والخريفية باستعمال الاصص البلاستيكية. هدفت الدراسة معرفة تاثير الاجهاد المائي والرش بحامض البرولين وتداخلاتها في المؤشرات المظهرية والفسلجية و| This study was conducted in a private field at Albargah district (30Kms) northern east of Karbala city during spring and fall of 2012 growing season using plastic pots. The goal was assess the effect of water stress, foliar application of proline and their interactions on characteristics morphological, physiological and nutritional status of three genotypes of maize namely : Serour, 5018, and Baghdad - 3.The characteristics included root's volume, root's length, root's diameter, root's dry weight, plant height, leaves number, leaf area, shoot dry weight, root/shoot ratio, absolute and relative growth rates and content of chlorophyll and proline in the leaves. The nutritional status included, the concentration, the contents and the rates of absorption and transport of N, P, K, Ca and Mg.In addition to the molecular study which included the technique of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) DNA. A Factional experiment within Completely Randomized Design (C.R.D.) was adopted i.e. three genotypes of maize namely : Serour, 5018, and Baghdad - 3, proline (0, 50, 100 and 150) mg. L - 1 and two levels of field capacity (50 and 100) % with three replicates in a total of 72 experimental units.Means were compared using the least significant difference (LSD) at 0.05 probability level. Results could be summarized as follow : 1 - Genotypes significantly differed in the studied traits.The cultivar 5018 gave the highest values of root's volume, root's length, root's diameter, root's dry weight, plant height, and root/shoot ratio for spring and fall cultivations.The same cultivar gave higher values of P%, Ca%, Mg% in roots and the content of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in roots, rates of absorption and transport of N, P and Ca in spring and fall cultivations.Leaves P%, Ca% and Mg %, leaves Mg content and absorption and transport of Mg in fall cultivation. on the other hand, Serour cultivar give higher values of leaves number, leaf area, shoot dry weight, absolute and relative growth rates, content of chlorophyll and N% in root in spring and fall cultivation. P% in leaves in fall cultivation, leaves K% in both cultivation, content of N, P, K and Ca of shoot in both cultivations, shoot's Mg content of shoot in fall cultivation, content of N, P, K and Ca of shoot in both cultivation and Mg content of shoot in fall cultivations. Baghdad - 3 cultivar give higher values of proline content, Mg% in roots in both cultivations, shoot Mg% in fall cultivations, absorption and transport rates of K in fall cultivation, transport rate of Ca in spring and fall cultivations and absorption and transport rates of Mg in fall cultivation. 2 - Apart from Ca% of root in spring and fall cultivation, the proline markedly influenced all the rest traits where 100 mg. L - 1 proline gave the highest values compared to control treatment (i.e. 0 proline) that gave the lowest values. The proline at 50 and 150 mg. L - 1 gave intermediate values for all studied traits. 3 - Apart from some cases, 100% field capacity treatment gave higher values of most studied parameters. The field capacity of 50% gave higher values of N% and K% in roots and leaves, the content of N and K of roots and shoots and rates of absorption and transport rates of K in spring and fall cultivations. on the other hand, there was no effect of field capacity on Ca% of roots and shoots in spring and fall cultivation and Mg% of roots in spring cultivations. 4 - Bi and Tri interactions effect was profound on most studied characteristics. 5 - Through molecular study that including isolation of DNA in leaves of maize , a quantity of DNA ranging between 150 - 290 nano - gram / ?l with 1.8 - 1.9 purity was obtained. The differentiation of (RAPD) DNA was analyzed in order to prepare the finger print of maize genotypes. Six primers were tested (OPA - 09, OPA - 11, OPA - 13, OPC - 12, OPD - 20 and OPN - 16). The primers revealed different multiplication products between genotypes.The least value of genetic distance was 0.4103 between 5018 and Baghdad - 3genotypes, while the highest value of genetic distance was 0.7932 between Serour and 5018 genotypes.Data analysis revealed that these genotypes are divided into two main groups namely : group included 5018 and Baghdad - 3 genotypes, and group included Serour genotype only.

دراسة جزيئية عن جين المقاومة mecA في بكتريا العنقودية الذهبية المقاومة للمشيسلين والمعزولة من بعض مستشفيات بغداد == Molecular Study For Detection of Meca Gene In Methicillin - Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated From Some Hospital In Baghdad City

Author name: لمى ياسين موسى
Supervisor name: محمد ابراهيم نادر
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Institute Of Genetic Engineering And Biotechnology - Department Of Biotechnology
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Two hundred and thirty clinical specimens were collected from two different hospitals in Baghdad during the period (December 2012 to April 2013). These specimens were collected from visitors, hospitalized patients and the health care workers in these hospitals. The specimens included nasal swab, wound swab, burn swab, abscess and pus, sputum, ear swab, urine and blood culture diagnostic results show that 150 out of the (230) specimens gave positive bacterial cultures and (100) isolates are characterized as Staphylococcus aureus depending on the cultural and biochemical examinations.the coagulase test was performed and the results showed that from total 150 isolates of Staphylococci, 100 isolates (61%) were coagulase - positive (COPS), while only 50 isolates (39%) were coagulase negative (CONS). In addition, the distribution of methicillin resistance among Staphylococcus spp. was investigated.The use of the antibiotic susceptibility profile for these isolates was examined against methicillin resistance. Using disk diffusion method revealed that (13) isolates were proved to be methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), While (87) isolates of S. aureus showed sensitivity to methicillin (MSSA) and there was no intermediate resistance among these isolates.The ability of MRSA isolates to produce some virulence factors were investigated and the results showed that MRSA isolates produce many enzymes and toxins that contributed in their virulence such as protease, urease, dnase and gelatinase, and also produce a beta types of haemolysins.The ability to produce slime layer by MRSA isolates was also investigated and the results showed that all isolates of MRSA were produced slime layer when theytested by Congo red agar method and the results showed that all of MRSA isolates produced strong slime layer.One of the aims of this study was to adopted a accurate diagnostic method to detect S.aureus by its genetic material contents through extracting of DNA and gel electrophoresis of the PCR product for the specific gene.Detection of methicilline - resistance gene represented by A confirmatory test was carried out for the selected isolates using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for further characterization up to the species level by the amplification of (mecA) gene.This is Staphylococcus aureus specific gene that encodes the extra Penicillin Binding Protein, which is unique to methicillin - resistant staphylococci. All the (13) positive isolates by disk diffusion test are found to be positive for the presence of (mecA) gene as their agarose gel revealed the presence of DNA band of mecA gene with a molecular size about (200 bp.).Results of the detecting (femB) gene showed that it was positive in all of MRSA isolates as they appear to have a band with a molecular size of about (651 bp). The genetic determinants of methicillin resistance mecA and femB genes were amplified using multiplex PCR technique in order to identify methicillin resistant (mecA+) and susceptible (lacking mecA) staphylococci and to differentiate S. aureus (femB+) from coagulase negative staphylococci (lacking femB). All of the S. aureus isolates (100%) were found to harbor femA gene, it is species specific marker for S. aureus.

دراسة وبائية لاميبا النسج في مدينة كركوك وعلاقته بالجذور الحرة في مصل دم المصابين == Epidemiological Study On Entamoeba Histolytica In Kirkuk City And Its Relationship With Free Radicals In Blood Serum of Infected Persons

Author name: ليما طارق يواش لازار
Supervisor name: شهاب احمد محمد الجبوري | محمد عبد العزيز قادر
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية فحص 600 عينة غائط للمرضى المراجعين لمستشفى الاطفال في مدينة كركوك للفترة من 1/12/2010 الى 17/7/2011 للتحري عن طفيلي Entamoeba histolytica.تم فحص عينات الغائط بطريقة المسحة المباشر باستخدام المجهر الضوئي للكشف عن الاطوار المتغذية وال | The present study includes the examination of stool sample of patients attended pediatric hospital in Kirkuk city for period from 1st of December till 17th July 2011 for detection of Entamoeba histolytica.The stool samples were examined by direct wet mount method, using light microscope for detection of trophozoites and cysts stages of parasite. The study showed that the rate of infection with E. histolytica / E. dispar was 21.67% (130 of 600). The cystic stages were dominant in infected stool samples which being 53.85% (70 of 130), while the trophozoite stage was 15.38 % (20 of 130). The epidemiological survey based on direct stool examination showed the rate of infection among females was 23.07% (60 of 260) in comparison with males 20.59% (70 of 340). The highest rate of infection was among the age group 1 - 5 years 25.5% (69 of 270). The highest rate was also in children of illiterate parents 26.1% (68 of 260). The biochemical tests were carried out to estimate serum cholesterol, triglycerides, GOT, GPT, malondialdehyde (MDA) and selenium. The study showed that the level of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, GOT, GPT, malondialdehyde increased in infected patients in comparison with healthy controls, while the study showed decreased selenium concentration in infected patients in comparison with healthy controls. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was done to estimate serum IgG level for Entamoeba histolytica, the rate of seropositivity for IgG was 21.68% (18 of 83). The rate of IgG in positive sample was 17.73% (7 of 41) while in negative sample was 26.19% (11 of 42).

تاثير بعض شدد المجبل المغنبطيسي المستقر في بعض المتغيرات الدمية والكيموحيوية والنسجية للفئران البيض Balb - C - albino Effect of Static Magnetic Fields In Some Physiological And Histological Aspects In Mice == Effect of Static Magnetic Fields In Some Physiological And Histological Aspects In Mice

Author name: نضال ابراهيم لطيف الحداد
Supervisor name: عبد علي ذاكر | عماد عبد الرحمن محمد صالح
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology - Histology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Anbar - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Anbar
First pages:
Abstract: Study includes following up of measuring the total dissolved protein and enzymes in different body organs and the structural changes (Histological)occurring in the testis and epididymis and liver and kidney of the male mice, in addition, the study includes following up of must the hematological and Hormones changes.This study consists of three experiments.The first experiment involved exposing male mice directly for thirty consecutive day to three different magnetic stressed 750, 1500, 3000 Gauss The second experiment involved exposing pregnant mothers directly during pregnancy, amounting to 21 consecutive days for the same intensites and after the end of exposure and the occurrence of birth was taking male embryos left until puberty to conduct the study by the third experiment involved SMF same intensites also for a period of 30 days after the end of the period of exposure was that males paired with females and left until the birth then was taking male embryos left until adulthood to conduct the study at the end of each experiment and weighed the animals and took blood samples and explained and eradicated all organs (liver, kidney the heart and spleen) for the first test and (liver and kidney) for the second and third as the experience was detected changes in the total dissolved proteins amount were observed using the method of Biuret and those on protein band resolved on polyacrylamide electrophoresis PAGE.Also the effect of SMFs on the activity of each of the enzymes ACP, ALP, ALT and AST was estinmated using the Spectroscopic method. Electrophoresis was used to observe effects on enzymic bands of Esterase on PAGE. In addition to biochemical variables included enzymatic antioxidants, which included enzymatic SOD, CATand MDA as has been the follow - up blood changes which included the amount of hemoglobin Hb, PCV, WBC, RBC and platelet counts and blood Were estimated as the concentration of each of the hormones (prolactin, LH, FSH) and testosterone hormone as eradicated all of the right testis and epididymic for the first experiment and excised portions of the liver and kidney for the second and third experiment and they were used to prepare histological sections for the histological studies.The tissues were sectioned and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin stain using the routine histological techniques.The result of the study could summarized as follows : - - The Results of this study showed was an increase not significant (p?0.05) in body weight It also showed decrease not significant (p?0.05) In the liver and spleen weight either kidney, heart weight did not change in any weights appears when 750 and 1500 gauss either at 3000 gauss intensity was significantly increased and clear (P?0.05) compared with control animals.—There was a significant in (MDA, AST, ALT, ACP, ALK, TP) To extract the liver, kidney, heart and spleen male mice exposed to three different stressed 3000, 1500, 750 gauss As for the enzymes(CAT, SOD) Showed a significantdecrease in heart, kidney, spleen extract to mice exposed and rise significantly in the liver of mice exposed to stressed above the first experiment, there was no significant increase in the activity of enzymes (ACP, ALK, TP) And an increase in the activity of moral enzymes(MDA, SOD, CAT, AST, ALT) In liver extract and kidney male mice second experiment compared with control animals. The third experiment, there was no significant increase in the activity of enzymes (ACP, ALK, TP) And an increase in the activity of moral enzymes(MDA, SOD, CAT, AST, ALT) Liver extract in male mice third experiment compared with the control animals in either extract kidney male mice third experiment, there was not significant increase in (SOD, CAT, AST, ALT, ACP, ALK, TP) And a significant increase in the activity of the enzyme (MDA compared with control animals - The results showed some changes in the intensity and number of protein bands to extract four organs first experience at three 3000, 1500, 750 gauss compared with animal control and extract the liver and kidney for the second test and third at all intensities when electrophoresis was carried out on PAGE. - The results showed that there are some changes in the intensity and number of enzyme bands esteras in the extract of the four organs of the first experiment at 3000, 1500, 750 gauss compared with animal control and extract the liver and kidney for the second test and third at all intensities when electrophoresis was carried out on PAGE. - Results of the first experiment showed significant increase (P?0.05) in each of the(Hb, PCV, PLT and RBC) Animals exposed to either 1500.750 gauss at 3000 gauss intensity rise was not significant (P?0.05) compared with control animals. The results showed a significant decrease (P?0.05) in WBC at all intensities compared with control animals at all intensities.Results of the second and third experiment showed not significant increase (RBC, PCV, Hb and PLT) and not significant (P? 0.05) in WBC at all intensities compared with control animals at all intensities. - The results of the first experiment showed that there was significantly higher (P?0.05) in the LH hormone when exposed to the three stressed 3000, 1500, 750 gauss compared with control animals. there was a significant decrease (P?0.05) in each of the hormonal FSH prolactin When the exposed to the three stressed 3000, 1500, 750 gauss compared with control animals, but the Testosteron hormone has decreased at 750 gauss a significant decrease (P?0.05) compared with control animals. - The results of the first experiment not significant decrease (P?0.05) in the testis and epididymis weight of the animals exposed to 1500 and 750 gauss compared with control animals either at 3000 gauss intensity, there was a significant increase (P?0.05) in both organs weight compared with control animals. Histological studies showed the significant decrease in the diameter and thickness of epithelial tissue of the seminiferous tubules and epididymis tubules and duct efferentes inthe 750and 1500 Gauss/where appeared where appeared in epithelial tissue is incomplete and thinner than in the animal control either when the intensity of 3000 gauss there was a significant decrease diameters and high padded her cells and appeared in epithelial tissue integrated compared with animals control. - Histological study showed the liver of male experience the second occurrence of some histological changes in the central vein and semi - sinus blood and prepare Kupffer cells and epithelial cells lining compared with control animals. And the lack of any histological changes in male mice kidney second experiment and stressed 3000, 1500, 750 gauss compared with control animals.Histological study also showed the liver third male mice experiment that no histologic changes at 3000, 1500, 750 gauss compared with control animals either the kidney of male mice have shown some changes in some histological structures at 750, 1500 and 3000 Gauss, compared with control animals

استجابة ثلاثة اصـناف من حنطة الخبز Triticum aestivum L. باضافة سماد NPKZn والرش بالجبرلين == Response of Three Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) 3With Gasprying Fertilizer And NPKZn Cultivars To

Author name: عبد الجبار جاسم جريان
Supervisor name: عباس جاسم حسين الساعدي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant - Physiology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: A field study was conducted at the farm of Biological Dpartment, College of Education (Ibn Al - Haitham) University of Baghdad during the grown season 2013 - 2014, to study the effect of compound fertilizer NPKZn (15 : 15 : 15 : 1) - Turkish origin was introduced to Iraq recently - in both ) 3(GA acid Gibberellicvarious concentrations of with morphological and chemical indicators, the components of yield, some quality and biological characteristics of three varieties of the Iraqi wheat (Bohoth 22, Alfath, Bohoth158). Experiment was carried out according to the design of complete sectors of randomization [Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD)].160) (0 of fertilizer, two levels used experiment Asthree replicates, with ) 015, 100, acid concentrations (25, 50 Gibberellicof fourand 1 - .hKg and three varieties of as well as to the treatment of comparison 1 - .lmg wheat. So the expriement was factorial on (2 x 5 x 3).It included 90 experimental units..The study of components of yield have gone on its : 1. There is difference in these three different varieties Bohoth 22, Alfath, and Bohoth 158 in the studied indicators.The class Bohoth 158 exceeds on the other categories in the following phenotypic indicators (dry weight of vegetative part, space of flag leaf and sustainability of biomass), with increase as like {(17.85, 11.37), (14.66, 7.33) and (17.02, 14.24)}%, respectively, while Bohoth 158 significantly exceeds on the other varieties absolute growth rate. And also the differences were significant between varieties in the following chemical indicators (phosphorus and calcium content and the percentage of protein in the grain) and in the components of yield there was significant increase in the (spike length with awn and without its, the number of spikes, weight of spike and its grains, weight of grains in spike and grains yield), while in the Bohoth 158 there was a significant increase in qualitative and rheological characteristics for the following qualities, (the proportion of wet and dry Glutine, flour absorption susceptibility of water, sedimentation values, ash content in coarse bran compared to others two classes. 2. The results of the study showed that the transactions under the influence of fertilizer has excelled significantly in all the study indicators (morphological and chemical components of yield, quality and rheological) with the exception of the dry weight of roots. acid was the best among Gibberellic 1 - .lmgof 100 concentration 3. The the concentrations giving him the highest average of indicators of morphological and physiological components of yield, quality and rheological. and spray 1 - 160 Kg.hbetween the manure level overlap 4. The result Gibberelllic acid showed 1 - mg.l 100 of concentration under the significant increase in all studied indicators except for the (dry weight of roots, the sustainability of biomass, and 1000 - grain weight) 5.The trio overlap transactions showed exceeding of Bohoth 158 nder the influence u 1 - .hKg160 in level fertilizer of add ithw significantly 22 Bohothcategories : other acid onGibberellic of 1 - .lmgof spraying 100 and Alfath in the following indicators : Dry weightof the flag leaf, spike length with awn, number of spikes, grains yield, the percentage of dry Glutine and the values of sedimentation.

التاثيرات النسيجية والدمية والكيموحيوية لفلوريد الصوديوم على بعض اعضاء الجسم في الارانب المحلية == Histological, Haematological And Biochemical Effects of Sodium Fluoride On Some Body Organs of Local Rabbits

Author name: مقداد احمد شهاب
Supervisor name: هاشم محمد عبد الكريم العلاق
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://qu.edu.iq/repository/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-ilovepdf-compressed.pdf
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study had been carried out to elucidate the toxic effects of sodium fluoride on local rabbit males, this study involved determination of the histological Changes of some organs include (Testes, Liver and Kidney) , moreover study the changes in body weight of the animals and the percentage of organs weight and some blood parameters and biochemistry which include packed cell blood volume (PCV), Hemoglobin (Hb), Total white blood cells, Testosterone hormone, T3, T4 hormones, Glucose concentration, Cholesterol, Urea, Transaminase enzymes and Bilirubin - level in blood. Twenty local adult male rabbits were included this experiment their ages ranged between 10 - 14 months.The animals were treated with oral swallow for 12 weeks. The animals were divided into four groups : control group is treated orally with (0.9%) normal saline; First group was treated orally with 10 mg/kg of body weight sodium fluoride, second group was treated orally with 20 mg/kg of body weight sodium fluoride and third group was treated orally with 30 mg/kg of body weight sodium fluoride. The results of present study showed a significant decreased (P<0.05) in body weight of treated animals with dose of sodium fluoride 20 and 30 mg/kg of body weight, while there is no significant differences in the body weights of treated animals with sodium fluoride dosage of 10 mg/kg of body weight when to compared with control group. The percentage of organ weight to body weight showed a significant decrease in testis weights and liver weight, while there was no significant differences in kidney weight in treated group with sodium fluoride when to compared with control group. Concerning histological changes showed a reduction or freezed stages in spermatogenesis processes which timed with decrease in number of primary spermatocytes and secondary spermatocytes in addition to infiltration of lymphocytes, also found that NaF cause disorganization, denudation, and reduction in germinal epithelial cells of the seminiferous tubules and associated with absence of sperm in the lumina, also showed a decrease in radius of epididymus ducts and decrease in number of sterocilia and decrease number of mature sperms. Histological sections of kidney showed that there was a clear shrinkage of glumeruli.Histological section of kidney of animals that treated with sodium fluoride showed a mild blood vessels congestion, shrinkage in glumeruli, distributed in renal tubules and erode its epithelium with some apoptotic areas. The liver sections appeared appreciable effect with fluoride include dilation in central vein and erode to its epithelium, congestion in hepatic sinusoids with apoptosis and erode to general structure of liver with some of inflammatory cells and death in some cells which lead to erode of typical ray arrangement. Regarding blood parameters the present study showed a significant decrease (P<0.01) in percentage of (PCV) and (Hb) of the animals treated with sodium fluoride, while showed (WBCs) count significant increased compared with control group. Hormonal analysis (Testosterone, T3 and T4) showed a significant decrease, while significant increase of glucose, cholesterol, urea, transaminases enzymes for (AST, ALT) and bilirubin levels. Results obtained from this study and mentioned above may be attributed essentially to that of Naf administration results in sever lesion of male reproductive system wich may be aggravated with increase administration concentration of Naf.

حركية بعض العناصر النزرة في النظام البيئي لنهر الديوانية == Kinetic of Some Trace Elements In The Ecosystem of Al - Diwaniya River

Author name: حيدر مشكور حسين
Supervisor name: باسم يوسف الخفاجي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: The current study was conducted to understand the Relationship among concentration of selected of trace elements(Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, Lead and Zinc) in some trophic levels, water, and sediments, in Al - Diwaniya River. Samples were collected monthly for water, sediments, plant Phragmites australis (Cav.), phytoplankton, zooplankton, and two species of fish. from May (summer) 2013 up to April(spring) 2014 from three sites in Al - Diwaniya river. The current study included determine some physical and chemical parameters such as air and water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, Total dissolved solids, Salinity, Light Penetration, Turbidity, Dissolved oxygen, the Biological Oxygen Demand, Total Organic Carbon of sediment, determined of the soil texture; and some trace elements in abiotic component such as water (dissolved and particulate), and in sediment, and so in biotic component included plant P. australis, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and two species of fish females (Cyprinus carpio) and (Tilapia zilli). The results showed that the air and water temperature ranged between (16.4039.55) ?C; (11.42 - 30.57) ?C respectively. The study also demonstrated that the pH values were neutral tend to light alkaline and ranged between (7.34 - 8.10), the electrical conductivity ranged between (7021 7021 - 7947 7947) µs/cm. while the TDS, ranged between (09.502 09.502 - 729950. 729950.) mg/l, according to the values of salinity ranged between (0.773 - 0.954)‰ the water of the river was classified as Oligohaline, while the values of Light Penetration ranged between (28.81 - 120.61)cm, and the turbidity ranged between (43.26 - 55.78) NTU, also showed dissolved oxygen as its value ranged between (45729 45729 - 7.979) mg/l, while the biological oxygen demand showed value ranged between (1.123 - 2.627) mg/l, The values of total organic carbon in sediments ranged between (0.440 - 1.045)%, While the sediment texture was sandy - silt in the first site, and sandy - clay in the both two and three sites of Al - Diwaniya river. Results of Concentration of trace elements (Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, Lead and Zinc) in dissolved part ranged between (252222. 252222. - 2522724 2522724), ( 252270 252270 - 252200 252200), ( 25227. 25227. - 252290 252290), (252224. 252224. - 2522022 2522022 ) , ( 25279. 25279. - 252010 252010 ) mg/l., whereas in particulate part ranged for between (0.29 - 1.49), (3.46 - 13.04), (12.51 - 20.99), (1.08 - 4.67 ((, (65.54 - 127.51 ) µg/g dry weight. and in sediments ranged between (0.53 - 1.96), (23.93 - 49.65), (136.85 - 166.09), (4.14 - 5.92), (126.69 - 176.64) µg/g dry weight respectively. In the Descending sequence in concentrations of all trace elements in abiotic components was as follow : sediments> particulate part> dissolved part. in producers of Al - Diwaniya river ranged in plant P. australis from (0.07 - 0.20), (5.93 - 16.21), (8.67 - 46.87 ) , (0.89 - 2.93), (26.60 - 103.78) µg/g dry weight respectively. in phytoplankton from (0.40 - 1.77), (8.89 - 25.2), (28.0666.49), (1.47 - 3.59 ) , (103.39 - 159.70) µg/g dry weight respectively. In the Descending sequence in concentrations of all trace elements in producers was as follow phytoplankton> plant P. australis. While the concentrations of trace elements in consumers in (zooplankton) of Al - Diwaniya river ranged from(0.56 - 4.41), (21.89 - 56.08), (51.64 - 152.79), (2.806.06), (137.14 - 183.61) µg/g dry weight respectively. While in two species of fish according to organs in gills of Cyprinus carpio ranged from(0.63 - 2.07) ) ) 3.19 3.90), ) ) 4.04 - 8.96) , (1.95 - 3.76), (182.14 253.89) µg/g dry weight respectively, in liver from(0.41 - 1.78), (6.20 - 32.47 ) , (5.97 - 10.39), (2.06 - 5.37), (136.15 184.75) µg/g dry weight respectively, and in muscles from (0.49 - 3.43و) , (و 2.82 10.40), (7.17 - 11.57 ) , (0.61 - 4.60 ) , (110.96 - 160.46) µg/g dry weight respectively. and ranged in gills of Tilapia zilli from(0.44 - 1.15), (1.06 - 6.83), (8.18 - 13.97 ) , (1.46 2.89) , (99.03 155.33) µg/g dry weight respectively, in liver from(0.571.64 ) , (13.08 - 28.06), ( 8.03 - 18.50), (1.32 - 3.02), (112.68 176.32) µg/g dry weight respectively, and in muscles(0.46 - 1.80), (2.42 2.93), (7.47 - 10.52), ( 0.20 - 3.16 ) , (79.74 - 153.58 ((µg/g dry weight respectively. concentrations of all trace elements in consumers always were higher than with producers and abiotic components In the Descending sequence in concentrations of all trace elements in consumers and producers was as follow : zooplankton> Cyprinus carpio> Tilapia zilli> phytoplankton> plant P. australis., And in the organs of fish was as follow in Cyprinus carpio : gills> liver>muscle, while in Tilapia zilli was follow liver > gills >muscle. While the values of the bioconcentration factor for (Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, Lead and Zinc) in producers of the study area ranged in plant P. australis. From 747542 747542)) - 7200500 7200500), ( 0.7150. 0.7150. - 729445.4 729445.4), (..1750...1750. - 047..59. 047..59.), ( 004540 004540 411507 411507), ( 44.592 44.592 - 4740509 4740509) respectively.In phytoplankton (7027512 7027512 - 000.2522 000.2522), (.704504.704504 - 79...549 79...549), ( 7111.547 7111.547 - 99420594 99420594), ( 7049542 7049542 - .20454..20454.), ( 0110527 0110527 77944502 77944502) respectively. the values of the bioconcentration factor for elements in consumers of the study area ranged in zooplankton from (712.59. 712.59. - .7444544.7444544), (0071504 0071504 - 42914504 42914504 ) , ( 0.004597 0.004597 - 07.700524 07.700524), ( 0..7527 0..7527 - 7709.544 7709.544), ( 4010577 4010577 70744574 70744574) respectively.in fish organs Cyprinus carpio ranged in gills from(197571 197571 - 97922522 97922522), (839.47 - 2808.33), (1704.16 - 4640.00), (1500.00 - 4076.92), (6876.10 - 13873.77) respectively. in liver ranged from (482.35 - 35600.00), (001.522 001.522 - 10075.00), (2473.81 - 6453.33), (1665.00 - 4646.15), (6373.16 - 12568.02) respectively. and in muscles (.14591.14591 - 40422522 40422522), ( 190572 190572 - 0444544 0444544), ( 7049500 7049500 9002500 9002500 - ) , ( 047520 047520 - 1214540 1214540), ( 4220501 4220501 - 9111502 9111502) respectively. while in Tilapia zilli organs ranged in gills (.71549.71549 - 00222522 00222522), ( 000500 000500 - 01015.2 01015.2) , ( 000254. 000254. 4070500 4070500), ( ((00475.0 00475.0 - 40.504 40.504 , (.40050..40050. - 0901541 0901541 ) respectively. in liver (4125.0 4125.000022522 00022522 ) , (.02.504.02.504 - 00000500 00000500), ( 0017590 0017590 - 77.405.2 77.405.2), ( 09457. 09457. - 9044500 9044500) , (499.5.0 499.5.0 - 0420592 0420592 ) respectively. and in muscles ranged from (.97571.97571 - 00022522 00022522), (771.05 - 0744544 0744544) , ( 7414574 7414574 - 401.522 401.522), ( ( ( 0.44500 0.44500 - 700502 700502, ( 5414.28 - 7354.09) respectively. results showed that the aquatic organisms (Consumers, Producers) have ability to bioconcentration of trace elements. and showed the descending sequence in concentrations of all trace elements in consumers and producers was as follow : zooplankton> Cyprinus carpio> Tilapia zilli> phytoplankton> plant P. australis. The result of this study confirms the biomagnification phenomenon (the increase of trace elements concentration with elevation in trophic levels of the food web) in study of Al - Diwaniya river ecosystem, as it's the case in other region of the world

انتشار داء اللشمانية الجلدية في محافظة القادسية مع تقييم مدى الاسجابة للعلاج بعقار البنتوستام بطريقة RT - PCR == Prevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis In Al - Qadissia Province And The Evaluation of Treatment Response By Pentostam With Rt - Pcr

Author name: رنا صالح صاحب محلول الدفاعي
Supervisor name: غيداء عباس جاسم الجبوري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: Results of clinical and laboratory examination of 239 cases showed 55 infection cases in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and in infection proportion reaches at 23.01% out of the total number of the Cutaneous cases which are similar to Leishmaniasis during the months of the study. The Results also showed that the highest infection was recorded between the ages 1 - 10 years old and about 26 cases in 47.27% and between 10 - 20 years old about 17 cases in 30.9% and the lowerest was between 40 - 50 and 70 - 80 years old in one cases in 1.8%. The summit of the disease spread was in February for about 24 cases in 43.63% specially in AL - Hamza AL - Sharqi where the highest number of infection was recorded for about 23 cases in 41.81%. It is followed by AL - Shafiya for 10 cases in 18.18% and the lowerest was AL - Mhannawiya for one case in 1.8%. It has been clear that the number of the multiple epidemics is more than the individual ones in 70.5% while the latter in 29.98% respectively. It was focused on hands and legs in 50.35% and 24.46 %. The tissue test showed thick perspiration in the big infected pharynx and lymphatic cell in addition to the existence of abscess to the smash of the infected cell. Forty nine positive cases were found in 89.09% for the genetic material DNA which is connected with Leishmaniasis by mean of NestedPCR to identify the type results showed 47 samples which is L. major in 95.91% and to get sure by investigating the virulence factor lipophosphoglycan, proteophosphoglycan and cysteine protease it was found that all sample were positive in 100% as Leishmania. major. To know the affect of treatment pentostam on these samples, the standard proportion for the genetic patterns was calculated factor lipophosphoglycan, proteophosphoglycan and cysteine protease during five week. Results showed that there was a big difference for each gene in a solation during the period of treatment in a level of the possibility of (P?0.05) when used test LSD. and by comparing the three genes it was found that there was a meaningful between cysteine protease and the other two factor lipophosphoglycan, proteophosphoglycan and there wasn’t difference between lipophosphoglycan, proteophosphoglycan. Hence, it has been clear that the treatment pentostam has a big affect in parasite by its affect on the virulence factors and this explains that possibility of infection may happen again after having the treatment. The skin disease cutaneous Leishmaniasis is considered as one of the endemic parasitic diseases in Iraq. This study aims at identifying its prevalence and specifying the virulence factors in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in order to define the type of disease reason and the affect of the treatment of Pentostam on the virulence factors lipophosphoglycan, Cysteine protease, proteophosphoglycans by means Real time - PCR

التنوع الوراثي لبعض الانماط الوراثية للطماطة باستعمال واسمات الـ RAPD وSSR في العراق == Genetic Diversity of Some Tomato Genotypes Using RAPD And SSR Markers In Iraq

Author name: اطياف جميل ثامر التميمي
Supervisor name: علي حمود السعدي | محسن جلاب عباس
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant - Genetics
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: قدر التنوع الوراثي لـ 19 من الانماط الوراثية للطماطة (المحدودة وغير المحدودة النمو) المستزرعة في العراق باستخدام اثنين من واسمات الدنا (DNA Markers) المعتمدة على تفاعلات البلمرة المتسلسلة Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) وهما واسمات التفاعل التضاعفي العشوا | Genetic diversity of 19 tomato genotypes (determinate and indeterminate) cultivated in Iraq using two polymerase chain reaction based DNA markers (PCR based DNA markers); Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) and Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs).Variation of some growth criteria and morphological traits for each genotype were recorded in the growing season of 2012 - 2013.High variability was observed in plant height, leaf area, number of inflorescence, number of flowers and fruit weight among genotypes To achieve PCR reactions, total genomic DNA was isolated from fresh leaves (2 weeks old). The average yields of DNA were in the range of 100 - 295 ng/?l with a purity ranging between 1.8 - 1.9.RAPDs amplifications were performed for genotypes fingerprinting by testing 27 Operon primers. DNA polymorphisms among genotypes were scored within detectable amplified fragments (their numbers and molecular weight) after agarose gel electrophoresis and staining with ethidium bromide. The 27 primers produced 442 of main bands, out of which 312 were polymorphic bands (70.5%) and 70 were monomorphic (15.8%) across all tested genotypes.Each selected primer produced between 60 bands (OPA - 14) to 290 bands (OPD - 13). DNA amplification products ranged in their size from 250 bp (OPA - 01, OPU - 14, OPX - 15, OPX - 19, OPT - 08 ( to 2755 bp (OPX - 18). The highest number of polymorphic bands (21 bands) was produced by primer OPU - 03, while the lowest number of polymorphic bands (3 band) was produced by both primers OPA - 14 and OPB - 17.The primers varied in their capacity in producing polymorphic amplified profiles among tomato genotypes which individually reflected genotype specific DNA profiles (fingerprints). The most important primers for this purpose were primers that produced more variety specific DNA profiles, such as OPD - 13, OPT - 08, OPW - 04, OPA - 04, OPA - 15, OPB - 18, OPU - 03, OPC - 09.The highest value of discrimination among genotypes in this study was obtained by primer OPU - 03, while the lowest discrimination value was produced by both primers OPA - 14 and OPB - 17. The primer efficiency ranged from 0.13 in (primer OPC - 09) to 0.02 in (primer OPB - 17). The lowest genetic distance was 0.2294 between genotypes Oula and Shady lady, while the highest genetic distance was 0.9459 between genotypes Fotton and Special pack. Cluster analysis (Phylogenetic tree) by un weighted pair - group method of arithmetic means (UPGMA) based dendrogram revealed that they were two main genetic groups (major clusters).The first small major clusters included four (four genotypes) while the second large major cluster included (15 genotypes). A total of 21 alleles were detected among the tested genotypes using five SSRs loci distributed on four chromosomes of tomato. The molecular size of bands obtained from amplification of SSR products ranged from 121 to 247 bp. Alleles ranged from one in (Tom 8 - 9, Tom 41 - 42 and Tom 67 - 68 loci) to twelve in Tom 49 - 50 locus. The values of heterozygosity for each locus ranged between 0.63 for Tom 31 - 32 and 0.89 for Tom 49 - 50 with a mean value of 0.30. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values for the SSR loci ranged from 0.45 in Tom 31 - 32 to 0.58 in Tom 49 - 50 loci with an average of 0.21. Each one of (Tom 8 - 9, Tom 41 - 42 and Tom 67 - 68 loci) produce 0.0 value for both heterozygosity and PIC. The study revealed that, The lowest genetic distance was 0.3244 between varieties Tamara and W arda, while, the highest genetic distance was 0.9177between varieties Helam and Super marimond. The genetic similarity values ranging from 0.0823 to 0.6756 depending upon the genetic distance values that ranging from 0.3244 to 0.9177, indicating the largest diversity with percentage of 32 to 91% among the tested genotypes. The analysis of the results obtained from genetic distances and Neighbor - joining dendrogram (unrooted tree) revealed that, the 19 tested tomato genotypes can be grouped into two major groups : first cluster included nine varieties distributed in two subgroups. The second major cluster included 10 genotypes which in turn divided into two subgroups.The relationship among genotypes was not concern to their morphological characters and geographical origins. The overall analysis of the results show that both SSRs and RAPDs markers are powerful tools in fingerprinting and revealing the genetic relationships among tomato genotypes.
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