Author name:
عداي ابراهيم مجيد حوران
Supervisor name:
جاسم محمد عبد الشجيري
University location:
Anbar
Abstract:
The study found that intellectual movement in Lebanon is an independent branch represents a modern phenomenon that has played a major role in the establishment of systems of political, social and cultural ideas, so the regimes based on the thought of calling him, and any system breaks down if only behind the thought of calling torn down.`The study confirmed that intellectual movement is made up of two components of science and knowledge and it helps people to liberate themselves from colonialism and exploitation, injustice and ignorance, to get to the new thinking leap in the life of the Lebanese society happens.Lebanese intellectual movement originated from the various levels of existence in the community between the West and the Arab and Islamic concepts included the historic conflict, several factors contributed to the expansion of the Lebanese intellectual renaissance, a movement of religious reform that included intellectual renaissance in literature and the arts, science and reform of education and unite Muslims and to address the invasion of intellectual colonialism, as well as the ideas of the French Revolution and the campaign of Napoleon to Egypt and the Levant and reforms Muhammad Ali, those were points of convergence with the European ideas that entered Lebanese society by missionaries and foreign missions, religious, had this role in the intellectual movement through a translator operations, in addition to the impact of the printing press and associations literary.The study concluded that the reflection of the situation of Lebanon's public intellectual life that has been split into different directions in the first half of the twentieth century, when the French authorities announced the birth of the State of Greater Lebanon in 1920, there was the impact of intellectual about the private and public identity of Lebanon which has been described (Civil), positions varied intellectual and trends and political in Lebanon in the declaration of the new entity, the call for ideas unionist and advocate of Lebanese nationalism , Sought the pioneers of the intellectual movement in Lebanon to bring rapprochement and unification of opinion in the face of the French occupation policy, focusing their activity pro - independence and the withdrawal of foreign troops, achieved - author of the National Charter, which collect all the intellectuals, and agreed to submit their national interest over personal interest, Thinkers succeeded in Lebanese Charter grabbing independence from French occupation in November 1943, in addition to the return of Lebanon to the Arab world and to pursue a policy (not east not west) and took the Arabic language as an official language of the country instead of the French language, as was the intellectual movement in the evacuation of full French troops from Lebanon in 1946.The most important things that I explained during the study, the significant role of the basic necessities of Intellectual Movement in Lebanon, the main pillars of the elements of the intellectual, cultural and humanitarian development, contribute to education in strengthening the awareness and promote the intellectual future generations to do its part in building a modern state and the dissemination of science and knowledge and the consolidation of national unity, intellectual, mental and aspirations, Education develops ideas and directions of the human mind to the right path and has a clear impact on the growth of scientific, literary and scientific renaissance in Lebanon, and that this renaissance did not come until after the emergence of schools and scientific institutions and universities, graduated from the leaders of thought in the field of literature and language, thought and clerics and intellectuals contributed to the leadership of schools Lebanese society, the Lebanese press contributed to the intellectual and cultural life, as thinkers and writers met on their pages, the best and the most powerful means of communication and the promotion of intellectual, pioneers of the intellectual movement in the press and scientific fields found a platform for the dissemination of political, literary, religious and social ideas and means to address the issues affecting that ran the country, encouraged and developed ideas and human potential through writings, promised to press a platform for the dissemination of science and thought and appearance of the elements of the Lebanese intellectual movement, it all led to ascend Lebanon forefront of Arab countries in the intellectual movement, not only the role of men intellectual movement in Lebanon only, but on the Arab world, have had multiple productions intellectual and privileged position towards the Arab issues such as the Palestinian cause and the cause of Arab unity and Egyptian issues, the issue of rejection of Western alliances in the region, led to contact and meet the intellectual and cultural ascend to Lebanon modern intellectual movement.The study stressed the importance of the emergence of intellectual trends and flocked under the leadership of the leading figures in modern and contemporary Arab thought, especially after the success in the process of changing the movement of thought Arab and Islamic society and raising awareness in the hearts of the Arab nation by inviting them to intellectual freedom, and this is called intellectual renaissance which means emissions new are rejected what cushions and in control of thought and culture and frameworks social in the formation and development of the Lebanese intellectual trends, crystallized these intellectual trends, the most prominent religious reformist Islamic trend, the national trend, the Arab nationalist trend, Marxist and socialist direction, each direction has attracted supporters and supporters from Notepad elements, headed orientations those to modernize the political community in all fields of contemporary intellectual renaissance.Finally, it can be concluded that most of the Lebanese intellectual trends formed early task of intellectual life, identified and opinions thinkers ideas through a review of all the thinking and determine the positions of the intellectual struggle and ideological facilities, these trends that has spread in Lebanon at the time, so I got a collision intellectual and political among those trends and patrons, through what was presented on the history of intellectual movement and the multiplicity of trends in Lebanon, Lebanon has done its part in the broadcast of the Arab thought, making the thinkers of the Arab world to Lebanon a major milestone for the construction of the contemporary Arab character, affected and hired to serve their communities, I look forward to sons the Iraqi people to take from the Lebanese experience he studied, and waited until the day that the intellectual and political trends rise to the embodiment of national unity among the Iraqi people, and concern for the future of Iraq and its present and miss an opportunity to regional and international countries that seeks to disrupt the unity of Iraq.
